Kumpulan Jurutera Perunding

PROJECT : PJE

JOB NO :
DESIGNED BY : ILLAHI
DATE : 6-Aug-19

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS ( HB HIGHWAY LOAD )

CULVERT NO. : 1.500m x 1.500m

INPUT DATA

DIMENSIONS OF R.C BOX

Internal width = 1500 mm A D

Internal height = 1500 mm
Wall thickness = 230 mm
Slab thickness = 300 mm
Effective width = 1730 mm
Effective height = 1800 mm B C

ASSUMPTIONS

Thickness of pavement = 110 mm

Unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of pavement = 24 kN/m3
Soil cover = 0 mm
::
LOADING

HB wheel load = 62.5 kN/wheel NORMALLY USE 25 UNIT HB = 45*2.5=62.5KN/WHEEL

Max.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.6
Min.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.2

PARTIAL FACTOR OF SAFETY

(BASED ON BS5400:PART 2)

Dead load (concrete) = 1.15

Superimposed dead load = 1.75
HB Highway load = 1.30
Earth pressure = 1.50
ULS for concrete = 1.10

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

fcu = 30 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
::

432201997.xls 1
 BOX CULVERT ANALYSIS

UNFACTORED LOAD

Self weight of top slab = 7.20 kN/m2

Weight of walls = 8.45 kN/m2
Weight of pavement = 2.64 kN/m2
Weight of soil cover = 0.00 kN/m2
HB Highway load = 84.17 kN/m2

*Note:
Dispersion of wheel load is taken as 2:1 in soil (BS5400 :pt 2)
For depth of fill 6.0m > depth > 1.8m , consider 2 axles only

L= 1.91 m (longitudinal dispersion)

B= 3.11 m (transverse dispersion)

ANALYSIS OF BOX
(A) CASE 1 : For max.BM and shear on wall & max. hogging
BM at corners, consider max. lateral earth
pressure acting on the wall in empty
condition.

P1 ------> ! A where
! P1, P2 = earth pressure
!
!
P2 ------> ! B

P1 = 23.18 kN/m2

P2 = 58.82 kN/m2

Top slab pressure = 134.56 kN/m2

Base pressure = 145.25 kN/m2

::
Loading is symmetrical about the vertical centreline
of the box.

-FEM(AD) = 33.56 kNm/m

FM(AD) = 50.34 kNm/m
FEM(AB) = 10.11 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 12.03 kNm/m
FM(AB) = 16.60 kNm/m
FEM(BC) = 36.23 kNm/m
FM(BC) = 54.34 kNm/m

Moment distribution (case 1):

distribution factor ,
DF(AD) = DF(BC) = 0.54 I(slab) = 2250000000
DF(AB) = DF(DC) = 0.46 I(wall) = 1013916667

Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.54 0.46 0.46 0.54
FEM -33.6 10.1 -12.0 36.2
12.6 10.9 -11.2 -13.0
-5.6 5.4
3.0 2.6 -2.5 -2.9
-1.3 1.3
0.7 0.6 -0.6 -0.7
-0.3 0.3
0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.2
---------------------------------------
-17.1 17.1 -19.5 19.5
---------------------------------------
::
(B) CASE 2 : For max.sagging moment in the top & bottom
slab, consider min.lateral earth pressure
acting on the box.

P1 = 7.73 kN/m2

P2 = 19.61 kN/m2

FEM(AB) = 3.37 kNm/m

FM(AB) = 5.53 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 4.01 kNm/m
Moment distribution (case 2):
Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.54 0.46 0.46 0.54
FEM -33.6 3.4 -4.0 36.2
16.2 14.0 -15.0 -17.3
-7.5 7.0
4.0 3.5 -3.3 -3.8
-1.6 1.7
0.9 0.8 -0.8 -0.9
-0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.2
---------------------------------------
-12.3 12.3 -14.1 14.1
---------------------------------------

