Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
i
Copyright Page
All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be
reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the
express written permission of the publisher except for the use of
brief quotations in a book review.
ii
Dedicated to My beloved Teacher,
iii
Table of Content
TABLE OF CONTENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- IV
PREFACE AND DEFINITION OF THEMATIC TAFSIR---------------------- XI
INTRODUCTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XII
1. SURAH AL FATIHAH (THE OPENING) ------------------------------------------ 1
2. SURAH AL-BAQARAH (THE COW; THE HEIFER; THE
MAVERICK) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
3. SURAH ALI „IMRAN (THE FAMILY OF IMRAN) ------------------------- 19
4. SURAH AN-NISA‟ (THE WOMEN; THE FEMALE ADULTS; THE
ADULT FEMALES) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
5. SURAH AL-MA'IDAH (THE TABLE SPREAD; THE DINNER
TABLE; THE FEAST) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
6. SURAH AL-AN'AM (THE CATTLE) ------------------------------------------------ 51
7. SURAH AL-A‟RAF (A HILL BETWEEN HELL AND PARADISE;
THE ELEVATED PLACES; THE HEIGHTS) -------------------------------------- 58
8. SURAH AL-ANFAL (THE SPOILS OF WAR) --------------------------------- 72
9. SURAH AT TAUBAH (THE REPENTANCE) ---------------------------------- 78
10. SURAH YUNUS (JONAH) ------------------------------------------------------------- 87
11. SURAH HUD [HUD (A)] ---------------------------------------------------------------- 96
12. SURAH YUSUF [JOSEPH (YUSUF „ALAIHIS SALAM )] ---------- 104
13. SURAH AR-RA„D (THE THUNDER) ------------------------------------------ 115
14. SURAH IBRAHIM (PROPHET ABRAHAM) ------------------------------ 126
15. SURAH AL-HIJR (THE VALLEY OF STONE; THE STONELAND;
THE ROCK; THE ROCKY TRACT) --------------------------------------------------- 132
16. AN-NAHL (THE HONEY BEE)---------------------------------------------------- 140
17. SURAH ISRA (THE NIGHT JOURNEY)/ BANI ISRAEL
(CHILDREN OF ISRAEL)------------------------------------------------------------------ 154
18. SURAH AL-KAHF (THE CAVE) -------------------------------------------------- 168
19. SURAH MARYAM (MARY) --------------------------------------------------------- 178
20. SURAH TA HA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 186
21. SURAH AL-ANBIYA‟ (THE PROPHETS) ----------------------------------- 196
iv
22. SURAH AL-HAJJ (THE HAJJ; THE PILGRIMAGE; PILLAR OF
ISLAM; PILGRIM'S JOURNEY) ------------------------------------------------------- 205
23. SURAH AL-MU'MINUN (THE BELIEVERS; FAITHFUL AND
SUBMISSIVE ONES WHO UNDERSTOOD THE ESSENCE OF
FAITH) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 215
24. SURAH AN-NUR (THE LIGHT; THE CLARITY OF
ILLUMINATION; APPARENT TO THE SENSES; THE ONE WHO
ENLIGHTENS) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 222
25. SURAH AL FURQAN (THE CRITERION; THE EVIDENCE; THE
RIGHT AND WRONG DISCRIMINATORS; THE PROOF OF AL-
QUR‟AN) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 233
26. SURAH ASH-SHU'ARA (THE POETS) --------------------------------------- 241
27. SURAH AN-NAML (THE ANTS) ------------------------------------------------- 250
28. SURAH AL QASAS (THE STORY; THE NARRATION; THE
NARRATIVE) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 260
29. SURAH AL „ANKABUT (THE SPIDER)-------------------------------------- 269
30. SURAH AR RUM (THE ROMANS; THE CONSTANTINOPLE;
THE BYZANTINE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 278
31. SURAH LUQMAN (LOKMAAN; THE WISE; WISE ONE) --------- 286
32. SURAH AS-SAJDAH (THE PROSTRATION; BOWING
FOREHEAD IN THE GROUND TO LORD ALMIGHTY; A STATE
THAT RECEIVES VITAL ENERGIES) ---------------------------------------------- 301
33. SURAH AL-AHZAB (THE ALLIES; THE CLANS; THE
COALITION; THE COMBINED FORCES; THE CONFERATES) ----- 308
34. SURAH SABA‟ (THE SABAEANS) ---------------------------------------------- 317
35. SURAH FATIR (THE ORIGINATOR; THE CREATOR; THE
ORIGANTOR OF CREATION) ----------------------------------------------------------- 327
36. SURAH YA SIN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 334
37. SURAH AS-SAFFAT (THOSE WHO SET THE RANKS; THOSE
LINED UP; THOSE RANGED IN ROWS; THE RANGERS) ------------ 344
38. SURAH SAD --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 351
39. SURAH AZ-ZUMAR (THE TROOPS; THE GROUPS; THE
THRONGS) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 359
40. SURAH AL MU'MIN (THE BELIEVER), ALSO KNOWN AS
SURAH AL GHAFIR (THE FORGIVER) ------------------------------------------- 366
v
41. SURAH HA MIM AS-SAJDAH, ALSO KNOWN AS SURAH
FUSSILAT (EXPLAINED IN DETAIL) --------------------------------------------- 375
42. SURAH ASH-SHURA (THE CONSULTATION; DIALOGUE;
DISCUSSION; TALK IN THE MEETING) ---------------------------------------- 385
43. SURAH AZ-ZUKHRUF (GOLDEN ORNAMENTS; THE
ORNAMENTS OF GOLD; THE LUXURY) ---------------------------------------- 393
44. SURAH AD-DUKHAN (THE SMOKE; THE FUME; THE REEK;
THE BURNING SMOLDER; THE SMOULDER) ------------------------------ 401
45. SURAH AL-JATHIYAH (THE KNEELING DOWN; THE
CROUCHING) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 408
46. SURAH AL-AHQAF (THE WIND CURVED SAND DUNES; THE
SANDHILLS; THE SAND DUNES; THE WINDING SAND TRACTS)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 413
47. SURAH MUHAMMAD (THE PRAISED ONE) ALSO SURAH AL-
QITAL (FIGHTING) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 418
48. SURAH AL-FATH (THE VICTORY; THE TRIUMPH; THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF SUCCESS) -------------------------------------------------------- 424
49. SURAH AL-HUJURAAT (THE PRIVATE APARTMENTS; THE
CHAMBERS) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 430
50. SURAH QAF (THE LETTER QĀF) ---------------------------------------------- 436
51. SURAH AZ-ZARIYAT (THE WINDS THAT SCATTER; THE
SCATTERING WINDS; THE WINNOWING WINDS) --------------------- 441
52. SURAH AT-TUR (MOUNTAIN OF TUR; THE MOUNT; MOUNT
SINAI; MOUNT OF OLIVES) ------------------------------------------------------------ 447
53. SURAH AN-NAJM (THE STAR; LUMINARY OBJECT THAT
DIRECTS ATTENTION) -------------------------------------------------------------------- 451
54. SURAH AL-QAMAR (THE MOON) -------------------------------------------- 462
55. SURAH AR-RAHMAN (THE MOST GRACIOUS; THE MOST
MERCIFUL; THE MOST BENEFICENT; THE ALL MERCIFUL; THE
LORD OF MERCY) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 468
56. SURAH AL-WAQI`AH (THE INEVITABLE EVENT; THE
OCCURRENCE; THE COMING EVENT) ------------------------------------------ 474
57. SURAH AL-HADID (THE FERRUM; THE IRON; RIGID AND
MAGNETIC METAL WITH SILVERY-GREY HUE)------------------------- 479
58. SURAH AL-MUJADILAH (THE WOMAN WHO DISPUTES;
PLEADING WOMAN; SHE THAT DISPUTETH) ----------------------------- 486
vi
59. SURAH AL-HASHR (THE BANISHMENT; THE EXILE; THE
GATHERING) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 494
60. CONCISE TAFSEER OF SURAH AL-MUMTAHINAH IN
SUMMARIZED FORM ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 506
61. SURAH AS-SAFF (THE RANKS; THE ARRAY; THE BATTLE
ARRAY) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 512
62. SURAH AL-JAMU'AH (THE ASEMBLY; THE DAY IN THE
ASSEMBLY; THE DAY OF GATHERING; THE CONGREGATION) 517
63. SURAH AL-MUNAFIQUN (THE HYPOCRITES; WOLF IN
SHEEP‟S CLOTHING; THE MASQUERADER) -------------------------------- 523
64. SURAH AT-TAGHABUN (MUTUAL LOSS AND GAIN; THE
DEPRIVATION; MUTUAL DISPOSSESSION IN GAINING
PERSONAL BENEFITS) -------------------------------------------------------------------- 530
