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JEFFREY ORTIZ
66 Sample Meal Structures 1650/2150/2650/3150 Calories, Meal Frequencies: 3-6 per day
CONTENTS | 01
DISCLAIMER
Jeffrey Ortiz 'Nutrition and Diet Program' offers fitness, health, and
nutritional information designed for educational purposes only. You should
not rely on this information as a substitute for, nor does it replace
professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any
concerns regarding your health, always consult with your physician or health-
care professional. Do not disregard, avoid or delay obtaining medical or
health related advice from your health-care professional because of
something you may have read on this, or any book/program.
DISCLAIMER | 02
Introduction
INTRODUCTION | 03
MACRONUTRIENTS
IMPORTANCE OF MACRONUTRIENTS
Macronutrients, usually abbreviated as macros, are vital components required by the body
for energy and growth. These nutrients are needed in large amounts, compromising the
calories found in foods, supplying the energy required. They're extremely important as
they nourish the body's activities and functions
The human body seeks energy from these macro sources for fuel. If you aren't supplied
with these key nutrients, the body will begin to break itself down. It will turn to your
muscles and tissues for energy. Proper nourishment is required to sustain the human
body, its functions, and physical performances, especially during weight loss phases.
CALORIC VALUES
There are three macronutrients which are used as primary sources of energy;
carbohydrates, protein, and fats.
MACRONUTRIENTS | 04
protein
Protein is substantially required to sustain the body’s development and growth.
It’s responsible, but not limited, for building, maintaining, and repairing muscle tissues
& cells.
During digestion, proteins are broken down as amino acids, essentially becoming the
building blocks of tissues. If an individual doesn't eat sufficient amounts of protein, the
human body will supply itself f rom priorly stored amino acids, causing a reduction in
lean body mass.
Animal and plant-based protein sources consist of twenty different amino acids, varying
according to its point of supply. All twenty must be present in our bodies so it can
maintain, build, and repair itself. If any are missing, your body will have trouble building
specific structures such as muscle, hair, enzymes, antibodies, and red blood cells.
Nine are classified as essential amino acids; histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine,
methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
They're vital to human health but our bodies can’t self generate them so they must be
obtained through nutrition.
PROTEIN | 05
COMPLEMENTARY PROTEINS
Several incomplete sources you can pair to supply yourself with all essential amino
acids are; beans with grains/nuts/seeds, legumes with grains, nuts/seeds with
legumes, and vegetables with grains/nuts/seeds.
FALAFEL/HUMMUS ON
CRACKERS WHOLE WHEAT PITA
WITH HUMMUS
RICE AND BEANS CEREAL WITH PEANUT BUTTER ON
ALMOND MILK WHOLE WHEAT BREAD
IMPORTANCE OF PROTEIN
Many benefits arise when compromising adequate amounts of protein in your nutrition.
6. Vital for bone health. The human body regularly seeks calcium
and protein for structural bone maintenance.
PROTEIN | 06
PROTEIN SOURCES
PROTEIN | 07
CARBS
Carbohydrates, also known as carbs, supplies the body with large amounts of glucose
as one of the primary sources of energy.
Glucose is a simple form of sugar which converts to energy to aid body functions and
physical activity. The body stores any extra glucose as glycogen. As blood sugar levels
decrease, glycogen will replenish it to sustain the body’s energy demands. When
storage levels become fully supplied, those extra carbs will be converted and stored as
fat.
There are two types of carbohydrates, divided according to their chemical structures.
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES
Simple carbohydrates are digested much quicker than complex carbs due to their shorter
chemical structures, consisting solely on one-to-two sugar molecules. Since the body
breaks them down faster, this results in instant energy rushes upon consumption.
However, many sources are known to be low in nutrients, fiber, and tend to have added
sugar.
CARBOHYDRATES | 08
Natural simple carbohydrates provide quick energy boosts and are filled with vitamins
& minerals. They are the healthier option of the two categorized simple carb sources as
they contain natural occurring sugars such as f ructose and lactose. Fructose is naturally
found in foods such as whole f ruits, while lactose is found in milk and dairy products.
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES
The second type of carbohydrate, complex carbs, provide a higher nutritional value than
simple carbohydrate sources, as they're rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
Their chemical structures consist of three or more sugar molecules, creating a more
complex chain, resulting in a slower digestive process. Sugar levels won’t spike as fast
because they take longer to digest, causing a steady release of energy. If properly
distributed in nutrition, it will help sustain you throughout the day.
Processed, or refined grains, were initially whole grain sources. Eventually they are
milled and stripped out of their wheat bran and germ to increase shelf life. This process
removes many key nutrients such as vitamins, fiber, and iron. Some examples of refined
grain products include white bread, white rice, baked foods with white our, and corn
tortillas.
CARBOHYDRATES | 09
FIBER
Dietary fiber is an undigestible element that cleans the digestive system, attainable
through certain sources of carbohydrates, whole grains, beans, f ruits, and vegetables. It
helps reduce the risk of health complications such as diabetes, cancer, constipation,
diarrhea, hemorrhoids, and heart problems.
Soluble fiber assists with weight management as it aids satiety and the 'fullness feeling'.
It balances LDL cholesterol, lowering overall cholesterol, reducing risk of heart diseases.
Blood sugar and insulin are regulated which can help people control diabetes. Food
sources include oats, oat-bran, nuts, flax seeds, beans, peas, and f ruits & vegetables such
as apples, oranges, strawberries, carrots and potatoes.
Insoluble fiber helps prevent constipation and infections in the digestive system,
increasing intestine flow. It maintains and balances acidic levels in the intestines,
helping prevent colon cancer. Food sources include seeds, nuts, whole wheat, wheat
bran, brown rice, legumes, f ruit with skin, and leafy & raw vegetables.
Daily recommended intake: 20-40g of fiber. Intakes may be higher according to calorie
consumption. Remain properly hydrated to prevent side effects such as excess intestinal
gas.
CARBOHYDRATES | 10
fats
Fat receives an abundant amount of criticism as it’s often correlated with weight gain.
In reality, fat is an essential nutrient needed for energy, general health, and proper
bodily functions. It assists and plays a crucial role in building body tissue and cells.
They help the body absorb various micronutrients such as vitamin A, D, and E, as well
as maintain healthy skin and hair. Fat also protects our bones and internal organs by
insulating them, acting as a cushion, all while regulating body temperature.
Out of all three macronutrients, fat is the densest. As a result, many people tend to
over-consume foods containing fats, placing them in caloric surpluses, ultimately being
one of the main reasons as to why people gain weight. As a matter of fact, consuming
an excess amount of any macronutrient will cause an increase in body weight!
There are four types of dietary fats; saturated fats, monounsaturated fats,
polyunsaturated fats, and trans fats.
Even though all fats are chemically composed with chains of carbon atoms, they
differentiate in their chemical structures. Carbon atoms in saturated fats are fully
covered with hydrogen atoms, making them solid at room temperature. In
unsaturated fats, carbon atoms are less saturated with hydrogen atoms, resulting these
fats to be liquid at room temperature. As per trans fats, hydrogen is added to make
them solid at room temperature, helping foods last longer.
FATS | 11
SATURATED FATS
TRANS FATS
Lastly, trans fat is considered to be the “unhealthiest” and a widely known issue.
Negative health effects include the increase in LDL cholesterol, decrease in HDL
cholesterol, contributing to heart disease and strokes. Although you can find small
traces of naturally occurring trans fat in foods like meat and dairy products, artificial
trans fat is the main concern.
Food manufacturers use artificial trans fat in foods to increase their shelf life, improving
taste and texture. Artificial fats contains hydrogenated oil, formed when hydrogen is
added, to make them solid at room temperature.
FATS | 12
Alcohol
A fourth crucial nutrient, regularly neglected due to its uncommon presence in foods,
is alcohol. Each gram of alcohol is equivalent to 7 calories.
TRACKING ALCOHOL
As alcohol supplies no nutritional value, you can't just track via databases such as
MyFitnessPal, and expect no macro responsibilities. However, you can log it by extracting
calories f rom your fats and/or carbohydrate goals.
You'll then deduct the value f rom your daily macronutrient goal.
If you're having a mixed drink, or beer, you can track the added calories separately.
This procedure can be applied to mixed drinks as long as the volume of the drink's
contents is known. You may also compute and account the whole mixed beverage as a
carb source.
It's important to note that large intakes of alcoholic beverages can hinder your
fitness progress. I highly recommend avoiding alcohol for several weeks to
experience optimal fat loss rates. If you're going to consume alcoholic beverages,
stick to straight liquor. Have them neat, or on-the-rocks, for calorie control.
ALCOHOL | 13
ALCOHOL CALORIE CONTENT
In the table below, alcoholic beverages are listed alongside estimated calorie intake and
volume. This list can be used to approximate calorie consumption, which you can further
convert as a macronutrient source.
Contents and volume will vary, especially when ordering drinks at public outings.
Whiskey 1 oz 70
Rum 1 oz 65
Vodka 1 oz 60
Tequila 1 oz 65
Gin 1 oz 75
Martini 3 oz 185
Margarita 3 oz 125
Mojito 6 oz 160
Pina Colada 6 oz 330
Cosmopolitan 3 oz 160
Daiquiri 2 oz 112
Manhattan 3 oz 140
Whiskey Sour 3 oz 135
ALCOHOL | 14
water
Water is fundamental for overall health and physical performance.
It plays countless roles correlated with cell production, energy balance, temperature
regulation, maintenance of body fluids, transportation of oxygen/nutrients, while
maintaining proper organ functions.
WATER DEFICIENCY
Inadequate amounts of water intake can lead to negative physical performances and
heat strokes due to the decrease in the body's ability to transport oxygen and blood.
