PE ● Begin- sijak

The name Taekwondo is derived from the Korean word “Tae” ● Belt- ti
meaning “foot” “Kwon” meaning first and “Do” meaning way of. ● Block- makgi
That name , however has only used since 1955 while the arts’ ● Bow- kyongre
roots began 2,300 years ago in Korea. ● Breaking- kyeok-pa
-literally, the meaning of Taekwondo is “the way of the foot first” ● Dodge or evade- pihagi
● Elbow- palgup
Different Strikes Different Blocks
● Fist- joomock
1. Middle punch 1. Out in middle block ● Foot- bal
2. Back fist 2. In out middle block ● Forms- poomsae
3. Neck chop 3. Knife hand middle ● Front- ap
4. Hummer fist block ● Hand- son
5. Reverse neck chop 4. Downward block ● Head- mori
5. Upper block ● Instructor- sabomnin
6. Scissors block
● Kick- chagi
● Choon-bee- be ready
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Different Stances
MASIPAG
1. Walking stance Retorika- isang mahalagang kasanayan na nagpapakita ng
2. Forward stance masining, malinaw at mabisang pagpapahayag ng isang
3. Back stance mananalita o manunulat upang matagumpay na maiparating ang
4. Horse back riding isang ideya o makapanghimok ng mga tagapakinig o mambabsa.
stance Kanon Retorika
5. Choon-bee stance
● Imbensyon- Latin sa salita “Invenire” na ang kahulugan
6. Kicking stance
ay “to find”. Ito ay karaniwang nakatuon sa karaniwang
kategorya ng pag-iisip na naging kunbensyonal na
Five Tenets of Taekwondo hanguan ng mga retorikal na materyales
● Courtesy- Be polite and respectful to everyone, every ● Pagsasaayos- Nakatuon kung paano ang pagsusunod
day, everywhere sunurin ang isang pahayag o akda
● Integrity- be honest and trustworthy; say what you ● Istayl- nauukol sa masining na ekspresyon ng mga
mean, mean what you say ideya. Kung paano ito sasabihin. Ang istayl ay hindi
● Perseverance- we grow by overcoming challenges; try insidental , superspisyal o suplementari sapagkat
again and again and again tinutukoy nito kung paano ipinapaloob sa wika ang mga
● Self-Control- Have strength of mind as well as of the ideya
body; be humble in victory and gracious defeat ● Memori- may kaugnayan samemory aids na tumutulong
● Indomitable spirit- getting knocked down doesn't sa isang orador na sauluhin ang isang talumpati.
matter, as long as you keep getting back up. Nakapaloob din sa kanong iro ang pag iimbak ng iba
pang materyales sa isipan ng mga paksa ng imbensyon
Poomsae - patterns and sequence of movements which upang magamit sa isang partikular na okasyon
demonstrate many of the various stances, blocks, strikes ● Deliberi- napakahalaga sa retorikal pedagodyi.
and kicks which are learned Binibigyan din sa pagtalakay ng exercitacio (practice
Gyorugi- or sparring is the competitive application of exercise) at naipapakita sa deklamasyon ng mga
techniques in the competition ring retorikal na edukasyon. Ito ay pampublikong
Ho Shin Sool - or self defence begins with a conflict, presentasyon ng diskurso, pasalita man o pasulat
avoidance techniques but includes learning how to defend one- Retorika bilang sining
self. In Taekwondo we never start a fight except in competition ● Isang kooperatibang sining
ring, we rather run. - napagbubuklod ang tagapagsalita at tagapakinig ang
Kyukpa- or breaking is a popular and well known aspects of manunulat at ang mambabasa
most martial arts. Used to illustrate flexibility, power, ● Isang pantaong sining
precision, and mental preparedness of the student - Wika ang midyum ng retorika, pasalita man o pasulat.
