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ENGLISH 2

Page 1
1 WEATHER
1 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. What are the four seasons?
b. Which is your favorite season, spring, summer, fall or winter? Why?
c. What activities do you like to do in the summer?
d. What activities do you like to do in the winter?
e. Do you prefer sunny or rainy days? Why?
f. What activities do you usually do when it is raining?
g. Does it snow in your city?
h. What activities can people do when it is snowing?
i. What is the average temperature in you city in the winter?
j. What is the average temperature in the spring?
k. What is the average temperature in the summer?
l. What is the average temperature in the fall?
m. What is the temperature today?

2 VOCABULARY
i. Match these adjectives with their respective temperatures.
TEMPERATURE ADJECTIVES


37º Celsius SCORCHING (very hot)

30º Celsius COOL

23º Celsius HOT

16º Celsius FREEZING (very cold)

11º Celsius WARM


CHILLY
5º Celsius
COLD 

-3º Celsius

Page 2
3 READING
i. Read the text and answer: What’s the difference between climate and weather?
CLIMATE & WEATHER
• Weather is the short-term changes in the temperature, humidity, precipitation,
visibility, wind and atmospheric pressure. In most cases, weather can change from
hour-to-hour or day-to-day.
• Climate is the long-term weather conditions, for example if it is usually rainy and
humid or if it is usually a dry region. Climate is the expected weather over a long
period of time, for example the last 5 years.

DICTIONARY

short-term: short period of time pressure: physical force against a thing
precipitation: rain, snow that falls long-term: long period of time


3b READING
i. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, them read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

4 VOCABULARY
i. Check new vocabulary, then put the words in the correct category:

spring - sunny - windy - hurricane - summer - fall (autumn) - typhoon - cyclone - winter -
freezing - snowing - storm - blizzard - warm - clear - cloudy - drought - flood - chilly -
foggy - cold - cool - drizzling - raining - hailing - hot - scorching

SEASONS TEMPERATURE WEATHER EXTREME


WEATHER
spring freezing sunny
hurricane

Page 3
5 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. What’s the weather like today?* [*Can you describe the weather today?}
b. What was the weather like yesterday?
c. What’s the climate in the summer in your city?
d. What’s your favorite kind of weather?
e. Where did you go on your last vacation?
f. What was the weather like then?
g. Have you ever experienced extreme weather?
h. What do you know about hurricanes?

6 LISTENING
i. Listen to a weather report on track 1.2 and answer these questions.
a. Where is the weather report from?
b. What’s the weather like there?

7 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.2 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. The man has a lot of food in his house.
b. The roads are really busy.
c. The hurricane is coming towards New York.
d. They rarely get hurricanes in Florida.
e. Each year all people leave the city.
f. Hurricane Helen is not very strong.
g. Research shows the number of hurricanes is decreasing.

8 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.2 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

Page 4
9 TRANSCRIPT
TRACK 1.2 - Reporter, Man, Woman, Chief of police
R: Only two things are happening in Florida right now, waiting or leaving. The people of
Florida are either waiting for Hurricane Helen, or they’re leaving in their cars.
M: I’m staying here. I have a lot of food in my house and, at the moment, I’m covering
the windows with wood. I know about the danger, especially after Hurricane Katrina, but,
well, I’m not leaving.
W: I’m getting out of here. They’re saying that this is a really dangerous hurricane and I
don’t want to meet it. Of course, the roads are really busy because many people are
leaving.
R: The hurricane’s moving north across the Caribbean Sea and it’s coming towards
Florida. Strong winds and heavy rain are hitting the coast, and the hurricane is getting
bigger and faster. It’s now a category four hurricane, which means the wind speed is 100
kilometers per hour… I’m now in the police station with the chief of police.
C: Our emergency plan’s going well. As you know, we often get hurricanes in Florida so
we know what to do. We do this kind of thing every year, and this summer is no different.
On the streets, my men are doing their jobs and they’re checking that people are safe.
Each year some people leave the area, and others stay. Either way, we always help
everyone.
R: Hurricane Helen is a very strong hurricane. And the question is, why are there more
strong hurricanes every year? Research shows that the number of strong hurricanes is
increasing and that they’re getting stronger. Some scientists say this is because of
global warming. The sea’s getting hotter and warm seas cause hurricanes. The
American government doesn’t agree with this connection between global warming and
hurricanes. Right now though, the people of Florida are just trying to save their houses
and their lives. This is Joanne Webb, live from Florida. Back to Nick in the studio.

DICTIONARY

covering: protecting with something either way: in both cases
getting out of here: leaving, departing research: study
towards: in direction to global warming: gradual increase in the
temperature of the planet 

hitting: affecting, destroying

10 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.2 again and say what you remember from it.

Page 5
11 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. What extreme weather conditions are there in your country?
b. What problems can extreme weather cause?
c. What is fall like in your country?
d. What is winter like?
e. What’s spring like?
f. What’s summer like?
g. What do you know about the climate in New Zealand?
h. What do you know about the climate in the US?
i. What do you know about the climate in South Africa?

12 READING
i. Read the text and answer: In your opinion, which is the most serious situation. Why?
WEATHER REPORTS
• New Orleans: It’s three days after Hurricane Katrina hit the US coast, but New Orleans
is still suffering from strong winds and heavy rain. Thousands of residents are waiting
for help. Half of the city is underwater and many houses were completely destroyed.
• South Africa: The green fields of South Africa are turning brown. After two very cold
and dry winters and really hot summers, the countryside of South Africa is
experiencing a really serious drought. Many kinds of fish are dying because many
lakes are now dry.
• New Zealand: After yesterday’s blizzard, the police in New Zealand are using
helicopters to rescue people in the countryside. It’s still very cold and the snow is
causing problems for the rescue team. Helicopters are the only means of
transportation at the moment.

DICTIONARY

hit: attack, affect turning brown: becoming brown,
loosing its green color
still suffering: continue to be affected
rescue people: help or save people
residents: inhabitants, people
means of transportation: mode of
half of the city: 50% of the city
transport

underwater: covered with water

Page 6
ii.Read the text again and answer these questions.
a. How much of New Orleans is underwater?
b. What are the residents of New Orleans doing?
c. Why are the green fields of South Africa turning brown?
d. What is happening to fish? Why?
e. What is the weather like in New Zealand?
f. What are the policemen doing?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

13 VOCABULARY
i. Read these LEISURE ACTIVITIES with the verb GO to check new vocabulary,
then listen and repeat. 

go horse riding go sightseeing go camping
go skiing go trekking go fishing
go skating go jogging go dancing
go skateboarding go running go bowling
go sledding go climbing go hunting
go cycling go hiking go sailing
go swimming go bungee jumping go surfing
go mountain biking go sky diving go canoeing 


14 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then answer these questions.
a. Which of these activities are water sports?
b. Which of these activities can you do in the city?
c. Which of these activities did you already try in the past?
d. Which of these activities would you like to try in the future?
e. Which is your favorite kind of vacation, in the countryside or at the coast? Why?
f. Which of these activities do you like to do when you are on vacation?

Page 7
15 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. When you are on vacation do you prefer to relax or to do exciting activities?
b. Do you prefer to plan your vacation yourself or contact a travel agency? Why?
c. Have you ever bought a holiday package? How was it?
d. Which places would you like to visit in South America?
e. Would you like to buy a holiday package to South America? Why?
f. Imagine you are a travel agent. What two places would you suggest for a holiday
package in South America? Why did you suggest these places?

16 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.3 where two travel agents are discussing to choose a new travel
destinations for a new vacation package and answer: Which vacation destinations
are they talking about?

17 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.3 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. The Antarctic wildlife cruise is a great idea.
b. Nobody loves penguins.
c. Horse riding is always popular.
d. The trip should be in the rainy season.
e. The holiday season is 3 months long.

18 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.3 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

Page 8
19 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.3 - Simon, Dianna
S: So, Diana, any thoughts?
D: Well, I like the sound of Argentina. I think the Antarctic wildlife cruise is a great
idea.
S: Mmm, so do I. It’s unusual and everyone loves penguins. Erm, any problems with this
trip?
D: Well, I suppose the season for the Antarctic trip is short; November to February,
that’s only about four months long.
S: Yeah, I agree, and I don’t like the weather in the mountains.
D: No, neither do I. It’s windy and changeable in the summer. But is that a problem for
our customers? They like adventure after all!
S: True, but it’s not nice walking in the wind all the time. In fact I don’t like the activities,
they’re very ordinary.
D: Don’t you? I do. Horse riding is always popular and everyone can go trekking. I think
those activities are fine, especially if we want to attract first-timers.
S: Well, I’m not sure. I think our customers want new activities, or unusual ones.
Anyway, what about Belize?
D: Well, I think this is excellent because the activities look interesting.
S: And exciting!
D: Exactly! Diving in clear blue water, white-water rafting. In fact, I don’t think there are
any problems with the activities.
S: Neither do I. But what about the weather? When’s the best time to go?
D: Well, I think the trips should be in the dry season.
S: Yes, so do I, especially because of hurricanes in the rainy season.
D: Yes, and also it’s a little cooler from November to May.
S: So, how long is the holiday season? Let’s see, erm, November, December, January,
February, March, April, May… How many’s that?
D: Seven months, I think that’s good.
S: Do you? I’m not sure. In the USA, the holiday seasons are longer. And also, I don't
want to offer trips anywhere near the hurricane season. You know that hurricanes are
getting stronger and stronger and, well, we don’t know what’s happening really.
D: Sure, so let’s say the holiday season is six months long.
S: Ok! Fine. So, which do you prefer?
D: Personally, I prefer Belize to Argentina.
S: Mmm, so do I, but the Antarctic cruise is a great idea. Let’s look at the other two, and
then decide.
Page 9
DICTIONARY

any thoughts: any ideas don’t you? I do: I disagree
I like the sound of: it is a good idea first-timers: people doing an activity for
the first time
wildlife cruise: a trip by boat to see wild
animals well, I’m not sure: I disagree
so do I: I agree do you? I’m not sure: I disagree
well, I suppose: I think holiday seasons: period of vacation

neither do I: I agree

20 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.3 again and say what you remember from it.

21 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Which holiday package do you prefer the Antarctic Cruise or Belize? Why?
b. Where do you usually travel on vacation?
c. What kind of activities do you like to do when you are on vacation?
d. What was your best vacation ever? Why?
e. In your opinion, what is the best holiday destination in your country? What sort of
activities can you do there?
f. In your opinion, what is the best holiday destination abroad? What sort of activities
can you do there?

22 PRONUNCIATION TIP
• When a word finishes in a consonant sound and the next word starts in a vowel
sound we pronounce both sounds together. Listen and repeat.
a. Police officer →POLIC+OFFICER → <poli-SOficer>
b. I have a lot of food I HAV+A+LOT+OF+FOOD → <IHA-vaLO-to-food>
c. Chief of police → CHIEF+OF POLIC → <CHIE-fov-POlic>
d. I’m getting out of here →I’M GETTIN+OUT+OF HERE → <I’m-getti-NOu-TOV-
here>
e. I get to go → I GE+TO+GO <IGETAGO>

Page 10
23 GRAMMAR - AGREEING with AFFIRMATIVE
AGREEING with AFFIRMATIVE sentences - GENERAL VERBS
I PLAY TENNIS SO DO I. I DO TOO. ME TOO.

I DANCE WELL SO DO I. I DO TOO. ME TOO.

I LIVE IN THE US SO DO I. I DO TOO. ME TOO.

I SPEAK GOOD ENGLISH SO DO I. I DO TOO. ME TOO.

I LOVE MY JOB SO DO I. I DO TOO. ME TOO.

I HAVE A CAR SO DO I. I DO TOO. ME TOO.

I WATCH MOVIES SO DO I. I DO TOO. ME TOO.

I GO SWIMMING SO DO I. I DO TOO. ME TOO.

I speak good English.

I live in Sao Paulo.

I have a cellphone.

I sometimes listen to music.

I often watch Netflix.

AGREEING with AFFIRMATIVE sentences - MODAL VERBS


I CAN DANCE TANGO SO CAN I. I CAN TOO. ME TOO.

I COULD SKATE SO COULD I. I COULD TOO. ME TOO.

I MAY COOK PASTA SO MAY I. I MAY TOO. ME TOO.

I MIGHT EAT PIZZA SO MIGHT I. I MIGHT TOO. ME TOO.

I SHOULD EXERCISE SO SHOULD I. I SHOULD TOO. ME TOO.

I MUST STUDY MORE SO MUST I. I MUST TOO. ME TOO.

I WILL DRINK WINE SO WILL I. I WILL TOO. ME TOO.

I WOULD LIKE TO GO SO WOULD I. I WOULD TOO. ME TOO.

I can cook rice.

I should do my homework.

I will go to the cinema.

I must eat healthy food.

I would like to play tennis.

I may receive a promotion.

Page 11
24 GRAMMAR - AGREEING with NEGATIVE
AGREEING with NEGATIVE sentences - GENERAL VERBS
I DON’T PLAY TENNIS NEITHER DO I. I DON’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I DON’T DANCE WELL NEITHER DO I. I DON’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I DON’T LIVE IN THE US NEITHER DO I. I DON’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I DON’T SPEAK GOOD ENGLISH NEITHER DO I. I DON’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I DON’T LOVE MY JOB NEITHER DO I. I DON’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I DON’T HAVE A CAR NEITHER DO I. I DON’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I DON’T WATCH MOVIES NEITHER DO I. I DON’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I DON’T GO SWIMMING NEITHER DO I. I DON’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I don’t live in Mexico City.

I don’t have a helicopter.

I don’t speak Japanese.

I don’t dance samba well.

Peter doesn’t have a limousine.

Susan doesn’t play the piano.

AGREEING with NEGATIVE sentences - MODAL VERBS


I CAN’T SPEAK JAPANESE NEITHER CAN I. I CAN’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I COULDN’T DRIVE NEITHER COULD I. I COULDN’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I MAY NOT COOK LASAGNA NEITHER MAY I. I MAY NOT EITHER. ME NEITHER

I MIGHT NOT ARRIVE EARLY NEITHER MIGHT I. I MIGHT NOT EITHER. ME NEITHER

I SHOULDN’T DRINK TOO MUCH NEITHER SHOULD I. I SHOULDN’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I MUSTN’T MISS CLASSES NEITHER MUST I. I MUSTN’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I WON’T WORK NEXT SUNDAY NEITHER WILL I. I WON’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I WOULDN’T LIKE TO LIVE IN CAIRO NEITHER WOULD I. I WOULDN’T EITHER. ME NEITHER

I can’t sing opera.

I shouldn’t eat too many carbs.

I mustn’t drink and drive.

I won’t visit Auckland this Easter.

I couldn’t drive when I was 15.

Page 12
25 GRAMMAR - DISAGREEING
DISAGREEING with AFFIRMATIVE sentences - GENERAL VERBS
I PLAY TENNIS REALLY? I DON’T. DO YOU? I DON’T.

I DANCE WELL REALLY? I DON’T. DO YOU? I DON’T.

I LIVE IN THE US REALLY? I DON’T. DO YOU? I DON’T.

I SPEAK GOOD ENGLISH REALLY? I DON’T. DO YOU? I DON’T.

I sometimes cook pasta

I usually read books.

I rarely go to the mall.

I often run in the park.

DISAGREEING with NEGATIVE sentences - GENERAL VERBS


I DON’T LOVE MY JOB REALLY? I DO. DON’T YOU? I DO.

I DON’T HAVE A CAR REALLY? I DO. DON’T YOU? I DO.

I DON’T WATCH MOVIES REALLY? I DO. DON’T YOU? I DO.

I DON’T GO SWIMMING REALLY? I DO. DON’T YOU? I DO.

I don’t have a cat.

I don’t eat too many carbs.

I don’t drink and drive.

I don’t go to bed late.

DISAGREEING - MODAL VERBS (affirmative & negative)


I CAN’T SPEAK JAPANESE REALLY? I CAN. CAN’T YOU? I CAN.

I MAY NOT COOK LASAGNA REALLY? I MAY. XXX

I SHOULD WORK MORE. REALLY? I SHOULDN’T. SHOULD YOU? I SHOULDN’T.

I MUSTN’T WAKE UP LATE REALLY? I MUST. MUSTN’T YOU? I MUST.

I WON’T WORK NEXT SUNDAY REALLY? I WILL. WON’T YOU? I WILL.

I WOULDN’T LIKE TO SEE A MOVIE REALLY? I WOULD. WOULDN’T YOU? I WOULD.

I can cook well.

I shouldn’t eat too many carbs.

I mustn’t drink and drive.

Page 13
26 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
i. Use the expressions from exercise 25 to agree, disagree and say your real
opinion about these sentences.

AGREE DISAGREE REAL OPINION

I love the summer.

I enjoy to travel abroad.

I work a lot

I can sing.**

I would like to be rich.**

I will travel to the beach


soon.**

I don’t like the winter.

I don’t enjoy to stay


home.

I don’t work on weekends.

I can’t dance samba.**

I wouldn't like to play


football.**

I won’t work next


weekend.**

I wasn’t able to travel to


Africa last year.**

I didn’t buy any shoes last


week.**

I couldn’t speak English


when I was a child.**

I didn’t work out last


Sunday.**

I prefer to travel by plane.

I’m very thirsty.**

Page 14
27 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then answer these questions.
a. Does it wind a lot in your region?
b. Does it rain a lot in your city?
c. Have you ever seen a flood?
d. What kind of damages can a flood cause?
e. Has your city ever been hit by a catastrophe? What was it?

28 READING
i. Read the text and answer: Where is this weather report from?
STORMS HIT THE UK
At the moment, winds of 60 kilometers per hour are hitting the West coast. Storms are
destroying many houses and crops.
The heavy rain is causing major transport problems. Currently the trains and ferries are
not working.
The emergency services are helping the residents. Right now, we are moving people to
safe areas and we are giving them food. A group of policemen are looking for people
who are lost at sea.

DICTIONARY

hitting: attacking ferries: ship that carries people and cars
crops: plantations safe: not dangerous


ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.


a. What is happening at the moment in the West coast of the UK?
b. What is currently happening with the ferries?
c. What are the emergency services doing right now?
d. What are the policemen doing?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember about it.

Page 15
29 GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS STRUCTURE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - AFFIRMATIVE

SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + MAIN VERB + ING COMPLEMENT

WINDS ARE HITTING THE COAST

THE RAIN IS CAUSING PROBLEMS

POLICEMEN ARE LOOKING FOR PEOPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE

SUBJECT VERB TO BE + NOT MAIN VERB + ING COMPLEMENT

WINDS ARE NOT HITTING THE COAST

THE RAIN IS NOT CAUSING PROBLEMS

POLICEMEN ARE NOT LOOKING FOR PEOPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE - YES / NO QUESTIONS

VERB TO BE SUBJECT MAIN VERB + ING COMPLEMENT + ?

ARE WINDS HITTING THE COAST?

IS THE RAIN CAUSING PROBLEMS?

ARE POLICEMEN LOOKING FOR PEOPLE?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE - WH QUESTIONS

WH QUESTION VERB TO BE SUBJECT MAIN VERB + ING COMPLEMENT?

WHY ARE WINDS HITTING THE COAST?

HOW IS THE RAIN CAUSING PROBLEMS?

WHERE ARE POLICEMEN LOOKING FOR PEOPLE?

Page 16
30 GRAMMAR
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS IS USED TO TALK ABOUT:

1. Things happening at the moment of speaking.


You are studying English.
I am reading theses sentences.

2. Temporary things that are in progress around now.


You are preparing yourself for a promotion.
You are redecorating your home.

3. Things that will happen in the near future (arrangements with other people).
Next Saturday she is traveling to the beach with her friends.
I am visiting my friends tomorrow.

4. Irritation about people’s behavior.


He is always getting drunk.
She is always complaining about everything.

31 GRAMMAR TIP
ATTENTION: STATIVE VERBS CANNOT BE USED IN THE CONTINUOUS FORM

Abstract Verbs Possession Verbs Emotion Verbs
be, want, cost, seem, possess, own, belong... like, love, hate, dislike,
need, care, contain, owe, fear, envy, mind…

exist…

Page 17
32 WRITING
i. Check new vocabulary, then rewrite the sentences in the PRESENT
CONTINUOUS.
a. I work a lot. → I am working a lot.
b. He studies English.
c. We live in a big city.
d. Susan’s boss cooks pasta.
e. Jack reads news on the internet.
f. We sell second-hand cars.
g. They listen to the news on the radio.
h. The dog barks a lot.
i. Jack saves money to travel.

ii. Rewrite these sentences in the PRESENT CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE.


a. I am not working a lot.
b.
c
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
iii. Rewrite these sentences in the PRESENT CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE.
a. Am I working a lot?
b.
c
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Page 18
33 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then answer these questions.
a. Why are you studying English?
b. Are you currently working on a special project?
c. Who are you living with?
d. Where are you living?
e. What time are you going to bed next Friday?
f. What is your best friend doing right now?

34 WRITING & SPEAKING


i. Write and say what you are doing right now.
a.
b.
c.

ii. Write and say what you are temporarily doing nowadays.
a.
b.
c.

iii. Write and say what you are doing in the near future (arranged with other
people).
a.
b.
c.

35 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. When do you prefer to take vacations, in spring, summer, fall or winter? Why?
b. Where do you like to travel when you go on vacation? Why?
c. What leisure activities do you enjoy doing when you are on vacation?
d. What do you know about Mallorca?
Page 19
36 READING
i. Read the text and answer: What is the best time to visit Mallorca?

MALLORCA
When to go: Mallorca has an average of 300 days of sunshine a year, but don’t think you
can have a beach holiday in November or December!
Spring is the best time to visit Mallorca. In the spring the sun is not very strong. At this
time, prices are still quite low, except during Easter. The weather is often warm. It is
possible to enjoy the beaches. However, it can still be damp and cold, especially in the
mountains.
In summer, from mid-June to August, prices and temperatures rise. The island gets
extremely hot and the countryside becomes very dry. During these months the coast
gets very crowded.
During fall, from mid-September to late October, prices and temperatures begin to fall.
This is a good time to visit as the weather gets fine and mild.
In winter, from November to February, many hotels and restaurants close. It can snow
during this period, especially in the high mountains, and it gets extremely cold and rainy
in some towns such as Valldemossa.

DICTIONARY

average: a number between the mid-June: the days in de middle of June
maximum and the minimum rise: increase, become bigger
sunshine: sun rays, sunny days crowded: with a large number of people
Easter: the day that celebrates the late October: the last days of October
resurrection of Jesus Christ
fall: 1-Autumn; 2-decrease, become
quite: very smaller
damp: wet, humid fine and mild: pleasant, nice


ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.


a. When can’t you have a beach holiday?
b. What is the weather like in spring?
c. When does the island get crowded?
d. What happens in the winter?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.
Page 20
37 GRAMMAR
PRESENT SIMPLE STRUCTURE - VERB TO BE
TO BE - PRESENT SIMPLE - AFFIRMATIVE

SUBJECT VERB TO BE (MAIN VERB) COMPLEMENT

I AM HAPPY

YOU ARE BUSY

HE IS BRAZILIAN

SHE IS BEAUTIFUL

IT IS BLUE

WE ARE FRIENDS

YOU (plural) ARE WORKERS

THEY ARE HERE

TO BE - PRESENT SIMPLE - NEGATIVE

SUBJECT VERB TO BE (MAIN VERB) NOT COMPLEMENT

I AM NOT HAPPY

YOU ARE NOT BUSY

HE IS NOT BRAZILIAN

SHE IS NOT BEAUTIFUL

IT IS NOT BLUE

WE ARE NOT FRIENDS

THEY ARE NOT HERE

TO BE - PRESENT SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE

VERB TO BE (MAIN VERB/AUX) SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

AM I HAPPY ?

ARE YOU BUSY ?

IS HE BRAZILIAN ?

IS SHE BEAUTIFUL ?

IS IT BLUE ?

ARE WE FRIENDS ?

ARE THEY HERE ?

Page 21
38 GRAMMAR
i. Write the sentences from the text about Mallorca in exercise 33 that have the
VERB TO BE in the PRESENT SIMPLE.
a. What is the best time to visit Mallorca?
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

39 GRAMMAR TIP
THE PRESENT SIMPLE IS USED TO TALK ABOUT:

1. HABITS
I sometimes swim in the swimming pool.
I rarely eat cheese.

2. ROUTINE
I wake up early from Monday to Friday.
I clean my apartment on Saturdays.

3. LIKES & PREFERENCES


I love ice-cream.
She prefers to watch movies than soap operas.

4. FACTS & GENERAL TRUTHS


Brazil is in South America.
Girls are generally more sensitive than boys.

i. Write FACT, ROUTINE, HABIT or PREFERENCE in the sentences from exercise 38.
Page 22
40 GRAMMAR
PRESENT SIMPLE STRUCTURE - GENERAL VERBS

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - AFFIRMATIVE

SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

I GO TO THE THEATER

YOU GO TO THE CINEMA

HE GOES HOME

SHE GOES TO THE SUPERMARKET

IT GOES TO THE PARK

WE GO TO THE RESTAURANT

YOU (plural) GO TO THE BEACH

THEY GO TO THE DISCO CLUB

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - NEGATIVE

SUBJECT AUX. DO/DOES NOT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

I DO NOT GO TO THE THEATER

YOU DO NOT GO TO THE CINEMA

HE DOES NOT GO__ HOME

SHE DOES NOT GO TO THE SUPERMARKET

IT DOES NOT GO TO THE PARK

WE DO NOT GO TO THE RESTAURANT

THEY DO NOT GO TO THE DISCO CLUB

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - INTERROGATIVE

AUX. DO/DOES SUBJECT + MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

DO I GO TO THE THEATER ?

DO YOU GO TO THE CINEMA ?

DOES HE GO__ HOME ?

DOES SHE GO TO THE SUPERMARKET?

DOES IT GO TO THE PARK?

DO WE GO TO THE RESTAURANT?

DO THEY GO TO THE DISCO CLUB?

Page 23
41 GRAMMAR
i. Write the sentences from the text about Mallorca in exercise 36 that have the
GENERAL VERBS in the PRESENT SIMPLE.
a. What is the best time to visit Mallorca?
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

ii. Write FACT, ROUTINE, HABIT or PREFERENCE in each sentence.

Page 24
42 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary and write if it is a YES/NO QUESTION or a WH
QUESTION, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Do you live in London?
b. Where do you live?
c. Does Pelé live in Australia?
d. Where does Pelé live?
e. Do you study German?
f. What languages do you study?
g. Do you work at Nestle?
h. Where do you work?
i. Do you cook pasta everyday?
j. How often do you cook pasta?
k. Does your best friend cook Lasagna everyday?
l. What does your best friend usually cook?
m. Do you drink coffee in the afternoon?
n. When do you usually drink coffee?
o. Do you sleep in the kitchen?
p. Where do you sleep?
q. Does your best friend wake up at midday?
r. What times does your best friend wake up?
s. Do you watch reality shows?
t. What kind of programs do you usually watch?
u. Does your best friend watch soap operas?
v. What kind of programs does your best friend watch?
w. Are you French?
x. What nationality are you?
y. Is your best friend from Boston?
z. Where is your best friend from?

