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TIMBER DESIGN - DRAFTING

FTMBERDL

PAST BOARD EXAM PROBLEM


COMPILATIONS

College of Engineering
National University – Manila

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the


Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

October 11, 2018

ENGR. CHRISTIAN B. ACOSTA


Instructor
FTMBRDL

PROBLEM 1: A 9m high retaining wall is laterally supported at the top and fixed at the base. The
wall resist active earth pressure increasing from 0 at top to 52 KN/m at the base per meter length
along the longitudinal axis.

1. Determine the design moment at the base apply FEM equation at the top and at the
base.
EI constant.
2. The lateral support at the top of the wall was removed determine the design moment at the
base.
3. Determine the resulting base shear if the wall is free at the top.

PROBLEM 2: The cylinder in the figure are piled in a rectangular ditch as shown. Neglecting
friction. Radius of cylinders A, B, C are 4, 6, and 5m.

1. Which of the following gives the reaction between A


and B.
2. Which of the following gives the reaction between
the wall and B.
3. Which of the following gives the reaction between
floor and A.
PROBLEM 3: The arch shown is hinged at A, B and C.

Given: S = 6m H = 6m
= 240 KN = 90 KN

1.) What is the Vertical Reaction (kN) at A


2.) Find the Horizontal Reaction (kN) at the hinged B toward C.
3.) Calculate the Vertical Reaction at the hinged B towards A.

PROBLEM 4: A double-angle tension member, 100 mm x 100 mm x 8 mm is subjected to a tensile


load, P = 210 kN. The diagonal member is on a slope 2V:H and is connected to the supporting beam
by a wide tee.
S1 = 38 mm t1 = 16 mm
S2 = 75 mm t2 = 16 mm
S3 = 100 mm t3 = 16 mm

Allowable strength: and stresses:


Yield Strength, Fy = 248 MPa
Ultimate Strength, Fu = 400 MPa
Bolt Shear Strength, Fv = 150 MPa
Bolt Tensile Stress, Ft = 195 MPa
Bolt Bearing Stress, Fp = 1.5Fu
Assume that the bolts are equally loaded.

1.) Determine the required diameter “d 1” (mm) of the 3 bolts in shear connecting the double-angle
member to the wide tee.
2.) Determine the required diameter “d 2” (mm) of the four bolts in tension connecting the wide tee
to the flange of the supporting beam.
3.) Determine the required diameter “d 2” (mm) of the four bolts connecting the wide tee to the
flange supporting beam.

PROBLEM 5: A 15 m. long precast pile is to be lifted at two points from casting bed.

1.) At what equal distance from the ends should the pile be lifted so that the maximum bending
stress is the least possible?
2.) At what equal distance from the ends should the pile be lifted so that the resulting shear is
smallest?
3.) As the pile is being lifted, its left end is laid on the ground while it is supported at 2.5 m. from the
right end. At this instance what is the resulting maximum positive moment due to its weight of 8.5
KN/M.

PROBLEM 6: A wooden log is to be used as a foot bridge to span a 2 m. gap. The log is to support
to a concentrated load of 27 kN.

Allowable Shear Stress = 1.2 MPa


Allowable Bending Stress = 6.3 MPa

1.) What is the diameter of the log needed for a maximum shear?
2.) Find the diameter of the log needed so that the allowable bending stress is not exceeded.
3.) A 150 wide rectangular log is to be used instead of the circular log. What is the required
minimum depth of the log so as not to exceed the allowable bending stre ss?
PROBLEM 7: A crane supports the load W as shown.

1. If W = 24 kN find the total reaction at B neglecting the weight of the boom.

2. If the allowable tension of cable AC is 48 kN, find the maximum value of W. Neglect the weight of
boom.

3. If the boom (mast) weighs 8 kN and the allowable tension of the cable AC is 50 kN. Find the
maximum value of W.

PROBLEM 8: For the truss shown in Figure AN36- 2058, P1 = 13 kN and P2 = 6.5 kN.

1. Find the reaction at B in kN


2. If an additional vertical load of W = 27.5 kN if applied at D, find the reaction at B in kN.
3. If an additional load of W = 27.5 kN if applied at D, what will be the axial force in member CD
in kN?
PROBLEM 9: The rigid beam AB shown supports a load W at B. The beam is hinged at A and
supported by a steel cable CD at C. The cable is 36 mm in diameter and 3 m long. Use E = 200 GPa. L 1
= 1.8 m, L2 = 1.2 m. Neglect the weight of the beam.