Training sessions will be impacted as muscles aren't getting proper oxygen and blood
supplies, ultimately decreasing energy levels. Body temperatures will rise as the heart
works harder to sustain blood flow, intensifying your cardiovascular system, leading to
heat injuries and dehydration.
HYDRATION
WATER | 15
HOW MUCH WATER SHOULD I DRINK?
On average, it's widely researched that adults should consume 80 to 120 ounces of
water per day. That's equivalent to 10 to 15 cups, 2.5 to 3.75 quartz, and 0.6 to nearly 1
gallon of water.
To keep things simple, drinking at least five 16.9 fluid ounce bottled water per day will
maintain the body hydrated.
Replace any sodas, sports drinks, and any caloric beverages to spare calories. Try to
make water your main "beverage" source, drinking it alongside your meals. Intake
water prior, during, and post training sessions to maintain the body hydrated. If
workouts are very intense you may look into adding electrolytes, providing extra energy
boosts, but usually water will do the job.
People tend to avoid water due to its bland taste. Add f ruits, vegetables, and herbs to
to enhance flavor. By doing so, you'll also increase its nutritional value, supplying
yourself with vitamins and minerals.
Lastly, drink water as soon as you wake up on an empty stomach. Start your day
with 16 ounces of water. This will kickstart your metabolism, cleanse out body toxins,
improve digestion, assist with weight loss, and most importantly rehydrate the body
after the long fasting period while asleep.
WATER | 16
MICRONUTRIENTS
Micronutrients consist of vitamins and minerals, needed in small quantities for optimal
health, body functions, and proper growth & development.
A lack of consumption will impact various aspects of your health such as bone health, energy
levels, metabolism, brain function, and immune system. Studies have shown that deficiencies
will increase the risk of several complications such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease.
VITAMINS
Vitamins, organic nutrients made by plants and animals, are essential to our bodies for
normal growth, development, cell function, and energy exertion. They are critical during
several chemical reactions which result in energy and tissue production, during the
breakdown of macronutrients.
Vitamins are divided into two categories; water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins.
WATER-SOLUBLE FAT-SOLUBLE
The human body requires 13 essential vitamins in order to remain healthy. It can’t
produce a wide majority of them, therefore must be consumed through foods or dietary
supplements. The few that can be self produced are vitamin D, through sun exposure,
and vitamins K and B7 (biotin), through bacteria that live in the intestines.
MICRONUTRIENTS | 17
ESSENTIAL VITAMINS
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCES, BENEFITS, AND DIETARY SOURCES
VITAMIN A
FAT SOLUBLE
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE . 900 mcg (M), 700 mcg (W).
UPPER LIMIT . 3,000 mcg.
BENEFITS . Enhances vision, bone growth, teeth and immune health. Maintains skin and
tissues healthy. Assists in the production of new cells.
DIETARY SOURCES . Dairy products, whole milk, eggs, butter, cheese, yogurt, chicken, beef,
shrimp, fish, leaf vegetables, spinach, carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins,
winter squash, fruits; cantaloupe, mangoes, peaches.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause dry skin, poor appetite, nausea, fatigue, bone/joint pain, and
headaches.
VITAMIN C
WATER SOLUBLE
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE . 90 mg (M), 75 mg (W).
UPPER LIMIT . 2,000 mg.
BENEFITS . Promotes healthy teeth/gums/eye sight. Strengthens immune system and
maintains healthy tissues. May decrease the risk of several cancers found in
the mouth, stomach and breast.
DIETARY SOURCES . Citrus fruits, fruit juices, strawberries, berries, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli,
cauliflower, brussel sprouts, red bell peppers, green bell peppers, spinach,
cabbage.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause nausea and diarrhea.
VITAMIN D
FAT SOLUBLE
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE . 15 mcg (M/W). 71+ years old: 20 mcg.
UPPER LIMIT . 50 mcg.
BENEFITS . Helps the body absorb calcium, strengthening teeth and bones.
Supports immune system function by fighting off infections.
DIETARY SOURCES . Milk, cheese, eggs, cereals, fatty fish, salmon, cod liver oil.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, constipation, diarrhea,
bone loss and kidney failure.
VITAMIN E
FAT SOLUBLE
.
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE 15 mg (M), 15 mg (W).
UPPER LIMIT . 1,000 mg.
BENEFITS . Protects cells from damage, acting as an antioxidant. Assists in maintaining
a healthy immune system.
DIETARY SOURCES . Whole grains, nuts such as almonds & hazelnuts, peanut butter, sunflower
seeds, leafy green vegetables, vegetables oils (canola & soybean).
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause blood clotting.
VITAMIN K
FAT SOLUBLE
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE . 120 mg (M), 90 mg (W)
UPPER LIMIT . Not Established
BENEFITS . Plays a major role in blood clotting, activating important proteins & calcium.
Used to treat weak bones & build strong cardiovascular health.
DIETARY SOURCES . Eggs, green vegetables, broccoli, cabbage, spinach, sprouts,
collards, kale, liver.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause anemia or liver damage.
VITAMINS | 18
ESSENTIAL VITAMINS
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCES, BENEFITS, AND DIETARY SOURCES
VITAMIN B1 | THIAMINE
WATER SOLUBLE
.
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE 1.2 mg (M), 1.1 mg (W)
UPPER LIMIT . Not Established
BENEFITS . Assists in the conversion of food into energy. Vital in maintaining a healthy
heart and proper nerve/brain function, preventing memory loss and nerve
inflammation. Helps prevent kidney stones.
DIETARY SOURCES . Whole grain products, brown rice, pork chops, ham, lamb, liver, fish, green
peas, beans, nuts, seeds, soy milk, watermelon, acorn squash.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause high blood pressure.
VITAMIN B2 | RIBOFLAVIN
WATER SOLUBLE
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE . 1.3 mg (M), 1.1 mg (W)
UPPER LIMIT . Not Established
BENEFITS . Assists in the conversion of food into energy. Needed to maintain healthy
skin, hair, eyes, brain, muscle, immune and nervous system.
DIETARY SOURCES . Dairy products, milk, eggs, cheese, yogurt, whole grain products, meats, liver,
leafy vegetables, mushrooms, cereal.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause urine discoloration.
VITAMIN B3 | NIACIN
WATER SOLUBLE
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE . 16 mg (M), 14 mg (W)
UPPER LIMIT . 35 mg
BENEFITS . Assists in converting food into energy. Plays a key role in maintaining proper
digestive & nervous system functions. Helps with heart disease, indigestion,
high blood pressure, blood cholesterol, skin disorders, migraines, & diarrhea.
DIETARY SOURCES . Poultry, beef, fish, tuna, salmon, organ meats, eggs, whole grains, potatoes,
mushrooms, peanuts, peanut butter.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause skin ushing and liver disease.
VITAMIN B6 | PYRIDOXINE
WATER SOLUBLE
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE . 1.3 mg (M), 1.3 mg (W). 51+ years old: 1.7 mg (M), 1.5 mg (W).
UPPER LIMIT . 3,000 mcg
BENEFITS . Assists in forming hemoglobin, improving blood circulation. Supports
nervous & immune systems while improving appetite & sleep.
DIETARY SOURCES . Poultry, meat, fish, tofu, eggs, chickpeas, potatoes, nuts, sunflower seeds,
spinach, soy beans, non citrus fruits: bananas/watermelons.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause hands/feet tingling sensations and numbness.
VITAMINS | 19
ESSENTIAL VITAMINS
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCES, BENEFITS, AND DIETARY SOURCES
VITAMIN B7 | BIOTIN
WATER SOLUBLE
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE . 130 mcg (M), 30 mcg (W).
UPPER LIMIT . Not Established.
BENEFITS . Assists in the conversion of food into energy. Promotes healthy hair, skin,
nails, and bones. Improves metabolism, regulates blood sugar levels, and
helps in the production & breakdown of fatty acids.
DIETARY SOURCES . Whole grains, poultry meat, fish, non fat milk, yogurt, egg yolks, sweet
potatoes, peanuts, almonds.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause skin rashes and itchiness.
VITAMIN B9 | FOLATE
WATER SOLUBLE
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE . 400 mcg (M), 400 mcg (W)
UPPER LIMIT . 1,000 mcg
BENEFITS . Essential for the development of new cell creation and a healthy central
nervous system in embryos. Helps prevents birth defects. Can reduce risk
of heart and colon cancer.
DIETARY SOURCES . Asparagus, broccoli, spinach, okra, turnip greens, black eyed peas, tomato
juice, orange juice, fortified grains/cereals.
EXTREME DOSAGES . Can cause anemia and hide signs of B12 deficiency.
DIETARY MINERALS
Dietary minerals are inorganic substances that naturally exist in water and soil.
Plants absorb these nutrients which are later consumed by humans and animals.
They are significant to the human body ensuring certain bodily functions are properly
operating such as; energy production, maintenance of teeth and bones, healthy
immune function, regulation of fluid balance, and proper muscle & nerve functionality.
Essential dietary minerals are divided and classified into macrominerals and
microminerals.
Macrominerals are required in larger quantities, greater than 100 mg per day.
Microminerals are needed in amounts less than 100 mg per day.
MINERALS | 20
ESSENTIAL MACROMINERALS
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKES, FUNCTIONS, AND DIETARY SOURCES
CALCIUM
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 1,000mg (M), 1,000mg (W)
FUNCTIONS . Required for proper nervous system and muscle function. Provides healthy
structure of teeth and bones. Maintains normal blood clotting and vessel
contraction.
DIETARY SOURCES . Dairy products, milk products, salmon, sardines, sesame seeds, broccoli,
cabbage, leafy vegetables, tofu, kale.