Page 25
43 GRAMMAR
PRESENT SIMPLE X PRESENT CONTINUOUS
i. Read these sentences and observe the differences between PRESENT SIMPLE
and PRESENT CONTINUOUS. Check new vocabulary, then read these sentences
aloud.

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS 


• I go to the cinema every weekend. • I am going to the cinema now.


• He studies English in New York. • He is studying English at the moment.
• We live in Sao Paulo. • They are living in Sao Paulo temporarily.
• You sometimes work a lot. • You are working a lot this week.
• I hate to drive in traffic. • She is planning to travel abroad.
• I wake up early on weekdays. • WhatsApp messages are becoming
very popular.
• I enjoy going to the cinema.
• He is always complaining.


ii. Match these functions below with these sentences above.



PRESENT SIMPLE FUNCTIONS PRESENT CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS
1. HABITS 5. TEMPORARY ACTIONS
2. ROUTINE 6. ACTIONS HAPPENING AT THE TIME
OF SPEAKING
3. FACTS
7. TRENDS & TENDENCIES
4. LIKES & PREFERENCES
8. ANNOYANCE
9. NEAR FUTURE

Page 26
44 CASE STUDY
i. Read the email and answer: What does James want?

From: james.ross@travelagency.com
To: All staff
Subject: New Holiday in Latin America

Dear All,
We are a travel agency and we need to offer our customers some interesting travel
destinations. We would like to receive your suggestions for a country in Latin America.
Remember, we need to offer a range of activities and locations that are interesting and
unusual for our customers.
We want to attract new customers in two categories:
*first-timers and *older adults (40-60), active, rich, perhaps retired.
Please send me your suggestions by the end of the day.
Best regards,
James Ross

ii. Look at the options and choose the best destination in your opinion.
Option A

Southern Argentina
Activities: mountain trekking, horse riding, skiing and climbing
Weather:
winter → cold and windy / temperature = 5 degrees Celsius
summer → warm and humid / temperature = 23 degrees Celsius

Option B

Belize
Activities: diving, sea kayaking, jungle trekking, white-water rafting
Weather:
winter → rainy, risks of hurricanes / temperature = 16 degrees Celsius
summer → hot, dry and windy / temperature = 35 degrees Celsius

Page 27
iii. You are a travel agent and work at the travel agency with James. Reply to James
Ross with your suggestion for a travel destination in Latin America, say what
activities are offered and explain why it is the best option in your opinion.
Look at this sample and then write your reply.

From: me@google.com
To: james.ross@travelagency.com
Subject: Best Destination in Latin America

Dear James,
In my opinion the best destination for our customers is …………
I think it is a good option because there are many activities there such as….
The first-timers can try….., and the older customers can enjoy…
The weather there is……. and the temperature is……, so our customers can…
I hope you like my suggestion.
Fell free to contact me if you have any questions.

Regards,
Me

From:
To: jamesross@travelagency.com
Subject:

Page 28
45 VOCABULARY
MONTHS OF THE YEAR
January
February
March
April
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

PAY ATTENTION → WE WRITE MONTHS WITH A CAPITAL LETTER

46 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Which’s the best region to visit in your country, the coast or the mountains? Why?
b. What’s the best time of the year to visit there? Why?
c. When are prices expensive there?
d. When are prices cheap there?
e. What’s the weather like in your city in January?
f. What’s the weather like in July?
g. When does your city get crowded?
h. When do people from your country usually go to the beach?
i. Are there some national festivals in your country? When do they take place?

Page 29
47 WRITING & SPEAKING
i. Write an article for a travel magazine advertising your country as a vacation
destination. Use the text about Mallorca as a model and the information from
the previous exercise. Give a presentation about it.

Page 30
48 HOMEWORK
i. Read these sentences and underline the verb tenses, write PRESENT SIMPLE or
PRESENT CONTINUOUS, then write if the action is Temporary, Trend, Routine or
Fact.
a. Summers are getting warmer. PC → TREND
b. Mallorca is a great travel destination.
c. I often go snowboarding in winter.
d. It is very cold in Siberia.
e. John goes mountain biking every weekend.
f. The weather in the UK is changing.
g. We sometimes have mini droughts in the summer.
h. Hurricanes are causing many problems at the moment.
i. Paul lives in the countryside.
j. More and more people are moving to metropolitan areas.

ii. Choose the correct verb tense.


a. The weather [changes/is changing] these days.
b. Summers [get/are getting] hotter.
c. We sometimes [have/are having] hurricanes.
d. Blizzards [cause/are causing] a lot of destruction every year.
e. Storms [ causes/are causing] a lot of destruction at the moment.
f. Currently, there is no rain so your plants [die/are dying]

iii. Write questions for these answers.


What are you studying?
a. I am studying English.
__________________________________________________________
b. I am living in the city.
__________________________________________________________
c. I am working on a project.
__________________________________________________________
d. I am going to Mallorca on vacation.

Page 31
iv. Check new vocabulary, then read these sentences and write if you agree or
disagree. Choose from the options in the boxes below.

Agreeing with Agreeing with negative Disagreeing


affirmative sentences sentences Do you? I don’t.
So do I. Neither do I. Don’t you? I do.
I do too. I don’t either. Really? I do.
Me too. Me neither. Really? I don’t.
I’m not sure


a. I love to travel to the beach when I am on vacation.


__________________________________________________
b. I don’t like to wait in line.
__________________________________________________
a. Jack has two dogs.
__________________________________________________
b. I think Argentina is a nice travel destination.
__________________________________________________
a. Susan doesn’t know how to dance.
__________________________________________________
b. They usually don’t travel on Easter.
__________________________________________________
a. We prefer to spend our vacations abroad.
__________________________________________________
b. Cindy watches a lot of TV series.
__________________________________________________
a. I really enjoy to study English.
__________________________________________________
b. She works for an international company.
__________________________________________________

Page 32
2 PEOPLE
1 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. How often do you exercise?
b. Why do people exercise?
c. Do you like to watch sports competitions? Which ones?
d. What kind of sports competitions would you like to participate in?
e. What do you think motivate sports people to practice sports?

2 READING
i. Read the text and answer: How much did Chimokel win?
HOUSEWIFE RACES OUT OF POVERTY
Yesterday, Chimokel Chilapong, a Kenyan housewife and mother of four, beat hundreds
of professional athletes and won the Nairobi marathon and US$ 12,000.
This was her first marathon race and she ran it in 2 hours, 39 minutes and 9 seconds. The
other runners included professionals such as Joyce Chepchumba, the three times
winner of the London marathon. Chimokel only started running a year ago, in April, to
pay for her children’s education.
Now, in Kenya, Chimokel is a national hero and an inspirational person. People think she
is a determined woman, a dedicated mother and a talented person. Next week there will
be a party in her honor.

DICTIONARY
poverty: the condition of having no money
beat: defeated, won against
runners: people who run
honor: a ceremony to show public respect

Page 33
ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.
a. Where is Chimokel from?
b. What does she do for a living?* [*What is her job?]
c. How long did she take to finish the race?
d. How much experience does Chimokel have as a runner?
e. What do people think about her now?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

iii. Do you think Chimokel is an Inspiration? Why?

3 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.6 and answer these questions.
a. Why did Chimokel start running?
b. Does her husband support her?

4 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.6 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. Chimokel got married in 1995.
b. She has four beautiful girls.
c. She has three sheep, seven chickens and a horse.
d. Her husband sold her house to pay for her ticket to go to Nairobi.
e. She will send her kids to Disneyland.
f. She wants to sell all her animals.

5 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.6 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

Page 34
6 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.6
Journalist, Interpreter
J: Chimokel, did you want to become an athlete when you left school?
I: Oh, no, I didn’t. I come from a very poor place and my mother died when I was
sixteen, so I left school and then married Benjamin a year later, in 1995. I didn’t think
about running or sport at that time. I had a lovely husband, a home, and then I became a
mother. I have four beautiful boys.
J: So, why did you start running?
I: We are a poor family: we have just a few animals, three sheep and seven chickens, in
fact, and a little land for potatoes. We’re a hard-working family, but in our local area
most people earn under a dollar a day. So, we didn’t have any money, but we wanted to
send our boys to school. Then, last year, my neighbor told me about the running races
and the prize money. So, I decided to start running, and here I am now!
J: How did you train and look after the children at the same time?
I: My husband Benjamin was very helpful. I trained every morning; I ran in the hills and
Benjamin made breakfast for the boys. They’re very young - the oldest is only nine, so it
wasn’t easy for my husband. But he didn’t get angry; he always smiled! He’s a patient,
friendly man. And last week he sold one of his sheep and a chicken to pay for my ticket
to come to Nairobi. He helped me very much, he’s very kind.
J: Did you win much money yesterday?
I: Oh, yes, I did. Oh, a lot, a lot! A lot for me and my family! I won US$ 12,000. It’s
incredible. I still can’t believe that I won the race. Now we can send our children to a
good school. When we were young, we didn’t have the chance to finish our education,
but perhaps our children can go to university.
J: Was this marathon your last race?
I: Oh, I don’t think so! They want me to race in Europe next year! Can you imagine? I live
in a tiny village in Kenyan countryside, and they want me to run in Paris and London. I
hope I can take my family, and that we don’t need to sell any more sheep and chickens.

DICTIONARY

poor: without money look after: keep safe, make sure it is all
right, take care
sheep: animal that produces wool
hills: a small mountain
land: an area of ground or soil
smiled: happy facial expression showing
hard-working: a person that works much
the teeth
earn: receive
perhaps: maybe
prize: something valuable received after
tiny: very small

a competition
Page 35
7 LISTENING & SPEAKING
i. Listen to track 1.6 again and say what you remember from it.

8 VOCABULARY
i. Check new vocabulary, then use the adjectives in the box to complete the gaps
in these sentences.

dedicated / determined / friendly / hard-working / helpful


inspirational / kind / lovely / patient / talented

a. She always does her training. She is very________________ and __________________.


b. He makes breakfast every morning. Her husband is ______________________.
c. She never stops and she is always working. She is very____________________.
d. Many people see her as a role model. She is ____________________________ .
e. Her husband never gets irritated. He is very______________________________.
f. She treats other people with kindness and respect. She is _________ and __________.
g. She knows how to make friends. She is__________________________.
h. She has many abilities and skills. She is__________________________.

9 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Do you consider yourself a friendly person? Why?
b. Are you a patient person?
c. Choose three adjectives from above that best describe yourself?
d. Who is the most dedicated person you know?
e. Who is the most helpful person you know? Why?
f. Who is the most inspirational person you know? Why?

Page 36
10 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
i.Add “D” or “ED” to form the PAST SIMPLE of these REGULAR verbs.

MOST POPULAR REGULAR VERBS

PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST

want play
use move
work live
call believe
try* happen
ask include
need continue
seem change
follow create
stop* open
help watch

ii. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST SIMPLE.


a. I want to play tennis.
b. He uses a computer.
c. They work for an international company.
d. Jack needs to open a bank account.
e. She watches many movies.
f. We need to visit Europe.
g. You help your friend.
h. It opens at 10:00 am.
i. Susan seems happy.

Page 37
11 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
i. Match these IRREGULAR verbs with their PAST SIMPLE irregular forms.

be - come - eat - have - run - speak - get - say - make - go - mean


take - see - know - give - find - think - tell - become - show - leave
feel - put - bring - begin - keep - hold - write - stand - hear - fall - let

PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST


ate heard
said wrote
ran got
had made
went gave
became began
let spoke
meant found
thought knew
showed left
kept put
took saw
held fell
stood felt
told brought
came was, were

ii. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST SIMPLE.


a. Jack knows Susan.
b. She shows Paul her poem.
c. I think he is at home.
d. We take the subway.
e. They have a cat.
f. He writes many letters.
g. You put your name on the list.

Page 38
12 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then use the words in the box to ask and answer
questions.

When was the last time you…?

ate pizza were hungry


went out took a train
ran told a lie
had a headache made a promise
went to the cinema found something


13 GRAMMAR
i. Write these words in the correct categories.

today yesterday everyday last year last week sometimes


one year ago usually rarely when I was a child in 2005

PRESENT SIMPLE TIME EXPRESSIONS PAST SIMPLE TIME EXPRESSIONS


Today Yesterday

14 WRITING & READING


i. Write sentences with the time expressions above and verbs from exercise 12 and
13, then read them aloud.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Page 39
15 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Who do think is an inspirational person?
b. What do you know about this person?

16 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.10 and answer these questions.
a. Who was Louis Armstrong?
b. Where was he born?

17 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.10 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. Louis Armstrong came from a very poor family.
b. He couldn’t sing.
c. He changed jazz.
d. He had a big influence on the history of pop.
e. He was a generous man.

18 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.10 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

19 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.10


I’d like to invite Louis Armstrong because I think he was the greatest musician ever. I
know that his early life was very hard, he came from a very poor family in New Orleans.
But he had amazing energy and abilities. He could sing, play instruments and dance. He
made many records and he changed jazz, he made it into an art. So, he had a big
influence on the history of jazz, blues and pop. Erm… he was also a generous man. For
example, later in his life, when he was rich, he gave a lot of money to poor children, so
they could learn music. Erm…so, I’d like to invite Louis Armstrong because he brought
happiness and pleasure to millions of people. What would I like to ask him? Well, erm,
perhaps this: How did you feel when you were eight years old, and you were singing in
the streets of New Orleans for money?

Page 40
DICTIONARY 

early life: first years made it into: transformed
hard: difficult perhaps: maybe

records: music albums, song tracks

20 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.10 again and say what you remember from it.

21 WRITING & SPEAKING


i. Think about a person who you consider inspirational and write a short essay
about this person. Use the transcript about Louis Armstrong as a model and the
internet for your research. Give a presentation about it.

USEFUL INFORMATION TO INCLUDE

• Date and place of birth (and death, if applicable):


• Major achievements:
• Education:
• Work facts:
• An overview of what makes the person significant:

Page 41
22 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
i. Write the sentences in the PAST SIMPLE from transcript 1.10.
a. He was the greatest musician ever.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.

23 GRAMMAR
THE PAST SIMPLE IS USED TO TALK ABOUT:

1. Completed actions in the past


I saw a movie yesterday.
Last year I traveled to Japan.

2. A series of completed actions


I finished work, walked to the beach and met my friends for a drink.

3. Duration in the past


She lived in the United States for 5 years.
They sat at the beach all day.

Page 42
24 GRAMMAR
PAST SIMPLE STRUCTURE - VERB TO BE

PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE OF VERB TO BE

SUBJECT MAIN VERB IN THE PAST COMPLEMENT


HE WAS THE GREATEST MUSICIAN

HIS EARLY LIFE WAS VERY HARD

YOU WERE EIGHT YEARS OLD

PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE OF VERB TO BE

SUBJECT MAIN VERB IN THE PAST COMPLEMENT


+ NOT
HE WAS NOT (wasn’t) A BAD MUSICIAN

HIS EARLY LIFE WAS NOT (wasn’t) EASY

YOU WERE NOT (weren’t) FIVE YEARS OLD

PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE OF VERB TO BE - YES / NO QUESTIONS

MAIN VERB IN THE PAST SUBJECT COMPLEMENT


WAS HE THE GREATEST MUSICIAN?

WAS HIS EARLY LIFE VERY HARD?

WERE YOU EIGHT YEARS OLD?

PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE OF VERB TO BE - WH QUESTIONS

WH QUESTION MAIN VERB IN SUBJECT COMPLEMENT


THE PAST
WHY WAS HE FAMOUS?

HOW WAS HIS EARLY LIFE ?

HOW OLD WERE YOU ?

Page 43
25 GRAMMAR
i. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE.
a. He is the greatest musician of his time. → He was the greatest musician of his time.
b. He is very generous.
c. Susan is an athlete.
d. They are at home.
e. Jack is an explorer.
f. I am at work.
g. We are in a hurry.
h. She is interested in the painting.

ii. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE.


a. He wasn’t the greatest musician of his time.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

iii. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE.


a. Was he the greatest musician of his time?
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Page 44
26 GRAMMAR
PAST SIMPLE STRUCTURE - OTHER VERBS

PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE

SUBJECT MAIN VERB IN THE PAST COMPLEMENT


HE CAME FROM A VERY POOR FAMILY

HE HAD ENERGY AND ABILITIES

HE CHANGED JAZZ

PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE

SUBJECT AUX. DID + NOT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT


HE DID NOT (didn’t) COME FROM A VERY RICH FAMILY

HE DID NOT (didn’t) HAVE LAZINESS

HE DID NOT (didn't) CHANGE ROCK & ROLL

PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE - YES / NO QUESTIONS

AUX. VERB DID SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT


DID HE COME FROM A VERY POOR FAMILY?

DID HE HAVE ENERGY AND ABILITIES?

DID HE CHANGE JAZZ?

PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE - WH QUESTIONS

WH QUESTION AUX. VERB DID SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT


WHERE DID HE COME FROM?

WHAT DID HE HAVE ?

WHY DID HE CHANGE JAZZ?

Page 45
27 GRAMMAR
i. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE.
a. He plays jazz music. → He played jazz music.
b. He gives money to poor people.
c. He has energy and abilities.
d. They work at the bank.
e. Jack looks serious.
f. I work at an international company.
g. We live in South America.
h. She comes from a rich family .

ii. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE.


a. He didn’t play jazz music.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

iii. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE.


a. Did he play jazz music?
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Page 46
28 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. When was the last time you cooked a meal?
b. What did you cook?
c. How did you cook it?
d. When was the last time you watched a movie?
e. What did you watch?
f. How was it?
g. When was the last time you bought something?
h. What did you buy?
i. Where did you buy it?
j. When was the last time you had dinner out?
k. Where did you go?
l. What did you eat?
m. How was it?
n. Tell me one interesting thing you did last year.
o. Tell me one boring thing you did last week.
p. Tell me what you had to do yesterday.
q. When was the last time you traveled?
r. Where did you go to?
s. Why did you go there?
t. What did you do there?

29 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Are you a creative type of person?
b. Can you sing, dance, draw or paint?
c. Do you like to go to museums and art galleries? Why?
d. Do you like any famous creative artists?
e. What do you know about Frida Kahlo?

Page 47
30 READING
i. Read the text below about Frida Kahlo and answer: When did Frida Kahlo get
married?
FRIDA KAHLO (1907-1954)
Frida Kahlo was a Mexican painter. Her colorful paintings show her powerful feelings
about herself and the world around her. Some of her recent fans include Madonna and
Robert de Niro.
EARLY LIFE
Her life began and ended in Mexico City. When Frida Kahlo was six years old, she had a
serious disease (polio) that damaged her right leg forever. However, she was a clever
and determined young woman and went to one of the top schools in Mexico. When she
was fifteen, she met the famous painter Diego Rivera. He was doing a painting on a wall
at her school back then. Then, at the age of eighteen, Kahlo was in a terrible accident.
She was traveling on a bus when a tram crashed into it. She began to paint while she
was recovering from the accident because she was bored in bed. During the rest of her
life she had over 30 operations to try to correct her physical problems.
AFTER HER MARRIAGE
In 1929, she married Diego Rivera but their relationship was often stormy. Soon after
she married, Kahlo started to wear traditional Mexican clothes and jewelry, and she also
started to wear her hair high in her head. She visited the United States and France, and
met many important people. While she was staying in Paris, she appeared on the cover
of Vogue magazine. When she wasn’t working, she liked singing and telling jokes .
THE ARTIST
Kahlo produced about 200 works in her life. Many of them were self-portraits, a mixture
of dreams and reality. In them, we can see that she was very proud of Mexico. Her
paintings also tell us about politics, power relationships between poor and rich
countries, Eastern and Western philosophy and the position of women in society. Many
people admired her work, including Pablo Picasso.

DICTIONARY 

disease: illness, sickness, not being well over: more than
damaged: affected stormy: angry, having disagreements
back then: at that time telling jokes: telling funny stories
crashed into: hit by accident proud: having respect and admiration
bored: not having fun, sad, unhappy clever: intelligent, smart


Page 48
ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.
a. Where was she from?
b. When was she born?
c. What happened to her when was six?
d. Where did she study?
e. What happened to her when she was fifteen?
f. Who did she marry to?
g. What places did she visit?
h. What happened to her in Paris?
i. What did she paint?
j. What is your opinion of her?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

31 GRAMMAR
i.Write the sentences in the PAST CONTINUOUS from the text about Frida Kahlo.
a. He was doing a painting on a wall at her school back then.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Page 49
32 GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS STRUCTURE

PAST CONTINUOUS AFFIRMATIVE

SUBJECT VERB TO BE MAIN VERB + ING COMPLEMENT

I WAS PAINTING A WALL

SHE WAS TRAVELING ON A BUS

THEY WERE STAYING IN PARIS

PAST CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE

SUBJECT VERB TO BE + NOT MAIN VERB + ING COMPLEMENT

I WAS NOT (wasn’t) PAINTING A HOUSE

SHE WAS NOT (wasn't) TRAVELING ON A TRAM

THEY WERE NOT (wasn’t) STAYING IN ROME

PAST CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE - YES / NO QUESTIONS

VERB TO BE SUBJECT MAIN VERB + ING COMPLEMENT

WAS I PAINTING A WALL ?

WAS SHE TRAVELING ON A BUS ?

WERE THEY STAYING IN PARIS ?

PAST CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE - WH QUESTIONS

WH QUESTION VERB TO BE SUBJECT MAIN VERB + ING COMPLEMENT

WHY WAS HE PAINTING A WALL ?

WHEN WAS SHE TRAVELING ON A BUS ?

WHERE WERE THEY STAYING ?

Page 50
33 GRAMMAR
i. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST CONTINUOUS AFFIRMATIVE.
a. He painted her school wall back then. → He was painting her school wall back then.
b. She worked hard last month.
c. Adam played the piano at the party.
d. They visited an art exhibit in Paris.
e. Jacob taught Philosophy at the university of California.
f. Emily lived with her friend in 2010.
g. We studied past simple last class.
h. I did my homework last weekend.

ii. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE.


a. He wasn’t painting her school wall back then.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

iii. Rewrite these sentences in the PAST CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE.


a. Was he painting her school wall back then?
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Page 51
34 GRAMMAR TIP
THE PAST CONTINUOUS IS USED TO TALK ABOUT:

1. actions in progress at a specific time in the past


Peter was reading a book yesterday evening.
She was listening to the radio in the morning.

2. two actions happening at the same time (the actions do not affect each other)
Anne was writing a letter while Steve was reading the New York Times.

3. together with the Simple Past


While we were sitting at the breakfast table, the telephone rang.
past continuous past simple

Note:
• Past Continuous → We were sitting at the table (an action was happening)
• Simple Past → the telephone rang. (another action interrupted the first action)

The action in Simple Past interrupted the action in Past Continuous

4. repeated actions irritating the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)


Andrew was always arriving late. → (I don't like that.)

Note:
• Past Continuous → Andrew is always arriving late.→ (It irritates me)
• Simple Past → Andrew arrived late. → (I don't express my opinion)

Page 52
35 GRAMMAR
NON-CONTINUOUS VERBS

Non-continuous verbs are not normally used with continuous tenses. They are also
called “STATIVE VERBS”.
Stative verbs describe states, not actions, and cannot be expressed in the continuous
aspect.

Here are some of the most common non-continuous verbs:

• feelings: hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish


• senses: appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, taste
• communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean, promise, satisfy, surprise
• thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize, recognize, remember, understand
• other states: be, belong, concern, depend, involve, matter, need, owe, own,
possess

i. Look at these RIGHT and WRONG example sentences:

CORRECT WRONG

I want a coffee. I am wanting a coffee.

I don't believe you are right. I am not believing you are right.

Does this pen belong to you? Is this pen belonging to you?

It seemed wrong. It was seeming wrong.

I don't hear anything. I am not hearing anything.

Page 53
36 GIVING A PRESENTATION
i. Write a biography about someone famous you admire, use the internet to
research about this person and use the text about Frida Kahlo as a model. Then
use the USEFUL EXPRESSIONS on the next page to give a presentation about it.

PRESENTATION DRAFT

Page 54
37 VOCABULARY
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR PRESENTATIONS

Hello, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming to this presentation”

“The topic of today’s presentation is…”

“First I’ll talk about …”


“Then I will explain about…”
“After that we will see…”
“And finally I’d like to describe…”

“Shall we get started?”

“I will be happy to answer your questions at the end of my presentation”


or
Please feel free to interrupt me if you have any questions”

“I’d like to start by saying that…”

“Let’s move on to another topic…”

“Now I’d like to talk about…”

“For instance…”

“In addition…”

“Moreover…”

“In conclusion…”

“To sum up …”

“Thank you so much for your attention”

“ Does anybody have any questions?

Page 55
38 PLANING & SPEAKING
i. Talk about something interesting that happened in your life in the past.
(e.g. a trip to an interesting place, university days or a party you attended)

NOTES

39 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then choose three of these qualities you consider
important for a roommate/flatmate and explain why.

A ROOMMATE SHOULD…


• have similar interests • not smoke


• be friendly and sociable • have a job
• be good-looking • be rich
• do the washing up • be a good cook
• be quiet and polite • be tidy
• be honest • be clever


Page 56
40 LISTENING
i. Match these opposite adjectives then listen to track 1.11 and check your
answers. 

1. polite - C a. shy
2. friendly b. horrible
3. confident c. rude - 1
4. nice d. miserable
5. cheerful e. unfriendly
6. hard-working f. stupid
7. clever g. quiet
8. chatty h. lazy


ii. Listen to track 1.13 and mark the stressed syllable of the words above.

41 SPEAKING
i.Check new vocabulary, then answer these questions.
a. Choose three adjectives from this list that you consider important for a roommate
and explain why.
b. Have you ever had roommates? What were they like?
c. What is the best way to find a roommate?

Page 57
42 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.14 and answer these questions.
a. Where is Martin from?
b. What does he do?
c. What is he like?* (*What is his personality?)
d. What does he like? ** (**What are his preferences?)
e. What does he look like?*** (***What is his appearance?)

43 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.14 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. Martin works long hours.
b. He plays many sports.
c. He doesn’t like cooking.
d. He has long blond hair.