1. If W = 80 kN, what is the vertical deflection of point B ?


2. If the allowable stress of cable CD is 124 MPa. what is the maximum value of W?
3. Find W if the strain of cable CD is 0.002 mm/mm.

PROBLEM 10: A concrete pad is shown in Figure.

1. Find L so that the pressure at the base of the pad is uniform.


2. Calculate the uniform upward load "w" if the shear at 5 meters from the left end is zero.
3. Find the point of zero moment from the left end.

PROBLEM 11: A steel pipe column is supported on a circular steel base plate and a concrete
pedestal. Column ends are hinged and sidesway is prevented.
Given: Axial load = 80Kn
Column outside diameter = 260mm
Column unsupported length = 3m
Allowable compressive strength = 55MPa
Allowable bearing stress on the pedestal = 10MPa

1. What is the minimum required thickness of the column based on the allowable compressive
stress?
2. Find the minimum required diameter of the base plate.
3. If the thickness of the column is 10mm, calculate the slenderness ratio.

P=800kN

D=200
3m

PROBLEM 12:
Given the following girder properties:

A = 1500mm2 tw = 10mm
d = 350mm Ix = 266x106mm4
tr = 16mm Iy = 45x106mm4
b1 = 250mm Fy = 248 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200Gpa
Allowable flexural stress, F b = 148MPa
Allowable shear stress, F b = 99MPa

1. What is the flexural capacity of the girder?


2. Find the web shear capacity.
3. How much is the horizontal shear capacity (kN) at the neutral axis?
250

16

159
N.A
350

10

PROBLEM 13:
Given:
P = 40kN
W = 8kN/m
L1 = 2.5m
L2 = 0.3m

1. Which of the following gives the bending moment at C?


2. Which of the following gives the twisting moment at C?
3. Which of the following gives the shear at C?

P=40kN
w=8kN

L2 = 0.3m
L1 = 2.5m

PROBLEM 14: A rigid bin holds three identical cylinders stacked as shown in the figure. Each
cylinder is 0.6 m in diameter and weighs 800 N. the bin is 1.20 m wide. Neglect friction.
Determine the total reaction at A in N.
Determine the total reaction at D in N.
Determine the total reaction at G in N.

PROBLEM 15: An open cylindrical tank 500 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick is subjected to an
internal pressure and axial tensile force, resulting to the final stresses given in the Mohr’s circle
shown.

Given:
a = 30 MPa, b = 90 MPa,
c = 40 MPa

What is the magnitude of the internal pressure in MPa?


What is the magnitude of the axial force in kN?
What is the maximum shearing stress (MPa) in the cylinder walls?

PROBLEM 16: A square post is made of two parts, glued at plane abcd with an angle of α = 30o
with the vertical. The allowable compressive stress at the glue is 5.2 MPa and the allowable shearing
stress is 3.5 MPa. The axial load P = 36 kN.

What is the minimum post dimension w (mm) without


exceeding the allowable compressive stress at the glue?

What is the minimum post dimension w (mm) without


exceeding the allowable shearing stress at the glue?
What angle α will give the maximum shearing stress?
PROBLEM 17:
Given the shear diagram of a simple beam as shown. Assume no concentrated moment acts on the
beam.

10.5 0.5

11.5
2.0m 4.0m 2.0m

PROBLEM 18: A wooden planks 300mm wide and 75 mm thick are used as temporary earth
retaining wall driven vertically into the ground. The wall is designed to resist 2.40 m height of soil.
Unit weight of soil is 17.3 kn/ with = 1/3. Allowable bending and shearing stresses of wood
plank are 10.4 MPa and 0.8 MPa respectively.

1. Calculate the maximum bending stress in plank in MPa.


2. Calculate the maximum shearing stress in the plank in MPa.
PROBLEM 19: Frame ACGE is on hinge support at A and E and braced at B and F to resist force
T=18 Kn. Dimensions a= 2m, b=1m, c=1m

1. Calculate the reaction at D in KN.


2. Calculate the stress in brace BD if it is made of pipe of diameter 75mm and thickness
of 6mm
3. If brace AB is connected to BD consist of two flat bars and bolted to post AC at B
using 20-mm Diameter bolt, compute the average shear stress (MPa) in the bolt.