432201997.xls 2
 DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE
Hogging moment at bottom corners = 19.49 kNm/m 19.49

Hogging moment at top corners = 17.15 kNm/m 17.15

Sagging moment at top slab = 38.05 kNm/m 38.05

Sagging moment at bottom slab = 40.26 kNm/m 40.26

Hogging moment of wall = 1.71 kNm/m -1.71

SHEAR
cover to rebar = 50 mm
size of rebar = 12 mm dia. for Slab.
12 mm dia.for Wall.
Critical shear section is at distance 2*d from the
face of support.
Shear in base slab :
Effective depth, d = 244 mm
Shear V = 38.05 kN/m
Shear in wall :
Effective depth, d = 174 mm R1" = 10.52
P3' = 49.65
Shear V = 18.44 kN/m P3" = 16.55

REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
Hogging Steel at Bottom Corners :
(i) Slab
K= 0.01091206 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 241.00 > 231.8
As(req)= 210 mm2/m
(ii) wall
K= 0.021457933 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 169.75 > 165.3
As(req)= 295 mm2/m

Hogging Steel at Top Corners :

(i) Slab
K= 0.009599529 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 241.37 > 231.8
As(req)= 185 mm2/m

(ii) wall
K= 0.018876917 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 170.27 > 165.3
As(req)= 259 mm2/m
::
Sagging Steel at Top Slab :
K= 0.021304116 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 238.08 > 231.8
As(req)= 410 mm2/m

Sagging Steel at Bottom Slab :

K= 0.022541801 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 237.73 > 231.8
As(req)= 434 mm2/m

Hogging Steel in Wall :

K= 0.001885974 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 173.63 > 165.3
As(req)= 26 mm2/m
Minimum Steel Ratio Required For Tension
& Distribution Steel = 0.15%
(i) Slab
As (min) = 366 mm2/m
(ii) Wall
As (min) = 261 mm2/m

REINFORCEMENT PROVISION
(A) SUPPORT STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 366 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 366 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 295 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

432201997.xls 3
 (B) MIDSPAN STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 250 c/c
As (req) = 410 mm2/m
As (prov) = 452 mm2/m
::
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 250 c/c
As (req) = 434 mm2/m
As (prov) = 452 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 261 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

SHEAR CHECK
(i) Base
Shear = 38.05 kN
Shear stress v = 0.16 N/mm2
ps = 0.15 %
vc = 0.41 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

(ii) Wall
Shear = 18.44 kN
Shear stress v = 0.11 N/mm2
ps = 0.22 %
vc = 0.50 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

432201997.xls 4
= 45*2.5=62.5KN/WHEEL

432201997.xls 5
mm4
mm4

432201997.xls 6
 Kumpulan Jurutera Perunding

PROJECT : PJE

JOB NO :
DESIGNED BY : ILLAHI
DATE : 6-Aug-19

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS ( HB HIGHWAY LOAD )

CULVERT NO. : 1500m x 1500 with soil cover

INPUT DATA

DIMENSIONS OF R.C BOX

Internal width = 1500 mm A D

Internal height = 1500 mm
Wall thickness = 230 mm
Slab thickness = 300 mm
Effective width = 1730 mm
Effective height = 1800 mm B C

ASSUMPTIONS

Thickness of pavement = 110 mm

Unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of pavement = 24 kN/m3
Soil cover = 1000 mm
::
LOADING

HB wheel load = 62.5 kN/wheel NORMALLY USE 25 UNIT HB = 45*2.5=112.5KN/WHEEL

Max.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.6
Min.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.2

PARTIAL FACTOR OF SAFETY

(BASED ON BS5400:PART 2)

Dead load (concrete) = 1.15

Superimposed dead load = 1.75
HB Highway load = 1.30
Earth pressure = 1.50
ULS for concrete = 1.10

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

fcu = 30 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
::