CHLORIDE
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 2.3g (M/W). 2.0g (M/W): Ages 51-70. 1.8g (M/W): ages 71+.
FUNCTIONS . Maintains the balance of fluids and regulates the acid-base balance.
Assists in protein digestion.
DIETARY SOURCES . Salt, celery, seaweeds, tomatoes, lettuce, olives.
MAGNESIUM
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 400mg (M) 310mg (W)
FUNCTIONS . Required for healthy teeth and bones, proper muscle and nerve function,
blood pressure regulation, and energy production.
DIETARY SOURCES . Almonds, peanuts, cashews, dairy products, milk, yogurt, meat, fish,
green vegetables, spinach, avocado.
PHOSPHORUS
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 700 mg (M), 700mg (W).
FUNCTIONS . Essential for teeth and bone development. Needed for the growth and
maintenance of tissues and cells.
DIETARY SOURCES . Meats, poultry, fish, salmon, turkey, eggs, milk, yogurt, grains.
POTASSIUM
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 4,700mg (M), 4,700mg (W).
FUNCTIONS . Required for normal cell function and cell fluid balance. Assists in nerve
transmission, heart activity, and muscle/kidney functions.
DIETARY SOURCES . Legumes, fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, poultry, milk, yogurts, nuts, potatoes.
SODIUM
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 1,500-2300 mg (M/W).
FUNCTIONS . Regulates the body’s fluid balance, blood volume, and blood pressure.
Required for nerve and muscle function, necessary for muscle contractions.
DIETARY SOURCES . Table salt, milk, celery, beets, meats, seafood, cheese, egg, dairy, processed foods.
SULFUR
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . Not Established
FUNCTIONS . Needed for the maintenance of skin, hair, and nails, providing their shape,
strength and texture. Required in the cellular respiration process, aiding brain
function and cell activity.
DIETARY SOURCES . Meat, dairy, poultry, fish, onions, garlic, eggs,
brussels sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower.
*mg = milligrams
MINERALS | 21
ESSENTIAL MICROMINERALS
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKES, FUNCTIONS, AND DIETARY SOURCES
CHROMIUM
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 35mcg (M), 25mcg (W).
FUNCTIONS . Enhances the effectiveness of insulin. Regulates blood sugar levels. Activates
specific enzymes for energy production. Known to be directly involved with
protein/carbohydrate/fat metabolism.
DIETARY SOURCES . Meat, clams, whole grains, tomatoes, broccoli,
onions, lettuce, legumes, nuts, corn oil.
COPPER
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 900mcg (M/W).
FUNCTIONS . Required for the formation of red blood cells and connective tissue, providing
support to the heart, blood vessels, skin and bones. Assists in maintaining
normal brain, nervous and immune system function.
DIETARY SOURCES . Liver, clams, crabs, oysters, nuts, cashews, legumes, sesame/sunflower seeds,
leafy vegetables, whole grains.
IODINE
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 150mcg (M/W).
FUNCTIONS . Required for normal thyroid function which regulates the body’s metabolic rate.
DIETARY SOURCES . Iodized salt, seafood, shrimp, tuna, seaweed, cod, dairy products, milk, eggs,
yogurt, beans.
IRON
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 8mg (M), 18mg (W)
FUNCTIONS . Provides & transports oxygen within blood & muscles. Assists in the conversion of
blood sugar to energy.
DIETARY SOURCES . Meats, liver, beef, poultry, fish, oysters, eggs, whole grains, dried fruits, legumes.
MANGANESE
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 2.3mcg (M), 1.8mcg (W)
FUNCTIONS . Important in the metabolism of energy, minerals, carbohydrates and glucose.
Assists in regulation of blood clots, skeletal development, proper nervous system
functioning, and sex hormone production.
DIETARY SOURCES . Peanuts, seeds, beans, pineapple, green vegetables, green tea, whole grains,
berries.
SELENIUM
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 55mcg (M/W)
FUNCTIONS . Plays a key role in the detoxification and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Vital
in reproduction and defense against oxidative damage. Required for thyroid
health.
DIETARY SOURCES . Lean meats, liver, seafood, tuna, lobster, sardines, salmon, dairy, milk, eggs, whole
grains, brazil nuts.
SILICA
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . Not Established
FUNCTIONS . Supports bone health and assists in the maintenance of connective tissue.
Enhances hair, skin and nails.
DIETARY SOURCES . Coffee, fish, nuts, seeds, whole grains, brown rice, oats, vegetables high in fiber,
fruits; bananas, mangoes, apples, melons.
ZINC
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE . 11mg (M), 8mg(W).
FUNCTIONS . Vital for cell reproduction, tissue repairment and growth, assisting in wound
healing. Regulates various immune system and metabolism activities.
Required for the function of 300+ enzymes.
DIETARY SOURCES . Meats, liver, seafood, crab, oyster, chickpeas, green peas, beef, eggs,
whole grains, nuts.
*mg = milligrams, mcg = micrograms
*1 mg = 1,000 mcg, 1 mcg = .001 mg
MINERALS | 22
Nutrition facts labels indicate valuable
information on almost all packaged food
facts
from micronutrient contents, number of
ingredients, serving measurements, to
the location of food manufacturers.
LABELS
It’s useful in making healthier choices,
whether you’re avoiding allergens, want
to consume particular nutrients, or
compare nutritional information across
similar foods.
KEY POINTS
Before we start analyzing food labels, there's some key points to acknowledge.
1. The ingredients listed near the bottom of the label are published in
weight descending order. The food product will contain more of the
first ingredient than the following.
3. The Percentage Daily Values are based on a 2,000 caloric diet. Your
daily values will differ depending on your personal caloric needs.
4. Nutrition Facts Labels are not 100 percent accurate. The Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) permits food manufacturers to have a
margin error of up to 20 percent, in either direction, and still be in
compliance. If a food label expresses 100 calories per serving, it can
actually supply anywhere between 80 to 120 calories.
FOOD LABELS | 23
FOOD LABELS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
FOOD LABELS | 24
FOOD LABELS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
TOTAL FAT
Total Fat indicates the number Honey Nut Cheerios
of fat, in grams, per serving. provides 1.5g of total
Food labels are required to fats per serving (with
inform you with the fats that skim milk).
should be limited in your diet; General Mills lists
saturated fats and trans fat. It’s additional information,
voluntary to highlight the highlighting
amount of unsaturated fats you poly/monounsaturated
will consume. fats.
CHOLESTEROL
Cholesterol is an essential Honey Nut Cheerios is
substance that helps build cells. cholesterol f ree.
A high consumption of
cholesterol is unhealthy and will result in artery build-up.
There are two kinds of cholesterol; Low-Density
Lipoprotein (LDL) and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL).
LDL, referred as “bad” cholesterol, clog arteries and
restrict blood circulation. HDL “good” cholesterol assists
in the clearance of arteries. In food labels, both are
included under ‘Cholesterol’ in increments of milligrams.
SODIUM
Sodium highlights how much Honey Nut Cheerios
salt you are consuming per contains 160 mg of
serving in milligrams. sodium per serving.
Keep an eye out for unsalted, It’s relatively low with
low salt, and ‘no-added salt’ a daily value of 7%.
food products to help reduce
health risks such as high blood
pressure. It’s extremely easy to
over consume on sodium.
Limit your daily allowance to
1500-2300mg.
FOOD LABELS | 25
FOOD LABELS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
TOTAL CARBOHYDRATE
Various types of carbohydrates 22 g of total carbs
may be listed under Total are present in a serving
Carbohydrate; dietary fiber, of Honey Nut Cheerios.
sugars and starches/complex General Mills has also
carbohydrates (often listed as noted 11 g under
other carbohydrates). ‘Other Carbohydrate’,
Many labels will only list fiber referring to the
and sugar. In these cases, to amount of starch.
determine how much starch
you will consume per serving, subtract the amount of
sugar and fiber f rom Total Carbohydrates.
PROTEIN
Nutrition facts labels list the There are 2g of protein
amount of protein per serving, in one serving of
in grams. A percent daily value Honey Nut Cheerios.
isn’t required by the Food and This is not a significant
Drug Administration’s source for protein.
regulations. Protein intake
varies depending on the
individuals needs.
FOOD LABELS | 26
FOOD LABELS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
FOOTNOTE
This section includes the daily values for the recommended
2,000 caloric diet, which is required by the FDA. Many
labels will also include information on a 2,500 calorie diet.
Keep in mind that this is just a recommendation.
Nutritional needs will vary per individual.
ALLERGENS
Food manufacturers are required to list ingredients that
may cause severe allergic reactions. It does not matter
how small the quantity is, even if there’s a small trace it
must be listed. Manufacturers will state “may contain” for
small possible traces of allergens due to many foods being
processed in the same equipment.
FOOD LABELS | 27
FOOD LABELS TERMS AND CLAIMS
Food manufacturers place terms on their labels for marketing and insight purposes.
It's more likely a consumer will purchase food products labeled low-fat or calorie f ree.
Below you'll find a list of common claims and terms, alongside their definitions.
It's important to be well informed, assisting you in smarter selections.
CLAIMS DEFINITION
CALORIE FREE: Contains less than 5 calories.
LOW CALORIE: Contains 40 calories or less.
Remain healthy with your food choices. Choose food products that are LOW in
saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium and added sugars, preferably with a 5%
DAILY VALUE OR LESS. Also, make sure the food products you're consuming provide
substantial amounts of vitamin A/C/D, calcium, iron, potassium, and dietary fiber,
preferably with a 20% DAILY VALUE or more.
FOOD LABELS | 28
flexible Flexible dieting is a popular term used
to describe a style of eating where the
dieting
consumption of food is tracked to meet
caloric and macro requirements.