PROBLEM 20:
F G H P4

A B C D E
a b c d
P2 P3
P1
For the plane truss shown in the figure, a = 3m, b = 2.25m, h = 3m, P 1 = 1 kN, P2 = 3 kN, P3 = 3 kN, and
P4 = 1.5 kN. The diagonal members CF, BG, DG, and CH are cables.

What is the force in member BF, member DG and member DH?

PROBLEM 21:
W1 W2
d
A B C
3m 22m
A truck with axle loads of W1 = 19.6 kN and W2 = 78.6 kN on wheel base of d= 4.3 m rolls across the
beam shown in the figure. Determine the following:

The maximum positive moment that can be developed in the beam.

The maximum negative moment that can be developed in the beam.

The maximum negative shear that can be developed in the beam

PROBLEM 22:

B 3kN/m

3m

A 54kN/m

A 3-m high cantilever retaining wall is acted on by an active force that varies uniformly form 3 kN/m
at the top to 54 kN/m at the base. Assume that the flexural rigidity of the wall is constant. See figure
above.

Compute the maximum moment in the wall.

If the wall is simply supported at the top, compute the maximum moment in the wall.

If the wall is simply supported at the top, compute the maximum shear in the wall.
Solutions and Answers

PROBLEM 1:
 Design moment at the base when the top is lateral

=0

 Design moment at the base when the support at the top was removed.

 Base shearing if the wall if the lateral support is removed at the top:

PROBLEM 2:
 Reaction between A and B

 Reaction between the wall and B

 Reaction between floor and A

PROBLEM 3:

1. Vertical Reaction at A

(6)(6) = 240(5) (6) + 90(6) (4) + 90(2) (6) + 240(6)

= 330 KN

2. Horizontal Reaction at the hinged B toward C.


8 = 240(6) +90(12)

= 31.5 KN (Horizontal Reaction at B towards C)

3. Vertical Reaction at the hinge at B towards A.

= 240(2) + 90(2)

= 480 + 180 – 330

= 330 KN

= 240 at 90

= 330

PROBLEM 4:
1.) Diameter of the 3 bolts in shear connecting the double-angle member to the wide tee

Ft

210

Fh

5
2

Ft = 187.83 kN Fh = 93.91 kN

(double shear)

d = 17.23 mm
2. Diameter of the four bolts in tension connecting the wide tee to the flange of the supporting
beam.

d = 14.12 mm

3. Diameter of the four bolts connecting the wide tee to the flange of the supporting beam

d = 17.5 mm

PROBLEM 5:

1.) Equal distance from the ends where the pile could be lifted for minimum bending stress

For minimum bending stress to occur M1 = M2

M1 = M2 (do not include the sign of M1, use


absolute values only)
x = 3.10 m

2. Equal distance from the ends where the piles will be lifted so that the resulting shear is the
smallest

wx = 7.5w – wx
x = 7.5 – x
x = 3.75 m

3. Resulting positive moment if the pile is lifted at 2.5 m. from the right end due to its weight of
8.5 kN/m

∑MR1 = 0
12.5R2 = 8.5 (15)(7.5)
R2 = 76.5
R1+R2 = 8.5(15)
R1 = 51

8.5x = 51
x =6
Positive moment

M = 153 kN∙m
PROBLEM 6:
1.) Diameter of log needed for a maximum shear.
For maximum shear, the 27 kN should be placed at the end of the log.

27 kN

2m

R2 R1

∑MR2 = 0

2R1 = 27 kN (2)

R1 = 27 kN

A = 30000

D = 195.4 mm

2.) For a maximum moment placed the load at the center

27 kN

2m
M= 13.5 kN∙m

D = 280 mm

3.) Minimum depth of rectangular log

d = 300 mm.

PROBLEM 7:
Parts 1 & 2: Neglecting the weight of the boom, boom BC may be considered a two force
member. The forces can be solved by method of joints.