44 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.14 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

Page 58
45 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.14
Stephanie, Xu Ming
S: Hello.
X: Hi Stephanie, it’s Xu Ming.
S: Oh, hi. How are you? How did the interviews go?
X: Oh, I’m fine. The interviews were fine too. Have you got ten minutes or are you busy?
S: I’m fine for time. Tell me about the people. Who did you see first?
X: Well, the first person was a guy called Martin. He’s a young doctor and he’s Canadian.
S: Oh, that sounds good. What’s he like?
X: Well, I’m not sure. At first he wasn’t very friendly and he certainly isn’t chatty. He
works long hours, so he’s hardworking, I guess. He seems honest and tidy.
S: I see, so erm… what does he like? What are his interests?
X: Well, he likes watching sport on TV, but he doesn’t play any. Er, what else? He doesn’t
smoke, in fact he hates smoking. Oh, he said he likes cooking, when he’s got time.
S: Ok, so perhaps he’s a bit quiet. What does he look like? Does he look tidy and smart?
X: Well, he’s a doctor, so he looks professional. He wears nice clothes. He’s got short
brown hair. In fact, he looks like that Hollywood actor, you know, Tom Cruise.
S: Really? I’m not sure that’s a good thing! So, what do you thing? Would you like to live
with him?
X: Mmm, yes, I think so. I’m happy to live with a quiet person.
S: What, like me?!
X: Yeah, exactly! And I’d like to live with a Canadian, you know, my sister lives in Toronto.
Also, doctors are usually honest and responsible. What about you?
S: Well… erm… he sounds quite quiet… tell me about the others first…

DICTIONARY 

what’s he like: describe him smart: well dressed, intelligent
chatty: talkative quite: very

tidy: well organized, well groomed

46 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.14 again and say what you remember from it.

Page 59
47 SPEAKING
i. Use the words from the box and these prompts below to ask and answer
questions.

DRIVE COOK PLAY A SPORT SPEAK A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

a. Do you know how to …?


b. Who taught you?
c. Describe your experience learning it.

48 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.16 and answer these questions.
a. What did the speakers learn?
b. Did they enjoy the learning process?
SPEAKER 1:

SPEAKER 2:

49 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.16 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
Speaker 1
a. The first speaker started to learn when he was sixteen years old.
b. His first lesson was with an instructor.
c. He enjoyed his learning experience.
Speaker 2
d. The second speaker learned at school.
e. She studied in a large group.
f. Her teacher was not good.

50 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.16 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.
Page 60
51 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.16
Speaker 1
I started learning to drive when I was eighteen. I had my first lessons with my father, but
he was very impatient with me. He always shouted at me when I made a mistake. So I
went to a driving school instead. I wasn’t a confident driver and I can still hear the
words of the instructor: ‘More gas! More gas!’ He always wanted me to go faster.
Learning to drive wasn’t especially easy or difficult, but I didn’t enjoy it very much. I was
living in a big city and there was a lot of traffic, everyone was driving fast too. It wasn’t
much fun. I failed my test the first time, but I passed the second time. I didn’t feel proud
or excited, I was just happy it was finished.

Speaker 2
I learned Russian at school. There was a teacher who taught Latin, but he also knew
Russian. It was funny because I was the only student in the class, it was really a private
lesson. I had an excellent course book. I can’t remember much about it… erm… the
front cover was red and it was very modern. Learning Russian was quite easy. I was
surprised. The teacher was good so that helped a lot. Also, I’m quite good at learning
languages. It was really enjoyable too. I loved the sound of the words. I felt really proud
when I could read a short story in Russian and when I passed my exam.

DICTIONARY 

shouted: say something in a loud voice proud: satisfied
instead: as an alternative quite: very
still: continue enjoyable: pleasant, nice
failed: didn’t pass

52 LISTENING & SPEAKING


ii. Listen to track 1.16 again and then say what you remember from it.

Page 61
53 QUIZ
i. Check new vocabulary, answer the quiz putting numbers from 0 (not at all) to 5
(very much), then calculate your score in each session and check your learning
style.
SESSION A
a. Can you remember photos easily?
b. Can you usually understand charts and diagrams?
c. Do you usually take notes?
d. Do you usually review your emails before you send them?
e. Are you good at using maps?
f. Can you generally remember people’s faces?
g. Do you usually read instruction manuals?
h. Do you enjoy reading books?

SESSION B
i. Do you like to participate in discussions?
j. Do you like to listen to lectures?
k. Do you repeat words aloud to remember them?
l. Can you study in a noisy place?
m. Do you like to listen to audio books?
n. Do you say telephone numbers aloud to remember them?
o. Are you good at remembering names?
p. Do you like listening to stories?

SESSION C
q. Do you like to learn by doing things instead of reading the instructions?
r. Do you like to do experiments?
s. Do you like to role play?
t. Can you focus easily?
u. Do you move your hands while talking?
v. Do you ignore instruction manuals?
w. Do you like to do handcraft?
x. Do you like to do physical activity?

Page 62
54 ANALYSIS OF THE QUIZ
i. Read this text and answer: What you need to do to improve your learning process?

HIGHEST SCORE IN SESSION A


You are a visual learner.
Visual learners like to see information, so it is a good idea to read more and use a
picture dictionary to learn the meaning of new words.
You should take notes in order to remember new information and learn faster.
You should use highlight pens with yellow color to highlight and memorize new words.
You should organize new information in charts to better remember it.

HIGHEST SCORE IN SESSION B


You are an auditory learner.
Auditory learners like to hear information, so it is a good idea to listen to audio books,
listen to lectures and listen to music to learn and memorize new words.
You should listen attentively and participate in discussions to learn faster.
You should listen to radio programs, podcasts or watch videos on the internet to learn
and memorize new vocabulary.
You should listen to music and sing aloud to improve your pronunciation and fluency.

HIGHEST SCORE IN SESSION C


You are a physical learner.
Physical learners learn by doing things.
In order to learn faster you should learn by doing things; by expressing your opinions;
talking about your preferences; participating in activities such as discussions and games.
You should study with a partner asking and answering questions as in an interview.
You should prepare and give presentations in order to improve your confidence and
fluency.

54b READING & SPEAKING


ii. Read this text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

Page 63
55 HOMEWORK
i. Complete these sentences with the correct linkers from the box.

at first at the moment until then afterwards

a. _________________ I couldn’t remember her name, but__________I remembered it.


b. ____________________ I was shy and couldn’t talk, but ___________ I became more
confident and started to participate more.
c. _______________________ I am enjoying my course vey much.
d. I will study______________________ I become fluent in English.
e. I was working in the garden____________________ I heard someone shouting.
f. I exercised a lot yesterday and I felt really tired____________________________.

ii. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.


a. My mother left school when she were fifteen.
b. Did she started a new job last year?
c. Last weekend my friend drinked a lot of wine.
d. We didn’t had a boat.
e. Did he went to the cinema?
f. We eated pasta last night.
g. He drived really fast yesterday.

iii. Write WH questions (when, where, why, what, how) in the PAST SIMPLE with
these prompts.
a. _____________________________________________________________ ?
I went to the beach last weekend.
b. _____________________________________________________________ ?
I woke up at 8 o clock in the morning yesterday.
c. _____________________________________________________________ ?
I bought a car because I don’t like to commute by bus.
d. _____________________________________________________________ ?
I traveled to Europe by airplane.

Page 64
iv. Complete these sentences with the PAST SIMPLE or PAST CONTINUOUS.
a. I ____________________(have) dinner last night when the phone______________(ring).

b. We__________________(meet) a famous actor when we ____________________(shop).

c. Sarah__________________(fall) when she____________________(run) the marathon.

d. Frida___________________(start) to paint while she___________________(recover).

e. He____________________(play) soccer when he___________________(get) hurt.

f. They__________________(get) ready for the party when it______________(start) to rain.

v. Write sentences using PAST SIMPLE and PAST CONTINUOUS from these

prompts.

a. ________________________________________________________________________

Adrian / study at university / when / his sister / get married.

b. ________________________________________________________________________

Martin / work at the supermarket / when / he / win the lottery.

c. _____________________________________________________________________

Sam / get a promotion / when / he / work in the marketing department.

d. _____________________________________________________________________

Angela / wait for the subway / when / she / find 10 dollars.

e. ________________________________________________________________________

Christian / ride a bike / when /Susan / call him.

vi. Match these questions with their answers.



a. What’s your friend like? 1. She’s short and has blond hair.
b. What does your friend like? 2. He loves music.
c. What does your friend look like? 3. She is very friendly and honest. 


Page 65
3 MEDIA
1 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. How often do you read newspapers? Which ones?
b. Do you think newspapers tell the truth? Why?
c. Do you think newspapers will be extinct someday? Why?
d. Do you read magazines? Which ones?
e. Do you like to read gossips about celebrities? Why?
f. How often do you use the internet?
g. What do you use the internet for?
h. Which websites do you usually visit?
i. Which search engine do you use? Google, Yahoo, Bing, etc.
j. Do you play computer games? Which ones?
k. How often do you watch TV? Which programs do you usually watch?
l. Do you watch soap operas? Why?
m. How often do you listen to the radio? What radio stations do you listen to?
n. How often do you read books?
o. What kind of books do you enjoy reading?
p. How often do you go to the cinema?
q. What kind of films do you watch?
r. Do you prefer fiction or documentary movies? Why?
s. Do you like to watch sitcoms? Which ones?
t. Would you like to work for the media? If you did, what kind of job in the media
would you like to have? Why?

Page 66
2 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.17 and answer these questions.
a. Does Callum listen to the radio?
b. What does he use the internet for?

3 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.17 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. Callum does not buy newspapers everyday.
b. Callum does not read any magazines.
c. Callum does not watch TV.
d. Callum listens to the radio when he is cooking.
e. Callum does not use the internet.

4 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.17 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

Page 67
5 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.17 - Callum, Helen
C: Hi, Callum Robertson.
H: Hello Callum. Helen Francis, from The Nation.
C: Hi. How are you? Thanks for the email.
H: I’m fine. Thanks for agreeing to do the interview. As I mentioned in the email, it’s
pretty simple really. Just a few questions about the media. You can say as much or as
little as you like.
C: Fine, go ahead.
H: Ok… first question: which newspapers do you read?
C: I don’t buy a newspaper every day because I don’t really have time and it’s a bit
difficult to read a newspaper while you’re cycling. If I travel by train, I get1one of the free
newspapers, like the Metro that we have here in London, but when I get2 to work we
have the daily papers here, so at lunchtime, I read The Guardian or I have a look at one
of the tabloids.
H: What about magazines?
C: I subscribe to a computer magazine Mac World, because I have a Mac at home and I
like to keep up with what’s going on with Macs. And at work I look at trade magazines
and some other computer and Internet magazines, but apart from that I don’t spend a
lot of time with magazines.
H: Uh-huh. What do you watch on TV?
C: I watch a great deal of television. I probably watch too much television. I like
documentaries and comedies. I like American drama series like The Sopranos and ER
and things like that. But I do have square eyes, I think.
H: Do you ever listen to the radio, apart from the programs you make?
C: I listen to the radio a lot. I think it’s a great medium. When I’m cooking in the kitchen, I
always have the radio on. When I’m in the bath, I have the radio on and when I go to
sleep at night I have the radio on. And it’s actually on throughout the night, and when I
wake up in the morning I have the radio on. It’s mainly talk radio; news station BBC Five
Live is the station I tend to listen to, that or Radio 4, another BBC station. I don’t listen to
very much music on the radio, but I love the radio, it’s great.
H: Can I ask you how you use the Internet?
C: I use the internet a great deal. At work it’s part of my job, and at home I use it a lot,
obviously for email. And these days I use it for all of my banking and a lot of my
shopping and so it’s an indispensable tool for me now, the internet, for business use and
for personal use.
H: Ok, finally, do you think the Internet is changing the way we use media? For example,
do you think newspapers have a future?

Page 68
C: I think the Internet allows people to get3 their news from different places and do
research. Erm, but I don’t think the internet will destroy newspapers, because having
something physical in your hand, for reading and turning, is important. You can write on
it, you can do the crossword on it. So, the Internet can give us a lot, but I don’t think it
can ever replace newspapers.
H: Great! That’s it. Thanks very much.
C: My pleasure! I’m looking forward to the article!
H: Well, we can send you a copy when it’s ready.
C: Thanks, Helen. Goodbye.
H: Goodbye.

DICTIONARY 

mentioned: talked about what’s going on: what is happening
pretty: very apart from that: in addition to that
go ahead: continue a great deal: a lot, much
while: at the same time have square eyes: watch too much TV
get1: take, pick up throughout the night: all night
get2: arrive mainly: specially
daily papers: newspapers allows: permit
tabloids: newspapers that talk about get3: receive
gossip and celebrities replace: substitute

keep up with: maintain informed about

6 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.17 again and say what you remember from it.

Page 69
7 GRAMMAR
ARTICLES

• A → Use “a” in front of countable non-specific singular words starting with


consonant sounds.
a book, a hotel, a car, a university

• AN → Use “an” in front of countable non-specific singular words starting with vowel
sounds.
an envelope, an apple, an hour

• ZERO ARTICLE → Use { 0 } in front of countable non-specific plural words


I like cars, I need envelopes, He bough books.

→ Use { 0 } in front of uncountable non-specific words.


I drink water, He needs money, It takes time.

• THE → Use “the” in front of countable specific singular and plural words.
The man who works in my office. The cars that are parked.

→ Use “the” in front of uncountable specific words.


Please, bring the wine you bought yesterday.

8 GRAMMAR TIP
We use “a / an” to talk about someone or something for the first time. (non-specific).

We use “the” when we talk about that person or thing again.


Example:
I have a nice car. The car was bought in January.

Page 70
9 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
i. Write the correct article {a, an, zero article or the} in the gaps to complete this
text.
There is ________ funny advert on ________ TV at the moment. This is what happens,
________ honest-looking man and ________ beautiful woman are getting married.
________ woman is wearing ________ expensive wedding dress. ________ man looks very
happy. At the last minute, however, ________ woman runs away and ________ man is very
surprised. Then we see why. Outside, ________ car is waiting for ________ woman. We
realize that ________ woman loves ________ car more than she loves ________ man.

10 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
i. Choose the correct article to complete this text.
CALLUM ROBERTSON
What do you do?
I work on a / an BBC website for learners of English all over a / the world. I write
material for (0) / the site. I also produce and present live webcasts and features for radio
and online. I usually work in (0) / a London but sometimes travel abroad.
What did you do before you joined the BBC?
I was a / an English language teacher and teacher trainer. I taught in Japan, Denmark,
China and England. I started working for (0) / a BBC in 1998 when I wrote and
presented a / an radio series called English in Question. (0) / The series lasted 40
episodes.
What do you do in your free time?
Most of all, I like playing (0) / the racket sports, particularly badminton and squash. I
enjoy scuba diving and I love hill walking. I also watch a lot of TV and spend a lot of time
using my computer.
What’s your best piece of advice for learners?
Every learner is different so it’s hard to give a / an single tip. However, in general,
practice, practice, practice! You need to work hard, so study an / the irregular verb
tables and learn (0) / the phonetic symbols.

11 READING & SPEAKING


i. Read the texts from exercises 9 and 10 to check new vocabulary, then read it
aloud and say what you remember from them.

Page 71
12 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Do you watch international news channels? Which ones?
b. Do read international news? Where?
c. Which TV channels do you trust?
d. Which internet sites do you trust?
e. What is your opinion about amateur journalism?
f. Where do you prefer to get the news from, the internet, TV channels, newspapers or
magazines? Why?
g. What is the news these days?

13 READING
i. Read the text and answer: What are the main broadcasters in the world?
INTERNATIONAL MEDIA
The main international broadcasters are BBC World and CNN. With an audience of
over 1.5 billion people, these are popular channels that offer good quality news
programs. In both companies, the journalists are experienced writers that produce
journalism of a high standard.
However, there are less traditional news channels that people watch because they want
a less traditional or non-western view on world events. Al Jazeera International is an
Arabic television news company that started an English language international channel
in 2006, with more than 15 offices and professional journalists all around the world, it
says it gives a fresh view on the big stories and it shows the news that we do not
normally see.
The internet offers even more variety. OneWorld is an international site which has stories
about the developing world and human rights, rather than the usual stories about US
politics and business. The writers for this company are usually local people who write
the stories for free. This non-professional journalism is increasing and it certainly offers
more choice.
AllAfrica.com and WNN.com are also internet news sites, but they do not produce the
news stories. Instead, they have links to more than 4,000 news organizations across the
world. On sites like these, with a click of the mouse, you select the news that you want to
see.
So, next time you are in a hotel room, before you turn on the TV, perhaps you should
turn on your laptop and discover the world’s news yourself.

Page 72
DICTIONARY 

main: most important however: but
broadcasters: companies that transmit fresh view: new angle, new
radio or TV programs developing world: poor countries
audience: people who watch rather than: as an alternative to
over: more than instead: as an alternative
high standard: good quality perhaps: maybe


ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.


a. How many people watch BBC and CNN channels?
b. Who write the news for BBC and CNN?
c. When did Al Jazeera start an English language international channel?
d. How many offices does Al Jazeera have around the world?
e. What kind of news does OneWorld offer?
f. Who write the news for One World?
g. Which websites do not produce news stories?
h. What do these sites offer?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

Page 73
14 GRAMMAR
RELATIVE PRONOUNS → We use relative pronouns to connect
two or more parts of a sentence.

• WHO → Use who for people


Journalists are professionals. + Journalists write news stories.
→ Journalists are professionals who write news stories.

• WHICH → Use which for things


BBC is a company. + BBC offers good quality news.
→ BBC is a company which offers good quality news.

• THAT → Use that for people or things

1 Journalists are professionals. + Journalists write news stories.


→ Journalists are professionals that write news stories.

2 BBC is a company. + BBC offers good quality news.


→ BBC is a company that offers good quality news.

• WHERE → Use where for places


London is a famous city. + Interesting people live in London.
→ London is a famous city where interesting people live.

Page 74
15 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
i. Choose the correct RELATIVE PRONOUN {who, which, that or where} to connect
these sentences.
a. Local people write news stories. + The news stories are very interesting.

b. OneWorld is an internet site. + OneWorld offers news about human rights.

c. Politicians are very important people. + Politicians make the laws in a country.

d. The United Nations is an organization. + The United Nations tries to solve world

problems.

e. New Orleans is a beautiful city. + Many famous politicians were born in New Orleans.

16 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
i. Choose the correct RELATIVE PRONOUN {who, which, that or where} and
complete these sentences with your ideas.
a. Journalists are people…

b. OneWorld is a company…

c. BBC has a website…

d. New York is a city…

e. English is a language…

f. Nelson Mandela was a great leader…

Page 75
17 VOCABULARY
i. Mark the stressed syllable, write PERSON or SUBJECT, then make three
sentences using these words and RELATIVE PRONOUNS.

PHOTOGRAPHER - PHOTOGRAPHY POLITICS - POLITICIAN
ART - ARTIST PSYCHOLOGIST - PSYCHOLOGY
SCIENTIST - SCIENCE ENTREPRENEUR - ENTREPRENEURSHIP


a. A photographer is a person who studies photography.


b.
c.
d.

18 VOCABULARY
i. Check new vocabulary and the stressed syllable of these words, then put these
topics of TV programs in order of interest for you.

BUSINESS FASHION
< ‘biznes > < ‘faSHan >

CARS FILMS
< ‘kars > < ‘films >

CELEBRITIES AND FAME NATURE & ENVIRONMENT


< se’lebradis an feim > < ‘naiCHar an in’virement >

COMEDY POLITICS
< ‘kamedi > < ‘pale,tiks >

DESIGN POP MUSIC


< de’zin > < ‘pap ‘myoozik >


Page 76
19 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. What sort of TV programs do you usually watch?
b. Do you like to watch programs about politics? Why?
c. How often do you watch movies?
d. What sort of movies do you never watch?
e. Do you like to watch programs about celebrity gossips?
f. How often do you watch programs about sports?
g. Do you like to watch music video clips?
h. Do you watch business programs? Which ones?

20 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.18 and answer these questions.
a. Which is the name of the program: Fame and Fun, Fame and Fortune or Money and
Fortune?
b. Which is the name of the business specialist: Johny Cotton, Johny Miller or Tony
Cotton?

21 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.18 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. The program brings the freshest news and views.
b. In today’s programs they interview the president.
c. They meet young film directors in Scotland.
d. The business specialist visits the Google offices.

22 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.18 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

Page 77
23 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.18
Hello and welcome to Fame and Fortune, the program that brings you the freshest
news and views from the world of politics, business and entertainment. In today’s
program, we interview the deputy prime minister about her sporting past and her
current family life, we meet the hottest young film directors in Ireland and there’s music
from the chart-topping band The Hoddies. Our business specialist, Tony Cotton, visits
the Google offices in the States, and Lynne Miller brings you the latest celebrity gossip.
First of all, over to the news studio for the headlines of the week…

24 DICTIONARY 

freshest: very new chart-topping band: very popular
musical group
deputy prime minister: political position
similar to president, chief of state celebrity gossip: stories about famous
people
current: present, modern, of today
headlines: most important news


25 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.18 again and say what you remember from it.

26 DICTATION
i. Listen to the dictation and write it in your notebook, then check the spelling.
a. I think we should aim the program at …
b. I suggest we air the program …
c. Why don’t we air the program in the …
d. It’s a good idea to air the program on ….
e. I recommend the program cover topics such as …
f. I guess it would be a good idea to interview …
g. We should include …

Page 78
27 CASE STUDY
i. Imagine you will participate in the creation of a radio program called Fame and
Fortune and answer these questions using the expressions from exercise 26.

a. What age group (kids, teenagers, young adults or elderly) should the program be
aimed at?

b. How often should the program be aired: once a week, twice a week or everyday?

c. When should the program be aired: mornings, afternoons or evenings?

d. What days of the week should the program be aired?

e. What sort of topics should the program cover: politics, fashions, celebrity gossip,
cars, etc?

f. What sort of people should the program interview?

g. What else should the program include?

28 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.20 and answer: When will the program be aired?

29 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.20 again and write TRUE or FALSE.

a. The program will include some rich people.
b. The program will interview politicians about politics.
c. The program will present a live band.
d. The program will show exotic animals.


30 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.20 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

Page 79
31 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.20
Jeff, Kylie, Bill
J: Ok then, Bill, Kylie, you’ve read the brief for the new program. To summarize, it’s a
magazine-style program with a young adult audience and it’s for the early Friday
evening slot. The working title is Fame and Fortune. Now’s the time to sort out some
details. Any ideas? Kylie?
K: Well Jeff, I think we should include some politics in the program.
J: Politics? Really?
K: Yeah, I know politics is usually a turn-off for this audience, but I think we can do it in a
new way.
J: Oh yes, and how do we do that?
K: Well, why don’t we get some politicians on the program? However, let’s not interview
them about politics. Instead, let’s ask them about their lives, you know, interests, family,
perhaps their life before politics.
J: Ok, so er, politicians without politics.
K: Exactly.
B: I like it.
J: So do I. Anything else? Bill?
B: What about music? We should have a live band on the program.
J: I agree, but, then again, so many programs do that.
B: That’s true, but why don’t we get the band to perform three or four songs, rather than
just one?
J: Nice idea, that way we get a much better idea about the band.
K: Fine, but what about the fortune part of the program? What about interviewing rich
people?
J: No, I…I don’t think that’s a good idea. We don’t need more interviews, and rich
people are often really boring. I think we should do something about high profile
businesses, you know, er, like Google, Sony, Apple. You know, the big businesses that
have all the exciting new ideas and products.
K: Great idea! So, we’ve got some politics, music and business, all with a fresh angle. I
think these things are good for the target audience, but the program is an hour long.
What else shall we put in the program?
B: What about something with animals?
K/J: Animals!?
J: And, just how are animals connected to fame and fortune exactly?

Page 80
B: Well, I thought that perhaps we could find pets that have unusual talents, you know,
cats that can sing. And then we could have a competition, and, you know, make them
famous.
K: And you really think that young adults, after a hard week at work, are interested in
that?
B: Well, I don’t know, erm, well, perhaps not, erm, perhaps that’s not a good idea. Why
don’t we…

DICTIONARY 

brief: plan get: have
summarize: explain in a short way boring: not interesting
audience: people who watch something high profile businesses: big companies
slot: space of available time fresh angle: new point of view
sort out: decide, organize target audience: a specific group of
people for a product or service
turn-off: what cause people to lose
interest pets: domestic animals


32 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.20 again and say what you remember from it.

33 PLANING & SPEAKING


i. Check new vocabulary, then use these sentences in the box to answers the
questions about a new TV program.


• Why don’t we…? • We should…


• Let’s … • What about…?
• Shall we…? • How about…?


a. What should be the program’s target audience?


b. What day and time should air the program?
c. What should be the content of the program?
d. Who should the program interview?
e. How many presenters should the program have?
f. What is the name of the program?
Page 81
34 SPEAKING
i.Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Do you always believe the news?
b. How often do you read newspapers?
c. How often do you watch TV news?
d. Do you like to read the news on the internet?
e. Do you like to read news about celebrities? Why?
f. Do you prefer local news or international news? Why?

35 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.23 and answer: Do Roberta and Ilwo always believe the news?

36 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.23 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. Ilwo believes most TV news.
b. He trusts BBC and CNN channels.
c. Ilwo doesn't believe newspapers so much.
d. Ilwo thinks newspapers are not very political.
e. Roberta never believes TV news.
f. Roberta is Spanish.
g. Ilwo is from South Africa.

37 READING
i.Read the transcript of track 1.23 to check your answer and new vocabulary, then
read it aloud.

Page 82
38 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.23
Roberta, Ilwo
R: Ok, so the question is: Do you always believe the news? Right… do you want to start?
I: Yes, all right. Er, well… it depends. I believe most of the news on TV, especially the BBC
or CNN news. They’re big, international organizations and a lot of people trust them,
including me! I believe their websites too.
R: What do you think about newspapers? Do you believe them?
I: No, I don’t believe newspapers so much. I think some of them write anything, just to
sell. You know, stories about celebrities…
R: Yes, but that can be interesting sometimes when you don’t want really serious news.
I: Mmm, you’re right actually. It is sometimes interesting to read those kinds of news
stories. Anyway, another thing is… the newspapers are often very political. Some are for
the government, and others are against the government.
R: Absolutely. And they try to influence you.
I: I think TV news is fairer. It’s more balanced. Anyway, what do you think? Do you
believe the news?
R: Well, I think I agree with you, basically. I trust TV news more. But there is a special
problem here in Britain, even on the TV news… you know… it’s the way they talk about
Europe… they seem to tell British people what they want to hear…
I: Sorry, I don’t really understand. What do you mean exactly?
R: Well… when they talk about Europe in the media… it’s … like it’s a bad thing, you
know, like it’s us and them… Britain’s good and Europe’s bad. I’m Italian so that makes
me angry.
I: So, are you saying that the British feel that they aren’t really part of Europe?
R: Yes, exactly!
I: Mmm, that’s an interesting point. I’m not sure I agree with you, though. Anyway, at
least the British media say something about Europe. I never see any news about South
Korea at all. My country doesn’t really exist for them.