432201997.xls 7
 BOX CULVERT ANALYSIS

UNFACTORED LOAD

Self weight of top slab = 7.20 kN/m2

Weight of walls = 8.45 kN/m2
Weight of pavement = 2.64 kN/m2
Weight of soil cover = 20.00 kN/m2
HB Highway load = 41.81 kN/m2

*Note:
Dispersion of wheel load is taken as 2:1 in soil (BS5400 :pt 2)
For depth of fill 6.0m > depth > 1.8m , consider 2 axles only

L= 2.91 m (longitudinal dispersion)

B= 4.11 m (transverse dispersion)

ANALYSIS OF BOX
(A) CASE 1 : For max.BM and shear on wall & max. hogging
BM at corners, consider max. lateral earth
pressure acting on the wall in empty
condition.

P1 ------> ! A where
! P1, P2 = earth pressure
!
!
P2 ------> ! B

P1 = 42.98 kN/m2

P2 = 78.62 kN/m2

Top slab pressure = 99.27 kN/m2

Base pressure = 109.96 kN/m2

::
Loading is symmetrical about the vertical centreline
of the box.

-FEM(AD) = 24.76 kNm/m

FM(AD) = 37.14 kNm/m
FEM(AB) = 15.45 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 17.38 kNm/m
FM(AB) = 24.62 kNm/m
FEM(BC) = 27.42 kNm/m
FM(BC) = 41.14 kNm/m

Moment distribution (case 1):

distribution factor ,
DF(AD) = DF(BC) = 0.54 I(slab) = 2250000000
DF(AB) = DF(DC) = 0.46 I(wall) = 1013916667

Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.54 0.46 0.46 0.54
FEM -24.8 15.5 -17.4 27.4
5.0 4.3 -4.7 -5.4
-2.3 2.2
1.2 1.1 -1.0 -1.2
-0.5 0.5
0.3 0.2 -0.3 -0.3
-0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1
---------------------------------------
-18.2 18.2 -20.5 20.5
---------------------------------------
::
(B) CASE 2 : For max.sagging moment in the top & bottom
slab, consider min.lateral earth pressure
acting on the box.

P1 = 14.33 kN/m2

P2 = 26.21 kN/m2

FEM(AB) = 5.15 kNm/m

FM(AB) = 8.21 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 5.79 kNm/m
Moment distribution (case 2):
Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.54 0.46 0.46 0.54
FEM -24.8 5.2 -5.8 27.4
10.5 9.1 -10.0 -11.6
-5.0 4.6
2.7 2.3 -2.1 -2.4
-1.1 1.2
0.6 0.5 -0.5 -0.6
-0.3 0.2
0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1
---------------------------------------
-10.9 10.9 -12.6 12.6
---------------------------------------

432201997.xls 8
 DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE
Hogging moment at bottom corners = 20.53 kNm/m 20.53

Hogging moment at top corners = 18.19 kNm/m 18.19

Sagging moment at top slab = 26.29 kNm/m 26.29

Sagging moment at bottom slab = 28.50 kNm/m 28.50

Sagging moment of wall = 5.26 kNm/m 5.26

SHEAR
cover to rebar = 50 mm
size of rebar = 12 mm dia. for Slab.
12 mm dia.for Wall.
Critical shear section is at distance 2*d from the
face of support.
Shear in base slab :
Effective depth, d = 244 mm
Shear V = 28.81 kN/m
Shear in wall :
Effective depth, d = 174 mm R1" = 16.46
P3' = 69.45
Shear V = 27.09 kN/m P3" = 23.15

REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
Hogging Steel at Bottom Corners :
(i) Slab
K= 0.011495478 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 240.84 > 231.8
As(req)= 221 mm2/m
(ii) wall
K= 0.022605192 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 169.51 > 165.3
As(req)= 310 mm2/m

Hogging Steel at Top Corners :

(i) Slab
K= 0.010182947 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 241.21 > 231.8
As(req)= 196 mm2/m