Dahil ang wika ay isang ekslusibong pag-aari ng tap,
Health Benefits of Learning Taekwondo ang retorika ay magiging isang eksklusibong ring sining
1. Improves muscle tone and appearance ng tao at para sa tao
2. Increased strength and stamina ● Isang temporal na sining
3. Improved confidence Ang retorika ay nababatay sa panahon. Ang gumagamit nito ay
4. Improved flexibility nangungusap sa lengwahe ng ngayon, hindi bukas hindi
5. Improved agility and reflexes kahapon
6. Improved concentration and self esteem ● Isang limitadong sining
7. Improved leadership skills Maari nitong paganahin ang ating imahinasyon at gawing posible
Terms used in Taekwondo ang mga bagay na imposible sa ating isipan ngunit sa realidad
● Arm- pal hindi lahat ng bagay ay magagawa nito
● Attention- chariyut ● Isang may kabiguang sining
● Back or backwards- dwi
Hindi lahat ng tao ay magaling sa paghawak ng wika. Marami sa
atin ang limitado lamang ang kaalaman at kasanayan sa ating
wika
● Isang nagsusupling na sining
Ang retorika ay nagsusupling ng mga kaalaman
Saklaw ng retorika
● Wika
● Sining
● Pilosopiya
● Lipunan
● Agham
● Iba pang agham
Gampanin ng retorika
● Nagbibigay- Daan sa komunikasyon,
upang maipahayag o maiparating ang iniisip o
nadarama sa paraang pasulat o pahayag upang
maunawaan ng ibang tao
● Nagdidistrak
dahil sa pakikinig sa iba o pag babasa ng may akda,
nadidistrak ang ating isipan sa mga masasakit na
realidad ng lipunan
● Nagpapalawak ng pananaw- sa tuwing tayo ay nakikinig
at nag babasa, meron tayong natutunan bagong
kaalaman na mahalaga at nagiging dahilan ng pananaw
mo sa buhay
● Nag-bigay ngalan- ang mga bagay-bagay natin sa
paligid ay ay dumating o ipinanganak ng walang leybel.
Hal: kamera-kodak, kotse-toyota, toothpaste-colgate
● Nagbibigay kapangyarihan- maraming tao ang naging
prominente at makapangyarihan. Ang matatalinong
ideya, malalim na paniniwala at idolohiya na naipahayag
sa pamamagitan ng retorika ay pinagmulan ng
kapangyarihan at kalakasan
Eupemismo- o badyang pangpalubag loob ay ang pagpalit ng
salitang mas magandang pakinggan
Inklitik (paningit) - katagang isinasama sa mga pangungusap
upang maging malinaw ang kahulugan nito.
Ex: ba, kasi, kaya,rin, nga, lang etc.
Idyoma- nag papabisa, nagpapakulay at nag papakahulugan sa
pagpapahayag. Ang mga idyoma ay malayo sa literal na
kahulugan ng salita. Tinatawag din itong sawikain. Hindi tuwiran
ang mga kahulugang nais ipahayag at hindi ibinibigay ang tunay
na kahulugan ng mga ito sa ibabaw o sa pagitan ng mga salitang
ipinahayag.
Ex: kayod kalabaw - halos walang tigil na pag tratrabaho
Bukas palad- handang tumulong
Nagpuputok na butse- gali na galit
Anakpawis- manggagawa
Tayutay- ginagamit ang tayutay sa pagpapahayag upang
maging mabisa at maging makulay ang mga pangungusap.
- Tumutukoy sa matalinghagang pagpapahayag o
paglalarawang kakaiba sa pangkaraniwang paraan
- Ito din ay ginagamit upang maging mabisa at kawili-wili
ang paglalarawan at pag papahayag
Uri ng tayutay
1. Simili (pagtutulad)- pagpapahayag ng paghahambing sa
dalawang bagay, pangyayari at iba pa.
Ex: tulad ng mga butil ng perlas ang mga luha niya.
Ang mga salita mo ay tila punyal na tumatarak sa aking puso.