DICTIONARY 

trust: believe against the government: not in favor of
the government
actually: in fact
fairer: more just, more appropriate
for the government: in favor of the
government I’m not sure: I don’t know if
at least: at the minimum 


Page 83
39 LISTENING & SPEAKING
i.Listen to track 1.23 again and say what you remember from it.

40 VOCABULARY
i. Check new vocabulary, then put these words in order of interest for you.

CHILDREN’S PROGRAMS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
DOCUMENTARIES
DRAMAS
GAME SHOWS
MOVIES
NATURE PROGRAMS
NEWS
REALITY SHOWS
SERIES
SITCOMS
SOAP OPERAS
TALK SHOWS
VARIETY SHOWS
MUSIC VIDEO CLIPS

41 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Which of the programs above do you watch?
b. Which of the programs above do you dislike?
c. Do you watch TV series? Which ones?
d. Which of the programs above should children never watch?
e. In your opinion which of the programs above are educational?
f. Do you usually read movie reviews? Why?
g. What is the best movie you have ever watched? Why do you consider it so good?

Page 84
42 READING
i. Read this MOVIE REVIEW and answer: Does the author recommend the series?
LIFE ON MARS
The fashion and culture of the 1970s are popular today, but Life on Mars, a new police
series, reminds us what life was really like then.
The story is simple. In Manchester, 2006, a car knocks down Detective Chief Inspector
Sam Tyler (John Simm) while he is looking for a killer. He wakes up in 1973. He is still a
police officer in Manchester and he is still looking for the same killer. However, the collar
of his shirt is a lot bigger and there aren’t any computers in the police station.
Life on mars is an exciting police drama that is part thriller and part comedy. Simm
gives a convincing performance as a man who is in shock, and writer Mathew Graham
makes sure that there is also plenty of enjoyable comedy.

DICTIONARY 

reminds: makes you remember thriller: suspense
knocks down: runs over gives a convincing performance: is a
great actor
killer: a person who kills people
makes sure: guarantees
still: continues to be
plenty: many

collar: the neck of a shirt

ii. Read the text again and write TRUE or FALSE.


a. Nowadays people do not like the fashion and culture of the 70s.
b. Life on Mars is a reality show.
c. Detective Chief Inspector Sam Tyler is hit by a car.
d. Detective Chief Inspector Sam Tyler is looking for a thief.
e. There are plenty of computers in the police station.
f. Life on Mars is a romance.
g. John Simm is not a good actor.

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

Page 85
43 WRITING
i.Put the elements of a movie review in the correct order. Check the order in
exercise 41.

• a strong ending with a recommendation about the movie


• a summary of the story
• details of the main character
• a description of the place where the story happens
• comments on the actors performance
• an interesting beginning

44 WRITING
i.Think about a movie or series that you watched and write a review. Use the
elements from exercise 43 and the text about Life on Mars as a model.

MOVIE REVIEW

Page 86
45 SPEAKING
i.Check new vocabulary, then say if you agree or disagree with these statements
and explain why.
a. Most TV programs are rubbish. There is nothing interesting to watch.
b. Soap operas make people stupid.
c. Comedies are the best kind of movies.
d. Documentaries are really educational programs.
e. Talk shows are really boring.
f. Reality shows make you think about people’s behavior.
g. Disney movies are really magical.
h. News programs are really informative.
i. Watching game shows is a waste of time.

46 GRAMMAR
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
i. Check the table and complete the sentences with the correct REFLEXIVE
PRONOUN.

PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

I MYSELF

YOU YOURSELF

HE HIMSELF

SHE HERSELF

IT ITSELF

WE OURSELVES

YOU YOURSELVES

THEY THEMSELVES

a. I like to cook my meals _______________________________________________.


b. She should think more about__________________________________________.
c. If we do it ________________________________________ , we will save money.
d. He could never make decisions by_____________________________________.
e. I have an oven that cleans_____________________________________________.
f. You and your sister should not talk only about___________________________.

Page 87
47 SPEAKING
i. Ask and answer these questions.
a. Who is your favorite movie actor?
b. Who is your favorite movie director?
c. Do you like to watch thrillers? What is your favorite thriller?
d. What do you know about Alfred Hitchcock?

48 READING
i.Read this text and answer: What is an interesting fact about his movies?
ALFRED HITCHCOCK
My name is Sam Malloney, I always enjoy a good thriller, and I am a movies critic, I see a
lot of them. One of my favorite movie directors is Hitchcock. He was born in London in
1899, Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was one of the most creative and inspirational directors
of the 20th century. Many of his movies are classics which are still popular and important
movies today.
Hitchcock came from a poor family, and he left school early to start work. His first job in
cinema was designing the text on the screen in silent movies. He soon moved into
directing, however, and his first major movie was The Lodger (1926), a dark thriller. In
the movie, he used new and interesting camera techniques.
Of the 53 feature films that Hitchcock made, perhaps his best came while he was
working in the United States. He made some amazing movies in the period of the 1950s
and early 1960s. These include the psychological thrillers Rear Window (1954) and
Vertigo (1958) and, possibly his most famous, the terrifying horror movie Psycho in 1960.
Hitchcock continued to make movies into his 70s, he made his last movie, Family Plot, in
1976, four years before he died.
Hitchcock was a hardworking and talented movie-maker, and helped make the careers
of many young actors. One of the interesting facts about him was that he appeared in
many of his movies himself. He became famous for his short appearances in his movies
and audiences still watch his movies for the scenes where Hitchcock appears.

DICTIONARY 

are still: continue to be lodger: a person who rents a room
screen: surface where a movie is feature film: full-length movie
projected rear: in the back position of the house
major: very important plot: drama, story, plan 


Page 88
ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.
a. Where and when was Hitchcock born?
b. Why did he leave school?
c. What did he do at his first job?
d. What was his first major movie?
e. How many movies has he made?
f. What is his most famous movie?
g. When did he die?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

49 VOCABULARY
i. Complete the crossword puzzle of personality traits using these clues.
a. someone who treats other people well
b. someone who wants to help
c. someone calm who can wait and does not get angry
d. someone who likes to talk
e. someone who tells the truth
f. someone who is not polite

a. K __ __ D
b. H __ __ P __ __ __
c. P __ T __ __ __ T
d. T __ __ K __ T __ __ E
e. H __ N __ __ T
f. R __ __ E

Page 89
50 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Tell me the names of some famous TV presenters.
b. What kind of qualities should a TV presenter have? Why?
c. Would you like to be a TV presenter? Why?
d. If you were a TV presenter, what kind of program would you like to present? Why?
e. What are the best kind of programs on TV? Why?
f. What are the worst kind of programs on TV? Why?
g. Do you watch reality shows? What is your opinion about them?

51 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.24 and answer: What kind of program needs a TV presenter?

52 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.24 again and write TRUE or FALSE in these sentences.
a. Steve Giles is very polite and cheerful.
b. He is not good looking.
c. He has long dark hair.
d. A lot of young people will watch the program.
e. He will go to the studio for a camera test.

53 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.24 to check you answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

Page 90
54 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.24
Sally, Geoff
S: Hi, Geoff. Can I talk to you for a minute?
G: Sure, what is it?
S: Well, yesterday I met that guy Steve Giles - you know, the one I thought was a possible
presenter for our new reality TV show.
G: Oh, yes. What’s he like?
S: Nice. He’s very polite, and cheerful…
G: Hold on, Sally, can he present a reality TV show? I don’t think we want a nice, polite
person for that!
S: Don’t you? Well, I’m not sure. I think the presenter has to be friendly so that people
want to watch him. He’s really confident too.
G: OK. What does he look like?
S: He’s good-looking. He’s got short dark hair, lovely eyes. He’s not very smart, though,
his clothes, I mean.
G: What, is he scruffy?
S: No, no, not scruffy, casual. You know, he was wearing jeans and a T-shirt. But we don’t
need a really smart person for this show. I think we need someone young and relaxed.
G: Yes, so do I. A lot of young people will watch it.
S: Exactly. Why don’t we invite him to meet the celebrities in the show? You know, see
how they all get on. I think we should arrange a meeting.
G: I don’t agree, Sally. It’s too soon. We don’t know enough about Steve yet. What about
getting him to the studio for a camera test… see how he looks on screen?
S: Oh, good idea. Let’s do that. I’ll…

DICTIONARY 

cheerful: happy and optimistic smart: wears nice clothes
hold on: wait a moment scruffy: wears dirty old clothes
confident: believes himself get on: perform together, understand
each other 

good-looking: beautiful, handsome

55 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.24 again and say what you remember from it.
Page 91
56 HOMEWORK
i. Complete these sentences with the correct article from the box.

a - an - the - no article

a. Do you like ________ computer games.


b. Do you have ________ computer at home.
c. My sister is ________ journalist.
d. Steve was elected ________ journalist of the year.
e. I don’t trust ________ journalists.
f. There is _______ interesting program about medicine on TV tonight.
g. I usually don’t watch ________ medicine programs.
h. ________ medicine program you recommended was really interesting.
i. Can you recommend ________ English dictionary?
j. I love to watch ________ comedies.
k. Did you watch ________ sitcom I recommended?
l. I would like to watch ________ new soap opera that starts next Monday.
m. I can’t sleep after I watch ________ thrillers.

ii. Choose the sentence that has the same meaning.


a. I love watching soap operas.
( ) I love all soap operas.
( ) I love only some soap operas.
b. Jason is at the cinema downtown.
( ) We know which cinema.
( ) We don’t know which cinema.
c. The stories in that magazine are interesting.
( ) I’m talking about all the stories in that magazine.
( ) I’m talking about specific stories.
d. Suzy works for a TV station.
( ) The listener knows which TV station.
( ) The listener doesn’t know the TV station.

Page 92
iii. Match these sentences halves and use WHO, THAT or WHICH to connect them.

a. A documentary is a program … 1. … continues a story each week.
b. A producer is a person … 2. … happen to ordinary people.
c. A search engine is a computer 3. … is famous for appearing on TV.
program … 4. … makes programs.
d. A sitcom is a comedy series … 5. … helps people find information on
e. A celebrity is a person … the internet.
f. A drama is a story about things … 6. … tells you facts about the world.


iv. Correct these sentences.


a. That’s the woman which bough my car.
b. Ricard Branson is the person which owns Virgin Airlines.
c. A computer is a thing who helps people to work and study.
d. I read a story who was very interesting.
e. I watched the program what talked about celebrities.

v. Choose the correct words to complete these sentences.


a. My sister works for a TV station / program.
b. I’m interested in newspapers with serious articles / advertisements.
c. This magazine has a lot of information about celebrities / producers.
d. I like fiction stories so I prefer to watch dramas / documentaries.
e. She was a journalist / TV presenter on a reality show.
f. Children usually like animals, so they watch nature programs / soap operas.

vi. Complete these sentences with these words.

art - artist - journalism - journalist - photographer - photography - politician -


politics

a. An ___________________ creates ____________________.


b. A ____________________ writes articles for magazines and newspapers.
c. A ____________________ can be worth millions of dollars.
d. It is quite difficult to find an honest ____________________.
e. I don’t enjoy to read news about ___________________.

Page 93
4 HEALTH
1 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. How often do you see your doctor?
b. How often do you get a physical?
c. Have you ever had a surgery? How long did it take for you to recover?
d. Do you have health insurance? How good is it?
e. Do you have dental health insurance? How good is it?
f. What is your opinion about your country’s health system?
g. What is the difference between private hospitals and public hospitals?
h. Do people suffer from malnutrition in your country?
i. Have you ever done charity?
j. What motivates people to do charity?
k. Would you like to work as a volunteer to help people?
l. Why do you think some people volunteer to work in developing countries such as
Siri Lanka and Kenya?

Page 94
2 READING
i.Read the introduction of six podcast programs about volunteers working abroad
and answer: In your opinion what is the most interesting program? Why?

1. New Life Begins


A day in the life of one of our nurses, Beverly Timpleton, in Siri Lanka. She has worked in
many different countries, but this is her most difficult position so far.
2. Health teeth for the young
During their first week of action in rural areas, two new mobile clinics have treated more
than 600 children.
3. Working in the Congo
Miles Gallant, a surgeon from London, talks about his current work with us in the Congo.
He hasn’t worked in a foreign country before.
4. Hospital building continues
To date, our team is Sri Lanka has built four hospitals, providing treatment to almost half
a million people.
5. Treating malnutrition in Kenya
During this year, we have trained 500 local people to treat malnutrition in their villages.
6. Forced closure of mobile clinics in Ethiopia
We have closed our healthcare program in Ethiopia because of a lack of funding.

ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.


a. Where has Beverly Timpleton worked?
b. How many children have the mobile clinics treated?
c. Has Miles Gallant worked abroad before?
d. How many hospitals has Siri Lanka built?
e. How many people has Kenya trained?
f. Why have Ethiopia closed their healthcare program?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

Page 95
3 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.25 and match these four extracts to the podcasts in Exercise 2.
Extract 1: ______
Extract 2: ______
Extract 3: ______
Extract 4: ______

4 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.25 again and write TRUE or FALSE in these sentences.
Extract 1
a. They have closed their mobile clinics in Africa because of the weather.
b. They have opened two new Ethiopian centers.
Extract 2
c. Miles Galant thinks working in the Congo is boring.
d. He works in a big clinic in the city.
Extract 3
e. They educate local people about the effects of malnutrition.
f. They have trained 600 people.
g. Extract 4
h. Beverly Timpleton has worked in Kenya, Nepal and Peru.
i. She has seen 14 patients today.

5 READING
i.Read the script of track 1.25 to check your answers and new vocabulary, then
read it aloud.

Page 96
6 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.25
EXTRACT 1
Sad news from head office concerning our work in Africa. Unfortunately, we’ve closed
our mobile clinics in Ethiopia because of severe financial problems. Last year, we ran
ten health centers in Africa but, this year, we’ve received very little money and we can’t
continue to offer medical services across the continent. We’ve decided to close the two
Ethiopian centers and we hope to raise more money…

EXTRAC 2
Working here is the best thing I’ve ever done. When I worked in the UK I got bored with
the daily routine, but out here I find every day interesting and demanding. I’m working
in a small clinic in the middle of the jungle and I’ve never done such important work
before. The villagers in this region can’t get to government hospitals, so this clinic is the
only hope they have. I usually do about two operations a day and, so far, in my time
here, I’ve probably saved about a hundred lives. When your work is very important,
you…

EXTRACT 3
The lack of food and poor diet in this region cause many of the health problems for the
local people. We wanted to reduce their need for doctors like us so, on January the 1st
2004, we decided to educate the local people about the effects of malnutrition. Finally,
after many years of planning and raising money, in January of this year, we started a
training program. So far, we’ve trained 500 people. By the end of the year, that number
will be 1,000. Vera is doing the course at the moment. ‘This course has given me many
new skills. Before, I didn’t know how to help people in my village. Now, I’m sure I can
make a difference.’ Vera finishes the course next week and then she’ll return to her
village…

EXTRACT 4
I often work for IMA and I’ve worked in Kenya, Nepal and Peru. However, my current
position, here in Siri Lanka, is perhaps the most difficult job I’ve had so far. Last year, an
earthquake hit this area and this caused a massive amount of damage. I’ve never seen
so much destruction before. I help the doctors in a couple of clinics, one here and
another in a smaller village about ten kilometers away. I see people with diseases and
serious injuries. Today, I’ve seen forty patients, and I don’t finish work for another four
hours. These are busy days indeed. I started work at seven…

Page 97
DICTIONARY 

head office: main office raising money: collecting donations
concerning: about so far: until now
severe: serious skills: abilities
across the continent: all parts of the IMA: International Medical Aid
continent current: present, actual, existing now
got bored: having no interest hit: affected
demanding: difficult, rigorous massive amount: large quantity, a lot of
jungle: forest, green area couple of: two
villagers: people who live in the village diseases: sickness
get: go indeed: in fact 

lack of food: having no food

7 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i.Listen to track 1.25 again and say what you remember from it.

Page 98
8 GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT
REGULAR VERB FORMS →We form the PAST and the
PARTICIPLE of regular verbs adding ED.

i. Check this list with THE MOST COMMUM REGULAR VERBS:

REGULAR VERBS

PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE Meaning in Portuguese

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED aceitar

ACHIEVE ACHIEVED ACHIEVED alcançar, conquistar

ACT ACTED ACTED atuar, agir

ADMIT ADMITTED ADMITTED admitir

AFFECT AFFECTED AFFECTED afetar

AGREE AGREED AGREED concordar

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED responder

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED aparecer

APPLY APPLIED APPLIED aplicar, candidatar-se

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED discutir, brigar

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED chegar

ASK ASKED ASKED pedir, perguntar

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED evitar

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED acreditar

CALL CALLED CALLED ligar, chamar

CARRY CARRIED CARRIED carregar, transmitir,


continuar

CAUSE CAUSED CAUSED causar

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED mudar, trocar

CLOSE CLOSED CLOSED fechar

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED comparar

CONSIDER CONSIDERED CONSIDERED considerar

CONTAIN CONTAINED CONTAINED conter

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED continuar

COUNT COUNTED COUNTED contar, depender de

COVER COVERED COVERED cobrir

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED decidir

DETERMINE DETERMINED DETERMINED determinar


Page 99
DEVELOP DEVELOPED DEVELOPED evoluir, desenvolver

DIE DIED DIED morrer

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED descobrir

ENTER ENTERED ENTERED entrar

ESTABLISH ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED estabelecer

EXIST EXISTED EXISTED existir

EXPLAIN EXPLAINED EXPLAINED explicar

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED terminar

FOLLOW FOLLOWED FOLLOWED seguir

FORM FORMED FORMED formar

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED acontecer

HELP HELPED HELPED ajudar

HOPE HOPED HOPED ter esperança

IMAGINE IMAGINED IMAGINED imaginar

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED melhorar, desenvolver

INCLUDE INCLUDED INCLUDED incluir

INCREASE INCREASED INCREASED aumentar

INDICATE INDICATED INDICATED indicar

INTRODUCE INTRODUCED INTRODUCED apresentar, introduzir

KILL KILLED KILLED matar

LIVE LIVED LIVED viver

MAINTAIN MAINTAINED MAINTAINED manter, fazer


manutenção, continuar,
persistir

MENTION MENTIONED MENTIONED mencionar, dizer

MOVE MOVED MOVED mudar, mover

NEED NEEDED NEEDED precisar

NOTE NOTED NOTED anotar, notar

NOTICE NOTICED NOTICED notar, perceber

OCCUR OCCURRED OCCURRED acontecer, ocorrer

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED oferecer

OPEN OPENED OPENED abrir

PASS PASSED PASSED passar

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED jogar, brincar

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED preparar

PREVENT PREVENTED PREVENTED prevenir, evitar

Page 100
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED produzir

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED proteger

RAISE RAISED RAISED levantar, elevar,


aumentar

REACH REACHED REACHED alcançar

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED receber

RECOGNIZE RECOGNIZED RECOGNIZED reconhecer, valorizar

REDUCE REDUCED REDUCED reduzir, diminuir

REMEMBER REMEMBERED REMEMBERED lembrar

REMOVE REMOVED REMOVED remover

REPRESENT REPRESENTED REPRESENTED representar

RESPOND RESPONDED RESPONDED responder

RETURN RETURNED RETURNED retornar

SAVE SAVED SAVED poupar, guardar, salvar

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED parecer

SERVE SERVED SERVED servir

SHARE SHARED SHARED dividir, repartir

SIGN SIGNED SIGNED assinar, marcar

SOUND SOUNDED SOUNDED soar, parecer

STAY STAYED STAYED ficar, permanecer

STOP STOPPED STOPPED parar

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED estudar

SUPPORT SUPPORTED SUPPORTED apoiar, dar suporte

TOUCH TOUCHED TOUCHED tocar

TRAVEL TRAVELED TRAVELED viajar

TREAT TREATED TREATED tratar

TRY TRIED TRIED tentar, experimentar

USE USED USED usar

VISIT VISITED VISITED visitar

WALK WALKED WALKED andar

WANT WANTED WANTED querer

WATCH WATCHED WATCHED assistir, vigiar

WORK WORK WORK trabalhar, funcionar

WORRY WORRIED WORRIED preocupar

Page 101
9 GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT
IRREGULAR VERB PATTERNS →PAST and PARTICIPLE forms of IRREGULAR VERBS do
not follow only one pattern.

IRREGULAR VERBS PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE

PATTERN 1

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT

PATTERN 2

DRINK DRANK DRUNK

SINK SANK SANK

SING SANG SUNG

PATTERN 3

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN

LOSE LOST LOST

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN

PATTERN 4

BLEED BLED BLED

FEED FED FED

READ READ READ

PATTERN 5

BLOW BLEW BLOWN

GROW GREW GROWN

FLY FLEW FLOWN

PATTERN 6

DEAL DEALT DEALT

FEEL FELT FELT

KEEP KEPT KEPT

PATTERN 7

BET BET BET

CUT CUT CUT

SET SET SET

Page 102
10 GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT
i. Check this list with THE MOST COMMUM IRREGULAR VERBS

IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE Meaning in Portuguese

BE WAS / WERE BEEN ser, estar

BEAT BEAT BEATEN bater, espancar, derrotar

BECOME BECAME BECOME tornar-se

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN começar

BET BET BET apostar

BLOW BLEW BLOWN soprar

BREAK BROKE BROKEN quebrar

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT trazer

BUILD BUILT BUILT construir

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT comprar

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT pegar, agarrar

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN escolher

COME CAME COME vir

CUT CUT CUT cortar

DEAL DEALT DEALT lidar

DO DID DONE fazer

DRAW DREW DRAWN desenhar, arrastar

DRINK DRANK DRUNK beber

DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN dirigir

EAT ATE EATEN comer

FALL FELL FALLEN cair

FEED FED FED alimentar

FEEL FELT FELT sentir

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT lutar

FIND FOUND FOUND encontrar

FLY FLEW FLOWN voar

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN esquecer

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN congelar

GROW GREW GROWN crescer

GIVE GAVE GIVEN dar

Page 103
GET GOT GOT / GOTTEN conseguir, comprar,
chegar, pegar, entender,
buscar, tornar-se,
causar, decorar, induzir

HANG HUNG HUNG pendurar

HAVE HAD HAD ter

HEAR HEARD HEARD ouvir

HIDE HID HIDDEN econder

HIT HIT HIT acertar, atingir, bater

HOLD HELD HELD segurar, manter, esperar

HURT HURT HURT machucar

KEEP KEPT KEPT manter, guardar

KNOW KNEW KNOWN saber, conhecer

LAY LAID LAID deitar

LEAD LED LED liderar, guiar

LEAVE LEFT LEFT partir, deixar

LEND LENT LENT emprestar

LET LET LET permitir

LIE LAY / LIED LAIN / LIED mentir

LIGHT LIT LIT ascender

LOSE LOST LOST perder

MAKE MADE MADE fazer

MEAN MEANT MEANT significar, querer dizer

MEET MET MET encontrar, conhecer

PAY PAID PAID pagar

PUT PUT PUT colocar

READ READ READ ler

RIDE RODE RIDDEN montar, cavalgar,


passear

RING RANG RUNG tocar

RISE ROSE RISEN levantar, subir, elevar-se

RUN RAN RUN correr

SAY SAID SAID dizer

SEE SAW SEEN ver

SELL SOLD SOLD vender

SEND SENT SENT enviar

SET SET SET colocar, arrumar, causar,


marcar, ajustar, preparar
Page 104
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN sacudir, agitar, tremer,
chocar, apertar as mãos

STEAL STOLE STOLEN furtar

SHINE SHONE SHONE brilhar

SHOOT SHOT SHOT atirar

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN mostrar

SHUT SHUT SHUT fechar, tampar, trancar

SING SANG SUNG cantar

SINK SANK SUNK afundar

SIT SAT SAT sentar

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT dormir

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN falar

SPEND SPENT SPENT gastar

STAND STOOD STOOD ficar em pé, sustentar,


aguentar, permanecer

STICK STUCK STUCK aderir, prender, fixar

SWEAR SWORE SWORN jurar, xingar

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT varrer, arrastar

SWIM SWAM SWUM nadar

SWING SWUNG SWUNG balançar

TAKE TOOK TAKEN pegar, levar, tirar, tomar,


agarrar, receber,
capturar, aceitar,
fotografar, empregar,
adotar, entender, guiar,
conseguir, segurar

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ensinar

TEAR TORE TORN rasgar, rachar

TELL TOLD TOLD contar, dizer

THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT pensar

THROW THREW THROWN atirar

UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD entender

WAKE WOKE WOKEN acordar, despertar

WEAR WORE WORN usar, vestir

WIN WON WON ganhar, vencer

Page 105
11 GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT STRUCTURE

PRESENT PEREFCT AFFIRMATIVE

SUBJECT AUX. HAVE / HAS MAIN VERB IN PAST COMPLEMENT


PARTICIPLE
WE HAVE CLOSED OUR CLINICS IN ETHIOPIA

I HAVE SAVED ABOUT A HUNDRED LIVES

THIS COURSE HAS GIVEN ME MANY SKILLS

PRESENT PERFECT NEGATIVE

SUBJECT AUX. HAVE / HAS + MAIN VERB IN PAST COMPLEMENT


NOT PARTICIPLE

WE HAVEN’T OPENED NEW CLINICS IN ETHIOPIA

I HAVEN'T KILLED ANYBODY

THIS COURSE HASN’T COST MUCH

PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE - YES / NO QUESTIONS

AUX. VERB SUBJECT MAIN VERB IN PAST COMPLEMENT


HAVE / HAS PARTICIPLE

HAVE WE OPENED NEW CLINICS IN ETHIOPIA?

HAVE I SAVED MANY LIVES?

HAS THIS COURSE CHANGED MY LIFE?

PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE - WH QUESTIONS

WH QUESTION AUX. VERB SUBJECT MAIN VERB IN COMPLEMENT


HAVE/HAS PAST PARTICIPLE

WHERE HAVE WE CLOSED SOME CLINICS?

HOW MANY LIVES HAVE I SAVED ?

WHAT HAS IT TAUGHT ME?

Page 106
12 GRAMMAR
i.Write the sentences in the PRESENT PERFECT from the transcript of track 1.25.

a. We’ve closed our mobile clinics in Ethiopia.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

j.

k.

l. 