IIFYM, an acronym for 'if it fits your macros', is widely used because it gives the
individual freedom to eat any kinds of foods, as long as they're meeting macro goals.
This means you can eat a mixture of whole food sources, with unhealthy processed
foods, and still achieve weight reduction if caloric deficits are met.
Even if 25% of your daily calories derive from sources like whole grains, lean protein, and
unsaturated fats, while the other 75% consists of fast foods containing added sugar,
unhealthy fats, and preservatives, you'll still experience weight loss. The reason being is
that bodyweight doesn't usually fluctuate according to quality, but more because of
quantity. If you're eating below caloric maintenance, overall weight will be reduced.
If your daily fats and carb intakes are designated at 70g and 200g
respectively, a simple 'Big Mac & Fries' meal will take a HUGE chunk
off your needs. Eating in such manner will leave no room for food
flexibility, keeping you hungry throughout the day, and constantly
Big Mac & Fries
struggling to meet macro goals, especially when restricted calories 1050 Calories
are applied during cutting phases. With whole food sources you F: 52g C: 112g P: 31g
74% of your 70g fat intake.
can consume more volume, benefiting off rich nutrients, all while 56% of your 200g carb intake.
equating in calories.
FLEXIBLE DIETING | 29
NUTRITION STRUCTURING TOOL
However, the beauty behind flexible dieting is that you can still include 'junk' and fast
foods in nutrition and stay healthy. Allowing these food sources to make up
15-20% of your overall caloric intake will sustain health, as you still have the ability to
meet macro goals through healthy food options, intaking sufficient vitamins &
minerals.
During the span of your diet, I strongly advise staying strict with food options,
particularly during the first 2-3 weeks, and towards the end as you near lower body fat
levels, to maintain optimal fat loss rates.
FLEXIBLE DIETING | 30
Calories are a measuring unit used to
Calories
determine how much energy is needed
to fuel the human body.
The quantity of calories an individual requires heavily relies on factors such as: sex, age,
weight, height, and daily activity levels. These variables are valuable toward basal
metabolic rates and total daily energy expenditures, which eventually determine the
number of calories needed to sustain your body weight.
Lets acknowledge the classic 'calories in, calories out' concept, published back in the
1900's. This energy balance equation states that calories simply doesn't just vanish
and go to waste. A calorie 'in' will be used in two ways:
If you're properly placed at a caloric deficit, consuming less calories than what your
body burns, weight loss will often occur. However, an increase in body weight will exist
during a caloric surplus, as more calories are consumed than your body's requirement.
After the body processes the energy it needs, it stores excess calories as glycogen,
generally in liver cells and muscle tissue. As glycogen levels replenish, it then stores
additional calories in fat cells.
CALORIES | 31
CALORIES SURPLUS/DEFICIT EXAMPLES
CALORIE SURPLUS
If your body demands 2500 calories to maintain weight and 3000 calories
are being consumed, a surplus of 500 daily calories will be encountered.
If you sustain this through a span of 7 days, thats a weekly surplus of 3500
calories, resulting in weight gain. That will roughly estimate to about one
pound of additional body fat on that particular week. Body weight may
fluctuate higher due to components such as water retention.
CALORIE DEFICIT
If you're positioned at a 500 daily caloric deficit, consuming 2000 calories as
your caloric maintenance is 2500 calories, weight loss will occur. This will
roughly equate to a loss of one pound in body fat during a week span. Your
total body weight may experience a greater decrease due to the loss of water.
The 'calories in/out' concept may be true when examining the overall picture, but it
doesn't take into consideration the correlation between many health consequences and
context behind calories.
Example: 500 calories of chocolate cookies will offer much less nutritive value compared
to 500 calories worth of avocado. You will deprive yourself from essential vitamins,
minerals, and macronutrients. Several health diseases will arise if a large portion of your
diet consists of "unhealthy" food choices. Even though your weight may fluctuate the
way you direct it, in the long run your health will be negatively impacted.
Be mindful to the kinds of foods you consume when tracking calories. Even though
calories are directly responsible for weight changes, the value behind calories has positive
and negative influence towards your health.
CALORIES | 32
Caloric
Maintenance
Determining your daily caloric maintenance involves a two-step process.
You’ll need to compute your:
In the following pages I provide three different methods you can use to compute your
BMR. Before proceeding please note that the following equations use body weight in
kilograms and height in centimeters. Conversion is needed depending what
measurement system you use. Most countries have adopted the metric system so you
will calculate as the formulas state. In cases where the imperial system is implemented,
such as the United States, conversion is required.
Height in inches
HEIGHT (in centimeters) = 0.39370
Over the years researchers have established study based formulas to estimate an
individual's basal metabolic rate. Several key components were taken into account
during examinations such as the effects of respiratory gases, sex, age, body
mass/compositions, and overall health status.
Numerous equations have risen f rom these studies while only a handful have been
proven reputable, providing close estimates.
MAINTANENCE | 33
For the following methods you'll need specific components on hand. The Revised
Harris-Benedict Principle and the Mif in-St. Jeor Equation both require computing using
your sex, body weight (kg), height (cm), and age (years).
The third method, Katch-McArdle's Formula, instructs to incorporate your lean body
mass (kg), body fat percentage, and body weight (kg).
Examples of computations are set under every formula for both male and female.
Refer to these illustrations as guidelines in case you're slightly confused.
The following figures will be used for each model and equation.
The Harris-Benedict principle was first published in 1918 and 1919 during a human basal
metabolism study conducted by James Harris and Francis Benedict. In 1984, the
equation was re-evaluated and improved for accuracy by Roza and Shizgal. Even though
this formula is notably credible, it often tends to slightly overestimate BMR's.
MEN 88.362 + (13.397 x WEIGHT in kg) + (4.799 x HEIGHT in cm) – (5.677 x AGE in years) = BMR
WOMEN 447.593 + (9.247 x WEIGHT in kg) + (3.098 x HEIGHT in cm) – (4.330 x AGE in years) = BMR
COMPUTATION EXAMPLE
BMR = 88.362 + (13.397 x WEIGHT in kg) + (4.799 x HEIGHT in cm) – (5.677 x AGE in years)
BMR = 88.362 + (13.397 × 68.039) + (4.799 × 165.100) – (5.677 × 21)
MAN
BMR = 88.362 + (911.518) + (792.315) – (119.217)
BMR = 1,673
BMR = 447.593 + (9.247 x WEIGHT in kg) + (3.098 x HEIGHT in cm) – (4.330 x AGE in years)
BMR = 447.593 + (9.247 x 68.039) + (3.098 x 165.100) – (4.330 x 21)
WOMAN
BMR = 447.593 + (629.157) + (511.480) – (90.93)
BMR = 1497
BMR | 34
METHOD 2 | MIFFLIN-ST. JEOR EQUATION
The Mifflin-St. Jeor equation was issued in 1990, by Mifflin and St Jeor. It was introduced
to fit a more modern lifestyle. Basal metabolic rates will approximately be slightly lower
than Harris-Benedicts.
MEN (10 × WEIGHT in kg) + (6.25 × HEIGHT in cm) - (4.92 × AGE in years) + 5 = BMR
WOMEN (10 × WEIGHT in kg) + (6.25 × HEIGHT in cm) - (4.92 × AGE in years) – 161 = BMR
COMPUTATION EXAMPLE
BMR = (10 × WEIGHT in kg) + (6.25 × HEIGHT in cm) – (4.92 × AGE in years) + 5
BMR = (10 × 68.039) + (6.25 × 165.100) – (4.92 × 21) +5
MAN
BMR = (680.39) + (1,031.875) – (103.32) +5
BMR = 1614
BMR = (10 × WEIGHT in kg) + (6.25 × HEIGHT in cm) – (4.92 × AGE in years) – 161
BMR = (10 × 68.039) + (6.25 × 165.100) – (4.92 × 21) – 161
WOMAN
BMR = (680.39) + (1,031.875) – (103.32) – 161
BMR = 1448
The Katch-McArdle formula is the most precise of the three. This algorithm works best
because it utilizes lean body mass. If you're able to accurately measure your body fat
percentage, this will be the best option at computing your BMR.
View the following page for body fat insights.
KATCH-MCARDLE FORMULA
COMPUTATION EXAMPLE
LEAN BODY MASS = (68.039) - ((15% / 100) x (68.039)) BMR = 370 + (21.6 x LEAN BODY MASS in kg)
LEAN BODY MASS = (68.039) - ((0.15) x (68.039)) BMR = 370 + (21.6 x 57.833)
MAN
LEAN BODY MASS = (68.039) - (10.206) BMR = 370 + (1,249.193)
LEAN BODY MASS = 57.833 BMR = 1,619
LEAN BODY MASS = (68.039) - ((21% / 100) x (68.039)) BMR = 370 + (21.6 x LEAN BODY MASS in kg)
LEAN BODY MASS = (68.039) - ((0.21) x (68.039)) BMR = 370 + (21.6 x 53.751)
WOMAN
LEAN BODY MASS = (68.039) - (14.288) BMR = 370 + (1,161.022)
LEAN BODY MASS = 53.751 BMR = 1,531
BMR | 35
BODY FAT PERCENTAGE
There are several ways to estimate your body fat percentage, some being more
accurate than others.
BODY FAT | 36
TOTAL DAILY ENERGY EXPENDITURE
Now that you have your BMR on hand, it's time to figure out your Total Daily Energy
Expenditure. TDEE is necessary when trying to fluctuate weight, build muscle, or
decrease body fat. It's the total amount of calories your body is burning on a daily basis,
determining how much calories are needed to maintain your body weight.
All these factors can be taken into consideration with a simple application.