2. Metapora (pagwawangis)- ito ang pinaghahambing
ng magkaibang bagay. Ito ay tuwiran at diretsahan ang
pinaghahambing ng mga ito
Ex: ang daliri ng dalaga ay hugis kandila
Isang bukas na aklat ang ang buhay ni rina sa kanilang nayon
3. Personipikasyon (pagbibigay katauhan)- ito ay pagsalin o
paglipat ng talino, gawa o kilos o iba pang katangian ng isang tao
sa mga karaniwang bagay
Ex: masungit ang panahon ngayon
Ngumiti ang kaniyang kapalaran nung nangibang bansa ang
kanyang kapatid
4. Hayperbole (pagmamalabis)- ito ang mga pahayag na labis
sa katotohanan o eksaherado. Nag papahayag ito ng higit sa
kalagayan ng isang tao, bagay, o pangyayari.
Ex: elepanteng-elepante sa bigat ang taong yan
Sa ganon na kagisigan ni Tom Cruz, patay lamang ang hindi
mabibighani
5. Apostropi (pagtawag)- ito ang pakikipag usap sa karaniwang
bagay o sa isang kaisipan na parang nakikipag usap sa buhay na
tao na parang naroroong kaharap mo gayong wala naman
Ex: pag-ibig! Masdan mo ang ginawa mo
Tukso! Layuan mo ako nang hindi na ako muli magkasala
6. Ironiya (pag uyam)- ito ang pagpapahayag na ginagamitang
ng pananalitang nangungutya sa tao o bagay sa pamamagitan
ng mga salitang kung pakinggan ay tila ka puri-puri
Ex: maganda at kahali-halina ang kanyang katawan hubog
bariles
Naku, mahusay kang magdala ng mga bagay na wala sa uso.
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LITEPOP
Configuration of “culture” (Adorno)
- Culture refers to the human being’s coping with
environmental and human nature in terms of its
mastery.
Dominating Suppressing Exploiting
Forming of reality refers to the shaping of a society as a whole,
the reciprocal relationships of the people, the tanning of nature,
and the control of its resources. (Adorno, 2009, p.146)
- Culture contains the moment of conserving for its
own sake.
The notion of care also contains the moment of conserving
something for its own sake, the idea that what human beings
acquire and subject to their rule should not be radically broken or
eradicated but rather simultaneously preserved its own being.
(Adorno 2009, p.146)
European notion of American notion of Culture
Culture Culture
Preserving Judging by what Spiritualization
simultaneously they can directly Internalization
nature by human contribute to
power human existence
Geisteskultur
 ● Cloth- a piece of woven or felted material made of wool,
hair or cotton.
- A distinctive dress worn by members of any
profession.
● Dress- is to arrange; it means the principal outgarments
worn by women or visible part of clothing.
● Costume- means mode of personal attire or dress
belonging to a nation, class or period.
Fashion is never a stationary, never fixed and ever-changing
Hallyu- working on Korean Cultural words
- Lifted the ban on foreign travel for local Koreans
- Lifted censorship laws
- Increased on branding
- Increased and focused on infrastructure
The Origin of the Culture (Williams)
Han- it is deep frustrated and pent up sorrow.
❖ Colonus ‘to colony’ ‘inhabit’
❖ Cultura- cultivation or trending Won han Jeong han
❖ Cultus , to cult ‘honor with worship’
❖ Cultura, Couture (french) Revenge or justice Sorrow, distress, unresolved,
transformation oriented sentiment of sorrow or grief
CULTURE IS THE TRENDING OF SOMETHING, BASICALLY
Jeong/ We-ness- it is love and belongingness, other-oriented
CROPS OR ANIMALS.
person.
Chung/loyalty- this concept was applied to a country, military, a
political group, and its designated leader.
CULTURE IS TRENDING OF NATURAL GROWTH TO A
PROCESS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT - It is “conformity”.