Page 107
13 GRAMMAR
i. Rewrite these sentences in the PRESENT PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE.
a. He plays jazz music. → He has played jazz music.
b. He gives money to poor people.
c. He has many jobs.
d. They work at the bank.
e. Jack studies Math.
f. I work at an international company.
g. We live in South America.
h. She practices many sports.

ii. Rewrite these sentences in the PRESENT PERFECT NEGATIVE.


a. He hasn’t played jazz music.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

iii. Rewrite these sentences in the PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE.


a. Has he played jazz music?
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Page 108
14 GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT USAGE

1. ACTIONS STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE IN THE PRESENT


• They haven't lived here for years.
• She has worked in the bank for five years.
• We have had the same car for ten years.
• Have you played the piano since you were a child?

2. WHEN THE TIME PERIOD HAS NOT FINISHED


• I have worked hard this week.
• It has rained a lot this year.
• We haven't seen her today.

3. REPEATED ACTIONS IN AN UNSPECIFIED PERIOD


• They have seen that film six times.
• It has happened several times already.
• She has visited them frequently.
• We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

4. ACTIONS COMPLETED IN THE VERY RECENT PAST (+JUST)


• I have just eaten.
• We have just seen her.
• Has he just left?
• Have you just finished work?

5. WHEN THE TIME OF THE ACTION IS NOT IMPORTANT


• Someone has eaten my soup!
• She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
• Have you seen this movie?

Page 109
15 GRAMMAR

Present Perfect Simple Past Simple


Unfinished actions that started in the past Finished actions:
and continue to the present:

I've known Julie for ten years (and I still I knew Julie for ten years (but then she
know her). moved away and we lost touch).

A finished action in someone's life (when Finished actions:


the person is still alive: life experience):

My brother has been to Mexico three My great-grandmother went to Mexico


times. three times.

A finished action with a result in the A finished action with no result in the
present: present:

I've lost my keys! (The result is that I can't I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible!
get into my house now). (Now there is no result. I got new
keys yesterday).

With an unfinished time word (this week, With a finished time word (last week, last
this month, today): month, yesterday):

I've seen John this week. I saw John last week.

Page 110
16 GRAMMAR TIP

• PAST SIMPLE: • PRESENT PERFECT:
Actions which have no connection to the →Actions which started in the past and
present. are still happening.
Used with finished time words: →Finished actions which have a
YESTERDAY, LAST WEEK, LAST MONTH, connection to the present.
IN 1992… →Used with unfinished time words:

TODAY, THIS WEEK, LATELY, RECENTLY,

NOWADAYS… 


17 VOCABULARY
i. Put the TIME EXPRESSIONS in the box in the correct category.

FIVE MONTHS AGO ON DECEMBER 20TH, NEVER
2007
THIS YEAR SO FAR
LAST YEAR
IN THE LAST FEW DAYS YESTERDAY
AT FIVE O’CLOCK TO DATE


A. PAST SIMPLE B. PRESENT PERFECT


1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

Page 111
18 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.

In your life…
a. How many countries have you visited?
b. How many times have you traveled abroad?
c. Have you ever ridden a horse?
d. Have you ever surfed?

This year…
e. Have you had vacations this year?
f. How many times have you traveled this year?
g. How have you traveled?
h. Who have you traveled with?

This week…
i. How much television have you watched this week?
j. How many times have you been to the supermarket this week?
k. Have you been to the cinema this week?
l. Have you exercised this week?

Today…
m. How many phone calls have you made today?
n. How many emails have you read so far today?
o. Have you eaten any fruit today?
p. Have you had any cups of coffee today?

Page 112
19 VOCABULARY
i. Check new vocabulary, then complete this short texts about podcasts using the
verbs in parentheses in the PAST SIMPLE or PRESENT PERFECT.
INTERNATIONAL MEDI-AID
A Survivor’s Story
One week ago, Asif ____________________ (go) outside to collect some water. Seconds
later, a bomb exploded.

Training Nurses
So far this year, 110 local nurses ____________________ (complete) IMA training courses
in the Congo.

Images of Survival
Last week, IMA ____________________ (organize) a special exhibition of photography by
survivors.

Healthier Futures
We ____________________ (build) two child nutrition clinics in Gaza and we hope to build
two more next year.

No Deliveries
Refugees in Darfur ____________________ (not receive) any food supplies this month as
the fighting continues.

Soccer Aid
Nearly 12,000 people ____________________ (help) to raise vital funds for IMA at a
charity football match on Christmas Day.

DICTIONARY 

survivor: a person who did not die food supplies: a stock of food
nurses: people who work in the hospital aid: help
helping patients nearly: approximately
refugee: a person who was forced to funds: money
leave their country
match: game

Page 113
20 SPEAKING
i.Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. How often do you eat healthy food?

b. How often do you eat junk food?

c. Which of these kinds of meat have you ever eaten?

• red meat (lamb, pork, beef)


• poultry (chicken, turkey, goose, duck)
• game (rabbit, hare, partridge, pheasant)
• seafood (shrimps/prawns, lobster, shellfish/scallops, mussels, oysters, crab)

d. Which of these greens and vegetables do you usually eat?



artichoke spinach lettuce carrots onions
asparagus kale zucchini potatoes garlic
broccoli cabbage cucumber manioc pumpkin
cauliflower arugula parsnip tomatoes okra


e. How many meals a day do you eat?

f. How many cups of coffee have you drunk today?

g. How many glasses of wine have you drunk this month?

h. How many pieces of cake have you eaten this week?

i. Which vitamins have you taken this year?

j. Have you ever had high blood pressure?

k. Have you had a cold or the flu this year?


l. Do you have good eyesight?
m. Have you had headaches this month?
n. Have you ever had a back problem?
o. Have gotten stressed at work lately? Why?
p. Have you had any days off sick at work recently? Why?
q. Have you seen a doctor recently? What did he prescribe you?
r. What do you do to keep healthy?

Page 114
21 READING
i.Read the text and answer: What should people eat to be healthy?
FEED YOUR BODY & MIND
“Eat healthy food and have a healthy body.” We have known this for a long time. Eat fruit
and vegetables and stay physically healthy. However, we now know that there is also
healthy food for our brain. Eat healthy food and have a healthy mind. This is not perhaps
a surprise. After all, we all know how chocolate can change our mood. However, new
research clearly shows the link between diet and mental health.
For a few years, there has been a campaign to improve school meals in the UK, Daniel
Brown is the head teacher of a school that banned junk food and started serving healthy
food in 2006. “Our research shows that, since 2006, the children’s behavior in class has
been a lot better. They are now calmer and they concentrate more. As a result, they are
learning more.”
The UK Mental Health Foundation has started a campaign called Feeding Minds to
publicize its own research. John Powel has been a psychologist for thirty years. “This
research shows that our diets have changed a lot, and the level of mental illness has
increased. Now, I always consider my patients’ diets, especially when they complain of
depression and insomnia.”
The final piece of research concerns the Mediterranean diet. Since 1950, scientists have
known that this Mediterranean diet, consisting of fruit, vegetables, fish, olive oil and red
wine, helps you live longer. Since 2006, they have known that it also prevents
Alzheimer’s disease, a serious mental illness that affects the elderly, and they are now
telling the world about this important discovery.
So, what does all this research suggest you eat?
• To improve your memory, eat salmon.
• To improve your concentration, eat vegetables.
• To fight insomnia, eat nuts.
• If depression is a problem, eat brown rice.
• If you worry about your later years, cook with olive oil.
Whatever you do, use your brain and shop for your mental health.

DICTIONARY 

feed: give food banned: prohibit
mood: the way you feel, state of mind behavior: the way people act, conduct
clearly: obviously prevents: avoid, don’t let happen
meals: food (breakfast, lunch, dinner) elderly: people of old age


Page 115
ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.
a. What has Daniel Brown’s school done?
b. How have kids’ behavior changed after their school banned junk food?
c. How long has John Powel been a psychologist?
d. What does the Mediterranean diet consist of?
e. How long have scientists known the Mediterranean diet prevents Alzheimer’s ?
f. What should people eat to improve their memory?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

22 GRAMMAR
i.Write the sentences in the PRESENT PERFECT from the text.
a. We have known this for a long time.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

ii. Rewrite these sentences in the PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE.


a. Have we known this for a long time? or How long have we known this?
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Page 116
23 GRAMMAR
i.Write FOR or SINCE in these sentences.
a. I have studied English since 1997.
b. They have waited for 2 hours.
c. I have lived in New York City __________ 2003.
d. She has worked for Microsoft __________ 6 years.
e. He has had a headache __________ this morning.
f. Children have suffered from malnutrition __________ 2000.
g. These patients have waited for treatment __________ six months.
h. The Mediterranean diet has been popular __________ years.
i. John Powel has been a psychologist _________ thirty years.
j. __________ 2006, they have known that healthy food prevents Alzheimer’s disease.

24 VOCABULARY
i.Learn how to say years. Listen and repeat. 


a. 1900 → nineteen hundred g. 2005 → two thousand five


b. 1906 → nineteen o six h. 2010 → two thousand ten or
twenty ten
c. 1919 → nineteen nineteen
i. 2016 → two thousand sixteen or
d. 1990 → nineteen ninety
twenty sixteen
e. 1999 → nineteen ninety nine
j. 2020 → two thousand twenty or
f. 2000 → two thousand twenty twenty 


25 SPEAKING
i.Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions using FOR or SINCE.
a. How long have you studied English?
b. How long have you lived in this city?
c. How long have you lived in your current home?
d. How long have you worked for your current company?
e. How long have you had your current cellphone?
f. How long have you had your current car?
g. How long have you known your best friend?

Page 117
26 VOCABULARY
i.Check these words and answer: What kind of doctors have you already seen?

TYPES OF DOCTORS

• Cardiologist: a heart doctor


• Dermatologist: a skin doctor
• Dentist: a doctor who treats teeth
• General Practitioner/GP: a family doctor you see for common health problems
• Obstetrician: a doctor for female pregnant women
• Optometrist: an eye doctor
• Optician: a person who prescribes and sells glasses
• Orthopedist: a bone doctor
• Pediatrician: a doctor for children
• Surgeon: a doctor who performs operations
• Occupational physician: a doctor for employees with occupational health
problems

27 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.26 and answer: What kind of doctor has Lucy seen?

28 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.26 again and write TRUE or FALSE in these sentences.
a. Lucy hasn’t seen a doctor lately.
b. Lucy has taken 10 days off sick this year.
c. Lucy has had a back problem since she was a child.
d. Lucy has suffered from neck pain.
e. Lucy has seen an optician about six months ago.

29 READING
i.Read the transcript of track 1.26 to check your answers and new vocabulary, then
read it aloud.

Page 118
30 TRANSCRIPT- TRACK 1.26
Mary, Lucy
M: Right, now Lucy, I need to ask you a few questions. Have you seen a doctor recently?
L: No, I haven’t.
M: OK. Have you had any days off sick in the last two years?
L: Erm, yes, I have… about five, I think.
M: Right, could you tell me why?
L: Oh, just for minor things, colds and flu, you know that kind of thing.
M: Sure, that’s fine for now, but I want to give you some advice later. OK? Do you have a
back problem?
L: Er, yes, I do, actually. It’s not very serious though.
M: OK, well, that’s your opinion. How long have you had this problem?
L: Well, for about three years, I had a minor accident, and since then, well, I’ve had this
problem with my lower back.
M: I see. Well, let me know if it gets worse at work here. Do you suffer from neck pain?
L: No, I don’t. The problem is just with my lower back.
M: Right. Do you have good eyesight?
L: No, I don’t actually, but I wear contact lenses so there aren’t any problems.
M: Fine. When did you last go to the optician’s?
L: Oh, six months ago, more or less.
M: OK, the last few questions now. Do you often get headaches?
L: No, I don’t.
M: Do you often get colds or flu?
L: No, not very often. Perhaps a couple of times a year.
M: But that means you sometimes take time off work, doesn’t it?
L: Erm, yes, but not very often.
M: I know, but we can still improve things, can’t we? I can give you some advice about
preventing these minor illnesses.
L: OK, well, any more questions?
M: Yes, the last one. Do you sometimes get stressed by work?
L: Yes, I do! I was stressed all the time in my last job, that’s why I’ve changed jobs, in
order to reduce my stress. I hope things are better here…

Page 119
DICTIONARY 

minor: small, not important preventing: avoiding
advice: suggestion illnesses: sickness, diseases, ailments
optician: eye doctor a couple of: two


31 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i.Listen to track 1.26 again and say what you remember about it.

32 VOCABULARY
i.Check new vocabulary, then answer: Which of these illnesses have you already had?

TYPES OF ILLNESSES / DISEASES / SICKNESS / AILMENTS

• Allergy → a bad reaction to animals, • Insomnia → Not being able to sleep at


dust, foods or plants. The symptoms are night.
red eyes, runny nose and sneezing.
• Rash → Uncomfortable, itchy, red spots
• Cough → forcing air out of the lungs on the skin.
making a loud and uncomfortable
noise. • Rundown → feeling sick because of
an unhealthy lifestyle
• Dizziness → feeling that everything
around you is spinning. • Under the weather → feeling sick.

• Fever → high body • Runny nose → mucus coming from the


temperature. nose.

• The flu → a very strong cold caused by • Sneeze → an uncontrollable movement


a virus. Symptoms include: fever, of air from the nose and mouth.
headache, runny nose and sneezing.
• Sunburn → Red and painful skin
•  Hay Fever → an allergy to plants and because of prolonged sun
pollen from flowers. The symptoms are exposure.
red eyes, a runny nose and sneezing.

Page 120
33 VOCABULARY
i.Check new vocabulary, then read these expressions to talk about health
problems.

EXPLAINING A HEALTH PROBLEM TO THE DOCTOR

We can talk to the doctor about health problems using PRESENT PERFECT or PRESENT
SIMPLE:

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS


I have been coughing a lot these days.
I have been sneezing a lot recently.
I have been having strong headaches for the last few days.
I haven’t been sleeping well since last week.


PRESENT SIMPLE
I have a cough.
I sneeze a lot.
I have a strong headache.
I don’t sleep well.

• The present perfect continuous is used to show that something started in the
past and is still happening now.
We use → I have been + verb+ing

• The present simple is used to focus on a situation at the present. It is more common
to use the present simple when we talk to a doctor.

COMMOM EXPRESSIONS TO TALK ABOUT ILLNESSES:

• I have a bad back. • I feel dizzy.


• I have a sore throat. • I feel under the weather.
• I have a fever. • I feel rundown.


Page 121
34 GRAMMAR TIP
We can also talk about diseases using the PAST SIMPLE, specially when we talk to our
friends or colleagues about a health problem we had after we have recovered.

35 SPEAKING
i.Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Do you have a bad back?
b. Have you had a sore throat this year?
c. Have you been feeling dizzy lately?
d. Do you feel under the weather?
e. Have you had a runny nose this month?
f. Did you have fever last month?
g. Did you sleep well last night?
h. Have you had insomnia lately?

36 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.29 and answer: What kind of health problem does David have?

37 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.29 again and write TRUE or FALSE in these sentences.
a. David’s back hurts.
b. David spends all day on the phone.
c. David has had a lot of colds.
d. David doesn't smoke.
e. David eats a lot of fruit and vegetables.
f. The doctor prescribes David eat garlic.
g. Davis goes swimming once a week.

38 READING
i.Read the transcript of track 1.29 to check your answers and new vocabulary, then
read it aloud.

Page 122
39 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.29
Mary, David
M: So then, David, what’s the matter?
D: Well, er, the thing is that, at the end of a day at work, my neck really hurts.
M: I see. Do you do a lot of computer work?
D: Well, yes, I do. I spend all day at the computer, but I take regular breaks.
M: OK, that’s good, but do you stretch your arms?
D: Sorry?
M: Well, every half hour, you should stretch your arms to reduce the tension in your
neck.
D: I see. Well, I can do that, I guess. Every 30 minutes?
M: Yes, and make sure you do that. Now I see from your records that you’re often off
sick.
D: Well, not very often, but, yes, I seem to get a lot of colds and things.
M: I see. Can I ask about your general lifestyle? Do you eat well? Do you smoke?
D: Well, er, I don’t smoke and eat quite well.
M: That’s good that you don’t smoke. Do you eat a lot of fruit and vegetables?
D: Not really, especially not fruit.
M: Right, well, because you don’t eat a lot of fruit, I think you should take some vitamins.
You know vitamins help fight colds, don’t you?
D: Sure, OK.
M: Well, if you know, why don’t you take them already?
D: Well, you know, I’m very busy and…
M: No excuses, please, David. Now, you should also eat garlic because it helps fight
colds too. And it should be raw when you have it, don’t cook it.
R: Really? Erm, I don’t really like garlic but well, er, perhaps…
M: There’s no perhaps about it. The company doesn’t welcome days off for colds.
Now, finally, in order to improve your health, you should do some exercise.
D: Oh, I do already. Er, I go swimming once a week.
M: Well, that’s good, but you should go swimming three times a week so that it really
helps your health.
D: I know, but, well, I don’t really have a lot of free time, you know, we work long hours
here.
M: I know, but the healthier you are, the more time you will have.

Page 123
D: Er, I guess so. Er, anyway, time to get back to the computer, er, don’t worry, I’ll… I’ll
do some stretches!
M: And eat some fruit, and don’t forget the garlic…

DICTIONARY 

what’s the matter: what’s the problem fights colds: avoids colds
spend: pass raw: uncooked
records: document, report, archive doesn’t welcome days off for colds:
does not approve that employees do not
often off sick: do not come to work many
work because of colds
times because of sickness
long hours: many hours
quite well: very well
I guess so: I agree


40 SPEAKING
i.Listen to track 1.29 again and say what you remember from it.

41 ROLE PLAY
i. Check new vocabulary and read this conversation aloud. Then role-play it.

DOCTOR’S APPOINTMENT
Patient: Hi, I'd like to make an appointment to see the doctor today.
Receptionist: I’m afraid the doctor is busy today, but he is free tomorrow
afternoon. Is 2 o'clock OK?
Patient: Sure! It is fine!
Receptionist: Are you a current patient?
Patient: Yes, I am.
Receptionist: What your full name, please?
Patient: It’s…
Receptionist: Fine! Your appointment is scheduled.
Patient: Thanks!

Page 124
42 DICTATION
i. Write the dictation in your notebook, then check the spelling.
1. January, February, March. April, May, June
2. July, August, September, October, November, December
3. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday

4. APPOINTMENTS

5. Doctor: 2.15pm Thursday 25th June

6. Dermatologist: 4.40pm Monday 12th January

7. Dentist: 12pm (noon) Wednesday 27th April

43 VOCABULARY
i.Match these two columns, then read these ordinal numbers aloud. 

a. 1st 1. twenty third
b. 10th 2. first
c. 15th 3. fifteenth
d. 23rd 4. second
e. 30th 5. tenth
f. 2nd 6. thirtieth 


44 SPEAKING
i. Say the ordinal numbers from 1st to 31st.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th,
18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st.

45 GRAMMAR TIP
ORDINAL NUMBERS ARE USED TO TALK ABOUT:
• DATES
• FLOORS
• RANK
• ORDER IN A LIST
Page 125
46 VOCABULARY
i. Check these expressions to talk about symptoms. Read them aloud.
I have a…


+ ache bad + sore +


headache bad back sore throat
backache bad head sore eyes *
stomachache bad leg sore feet *

muscle ache

47 ROLE PLAY
i. Check new vocabulary then read this conversation aloud. Then role-play it
TALKING TO THE DOCTOR
Doctor: Hi, what’s wrong?
Patient: I have a …
Doctor: How long have you had this problem?
Patient: About 3 days.
Doctor: Ok. Have you had any other symptoms?
Patient: Erm, I also have a …
Doctor: I see. Let me check you heartbeat and your blood pressure.
Patient: Am I gonna be all right doctor?
Doctor: Sure! You just need to sleep more and do some exercise.
Patient: Really? Are you gonna prescribe some medication?
Doctor: Yes, I am prescribing some vitamins. You should also eat more fruit and
vegetables.
Patient: Ok doctor. I will do that. Thanks!
Doctor: Make an appointment to see me again in two weeks. I hope you will be
fine by then.

DICTIONARY 

what’s wrong: what’s the problem blood pressure: the pressure of the
circulatory system
heartbeat: the pulsation of the heart
prescribe: recommend the use of
by then: on that date
medication or treatment


Page 126
48 QUIZ
i. Check new vocabulary, then answer these questions to check you knowledge
about health and diseases.
1. Not being able to sleep at night is called _______________.
a. hay fever

b. sneeze

c. rash

d. insomnia
2. Some people are _______________ to dogs.
a. allergic

b. allergy
3. A doctor who operates on people is called a ______________.
a. dentist

b. cardiologist

c. surgeon

d. optician
4. My nose has been _______________.
a. run

b. running
5. I have a _______________.
a. fever

b. hot head
c. feverish
6. I have a _______________ throat.
a. sore

b. ache

c. pain
7. I have a stomach _______________.
a. bad

b. sore

c. ache
8. I’m feeling a little under the ___.
a. weather

b. run down
9. What are your _______________ ?
a. wrongs

b. trouble

c. symptoms
10. Take this _______________ to the pharmacy and get your medicine.
a. prescriptions 

b. patient

c. chemist


Page 127
49 QUIZ ASNWERS
i. Check your answers and calculate your points. You get 1 point per correct
sentence.
1d, 2a, 3c, 4b, 5a, 6a, 7c, 8a, 9c, 10a

ii. Check your points to measure your knowledge. Read it aloud.


1-3 points: You need to learn more vocabulary about health and diseases. Review this
chapter with your teacher.
4-6 points: You learn quite a few words about health and diseases. Review this chapter
to make sure you know all.
7-9 points: You are quite an expert. You can sure understand what is going on with your
health. Make sure to avoid diseases and keep healthy.
10 points: You are an expert. You can surely understand a lot about health and diseases.
Make sure to always keep healthy.

50 WRITING
i. Write the verbs in parentheses in the PRESENT PERFECT tense and choose FOR
or SINCE to complete these sentences.
a. Maxine ____________________ (be) ill for / since a week.
b. We ___________________ (know) about this treatment for / since 1950.
c. I ___________________ (have) a cold for / since Monday.
d. He ____________________ (be) a nurse for / since twelve years.
e. There ____________________ (not be) a hospital in the Congo for / since many years.

51 VOCABULARY
i. Match these health problems with the appropriate medication.

a. fever 1. antiallergic medication
b. headache 2. aspirin
c. backache 3. sleeping pills / melatonin pills
d. insomnia 4. antacid
e. stomachache 5. cough syrup
f. hay fever / allergies 6. antipyretic medication / Novalgin
g. sore throat 7. painkiller / muscle cream


Page 128
52 SPEAKING
i. Match these home remedies with the respective problems, then give advice
using the verb SHOULD.

1. change your chair and keep a good posture


2. go to the optician’s
3. drink camomile tea and melatonin
4. take some breaks during the day and stretch your arms and legs
5. avoid drinking too much coffee and take some antacid
6. take some vitamin C and some cold medicine

a. I have sore eyes → You should go to the opticians.


b. I have a backache
c. I am stressed at work
d. I have insomnia
e. I have a stomachache
f. I have a runny nose

53 ROLE PLAY
i. You are an occupational therapist. Give advice to some company’s employees
using the prompts in the box and your own ideas.

What’s the matter? You should…
How long do you have this symptoms? It’s a good idea to avoid…
Do you…? I recommend you…
How often do you…? I will prescribe …


a. I get headaches all the time.


b. My lower back aches a lot.
c. I have the flu.
d. I’m tired all the time and I can’t sleep at night.
e. I’m really stressed at work and I can’t concentrate.

Page 129
54 READING
i. Read this email and answer: What is the relationship between Harry and Abi?

FROM: harry.gray@talkalot.co.uk
TO:abigail564@globalnet.com
SUBJECT: Thanks
________________________________________________________________________________
Hi Abi
How are things? Thanks very much for all your help last week. It was sweet of you to
come and stay taking care of me. I’m feeling a lot better now, and I’m not taking the
painkillers anymore. I can move around the house and do the cooking without any
problems. It’s dead here without you, though!
On Tuesday, I popped out to the shops and on Wednesday I had dinner with Melanie.
Guess what? She wants to do a postgraduate course in mental health! But she hasn’t
decided where to study yet. It was a really nice evening, but I felt worn out the next
morning.
I think I can go back to work next week, but I need to keep an eye on my health in future.
Anyway, thanks again for looking after me. Hope to see you next month.
Cheers
Harry

ii. Read this email again and answer these questions.


a. When did Abi help Harry?
b. What kind of medication was Harry taking?
c. Who is cooking for Harry now?
d. What did Harry do last Tuesday?
e. What did Harry do on Wednesday?
f. What is new with Melanie?
g. How did Harry feel after going out with Melanie?

iii. Read this email again to check new words, then read it aloud and say what you
remember from it.

Page 130
55 VOCABULARY
i. Match these sentences halves.

a. Thanks for your advice … 1. You helped me a lot. I promise I will
do it for you next time.
b. Thanks for doing the shopping …
2. It was lovely. You are a great cook!
c. Thanks for dinner …
3. It was my favorite.
d. Thanks for giving me that chocolate
… 4. It really worked!


56 SPEAKING
i. Thank your friends for helping you with these situations.
a. Your friend cleaned your apartment for you.
b. You friend picked you up at the airport.
c. Your friend treated you to dinner.
d. Your friend lent you a pair of jeans.

57 WRITING
i. Write an email thanking your friend for helping you with one of the situations
from exercise 56. Use the email from exercise 54 as a sample and the expressions
from the box. Read your email aloud.

GREETINGS OPENINGS BEGINNINGS ENDINGS
Hello How’s life? Thank you for your Take care
help.
Hi How are things? Bye for now
Thank you for
Dear (name) How are things Love
helping me with…
going? See you soon
I’d like to thank
How are you?
you for… Cheers
Hope you are With love
well!
Hope you are OK!

Page 131
FROM:
TO:
SUBJECT:
________________________________________________________________________________

58 GRAMMAR
i. What does the ’S mean? Choose the correct answer.
1. He’s had an operation.
a. is b. has c. ’s possessive case
2. There’s a problem with David’s eyesight.
a. is b. has c. ’s possessive case
3. Jane’s here.
a. is b. has c. ’s possessive case
4. It’s been a difficult week.
a. is b. has c. ’s possessive case
5. The doctor’s skills are very useful there.
a. is b. has c. ’s possessive case

Page 132
59 HOMEWORK
i.Complete this text with the PRESENT PERFECT of these verbs.