To calculate your Total Daily Energy Expenditure, multiply your Basal Metabolic Rate by
an activity level. This relies on how active you are during an average day.
TDEE | 37
COMPUTATION EXAMPLE
Let's integrate an ACTIVE lifestyle on all computed BMR examples to determine their TDEE.
Be aware that these formulas will deliver approximate results, which is the reasoning
behind variations. The RHB Principle will estimate higher than the MSJ Equation under
exact circumstances, while the KM Formula outputs according to its distinct variables.
However, these daily caloric intakes are in close measurements to sustain each
individuals body weight if their activity levels remain consistent. Once applied into
nutrition you may need to modify according to personal weight fluctuation.
Many of us don't have the tools available to accurately measure body fat percentages.
In this situation I advise taking the following route.
Measure your basal metabolic rate using the Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation and the
Revised Harris-Benedict Principle. Average out both results. You'll be positioned in a
comfortable range where you'll encounter minimal modifications for weight
maintenance. Results will not be steeply over, or under estimated.
To properly comprehend your maintenance, enter a trial-&-error phase and test the
outputted value for at least a week span. Adjust your macronutrient split around this
caloric amount and observe any weight fluctuation. Slightly increase/decrease daily
calorie intake if you encounter any weight gain/loss.
Don't over-stress in finding EXACT number figures. There are many variables and
components that influence your maintenance. These equations will place you in
good standings where you can implement a deficit to reach weight loss goals.
TDEE | 38
Caloric
deficit
Weight loss occurs under a form of caloric deficit. Calorie intake needs to be restricted
below your maintenance level in order to reduce body weight. The amount of reduction
is critical towards overall weight fluctuation, as too large of a deficit can cause the loss
of muscle mass. So how much of a deficit is optimal to properly target fat loss?
A 500 caloric deficit is widely viewed as the magic number. For many individuals, this
will work just fine and get the job done.
But this may be an aggressive approach for smaller composition body types who require
relatively low caloric maintenances. If an individual requires 1900 calories to sustain
weight, this can be a drastic cut. The person will more than likely suffer f rom constant
hunger and experience muscle loss due to the large deficiency, a deficit of over 26% of
their total maintenance.
In the other hand, a 500 calorie deficit may be a low reduction for someone who requires
a high maintenance level, 4000+ calories. They'll notice a slow fat-loss rate, and can
efficiently increase this pace with a larger deficit.
An efficient way to set your calorie deficit is to deduct a percentage f rom your total daily
energy expenditure. This allows for proper caloric restriction based on your personal
energy needs rather than implementing an inconsistent figure. An individual will be able
to intake their calories scaled to their respective energy requirements.
Each range will distinctively impact your weight loss phase. As examples, I'll calculate
deficits for the following models alongside estimated fat losses. Water retention will not
be accounted for. Total weight loss will be higher due to the loss of water weight.
CALORIC DEFICIT | 39
SMALL DEFICITS (10-15% RANGE)
MAN: 2500 caloric maintenance | 250-375 deficit range = 2250-2125 caloric deficit
WOMAN: 1900 caloric maintenance | 190-285 deficit range = 1710-1615 caloric deficit
Small deficits are a safe approach. They're an excellent tool for long term dieting,
offering the slowest weight loss rate. You'll lose very minimal muscle mass if your
macronutrient splits are structured properly. There will be fewer food restrictions which
will result in the lowest level of hunger. Energy levels will stay pretty normal and your
training intensities won't be negatively impacted. In the above examples, both
individuals will lose under a pound of fat per week, approximately 0.5-0.75 lbs of fat for
the male and 0.4-0.6 lbs of fat for the female.
Since this approach equates to a slow fat loss rate, you'll find yourself dieting for a longer
period of time, which may be a negative for someone who is seeking quick results. Even
though its a low-risk muscle sustaining deficit, often times people will hinder their
weight loss progress since they're so calorically near maintenance levels. They'll
miscalculate micronutrient intakes and end up eating at or above maintenance.
Medium ranged deficits are a popular approach. Fat loss rates are quicker, usually
placing an individual close to 1 lb of fat loss per week. In the above examples, the male
will approximately lose 0.75-1.25 lbs of fat while the female will experience a weekly fat
loss of 0.6-1.0 lbs. The loss of muscle mass will still be pretty minimal on people who hold
higher body fat. Hunger levels will be more noticeable but still can be controlled as you'll
have room for food flexibility. Even though energy levels will slightly decrease, it's still
manageable to get you through exercise and overall day.
In the other hand, individuals who hold lower body fat percentages will start to
experience negative symptoms. Strength and overall training performance will slightly
drop. The risk of muscle loss increases, especially if nutrition isn't well balanced. Hunger
levels will slightly spike due to the larger deficit.
Large deficits will offer the fastest weight loss rate. The male in the above example will
lose approximately 1.25-1.75+ lbs of fat per week, while the female will experience 1-1.3+
lbs of fat loss. These are pretty drastic cuts, especially on the higher range, as they are
being placed very low with their daily caloric intakes. Quickly reaching weight goals, or a
short diet is one of the few positive outcomes f rom large deficits. It's great for people
who are on time constraints, whether its dropping weight for an upcoming vacation or
special event, but it's all tagged along with downfalls. Overweight individuals can benefit
more comfortably, encountering the least amount of risk.
CALORIC DEFICIT | 40
Many negative symptoms and complications arise f rom large deficits. Muscle loss will be
at its maximum as you're depriving the body f rom important nutrients and calories.
Mood swings will be a regular battle while you constantly feel hungry throughout the
day. Training will take a hit as energy levels drain, inefficiently performing workouts.
Due to the low caloric intakes, there's no room for food flexibility, so you won't be able to
fit daily snacks for sustainability. Individuals with low body fat will suffer immensely. This
type of diet is recommended as a short term approach. It isn't an optimal long-run plan
as you'll face many obstacles and roadblocks along the way.
CALORIE CYCLING
Please note, specific days during the week may require higher calorie intakes, particularly
if large deficits have been applied.
For those who want to stay strict in maintaining a fixed weekly calorie deficit, I advise
cycling calories. Select certain days where deficits are lower than others. Reduce
deficits where you're exerting greater energy such as high volume leg sessions or days
where weight training and cardiovascular activities are combined. Higher calorie
consumption is needed as you're burning more calories, compared to solely an "Arm
Day" or "Pull Day".
Example: Here's an individual, with an active lifestyle, requiring an average of 2500 daily
calories to maintain bodyweight. He/she has placed themselves on a caloric deficit at 2150
daily calories. This equates to 350 calories below his/her maintenance, a 14% deficit. If
activity levels are consistent throughout all seven days, this results in 2450 weekly burned
calories, losing slightly under 1 lb of body fat.
But since his/her training regime requires more energy on various days, caloric intake
needs to be adjusted, as he/she wants to maintain this deficit/fat-loss rate at a weekly pace.
Based on his/her training schedule, Mondays and Wednesdays burn 150 more calories due
to a high volume leg session and the combination of resistance training & cardiovascular
activity. Rather than applying a straight deficit of 2150 calories, these days require an
increase of 150 calories to sustain his/her desired 14% weekly deficit.
This example explains the basic concept behind calorie cycling, implementing the energy
expended f rom training. When altering calories, be mindful of activities non-associated
with exercise.
CALORIC DEFICIT | 41
macronutrient
ratios
Macronutrient splits demonstrate the distribution amongst nutrients, tallying up to
your total calorie intake. They're often shown in percentages and/or weight amounts.
Once calorie intake is known, you'll have to break down the ranges of your macro
sources. Macronutrient ratios establish how much protein, carbohydrates, and fats
you'll consume. This revolves around activity levels, age, weight, sex, but most
importantly our body types and goals.
Many distinctive body types exist but we usually fall under one of three main
somatotypes: ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph.
MACRO RATIOS | 42
MACRONUTRIENT RATIOS
As each body type reacts differently to food intake, macronutrient splits are important
and can influence weight loss. Depending on your body type, here are advised macro
ratios to structure your nutrition/caloric intake. These macro splits are set up to cater the
characteristics of each body type
Let's convert the suggested 40/30/30 percentage split to grams for someone who has a
mesomorph body composition, intaking 2650 daily calories (deficit).
40% CARBOHYDRATES
40 percent of 2650 calories is...
2650 kcal x .40 = 1060 kcal.
1060 calories will derive f rom carbs.
Now divide carb calorie intake by 4 since 1 gram of carbs is equivalent to 4 calories.
1060/4 = 264 g of carbs.
This individual will intake 264 grams of carbohydrates.
30% PROTEIN
30 percent of 2650 calories is...
2650 kcal x .30 = 795 kcal.
795 calories will derive f rom protein.
Now divide protein calorie intake by 4 since 1 gram of protein is equivalent to 4 calories.
795/4 = 199 g of protein.
This individual will intake 199 grams of protein.
30% FAT
30 percent of 2650 calories is...
2650 kcal x .30 = 795 kcal.
795 calories will derive f rom fat.
Now divide fat calorie intake by 9 since 1 gram of fat is equivalent to 9 calories.
795/9 = 88 g of fat.
This individual will intake 88 grams of fat.
Daily macro goals for this individual will be 264 g of carbs, 199 g of protein, and 88 g of
fat, at a 2650 caloric intake.
One popular ratio, specifically in the bodybuilding world, is the 40% carb, 40% protein,
20% fat macro split. This is the split I usually apply during weight loss phases, with much
success, as it's relatively low in fat and high in protein. Protein intakes will usually
equate to 1.2-1.5 grams per body weight which is optimal for muscle retention, and
satiety fulfillment, during weight loss.