65. SURAH AT-TALAQ (THE DIVORCE) ----------------------------------------- 533
66. SURAH AT-TAHRIM (THE PROHIBITION; HOLDING
SOMETHING TO BE FORBIDDEN; THE BANNING) --------------------- 538
67. SURAH AL-MULK (THE DOMINION; THE KINGDOM; THE
SOVEREIGNTY OF SUPREME POWER) ----------------------------------------- 544
68. SURAH AL-QALAM (THE PEN) ------------------------------------------------- 549
69. SURAH AL-HAQQAH (THE MANIFEST REALITY; THE
INEVITABLE REALITY; THE EVENT OF TRUTH; THE SURE
TRUTH) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 555
70. SURAH AL MA‟ARIJ (THE ASCENDING STAIRWAYS; THE
ASCENDING STEPS; THE WAYS OF ASCENT) ------------------------------ 558
71. SURAH NUH (NOAH) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 561
72. SURAH AL JINN (THE JINN) ----------------------------------------------------- 568
73. SURAH AL-MUZZAMMIL (THE FOLDED GARMENTS; THE
ONE WHO IS COVERED UP; THE ENSHROUDED ONE; THE ONE
WRAPPED UP) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 578
74. SURAH AL-MUDDATHTHIR (THE CLOAKED ONE; THE
ENVELOPED ONE; THE MAN WEARING A CLOAK; THE ONE
WRAPPING HIMSELF UP) --------------------------------------------------------------- 584
75. SURAH AL-QIYAMAH (THE RESURRECTION; THE RISING OF
THE DEAD) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 589
76. SURAH AD-DAHR (AGE; ERA; ENDLESS TIME; THE EPOCH),
ALSO KNOWN AS AL-INSAN (MAN; HUMAN; THE ONE) ----------- 594
vii
77. SURAH AL-MURSALAT (THOSE SENT FORTH; THE WINDS
WHICH ARE SENT FORTH; THE EMISSARIES) --------------------------- 597
78. SURAH AN-NABA' (THE GREAT NEWS; THE TIDINGS; THE
ANNOUNCEMENT) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 601
79. SURAH AN-NAZI‟AT (THE SOUL SNATCHERS; THOSE WHO
DRAG; THOSE WHO TEAR OUT; THE EXTRACTORS; THOSE
WHO PULL OUT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 604
80. SURAH „ABASA (HE FROWNED) --------------------------------------------- 609
81. SURAH AT-TAKWIR (THE FOLDING UP; THE
OVERTHROWING; THE ROLLING; THE WRAPPING; SHROUDED
IN DARKNESS) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 613
82. SURAH AL-INFITAR (THE CLEAVING; BURSTING APART;
THE CLEAVING ASUNDER; THE SPLITTING) ------------------------------ 616
83. SURAH AL-MUTAFFIFEEN (THE CHEATS; THE
DEFRAUDERS; THOSE WHO GIVE LESS; THOSE WHO DEAL IN
FRAUD; THOSE WHO WEIGH LESS) --------------------------------------------- 619
84. SURAH AL-INSHIQAQ (THE SPLITTING APART; THE
SUNDERING; THE RENDING ASUNDER) ------------------------------------- 623
85. SURAH AL-BUROOJ (THE CONSTELLATIONS; THE GREAT
STARS; THE ZODIACAL SIGNS) ----------------------------------------------------- 628
86. SURAH AT-TARIQ (THE MORNING STAR; THE NIGHT
VISITANT; THE PIERCING STAR) -------------------------------------------------- 635
87. SURAH AL-A‟LA (THE MOST HIGH; THE SUPREME) ----------- 639
88. SURAH AL-GHASHIYAH (THE OVERWHELMING EVENT;
THE PALL; THE VEIL; THE SCREEN IN COVER) ------------------------- 642
89. SURAH AL-FAJR (THE DAWN; THE DAYBREAK) ----------------- 645
90. SURAH AL-BALAD (THE CITY; THE LAND) --------------------------- 650
91. SURAH ASH-SHAMS (THE SUN) ---------------------------------------------- 654
92. SURAH AL-LAIL (THE NIGHT) ------------------------------------------------- 658
93. SURAH AD-DHUHA (THE MORNING LIGHT; THE
FORENOON; THE MORNING HOURS; MORNING BRIGHT) ------ 661
94. SURAH AL-INSHIRAH (THE OPENING UP; THE
CONSOLATION)/ALAM NASHRAH (DID WE NOT EXPAND)/
SURAH ASH-SHARH (THE EXPANSION) -------------------------------------- 665
95. SURAH AT-TIN (THE FIG; THE FIG TREE) ----------------------------- 668
viii
96. SURAH AL-„ALAQ (THE CLINGING SUBSTANCE; THE EARLY
STAGE OF THE EMBRYO; COAGULATED BLOOD; BLOOD CLOT; A
LUMP OF MUD) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 673
97. SURAH AL-QADR (THE DECREE; THE DESTINY; THE FATE;
THE POWER) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 679
98. SURAH AL-BAYYINAH (THE CLEAR EVIDENCE; THE CLEAR
PROOF)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 684
99. SURAH AZ-ZALZALAH (THE CONVULSION; THE
EARTHQUAKE; THE QUAKE; THE SHAKING; THE VIOLENT
TREMBLING) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 687
100. SURAH AL-'ADIYAT (THOSE THAT RUN; THE CHARGERS;
THE COURSERS; THE RACERS; THE WAR-HORSES; THE
ASSAULTERS) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 692
101. SURAH AL-QARI‟AH (THE CALAMITY; THE CLAMOUR; THE
GREAT DISASTER; THE STRIKING HOUR; THE SHOCKER) ------ 696
102. SURAH AT-TAKATHUR (THE MUTUAL RIVALRY; THE
PILING UP; THE INCESSANT COMPETITION; STRIVING FOR
MORE; THE SHOW OFF) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 700
103. SURAH AL-„ASR (THE DECLINING DAY, TIME THROUGH
THE AGES; EVENTIDE; THE EPOCH) -------------------------------------------- 705
104. SURAH AL-HUMAZAH (THE ONE WHO SLANDERS; THE
BACKBITER; THE TRADUCER; THE GOSSIPMONGER; THE
SLANDERER; THE SCORNER) -------------------------------------------------------- 709
105. SURAH AL-FIL (THE ELEPHANT) ------------------------------------------ 713
106. SURAH QURAISH (QURAISH) ------------------------------------------------ 719
107. SURAH AL-MA'UN (THE SMALL KINDNESSES; ASSISTANCE;
ALMSGIVING; HAVE YOU SEEN; NEIGBOURLY NEEDS) ----------- 724
108. SURAH AL-KAUTHAR (ABUNDANCE OF A LOT; A LOT;
ABUNDANCE OF GOOD; PLENTY; THE ABUNDANCE) --------------- 729
109. SURAH AL-KAFIRUN (THE DISBELIEVERS; THE
UNBELIEVERS) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 735
110. SURAH AN-NASR (THE HELP; DIVINE SUPPORT) -------------- 741
111. SURAH AL-LAHAB (THE FLAME)/ AL-MASAD (THE PALM
FIBER) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 746
112. SURAH AL-IKHLAS (THE FIDELITY; THE PURITY; THE
SINCERITY; ONE THIRD OF THE QUR‟AN)/ SURAH AT-TAUHID
(MONOTHEISM) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 754
ix
113. SURAH AL-FALAQ (EARLY BRIGHT; THE DAYBREAK; THE
DAWN; SUNRISE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 760
114. SURAH AN-NAS (MANKIND; PEOPLE; HUMANS, MEN AND
WOMEN) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 768
x
Preface and Definition of Thematic Tafsir
The authore of the Qur‘an is the Lord Almighty which has been
revealed to Prophet Muhammad (s) heart from his age of 40 to
his last year of return from this earth at the age of 63 for 23
years.
xi
Introduction
This English rendition of tafsir (explanation) pf the individual
Surahs of the Qur‘an is compile work by me which I accumulated
over period of last 2 years and so. AlHamdulillah, I drafted this
book‘s content in three note-books before writing it in online
with the help of online resources and editing it with proper sub-
headings to each and every Surah to form a snyc-hole of
understanding between me and the Qur‘an. The Qur‘an says,
I have also used snippets from Tafsir Ibn Kathir which I found in
various online sites, slideshare contents from different
presentations, and gathered anyalitical data of Tadubbur-e-
Qur‘an of Amin Islahi in my comipation in work, along with
some few others which are all blended into this work-flow.
SubHanallah!
xii
1. Surah Al Fatihah (The Opening)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Surah Al Fatihah In
Summarized Form
This is the first Surah of the Qur‘an, although not in the order of
revelation and the 5th Surah to be revealed in Chronology. Al-
Fatihah is a sort of preface which is the subject-matter of it. In
Arabic, the word ―Fataha‖ means, ―to open something closed‖.
The Surah has seven ayats.
Period of Revelation
1
to study the Qur‘an with the mental attitude of a seeker- after-
truth and to recognize the fact that the Lord of the samawat is
the source of all knowledge.
He then said,
"I will teach you the greatest Surah in the Qur'an before you
leave the Masjid."