Our medical organization came to Bangladesh three years ago and I __________ (be)
here since the beginning. We __________ (train) about 80 men and women to become
nurses, and they __________ (travel) to different parts of the country to help people. We
also __________ (employ) a number of doctors and managers, and together they
__________ (open) small clinics in other parts of the country.
We certainly __________ (not finish) all our work here. There are a lot of small towns and
villages that we __________ (not visit) yet, but I’m sure we __________ (save) a lot of lives.
It __________ (be) a wonderful experience so far and it __________ (teach) me a lot.

ii. Choose the correct form.


a. I visited / have visited a lot of countries in Asia.
b. Last year I went / have been to China.
c. The government built / has built ten new hospitals in the last five years.
d. Did you ever go / Have you ever been to the USA?
e. My mother phoned / has phoned me every day when I was in London.
f. Jane didn’t see / hasn’t seen me yesterday.
g. I didn’t finish / haven't finished my homework yet.
h. I had / have had about three colds this year.

iii. Rewrite these sentences using the underlined verb in the PRESENT PERFECT
and FOR or SINCE.
a. Inez is a doctor. She graduated in 2008.
→ Inez has been a doctor since 2008.
b. I have a cold. I got a cold last Saturday.

c. Alice is married. She got married in 1981.

d. Mark has a toothache. His toothache started 2 days ago.

e. John is in the Congo. John went to the Congo in January.

Page 133
iv. Complete these pieces of advice using SHOULD or SHOULDN’T.

1. I’ve had about three colds this winter. I’m fed up with it.
a. You __________ eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.
b. You __________ drink too much alcohol and coffee.

2. I work part-time at a restaurant and study in the morning. I need to get up really early
to go to school and work until very late. I always feel really tired.
c. You __________ work late.
d. You __________ look for another job.

3. At work, I sit all day. My back hurts all the time.


e. You __________ sit all day.
f. You __________ take regular breaks to stretch your legs.

v. Write the correct words in these sentences.

optician / nurse / insomnia / malnutrition depression


headache / surgeon / dentist / fever

a. A person who performs operations is a ___________________ .


b. The result of not eating enough is ___________________ .
c. A person who can’t sleep well has ___________________ .
d. A person who treats your teeth is a ___________________ .
e. A person who treats your eyes is an ___________________ .
f. A person who feels sad all the time has ___________________ .
g. When your head hurts you have a ___________________ .
h. A person who helps a doctor take care of patients is a ___________________ .
i. A person who has high body temperature has ___________________ .

Page 134
5 ENVIRONMENT
1 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. How often do you travel to the countryside? What do you do there?
b. How often do you travel to the coast? What do you do there?
c. How often do you travel to the mountains? What do you do there?
d. What islands have you visited? Which is your favorite? Describe it?
e. What do you know about Bora Bora?

2 READING
i. Read this text and answer: How big is Bora Bora?
BORA BORA
Many people have called it the most beautiful island in the world, a paradise of clear
blue water and white sandy beaches in the Pacific Ocean.
The main island is surrounded by a lagoon and a large ring of smaller islands. There are
green hills and two impressive peaks. At 727 meters high, Mount Otemanu is the
highest point.
The lagoon is the most important feature of Bora Bora and is three times bigger than
the main island. The water is calm, shallow and transparent, with an amazing range of
different shades of blue. You can go on trips to feed the sharks and friendly rays.
You can drive round Bora Bora in about an hour (it’s only 6kms long and 3.5 Kms wide)
but it is better to travel by bike. When you’re thirsty, stop for a coconut drink. A man cuts
off the top of your coconut with a huge knife!

DICTIONARY 

surrounded: in a circle, encircled shallow: not deep, not profound
hills: small mountains range: variety
peaks: highest points of a mountain shades: color tonalities
feature: characteristic feed: give food to


Page 135
ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.
b. What is the highest point in Bora Bora?
c. What is the most important feature of Bora Bora?
d. What kind of animals can you see there?
e. What is the best way to travel in Bora Bora?
f. What can you drink when you are thirsty?

iii. Read this text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

3 VOCABULARY
i. Check new vocabulary, then complete these sentences with some of the words
from the box.

beach / cliff / coast / forest / hills / lagoon / lakes


mountains / rock / sand / waves / sea / river

a. I love to spend the day on the ___________________ swimming and sunbathing.


b. I would love to go hiking in the ___________________. The view must be amazing.
c. Look at that ____________________. I think it is 2,000 meters above sea level.
d. I am afraid of driving on the ____________________. They have a lot of curves.
e. My kids really enjoy to make ____________________ castles on the beach.
f. That professional surfer is not afraid of these high ___________________.
g. It seems that big ____________________ is going to fall from the top of that mountain.
h. I’m a little afraid of swimming in the ____________________. I prefer swimming pools.
i. I went camping in the ____________________ and saw many wild animals there.
j. There are many ____________________ with fish in the countryside.
k. Bora Bora has a very beautiful and large ______________ with calm transparent water.
l. I would like to go fishing in a ____________________ .

Page 136
4 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then answer these questions.
a. Are there famous islands in your country? Which are they?
b. Which is the biggest island in your country? How big is it?
c. What are the most famous islands in the world?
d. Have you ever visited famous international islands? Which ones?

5 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.31 and answer: Which three Islands do they talk about?

6 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.31 again and write TRUE or FALSE in these sentences.
a. Greenland is the biggest island in the world.
b. Greenland lies between North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
c. An icecap covers 50% of Greenland.
d. Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world.
e. The population of Madagascar is about 50,000 people.
f. About 30 kinds of wildlife are at risk on Madagascar.
g. Great Britain is the second biggest island in the world.
h. Great Britain has a population of 60 million people.
i. The Channel Tunnel is about 30 kilometers long.

7 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.31 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

Page 137
8 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.31
Islands have their own kind of magic, and Greenland is one of the most magical
of them all. During the summer months, it is daylight a lot of the time and it’s hard to
sleep! But it gives you more time to see this strange, wild and enormous place.
Greenland is the biggest island in the world. It lies between the North Atlantic and
Arctic Oceans, off the coast of North America. It’s almost two thirds the size of Australia;
2,655 kilometers from north to south, and 1,290 kilometers from east to west. So there’s
a lot of land, but it’s not very green. In fact, Greenland is the least green of all the islands
in today’s program. And that’s because an icecap, a thick layer of ice, covers 85 per
cent of Greenland. Snow falls on Greenland in every month of the year. The snow gets
deeper and deeper and turns to ice. As a result, Greenland has the second largest
icecap in the world, after Antartica. On average, the ice is one and a half kilometers
thick, in fact. And it’s always moving. In large parts of the island, there are no people at
all. About 55,000 people live around the coast, where the climate is less cold than in the
center. Their main work is fishing.
Madagascar is a world apart. It’s the fourth largest island in the world, and lies in
the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Africa. It split away from the rest of Africa about 100
million years ago. It’s a land of contrasts and surprises. There’s rainforest on the East
coast of Madagascar. In the South it’s hot and dry, but the climate is cooler in the
mountains that run down the middle of the island. So some parts are less tropical than
others. Most of the people are farmers, and rice is the main food. The population is
about 18 million. But what makes Madagascar special is that there are unusual types of
animals and plants that you can’t find anywhere in the world. The island’s most famous
animals are the lemurs, they look a little like monkeys and they’ve got long tails. But
they’re in danger now because people have destroyed the forests where they live. In all,
about 50 kinds of wildlife are at risk on Madagascar.
Yes, it probably looks familiar … and of course it is. I’m in Trafalgar Square, in the
heart of London. Sometimes it’s easy to forget that Great Britain is an island, too. In fact,
Great Britain is the eighth largest island in the world, and the largest in Europe. It’s
interesting, too, because it’s actually three countries: England, Scotland and Wales. It’s
rich in history, and people come from all over the world to visit famous churches,
museums and castles. Great Britain is more crowded than many of its European
neighbors, and has a population of 60 million. But in parts it’s also very beautiful.
Mountains cover a lot of Scotland, where there are many long, deep lakes, called lochs.
Wales and the north of England are flatter. The area around London is probably the
least impressive part of Great Britain. In 1994, the Channel Tunnel opened. This rail
tunnel is almost 50 kilometers long, and links England to France. It’s the second longest
tunnel in the world, after the Seikan tunnel in Japan. Because of the Channel Tunnel,
some people think that Great Britain is no longer an island!

Page 138
DICTIONARY 

lies: is located lemurs: an arboreal animal with a long
tail
off the coast: near the coast
wildlife: native fauna
icecap: a large layer of ice
the heart of: the center of
thick: dense
crowded: with a lot of people
gets deeper and deeper: accumulates
lochs: lakes
turns to: becomes
flatter: without hills, even surface
a world apart: very unique
links: connects
split away: divided from, moved away
from no longer: not anymore 


9 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.31 again and say what you remember from it.

10 GRAMMAR
i. Write the sentences with COMPARATIVES and SUPERLATIVES from the text.
a. Greenland is one of the most magical of them all
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.

Page 139
11 GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES ADJECTIVES USAGE

COMPARATIVES → USED TO COMPARE TWO THINGS / PLACES / PEOPLE


In the coast the weather is warmer than in the center of the island.
Los Angeles is bigger than Chicago.
Paul is taller than Mike.

SUPERLATIVES → USED TO COMPARE THREE OR MORE THINGS / PLACES / PEOPLE


The coast is the hottest part of the island.
New York is the biggest city in the US.
Paul is the tallest boy in class.

FORMING COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES


Comparative adjectives are formed by :

adding the suffix ER to a one or two syllable adjective

adding more or less before a two or three syllable adjective

→PAY ATTENTION: IT IS NOT ACCEPTABLE to use MORE/LESS + suffix ER

Paul is more taller than John, or less taller than Michael.

Examples of Comparative Adjectives

Stella is a smaller than Bruno. (Stella is compared to Bruno.)

We ordered a bigger cake than usual for the party. (The present cake is compared to the
cake they usually order.)

Trey is more handsome than any movie star I’ve ever seen. (Trey is compared to a movie
star.)

Susan is a kind person but she is less compassionate than Linda. (Susan is compared to
Linda.)

Venus is brighter than Pluto. (Venus is compared to Pluto)

Page 140
12 GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE STRUCTURE

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

1 … + ER THAN THE …+ER


one syllable

SMALL SMALLER THAN THE SMALLEST

LARGE LARGER THAN THE LARGEST

LONG LONGER THAN THE LONGEST

SHORT SHORTER THAN THE SHORTEST

COLD COLDER THAN THE COLDEST

COOL COOLER THAN THE COOLEST

CALM CALMER THAN THE CALMEST

OLD OLDER THAN THE OLDEST

ELD ELDER THAN THE ELDEST

SOFT SOFTER THAN THE SOFTEST

HARD HARDER THAN THE HARDEST

FAST FASTER THAN THE FASTEST

ODD ODDER THAN THE ODDEST

GREAT GREATER THAN THE GREATEST

QUICK QUICKER THAN THE QUICKEST

SLOW SLOWER THAN THE SLOWEST

SWEET SWEETER THAN THE SWEETEST

RICH RICHER THAN THE RICHEST

LIGHT LIGHTER THAN THE LIGHTEST

2 …Y ( remove the Y and add I ) + IER THAN …Y ( remove the Y and


one syllable add I ) THE …+ IEST
ending in Y

HEAVY HEAVIER THAN THE HEAVIEST

HAPPY HAPPIER THAN THE HAPPIEST

DIRTY DIRTIER THAN THE DIRTIEST

FUNNY FUNNIER THAN THE FUNNIEST

DRY DRIER THAN THE DRIEST

CURLY CURLIER THAN THE CURLIEST

MESSY MESSIER THAN THE MESSIEST

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ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

3 … consonant + vowel (double the last consonant) + ER … consonant + vowel


one syllable THAN (double the last
ending in consonant)
Consonant + THE … EST
vowel

HOT HOTTER THAN THE HOTTEST

THIN THINNER THAN THE THINNEST

BIG BIGGER THAN THE BIGGEST

4 (… with two or more syllables) MORE/ LESS … THAN (… with two or more
two or more syllables)
syllables THE MOST / THE LEAST

EVIL MORE EVIL THAN / LESS EVIL THAN THE MOST EVIL
THE LEAST EVIL

CROWDED MORE CROWDED THAN / LESS CROWDED THAN THE MOST CROWDED
THE LEAST CROWDED

FAMOUS MORE FAMOUS THAN / LESS FAMOUS THAN THE MOST FAMOUS
THE LEAST FAMOUS

PERFECT MORE PERFECT THAN / LESS PERFECT THAN THE MOST PERFECT
THE LEAST PERFECT

MAGICAL MORE MAGICAL THAN / LESS MAGICAL THAN THE MOST MAGICAL
THE LEAST MAGICAL

DIFFERENT MORE DIFFERENT THAN / LESS DIFFERENT THAN THE MOST DIFFERENT
THE LEAST DIFFERENT

TROPICAL MORE TROPICAL THAN /LESS TROPICAL THAN THE MOST TROPICAL
THE LEAST TROPICAL

DIFFICULT MORE DIFFICULT THAN / LESS DIFFICULT THAN THE MOST DIFFICULT
THE LEAST DIFFICULT

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

GOOD BETTER THAN THE BEST

BAD WORSE THAN THE WORST

FAR FARTHER THAN THE FARTHEST

MUCH MORE THAN THE MOST

MANY MORE THAN THE MOST

LITTLE LESS THAN THE LEAST

COMPARATIVES USING AS … AS

(NOT) AS BIG AS

(NOT) AS SMALL AS

ii. Write COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE in the sentences from exercise 10.

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13 GRAMMAR
i. Complete these sentences using COMPARATIVES or SUPERLATIVES.
a. In the south, it’s hot and dry, but the climate is ______________ (cool) in the
mountains _______________ in the coast.
b. The island’s ____________________ (famous) animals are the lemurs.
c. Great Britain is _________________________ (crowded) many other European cities.
d. The north of England is hilly, while the south and east are _______________ (flat).
e. Greenland is ____________________ (big) island in the world.
f. Madagascar is __________________________(fourth large) island in the world.

14 GRAMMAR
i. Complete these sentences using LESS or THE LEAST.
a. The center is __________ warm than the coast.
b. Greenland is __________ green than Great Britain.
c. Scotland is ______________ flat part of Great Britain.
d. In Bora Bora, the main land is ______________ important part of the island.

15 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. What is the most beautiful part of your country?
b. What is the least important city in your country?
c. What is the safest neighborhood in your city?
d. What is the most exciting neighborhood in your city?
e. Which is more interesting, the coast or the mountains? Why?
f. Which is more romantic, a trip by boat or by ballon? Why?
g. Which is bigger, Great Britain or Greenland?
h. What is the most impressive place in the world?
i. What is the most expensive destination in your country?
j. What is the most popular country in the world?

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16 VOCABULARY
i. Check new vocabulary, then circle the animals that live in your country.
RED DEER / ELEPHANT / GIRAFFE / GORILLA / HEDGEHOG / LION /
LEOPARD / MONKEY / PANDA / RABBIT / HARE / SQUIRREL / TIGER /
FOX / BAT / OTTER / DOVE / PIGEON / DUCK / GOOSE / SWAN / HERON /
OWL / ANT / BEE / BUTTERFLY / FLY / MOTH / MOSQUITO / SPIDER / FROG /
SNAKE / CRAB / LOBSTER / OYSTER / SNAIL / DOG / CAT / HORSE / GOAT /
SHEEP / CHICKEN / CANARY / PARROT / ALLIGATOR / DOLPHIN / WHALE

17 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Which of these animals have you already seen personally?
b. Which of these animals are you afraid of?
c. Which of these animals can be considered pets?
d. Which of these animals are in danger of extinction?
e. What problems can animals face in new environments?
f. What kind of destruction can animals cause to the environment?

18 READING
i. Read this text and answer: What are the animal invaders mentioned in this text?
ANIMAL INVADERS
Imagine you run a small food shop in your local neighborhood. Suddenly, a giant
supermarket opens for business opposite your shop. What happens to you and your
business?
In the natural world, things are often the same. The red squirrel was living happily in
England when, in the 1880s, many people brought grey squirrels from North America as
pets. Since then, these pets have escaped into the wild. They now eat the same food as
the red squirrels, and they eat it more quickly. Consequently, now there aren’t many
native squirrels in England and they are in danger of extinction.
There are many invaders that don’t cause extinctions, but they destroy plants and harm
the economy. For example, European red deers are destroying the forest in South
America because they eat the young trees. Rabbits have spread from Europe and now
eat farmers’ crops all over the world. These kind of invaders are causing problems to
humans and damaging the economy.

Page 144
DICTIONARY 

run: manage, have natural world: environment, forest
food shop: supermarket harm the economy: cause financial
problems
suddenly: without previous notice
spread: distribute, disseminate
opposite: on the other side of the street
crops: plantations


ii. Read this text again and answer these questions.


a. Where is the grey squirrel originally from?
b. When did the grey squirrels arrive in England?
c. Why are the grey squirrels causing the extinction of the red squirrel?
d. How are red deers and rabbits destroying the forest?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

19 GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY


i. Check new vocabulary and write NOUN or VERB.
Grey squirrels can’t damage the economy.
Grey squirrels can’t cause damage to the economy.

People prefer to shop at big super markets.


There is a new shop on main street.

Red deers can harm the forest.


Red deers are causing harm to the forest.

What is the cause of the red squirrel extinction?


What can cause the red squirrel extinction?

The read deers prefer to eat young plants.


There is a local resident who plants new trees to reforest the area.
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20 GRAMMAR
COUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted. Most nouns in English are countable.
Examples:
• I have two dogs.
• Sandra has three cars.
• Jessie has ten dollars.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted. This is because the way English speakers think
of these nouns. We often imagine these nouns as a single concept or one big thing
which cannot be divided. Many of these words are countable in other languages, but
they ARE NOT countable in English. Generally, uncountable nouns do not have plural
forms, however some of these words end in “S". Don't get confused!
Examples:
• Mack drinks a lot of water.
• Cindy gives great advice.
• Paul enjoys politics. (It ends with "S" but politics is uncountable.)
• I have news. (It ends with “S” but news is uncountable)

→ Uncountable nouns tend to belong to one of the following categories:

Liquids and Gases Subjects


• water • French
• coffee • chemistry
• milk • economics
• air • science
• oxygen • math
Solid and Granular Substances Grouped Concepts
• wood • fruit
• metal • money
• cheese • food
• sand • vocabulary
• rice • news
Energy Words and Forces Information and Abstract Concepts
• electricity • information
• sunshine • advice
• radiation • education
• heat • democracy
• magnetism • intelligence


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UNCOUNTABLE PLURALS
Sometimes in English, we do use uncountable nouns in plural forms. This is common
with liquids and substances. It usually means “cups, bottles or types of”.
Examples:
• We'll have two coffees. (Cups of coffee)
• I bought three waters. (Bottles of water)
• The company produces two wines. (Types of wine)

DIFFERENT MEANINGS
There are certain words which have multiple meanings. It is possible for one meaning to
be countable and the other meaning to be uncountable.
Examples:
• I couldn't see anything because there was no light. (Uncountable noun)
• The Christmas tree was covered with hundreds of lights. (Countable noun)

Generally, the rules are still the same. The first use of "light" is a form of energy.
The second use of "light" means "small light bulbs", which are normal countable objects.

21 GRAMMAR
i. Write COUNTABLE or UNCOUNTABLE or BOTH in front of these words. 

1. honey 11. gravity 21. news

2. table 12. dollar 22. water

3. advice 13. vanilla 23. coffee

4. wallet 14. information 24. love

5. health 15. wheat 25. book

6. luggage 16. air 26. pasta

7. computer 17. money 27. house

8. salt 18. anger 28. bread

9. strength 19. tea 29. student

10. English 20. plant 30. beer


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22 GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS → are used to describe the quantity of nouns.
There are quantifiers for countable and uncountable nouns.

QUANTIFIERS FOR QUANTIFIERS FOR


COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

MANY MUCH

A LOT OF A LOT OF

SOME SOME

ANY ANY
(only for questions) (only for questions)

NOT ANY NOT ANY


(only for negative) (only for negative)

A FEW A LITTLE

FEW A LITTLE

NO NO

23 GRAMMAR
i. Complete these sentences with the correct QUANTIFIERS.
a. There are ____________________ forests in the world.
b. There are ____________________ panda bears alive today.
c. There are ____________________ giraffes in Africa.
d. There are ____________________ mountains in Peru.
e. There are ____________________ dolphins in the ocean.
f. There are ____________________ wines in that specialized shop.
g. There is ____________________ wine in my glass.
h. There is ____________________ crime in Moscow.
i. There is ____________________ green in Egypt.
j. There is ____________________ money in my wallet.
k. There is ____________________ love in my heart.
l. There is ____________________ freedom in the US.

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24 READING
i. Read this website page and answer: What is this organization’s main activity?

ANIMALS ONLINE
Keeping the World Alive
Welcome to Animal Aid International
We work to save animals that are suffering, usually because of humans.
________________________________________________________________________________
Our areas of activity
• ANIMAL RESCUE:
We have teams of trained rescue workers in countries all over the world.
• ANIMAL HOSPITALS:
In Africa, we have five animals hospitals with experienced vets and medical equipment.
• ANIMAL HUNTING:
We support the police in their fight against the illegal hunting of wild animals.
• ANIMAL SANCTUARIES:
We provide safe places for animals to live, for a long or short period of time.
• ANIMAL CAPTIVITY:
Many zoos keep animals in awful conditions. We campaign to improve animal welfare.

DICTIONARY 

aid: help captivity: imprisonment
vets: veterinarians awful: terrible
hunting: chase and kill an animal for campaign: work in an organized way
sport welfare: health and happiness

sanctuary: safe place

ii. Match these problems with the respective areas of activity from the website.
a. killing animals illegally
b. special accommodation for animals
c. caring for ill animals
d. animals that are not free
e. saving animals from danger
Page 149
25 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Have you ever seen animals being mistreated? What did you do?
b. Why do you think some people mistreat animals?
c. In your opinion, what should be the punishment for people who mistreat animals?
d. Should people protect animals? How?
e. How should the government protect wild animals?

26 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.32 and answer: What are they doing?

27 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.32 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. Kate is having fun at the animal sanctuary.
b. There is an excellent internet connection where Kate is.
c. Neil has two photos of whale rescues and three of bird rescues.
d. In the first picture there are four whales that are close to the beach.
e. In the second picture we can see the large tail of a whale.

28 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.33 and answer: Which picture does Neil recommend they use?

29 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.33 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. The first picture is on the beach and there is a woman in the water.
b. The second picture shows some people who are eating a bird.
c. In the first picture the men are rescuing the bird from oily water.
d. Neil recommends they use the bird rescue picture.
e. There is a monkey that is waiting to meet Neil.

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30 READING
i. Read the transcripts of tracks 1.32 and 1.33 to check your answer and new
vocabulary, then read it aloud.

31 TRANSCRIPT - Track 1.32


Katie, Neil
K: Hi Neil. Thanks for calling. Can you hear me?
N: Yes, I can. Loud and clear. How’s it going over there? Having fun at the animal
sanctuary?
K: Sure am, but it’s hard work. But everyone’s looking after me, and it is great to see the
work in action. Anyway, you want to talk about the photos? I’m sorry there’s no internet
connection here.
N: That’s OK! Yeah, basically, I need to choose the pictures now, and I wanted to discuss
my ideas with you first.
K: Fine! Fire away. Which section are you talking about?
N: Well, it’s the home page link to the animal rescue page. Basically, I’ve got two photos
of whale rescues and two of bird rescues.
K: OK.
N: So, first of all the whale rescue photos. In the first one, there are four whales that are
close to the beach. Two men are pulling one of the whales off the beach, and there are
loads of people in the background who are watching the rescue.
K: Fine, and the second one?
N: Well, in that one, on the left of the picture, we can see the large head of a whale. On
the right, there are two people who are throwing water on the whale. I guess they’re
trying to keep it alive. It’s a very unusual picture, the whale’s head is massive. But, well, I
think the first picture is the best one for the website because it shows a team of people
that are working together. They look very professional and it’s also more dramatic.
K: It certainly sounds good. What about the bird rescue pictures?

DICTIONARY 

loud and clear: hear very well loads of: many
how’s it going over there?: how are background: scenery behind the main
you? object, scene
looking after: taking care, helping, unusual: different, not common
giving what is necessary massive: very big, huge

fire way: speak, say what you need

Page 151
32 TRANSCRIPT - Track 1.33
Katie, Neil
K: What about the bird rescue pictures?
N: Sure! The first one is on the beach, and there’s a man in the water. He’s passing a bird
to someone who’s standing on the beach. The second one shows some people who are
cleaning a bird. On the right, there’s a woman in a blue shirt who’s holding the bird. So
the bird is in the middle of the picture. Then, there’s another woman on the left who’s
cleaning a bird. She’s wearing a yellow coat.
K: OK, so in the first one, are the men rescuing the bird from oily water?
N: Uh-huh. And I like that picture, I think it really makes you feel the terrible situation.
K: Yes, I guess so, although it’s hard for me to say without seeing it. What’s good about
the second one?
N: Well, it shows the work that our experts do, but it’s not a very interesting picture.
Overall, I recommend that we use the whale rescue picture.
K: The one of the team working together?
N: Uh-huh.
K: Well, that sounds OK. Go ahead with that for the moment. We could change it quite
easily in the future, couldn’t we?
N: Well, we could, but I need to get something up on the site today.
K: Sure, I understand. Use the whale one* and when I get back to the office I’ll let you
know if there’s a problem.
N: OK! You’re the boss. I think you will like this one anyway.
K: I’m sure I will. Your choices are usually spot on. Anyway, gotta go now, there’s a
monkey that’s waiting to meet me.
N: Lucky monkey. Say hello from me! Bye for now!
K: Bye.

DICTIONARY 

coat: jacket get something up: upload
I guess so: I think so one: *here it substitutes the word picture
although: but, however get back: return
experts: specialists let you know: inform you
that sounds OK: I think it is good spot on: exactly right
go ahead: you have permission to do it, gotta go: need to go

continue with the plan, proceed
Page 152
33 LISTENING & SPEAKING
i. Listen to tracks 1.32 and 1.33 again and say what you remember from them.

34 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. In your opinion, which of the pictures described by Neil is the best one for the
website? Why?
b. Have you ever seen a whale or a dolphin personally? How was it?
c. Are there animals in danger of extinction in your country? Which ones?
d. Would you volunteer to help save the environment?
e. How do you think people should help protect the environment?
f. What is your opinion about recycling?
g. Do you think global warming is a real problem? Why?
h. In your opinion, what is the worst environmental problem? Why?
i. What can people do about it?

35 VOCABULARY
i. Underline the sentences from the text in exercise 31 and 32 that Neil uses to
describe the pictures.

ii. Write if the sentences that Neil used to describe the pictures are in PRESENT
SIMPLE or PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

36 VOCABULARY
i. Check these expressions that are used to describe pictures.
a. In this picture we can see…
b. On the right (of this picture) we can see …
c. On the left (of this picture) there is ….
d. In the middle (of this picture) there are …
e. At the top (of the picture) we can see …
f. At the bottom (of the picture) we can see …

Page 153
37 SPEAKING
i.Choose some pictures on the internet or on your cellphone and describe them
using the expressions from exercises 34 and 35.