There's instances where protein goals may become a bit high and hard to meet. For
example, protein intake will range f rom 1.65 to 2 grams per bodyweight for a male
weighing 200 lbs, requiring anywhere between 3300-4000 daily calories on a bulk phase.
This is quite excessive and adjustments will be needed to lower protein source. I
recommend using this macro split as long as your intake stays within the 1.5 gram per
bodyweight range.
MACRO RATIOS | 43
PERSONAL ANALYSIS
For instance, you may feel as if you fit an endomorph body type and initiate your diet
following the 30/35/35 macro split. You end up feeling hungry after a days worth of
eating. Many components factor into satiety such as lack of water or too large of a
deficit, but another reason can be your carb tolerance. A 30% carb intake may be too low
and is probably impacting hunger levels. In this case you will need to alter
macronutrient ratios.
MACRO RATIOS | 44
Progressive Fat loss
adjustments
While dieting, slowdowns in weight loss are completely normal. The body starts to
adapt to the changes made in nutrition and training. After weeks of tracking calories,
you might notice fat loss rates decrease to a point where there's minimal progress.
Eventually, macronutrient adjustments will need to be made due to plateaus, but before
making any sudden modifications, try analyzing certain factors that may be stalling
results.
WATER RETENTION
First and foremost, it's important to understand that fat loss isn't linear. It's natural if your
bodyweight fluctuates day in and day out. Initially, you'll experience major weight
reductions during the first 4-7 days, losing up to 5-8+ pounds the first week. The body is
actually undergoing a water loss stage. As the body seeks glycogen for energy, storage
levels diminish since you're burning more energy than consuming.
Every gram of glycogen is linked to 3-5 grams of water so as glycogen is lost, the water
associated is released as well. If you lost 7 pounds the first week, about 90% of that
weight was water retention. Weight loss will dramatically reduce in the upcoming weeks
as you'll start to lose strictly body fat. Don't get discouraged at the sudden declined rate
because in fact, it's a positive sign to an efficient diet plan.
Body measurements don't need to be logged every day. Note them down on a weekly basis.
Using a cloth measuring tape, measure the circumference of key areas such as your chest,
arms, abs, waist, hips, thighs, and calves. You can write them below your weigh-ins.
These are excellent ways to monitor progress. Sometimes scales won't illustrate the full
picture. You might stall in weigh-ins but still lose body fat, only capturing progress
through changes in body composition. You will notice decreases in body measurements,
while clothes begin to fit loosely. If a scale is outputting plateaus, you actually may still be
advancing.
ADJUSTMENTS | 45
SLEEP AND STRESS MANAGEMENT
Poor sleeping habits can also result in stress, while a busy stressful schedule can cause lack
of sleep. Both go hand in hand. Try relaxing and minimizing stress levels as much as
possible. Stress is cumulative and will impact different aspects of life. Activities promoting
weight loss will suffer such as training and nutrition. Stress will spark the cortisol hormone,
triggering cravings, while focus & energy levels won't be sufficient for exercise.
Quality sleep and low-stress levels may be elements that need management in order to
break plateaus and shed extra pounds.
MACRONUTRIENT ADJUSTMENTS
If weight loss has come to a halt, while addressing mentioned components, and you've
been consistent with your diet/training, hitting macro/caloric goals, and implementing
refeeds, then macronutrient intakes will need adjustments.
Multiply 2500 by 0.07 and subtract the result f rom the calorie intake.
(2500)x(0.07)=175 > (2500)-(175)=2325 calories
Calories: 2325
Carbohydrates: 930 calories, 233g View section 'MACRONUTRIENT RATIOS'
Protein: 697.5 calories, 174 g for computing guide.
Weight reduction isn't occurring because you've reached a new maintenance point at
your current weight. Even though modifications between the previous and new
macro/calorie values may seem minor, it's sufficient for continuous fat loss. If macro goals
are properly reached, without overconsumption, weight loss will occur.
ADJUSTMENTS | 46
TRAINING ADJUSTMENTS
Let's use the same values f rom the previous macro adjustments as an example.
As intake consist of 2500 calories, you'll want to create a deficit of 175 calories.
Increase cardiovascular activities according to the excess calories.
2. If you're performing cardio several days a week, you can take various
approaches. Let's say you're doing cardio 3 times a week for example
purposes.
You're probably thinking thats a heavy load for each session. Your other
. option is to implement additional cardio days. If two extra days are
supplemented, that equates to 245 extra calories on your current
3 cardio session, and 2 additional cardio sessions of 245 burnt calories.
Macro and training adjustments may be integrated simultaneously. Your weekly deficit
can be applied to your nutrition and cardio activities. This 1225 weekly deficit can be
evenly distributed, decreasing weekly consumption by 612 calories, and increasing weekly
cardio by 612 calories. Keep in mind that you can also increase resistance training
intensities to accommodate for burned calories.
There are many options available for deficit modifications. You don't need to limit
yourself to a single method. Also, deficit distribution ratios can be applied as you desire,
as it doesn't need to be evenly assigned. Try to remain in close range of your goals.
ADJUSTMENTS | 47
refeed
Refeed days are strategically allocated days where short-term overconsumption is
allowed to restore leptin levels. As you're placed under caloric deficits, leptin levels
begin to drop. This causes slowdowns in your metabolism and fat loss, while appetite
and hunger levels increase, impacting moods, overall motivation, but most importantly,
stall results. Refeeding will raise the leptin hormone, assisting continuous weight loss.
First and foremost, refeed days are not equivalent to "cheat days". People generally use
cheat days to eat outside their guide-lined diets, in an all-you-can-eat type manner. You
will not be able to indulge any type of foods, whether its pizza, burgers, or donuts, and
expect proper boosts.
Cheat days usually consist meals high in fats, sugars, and processed foods, which can
backtrack progress due to high untracked calories, causing bloated/sick/drowsy side
effects. The body won't be able to process this type of binge eating, resulting in gains of
body fat and water weight. A cheat day can set you back several days as its easy to
consume at a large surplus, over 5000+ calories in a single day. Consume cheat meals in
moderation.
During the course of a refeed, caloric intake will be increased to, or slightly above,
maintenance level. Protein and fat intakes remain as usual. The increase in calories will
come in the form of carbohydrates. Increase carb intake until you've reached calorie
maintenance.
The leptin hormone is highly reactive to glucose, so good sources of carbohydrates will
achieve a more functional surge than increasing proteins or fats. The goal of refeeds are
to regulate cravings/hunger levels while promoting fat loss.
REFEED | 48
REFEED FREQUENCIES
Refeed f requencies rely on several components such as an individuals body fat, muscle
mass, training regime, and diet status. One factor that should also be considered is
focusing on your body's needs. After several weeks on a diet, down several pounds, the
body will progressively start to feel flat, relatively low in energy, as it's asking for extra
calories to sustain body weight. This will be a good indicator to start allocating a refeed.
The above diagram illustrates an estimation on when you should inquire a refeed. The
leaner the individual, the more periodic refeeds become. The body adapts much quicker
to caloric deficits at leaner stages. Short term overconsumption will accelerate fat loss
rates. For people who hold higher body fat, north of 15/23%, refeeds won't be needed as
f requent but should still be implemented to sustain optimal weight loss rates.
I recommend adding a refeed day 1.5-4 weeks after initiating a new diet program,
respective to your body fat percentage.
. If you're closer to a leaner level, implement refeed 1.5-2 weeks into your new diet.
. If you're at 15/23 body fat %+, implement refeed 2-4 weeks into your diet.
Use these surplus days on lacking muscle groups/training days, where you can take
advantage of the extra energy.
Refeed days aren't required but has been proven to assist with weight loss. I advise
using this tool to reset your metabolism, as you'll start to face plateaus. It will also
help psychologically as dieting can become mentally draining. Refeeds can be seen
as a reward system as you look forward to extra calorie consumption.
REFEED | 49
Tracking
Not all food products contain nutrition
facts labels. Most vegetables, fruits, and
meats obtained from butchers will be
unlabeled.
FOOD DATABASES
Another reliable source is the USDA Food Composition Databases, which can be
utilized directly off their website, https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/. This government-run
site offers a large comprehensive directory for unprocessed food sources, as-well as
foods from hundreds of manufacturers. If you're unsure of nutritional information for
certain foods, this is an excellent source to extract info and insert in MyFitnessPal for
tracking purposes.
These sites will offer most of the information provided by nutritional labels such as
caloric values, calories per serving, serving sizes, macronutrient/micronutrient
breakdowns, and ingredients lists.
MYFITNESSPAL
For the most part, all of the key services offered by this application
is free of charge. There are a few extra features that can only be used
with payment, but in reality, it isn't necessary.
TRACKING CALORIES | 50
PERSONALIZE CALORIE AND MACRONUTRIENT GOALS
If you're initiating the application for the first time, you will need to go through the
'sign up' process using your email. Once settled in, the 'Diary' section will generally be
your go-to screen.
1.
Here you can obtain valuable information such as
2.
3.
TRACKING CALORIES | 51
4.
2. You can also click the blue & white "+" tab
at the bottom center of the screen. You'll
then have a choice to add foods to any
meal you desire.
TRACKING CALORIES | 52
3.
When searching for foods via the search bar,
you'll draw dozens to hundreds of results. Try to
be as accurate as possible when selecting a food
source. Many foods are inputted by users and will
offer incorrect information.
4.
5.
TRACKING CALORIES | 53
MACRONUTRIENT GOALS AND PERCENTAGES
NUTRIENT GOALS
MACRONUTRIENT RATIOS
Keep an eye out for these two sections as you eat during the day. These will give you a
comprehensive outlook of what nutrients need to be consumed to hit your goals.
You can input foods several minutes before or after you eat your meals. If you've prepped
for the day, you can input all meals at the beginning of the day to save time. There's an
option where you can save recipes and meals so you can copy and paste for a later date.
