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Cockroaches are insects and as such, they have an exoskeleton. The outer hull of insects is
made up of chitin, a proteinaceous substance akin to keratin which makes up our hair and
fingernails. The exoskeleton is extremely sturdy and rigid by necessity. Unlike the bones in
fish and mammals, exoskeletons do not grow with the animal. This is why all insects have to
shed their skin at some point if they are to grow larger.
From egg to adulthood cockroaches go through 4 – 5 molting stages. The number of molts
depend on the species of cockroach you’re dealing with. At each stage they shed their skin
and emerge as a white roach. The animals appear white because the pigment in the new skin
has not developed yet. This is a chemical process that can take several hours. The skin takes
a few minutes to harden enough for the roach to be able to move. This is because the outer
shell is so soft that the muscles inside pull them out of shape instead of moving them as
intended.
If you find a white roach, you may notice it less responsive or slower to run than its buddies.
In order to get rid of the old exoskeleton, a new one has to grow under the skin. It needs to
be larger than the previous version. It also has to be soft and flexible, to allow the animal and
its new skin to be crammed into the increasingly tight space. After a certain period of time,
the insect goes into molt, a process where the old skin splits open and the newly formed
insect emerges. The roach swallows air to inflate its new skin into the right proportions.
This is when the roach is most vulnerable. The new skin is soft and the animal can’t move as
well with a soft body, thus leaving it at the mercy of predators and other various dangers.
Cockroaches tend to molt in their harbour areas, hidden away from danger and in the safety
of numbers. It’s for this reason white cockroaches are a rare sight out in the open, not
because they are actually rare.
WHY THEY ARE WHITE : PROCESS OF MOLTING
Cockroaches belong to the arthropods’ group. To grow larger, arthropods should shed their
exoskeleton. This procedure is called molting. When a roach is ready for molting, it develops
a new exoskeleton – skeleton on the outside – inside of the old one. The cockroach gets out
of the old and used exoskeleton with a new one that is soft and flexible. Important When
roaches become nymphs they shed their skin. During this period of time (just a few hours)
they appear white creating an unusual sight. The shell and color of these white guys will
quickly develop back to its usual dark or brown color as well as hardened state. After molting,
the roach is vulnerable and defenseless until the new flexible exoskeleton hardens.
Therefore roaches molt in dark places like walls and cabinets. Usually, it takes just a few
hours for the new cockroach exoskeleton to harden. The cockroach darkens until it looks like
all of the other roaches of that species. If you see a good number of white roaches on your
property you have a mature population. It is a significant problem. Don’t wait until it
becomes a huge one.