He held my hand and when he was about to leave the Masjid, I
2
said, `O Messenger of Allah! You said: I will teach you the
greatest Surah in the Qur'an.'
He said, Yes.
Al-Hamdu lillahi Rabbil-`Alamin,
It is the seven repeated (ayats) and the Glorious Qur'an that I
was given. [Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Musnad Ahmad ibn
Hanbal; Muhammad al-Bukhari, Abu Dawood, Al-
Nasa'i and Ibn Majah also recorded this hadith]
3. One pleads Allah (swt) to help him follow the path of the
righteous people.
8. When the servant says, ‗The Only Owner (and the Only
Ruling Judge) of the Day of Recompense (i.e. the Day of
4
Resurrection)‘, Allah says, ‗My servant has glorified Me.‘
10. If the servant says, ‗Guide us to the Straight Way The Way
of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace, Not
(the way) of those who earned Your Anger, nor of those
who went astray.‘ Allah says, ‗This is for My servant, and
My servant shall have what he asked.‘‖ [Narrated by
Muslim]
5
2. Surah Al-Baqarah (The Cow; The Heifer; The
Maverick)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Baqarah In Summarized
Form
The Surah includes the single longest ayah in the Qur'an (2:282)
– the ayah which talks about legal procedures regarding financial
transactions. The Surah starts with this, ―This is the Book (that)
….. is guidance …..‖. The Madani Surahs focus on building a
strong Muslim society and this chapter deals with many social,
cultural, economic, political and legal issues.
The Surah has 286 ayats which are divided into 40 Ruku‘
(Section).
Period of Revelation
6
had begun to appear. Allah (swt) has, therefore, briefly pointed
out their characteristics here. Afterwards, when their evil
characteristics and mischievous deeds became manifest, Allah
(swt) sent detailed instructions about them. The last ayats of the
Surah (284-286) were revealed at Makkah before the migration
of the Prophet (s) to AI-Madinah has also been included in it.
8
25. There is no fighting during Hajj, Allah‘s bounty should
be sought after returning from Hajj.
26. One should appreciate Allah‘s (swt) bounties. All
human beings were originally one community.
Divisions came later. One should be generous and
defend his/her faith.
27. Some important questions answered: War in the
sacred months, wine and gambling, charity, orphans‘
money, divorced women and their situation.
28. The laws of divorce.
29. Continuation of the laws of divorce.
30. Rules on the remarriage of the divorced women or the
widowers.
31. Further rules of divorce
32. Fighting in the cause of Allah (swt): two examples
from history- Israelites under the leadership of
Prophet Musa (a).
33. Under the leadership of Prophet Daud (a) – the victory
came over the forces of Goliath.
34. Emphasis on charity. Everything belongs to Allah
(swt). His Throne extends to heaven and earth. No
compulsion in religion. Allah (swt) brings out people
from darkness unto light.
35. Almighty Allah‘s power over life and death, some
examples: Prophet Ibrahim‘s (a) dialogue with
Namrood, a man in the valley of dead (probably
Prophet Ezekiel‘s vision of Jerusalem), Prophet
Ibrahim (a) asks Allah how will He raise the dead to
life. Allah‘s answer to Ibrahim (a).
36. Allah (swt) blesses charity: some examples of how
Lord Almighty blesses charity.
37. Emphasis on charity: spend good things, give openly
and secretly to the poor and needy.
38. Prohibition of usury (riba) and its bad effects on
individuals and society
39. Some rules on loan transactions
9
40. Conclusion and prayer: Everything in the heaven and
earth belong to Almighty Allah, the prayer of the
believers.
Subject Matter of the Surah
All people are invited to worship Allah (swt) and to become His
true servants. Allah (swt) created all people and He made the
earth and heaven for their benefit and produced sustenance for
them. The problem comes when people deny their Creator, break
the relations that Allah (swt) told them to keep, follow the wrong
ways in life and make mischief in the land.
Narrated Abu Mas'ud Al-Ansari (ra): The Prophet (s) said, "If
one recites the last two ayats of Surat-al-Baqarah at night, it is
sufficient for him (for that night)." [SAHIH BUKHARI,
12
Volume 6, Book 61: Virtues of the Qur'an, Number 560]
Abu Umama (ra) said he heard Allah's Messenger (s) say: Recite
the Qur'an, for on the Day of Resurrection it will come as an
intercessor for those who recite It. Recite the two bright ones, al-
Baqarah and Surah Al 'Imran, for on the Day of Resurrection
they will come as two clouds or two shades, or two flocks of birds
in ranks, pleading for those who recite them. Recite Surah al-
Baqarah, for to take recourse to it is a blessing and to give it up is
a cause of grief, and the magicians cannot confront it. (Mu'awiya
said: It has been conveyed to me that here Batala means
magicians.) [Sahih Muslim 804]
Sahl ibn Sa‘d (ra) narrated that the Prophet (s) said, ―Everything
has a hump (or, high peak), and al-Baqarah is the high peak of
the Qur‘an. Whoever recites al-Baqarah at night in his house,
then Shaytan will not enter that house for three nights. Whoever
recites it during a day in his house, then Shaytan will not enter
that house for three days.‖ [Ibn Hibban, at-Tabarani]
―O you who believe, fear Allah and give up what remains (due to
you) from riba (from now onwards) if you are indeed believers …
And none shall be dealt with unjustly. (Al-Baqarah 2:278-281).
Ibn Abbas (ra) said: ―These were the last ayats revealed to the
13
Prophet (s).‖ [Bukhari]
Ayats (21 – 29): Mankind has been asked by the creator Allah
(swt) to voluntarily accept and submit to Him. They are also been
told to believe in Al-Qur‘an, His Guidance, and in the life after
death.
Ayats (30 – 39): The story of Adam (a) has been narrated. Allah
(swt) appointed Adam (a) as vicegerent to Earth. As a matter of
consequence Shaitan tempted him, and Adam (a) fell prey to
that. Allah (swt) related the incidents of repentance and its
acceptance from Adam (a) to show mankind (Adam‘s (a)
offspring) the original notion of guidance towards truth.
Ayats (40 – 120): Bani Israel‘s past and present attitude towards
guidance has been critically assessed in these ayats. Allah (swt)
has shown the course of their degradation was their deviation
from guidance.
Ayats 261 to 283: Allah (swt) resumed the theme of - ayats 153 to
251. He exhorted the believers to spend in the way of Him. And
He warned them about the evil of lending money on the interest.
At the later ayats Allah (swt) declared war on those who would
touch Riba accompanying with the last Rasul Muhammad (s). He
instructed us to be honest in our conduct
of day-to-day business transactions.
Ayats 284 to 286: The basic article of Faith (Imaan) has been
reviewed here at the end of the Surah, as it was discussed at the
beginning. The ayats contains du‘a (private prayers for
individuals) for the Muslim Community. These are for the early
Muslims of Makkah who faced untold hardships in the
propagation of the Guidance.
15
5. Eat of lawful things and don‘t make any food haram on
yourself.
16. No one should curse trials, it paves the way for the
believer to achieve strong belief in the unseen.
16
19. No drinking and gambling as it is prohibited.
23. Do not use Allah‘s name for such oaths to be away from
17
32. One should not spoil his/her charity by big talks and show
offs.
33. Those who devour interest become like the one whom
Satan has bewitched and maddened by his touch.
18
3. Surah Ali „Imran (The Family of Imran)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ali „Imran In Summarized
Form
This Surah was revealed at Madinah, and the title is derived from
the ayah 33, referring to the family of Imran. This is the 3rd
Surah of the Qur'an according to its arrangement, but it is 89th
Surah according to the order of revelation. This Surah consists of
200 ayats divided in 20 Ruku‘ (Section).
The Surah points out to man‘s craving for the goodness of this
world. The believer prays for goodness in the life of the
Hereafter, and to safeguard him from the torment of the Fire.
The Surah asserts that the Day will definitely come, when each
soul will be accounted for his actions on earth. From those who
die as unbelievers, no ransom shall be accepted, even if it were as
much gold as would fill the entire earth.
Patience and piety are held up as virtues that will safeguard one
against evil conspiracies. Referring to the inattention of the
Muslims in the battle of Uhud, the Surah says that such
misfortunes befall the believers, so that Allah (swt) might test the
strength of their faith.
Each soul shall eventually be brought back to its Creator, and the
believer, who has lived righteously on earth, would enter
Paradise, and that would be the great Triumph.
Period of Revelation
19
1st discourse – ayats 1 to 32 – likely to be revealed soon
after the Battle of Badr.
2nd discourse – ayats 33 to 63 – revealed on 9 A.H on the
occasion of the visit of the deputation from the Christians
of Najran.
3rd discourse – ayats 64 to 120 – appears to have been
revealed immediately after the first deputation.
4th discourse – ayats 121 to 200 – revealed after the
Battle of Uhud.
Topics discussed in Ruku‘ (Section)
20
Muhammad (s). He asked them to come for an open
Mubahalah.