Hyo/filial piety to parent
William’s Moments of Culture
1. Culture is used to refer to a general process of Rules of LIfe
intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic development.
2. Culture is used as a particular way of life. Whether of ● Show utmost respect to parents
● Take care of one’s body
a people, a period, or a group. ● Contribute well to society
3. Culture is used to the works and practices of ● Offer sacrifices to parents
intellectual and especially artistic activity. ● Maintain devotion through ceremonies and rituals
when parents die
What is Fashion-ology? Chemyeon, Ye (Face and social appearance)- is a socially
● Study of fashion prescribed concept; it is oriented toward class, society, and
● Sociological investigation of fashion position. It often entails, opinions, views, and perceptions.
● Fashion as a system of institution - This social prestige image of “esteem” carries with it too
● Social production process of the belief in fashion much emotional attachment. Its loss often makes it hard
The Face of Fashion for the person involved to function properly within much
Immaterial object Clothing attachment.
Ye/social appearance- is displaying appropriate social behavior.
Fashion-ology debunks the myth that the creative designer is a
- Its translated as courtesy, good manners, properties,
genius. Fashion is not created by a single individual but by
etiquette, and decorum.
everyone involved in the production of fashion, and thus fashion
Deok- this concept refers to a need of a human being to look
is a collective activity.
outward toward the challenges and opportunities of being a
Etymology of Fashion
person dwelling in a community or world of ongoing social
Clothing- is a generic raw materials of what a person wears.
transformation.
1300- sense of style, fashion, manner of dress
Cheol- it is whole-person oriented in that it requires mindfulness
1482- collective manner of dressing
for the difficulties that lie ahead.
Origin: facio or factio (Latin)
Carnivalesque- Manifestation to official and serious tone of
It means: making or doing
medieval ecculesiastical and feudal culture. Folk festivals of the
Old french, fazon
carnival type. The comics and cults, the clown and fools, giants,
Middle English. Fashion
dwarf and jugglers, the vast and manifold literature of parody.
Meaning: make or shape
3 Distinct forms of the manifestation
mode of etiquette furniture style of for the 1. Ritual sacrifices- spirituality; local culture embedded in
dress speech time being a particular situation. Carnival pageants, comic shows of
Synonyms of Fashion the marketplace.
● Style- sometimes the equivalent of fashion but also 2. Comic Verbal Compositions- parodies both oral and
denotes conformity. written in latin and in the vernacular.
● Vogue- suggest the temporary popularity of a certain 3. Various Genre of Billings Gate- curses, oaths, popular
fashion. blazons.
● Mode- is synonym of fashion ____________________________________________
BIBCHUR
Rosauro E. Encinas
“Holy Bible” or “Sacred Scriptures”
Bible from the word “ta biblia” means “the books”
Scriptures from the Latin word “scribe” which means “to write”
What really is a Bible?
1. A story narrative or tale of how God related to his
people and how the people remembered and interpreted
this experience.
2. It was written by God’s chosen people and also it is
based on their experience.
3. When they wrote, God guided them, that they may write
what God wanted to be written.
Bible is:
● Written by men
● Guided or inspired
● A story
● People of god
● Books
● Based on the experience
Two Divisions
Old Testament- God related with his people by his words
through prophets and his chosen people and his deeds through
some chosen people who served as kings, judges and priests.
New Testament- through the person of Jesus, God expresses
the fullness of his for us.
Hermeneutics- is a scientific study and establishment of the
principles by which the biblical text is to be interpreted.
- Science that furnishes the interpretation
- Established methodological principles and techniques
necessary to interpret the Bible.
Exegesis- is a result of applying the rules of hermeneutics to a
biblical text.
- The exposition or explanation of a text based on a
careful, objective analysis. The word exegesis literally
means “to lead out of”. That means that the exegete
leads the truth out of the text.
- considers the historical and cultural context in which Jesus lived.
