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Acid and bases

Acid Bases

proton Ht donor

Brownswteerdy

Brownswkerdyoo proton Ht acceptor

StrongAcid Strong Base


eg Hd

HMOs Hasoy Eg Any group 1,2 hydroxide


Fullydissociate in solution

dissociate in solution

to produced Ht Fully
to


ag produce hydroxide ion Colt

HCl

Htt Cl NaOH Nat OH


tasty

2 Htt SOF caCow Cait t 20h

z


They neutribre acid so that


whythey accepts HI

Eg HzPoy

HF CHzCOOH NHz mythylamine CCH3MHz


do not fullydissociate not fully dissociates


Do

to produce CH 1 react with


they partially
water to

exist

in equilibrium
form colt lion

CHz

COOH T CH3COE t Ht NHz H2O I NHytt OH



CHzNHz t H2O CHzNHz OH

Monoabadasic

I motof acid release Monobasic 1 Base 1 OH
1 base


of It
med I p

Jiabasic

1 acid 2 Ht Diabasic 1 Base 2 OH


Tribasic

1 acid 3Ht Tribasic 1 Base 3 OH


calculating pH

pH logpot At Eoff fo

antilog

Finding the titty

strong acid

Asthey fully dissociate acid 3 E Ht

1.0mole Ht 7 1.0 mole

47917

2 mole

I mole E Ht

Elly 0247

weak acid

Ka is used

Strong Base

Kw

EH T.COH J

Finding pH strongacid

Find conc of acid

use stiochemistry tofind ratio of C Ht

Use logo Ht

Calculate the pH of a 0.05 mid dm folution of Hcl Cag

1 Conc of acid 0.05

2 HCl Ht t CI

l 1 Ht 0.05 mot din 3

3 pH logo 005 1.3

3
25cm3 of O l NaOH required 32cm of HS04 to

motdm

neutribre it Calculate the pH of the acid

n NaOH C XV O I X
2,0 2.5 10 3 molee

Ht f 32
2 510
0.078 mole dm
3

324000

logco CO 078 I I

pH

acid

Calculating conc

Strong

pH

Conc of Ht 10

Find the pH

Calculate Ht PH
using lo

use stiochemistry tofind conc ratio of acid

calculate the concentration of a solution of Hd

with a pH of 3.0

3 3

Ht J 10 1 10 mol dm 3

HCl Ht a

l 1

3 3

HCl7 1 10 mold ni

Calculate the concentration of H2SOy with

a pH of 2 6

2.6 2.5 10
3

Ht 10

Hasty LAT t soit

1 2

3 x2 5 10

2.5 10

Weak acid Ka

weak aciddoes not


fully dissociate Cexist in equilibrium
Ka Theequilibrium concentant of the dissociation of

weak acid

Itis the quantitave measurementof strength of weak acid

The greatervalue of Ea stronger the acid

calculating Ka

lHx H
3

The pH of 0.1 mot dm

tH 7 solution of CH3COOH is
ka

THX 7 2.9

CHIOOH CH3007 Ht ECHZCOO t.CH

ka

ECH3COO J Ht CHSCOOH

ka

µ
to

HFE F t Ht LCHzCOOH

2 9 3

EH 10 P 10 1.26 10
ka

E F Ht Z

I 26 10 3

E HF Ka 1.58 X 10
5

E O I

Calculating pH weak acid

need
The value of Ka concentration

to know of acic

The ka of a weak acid HF is 5.6 10 4 mot dm 3

Calculate the pH of a o.co mol.dm 3 Solution of

HF

HF E H t f

ka
CH HF l THT
2

AF HF

5 6 104
EAT

OF
6

Ht 5 6 10 4 0.1 5.6 10

Ht 55.6 10 6

Ht 2 37 10 3 mol dm 3

pH logo At

2 37 10 3
fog10

2 G

weakacid

Calculating concentration

Need to know Ka Value for acid pH

The pH of sample of propanoic acid was measured at


a

31 Calculate the conc of the sample

10 5 not dm

Kapropanoicacid 1.349

cz OOHFCzH5COo

tHka

CctttLEHtIC2H5C0OH

Cdt Coot g

10 Ptt
39

Ht 10 1.259 10 4

5 1.259 10 4
I 394 10
T
Z
4
X 1.259 10 3
l 137 10
5
T l 394 10 y
Bases e Alkalis

Bronsted Lowery Definition proton Ht acceptor

Metal Hydroxide Ammonia metal oxide Metal carbonate

classed as alkali not soluble in water


because are solute
they

All classed as Base


Kw the ionic product of water
water
act as
can be described
add
as
being Amphoteric it can
an a Base

1 Ha 1 t
of hydroxide
it ion
Hydroxonium
Ht OH ion
H2O
l i 7 I

kw EH 3 OH 3 B used to calculate pHof strong Bay

Thevalue of Kw
P't 7
pH of pure water at 298K is
I Ht yo 10
1 10 ImoI dm 3
Kw E Itt 3 E OH I
7 7
1 10 C 1 10
x

1 10
14 6 The natural level
mopdm of in water if it
greeter becomes
kw ihMre acidic
ENDO
H2Ocel Ht Caq OH Caa
EXO