7. Invitation to the People of the Book to come to a common
word of Tawhid and obedience to Allah (swt).
8. Some People of the Book try to discredit Islam. Muslims
are warned to be conscious of this challenge.
9. Previous prophets and their scriptures confirm the truth
of Islam.
10. Charity and sacrifice are necessary to attain faith and
piety. Muslims should pay attention to the Ka‘bah and
stand firm to give the message of Islam to the world.
11. Muslims must remain conscious of Allah (swt) and must
hold fast together the rope of Allah (swt), i.e His Book and
His guidance.
12. The role of the Muslim Ummah in the world.
13. The critical review of the Battle of Uhud
14. Prohibition of Riba and emphasis on charity. Believers
must hasten to seek the forgiveness from their Lord. Some
beautiful characters and qualities of the believers are
mentioned.
15. Prophet Muhammad (s) is only a Messenger of Lord
Almighty like other messengers. His death should not
mean giving up the faith. Believers must persevere and be
patient in difficulties.
16. Criticism of those who showed weakness during the Battle
of Uhud. Muslims should be strong in their commitment
to faith.
17. True believers and the hypocrites. Hypocrites' negligence
at the time of Uhud.
18. Steadfast attitude of the Believers. Shaitan tries to
frighten the Believers, but the true Believers become even
stronger after trials and tests.
19. Some propaganda of the People of the Book against Islam
and how to respond to such challenges.
20. Allah‘s (swt) promise of success for the Believers. How the
believers should pray to Allah and seek His blessings.
21
Subject Matter of the Surah
The Muhkamat are the Ayats that explain the abrogating rulings,
the allowed, prohibited laws, limits, obligations and rulings that
should be believed in and implemented. As for the Mutashabihat
Ayats, they include the abrogated Ayat, parables, oaths, and what
should be believed in, but not implemented. [Tafseer Ibn
Kathir]
22
This Surah mentions the event of Mubahala (i.e. deciding a
dispute by invoking curse of Allah on the liar), in the ayah 61, the
Christians of the Deputation from Najran were challenged by
Prophet Muhammad (s) to ―Mubahallah‖ which they declined.
Allah (swt) told us that He chose Prophet Adam (a), Prophet Nuh
(a), the family of Ibrahim (a) and the family of Imran from
amongst those who were living during their times for Prophet-
hood among the mankind. The Surah narrates the story of
Maryam and Isa (a) [Mary and Jesus] as well as of Zakariah (a),
the father of Yahya (a) [John the Baptist], all of whom belonged
to the family of Imran who was father of Prophet Musa (a) and
Haroon (a).
Ayats 66 to 101: Allah (swt) invited the Jews to give up their evil
way of life and to accept the Divine Guidance. At the same time
the Muslims have been warned to be on their guard against their
foul intents, erroneous ways and absurd complaints.
Ayats 102 to 120: Allah (swt) instructed the Muslims to take heed
from the history of the people of the Book. They were told to
guard themselves from their corrupt deceitful works. Muslims
were also advised to prepare and train themselves to have virtue
within their heart and put an end to all evil.
24
has been pointed out that the set-back they had suffered was due
to the lack of some moral qualities and the existence of some
evils within their own ranks. Since the main cause of the defeat
was the greed of the archers, and guarding the pass - the taking
of interest has been prohibited to eradicate this evil.
Ayats 175 to 189: The main theme of the ayats 109 to 120 has
been resumed to reassure and encourage the Muslims against the
dangerous plots of their enemies.
Ayats 190 to 200: These ayats are the conclusion of the theme of
the Surah as a whole.
2. Some of the people who possess the book will try their
best to deviate us from the Deen of Allah (swt). So one
should be wary of this, and remain attendant by not taking
―protectors‖ outside of their ranks. However, not all are
wicked, so one should avoid generalizations.
4. Fight those who fight you, and don‘t seek to appease your
enemies who only seek your downfall. What happened on
the day of the battle (Uhud) was a test from Allah (swt) to
see who the true believers were and who the hypocrites
were. On that day, the hypocrites were closer to disbelief
when they spoke with their mouths what was not in their
hearts. Surely, Allah (swt) knows what was concealed.
11. Allah (swt) tells the believer in ayah 97: …..And Hajj
(pilgrimage to Makkah) to the House (Ka`bah) is a duty
that mankind owes to Allah, those who can afford the
expenses (for one‘s conveyance, provision and residence).
Those who do not perform Haj even when they have
ability to manage it, at the end of the ayah Allah tells He
would put those into accountability who would become
irresponsible.
27
Qiblah and that is our direction for worship. But we
should not have only one Qiblah for worship; we should
also have unity of purpose and mission in our life.
Muslims should be the people of a focus and direction, not
a confused people or a people without any orientation and
direction. Our focus of life is Allah and House of Allah, the
Ka'bah on this earth. We have with us Allah's book that we
must hold fast together. "And hold fast all together Allah's
rope and be not divided... (Ali 'Imran 3:103).
28
4. Surah An-Nisa‟ (The Women; The Female Adults; The
Adult Females)
Concise Tafseer of Surah An-Nisa‟ In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
31
The main theme of Surah An-Nisa‘ is the building of a strong
Muslim society, particularly in reference to granting women,
their God-given rights to fulfill their true roles in a society. This
Surah teaches the Muslims to adhere to the ways which would
make their faith firm and strong. The core facet of that society is
none other than a stable family.
The Surah deals with the case of Bani Nadir. In spite of the peace
treaties they had with Muslims, they openly siding with the
enemies of Islam. They were exiled from Al-Madinah for plotting
against Muhammad (s) and the Muslim Community. In order to
consolidate and strengthen the community of Islam detail
instructions have been given in continuation to those of Surah
Al-Baqarah.
The Revelation of the Qur‘an was sent to Muhammad (s) and just
like all the prophets before him. Daud (a) [David] received the
Psalms, and Musa (s) [Moses] spoke directly to God Almighty
and he was given Taurat. And Isa (a) [Jesus] was also a
messenger people of the Scripture have been told to abandon the
Trinitarian doctrine because God Almighty as He is Only One.
He does not need a son.
33
The opening ayah stresses the unity of human race by
pointing out they were created from a single soul.
In ayats 2 to 10, rights of orphans have been laid down in
general. Permission given regarding polygamy (ayah
no.3). This permission encourages Muslims to marry
widows and other helpless women such as orphaned adult
female and divorcees in order to provide them protection
as well as protection to the orphans who are with the
widows.
Ayats 11 and 12 along with ayats 7, 8, 33 and 176 lay down
the law of inheritance in Islam.
Rights to women have been granted in ayats 3 and 127 (in
case of polygamy), in ayats 7, 11, 12 and 176 (regarding
inheritance), in ayats 4, 19, 20 and 21 (regarding dower),
in ayats 19, 22, 23, 24, 25 (regarding marriage), in ayats
34, 35, 128 (regarding disputes with the husband), in ayah
127 (regarding marriage of orphan female adults), etc.
Law of dower has been legislated in ayats 4, 19 to 21.
Ayats 22 to 24 establishes rule of prohibition of marriages
within certain degrees of close relationships.
Before legislating the punishment for fornication finally in
Surah An-Nur [24], the way to deal with the women and
men guilty of this offence has been announced in ayats 15
and 16 of this Surah.
Rules regarding repentance and forgiveness have been
laid down in ayats 17 and 18.
Law of arbitration has been laid down in ayah 35.
Ayah 36 enjoins kind treatment to parents, near kindred,
orphans, the neighbours, friends, slaves and wayfarers. It
bids us to worship Allah (swt) only and not to associate
any partner with Him. Ayats 48 and 116 make ascribing
partners to Allah (Shirk or polytheism) unpardonable sin.
Ayah 43 legislates initial prohibition of drinking,
forbidding the Muslims to approach prayer while drunk. It
also makes rules regarding bath and dry ablution.
34
Rules regarding deposits, doing justice, obeying Allah
(swt) and the messenger, obedience to Amir are laid down
in ayats 58 and 59.
Instructions regarding Jihad (fighting for the cause of
Allah) have been given in ayats 71, 74, 75 to 78, 84 and 95.
In ayah 86, manners of greeting have been laid down.
Ayats 92 and 93 enacts the law regarding punishment for
murder.
In ayats 97 to 100 - migration has been enjoined on
believers in case of danger to lives and beliefs.
Rules regarding prayer in case of journey, fear and war
have been laid down in ayats 101 to 103.
Ayats 37 to 42, 62 to 68, 72 to 73, 77 to 83, 88 to 91, 113,
138 to 143 and 145 deal with the behaviour of hypocrites
and warn the Muslims to be careful about them.
Case of the Jews has been discussed in ayats 44 to 54 and
ayats 150 to 162.