Four Factors in Interpreting the Bible
1. The inspired human author
-There is a need to find out what the inspired human author had
in mind when interpreting the text.
-This involves some basic idea of the social, economic, and
religious conditions of the authors in their particular historical
situations.
2. The text itself
-There is a need to identify the literary form (ex. Historical
narratives, prophetic oracles, poem or parables) which the author
is using the text must be viewed also within the unity of the Bible.
3. The reader of the text
-Let the bible form us, even while conscious that we are reading
it in the light of our own contemporary experience
4. The common horizon connecting the original
community context of the text with our christian
community reading today
-First, the common horizon unites all the books of the bible into a
basic unity. Second it link together the context of the scriptural
text and its tradition with our present reading context today.
Stages of Gospel Formation
Stage 1: The Jesus of History
● Jesus was born. Jesus lived among his people. Jesus
said and did things.
Stage 2: Oral Tradition
● With the power of the Holy Spirit, the apostle started
preaching the good news.
● This stage developed because of the important factors:
❖ Celebration of Eucharist
❖ Day to day problems of the early Christians
WHY DID IT TAKE SO LONG FOR THE GOSPELS TO BE
WRITTEN?
- The Semitic people preferred the spoke living word
than the written word.
- The early Christians expected the risen Christians to
come back during their lifetime
- The original witness to Christ’s life were still living.
FACTORS THAT LEAD TO THE THIRD STAGE
- The apostles and original witnesses were dying or
being martyred.
- The Christian communities grew larger and larger.
- They realized that Jesus would not be coming back soon,
so there must be a more permanent record of Jesus’
message for the future generation of Christians.
Stage 3: Written Gospels
● The evangelists chose and arranged their materials and
adapted them according to the manner they wanted to
portray.
● The Evangelists wrote the gospels by the grace of the
holy spirit.
The Gospels are faith testimonies to the life, death and
resurrection of Jesus. Not a chronological, factual summary of
the details of Jesus’ life; not modern biographies insisting on
historical data.
Christology- literally “the understand Christ” is the study of the
nature and work of Jesus Christ.
Historical Jesus - attempts to reconstruct the life and
teachings of Jesus by critical history methods. It also
___________________________________________________
JOURNPRIP
Journalism
 comes from the latin word diurna means ‘’daily’’
 form of writing that tells people about things that truly
happened, but that they might have not known about
already
Acta diurnal – daily events
Responsible Journalism
 Not biased writing
 Reports of what is only seen
 No exaggeration or leaving out details
 Not enhancing what is seen
 Reveals all truth in the story with no edits
Role and function of Journalism
 Information
 Increasing public awareness
 Interpreting the facts
 Encouraging Decisions, Influencing change & Shaping
public opinion
Journalism as a Career
- Journalism is a highly responsible job, and highly
interesting at the same time. People looking for a career
 in journalism should have presentable and confident
personality, along with the ability to write and present
information accurately and concisely.
Other essential reqs that highlight a good journalist:
 Inquisitive bent of mind
 Good writing and communication skills
 Ability to differentiate between fact and fiction
 Tact
 Intelligence, awareness, and interest in current affairs
 Most importantly: capable of handling the unforeseen
situations efficiently
 Del Superior Govierno – was launched by Gov. Fernandez
del Forgueras on Aug. 8, 1811
- First issued publication that reported developments about
spain and Europe
- First newspaper that included in its layout the name, date
and place of its publication
 La Esperanza
- First daily newspaper
- Edited by Felipe Lacorte and Evaristo Calderon
- Lasted for only three years
 But gave way to the birth of other dailies such as ‘’La
Estrella’’ in 1847 and ‘’Diario de Manila’’ in 1846

HOW TO DO JOURNALISM?  Diario

Journalist’s Roles -Became the governments daily organ in 1852
 Objective reporters -Renamed to ‘’Boletin Official de Filipinas’’
 Investigators  El Catolico Filipino
 Entertainers - founded by Mariano Sevilla, tagalog publisher
Key terms in Objective reporting: - first Philippine religious newspaper which dealt with the
 Truth- facts are verified and explained problems of Filipinos
 Accuracy- from correct spelling of a name
 Objectivity- separation of facts from values to report only American Colonial Period
the facts  Roces ‘’Father of modern journalism’’
 Impartiality- being neutral  Manila tribune was established by Roces with Carlos P.