4 temp shift to the right


Kw increases

temp shift to left


Kw decrease
Calculating pH Base
strong
need to know the conc of strong Base
Kw Ht E OH 1 10 14 molten 6
Find concentration of OH
use expression
of find Ht
use pH logo Ht
3
Calculate the pHof a 0.02 moldm solution of KOH

KOH Kt OH
Monobasic
3
OH T 0.02 moldm
Kw Ht OH
14 13
Kwa 1 10 3
Ht 5 10 moldm
OH 0.02
13 12 3
pH log 5 10
3
20cm of 0.05 moldm HCl required 55cm3 of NaOH to neutralise
it Find the concentration of the NaOH e hence its
pH
3
AHCl Cx v 2 00 0.05 1 10 mole
NaOH t HCl NaCl t H2O
1 I
3
102
1 0.018 mol dm
Connacoit
f 55 1000
3
Monobasic OH I o 018 mol dm

Kw X1 O14 3
EAT 5.5 X lo mold m
OH

10 3 12 3
pH log 5.5
Calculating concentration strong Base
need to know s pHKw Value
calculate the concentration of Kott needed to produce
a pH of a 2 14
Kw 1 10 at RT
KOH Kt OH

Kw Kt OH 3

Ptt 12
Ht if IO 6.309 10
14
3
OH KWCH 1 58 10
12
g 6 309 10

what massof KOH would be needed to create too om3 of


Kott with a
pit of III

n Cx
I 58 10 3 x 0 5 7 92 10 4

Me n x Mr
4 X
7.92 10 56 I

O 044 grams
pkg
used in place of Kee as the member is more
nicerleasierlbigger
has no units
pkg
pKa
pKa log ka
11 Ka yo

The higherthe value of pEa the weaker the acid


The lower the value the stronger the acid
pKa
propanoicaa.dk
1 35xlO weak acid
methanoicacid 1.78 104 3.75
strong acid

PKI
Kw 1 1014 mid'dnice at 298 K
Kw
pKw logo
Kw standard condition only
Kw 10 p
pkw log Ixion 1

K decrease in
Increase in temp in Causes a
PKI
whabpH qtell.ae
weakacid e strongBasey curve

pit of Base
CuseKw
E9uivelence Ht DPH
Kw_
µ 9 Colt
I
selectingsuitable indicater
irritant G select the indicatorthat has a pH
pH of acid 1 range inside the equivalence
Ckvu rangelregion
Ht I
l
i
I
volume of Base Can

calculate the Ka for the weak acid


A Find the volume of base needed to neutraliseacid
B Halve that volume C k volume
c Find pH at ya volume At this
D ka lo
pKa
point 1ptt pka.LI
use the equation
How do buffer work

A buffer solution maintains an approximately constant


EH despite the addiction of

adding water to dilute


water the pit remains the
Same

Small amount of acid


Small amount of alkali

An Acid Buffer
skitofyqqkogg.gl
weakdacid
PnE1LdaTizFho.nCH3C0OH
weak acid exist in equilibrium they do not fullydissociate
Le Chateliers principle changing condition equilibrium will shift
0poses the
change
all about Ht Ht then pH maintained
pH is maintaining is

CAsCOOH CAsCOO t Ht
Dilution HD AddingH2O d Ht so the eg'm shifts to the right
to oppose the change More CH3COOH dissociates
increasing EH13
Addingof Alkali AddingAlkali 4 EH'T by neutralization HttOH H2O
so the eg'm shifts to the rightto oppose the change
increasing EH13 More CH3COOH dissociates

Addingof acid Addingacid T Ht Equi shifts to the left to opposes


thechange by CHzCoo from Salt associates with H
t
to form CH H decreasing Ht
need to know
Calculating the pH of an acid buffer
ka calculation
need to know conc Acid salt conc Ka of acid
Q Calculate the pH of butter that contain 0.1 moldm 3 ethanoic
a
acid O l mot din 3 of sodium ethanoate where the
Ka ofethanoicacid 2 10 4 mot dm 3

Ka H H3CO5 This is the conc of salt


CCHsCOOH

Ht Kax aci
E salt
4
Ht 2 10 x o l 4
2 10 not dm 3
O L

pH logC 2 10 3.7

In exam
they may give volume of both Acid e Salt
solution before
mixing Be re This means
you have
a new overall volume
e new Acid t E salt
A student buffer by mixing 100am of 0.20 moldm 3
creates a
of propanoicacid 2 100.0cm of 025 moldm 3 sodium propanoate
Solution
Calculate the pH of the resulting buffer solution
pKa propanoic acid y 87
Hardvolume given
to mix
new volume loot too zoo cm3
new conc doubled volume Yz concentration
use
newcoqgi.to imdee CW
Innew C
o
Nfromabove
new salt 0.025 O 0125melee
Conc now
g

4 87 5
Ka 10C 1.349 10 mol dm 3

EH zH5Coo
Ka
CzHs Coo H
5
H
t Ka x acid Cl 349 10 o l
1.079 mot dm
3

Salt 0.0125

079
3.97
pit bog

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