Other than food intake, you may also choose to track weight training sessions,
cardiovascular activities, body weight, body measurements, as-well-as share statuses
with f riends.
Use this guide if you need assistance. These are the fundamentals needed to keep track
of food and calorie consumption with MyFitnessPal.
TRACKING CALORIES | 54
Measuring Accurate portion sizes are key for body
weight reduction. You need to properly
portion
measure food intakes, whether you're
meal prepping, or having a quick snack.
sizes
FOOD SCALES
A food scale will be the most precise way to measure portions and serving sizes. It will
display what 6 ounces of chicken breast actually looks like, as all this time you've
probably been guess-tracking as 4 ounces, leading to over-consumption.
There are different variations of scales. I recommend picking up a digital food scale.
These offer more precise readings when compared to mechanical spring scales.
They're easier to read, weigh food using different units, and measure with better
precision. However, a mechanical scale will work as well. You can still obtain accurate
measurements but not as precise. Many will only offer single measuring units and
many times age can affect internal spring mechanisms, leading to misreadings.
MEASURING FOOD | 55
WEIGHING FOOD
Weighing food is simple. Instructions slightly vary depending on the type and brand,
but overall it is a similar procedure.
Begin by resetting the scale to zero. Digital scales will require clicking of
. the power button and waiting till "0" is displayed. Mechanical scales
usually have a knob which can be turned to the zero position
Place food in the container. The scale will measure the weight of the
. food. Older models may require subtracting the weight of the
container from the total weight since a zeroing option isn't available.
A common question that's always asked is "Should I weigh my food cooked or raw?".
Food labels indicate the state of the foods which they're providing nutritional
information for. Many times the food source is raw. When shopping for packaged raw
chicken breast (meat) at a supermarket, the portion information is listed as uncooked.
If possible, weigh meat in its raw state to maintain accuracy while tracking food.
However, you can also measure once it's cooked. Meat will lose approximately 15-25%
of its weight and size when cooked, so measuring weight-for-weight, as the label
indicates, will lead to over-consumption.
To weigh cooked meat, measure the overall weight in its raw state. Once cooked, you
can divide the portions and adjust its nutritional value according to the label.
Example: If a raw package of chicken breast weighs 10 total ounces, when cooked it
may decrease to 8 ounces. You can then calculate the portion sizes accordingly. A
portion size of 5 oz raw chicken breast equates to 4 oz cooked.
MEASURING BY VOLUME
You can also measure certain foods and ingredients by volume. Keep in mind that
weighing food is the more precise method as many tend to overfill measuring utensils.
MEASURING FOOD | 56
MEAL SAMPLES Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Snacks
Protein Shakes
Meal Structures
MEAL SAMPLES | 57
meal samples MORNING MEALS
PROTEIN
PROTEIN WRAP
WRAP Turkey Bacon: 1 slice
Red Peppers: ⁄ cup – chopped
495 Calories | 29g Carbs | 44g Protein | 11g Fats
Shredded Cheddar Cheese (Fat Free): ⁄ cup
PAM or Nonstick Cooking Spray
MEAL SAMPLES | 58
meal samples AFTERNOON MEALS
MEAL SAMPLES | 59
meal samples EVENING MEALS
GRILLED CHICKEN,
JASMINE RICE AND
Chicken Breast: 6 oz. – grilled
Jasmine Rice: 1 cup
BRUSSEL SPROUTS Brussel Sprouts: 1 cup
510 Calories | 54g Carbs | 57g Protein | 7g Fats
MEAL SAMPLES | 60
meal samples SNACKS UNDER 300 KCAL
COTTAGE CHEESE
WITH BANANAS
2% Low-Fat Cottage Cheese: 1 cup
Banana: 1 whole, sliced
285 Calories | 37 Carbs | 20 Protein | 5g Fats
SALAD
Eggs: 1 large, boiled, mashed
Egg Whites: 2 large, boiled, mashed
223 Calories | 6g Carbs | 14g Protein | 16g Fats Pinch of Salt and Pepper
MEAL SAMPLES | 61
meal samples SNACKS UNDER 300 KCAL
RICOTTA CHEESE
TOAST
Low Fat Ricotta Cheese: 1/2 cup
Whole Wheat Bread: 2 slices, toasted
240 Calories | 30 Carbs | 20 Protein | 7g Fats
PISTACHIO &
CHEDDAR CHEESE Pistachios: 1/2 cup, with shells
Sharp Cheddar: 1 oz
260 Calories | 9g Carbs | 12g Protein | 22g Fats
MEAL SAMPLES | 62
meal samples PROTEIN SHAKES
MEAL SAMPLES | 63
meal structure
The following pages exhibit formulated examples of sample meals being applied for a
day's worth of eating.
MEAL FREQUENCY
Included are variations based on different meal frequencies; 3 meals per day, 4 meals per
day, 5 meals per day, and 6 meals per day.
Be mindful that quantity alters portion sizes as more meals prepped per day equates in less
caloric dishes. A plan consisting of 3 daily meals involve larger volume, as opposed to eating 6
times a day, under the same total caloric circumstances. However, these variables can be
manipulated for preference. You can shift the majority of the caloric load towards a single
meal, resulting in lighter volume on other meal options. As long as calorie and macronutrient
needs are met, personalization has no limit.
In the sample structures, meals have been adjusted to offer similar amounts of calories,
benefiting from energy balance, while eliminating 'hunger feelings' as frequent as possible.
Protein shakes and snacks are accounted as meals, supplying generous amounts of calories
and macro sources, rich in vitamins and minerals. For the most part, they'll supply slightly
fewer calories, as they're meant to be consumed in between major meals.
MEAL TIMING
Preparing the body for exercise is key. Consume a meal 1 to 3 hours prior training,
time-respective to meal size. This meal needs to be macro balanced, particularly carb and
protein oriented. Protein allows the replenishment of essential amino acids, promoting
muscular recovery during training, while carbs will supply the greater portion of energy and
fuel.
If you're eating a large meal, 2 to 3 hours prior, implement complex carbohydrates. If you're
eating less than an hour within your workout, consume natural simple carbohydrates, in
moderation. Keep fat intakes moderate to low before training sessions. If fats are relatively
high, your body will work harder, slowly digesting fat sources, resulting in stomach aches while
performing exercises.
MEAL STRUCTURES | 64
After a training session, muscle tissues are in need of repair. A substantial amount of protein is
important. Carbohydrates are also vital as they'll refuel the body, replenishing low glycogen
storage. If you're consuming higher meal quantities per day, you have the ability to fit a quick
high-protein/moderate-carb meal immediately after your training, preferably a protein shake.
During this prompt meal, maintain fat intake moderate to low.
Depending on the time of day, you'll then consume a larger macro balanced meal, 1 to 3 hours
after if your schedule allows it. If it's a late night workout, and you have one meal remaining,
immediate consumption is recommended. Always replenish the body after exercise as your
goal is to switch from a catabolic to an anabolic state, allowing the body to build off consumed
nutrients, rather than breaking down its own tissues as a mean of energy.
Construct a restricted feeding window around your schedule. Decide on a range, how many hours
per day you will consume all food. Off hours require periods of fasting, limiting calorie
consumption, not water intake. Remember, stay hydrated throughout the day.
The larger the fasting period, the stricter your feeding window. A 12 hour eating period is a very
manageable range and a great starting point. You may work your way down to smaller feeding
windows to control calorie intake. Design an eating pattern within this time, one you'll follow day
in and day out, allowing your body to adapt to shorter eating spans. Once your body is
programmed, it becomes second nature as the body already knows when to expect fuel. I must
say, initially it can be difficult adjusting to periods of fasting, especially if you're a person who likes
to eat multiple meals a day. Sacrifices have to be made such as extending 'breakfast' several hours
after your usual time.
There are more extreme outlines, dropping eating windows into the 4 hour range, very popular in
the intermittent fasting world. These are challenging and not for everyone. Many lifestyle
adjustments have to be made in order to follow these tight eating structures.
Meals will require adjustments to meet personal caloric needs. These are just structured
guidelines, highlighting the changes in meal volumes due to calorie intakes and meal
frequencies. All meals are to be eaten according to personal schedule. 'Snacks' and protein
shakes are consumed in desired sequence, in fitment of personal schedule.