In summary: Romulo as editor
- Objective reporting is commonly understood to involve  Manila daily bulletin – ‘’oldest existing newspaper’’ by
separating verifiable facts from subjective feelings Carson Taylor
- Journalists use this to defend themselves from being accused ETHICS AND LAW OF THE PRESS
of bias or lack of professionalism  Privacy – publication is not necessarily justified simply
because the information is true especially in lustful
INVESTIGATIVE journalism details for public figures which are a great content in
- It is Reporting, through one’s work product and initiative, media publicity. It is also a right, and one which
matters if importance which some persons or conflicts with free speech
organisations which to keep secret  Fantasy – element of entertainment, legitimate goal of
Three basic elements: media content. Journalism may mix fantasy and truth,
- That the investigation be the work of the reporter, not a with resulting ethical dilemmas
report of an investigation made by someone else  Taste – the ethical issue is how far should one risk
- That the subject of the story involves something of shocking an audience’s sensitivities in order to correctly
reasonable importance to the reader or viewer and fully report the truth
- That the others are attempting to hide these matters from CANONS OF JOURNALISM
the public  Responsibility
JOURNALISM AS ENTERTAINERS  Freedom of the press
-‘’dumbing down process’’  Independence
 Lines between information and entertainment  Sincerity, truthfulness, accuracy
 Difference between serious and popular trends  Impartiality
 Cultural elitism  Fair play
 Decency
Entertaining subject matters: EXCESSES IN MEDIA
 Humor  Shooting from the hip
 Showbiz  Abuse the source-based stories
 Sex  Resorting to poetic license
 Crime  Imagined or manufactures stories
 Pictures  Conflict of interest
 Misquotation
HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE PRESS  Labelling

 1637 – Tomas Pinpin (father of Filipino printing), NEWS

launched the first Philippine newsletter called ‘’successors
felices’' (fortunate events), was written in Spanish and
contained a 14-page report on current events
 1799- Hojas Volantes or flying sheets. It was titled ‘’aviso al
publico’’ (notices to the public)
 A News story deals with a person, place or thing
 However, not every person, place, thing is news.
Different views on news
  Break from the normal flow of events, an interruption in
the expected.
 Most likely to be looked and accepted as the image of
reality
 News presents to society a mirror of its concern and
interest
ATTRIBUTES OF NEWS
 Timeliness
 Proximity
 Prominence
 Significance
 Oddity

News sources
 Traditional (government)
Office of the president and the various departments
The senate and the house of representatives
Comelec
Commission on audit and the Commission on Civil Service
Local governments
Military and financial institutions
 Non-Traditional (cause-oriented groups) Reaction Story- This usually based on an interview with a new
Bagong Alyansang Makabayan source.
Youth groups - Though the interviewer may or may not be directly
Labor groups involved in the previous news story, his views are
Campuses and universities
perceived to have news value.
- Kinds of reaction stories:
Method of News Gathering ❖ Reaction to a media report
- The actual coverage of an event ❖ Reaction to a proposal
- Interview with a prominent personality ❖ Reaction to an event
- Writing from documents, such as speeches, policy Objective Reporting- commonly understood to involve separating
statements, research reports, and other important papers verifiable facts from subjective feelings.
TYPES OF NEWS STORIES - Journalist use objectivity has been described as a
“strategic ritual” to distance them from stories; a pre-
emptive defence against the possibility of being accused
of bias or lack of professionalism.