(ii) wall
K= 0.020024176 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 170.04 > 165.3
As(req)= 275 mm2/m
::
Sagging Steel at Top Slab :
K= 0.014717983 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 239.94 > 231.8
As(req)= 283 mm2/m

Sagging Steel at Bottom Slab :

K= 0.015955668 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 239.59 > 231.8
As(req)= 307 mm2/m

Sagging Steel in Wall :

K= 0.005795542 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 172.87 > 165.3
As(req)= 80 mm2/m
Minimum Steel Ratio Required For Tension
& Distribution Steel = 0.15%
(i) Slab
As (min) = 366 mm2/m
(ii) Wall
As (min) = 261 mm2/m

REINFORCEMENT PROVISION
(A) SUPPORT STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 366 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 366 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 310 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

432201997.xls 9
 (B) MIDSPAN STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 366 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m
::
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 366 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 261 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

SHEAR CHECK
(i) Base
Shear = 28.81 kN
Shear stress v = 0.12 N/mm2
ps = 0.15 %
vc = 0.41 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

(ii) Wall
Shear = 27.09 kN
Shear stress v = 0.16 N/mm2
ps = 0.22 %
vc = 0.50 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

432201997.xls 10
= 45*2.5=112.5KN/WHEEL

432201997.xls 11
mm4
mm4

432201997.xls 12
 Kumpulan Jurutera Perunding

PROJECT : PJE

JOB NO :
DESIGNED BY : ILLAHI
DATE : 6-Aug-19

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS ( HB HIGHWAY LOAD )

CULVERT NO. : 1.950m x 3.500m with soil cover

INPUT DATA

DIMENSIONS OF R.C BOX

Internal width = 3500 mm A D

Internal height = 1950 mm
Wall thickness = 250 mm
Slab thickness = 350 mm
Effective width = 3750 mm
Effective height = 2300 mm B C

ASSUMPTIONS

Thickness of pavement = 110 mm

Unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of pavement = 24 kN/m3
Soil cover = 1000 mm
::
LOADING

HB wheel load = 62.5 kN/wheel NORMALLY USE 25 UNIT HB = 45*2.5=62.5KN/WHEEL

Max.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.6
Min.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.2

PARTIAL FACTOR OF SAFETY

(BASED ON BS5400:PART 2)

Dead load (concrete) = 1.15

Superimposed dead load = 1.75
HB Highway load = 1.30
Earth pressure = 1.50
ULS for concrete = 1.10

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

fcu = 30 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
::

432201997.xls 13
 BOX CULVERT ANALYSIS

UNFACTORED LOAD

Self weight of top slab = 8.40 kN/m2

Weight of walls = 5.85 kN/m2
Weight of pavement = 2.64 kN/m2
Weight of soil cover = 20.00 kN/m2
HB Highway load = 41.81 kN/m2

*Note:
Dispersion of wheel load is taken as 2:1 in soil (BS5400 :pt 2)
For depth of fill 6.0m > depth > 1.8m , consider 2 axles only

L= 2.91 m (longitudinal dispersion)

B= 4.11 m (transverse dispersion)

ANALYSIS OF BOX
(A) CASE 1 : For max.BM and shear on wall & max. hogging
BM at corners, consider max. lateral earth
pressure acting on the wall in empty
condition.

P1 ------> ! A where
! P1, P2 = earth pressure
!
!
P2 ------> ! B

P1 = 43.47 kN/m2

P2 = 89.01 kN/m2

Top slab pressure = 100.79 kN/m2

Base pressure = 108.19 kN/m2

::
Loading is symmetrical about the vertical centreline
of the box.