MEAL STRUCTURES | 65
sample meal structures 1650 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 3 MEALS
MEAL 1 - Protein Peanut Butter Oats / Scrambled Eggs 626 54g 30g 45g
Egg, 1 large
Tomatoes, 2 slices
MEAL 3 - Lean Ground Turkey / White Rice / Green Beans 510 49g 12g 39g
FREQUENCY | 4 MEALS
Egg, 1 large
Salmon Fillet, 4 oz
MEAL 3 - Grilled Chicken Breast / Jasmine Rice / Brussel Sprouts 394 57g 3g 34g
MEAL STRUCTURES | 66
sample meal structures 1650 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 5 MEALS
Egg, 1 large
Tilapia, 5 oz
Asparagus, 8 spears
MEAL STRUCTURES | 67
sample meal structures 1650 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 6 MEALS
Egg, 1 large
Tomatoes, 2 slices
Lettuce, 4 leaves
Broccoli, 1 cup
Apple, medium, 1
Broccoli, 1 cup
Cauliflower, 1 cup
MEAL STRUCTURES | 68
sample meal structures 2150 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 3 MEALS
MEAL 1 - Protein Peanut Butter Oats / Scrambled Eggs 813 68g 31g 70g
Egg, 1 large
Apple, medium, 1
Tomatoes, 2 slices
MEAL 3 - Lean Ground Turkey / White Rice / Green Beans 688 71g 17g 52g
FREQUENCY | 4 MEALS
Egg, 1 large
MEAL 3 - Grilled Chicken Breast / Jasmine Rice / Brussel Sprouts 478 76g 3g 34g
MEAL STRUCTURES | 69
sample meal structures 2150 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 5 MEALS
Egg, 1 large
Asparagus, 8 spears
Tilapia, 8 oz
Kiwi, 1, sliced
MEAL STRUCTURES | 70
sample meal structures 2150 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 6 MEALS
Egg, 1 large
Tomatoes, 2 slices
Lettuce, 4 leaves
Broccoli, 1 cup
Apple, medium, 1
Broccoli, 1 cup
Cauliflower, 1 cup
MEAL STRUCTURES | 71
sample meal structures 2650 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 3 MEALS
MEAL 1 - Protein Peanut Butter Oats / Scrambled Eggs 993 74g 45g 81g
Egg, 2 large
Tomatoes, 2 slices
MEAL 3 - Lean Ground Turkey / White Rice / Green Beans 790 93g 17g 55g
FREQUENCY | 4 MEALS
Egg, 1 large
Salmon Fillet, 6 oz
MEAL 3 - Grilled Chicken Breast / Jasmine Rice / Brussel Sprouts 664 102g 5g 51g
MEAL STRUCTURES | 72
sample meal structures 2650 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 5 MEALS
Egg, 2 large
Asparagus, 8 spears
Tilapia, 8 oz
Kiwi, 1, sliced
Banana, 1
MEAL STRUCTURES | 73
sample meal structures 2650 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 6 MEALS
Egg, 1 large
Tomatoes, 2 slices
Lettuce, 4 leaves
Broccoli, 1 cup
Apple, medium, 1
Broccoli, 1 cup
Cauliflower, 1 cup
MEAL STRUCTURES | 74
sample meal structures 3150 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 3 MEALS
MEAL 1 - Protein Peanut Butter Oats / Scrambled Eggs 1128 90g 48g 96g
Egg, 2 large
Tomatoes, 2 slices
MEAL 3 - Lean Ground Turkey / White Rice / Green Beans 982 99g 32g 67g
FREQUENCY | 4 MEALS
Egg, 1 large
Salmon Fillet, 8 oz
MEAL 3 - Grilled Chicken Breast / Jasmine Rice / Brussel Sprouts 749 106g 7g 65g
MEAL STRUCTURES | 75
sample meal structures 3150 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 5 MEALS
MEAL 1 - Almond Nut Oatmeal / Scrambled Eggs 851 64g 46g 51g
Egg, 2 large
Asparagus, 8 spears
Tilapia, 8 oz
Kiwi, 1, sliced
Banana, 1
MEAL STRUCTURES | 76
sample meal structures 3150 CALORIES
FREQUENCY | 6 MEALS
Egg, 2 large
Tomatoes, 2 slices
Lettuce, 4 leaves
MEAL 3 - Chicken Breast / Brown Rice / Broccoli 750 102g 10g 64g
Broccoli, 1 cup
Apple, medium, 1
Broccoli, 1 cup
Cauliflower, 1 cup
PROTEIN SHAKE - Oatmeal 450 41g 8g 54g
MEAL STRUCTURES | 77
dietary
supplements
Dietary supplements are exactly what the name expresses. They exist to SUPPLEMENT
your nutrition. Many people believe that supplements are needed to increase muscle
mass or reduce body weight. In reality, they are not required and shouldn't be
prioritized over a well-balanced diet. You can lose body fat without supplementation if
you're following a nutritious diet plan, alongside an effective training regime.
RECOMMENDED SUPPLEMENTATION
There are instances where we turn to supplements for assistance, whether it's to
increase focus & energy levels, meet protein goals, accelerate metabolism, improve
performance, or one of the more popular, build muscle. In cases where your diet isn't
providing enough energy/nutrients to sustain physical activity, certain supplements
may be used.
The following are fundamental supplements that I have found effective during weight
loss phases. These can be beneficial in maintaining muscle mass, energy levels, and
performance, as you're placed under caloric restrictions.
During cutting phases, optimal protein intakes are critical for muscle retention.
At times it may get a bit difficult to meet protein needs via food sources.
Implementing protein shakes in your diet will help reach those goals.
Whey protein powders are a great protein source as they digest very quickly,
repairing damaged muscle tissues. When selecting protein powders,
look for whey protein isolates and whey concentrates, on labels
and ingredient lists, to assure a highly concentrated whey
protein source. Make sure each scoop/serving provides
20 to 25 grams of protein, containing low amounts of fats
and carbohydrates.
SUPPLEMENTS | 78
CREATINE MONOHYDRATE
Creatine is naturally found in food sources like poultry and red meat. When
reducing body weight, consuming enough meat can become difficult due to
calorie restrictions. You won't be able to meet optimal creatine dosages that help
increase overall training performances.
After this period, cycle off creatine for 2 to 3 weeks. Your body will begin to adapt to
elevated levels and stop its response. Excess amounts will be released through
urine. Cycling off will also relieve stress off the kidneys/liver. Make sure to select
products that are purely creatine monohydrate, containing no calories or any
macronutrients.
Branched chain amino acids consist of leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These are
part of essential amino acids required for development & growth. Muscle tissues
use BCAAs as a source of energy to fuel physical activities. These amino acids also
reduce fatigue, increasing endurance, while engaging in exercise and training
sessions. Proper overall intakes encourage protein build up in muscles, enhancing
muscle growth and muscular recovery.
Stick to the basics. These are here for assistance. Don't become fully
dependable on supplements. A balanced diet and proper training should
be priority.
SUPPLEMENTS | 79
FOOD DIRECTORY Fruits
Vegetables
Grains
Beans
Nuts
Dairy/Cheese
Seafood
Meats
Condiments
FOOD DIRECTORY | 80
food directory
This database includes commonly consumed foods. Included are approximations
on serving sizes, caloric values, and macronutrient information. You may use this
as a reference when selecting and tracking foods.
Please note that nutritional values will vary according to food manufacturers.
FRUITS Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
FOOD DIRECTORY | 81
VEGETABLES Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
Artichoke, medium 1 50 13 4 0
Asparagus spears 5 20 3 2 0
Beans, green ⁄ cup 20 4 1 0
Bok Choy 1 cup 13 3 1 0.2
Broccoflower 1 cup 20 3.9 1.9 0.2
Broccoli 1 cup 31 6 2.6 0.3
Broccoli rabe 1 cup 10 1 1.5 0
Brussels sprouts 5 41 8.5 3.2 0.3
Cabbage, green/red 1 cup 17 4.1 0.9 0.1
Cabbage, savoy 1 cup 19 4.3 1.4 0.1
Carrots, chopped 1 cup 52 12.3 1.2 0.3
Cauliflower 1 cup 25 5.3 2 0.1
Celery, chopped 1 cup 16 1.4 0.7 0.1
Chard 1 cup 7 1.4 0.7 0.1
Chicory, chopped 1 cup 7 1.3 0.6 0.1
Collard greens, chopped 1 cup 12 2 1.1 0.2
Corn 1 cup 120 22 4 2
Cucumber 1 16 3.8 0 0
Eggplant, cubes 1 cup 33 8 1 0
Endive, chopped 1 cup 8 1.7 0.6 0.1
Greens, mixed 1 cup 20 3 2 0
Jicama 1 cup 46 11 1 0
Kale, chopped 1 cup 33 6 2.9 0.6
Lettuce, romaine, chopped 1 cup 8 1.6 0 0.1
Mushroom, portobello 1 cup 22 3.3 3.1 0.3
Okra 1 cup 33 7.4 1.9 0.2
Onions, chopped 1 cup 64 14.9 1. 8 0.2
Onions, green (scallions) 1 cup 32 7.3 1.8 0
Peas, green 1 cup 111 19.7 7.5 0.5
Pepper, green/red 1 cup 40 9.6 1.4 0.2
Peppers, jalapeno, sliced 1 cup 26 5.8 0.8 0.3
Pumpkin 1 cup 30 7.5 1.2 0.1
Radishes 6 5 1 0.2 0.1
Rhubarb 1 cup 26 5.5 1.1 0.2
Spinach, raw 1 cup 7 1.1 0.9 0.1
Squash, acorn, cubes 1 cup 56 14.6 1.1 0.1
Squash, butternut, cubes 1 cup 63 16.4 1.4 0.1
Squash, summer, medium 1 32 7 2.4 0.4
Squash, zucchini, medium 1 33 6 2.4 0.6
Sweet Potato 1 cup 114 27 2.1 0.1
Tomatillos, medium 1 11 2 0.3 0.3
Tomato, plum 1 11 2 1 0
Tomatoes, canned 1 cup 78 9 2 0.3
Tomatoes, cherry 1 cup 27 6 1 0.3
Tomatoes, sun dried 1 cup 139 30 7.6 1.6
Turnips 1 cup 36 8.4 1.2 0.1
Watercress 1 cup 4 0.4 0.8 0
White Potato 1 cup 132 15.4 1.4 0.1
FOOD DIRECTORY | 82
GRAINS Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
BEANS Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
NUTS Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
FOOD DIRECTORY | 83
DAIRY/CHEESE Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
EGGS Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
FOOD DIRECTORY | 84
SEAFOOD Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
FOOD DIRECTORY | 85
BEEF Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
PORK Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
LAMB Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
SLICED DELI MEATS Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
FOOD DIRECTORY | 86
CONDIMENTS, SAUCES, OILS & DRESSINGS
Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
FOOD DIRECTORY | 87
BREADS, ROLLS, CRACKERS, CEREALS, SNACKS
Serving Size Calories Carbs (g) Protein (g) Fats (g)
FOOD DIRECTORY | 88