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Arranged by :
Jonas Suhardi
NIM : D700070001
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
Internal combustion engine is a is called the volumetric efficiency of the
device converting the energy of a fuel- engine.
air mixture burning within a combustion Basically the previous system on
chamber into mechanical energy. A automobile combustion is complex. To
mixture of fuel and air, or just air in a generate maximum power at low RPM
diesel engine, is forced by atmospheric is required a different setting than if we
(or greater) pressure into the cylinder want to generate maximum power at
through the intake port than the intake high RPM. The engine setting for low
valve is closed. The volume of air/fuel RPM will reduce the engine’s power
mixture that is drawn into the cylinder and torque while run in high RPM.
compared to the volume of the cylinder Otherwise the engine setting for high
RPM will cause poor engine (101o) produces higher maximum
performance while run in low RPM. power at 5500 rpm-9000 rpm than the
i-VTEC (Intelligent-Variable Valve change of LSA widened camshaft
Timing and Lift Electronic Control) is a (107o). LSA widened camshaft will
valve train system developed by produces higher maximum power at
Honda to improve the volumetric 4000 rpm – 5500 rpm than standard
efficiency of a four-stroke internal camshaft.
combustion engine. The i-VTEC
system uses two camshaft profiles and FUNDAMENTAL THEORY
electronically selects between the 1. Four Stroke Engine Work
profiles.
Based on this background, it is
necessary to understand the effect of
active i-VTEC and non-active i-VTEC
to the gasoline engines performance of
Honda CRV.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Sanjaya, Danil (2012), his research Figure 1 four stroke operating Cycle
about the comparison analysis (Source : www. Substech.com)
performance of Honda Jazz using
active vtec and non-active vtec system a. Intake Stroke
engine. His research concluded data Intake valve is open and exhaust
from analysis torque and power. The valve is close. The piston descends
highest engine torque can be reached from the top of the cylinder to the
when the engine use active VTEC bottom of the cylinder, reducing the
system. Maximum torque from engine pressure inside the cylinder. A mixture
use active VTEC is 99.8 FtLb at 4990 of fuel and air, or just air in a diesel
rpm and The highest engine power can engine, is forced by atmospheric (or
be reached when the engine use greater) pressure into the cylinder
active VTEC system is 111 Hp at 6020 through the intake port. The volume of
rpm. air/fuel mixture that is drawn into the
Siswanto,Y.D (2012), his research cylinder, relative to the volume of the
study about the effect of variety lobe cylinder is called, the volumetric
separation angle camshaft to engine efficiency of the engine.
power. The research use LSA b. Compression Stroke
standard 104o, LSA widened camshaft Both intake and exhaust valves
107o and LSA narrowed camshaft 101o closed. The piston returns to the top of
at different engine speed. Based on the cylinder compressing the air, or
the data analysis, it concluded that the fuel-air mixture into the combustion
change of LSA narrowed camshaft chamber of the cylinder head.
c. Expansion Stroke of an engine performance. Both torque
While the piston is close to Top and power are functions of engine
Dead Center, the compressed air–fuel speed.
mixture in a gasoline engine is ignited, At low speed, torque increases as
usually by a spark plug, The resulting engine speed increases. As engine
massive pressure from the combustion speed increases further, torque
of the compressed fuel-air mixture reaches a maximum called Maximum
forces the piston back down toward brake torque (MBT) and then
bottom dead center. decreases as shown in Figure 2.6.
d. Exhaust Stroke Torque decreases because the engine
During the exhaust stroke, exhaust is unable to ingest a full charge of air
valve open. This action evacuates the at higher speeds.
burnt products of combustion from the Indicated power increases with
cylinder by expelling the spent fuel air speed, while brake power increases to
mixture out through the exhaust valve. a maximum and then decreases at
higher speeds. This is because friction
2. Engine Performance Parameter losses increase with speed and
a. Torque (T) become the dominant factor at very
Torque is the twisting force or high speeds.
energy that an engine produces.
Torque is multiplication between force
and radius that can be formulated as
below:
where:
F = force (N)
= lever length (m)
b. Power
Power is work done that
produced by the engine in the
experiment, which can be
formulated as bellow (Willard W. Figure 2 Engine Performance
Pulkrabek, 2001): Curves
(Source: J.B Heywood. Internal
̇ combustion engine fundamentals)
where:
ma = mass of air into the engine
ρa = air density
Figure 4 i-VTEC system diagram
Vd = displacement volume
(Source: Honda CR-V Service Manual
Book)
5. Valve Timing
Valve timing is a system that
7. Mechanism of VTEC
developed for measuring valve
The mechanism has 3 cams
operation in relation to crankshaft
with different timing and lift profile.
position (in degrees), particularly the
This mechanism operated is like this:
points when the valves open, how long
they remain open, and when they
close.
Hold
The ECM calculates the target
timing angle according to the traveling
Figure 6. VTEC Power graphic state to perform control as described
(Source:www.howstuffwork.com/ below.
engine-valve-technology)
8. Mechanism of VTC
Advance
Data Record
Data Analysis
Conclusion
ANALYSIS
1. Engine Torque
2. Engine Power
The highest power generated by engine give smaller power value than
active i-vtec system is 181.5 Hp at the torque based on manual book
6910 Rpm and the highest power because the engine used for testing is
generated by non-active i-vtec is 167.7 not new engine so engine performance
Hp at 7020 Rpm. From the graphic, it is decreasing.
shows at low and high rotation, active
i-vtec system will resulting higher CONCLUSION
power than non-active i-vtec system. a. The maximum torque from engine
As the result, the mean average use active i-VTEC is 211.7 Nm at
value of power that resulted from 4900 Rpm and maximum torque
engine using active i-VTEC is 118.85 from engine non-active i-VTEC is
Hp. On other hand, the mean average 202.8 Nm at 5350 Rpm. The engine
value of power that resulted from torque using active i-VTEC is
engine non-active i-VTEC is 107.75 Hp. 3.67% higher than non-active i-
The engine power using active i-VTEC VTEC engine. Torque will increase
is 9.33% higher than non-active i-VTEC if the engine using active i-VTEC
engine. This occurs because the active system.
i-VTEC is advancing the intake valves b. The maximum power from engine
closing time and opened the intake use active i-VTEC system is 181.5
valves for longer duration based on Hp at 6910 Rpm and maximum
engine loads. The volumetric efficiency power from engine non-active i-
is improved by increasing amount of air VTEC system is 167.7 Hp at 7020
that inhaled to combustion chamber Rpm. The engine power using
which resulting to increasing power. active i-VTEC is 9.33% higher than
The highest power that can be achieved non-active i-VTEC engine. Power
based on manual book is 190 PS or will increase if the engine using
187.4 Hp at 7000 Rpm. The tested active i-VTEC system.
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