-FEM(AD) = 118.11 kNm/m

FM(AD) = 177.17 kNm/m
FEM(AB) = 27.20 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 31.21 kNm/m
FM(AB) = 43.80 kNm/m
FEM(BC) = 126.79 kNm/m
FM(BC) = 190.18 kNm/m

Moment distribution (case 1):

distribution factor ,
DF(AD) = DF(BC) = 0.46 I(slab) = 3572916667
DF(AB) = DF(DC) = 0.54 I(wall) = 1302083333

Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.46 0.54 0.54 0.46
FEM -118.1 27.2 -31.2 126.8
41.5 49.4 -51.9 -43.7
-26.0 24.7
11.9 14.1 -13.4 -11.3
-6.7 7.0
3.1 3.6 -3.8 -3.2
-1.9 1.8
0.9 1.0 -1.0 -0.8
---------------------------------------
-60.8 60.8 -67.8 67.8
---------------------------------------
::
(B) CASE 2 : For max.sagging moment in the top & bottom
slab, consider min.lateral earth pressure
acting on the box.

P1 = 14.49 kN/m2

P2 = 29.67 kN/m2

FEM(AB) = 9.07 kNm/m

FM(AB) = 14.60 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 10.40 kNm/m
Moment distribution (case 2):
Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.46 0.54 0.54 0.46
FEM -118.1 9.1 -10.4 126.8
49.8 59.2 -63.2 -53.2
-31.6 29.6
14.4 17.2 -16.1 -13.5
-8.0 8.6
3.7 4.4 -4.7 -3.9
-2.3 2.2
1.1 1.3 -1.2 -1.0
---------------------------------------
-49.1 49.1 -55.2 55.2
---------------------------------------

432201997.xls 14
 DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE
Hogging moment at bottom corners = 67.78 kNm/m 67.78

Hogging moment at top corners = 60.77 kNm/m 60.77

Sagging moment at top slab = 128.07 kNm/m 128.07

Sagging moment at bottom slab = 135.02 kNm/m 135.02

Hogging moment of wall = 20.47 kNm/m -20.47

SHEAR
cover to rebar = 50 mm
size of rebar = 12 mm dia. for Slab.
12 mm dia.for Wall.
Critical shear section is at distance 2*d from the
face of support.
Shear in base slab :
Effective depth, d = 294 mm
Shear V = 125.72 kN/m
Shear in wall :
Effective depth, d = 194 mm R1" = 22.48
P3' = 78.86
Shear V = 44.90 kN/m P3" = 26.29

REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
Hogging Steel at Bottom Corners :
(i) Slab
K= 0.026138499 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 285.20 > 279.3
As(req)= 606 mm2/m
(ii) wall
K= 0.060030484 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 180.06 < 184.3
As(req)= 941 mm2/m

Hogging Steel at Top Corners :

(i) Slab
K= 0.023436077 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 286.13 > 279.3
As(req)= 544 mm2/m

(ii) wall
K= 0.053824019 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 181.61 < 184.3
As(req)= 836 mm2/m
::
Sagging Steel at Top Slab :
K= 0.049387571 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 276.87 < 279.3
As(req)= 1156 mm2/m

Sagging Steel at Bottom Slab :

K= 0.052070637 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 275.87 < 279.3
As(req)= 1223 mm2/m

Hogging Steel in Wall :

K= 0.018131083 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 190.01 > 184.3
As(req)= 278 mm2/m
Minimum Steel Ratio Required For Tension
& Distribution Steel = 0.15%
(i) Slab
As (min) = 441 mm2/m
(ii) Wall
As (min) = 291 mm2/m

REINFORCEMENT PROVISION
(A) SUPPORT STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 200 c/c
As (req) = 544 mm2/m
As (prov) = 565 mm2/m

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

use Y 12 spacing 175 c/c
As (req) = 606 mm2/m
As (prov) = 646 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 12 spacing 100 c/c
As (req) = 941 mm2/m
As (prov) = 1131 mm2/m