Charges against the Jews have been framed such as the
breaking of the covenant with Allah (swt), disobedience to
Musa (a), worship of the calf, breach of the Sabbath,
disbelief in ayats of Allah (swt), assassination of previous
Prophets, and slander against Maryam (mother of Isa (a)),
taking of usury and devouring of the wealth of people
through unlawful means. Although, the Qur‘an rejects
their claim regarding Crucifixion and the killing of Isa (a),
their behaviour with Isa (a) is condemned.
The Christians have been addressed in ayah 171. The
divinity of Isa (a) and doctrine of Trinity has been rejected
outright and they have been plainly told that Isa (a)
[Jesus] was the only messenger of Allah.
Virtue of the Surah
Hazrat Abdullah ibn Mas‘ood radiyallahu ‗anhu has said, " There
are five Ayats in Surat An-Nisa' that I would prefer to the life of
this world and all that is in it."
35
I. If you avoid great sins which you are forbidden to do,
We shall remit from you your (small) sins, and admit
you to a Noble Entrance (i.e. Paradise). (4:31),
II. Surely, Allah wrongs not even of the weight of an atom
(or a small ant), but if there is any good (done), He
doubles it, and gives from Him a great reward. (4:40),
III. Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set
up with him in worship, but He forgives except that
(anything else) to whom He pleases, and whoever sets
up partners with Allah in worship, he has indeed
invented a tremendous sin. (4:48),
IV. If they (the hypocrites), when they had been unjust to
themselves, had come to you (Muhammad sallallahu
alaihe wasallam) and begged Allah‘s forgiveness, and
the Messenger had begged forgiveness for them, they
would have found Allah indeed the All-Forgiving (One
who accepts repentance), Most Merciful. (4:64),
V. And whoever earns a sin, he earns it only against
himself. And Allah is every All-Knowing, All-Wise.
(4:110).
This statement of Hazrat Abdullah ibn Mas‘ood radiyallahu anhu
has been recorded by Ibn Jareer.
Narrated Yusuf bin Mahk, While I was with Aisha, the mother of
the Believers, a person from Iraq came and asked, "What type of
shroud is the best?" `Aisha said, "May Allah be merciful to you!
What does it matter?" He said, "O mother of the Believers! Show
me (the copy of) your Qur'an," She said, "Why?" He said, "In
order to compile and arrange the Qur'an according to it, for
people recite it with its Surahs not in proper order." `Aisha said,
"What does it matter which part of it you read first? (Be
informed) that the first thing that was revealed thereof was a
Surah from Al-Mufassal, and in it was mentioned Paradise and
the Fire. When the people embraced Islam, the ayats regarding
legal and illegal things were revealed. If the first thing to be
revealed was: 'Do not drink alcoholic drinks.' people would have
said, 'We will never leave alcoholic drinks,' and if there had been
36
revealed, 'Do not commit illegal sexual intercourse, 'they would
have said, 'We will never give up illegal sexual intercourse.' While
I was a young girl of playing age, the following ayah was revealed
in Makkah to Muhammad (s): 'Nay! But the Hour is their
appointed time (for their full recompense), and the Hour will be
more grievous and more bitter.' (54.46) Surah Al-Baqarah (The
Cow) and Surat An-Nisa (The Women) were revealed while I was
with him." Then `Aisha took out the copy of the Qur'an for the
man and dictated to him the ayats of the Suras (in their proper
order). [Sahih al-Bukhari Vol. 6, Book 61, Hadith 515]
10. The one who disputes the decision of the Prophet (s) is
not a believer.
19. The Qur'an carries the same Message that was sent to
Nuh (Noah), Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses) and Isa
(Jesus).
38
20. Allah's commandments relating to family life and
community life. The Surah illustrates the Qur‘an‘s role as
an authoritative legal source and its ability to shape the
community.
39
5. Surah Al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread; The Dinner
Table; The Feast)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Ma'idah In Summarized
Form
The story of the Feast (Maidah) is a real life anecdote that sums
up the central theme of the Surah, which is - the covenants. It
also shows that when a person accepts to enter into a covenant
with Allah (swt), they are expected to fulfil their obligation or
else endure severe consequences. The Surah consists of 120 ayats
in 16 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
The exact period of its revelation is not known. This Surah was
revealed to suit the requirement of the changed conditions that
prevailed earlier at the time of the revelation of ―Ali ‗lmran‖ and
―An-Nisa‖. It was revealed, as the theme of the Surah indicates,
after the treaty of Hudaibiyah at the end of 6 AH or beginning of
7 AH. Muslim land had now extended to Najd on the east, to the
Red Sea on the west, to Syria on the north and to Makkah on the
south.
40
The laws of marriage and divorce, segregation of sexes,
punishment of adultery and abuse, new and reformed ways of
trade and commerce gave Muslims a special mold.
Ayats 1 to 10: Here the Divine laws about food, sex, salat, and
justice have been prescribed. Believers are ordained to observe
and fulfill these scrupulously.
Ayats 27 to 32: It has the story of the two sons of Adam (a) in
harmony with Jews – those who plotted to kill Rasul Muhammad
(s) and his Companions.
(When there comes the help of Allah and the Conquest,) Al-
Hakim collected a narration similar to that of At-Tirmidhi in his
Mustadrak, and he said, "It is Sahih according to the criteria of
the Two Shaykhs and they did not record it.'' Al-Hakim narrated
that Jubayr bin Nufayr said, "I performed Hajj once and visited
`A'ishah and she said to me, `O Jubayr! Do you read (or
memorize) Al-Ma'idah ' I answered `Yes.' She said, `It was the
last Surah to be revealed. Therefore, whatever permissible
matters you find in it, then consider (treat) them permissible.
And whatever impermissible matters you find in it, then consider
(treat) them impermissible.''' Al-Hakim said, "It is Sahih
according to the criteria of the Two Shaykhs and they did not
record it. ''
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdur-Rahman bin Mahdi related
that Mu`awiyah bin Salih added this statement in the last
Hadith, "I (Jubayr) also asked `A'ishah about the Messenger of
Allah's conduct and she answered by saying, `The Qur'an.''' An-
Nasa'i also recorded it. [Tafseer Ibn Kathir]
(O you who believe! Approach not the Salah (the prayer) when
you are in a drunken state until you know (the meaning of) what
you utter.)﴿4:43 ﴾Then, the people would drink before the time of
the prayer so that they would attend the prayer while sober. A
firmer Ayah was later revealed,
(They ask you about alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In them
is a great sin.'')﴿2:219 ﴾`Umar was summoned and this Ayah was
recited to him, but he still said, "O Allah! Make the verdict of
46
Khamr clear to us.'' Then the Ayah in Surat An-Nisa' was
revealed,
(O you who believe! Do not approach the Salah when you are in a
drunken state.)﴿4:43 ﴾Thereafter, the Prophet had someone
herald when it was time to pray, "Those in a drunken state are
not to approach the prayer.'' `Umar was again summoned and
the Ayah was recited to him, but he still said, "O Allah! Make the
verdict concerning Khamr clear to us.'' Then, the Ayah in Surat
Al-Ma'idah ﴿5:91 ﴾was revealed, and `Umar was summoned and
it was recited to him. When he reached the part of the Ayah that
reads,
(So, will you not then abstain)﴿5:91﴾, `Umar said, "We abstained,
we abstained.'' Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i recorded
this Hadith. `Ali bin Al-Madini and At-Tirmidhi graded it Sahih.
It is recorded in the Two Sahihs, that `Umar bin Al-Khattab said
in a speech; while standing on the Minbar of the Messenger of
Allah (in the Prophet's Masjid in Al-Madinah) "O people! The
prohibition of Khamr was revealed; and Khamr was extracted
from five things: From grapes, dates, honey, wheat and barley.
Khamr is what intoxicates the mind.'' Al-Bukhari recorded that
Ibn `Umar said, "The prohibition of Khamr was revealed when
there were five kinds of intoxicants in Al-Madinah, besides what
was produced from grapes.'' [Tafseer Ibn Kathir]
47
4. Muhammad (s) has come to clarify matters, lest one say
―no warner‖ has come to us. Narration about Musa (a) and
his people, his people signifying the lack of devotion to
fight in the cause of Allah (swt).
10. Allah (swt) could have made us all one Ummah, but he
provided us with different understandings of the same
truth collectively. Instead of fighting over this, we should
all hasten ourselves to do well.
11. Do not take those who take your Deen as mockery and
play as protectors. This, because these folks have no
intentions of connecting with Allah (swt). So no one
should turn their back, as this means turning away from
48
Laws of Allah (swt) which is act of ignorance.
13. Both Isa (a) and his mother consumed food, and were like
every other mortal. This is termed as a sign for those who
will give thought.
14. The people who possess the book are told not to commit
excess in their Deen, and not follow erroneous views.
Certainly Allah (swt) will guard Al-Qur‘an revealed to
Muhammad (s) from all discrepancies.
15. None should forbid the things what Allah (swt) has made
lawful for oneself.
49
20. When it is said to people to believe what Allah (swt) has
revealed, they respond by saying that we will, on the
contrary, follow what their forefathers followed.