Considering the forces at joint C:

T
Part 1: W = 24kN

W
9m

B
A
8m 4m
Part 2: T = 48kN
C
Part 3:

T
9m

A 8m B 4m

PROBLEM 8:

Part 1:

Part 2:

Part 3:

At joint D,
PROBLEM 9:

B
A

Part 1: W = 80kN

Part 2: Allowable stress,

Part 3: Strain,
PROBLEM 10:
10.5m
x

1.5m

5m
x

Part 2:

Part 3:
PROBLEM 11:

1. Minimum required thickness of the column based on the allowable compressive stress.

S =P/A
P=800kN
55 = 800,000 / (π/4)(D+d)
D + d = 18520
d2 = (260) 2 – 18520
d = 222 mm
3m
Thickness of pipe column:

2t + 222 – 260
T = 18 say 20mm

D=200

2. Minimum required diameter of the base plate.

S =P/A

10 = 800,000 / A
A = 80,000

Diameter of base plate:

π d2 / 4 = 80,000
d= 319.2 say 320mm

3. Critical slenderness ratio if the thickness of the column is 10mm.

A= (π/4) [ (260) 2 +(240) 2 ]


A=7854 mm2

I = (π/4) [ (260) 2 +(240) 2 ] / 64


I = 61.46x106 mm2

Radius of gyration

r=
=
r = 88.46mm

Slenderness ratio:
KL = 1.0 (3000) = 33.9
r 88.46
PROBLEM 12:
250

1. Flexural capacity of the girder


16
350
Fb = MC/I
159
N.A 350

148 = M(175) / 266x104 350

M= 225 kn.m 350

2. Web shear capacity

Fv = V / dt
99 = V / (350)(10)
V = 346.5 kN 10

3. Horizontal shear capacity

Fx = VQ/Ib
Q = 250(16)(167) + 159(10)(159/2)
Q= 794405

Fx = VQ/Ib
99 = V(794405) / 266x104 (10)
V= 331 kN

PROBLEM 13:

P=40kN
w=8kN

L2 = 0.3m

L1 = 2.5m

1. Bending Moment at C
Moment at C:
M = 8(25) 2 + 40(2.5) = 125 Kn.m
2. Twisting Moment at C

Mc = 40(0.3) = 12 Kn.m

3. Shear at C

Vc = 40 + 8(25) = 60 kN

PROBLEM 14:
Given:
W = 800 N

By symmetry, RA = RB

ΣFV = 0
2 RA cos 30o = 800
RA = 461.88 N = R B

In cylinder 2:
ΣFH = 0
RD = RA cos 60o
RD = 230.94 N

ΣFV = 0
RF = W + R A sin 60o
RF = 800 + 461.88 sin 60o
RF = 1200 N

OR: RF = RG = ½ (3W) = 1200 N

PROBLEM 15:

C = ½ (30 + 90) = 60
2
R = 402 +(60-30) = 50

σmin = C – R = 60 – 50
σmin = 10 MPa

σmax = C + R = 60 + 50
σmax = 110 MPa

max = R = 50 MPa
Note: As stated in the problem, the tank is open, and if the base of the tank rest on the floor, the
internal pressure (due to liquid in the tank) does not cause longitudinal stress in the tank, or σL = 0.

The stress due to internal pressure “p” is σmin = 10 MPa

σ= 10 =

p = 0.12 MPa

The stress due to axial force F is σmax = 110 MPa

σ= 110 =

p = 518.36 kN

PROBLEM 16:
Axial load, P = 36 kN
Angle of plane to the vertical, α = 30o
Allowable compressive stress at the glue, σabcd = 5.2 MPa
Allowable shearing stress at the glue, abcd = 3.5 MPa

= 90o – α = 60o

Axial stress in the post, σ =

Part 1:

σabcd = σ cos2 θ 5.2 = cos2 60o

w = 41.6 mm

Part 2:

abcd = σ sin θ cos θ 3.5 = sin 60o cos 60o

w = 66.74 mm

Part 3:
The angle α that will give the maximum shear stress is 45o.
PROBLEM 17:

10 12

10.5 0.5

21 23

PROBLEM 18:
H = 2.4 m Fb = 10.4 MPa

ϒs = 17.3 kN / m3 Fv = 0.8 MPa

Ka = 1/3 t = 75 mm

Cross-sectional dimensions of the plank = 300 mm wide × 75 mm thick

Consider 1 meter width of wall ( b = 1m )