432201997.xls 15
 (B) MIDSPAN STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 16 spacing 150 c/c
As (req) = 1156 mm2/m
As (prov) = 1340 mm2/m
::
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
use Y 16 spacing 150 c/c
As (req) = 1223 mm2/m
As (prov) = 1340 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 12 spacing 300 c/c
As (req) = 291 mm2/m
As (prov) = 377 mm2/m

SHEAR CHECK
(i) Base
Shear = 125.72 kN
Shear stress v = 0.43 N/mm2
ps = 0.22 %
vc = 0.44 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

(ii) Wall
Shear = 44.90 kN
Shear stress v = 0.23 N/mm2
ps = 0.58 %
vc = 0.67 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

432201997.xls 16
= 45*2.5=62.5KN/WHEEL

432201997.xls 17
mm4
mm4

432201997.xls 18
 Kumpulan Jurutera Perunding

PROJECT : PJE

JOB NO :
DESIGNED BY : ILLAHI
DATE : 6-Aug-19

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS ( HB HIGHWAY LOAD )

CULVERT NO. : 1.950m x 3.500m

INPUT DATA

DIMENSIONS OF R.C BOX

Internal width = 3500 mm A D

Internal height = 1950 mm
Wall thickness = 250 mm
Slab thickness = 350 mm
Effective width = 3750 mm
Effective height = 2300 mm B C

ASSUMPTIONS

Thickness of pavement = 110 mm

Unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of pavement = 24 kN/m3
Soil cover = 0 mm
::
LOADING

HB wheel load = 62.5 kN/wheel NORMALLY USE 25 UNIT HB = 45*2.5=112.5KN/WHEEL

Max.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.6
Min.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.2

PARTIAL FACTOR OF SAFETY

(BASED ON BS5400:PART 2)

Dead load (concrete) = 1.15

Superimposed dead load = 1.75
HB Highway load = 1.30
Earth pressure = 1.50
ULS for concrete = 1.10

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

fcu = 30 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
::

432201997.xls 19
 BOX CULVERT ANALYSIS

UNFACTORED LOAD

Self weight of top slab = 8.40 kN/m2

Weight of walls = 5.85 kN/m2
Weight of pavement = 2.64 kN/m2
Weight of soil cover = 0.00 kN/m2
HB Highway load = 84.17 kN/m2

*Note:
Dispersion of wheel load is taken as 2:1 in soil (BS5400 :pt 2)
For depth of fill 6.0m > depth > 1.8m , consider 2 axles only

L= 1.91 m (longitudinal dispersion)

B= 3.11 m (transverse dispersion)

ANALYSIS OF BOX
(A) CASE 1 : For max.BM and shear on wall & max. hogging
BM at corners, consider max. lateral earth
pressure acting on the wall in empty
condition.

P1 ------> ! A where
! P1, P2 = earth pressure
!
!
P2 ------> ! B

P1 = 23.67 kN/m2

P2 = 69.21 kN/m2

Top slab pressure = 136.08 kN/m2

Base pressure = 143.48 kN/m2

::
Loading is symmetrical about the vertical centreline
of the box.

-FEM(AD) = 159.46 kNm/m

FM(AD) = 239.20 kNm/m
FEM(AB) = 18.47 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 22.48 kNm/m
FM(AB) = 30.71 kNm/m
FEM(BC) = 168.14 kNm/m
FM(BC) = 252.20 kNm/m

Moment distribution (case 1):

distribution factor ,
DF(AD) = DF(BC) = 0.46 I(slab) = 3572916667
DF(AB) = DF(DC) = 0.54 I(wall) = 1302083333

Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.46 0.54 0.54 0.46
FEM -159.5 18.5 -22.5 168.1
64.4 76.6 -79.1 -66.6
-39.5 38.3
18.1 21.5 -20.8 -17.5
-10.4 10.7
4.7 5.6 -5.8 -4.9
-2.9 2.8
1.3 1.6 -1.5 -1.3
---------------------------------------
-70.9 70.9 -77.9 77.9
---------------------------------------
::
(B) CASE 2 : For max.sagging moment in the top & bottom
slab, consider min.lateral earth pressure
acting on the box.