50
6. Surah Al-An'am (The Cattle)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-An'am In Summarized
Form
Period of Revelation
51
Additionally, the two great supporters of the Prophet, Abu Talib
and his wife Khadijah (rh) were no longer there to help him, so
he was deprived of all worldly support.
1. Allah (swt) created the heaven and earth but the non-
believers call others equal to Allah (swt).
2. Allah‘s (swt) punishment came upon those who denied the
truth.
3. On the Day of Judgment the Mushrikin will admit their
guilt.
4. Those who deny the Hereafter they are the real losers.
Non-believers ridiculed Allah's (swt) Prophets, but in the
end the truth prevailed.
5. Nations were warned before. Allah (swt) did try them in
various ways.
6. Believers should be respected.
7. Allah (swt) is the Final judge and He will decide the
destiny of the individuals or nations.
8. Allah‘s (swt) majesty, power and might.
9. Prophet Ibrahim‘s (a) arguments against Shirk.
10. Other Prophets also gave the message of Tawhid.
11. Allah's (swt) revelation to His Prophets.
12. Allah's (swt) signs in the creation.
13. Allah (swt) has no partner, no son.
14. Arrogance of the non-believers and their opposition to the
15. Prophets. Do not eat the animals slaughtered in the name
of anyone other than Allah (swt).
16. Those who plot against Allah (swt), they suffer
themselves.
52
17. Superstitions of the Mushrikin.
18. Allah's (swt) gifts for humanity and people's self-imposed
prohibitions.
19. What are the things that Allah (swt) has forbidden?
20. Collective principles of Islam.
21. The true religion: prayer, sacrifice, life, death, everything
must be for Allah (swt).
Subject Matter of the Surah
So, this Surah mainly discusses the different aspects of the major
articles of the faith in Islam. It gives beautiful description of
Allah's creative power. It criticizes Shirk and its manifestations.
To summarize it all, the basic topics discussed are:-
1. Unity of Allah (swt) is the reality of this existential world.
2. Polytheism has no foundation.
3. Prophet Ibrahim (s) preached Tauhid. Other Prophets
also gave the same message.
53
4. Allah's (swt) judgment will come and the truth will
prevail.
5. Allah (swt) gives right guidance about food and other
matters of life.
Interconnection of the Topics
Ayats 155 to 160: The Jews here have been urged to compare the
teachings of the Qur‘an with those of At-Taurat (the Torah) so
that they might recognize their similarity. They were criticized in
ayats 144 – 147 along with the pagan Arabs. They were warned to
give up their lame excuses and adopt the Guidance of the Qur‘an
to escape the retribution on the Day of Resurrection.
Ayats 161 to 165: This part is the conclusion of the Surah. The
Prophet Muhammad (s) has been instructed in a beautiful and
forceful manner to proclaim the true Articles of Islam along with
its implications without any fear. The ultimate purpose of the life
of a Prophet and an ordinary believer is to declare: My prayer,
my sacrifice, my living and my dying are all for Allah, the Lord of
the worlds (ayah 162). Man has been made Caliph (vicegerent)
on earth - ayah 165.
Al-`Awfi, `Ikrimah and `Ata' said that Ibn `Abbas said, ―Surat
Al-An`am was revealed in Makkah‖' At-Tabarani recorded that
Ibn `Abbas said, ―All of Surat Al-An`am was revealed in Makkah
at night, accompanied by seventy thousand angels, raising their
voices in glorification of Allah‖ As-Suddi said that Murrah said
that `Abdullah said, ―Surat Al-An`am was revealed in the
company of seventy thousand angels.‖ [Tafseer Ibn Kathir]
56
7. Do not use foul language to insult those are ignorant, one
should have patience to constraint his/her misgivings of
the self.
57
7. Surah Al-A‟raf (A Hill Between Hell and Paradise;
The Elevated Places; The Heights)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-A‟raf In Summarized Form
Suratul A‗araf takes its name from the ayats 46 and 48. This
Surah is closely connected with the previous Surah, both
chronologically and with regard to the subject. It consists of 24
ruku‘ (section) having 206 ayats.
Period of Revelation
The story of Adam (a) and Iblis (the Shaitan) has again been
repeated in this Surah to point out that man is weak by nature
and he is easily misguided by the Shaitan who is an eternal and
open enemy of man. Therefore, human needs constant prophetic
guidance to guard against the tactics of Shaitan and to keep them
on the right path.
The warning of Nuh (a) was rejected by his generation, and they
were destroyed in the Flood. Hud (a) was resisted and refused by
his own people 'Ad, but they were swept away by a terrible blast.
Their successors, the Thamud, were puffed up with pride and
injustice, but behold! An earthquake buried them for their sins
after Salih (a) had warned them from Allah (swt).
With a rain of brimstone and fire were overwhelmed the Cities of
the Plain for their unexampled lusts, against which Lut (a) did
warn them.
Ayats 11 to 25: Here the story of Adam (a) is mentioned. Like the
case of Adam (a) and Hawa (a) [Adam and Eve], Shaitan is ready
to mislead us too. The opposition of Evil to Good is illustrated by
the story of Iblis with our father and mother of all. The story
teaches men of their spiritual past. Iblis fell from jealousy and
arrogance, and Adam (a) fell because he listened to his deceit.
Ayats 199 to 206: Prophet Muhammad (s) and his followers are
instructed here on how they should adopt attitude against those
who reject the Message and deviate from it.
Let us first give the interpretations of the ayats about Araf and
people entitled to Araf, which reads in the Surah Al-Araf before
explaining Araf itself. There are some ayats about Araf in the
Holy Book Qur‘an after the ayats, which are made
mention of the conversations between the companions of Hell
and the companions of Paradise.
[And when their eyes are turned towards the companions of Hell,
they say (in dread of that state): "Our Lord! Do not include us
among the people of the wrongdoing!"
The people of the Heights call out to some men (who were the
leaders of unbelief in the world, and) whom they recognize by
their marks (on their countenances), saying: "(Now you see that)
neither your numbers and the wealth you amassed nor your
growing arrogance and vanity have availed you!"
63
(Pointing to the companions of Paradise, they continue): "Are
those not the ones of whom you swore that God would not favor
them with mercy?" (For now it is they who have been told)
"Enter Paradise; you will have no fear, nor will you grieve."] (Al-
Araf Surah, 7:47-49)
Araf is the plural form of the word Arf. There are so many
explanations about Araf in the interpretations. However, the
common conception mostly accepted by the annotators is Arafs
being a curtain, a high wall, and a hill between Hell and Paradise.
According to Ibni Abbas, it is a balcony (surrounding minaret)
up on the Sirat Bridge (bridge, which is thin, straight, and sharp
will be laid across Hell with Gods command).
Hazrath Hasan Basri says;
These are the people who were assigned by the command of
Allah (swt) to allocate the companions of Hell and the
companions of Paradise. I swear it is true; they might be among
us today.
The reason why the people in the Araf are called as Araf is their
recognizing humans for their actions. And again as it is explained
in the interpretations, when Allah (swt) balances good and evil
deeds in the scale (Mizan) and distinguishes companions of
paradise from companions of Hell, He will make those wait for
quite some time whose good and evil deeds are equal. Those who
are going to be next to the Sirat Bridge will know the
companions of Hell and the companions of Paradise. When they
will see the companions of Paradise, they will say, Allah‘s peace
and blessings be upon you. When they‘ll turn to the left side
they‘ll see the companions of Hell and by seeking refuge in Allah
(swt) - will supplicate as, O Allah do not let us be among those
atrocious. After done with companions of Hell and companions
of Paradise, Allah (swt) will forgive them with His Mercy and will
put them into the Paradise. (3)
Sources:
Surah Al-A`raf , 47-49.
2. et-Tefsirul-Kebir, 14:87.
3- (Taberi Tefsiri) 8:136-139.
4. A. g. e.
Balaam in the Qur‟an: The Story of Bul`am bin Ba`ura
Relate to them the story of the man to whom We sent Our signs,
but he passed them by: so Satan followed him up, and he went
astray.
If it had been Our will, We should have elevated him with Our
signs; but he inclined to the earth, and followed his own vain
desires. His similitude is that of a dog: if you attack him, he lolls
out his tongue, or if you leave him alone, he (still) lolls out his
65
tongue. That is the similitude of those who reject Our signs; So
relate the story; perchance they may reflect.
— Qur'an, Surah 7 (Al-A'raf), ayat 175–176
66
Shaykh Fawzaan about him: This man was a scholar from the
children of Israel. “Him to whom We gave Our Ayat”. He
was a scholar from the children of Israel. And he was a person
whose supplication was answered, because he knew the greatest
Name. He knew Allah‘s greatest Name, which if called upon with
this name He will answer the supplication.
