Inverter P-Q Capability

Title: P-Q Capability of Inverter SG3150U

Version: Ver 3.0
Revision date: 2018-11-20
Author： Martial
Reviewed by: Wangyh

1. Scope
This document is to describe the P-Q characteristics of Sungrow’s Central inverters list below:

Inverter Model Nominal AC Power Max. AC Power Cooling method

SG3150U 3150kW @45C 3150kVA @45C Forced air cooling
1.1 SG3150U PQ curve at nominal voltage.
Inverter SG3150U active power (P) vs reactive power (Q) is shown in the following diagram.
Pn represents inverter nominal active power, which is 3150kW.
Sn represents inverter max. apparent power, which is 3150kVA.
Qn represents inverter max. reactive power, which is 1890kVAR.
The Q (reactive power) is adjustable in the range of (0 ~ ±0.6Pn, which is equal to 0~±1890kVAR).
The P (active power) is adjustable in the range of (0~100%Pn, which is equal to 0 ~ 3150kW)
S²=P²+Q²；
For SG3150U Vac=630Vac
Sn=3150kVA_Max. apparent power
Pn=3150kVA_Nominal output power
Q= 1373kVAR (@P=90%Sn, Pf=0.90)
Q= 1890kVAR (@P=60%Sn, Pf=0.80)
Qn=1890KVAR
P (kW)

P=3150KW Q=0

PF=-0.8,P=2520KW PF=0.8,P=2520KW
Q=1890KVAR, S=3150KVA Q=1890KVAR, S=3150KVA

Blue area: PF mode range

The PF can only be set
within Lagging 0.8~0.8
leading
White area: Qt mode,
reactive power is
generated based on
maximum reactive power

Ind. Cap.

60%Pn 0 60%Pn Q (kVar)

SG3150U P-Q Capability @nominal voltage

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 Inverter P-Q Capability
1.2 SG3150U PQ curve at 0.9PU voltage.
Inverter SG3150U active power (P) vs reactive power (Q) is shown in the following diagram.
Pn represents inverter nominal active power, which is 2835kW @0.9PU.
Sn represents inverter max. apparent power, which is 2835KVA@0.9PU.
Qn represents inverter max. reactive power, which is 1701KVAR@0.9PU.
The Q (reactive power) is adjustable in the range of (0 ~ ±0.6Pn, which is equal to 0~±1701kVAR).
The P (active power) is adjustable in the range of 0 ~ 2835KW.
S²=P²+Q²；
Vac=0.9PU
For SG3150U
Sn=2835kVA_Max. apparent power
Pn=2835kVA_@Pf=1
Q= 1235.75kVAR (@P=90%Sn, Pf=0.90)
Q= 1701kVAR (@P=60%Sn, Pf=0.80)
Qn=1701KVAR

P (kW)
Pn=2835KW Q=0

PF=-0.8,P=2268KW PF=0.8,P=2268KW
Q=1701KVAR, S=2835KVA Q=1701KVAR, S=2835KVA

Blue area: PF mode range

The PF can only be set
within Lagging 0.8~0.8
leading
White area: Qt mode,
reactive power is
generated based on
maximum reactive power

Ind. Cap.

60%Pn 0 60%Pn Q (kVar)

SG3150U P-Q Capability @0.9PU voltage

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 Inverter P-Q Capability

1.3 SG3150U PQ curve at 1.1PU voltage.

Inverter SG3150U active power (P) vs reactive power (Q) is shown in the following diagram.
Pn represents inverter nominal active power, which is 3150kW.
Sn represents inverter max. apparent power, which is 3150kVA.
Qn represents inverter max. reactive power, which is 1890kVAR.
The Q (reactive power) is adjustable in the range of (0 ~ ±0.6Pn, which is equal to 0~±1890kVAR).
The P (active power) is adjustable in the range of (0~100%Pn, which is equal to 0 ~ 3150KW)
S²=P²+Q²；
For SG3150U Vac=1.1PU
Sn=3150kVA_Max. apparent power
Pn=3150kVA_Nominal output power
Q= 1373kVAR (@P=90%Sn, Pf=0.90)
Q= 1890kVAR (@P=60%Sn, Pf=0.80)
Qn=1890KVAR
P (kW)

P=3150KW Q=0

PF=-0.8,P=2520KW PF=0.8,P=2520KW
Q=1890KVAR, S=3150KVA Q=1890KVAR, S=3150KVA

Blue area: PF mode range

The PF can only be set
within Lagging 0.8~0.8
leading
White area: Qt mode,
reactive power is
generated based on
maximum reactive power

Ind. Cap.

60%Pn 0 60%Pn Q (kVar)

SG3150U P-Q Capability @1.1PU voltage

1.4 Qt mode and PF mode explanation.

The inverter could operate at Pf mode or Q(t) mode during daytime.

When operating at Pf mode, the inverter Pf range could only be set within lagging 0.8~0.8 leading. the

reactive power is generated based on active power, for example; when the active power is 1000kW, if

the Pf is set to 0.9, the reactive power would be 458kVAR. Remember the maximum apparent power

of the inverter is 3150kVA, which means even the irradiance is good enough the inverter cannot work

at over 3150kVA. P²+Q²=3150KVA², for example; when the Pf=0.8, the active power could be easy
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 Inverter P-Q Capability

to be calculated like 3150*0.8=2544KW, the reactive power 1890kVAR.

When the irradiance is very low during day time and the operator would need the inverter to generate

certain amount of reactive power to support the grid, the Q(t) mode could be used to generate the

reactive power. When operating at Q(t) mode, the reactive power is generated based on percentage

of the maximum reactive power which is 1890kVAR, in this mode the inverter will prioritize the

generation of reactive power, the Q(t) mode range is from -1 to 1, for example; when an operator sets

the Q(t) percentage at 1, it means the inverter would generate 1890kVAR reactive power, if the

operator sets the value to 0.5, the inverter would generate 50%*1890kVAR = 945kVAR.

As stated earlier, while operating in Q(t) mode, the reactive power is generation is priority, even if the

irradiance is very strong, the inverter is able to generate the maximum active power, but when an

operator sets the Q(t) value to 50%, the inverter would generate 945KVAR reactive power and the

active power would be:

√（3150kVA² - 945kVAR²）= 3004KW.

When the irradiance is weak and it can only generate a very small active power, like 100KW, if you set

the Qt percentage at 50%, 945KVAR reactive power would be generated and the apparent power

would be:

√(9k45VAR² + 100kW²) = 950kVA.

Based on the above technical information, during the morning or evening, when the irradiance is very

low, but there is a high demand for reactive power, the Q(t) mode could be used, the inverter will

follow the SCADA/PPC instructions to generate the requested reactive power to support the grid.

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