P1 = 7.89 kN/m2

P2 = 23.07 kN/m2

FEM(AB) = 6.16 kNm/m

FM(AB) = 10.24 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 7.49 kNm/m
Moment distribution (case 2):
Joints A B
AD AB BA BC
DF 0.46 0.54 0.54 0.46
FEM -159.5 6.2 -7.5 168.1
70.1 83.3 -87.2 -73.4
-43.6 41.6
19.9 23.7 -22.6 -19.0
-11.3 11.8
5.2 6.1 -6.4 -5.4
-3.2 3.1
1.5 1.7 -1.7 -1.4
---------------------------------------
-62.8 62.8 -68.9 68.9
---------------------------------------

432201997.xls 20
 DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE
Hogging moment at bottom corners = 77.89 kNm/m 77.89

Hogging moment at top corners = 70.88 kNm/m 70.88

Sagging moment at top slab = 176.35 kNm/m 176.35

Sagging moment at bottom slab = 183.31 kNm/m 183.31

Hogging moment of wall = 43.67 kNm/m -43.67

SHEAR
cover to rebar = 50 mm
size of rebar = 12 mm dia. for Slab.
12 mm dia.for Wall.
Critical shear section is at distance 2*d from the
face of support.
Shear in base slab :
Effective depth, d = 294 mm
Shear V = 166.72 kN/m
Shear in wall :
Effective depth, d = 194 mm R1" = 14.89
P3' = 59.06
Shear V = 32.28 kN/m P3" = 19.69

REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
Hogging Steel at Bottom Corners :
(i) Slab
K= 0.030036503 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 283.84 > 279.3
As(req)= 697 mm2/m
(ii) wall
K= 0.06898276 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 177.77 < 184.3
As(req)= 1095 mm2/m

Hogging Steel at Top Corners :

(i) Slab
K= 0.027334081 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 284.78 > 279.3
As(req)= 634 mm2/m

(ii) wall
K= 0.062776294 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 179.36 < 184.3
As(req)= 987 mm2/m
::
Sagging Steel at Top Slab :
K= 0.068009612 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 269.79 < 279.3
As(req)= 1633 mm2/m

Sagging Steel at Bottom Slab :

K= 0.070692677 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 268.74 < 279.3
As(req)= 1704 mm2/m

Hogging Steel in Wall :

K= 0.038679304 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 185.27 > 184.3
As(req)= 592 mm2/m
Minimum Steel Ratio Required For Tension
& Distribution Steel = 0.15%
(i) Slab
As (min) = 441 mm2/m
(ii) Wall
As (min) = 291 mm2/m

REINFORCEMENT PROVISION
(A) SUPPORT STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 150 c/c
As (req) = 634 mm2/m
As (prov) = 754 mm2/m

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

use Y 16 spacing 100 c/c
As (req) = 697 mm2/m
As (prov) = 2010 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 12 spacing 100 c/c
As (req) = 1095 mm2/m
As (prov) = 1131 mm2/m

432201997.xls 21
 (B) MIDSPAN STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 16 spacing 100 c/c
As (req) = 1633 mm2/m
As (prov) = 2010 mm2/m
::
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
use Y 16 spacing 100 c/c
As (req) = 1704 mm2/m
As (prov) = 2010 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 12 spacing 100 c/c
As (req) = 592 .
As (prov) = 1131 mm2/m

SHEAR CHECK
(i) Base
Shear = 166.72 kN
Shear stress v = 0.57 N/mm2
ps = 0.68 %
vc = 0.64 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

(ii) Wall
Shear = 32.28 kN
Shear stress v = 0.17 N/mm2
ps = 0.58 %
vc = 0.67 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

432201997.xls 22
= 45*2.5=112.5KN/WHEEL

432201997.xls 23
mm4
mm4

432201997.xls 24