2. Ar-Ra`d (13):15
5. Maryam (19):58
6. Al-Ĥaj (22):18
7. Al-Ĥaj (22):77
8. Al-Furqān (25):60
68
14. Al-'Inshiqāq (84):21
Courtesy:
https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/2267/how-
many-sajdas-are-in-quran
2. This is the first Surah to mention Nuh (a), Hud (a), Salih
69
(a), Lut (a), Shu'ayb (a) – each outlining a segment of the
society that these messengers went to reform. A warning
is given to the unbelievers about the consequences of their
denial through citing the example of punishments which
were inflicted upon former people for their wrong attitude
towards their Prophets.
9. The fact that Muhammad (s) is the Rasool for the all of
mankind.
10. The fact that the advent of Muhammad (s) was described
in At-Taurat ( Torah) and the Injil (Gospel /Bible).
71
8. Surah Al-Anfal (The Spoils of War)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Anfal In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah comes from the first ayah, ―Al-Anfal‖
which also means the bounties along the meaning, ―The Spoils of
War‖. The subject of the Surah is Jihad and Peace. It describes
the general principles of war and peace reviewing the Battle of
Badr. It forms a pair with the next Surah, At-Tawbah. This
Surah is number 88 according to the order of revelation.
Period of Revelation
72
6. Be firm and united in the combat against the enemy.
7. Victory of the Believers against the unbelievers. Allah
(swt) does not change His blessings unless people change
themselves.
8. Be prepared always to defend yourself and your people.
Make peace if the enemy is inclined towards peace.
9. Almighty Allah's promise to help the Believers.
10. Treatment of the prisoners of war and obligations towards
Muslims living among non-Muslims.
The Prophet (s) also felt greater affinity with the Jews than with
the polytheists of Makkah. As a rule he always showed preference
to the customs and practices of the People of the Book over those
of the polytheists. But somehow the Jewish rabbis and scholars
were irked by the Prophet's preaching of pure monotheism and
moral uprightness, let alone his scathing criticism of the
deviations which appeared in Jewish belief and conduct. They
were constantly engaged, therefore, in efforts to sabotage the
new religious movement. In this respect, they left no stone
unturned. They collaborated with the hypocrites who were
apparently an integral part of the Muslim body-politic.
To serve the same end they fanned flames to rejuvenate the old
animosities between the Aws and Khazraj which had brought
about bloodshed and fratricide in pre-Islamic times. They
attempted to hatch conspiracies against Islam in collaboration
74
with the Quraysh and other tribes. What was all the more
deplorable was that they indulged in these nefarious activities
despite their treaty of friendship and co-operation with the
Prophet (s).
When the Battle of Badr took place, they took it for granted that
the Muslims would not be able to survive the very first attack of
the Quraysh. However, when the outcome of the battle dashed
their hopes, they became all the more spiteful. Apprehending
that the victory in the Battle of Badr would help the Muslims
consolidate their position, they carried out their hostile activities
against Islam even more vigorously. Ka'b b. Ashraf, a Jewish
chief, went to Makkah personally and recited stirring elegies for
their dead warriors with a view to provoking the Quraysh into
hostile action against the Muslims. It was the same Ka'b b.
Ashraf who considered the Muslim victory in the Battle of Badr
such a catastrophe that he regarded death to be better than life.
In his own words: 'The belly of the earth has become preferable
to us than its back.' (Ibn Hisham, vol. 2. p. 51 - Ed.)
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abbas said, ―Al-Anfal are the spoils
of war.‖ Al-Bukhari also recorded that Said bin Jubayr said, ―I
said to Ibn Abbas, Surat Al-Anfal‘ He said, ‗It was revealed
concerning (the battle of) Badr.‖‘ (Fath Al-Bari 8:156)
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported, as Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn
Abbas without a chain of narration, that Ibn Abbas said, ―Al-
Anfal are the spoils of war; they were for the Messenger of Allah,
and none had a share in them.‖ (At-Tabari 13:378)
76
each other. The true virtues necessary for fighting the
rightway is the Sabr/Patience and Dhikr to build strength
and stillness in the heart.
4. It has been impressed upon Muslims that the victory was
due to the help of Allah (swt), rather than their own
valour, so that Muslims would learn to rely on Almighty
Allah alone and obey Allah (swt) and His Messenger.
Muhajirs and Ansars loved each other for the sake of
Almighty Allah.
5. Instructions regarding the laws of peace and war.
Instructions are given regarding the war booty. It is
mentioned that they should gratefully accept with
gratitude their share, and willingly accede the share,
which Allah (swt) sets apart for His cause, and for the help
of the needy.
6. Attention was made to detail to prepare for battle and
adversity – this Surah has directions on the treatment of
prisoners of war, and maintaining the solidarity of the
Muslim community.
7. One should love and obey Allah (swt) and His Rasool (s)
and thus prevent discord based on Self or Ego based
dissatisfaction. Muslims should learn to their best to
reform themselves to resurface their weakness in
immorality that can arise in a battle.
8. One should purify from greed for the booty of this world
in war and peace and strive in peace and war only to
please Allah in words, actions and thoughts. One can
achieve it by releasing oneself from the love of dunya and
material goods.
77
9. Surah At Taubah (The Repentance)
Concise Tafseer of Surah At-Taubah In Summarized
Form
Period of Revelation
It was revealed when there was the time of the Battle of Tabuk. It
was not revealed completely at once; it was revealed in different
parts. Some of its parts were revealed at the start of the war;
some during the war and some parts at the end of this war.
According to Sahih Muslim, Surah Taubah is the last Surah,
which was revealed from Allah (swt).
The context of the Surah has the series of evens pertaining to the
conditions which took place after the Peace Treaty of
Hudaibiyah. By that time, one-third of Arabia had come under
the control of Islam.
79
entering Masjid-al-Haram.
5. The mushrikeen are the Jews and Christians who call Ezra
and Jesus the sons of God Almighty. Do not be like Rabbis
and Priests who misappropriate the wealth of people. The
number of months in the book of Allah is 12, of which 4
are sacred (according to the authentic traditions are the
months of Dhu'l-Qa'dah, Dhu‘l Hijjah, Muharram and
Rajab).
6. Allah's (swt) order to bear arms against the unbelievers, if
necessary.
7. Those who do not participate in Jihad are hypocrites.
Excuses of the hypocrites for not bearing arms against the
Unbelievers.
8. Categories for the distribution of Zakah. The order of
Allah (swt) not to molest the Prophet (s). End of those
who oppose Almighty Allah and the Prophet (s).
Punishment for those who make fun of the religion.
9. Hypocritical actions and their punishment. Believers'
actions and their rewards.
10. Allah's order to make Jihad against hypocrites and
unbelievers. Behavior of the hypocrites.
11. The hypocrites did not join the war against the
unbelievers. Prohibition of offering Funeral prayer for the
hypocrites.
12. Genuine exemptions from the battlefront. Those who
make excuses to avoid serving in armed struggle for the
cause of Almighty Allah when needed, are hypocrites.
13. Categories of hypocrisies. Commandment for the
collection of Zakah. The hypocrites built a Masjid, called
"Masjid-e-Zirar," for mischievous motives.
80
14. Allah (swt) has purchased the persons and wealth of the
Believers in lieu of granting them the Paradise. Do not
seek forgiveness for the Mushrikeen. Allah (swt) forgave
those three who lagged behind but were sincere.
15. Believers are those who prefer the life of the Rasool over
their own. Requirement of obtaining understanding of
religion.
16. Fight the disbelievers and be aware that Almighty Allah is
with pious.
Subject Matter of the Surah
3rd discourse (ayats 73-129): These were sent on the return from
the campaign of Tabuk. The discourse warns the hypocrites of
their evil deeds and rebukes those believers who stayed behind in
the campaign of Tabuk. Then after observing the believers
through trial, Allah (swt) pardoned them who had not taken part
81
in the Jihad out of His mercy which yielded from their
repentance.
Ayats (1-12): These ayats deal with the rules and regulations of a
sanctioned treaty or treaties in case one party disagree to observe
them sincerely.
Ayats (13-37): Here Muslim has been urged to fight in the way of
Almighty Allah against Arab Mushreeks, the Jews and the
Christians who refused to follow the ordained rule of Allah (swt).
As they both hold their principle nabi as son of Allah (swt).
When Hadrat Uthman radi allahu ‗anhu was asked why there
was no bismillah at the beginning of Surah al-Tawba like how
there is bismillah at the beginning of other Surahs, he replied
that there was some doubt as to this Surah being a separate
Surah, because Nabi sallallahu ‗alaihi wa sallam passed away
without explicitly mentioning anything regarding it. This is why
Bismillah was not written at the beginning of Surah Taubah.
However, since its subject-matter is similar to that of Surah Al-
Anfal, it was placed after it and a space for Bismillah has been
kept because it is possible that this is a separate Surah.
