Engineering Materials:

According to iron as base metal, metals can be classified into two major groups:
1- Ferrous – those based on iron. Ferrous can be subdivided into:
a- Steels.
b- Cast iron.
2- Nonferrous – all other metals.
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Nonferrous Metals
The nonferrous metals include metal elements and alloys not based on iron. The
most important engineering metals are:
- Aluminum.
- Copper.
- Magnesium.
- Nickel.
- Titanium.
- Zinc
- And their alloys.
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Aluminum and its Alloys

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Properties of Aluminum
o High electrical conductivity.
o High thermal conductivity.
o Excellent corrosion resistance.
o Very ductile and formable.

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 o Relatively low strength. But (𝑇𝑆Aluminum Alloys + heat treatment ~𝑇𝑆𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 )

o Its lowness in weight give it a major advantage upon steels.

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Composition and mechanical properties of selected aluminum alloys

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Copper and Its Alloys

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Properties of Copper
- Color: reddish – pink.
- Low electrical resistivity (high electrical conductivity).
Note: alloying elements decrease greatly this property.
- Excellent thermal conductor.
- Corrosion resistant.
- Relatively, low strength and hardness.

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Famous Copper Alloys
Bronze ‫البرونز‬:
90% Cu and 10% Sn (tin).
Applications:
1- Worm pinion is the most important application of bronze because of its
low friction and wear resistance. Video 49, 50 &51.

2- Bearings ‫المحامل‬: Bronze Bushes. Video 52.

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Brass ‫البراص‬:
- 65% Cu and 35% Zn (Zinc).
- Applications:
 Valves.

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  Gears. Video 53.

 Bushes
o very low speeds without lubrication.
o Relatively higher speed with lubrication.
 Handles.


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Nickel and its Alloys

Properties
- is similar to iron in many respects such: magnetic feature, modulus of
elasticity is the same as that of iron and steel.
- Much corrosion resistant (used in steels as an alloying element)
- Its alloys have superior high temperature properties.

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Compositions and mechanical properties of selected nickel alloys

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Titanium and Its Alloys

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Properties of Titanium
- Low thermal expansion.
- Light weight and hence good strength – to – weight ratio.
- Corrosion resistant.
- Titanium alloys are used as high strength components in temperature
ranging from ambient to 550 𝑜𝐶 .
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Compositions and mechanical properties of selected titanium alloys

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