38 VOCABULARY
i.Look at these expressions of time. Check their meanings and then read them
aloud.
a. I’ve got all the time in the world.
b. There aren’t enough hours in the day.
c. Time is running out.
d. I’ve got time on my hands.
e. Time is on my side.
f. It’s a race against time.
g. Time flies.
h. Bad news: Time flies. Good news: You’re the pilot!

ii. Write GOOD TIME MANAGEMENT or BAD TIME MANAGEMENT according to the
idea of managing time.
iii. Which sentence from best describe your attitude to time? Why?

39 SPEAKING
i.Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. How much time per day do you spend sleeping?
b. How much time per day do you spend commuting?
c. How much time per day do you spend working?
d. How much time per week do you spend studying?
e. What is your technique to study?
f. How much time per week do you spend with your friends and relatives?
g. How much time per month do you spend doing entertainment activities?
h. Do you think that you manage your time well? Why?
i. If you had more hours in your day, what would you do?
j. What is your favorite activity in your day? Why?

Page 154
40 VOCABULARY
i. Look at these expressions used to give advice.
• You should …
• You shouldn’t …
• It is a good idea to …
• It is advisable to …
• Why don’t you …
• You could …

41 SPEAKING
i.Check new vocabulary, then use the expressions from exercise 40 + your own
ideas to offer advice for these problems.
a. I’m often late for appointments or sometimes I miss my appointments completely.
b. I spend lot of time commuting and feel that my day is really short.
c. I spend a lot of time looking for my notes. I can never find anything.
d. I sometimes study for a long time, but I don’t feel I’m learning anything.
e. It’s difficult for me to finish the things that I start.
f. I would like to be more organized. My desk is a mess!
g. I am sad because I don’t have enough time to spend with my friends and relatives.

42 LISTENING
i.Listen to some students and their tutor on track 1.37 talking about the problems
from exercise 41 and tick the problems from exercise 40 that they talk about.

43 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.37 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. It is a good idea to keep a diary that shows all your appointments and classes.
b. Check your diary once a week.
c. Organize your files using color codes and labels.
d. It is a good idea to study for a long period of time without a break.
e. Decide what you need to do now and what you can leave until tomorrow.

Page 155
44 READING
i.Read the transcript of track 1.37 to check your answers and new vocabulary, then
read it aloud.

45 TRANSCRIPT - TRACK 1.37 - TUTOR, STUDENTS


T: Yes, That’s a very good point, Nicole. OK, now, let’s have a look at the next problem.
OK, it says here: ‘I’m often late for appointments, or sometimes I miss appointments
completely.’ Would anyone like to say something about this?
S1: Yes, keep a diary which clearly shows all your appointments … and classes.
S2: That’s right, but it’s not enough just to have a diary. We need to make sure we look
at it. Check your diary last thing at night and first thing in the morning.
T: Absolutely! You should also write all the homework you have to do in the diary, not on
pieces of paper that you can lose easily. Good! Now, next problem: ‘I spend a lot of time
looking for my notes. I can never find anything.’
S1: Yeah, I was like that last year. The best thing is to organize your files, using color
codes and labels, so you can find things easily. I don’t have any trouble anymore.
T: Thanks, Riz! So … these things show how important it is to be well-organized. OK, let’s
take another problem. This one says: ‘I sometimes study for a long time, but don’t feel
I’m learning anything. I read the material but nothing is happening, it’s not going in.’
Right! Has anyone got any suggestions? Yes, Tim?
S3: Basically, it isn’t a good idea to study for long periods at a time without a break. It is
better to do a little at a time.
T: That’s right! Be nice to yourselves! When you finish something, an essay, for example,
give yourselves a break, do something for fun: go for a walk, or watch a film. This can
make you work better before and after the break. And another thing, it’s important that
you can concentrate on your studies. You can’t work well when the phone is ringing
every five minutes. Don’t forget too, it’s important to know when you study best. Do you
study best in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening or late at night? Everybody is
different. We need to study at a time that suits us.
S4: Oh, that’s interesting! I’ve never thought of that.
S5: Yeah, maybe some people study at the wrong time of the day for their body clock.
T: OK, let’s take another one … ‘I can’t finish all the things I need to do in the day.’
S1&S4: Prioritize!
S4: Yes, decide what you need to do now, or later today, and what you can leave until
tomorrow, or even next week.
T: Yes, good! Remember too: maybe there are some things that aren’t important at all.
It’s a bad idea to waste time on them. And it’s important to allow time for things you

Page 156
don’t expect, and for emergencies. Perhaps this is the moment to say something about
making lists. You probably make shopping lists of things you need to buy. Make a list of
things you need to do as well. When you reduce all things to one piece of paper, it
doesn’t seem so difficult. When you’ve done the things on your list, cross them off. It’s
nice feeling. However, be realistic! Don’t put a lot of big things on your list when you
know you can’t do them all. So, read one chapter of your textbook, instead of three
chapters. Putting smaller things on your list means that you can achieve them, and this
makes you feel good. All right, what’s the next question …?

DICTIONARY 

appointments: meetings trouble: problem
enough: sufficient it’s not going in: I’m don’t understand
make sure: guarantee, be certain essay: composition, school paper
diary: appointment book, calendar suits us: is good for us
last thing at night: the last thing you do waste: misuse, not use well
before you sleep allow time:reserve time
first thing in the morning: the first thing achieve: perform, execute, attain,
you do when you wake up accomplish, realize, consummate

I was like that: I had the same problem

46 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to tracks 1.37 again and say what you remember from it.

47 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Do you consider yourself a busy person? Why?
b. Would you like to have more free time? What would you do with extra free time?
c. What are your appointments and obligations for this week?
d. Do you sometimes make lists with your appointments?
e. Which do you think is the best advice from the previous listening exercise?
f. What advice would you give a person who does not manage time well?

Page 157
48 VOCABULARY
i. How much time per week do you spend doing these activities?


• sleeping • spending time with family


• personal care • spending time with friends
• eating and drinking • spending time with relatives
• commuting • doing leisure activities
• working • playing sports
• studying • exercising
• using the internet • doing housework
• watching TV • doing other activities:


ii. Divide the number of hours you spend in these activities by 168 to calculate
what percentage of your time you spend with these activities weekly, then read
them aloud.


49 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then answer these questions.
a. Are there volcanos in your country?
b. What do know about volcanos?

50 READING
i. Read this text and answer: What is the most famous volcano in the world?
Volcanos are one of the most impressive features of the natural world. Everybody can
recognize a volcano, but are they all the same? This essay looks at two famous
volcanoes in different countries.
The largest active volcano in the world is Mauna Loa (4,170 m) on Hawaii, in the Pacific
Ocean. The last eruption was in 1984. Its sides slope gently, and this shape of volcano
is less dangerous than other kinds.
Unlike Mauna Loa, Mount Fuji in Japan is a dormant volcano which last erupted in
1707. Mount Fuji (3,776 m) is perhaps the world’s most famous volcano because of its
almost perfect shape, a cone with quite steep sides.
To summarize, Mauna Loa is higher than Mount Fuji but the sides of Mount Fuji are
steeper. Mauna Loa is an active volcano. In contrast, Mount Fuji is dormant. Mauna Loa
last erupted in 1984, whereas the last eruption of Mount Fuji was in 1707. In conclusion,
we can see that these two volcanos have more differences than similarities, but they
both catch our imagination.


Page 158
DICTIONARY 

features: characteristics perhaps: maybe
essay: composition, report, school paper shape: format
active: in activity quite: very
eruption: exposition of lava and magma steep: inclination
slope gently: are a little inclined steeper: more inclined
unlikely: differently from whereas:while, at the same time
dormant: not in activity catch: attract, capture, take, get


ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.


a. How high is Mauna Loa?
b. Where is Mauna Loa?
c. When did Mauna Loa erupt last erupt?
d. Is Mauna Loa an active or dormant volcano?
e. How high is Mount Fuji?
f. Where is Mount Fuji?
g. When did Mount Fuji last erupt?
h. Is Mount Fuji an active or dormant volcano?
i. Why is Mount Fuji so famous?
j. Would you like to visit these two volcanos? Why?

iii. Read the text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

51 WRITING
WHEN WRITING AN ESSAY IS IMPORTANT TO DIVIDE YOUR TEXT IN THREE PARTS:

• INTRODUCTION
• MAIN BODY → sometimes we divide it in two parts to describe different things
• SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

i. Mark the introduction, main body and summary in the text from exercise 49.
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52 WRITING
WHEN WRITING AN ESSAY IS IMPORTANT TO USE LINKING WORDS TO CONNECT
THE IDEAS IN THE TEXT:


• AND • IN CONTRAST
• BUT • ON THE CONTRARY
• HOWEVER • ON THE OTHER HAND
• ALTHOUGH • TO SUMMARIZE
• THOUGH • IN SUMMARY
• WHEREAS • TO CONCLUDE
• WHILE • IN CONCLUSION


i. Mark the linking words that appear in the text from exercise 49.

53 GRAMMAR
i. Look at the differences in punctuation according to the linking words.
1. The River Nile is 6,670 km long. In contrast, the River Thames is only 335 km long.
2. The River Nile is 6,670 km long but the River Thames is only 335 km long.
3. The River Nile is 6,670 km long, whereas the River Thames is only 335 km long.

54 WRITING
i. Write three sentences with these cues using these linking words: IN CONTRAST,
BUT and WHEREAS.

___________________________________________________________________________
a. Mount Everest: 8,848 m high / Ben Nevis :1,343 m high

___________________________________________________________________________
b. Pacific Ocean: 11,022 m deep / North Sea: 310 m deep

___________________________________________________________________________
c. Mount Fuji: 3,776 m high / Mauna Loa: 4,170 m high

Page 160
55 WRITING
i. Write three sentences using the linking words from exercise 51 comparing and
contrasting:

__________________________________________________________________________
a. animals

__________________________________________________________________________
b. cars


__________________________________________________________________________
c. countries

56 GRAMMAR
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

IN: ON:
continents, countries planets
states, cities islands
regions, areas, farms
neighborhoods streets


57 GRAMMAR
i. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition, IN or ON.
a. Madona lives ______ the US.
b. Great Britain is ______ Europe.
c. There are many beautiful beaches ______ Hawaii.
d. Some people believe there is life ______ Mars.
e. I would like to live ______ Beverly Hills.
f. My grandfather lived ______ a farm with many coffee trees, horses and cows.

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58 GRAMMAR
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

IN: AT:
inside a point, specific location
department company


i. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition, IN or AT.


a. Madona is having dinner ______ an expensive restaurant. (specific location)
b. Mike is looking for Jeniffer ______ the restaurant. (inside)
c. Joshua works ______ marketing department.
d. Andrey works ______ Johnson&Johnson.
e. Let’s meet ______ the cinema. (specific location)
f. Maybe I will arrive late. I see you ______ the cinema. (inside)

59 WRITING
i. Use the text from exercise 49 as a model and the tips from exercises 5o and 51
and write an essay about some natural features of your country.

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60 HOMEWORK
i. Complete these sentences with the COMPARATIVE or SUPERLATIVE form of
these adjectives.
a. Samira is _______________ girl in the class. (clever)
b. Paris is _______________ Sydney. (romantic)
c. The Canary Islands are _______________ other places in Spain. (tropical)
d. The _______________ way to see the countryside is to go trekking. (good)
e. The pollution in Bangkok is _______________ in London. (bad)
f. Moscow is _______________ city in the world at the moment. (expensive)

ii. Write comparative or superlative sentences with these cues.


1. Lewis is 175 cm. Kevin is 185 cm. Jason is 166 cm. (tall)

Comparative: _____________________________________________________________

Superlative: _______________________________________________________________

2. Lake Erie is 19 meters. Lake Ontario is 86 meters. Lake Superior is 147 meters. (deep)

Comparative: _____________________________________________________________

Superlative: _______________________________________________________________

3. A Porsche is US$ 35,000. A Hyundai is US$ 18,000. A Smart is US$ 7,000. (expensive)

Comparative: _____________________________________________________________

Superlative: _______________________________________________________________

4. Louis is 80 kilos. Susan is 60 kilos. Mike is 70 kilos. (heavy)

Comparative: _____________________________________________________________

Superlative: _______________________________________________________________

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iii. Choose the correct words to complete these sentences.
a. Many / Much /A lot of animals are in danger of extinction.
b. We don’t have much / many / little hope for these animals.
c. There is few / little / not much snow in this part of the country.
d. We don’t have much / many / a lot of time to save the planet.
e. There is not much / little / few pollution on this island.
f. There are not many / little / few tigers in the world.

iv. Rewrite these sentences using LESS or LEAST keeping the same meaning.
a. Nottingham is more dangerous than Oxford.

_________________________________________________________

b. London is more expensive than New York.

_________________________________________________________

c. All the other lakes are more impressive than this one.

_________________________________________________________

d. Carnac is more mysterious than Stonehenge.

_________________________________________________________

e. The north of France is flatter than the south.

_________________________________________________________

f. All the other Greek Islands are more popular than this one.

_________________________________________________________

g. The Mediterranean is calmer than the Atlantic.

_________________________________________________________

h. All other sports are more exciting than cricket.

_________________________________________________________

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6 SOCIETY
1 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Do you think nowadays people are living longer than before?
b. Why do you think that is?
c. What is the average lifespan of people from your country?
d. At what age can people retire in your country?
e. How do retired people spend their money?
f. What would you like to do after you retire?
g. How long would you like to live? Why?
h. Are families nowadays having more or fewer kids than in the past?
i. Why do think that is?
j. What is your opinion about birth control?
k. What do you think his the ideal size of families?
l. What is your opinion about making friends over the internet?
m. Have you ever become friends with someone over the internet?
n. Do you use the internet to buy food, clothes or other items? Why?
o. Have you changed some your habits in the last 5 years? How so?
p. Have you changed the way you dress in the last 10 years? How so?
q. How do you compare the way people dress nowadays to 20 years ago?
r. Nowadays, many people can work from home. What is your opinion about it?
s. Can you work from home? Why?
t. What is your opinion about the way our society is developing?
u. Do you believe in futurologists?
v. What are your predictions for the future of our society?
w. Are you planning for the future? How so?

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2 READING
i. Read this text and answer: What kind of service does this company offer?

THE INSTITUTE OF FUTURE ANALYSIS


The world and its markets are constantly changing.
Are you planning for the future? Do you know what’s coming next?
Will the elderly be the big spenders of the future?
When will middle-age begin?
When will people retire?
What will tomorrow’s teenagers want to buy?

Our futurologists can help you profit from the future providing:
Information about future trends in society.
Predictions about future consumer needs.
Analysis of your company and its future plans.
Advice for business investors.
Call us now and improve your future opportunities.

DICTIONARY 

constantly: all the time profit: have a financial gain, take
advantage,
what’s coming next: what is going to
happen in the future providing: offering
elderly: old people trends: tendencies, fashions and changes
over time
the big spenders: people who spend a
lot of money predictions: opinions about what will
happen in the future
middle-age: the period between
adulthood and old age consumer needs: products and services
that people need
retire: stop working and start receiving
pension from the government advice: suggestion, recommendation 


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ii. Read the text again and answer these questions.
a. What can futurologists do?
b. What kind of information do they provide?
c. What kind of predictions do they provide?
d. Who can benefit from their advice?

iii. Read this text again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

3 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.38 and answer: Will the future be good for business? Why?

4 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.38 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. The two most important trends are about technology and age.
b. By 2025, more than a quarter of the UK’s population will be over 55 years old.
c. Older people will travel less.
d. Older people want things that make life easier.
e. Older people will definitely not want robots.
f. In general people will order goods and services over the internet.
g. People will live for longer.
h. The middle-aged people of today are happy to use technology.

5 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.38 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

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6 TRANSCRIPT - Track 1.38 - Patrick, Susan
P: Hello, Susan. Good to see you again.
S: Hi Patrick. How are you?
P: I’m fine. Can I get you a drink? Coffee? Tea?
S: Oh, a coffee would be lovely, thanks.
P: Sure, I’ll just ask Bob to do that. Bob, could you get us two coffees, please? So, what
does the future hold for me?
S: Well, hopefully, good business opportunities! I’ve got the full report here, but I’ll go
through the main points first.
P: Fine! Go ahead.
S: Well, I think the two most important trends for you are about technology and age.
P: Age?
S: Yes, basically Britain is getting older. By 2025, more than a third of the UK’s population
will be over 55 years old. And these older people will live for much longer, we know that
from the statistics. They might live until they’re 95, or even a 100.
P: But that definitely won’t be good for business. They won’t have jobs, so I’m sure they
won’t have much money.
S: Oh, it’ll definitely be good for business. First of all, they’ll retire a bit later than now,
but the main point is that these people will definitely need things to do with this extra
time, for sure, and they’ll need things that improve the quality of their lives.
P: OK, any examples?
S: Well, we predict that older people will travel more, so there’ll be more companies
that specialize in holidays for them. At the moment, holiday companies focus on families
and young adults. But, in 2025, there’ll be more elderly people, the over-65s, than under
25s. So, the party and adventure holiday market may get smaller but, for example,
holidays on cruise ships will increase. They may also want activity holidays, but that'll
depend on their health and on how demanding the activities are, they probably won’t
go bungee-jumping, but they might go hiking and sailing.
P: OK, erm…, what about daily life?
S: Well, this connects to the other trend I mentioned, technology.
P: You mean the internet?
S: Yes, indeed, and not only that, but also robots!
P: Robots?
S: Exactly! Older people want things that make life easier. In the future, they might have
a robot that cleans the house, they might have a robot that drives the car, they might
have a robot that does the gardening.
P: You say might, rather than will. Why’s that?
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S: Well, we can’t be definite about this because it all depends on the technology. At
the moment, robots are very basic.
P: Yes, I think there’s a robot vacuum cleaner and that’s about it. Oh, and robot pets.
S: Exactly, so the technology needs to improve. Perhaps it will, perhaps it won’t. But,
older people will definitely want robots.
P: Mmm, that’s interesting! I guess the internet will be important.
S: Of course, or something like it. And this is the other possible area for investment. In
general people will order goods and services over the internet, and they’ll meet people
over the internet. In the future, people might have more cyber friends than real friends.
So, for example, we think that there’ll be many companies that’ll offer internet dating
services for elderly people.
P: Internet dating? For the elderly?
S: Oh yes! Love is important, however old you are. People will definitely live for longer,
and they’ll have more relationships in their later years. Older people will get divorced
more often, and they’ll probably meet new partners online, or perhaps on their cruise
holidays.
P: Really?
S: Why not? You’re 60 years old, your children are adults, you have 40 more years to live,
a new life will be just a click away.
P: Interesting! So, basically, I should look for companies that provide goods and
services for the elderly.
S: Exactly, especially those businesses that are planning to use technology in some way.
The middle-aged people of today are happy to use technology, and they’ll be even
happier to use it in twenty years’ time.
P: Well, that’s all very interesting! Now, where have those coffees got to? Perhaps I
need a coffee robot!

DICTIONARY 

could you get us: can you bring improve: get better
what does the future hold for me: what predict: imagine what will happen in
will happen in the future future
go through the main points: tell you the go hiking: walk a long distance specially
most important information for pleasure or sport
go ahead:OK, start talking sailing: traveling by sail boat
trends: tendencies for the future mentioned: informed
retire: stop working and start receiving indeed: in fact
pension from the government does the gardening: takes care of plants
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rather than: instead of just a click away: online
we can’t be definite: we can’t guarantee provide goods: offer products
guess: think, predict, imagine middle-aged: people between 50 and
60 years old
something like it: something similar
where have those coffee got to: where
order goods: buy products
is the coffee
over: on

cyber friends: friends from the internet

7 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.38 again and say what you remember from it.

8 VOCABULARY
i. Check new vocabulary, then write these individuals’ respective age groups.
a newly born → is between 1 and 30 days of age
a baby
a toddler
a child
a teenager *
an adolescent *
a young adult
a thirty-something
a middle-aged person
an elderly person
a retired person

9 SPEAKING
i. Look at the words from exercise 8 and answer:
a. What is life like for them? What are their needs and desires?
b. In your opinion, what is the best age group? Why?

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10 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.39 and complete these sentences.
a. These older people ____________ live for much longer, we know that from statistics.
b. They ____________ live until they’re 95, or even 100.
c. That definitely ____________ be good for business.
d. I’m sure they ____________ have much money.
e. These people ____________ definitely need things to do with this extra time, for sure.
f. They ____________ also want activity holidays but that’ll depend on their health.
g. They probably ______________ go bungee-jumping.

11 GRAMMAR

PREDICTIONS
WILL
We use WILL for predictions when you are almost 100% sure that something will happen
Example:
I will go to work next Monday.

→ We can add some adverbs to show our level of certainty:


Example:
We will definitely use electric cars in the future. (very certain)
We will certainly have smaller families. (very certain)
We will probably use biological fuel. (less certain)
We will perhaps still need to use petrol. (less certain)

→ We can use WILL in the contracted form:


Example:
We’ll definitely use solar powered phones.

→ We can also use WILL in the negative form:


Example:
We definitely will not use diesel cars anymore. (won’t)

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→ We use MAY and MIGHT when we are a less certain about the future.
They may sell cars at the supermarkets. (prediction)
Cars might cost much cheaper. (prediction)

11 VOCABULARY
i. Check new vocabulary, then use choose the best option to complete these
sentences.
a. More / Fewer people will work abroad.
b. People will definitely / may spend more time on the internet.
c. More / Fewer people will probably live alone.
d. Most people will / won't retire before they are 55 years old.
e. The differences between rich and poor people will probably be greater / smaller.
f. People will have more / less free time.

12 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then use WILL, MAY or MIGHT to ask and answer these
questions.
a. Do you think cars will be cheaper?
b. What kind of fuel will cars use?
c. What kind of things will people buy?
d. Will people have more or less free time?
e. How will people spend their free time?
f. How big will families be?
g. Will people work from home?
h. Do you think the differences among people will be greater or smaller?
i. Will life be happier?

Page 172
13 WRITING & SPEAKING
i. Write an essay talking about your predictions for the future using WILL, MAY and
MIGHT. Then give a presentation about it.

Page 173
14 VOCABULARY
i. Match these words with their meanings.

Male Female NEUTRAL

GREAT-GRANDFATHER GREAT-GRANDMOTHER GREAT-GRANDPARENTS

GRANDFATHER GRANDMOTHER GRANDPARENTS

FATHER MOTHER PARENTS

SON DAUGHTER CHILDREN / KIDS

GRANDSON GRANDDAUGHTER GRANDCHILDREN /


GRANDKIDS

BROTHER SISTER SIBLINGS

UNCLE AUNT RELATIVES

NEPHEW NIECE RELATIVES

COUSIN COUSIN COUSINS

HUSBAND WIFE SPOUSE

FATHER-IN-LAW MOTHER-IN-LAW PARENTS-IN-LAW

SON-IN-LAW DAUGHTER-IN-LAW CHILDREN-IN-LAW

BROTHER-IN-LAW SISTER-IN-LAW SIBLINGS-IN-LAW

STEP-FATHER STEP-DAUGHTER STEP-PARENT

STEP-SON STEP-DAUGHTER STEP-CHILDREN /


STEP-KIDS

HALF-BROTHER HALF-SISTER HALF-SIBLINGS

GODFATHER GODMOTHER GODPARENTS

GODSON GODDAUGHTER GODCHILDREN /


GOD-KIDS

DEFINITIONS

1. the parents of your grandparents 9. people who have the same parents

2. People who give birth to a child 10. one’s parents’ parents

3. the siblings of one’s parents 11. one’s stepparent’s children

4. someone who batizes someone in church 12. a boy and a girl descendant of their parents

5. one’s uncle’s or aunt’s children 13. one’s spouse’s parents

6. a person someone is married to 14. one’s children’s spouse

7. one’s siblings’ children 15. one’s spouse's siblings

8. one’s parents new spouses 16. one’s spouse’s previous children

17. someone baptized by someone in church 18. one’s children’s children

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15 VOCABULARY
FAMILY (if you are single) = your parents and siblings
FAMILY (if you are married) = your spouse and children
INTERMEDIATE FAMILY = your parents, siblings and children
RELATIVES = other member of your great family (uncles, aunts, cousins, parents-in-law)

16 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Do you have children?
b. Would you like to have (more) children?
c. Is it expensive to raise a child in your country?
d. In your opinion, what is the ideal size of a family?
e. How big are families in your country?
f. How big is your family?
g. How many people are there in your intermediate family?
h. How important is your family for you?
i. How often do you meet your relatives?
j. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a big family?
k. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being the only child?
l. In your country, do fathers help mothers take care of children?
m. How many days of maternity leave do mothers who work have?
n. How many days of paternity leave do fathers who work have?
o. In your opinion, what should be the ideal period for the maternity and paternity
leaves?
p. Do you think the government should motivate people to have more or fewer
children? Why?

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17 READING
i. Read this article text and answer: How big are German families?
GERMANY: WHAT FUTURE FOR THE FAMILY?
New figures showed yesterday that Germany has the highest percentage of childless
women in the world. 30% of German women have not had children, and this figure rises
to 40% among female graduates. Germany’s Family Minister, Ursula von der Leyen, said
that if the birth rate does not go up, Germany will die.
Germany’s birth rate is one of the lowest in Europe, with 1.75 in Sweden and 1.74 in the
UK. German mothers are also the oldest, with an average age of thirty when they have
their first child, and most parents choose to have only one child.
According to Professor Norbert Schneider of Mainz University, the reasons for
Germany’s low birth rate include poor childcare, a school day that ends at 1 p.m., and
old fashioned attitudes among employers.
In addition, many German women are already in their mid-thirties when they finish
university and get a good job.
Ms von der Leyen, a mother of seven, says that another difficulty is that some women
cannot find a suitable man, ‘Uncertain’ men (who are unsure about becoming fathers)
are also responsible for the low birth rate, she claims.
The minister has developed a plan to encourage people to have more children.
First of all, if parents need private childcare, they will get help from the government, by
paying less tax.
Secondly, families will get up to 1,800 euros a month from the government if men stay at
home for two months after the birth of a new child.
But some men, even in the minister’s own political party, are unhappy with this last idea.
Professor Schneider says that in Germany it is acceptable for women to take time off to
have children. However, if a man takes time off work to look after a new child, his
career will be over.
The typical family picture is very much alive in Germany, he said. Women look after the
children while men go out to work.

