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Acid Bases
proton Ht donor
Brownswteerdy
Brownswkerdyoo proton Ht acceptor
eg Hd
dissociate in solution
to produced Ht Fully
to
ag produce hydroxide ion Colt
HCl
They neutribre acid so that
whythey accepts HI
Eg HzPoy
Do
they partially
water to
exist
in equilibrium
form colt lion
CHz
Monoabadasic
I motof acid release Monobasic 1 Base 1 OH
1 base
of It
med I p
Jiabasic
Tribasic
calculating pH
pH logpot At Eoff fo
antilog
strong acid
47917
2 mole
I mole E Ht
Elly 0247
weak acid
Ka is used
Strong Base
Kw
EH T.COH J
Finding pH strongacid
Use logo Ht
2 HCl Ht t CI
3
25cm3 of O l NaOH required 32cm of HS04 to
motdm
n NaOH C XV O I X
2,0 2.5 10 3 molee
Ht f 32
2 510
0.078 mole dm
3
324000
logco CO 078 I I
pH
acid
Calculating conc
Strong
pH
Conc of Ht 10
Find the pH
Calculate Ht PH
using lo
with a pH of 3.0
3 3
Ht J 10 1 10 mol dm 3
HCl Ht a
l 1
3 3
HCl7 1 10 mold ni
a pH of 2 6
2.6 2.5 10
3
Ht 10
1 2
3 x2 5 10
2.5 10
Weak acid Ka
weak acid
calculating Ka
lHx H
3
tH 7 solution of CH3COOH is
ka
THX 7 2.9
ka
ECH3COO J Ht CHSCOOH
ka
µ
to
HFE F t Ht LCHzCOOH
2 9 3
EH 10 P 10 1.26 10
ka
E F Ht Z
I 26 10 3
E HF Ka 1.58 X 10
5
E O I
need
The value of Ka concentration
to know of acic
HF
HF E H t f
ka
CH HF l THT
2
AF HF
5 6 104
EAT
OF
6
Ht 5 6 10 4 0.1 5.6 10
Ht 55.6 10 6
Ht 2 37 10 3 mol dm 3
pH logo At
2 37 10 3
fog10
2 G
weakacid
Calculating concentration
10 5 not dm
Kapropanoicacid 1.349
cz OOHFCzH5COo
tHka
CctttLEHtIC2H5C0OH
Cdt Coot g
10 Ptt
39
Ht 10 1.259 10 4
5 1.259 10 4
I 394 10
T
Z
4
X 1.259 10 3
l 137 10
5
T l 394 10 y
Bases e Alkalis
1 Ha 1 t
of hydroxide
it ion
Hydroxonium
Ht OH ion
H2O
l i 7 I
Thevalue of Kw
P't 7
pH of pure water at 298K is
I Ht yo 10
1 10 ImoI dm 3
Kw E Itt 3 E OH I
7 7
1 10 C 1 10
x
1 10
14 6 The natural level
mopdm of in water if it
greeter becomes
kw ihMre acidic
ENDO
H2Ocel Ht Caq OH Caa
EXO
KOH Kt OH
Monobasic
3
OH T 0.02 moldm
Kw Ht OH
14 13
Kwa 1 10 3
Ht 5 10 moldm
OH 0.02
13 12 3
pH log 5 10
3
20cm of 0.05 moldm HCl required 55cm3 of NaOH to neutralise
it Find the concentration of the NaOH e hence its
pH
3
AHCl Cx v 2 00 0.05 1 10 mole
NaOH t HCl NaCl t H2O
1 I
3
102
1 0.018 mol dm
Connacoit
f 55 1000
3
Monobasic OH I o 018 mol dm
Kw X1 O14 3
EAT 5.5 X lo mold m
OH
10 3 12 3
pH log 5.5
Calculating concentration strong Base
need to know s pHKw Value
calculate the concentration of Kott needed to produce
a pH of a 2 14
Kw 1 10 at RT
KOH Kt OH
Kw Kt OH 3
Ptt 12
Ht if IO 6.309 10
14
3
OH KWCH 1 58 10
12
g 6 309 10
n Cx
I 58 10 3 x 0 5 7 92 10 4
Me n x Mr
4 X
7.92 10 56 I
O 044 grams
pkg
used in place of Kee as the member is more
nicerleasierlbigger
has no units
pkg
pKa
pKa log ka
11 Ka yo
PKI
Kw 1 1014 mid'dnice at 298 K
Kw
pKw logo
Kw standard condition only
Kw 10 p
pkw log Ixion 1
K decrease in
Increase in temp in Causes a
PKI
whabpH qtell.ae
weakacid e strongBasey curve
pit of Base
CuseKw
E9uivelence Ht DPH
Kw_
µ 9 Colt
I
selectingsuitable indicater
irritant G select the indicatorthat has a pH
pH of acid 1 range inside the equivalence
Ckvu rangelregion
Ht I
l
i
I
volume of Base Can
An Acid Buffer
skitofyqqkogg.gl
weakdacid
PnE1LdaTizFho.nCH3C0OH
weak acid exist in equilibrium they do not fullydissociate
Le Chateliers principle changing condition equilibrium will shift
0poses the
change
all about Ht Ht then pH maintained
pH is maintaining is
CAsCOOH CAsCOO t Ht
Dilution HD AddingH2O d Ht so the eg'm shifts to the right
to oppose the change More CH3COOH dissociates
increasing EH13
Addingof Alkali AddingAlkali 4 EH'T by neutralization HttOH H2O
so the eg'm shifts to the rightto oppose the change
increasing EH13 More CH3COOH dissociates
Ht Kax aci
E salt
4
Ht 2 10 x o l 4
2 10 not dm 3
O L
pH logC 2 10 3.7
In exam
they may give volume of both Acid e Salt
solution before
mixing Be re This means
you have
a new overall volume
e new Acid t E salt
A student buffer by mixing 100am of 0.20 moldm 3
creates a
of propanoicacid 2 100.0cm of 025 moldm 3 sodium propanoate
Solution
Calculate the pH of the resulting buffer solution
pKa propanoic acid y 87
Hardvolume given
to mix
new volume loot too zoo cm3
new conc doubled volume Yz concentration
use
newcoqgi.to imdee CW
Innew C
o
Nfromabove
new salt 0.025 O 0125melee
Conc now
g
4 87 5
Ka 10C 1.349 10 mol dm 3
EH zH5Coo
Ka
CzHs Coo H
5
H
t Ka x acid Cl 349 10 o l
1.079 mot dm
3
Salt 0.0125
079
3.97
pit bog