Fa = ½ Ka ϒs H 2 Fa = ½ (1/3)(17.3)(2.4) 2

Fa = 16.608 kN
Mbase = Fa x H/3 Mbase = 16.608 (2.4 / 3 )

Mbase = 13.286 kN – m

fb =

fb =

fb=14.17 MPa ← answer for part 1

fv =

fv =

fv=0.332 MPa ← answer for part 2

Minimum thickness of plank to prevent failure

From part (1)


(fb = 14.17 MPa) > (Fb = 10.4 MPa) ← failed in bending

From part (2)


(fv = 0.332 MPa) < (Fv = 0.8 MPa) ← passed in shear

To prevent failure, increase the thickness of the plank according to bending

fb =

10.4 =

d=87.55 mm

Use d = 90 mm ← answer for part 3

PROBLEM 19:
Considering Post Ac:

∑MA= 0

FBD sin 45 (1) = 18 (3)

FBD= 76.368 KN ; Since member BD is a two- faced member, RD = FBD= 76.368 KN

fBD = FBD / ABD ; ABD= π/4 (752-632)

ABD= 1300.619 mm2

FBD= 76.368 / 1300.619 = 58.72 MPa

fv= FBD / AV
AV= 2×π/4 (20)2 = 628.32 mm

fv= 76.368 / 628.319 = 121.5 MPa

PROBLEM 20:
Notes : - Cables carry tensile force only

-For two diagonal cables, both cannot be in tension at the same time.

x y
F G H 1.5 kN

3m
EH = 1.5
kN
A B C D E
3m 3m 2.25m 2.25m

1 kN Bv = 4.7 kN 3kN 3kN Ev = 2.3


kN

Ʃ ME = 0 BV (7.5) – 1 (10.5) – 3(4.5) – 3(2.25) – 1.5(3) = 0

BV = 4.7 kN
F H 1.5 kN
FCF FCH = 0

3m
3.7kN FDG 1.5
kN
A B FBG = 0 0.7 kN α D E

1 kN 4.7 kN 3kN 2.3 kN

Section x-x Section y-y

Section x-x

The Required cable force for equilibrium is 3.7 kN downward. Cable BG cannot support this
load because it will introduce compression on the cable, hence FBG = 0.
At joint B, FBF = Bv = 4.7 kN

Section y-y

tan α = 3/2.25 ; α = 53.13o

The required net vertical cable force for equilibrium is 0.7 kN upward. Thus FCH = 0.

FDG sin α = 0.7 ; FDG = 0.875 kN

At joint D

FDH + FDG sin α = 3 FDH = 3 – 0.875 sin α ; FDH = 2.3 kN


PROBLEM 21:

W1 W2
d
A B C
3m 22m

Part 1 : Maximum positive moment occurs when the loads are within span BC.

Smaller Load, P s = W1 = 19.6 kN

Total Load, P = W1 + W2 = 98.2 kN

Span Length, L = 22 m

d = 4.3 m

MMax = ( PL – Ps d) 2 MMax = (98.2(22) – 19.6(4.3)) 2

4PL 4 ( 98.2)(22)

MMax = 498.78 kN-m

Part 2 : Maximum negative moment

W1 W2

B C

3m 22m

The maximum negative moment at B when the heaviest load (W2) is at point A as shown.

MMax = W2 (3) MMax = -78.6 (3)

MMax = -235.8 kN-m

Part 3 : Maximum Shear

W1 W2

A B C

3m 22m

RC
The maximum shear is at C when the heavier load is at that point.

Ʃ MB = 0 RC (22) = W1 (17.7) + W2 (22)

RC = 94.369 kN

VMax = RC = 94.369 kN

PROBLEM 22:

Part 1 : MA = 3/2 (3)(3) (2/3)(3) + 3/2 (3)(54)(1/3)(3)

MA = 90 kN-m

Part 2 & 3

RB = 3/8 W1L + 1/10 W2 L RB = 3/8 (3)(3) + 1/10 (54)(3)

RB =18.675 kN

MMax = MA = 18.675 (3) – 3(3)(1.5) – ½(3)(51)(1)

MMax = MA = -33.975 kN-m

V Max = V A = 3(3) + ½ (3)(51) – 18.675

VMax = VA = 66.85 kN

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