Page 176
DICTIONARY 

figures: numbers, results mid-thirties: around 35 years of age
childless: without children mother of seven: she has seven children
rises: increases, grows, go up suitable man: a good man to get
married
among:between three or more
uncertain: not decided, not ideal, wrong
graduates: with university diplomas
unsure: don’t know well
birth rate: the number of children who
are born claims: declares, affirms
go up: increase, grow, rise developed: created, prepared
die: stop existing encourage: motivate, stimulate, give
support
average: median, standard, common
number get: receive
according to: in the opinion of tax: money paid to government
reasons: motives, intentions, justifications party: group, team
childcare: the service of taking care of take time off: stay at home not working
children, babysitter however: but
old fashioned: not modern look after: take care, assist, help
employers: people or companies that over: finished
pay people to work for them
while: at the same time

in addition: additional, besides

18 READING
i. Read this article again text and answer these questions.
b. What will happen if the Germany’s birth rate doesn’t go up?
c. What is the average age of German mothers when they have their first child?
d. How many children do most German parents choose to have?
e. How old are German women when they finish university and get a job?
f. How much money will families get if fathers stay at home after the birth of a child?

19 READING
i. Read this article again to check new vocabulary, then read it aloud and say what
you remember from it.

Page 177
20 VOCABULARY
→The prefix UN and the suffix LESS mean NOT.
i. Add the prefix UN or the suffix LESS to form opposite adjectives.
a. care
b. comfortable
c. hope
d. kind
e. lucky
f. use
g. usual

21 VOCABULARY
i. Match the opposite adjectives from exercise 20 with their meanings.
a. different, not common
b. not fortunate, not favored by destiny
c. without use, futile, ineffective
d. inattentive, negligent, irresponsible
e. rude, impolite, unpleasant, insensitive
f. desperate, pessimistic, demoralized, beyond repair
g. painful, intolerable, nervous, anxious

22 VOCABULARY
→The suffix FULL means A LOT or VERY.
i. Match these adjectives with their meanings. 

a. careful 1. paying a lot of attention, avoiding
danger, very cautious
b. hopeful
2. expecting good things in the future,
c. useful
feeling optimistic, inspired
3. practical, functional, convenient

Page 178
23 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. When do you feel uncomfortable?
b. Have you ever stayed in an uncomfortable hotel or inn?
c. Do you have friends who are careless?
d. Are you careful? Why?
e. Why do you think some people are unkind?
f. What makes you feel useful?
g. Do you usually feel hopeful or hopeless? Why?
h. Do you consider yourself lucky or unlucky? Why?

24 GRAMMAR
0 CONDITIONAL or HABITUAL CONDITIONAL

IF SUBJECT VERB IN THE COMPLEMENT COMMA SUBJECT VERB IN THE COMPLEMENT


PRESENT PRESENT

IF IT IS SUNDAY I WAKE UP LATE


,
IF YOU STUDY MORE , YOU LEARN MORE

IF JOHN TRAVELS HE BUYS SOUVENIRS


,
IF WE MEET WE TALK IN ENGLISH
,

25 GRAMMAR
i. Complete these sentences so they are true to you.
a. If it is Saturday, …
b. If I travel, …
c. If I stay home, …
d. If I go to the mall, …
e. If my friends call me at midnight, …
f. If I am at work, …
g. If I receive an important email, …

Page 179
26 GRAMMAR
1st CONDITIONAL or REAL CONDITIONAL

IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

IF SUBJECT VERB IN THE COMPLEMENT COMMA SUBJECT WILL + VERB COMPLEMENT


PRESENT

IF THEY HAVE MONEY THEY WILL TRAVEL TO MIAMI


,
IF YOU STUDY MORE , YOU WILL PASS THE TEST

IF JOHN TRAVELS NEXT VACATION HE WILL VISIT GERMANY


,
IF WE GO OUT NEXT FRIDAY WE WILL DRINK CHAMPAGNE
,

→ WE CAN INVERT THE ORDER OF THE CLAUSES IN THE


SENTENCES:
Examples:
They will travel to Miami if they have the money. (the comma is not necessary)
You will pass the test if you study more. (the comma is not necessary)

→ WE CAN ALSO USE CONDITIONALS IN THE NEGATIVE AND


INTERROGATIVE FORMS:
Examples:
If German’s birth rate does not go up, Germany will die.
What will happen if Germany’s birth rate doesn’t go up?

27 GRAMMAR
i. Complete these sentences so they are true to you.
a. If win the lottery, …
b. If I get a promotion, …
c. If I meet a famous Hollywood star,…
d. If I become fluent in English, …
e. If I receive an extensive present on my birthday, …
f. If I become famous, …
g. If I need to move to a new country, …

Page 180
28 GRAMMAR
i. Match these columns to make complete sentences.
IF CLAUSE
a. If the fathers stay at home for two months, …
b. If parents need private childcare, …
c. If the birth rate doesn’t go up, …

MAIN CLAUSE
1. …they will get help from the government.
2. …Germany will have a serious problem.
3. … families will get 1,800 euros a month.

29 GRAMMAR
i. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb.
IF CLAUSE

IF CLAUSE COMMA MAIN CLAUSE

If I ___________ (see) my boss , I __________________ (tell) him the news.

If you ___________ (get) a promotion , we ________________ (celebrate) it.

If he ___________ (pass) the test , his parents __________________ (give) him a


car.

If she ___________ (get) married this year , she _______________ (live) with her parents
until her house is ready.

If they __________ (not hurry up) , they _______________ (be) late for the meeting.

If we ___________ (not go) to the cinema , we ________________ (watch) a movie at home.

If Jessica ___________ (not wash) the , her friends ________________ (complain)


dishes

→ WE CAN USE ‘MIGHT’ INSTEAD OF ‘WILL’ IN THE MAIN CLAUSE


IF WE ARE LESS SURE ABOUT THE RESULT:
Examples:
If the birth rate doesn’t go up. Germany might die. (less sure)
If the birth rate doesn’t go up. Germany will die. (more sure)

Page 181
30 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.40 and answer: What does Shane want to do?

31 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.40 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. Shane is thing about working in the United States.
b. Shane and Evelyn are siblings.
c. Shane will persuade his mum and dad.
d. Shane will get some help from a private tutor.
e. Shane seems very anxious.

32 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.40 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

33 TRANSCRIPT - track 1.40 - Shane, Evelyn


S: You know, Evelyn, I’m thinking about doing a course in the United States.
E: What? You want to study in America?
S: Yeah, I think it’ll help my career.
E: What kind of course?
S: International Business.
E: Oh, well … what’ll you do if mum and dad don’t like the idea?
S: Oh, it’s OK. I’ll persuade them.
E: Really? I don’t think dad will like the idea.
S: Oh, he’ll be OK about it. You wait and see.
E: I hope you’re right. And what’ll you do if the course is really difficult?
S: Easy. I’ll get some help from my teachers and other students.
E: You seem very confident. What’ll you do if you don’t like the other students?
S: I’m sure I’ll find a nice American girl!
E: Oh really! Shane, I don’t think is a god idea, you know. There are lots of good courses
here in Australia …

Page 182
DICTIONARY 

doing a course: studying hope: expect, hope
career: professional life right: correct
kind: type get: ask for
mum and dad: mother and father seem: look, appear, give the impression
persuade: convince confident: optimistic, certain, positive


34 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.40 again and say what you remember from it.

35 PRONUNCIATION
i. Listen to your teacher read these sentences and repeat.
a. If you want to go, I will help you.
b. If you wanna go, I’ll help you.
c. If he get to go to the beach, I will meet him there.
d. If he gotta go to the beach, I’ll meet him there.
e. If they give me a new chance, I will do my best.
f. If they gimme a new chance, I’ll do my best.
g. If you let me see the results, I will be really happy.
h. If you lemme see the results, I’ll be really happy.

36 PRONUNCIATION
i. Listen to your teacher read these sentences and repeat.
a. I am going to go to the beach.
b. I’m gonna go to the beach.
c. He is a kind of nice boy.
d. He’s kinda nice.
e. It is fun, isn’t it?
f. It’s fun, init?

Page 183
37 VOCABULARY
i. Listen to your teacher read these sentences and repeat. Then offer your teacher
the things in the box using the expression you learned.

wine pasta water cookie tea piece of cake something else

a. Would you like some beer?


b. Do you want some beer?
c. Do you wanna a beer?
d. D’ya wanna beer?
e. Wanna beer?

38 PRONUNCIATION
i. Listen to your teacher read these sentences and repeat.
a. I am going to go to the beach.
b. I’m gonna go to the beach.
c. He is a kind of nice boy.
d. He’s kinda nice.
e. It is fun, isn’t it?
f. It’s fun, init?

39 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Who does the cooking in your family?
b. Who does the washing up in your family?
c. Who does the cleaning in your family?
d. Did you help your parents with the house chores when you were a kid?
e. Did both of your parents work when you were a kid?
f. Do you think parents should work or stay at home when their kids are small? Why?
g. Could you stay out late when you were a teenager?
h. How much TV did you watch when you were a kid?
i. Should parents control what kids do with their free time?

Page 184
40 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.42 and answer: What subjects do they discuss?

41 LISTENING
i. Listen to track 1.42 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. Sheila thinks mothers should stay at home with their kids.
b. Gina thinks it is better for the family to have money to buy food and stuff.
c. Brian agrees with Gina.
d. Henry thinks children should watch much TV.
e. Kate thinks TV is part of the modern world.
f. After the ads they will discuss the role of the mother in the family.

42 READING
i. Read the transcript of track 1.42 to check your answers and new vocabulary,
then read it aloud.

43 TRANSCRIPT - track 1.42 - Robert, Sheila, Grace, Brian, Henry, Kate


R: OK, so that’s the expert’s view, let’s see what you, the public, think. Now, what’s your
name?
S: Sheila.
R: OK, Sheila, are you a mother?
S: Yes, I am. I’ve got two young girls.
R: Great, so what do you think?
S: Personally, I think mothers should stay at home. I look after my kids and I think that’s
the best for them and for me.
R: In what way?
S: Well, you know, kids should be with their mother, they need my love and, well, I know
what they like and don’t like. You know, it’s natural.
R: OK, so does anyone disagree? Yes, you, what’s your opinion?
G: Well, I understand her opinion, but sometimes mothers have no choice. They have to
work. Surely it’s better for the family to have money to buy food and stuff. I mean,
what’s the point of staying at home with your kids if you can’t put food on the table?
We’re not all in happy families with two parents, are we?
Page 185
R: Indeed. What do you say to that, Sheila?
S: Well, that’s a good point, but I think some mothers work because they want to, not
because they need to. They prefer to work rather than look after their children, and I
think that’s wrong, I really do.
R: OK, does anyone else has anything to say on this?
B: Erm,… I do, Robert.
R: Yes?
B: I agree with Sheila. I know loads of mothers who work just because they like to have a
job, not because they need to. And that’s a real pity, because they’re missing out on
the best time in their children’s lives. You can work anytime, but your children are only
young once.
R: OK, well, while we’re on the subject of children, let’s look at another question.
Basically, should we limit the amount of TV young kids watch? Are they watching too
much TV these days? What’s your name and what’s your opinion?
H: Hi, I’m Henry and I’m a dad.
R: OK, then Henry, what’s your view?
H: Well, what I think is that they shouldn’t watch any TV.
R: What, none at all?
H: None at all, I never watched TV when I was a kid, and I don’t think my kids need to
watch it now, especially when they’re young.
R: Right, well, I’m sure many people will disagree with you. Let’s see. Yes, madam, yes,
you in the red dress.
K: Well, personally, I completely disagree. TV is part of the modern world, like
computers and phones. We can’t hide TV from our kids. I think it is better if they know
that TV is a normal thing, as normal as having dinner, or whatever.
R: Henry?
H: Well, that’s an interesting idea, but TV is different to phones, and having dinner. The
kids just sit there, like vegetables. It’s not good for them, not good at all.
K: But why not just control how much they watch? You know, have a maximum of two
hours a day or something.
H: Well, I know we won’t agree, but the best control is to sell your TV. If you do that,
they’ll do something else.
S: That’s just silly!
H: You’re the one that’s silly.
R: OK, OK, calm down everyone. Let’s take a break now, and after the ads we’ll look at
the role of the father in the family.

Page 186
DICTIONARY 

I’ve got: I have missing out on: not enjoying
look after: take care, help, give subject: topic
assistance amount: quantity
in what way: how, why view: opinion
disagree: have a different opinion none at all: really nothing
choice: option disagree: have a different opinion
surely: certainly whatever: any other thing
stuff: things, products not good at all: really not good
I mean: what I want to say is… silly: stupid, nonsense
indeed: in fact calm down: control your emotions
rather than: instead of take a break: stop for a moment
loads: many ads: advertisements, commercials
pity: misfortune, disappointment, cruelty role: position


44 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.42 again and say what you remember from it.

45 VOCABULARY
i. Write the expressions from the transcript of track 1.42 used to express opinions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Page 187
46 VOCABULARY
i. Write AGREEMENT, DISAGREEMENT or OPINION in the sentences from exercise
45.

47 LISTENING & SPEAKING


i. Listen to track 1.44 and repeat these sentences paying attention to the
intonation and linked sounds.
a. Well, what I think is that …
b. Well, That’s an interesting idea, but …
c. Well, I understand her opinion, but …

48 SPEAKING
i. Practice agreeing or disagreeing with these ideas using the expressions from
exercise 45.
a. Mothers should stay at home: → I agree with this idea.
b. Some mothers have no choice:
c. The TV teaches children about the world:
d. Children should read book to learn things:
e. Husbands should help raise their kids:
f. Men work too much and don’t have time to help at home:

49 SPEAKING
i. Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions. Use the
expressions from exercise 45 to answer them.
a. Do you think mothers should stay at home to look after their kids?
b. Do you believe some mothers have a choice?
c. In your opinion, how much TV should children watch?
d. Do you think parents should give children pocket money?
e. Do you reckon fathers should stay at home to look after their kids?
f. Do you think parents should pay kids to clean the house?
g. Do you think it’s a good idea for a man to be a house husband?
h. Do you believe teenagers can stay out late without permission?

Page 188
50 WRITING
i. Write an essay to answer this question: In your opinion, what is the perfect
family picture?

51 READING
i. Read the poster below and answer: How many people will win a prize?

UK YOUTH COUNCIL COMPETITION


What makes you proud of your society today?
The UK Youth Council invites people in the UK to write about what makes them proud of
British society today (maximum 200 words).
The top 20 entries will receive a prize of US$ 250 and will appear on the Council’s
website.

DICTIONARY 

youth: adolescence Top: best
council: assembly, administrative group entries: applications, candidates,
contestants
proud: satisfied, pleased, happy, content
prize: reward, compensation, trophy 


Page 189
52 READING
i. Read the competition entry below and answer: ?

WHAT MAKES YOU PROUD OF YOUR SOCIETY TODAY?


What to choose? It is difficult to decide, as I feel proud of many things in my society
today: for example, our education system, our creativity in the arts and our science.
Two things, however, make me especially proud of my society. First, our big cities are
very multicultural, so you see people of many different races, colors and religions all
living and working side by side. I think it is a great example of how people can come
together and create a mixed, peaceful society.
The second thing is less obvious, as it often happens out of sight. It is the fact that every
day of the year, thousands of British people do voluntary work, give up their time to
help others for nothing, help their local hospitals, look after old people and collect
money for good causes.
Because of these things, I feel proud of my society and see a positive future for it.
However, I also want to contribute to it. In my life, many people have helped me, so
now I would like to give something back.
Silvia Huss

DICTIONARY 

races: species, types give up: donate
side by side: near one another for nothing: receiving no money
proud: satisfied, pleased, happy, content look after: take care, help
come together: unite, unify, connect, join contribute: help
out of sight: when nobody sees give something back: return the favor, 

thousands: many

53 READING & SPEAKING


i. Read the poster and the essay again to check new vocabulary, then read them
aloud and say what you remember from them.

Page 190
54 VOCABULARY
i. Write the words that are underlined in the essay and say what explain their
functions.
a.
b.
c.
d.

55 VOCABULARY
i. Use commas and the linker AND to join these sentences.
a. Silvia studies at university. She lives with her parents. She helps in their shop.

b. Her sister studies at school. She likes boy bands. She wants a car.

c. Some people do charity. They work for free. They help many people.

d. Silvia feels proud of her country. She admires her people. She likes o help others.

56 VOCABULARY
i. Complete this text with the LINKERS from exercise 54.
1. There were a very large number of entries (over 3,000) _______________ it took a
long time to read them all.
2. The judge’s task was interesting _______________ the people wrote about a wide
range of topics.
3. The standard of entries was also very high, _______________ it was extremely difficult
to choose the winners.
4. _______________ , after much discussion, the judges agreed on the top 20 entries.
5. The judges were impressed by Silvia Huss’ essay, _______________ of her modern
vision and a feeling for other people.
6. They also like the style of her entry, _______________ she communicated her ideas
very clearly.
7. _______________ they were not happy with some of the other essays’ paragraph
organization.

Page 191
57 WRITING
i. Write and essay to answer this question: What makes you feel proud of your
country?

Page 192
58 READING
i. Read both texts and answer: Where are these texts from?

More dramatic than the Canary Islands, more peaceful than European cities, but only the
same distance away, that’s Iceland!
This island in the North Atlantic is larger than England and Wales, but few people live
here, only about 290,000, with over* half in the capital city, Reykjavik. Iceland has been
independent from Denmark since 1944 and the capital comes alive on Independence
Day (June 16), when Reykjavik feels more crowded than London.
But people don’t usually visit Iceland for the city life. This is a country of amazing
landscapes, blue lakes and lagoons, fast rivers and waterfalls, mountains and volcanos
that erupt frequently.
Mount Hekla, in the south of the country, has erupted sixteen times in the last 1,000
years, and, in one of the most violent eruptions of recent times, the volcano on the
island of Heimayey almost destroyed the town in 1973.

Iceland, day 3
We’ve been here for two days now, in Reykjavik, it’s the smallest capital city I’ve ever
visited, so we’ve seen just about everything now. It’s very pretty and has some great
museums (useful for rainy days, and there are a lot of them), but it’s very expensive here,
more expensive than London even, but the food’s good. I’ve had the best lamb and fish
that I’ve ever tasted.
We want to see more of the island, so we’ll probably go on excursion tomorrow, but it
depends on the weather. If it’s good weather, we’ll stay here and go whale-watching in
the afternoon, but if it’s bad, we’ll definitely take an excursion. We’re also thinking of
hiring a car but we might leave that till Friday and drive north over** the weekend.
Time for bed! I’ll write more tomorrow. XOXO Mel

DICTIONARY 

about: approximately even: expression of emphasis
over*: more than tasted: tried, ate, experienced
comes alive: gets very busy, offers many hiring: paying to use for a period
activities for tourists till: until
come together: unite, unify, connect, join over**: during
landscapes: sceneries, views, panoramas time for bed: I will sleep now


Page 193
59 READING
i.Read both texts again and write TRUE or FALSE, then correct the false sentences.
a. The Canary Islands are less dramatic than Iceland.
b. Iceland is smaller than England and Wales.
c. Not many people live in Iceland.
d. London never feels less crowded than Reykjavik.
e. Iceland has been independent for less than 50 years.
f. The volcano on Heimaey has erupted sixteen times.
g. Mel has seen smaller capital cities than Reykjavik.
h. Iceland is more expensive than many other places.
i. If the weather’s goo, Mel will go on an excursion tomorrow.
j. They’ll definitely hire a car at the weekend.

60 READING
i.Read both texts again and answer: What are the main differences in the writing style
of these texts?

61 READING
i.Read both texts again to check new vocabulary, then read them aloud and say
what you remember from them.

62 WRITING
i.Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.
Use the word in brackets.
1. Iceland is more peaceful than European cities.
European cities _____________________________________________ . (less)
2. Iceland has a small population.
Few ______________________________________________ . (live)
3. Iceland got its independence in 1944.
Iceland has been __________________________________ .(since)
4. Reykjavik is the furthest north of any capital city.
Reykjavik is _______________________________________. (further)
Page 194
63 SPEAKING
i.Check new vocabulary, then ask and answer these questions.
a. Where do you like to travel to when you are on vacation?
b. Would you prefer to travel to the coast or to the country side? Why?
c. Would you like to travel to the jungle? Why?
d. What kind of activities do you think people can do in a jungle-vacation?
e. If you went on a jungle-vacation, would you be afraid to see wild animals?
f. What kind of animals would you like to see?
g. What do you know about African jungle-vacations?

64 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.45 and answer: Where are these two friends planing to spend their
vacation?

65 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.42 again and write TRUE or FALSE.
a. Jane is at work at the moment.
b. There are five tours that look good.
c. In Mgahinga National Park there are about nine waterfalls.
d. In Bwindi National Park there are mountain gorillas.
e. In Queen Elizabeth national Park there are over 100 types of animal.
f. In the Murchison Falls National Park there are volcanos.

66 READING
i.Read the transcript of track 1.42 to check your answers and new vocabulary, then
read it aloud.

Page 195
67 TRANSCRIPT - track 1.42 - Jane, Andrea
J: Hello, Jane Barton here.
A: Jane, it’s Andrea. Listen, you know we were talking about an environmentally
friendly holiday this year?
J: Yes, why?
A: Well, I’ve got some details from a great company, Holidays in Africa, Uganda. Shall I
tell you about them?
J:Yeah… but I’m working, so I can’t talk for too long.
A: OK, no problem. Right, I’ve looked at the information and there are four tours that
look good. Oh, they’re all in national parks. I think we should get more details on a
couple of them.
J: OK, good idea.
A: First one, mmm, I don’t know how to pronounce this. It’s Mgahinga National Park,
there are about nine volcanoes in …
J: Volcanos!
A: … six are extinct, so don’t worry.
J: I’m worried!
A: Anyway, it’s mainly forest, with lots of different plants and birds …
J: And animals?
A: It mentions the golden monkey, that’s all.
J: No, I don’t like the sound of that one.
A: OK, number two, Bwindi National Park. Listen … ‘over half the world’s population of
mountain gorillas live in Bwindi’s forests …’
J: That sounds good.
A: Yes, but the others are too. Number three, Queen Elizabeth National Park, open
grassland, rainforest, lakes, with over 100 types of animal including elephants, leopards,
lions and buffalo.
J: I like that one.
A: OK, and the last one, the Murchison Falls National Park. This one’s by the River Nile,
and there are river animals and birds, and other animals like elephants, giraffes and
buffalo again. I like this one.
J: OK, well, why don’t we get details on the last two, Queen Elizabeth and Murchison
Falls?
A: Yes, I’ll do that … and shall I …
J: My boss is coming, I have to go. Bye, I’ll speak to you later.

Page 196
DICTIONARY 

environmentally friendly holiday: a I don’t like the sound of that one: I
vacation trip offering contact with the don’t like that option
natural world that sounds good: that’s good idea
get: obtain grassland: a large area covered with
couple: two grass
mainly: mostly, especially, predominantly by: near, at

mentions: says, talks about, describes

68 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.42 again and say what you remember from it.

69 SPEAKING
i.Read the transcript of track 1.42 again and answer: Which environmentally
friendly holiday do you prefer? Why?

70 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.46 and draw a sketch of the photo described.

71 READING
i.Read the transcript of track 1.46 and draw again a new sketch of the photo
described. Compare both drawings.


Page 197
71 TRANSCRIPT - track 1.46 - Tom, Shula
T: … and this photo is from my job in India, years ago. That’s the clinic on the left.
S: Oh, it’s lovely. Who’s the little boy on the right with the two women?
T: He helped the doctors and nurses, you know, made tea, fetched things.
S: It’s interesting that the photo is in black and white.
T: Yes, personally, I believe that you get better photos this way.
S: Yes, I agree. The mountains in the middle look amazing, so impressive.
T: I know, I loved the mountains. In fact, I loved everything there!
S: Really, why?
T: Well, because the weather was good, the food was wonderful, the people were really
friendly. I’d really like to go back to see them all again.
S: You should do that! You can take three months off from this job, you know.
T: That’s a good point, but I couldn’t leave my family for that long. I think it’s better if I
wait till the children are older.

DICTIONARY 

fetched: go for and then bring back take three months off: stop working for
three months


72 READING
i.Read the transcript of track 1.46 again to check new vocabulary then read it
aloud.

73 LISTENING
i.Listen to track 1.46 again say what you remember from it.

Page 198
74 HOMEWORK
i.Complete these sentences with WILL, MIGHT or WON’T according to what you
believe.
a. I think people __________ live longer in the future.
b. Doctors ____________________ (definitely) find cures for a lot of diseases.
c. People __________ retire later in twenty years time.
d. People __________ take holidays a long way from home.
e. We __________ fly as much as we do today.
f. Families ___________________ (probably) get smaller.
g. I __________ retire when I am 60.
h. The number of students at university __________ increase.

ii. Rewrite these sentences using the words in the box keeping the same meaning.

probably won’t might will definitely definitely won’t will probably

a. I’m 100% certain that we will find a better fuel than petrol.

b. I’m almost sure that we’ll get our news only from the internet.

c. I’m not sure if couples will divorce more.

d. I don’t think humans will go back to the Moon.

iii. Match the two halves of these first conditional sentences.



a. If people live longer, … 1. … they won’t be able to afford
childcare.
b. We might see the late film tonight …
2. … they might get more diseases when
c. If more students go to university, …
they’re older.
d. If parents don’t earn much money, …
3. … If we have more children.
e. We’ll need a bigger house …
4. … if the children go to bed early.
f.
5. … they might not all find good jobs
when they leave.

Page 199
iv. Complete these first conditional sentences so they are true to you.
a. If I leave work a little bit early today, …
b. If the weather is good at the weekend, …
c. If I have some spare money, …
d. If I get a promotion, …
e. If I win the lottery, …
f. If I become a celebrity, …
g. If the economy gets better, …
h. If my company moves abroad, …

v. Match these words with their definitions.



a. adolescent 1. a young person between 13 and 19
b. adult 2. someone between 35 and 60
c. child 3. a person over the age of 20
d. elderly 4. a very young person under 13
e. middle-aged 5. an old person over the age of 70
f. retired 6. a young person under the age of 20
g. teenager 7. someone who is over 60 and does not
work anymore


vi. Complete these sentences with the words from the box.

careless hopeless uncomfortable unhappy unkind unlucky unusual


useless

a. My brother is very _______________ so he makes a lot of mistakes.


b. Mike’s father is very _______________ and treated him badly.
c. Maria’s very _______________ because her boyfriend has gone away.
d. Susan never wins any competitions, she’s very _______________ .
e. It’s a very _______________ film, I have never seen anything like that.
f. Judy can’t play volleyball, she is _______________ at sports.
g. Paul needed to change his mattress because it was really _______________ .
h. Michael doesn’t expect anything good in the future, he is _______________ .
Page 200

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