[Tirmizi, Vol 2, Pg.139]
From the above we learn that the reason for not writing
‗Bismillah‘ at the beginning of Surah At-Tawbah lies in the
probability that Surah At-Tawbah may not be an independent
Surah but being part of Surah Al-Anfal. On this basis Muslim
jurists have said that a person who was already been reciting
Surah Al-Anfal from above and is going to begin Surah At-
Tawbah then he or she should not recite Bismillah. But a person,
who is starting his or her recitation of the Holy Qur‘an or from
somewhere in the middle of Surah Tawbah should say
‗Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim‖. [Ma'ariful Qur'an p.300-
p.302 v.4]
84
Uzair (Ezra) lived during the period around 450 B.C. The Jews
regarded him with great reverence as the revivalist of their
Scriptures which had been lost during their captivity in Babylon
after the death of Prophet Sulaiman a (Solomon). After they had
lost all the knowledge of their law and their traditions and of
Hebrew which is their national language, Ezra re-wrote the Old
Testament and revived the law. That is why they used very
exaggerated language in his reverence which misled some of the
Jewish sects to make him ‗the son of God‘. The Qur‘an, however,
does not assert that all the Jews were unanimous in declaring
Ezra as the son of God. What it intends to say is that the
perversion in the articles of faith of the Jews concerning Allah
had degenerated to such an extent that there were some amongst
them who considered Ezra as the son of God. [TafHimul
Qur‟an]
86
10. Surah Yunus (Jonah)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Yunus (Jonah) In
Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
87
5. Those who disbelieve in the Qur'an shall be the losers.
Every people were sent a Messenger.
6. The Qur'an is a mercy, blessing and a cure for the
problems of humankind.
7. Whatever you do Lord Almighty is a Witness. The
mistakes of the Mushrikin.
8. Story of the Prophet Nuh (a) and his people. Rasools were
sent to the descendants of the Prophet Nuh (a) –
similarly. The Prophets Musa (a) and Harun (a) were sent
to Pharaoh.
9. Allah (swt) delivered the Children of Israel from the
bondage of the Pharaoh.
10. Almighty Allah's mercy for the Children of Israel. Prophet
Yunus (a) and his people.
11. If Allah (swt) afflicts you with any loss or wants to bestow
any profit on you, none can avert it. You must always
follow Allah's guidance.
Subject Matter of the Surah
The former Surah, that is ―Repentance‖, dealt with the acts of the
hypocrites as well as their punishment, while this Surah refers to
the acts of polytheists. This Surah represents objections of
pagans of Makkah against the Qur‘an, and responds to them. The
pagans said that Muhammad (s) was a "manifest sorcerer" and
that he fabricated the Qur‘an. They also challenged the Prophet
(s) to immediately bring the punishment of Allah (swt), if his
claim was true. They also demanded that Muhammad (s) to
change the Qur‘an to no longer condemn their practice of
idolatry and using intercessors when worshipping Allah (swt).
The Surah Yunus mainly points out to the various signs for the
people that could lead them to the truth. It also contains stories
of the Prophets Nuh (a) and Musa (a). The stories of those
Prophets are told to remind people about the consequences of
88
unfaithfulness and arrogance.
The Surah also mentions the People of Jonah [Yunus (a)], who at
first rejected Jonah's message, but then repented and believed.
Therefore, unlike the qawm of Nuh (a) and Musa (a), they were
averted from Lord Almighty's punishment. The Surah then
reminds our beloved prophet Muhammad (s) if he had any doubt
about the truth of what was revealed to him, he could ask other
People of the Book (i.e. the Jews and the Christians) who would
be able to confirm the Qur‘an's account of these people of the
past.
At the end of the Surah, Prophet Muhammad (s) is told to tell the
people that the truth has come. Whoever chooses to follow the
right path does so for his/her own benefit and whoever strays do
so at his/her own risk. The prophet (s) is not set over his qawm
to oblige them for guidance. Lord Almighty tells Prophet
Muhammad (s) to follow what has been revealed to him and to
be patient until He judges. Allah (swt) is the best of judges.
89
Ayats 21 to 37: These are reminders that it is as important for
man to remember Allah (swt) in times of ease as it is to
remember Him in times of distress. This life is a test and trial for
us one should use his/her time here on earth so that he/she can
harvest enough provision to take with him/her before dying. One
should make full use of this opportunity of this life. This Kitab
(al-Qur‘an) is the confirmation of what was before it and a
detailed explanation of the [former] Scripture.
90
and the Pharaoh‘s magicians. The ‗daʿwah‘ (propagation of faith)
of Musa (a) and Nuḥ (a) relates the eventual consequence of
those not adhering the way of Divine Guidance.
Throughout this long Surah, only one ayah out of the 109 ayats
make mention of the nation Yunus 'alayhi'l-salam (peace be upon
him) was sent to despite the Surah being named after him. The
prophet Yunus 'alayhi'l-salam (peace be upon him) was sent to
the people of Naynawa (Nineveh) in Mosul (modern day
Northern Iraq). This group of people did not believe in his
91
message of Tauhid at first but later they did as described in this
ayah. When Yunus 'alayhi'l-salam (peace be upon him) found
that his people had disbelieved, he was perturbed and annoyed
because they had rejected his call and so he left them. However,
soon Allah guided the hearts of his people and they realized their
mistakes and went out to the desert asking for Allah‘s
forgiveness. On this, Allah spared them from the punishment.
Allah says in the Qur‘an,
―Was there any town that believed (after seeing the
punishment), and its faith saved it Except the people of Yunus;
when they believed, We removed from them the torment of
disgrace in the life of the world, and permitted them to enjoy for
a while.‖ (Surah Yunus, 10:98)
However, the people of the ship did not want to throw him out of
the ship. So, he took off his garment so that he could throw
himself into the sea, and they tried to stop him. Allah says:
َ ِان م َِن ْالم ُْد َحض
ٌن َ ― َف َسـ َه َم َف َكThen he (agreed to) cast lots, and he was
among the losers.‖ (Surah As-Saaffaat 37:141)
After he threw himself into the sea, Allah sent from the Green
Sea — according to what Ibn Masud said — a large fish which
cleaved the oceans until it came and swallowed Yunus. Allah
inspired that large fish not to devour his flesh or break his bones.
When in the belly of the fish, Prophet Yunus (peace be upon him)
92
realized his mistake and called out to Allah:
ٌِن َّ نت م َِن
َ الظـلِم َ ت أَن الَّ إِلَـ َه إِالَّ أَنتَ ُسب َْحـ َن
ُ ك إِ ِّنى ُك ُّ …― َف َنا َدى فِىhe cried
ِ الظل ُ َمـ
through the depths of darkness (saying): ―There is no God but
You, Glorified be You! Truly, I have been of the wrongdoers.‖
(Surah Ambiya, 21:87)
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Saad reported that the Messenger of
Allah said:
َ ― » َفإِ َّن ُه لَ ْم ٌَ ْد ُع ِب َها مُسْ لِ ٌم َر َّب ُه فًِ َشًْ ٍء َق ُّط إِ َّال اسْ َت َجWhoever offers
اب َله
supplication in the words of the supplication of Yunus, will be
answered.‖ Abu Saeed said: ―The prophet (s) was referring to this
ayah:
ي ِِ ِ ِ― َكذلAnd thus We do deliver (save) the believers.‖
َ ك نُنجـى الْ ُم ْؤمن َ
(Surah Ambiya 21:88)
6. Don‘t Revert to Your Old State When the Test is over. And
when affliction touches man, he calls upon Allah; but
when affliction gets removed, one continues [in
disobedience] as if he had never been in affliction before.
Surah Hud is a Makki Surah which obtain its title from the
reference to the story of Prophet Hud (a), who was sent to the
‗Ad people. The story can be found in ayats 50 to 60. It has 123
ayats and 10 Ruku‘(Section).
Period of Revelation
96
6. The Message of Prophet Saleh (a), the Sign of the She-
Camel, and end of Thamud.
7. Prophet Ibrahim (a) receives the angles. The angels then
went to Prophet Lut (a). The punishment of the people of
Lut(a).
8. Prophet Shu'aib (a) and his message, his people's denial
and their punishment.
9. Prophet Musa (a) was sent to Pharaoh and his people. The
purpose of these stories.
10. Prophets were denied before. Continue presenting the
message with patience. Had Allah (swt) forced His will
upon the people, He would have made them all one
people.
Subject Matter of the Surah
Ayats 25 to 49 tell the story of Noah (Nuh a) and how his people
did not believe his commands to follow Lord Almighty. The
unbelievers are drowned in a flood, which includes Noah's son;
Noah asks Almighty God about this act, but He rebukes
Noah as being ignorant and says that Noah's son is "not a
member of his family." Surah 66, At-Tahrim, elaborates on
this and says that Noah's wife is an unbeliever in hell who was
unfaithful to her husband.
97
Ayats 50 to 60 deals with the prophet Hud (a). He was sent to the
Ad, an Omani tribe which according to history crumbled
sometime between the 3rd and 6th century AD. The Ad do not
believe Hud, and Hud (a) and those who do believe are rescued
by Allah (swt), followed by God Almighty inflicting a "dreadful
doom" on them so that they were "accursed in the world."
98
At the end, Surah discusses the general theme once more, with
occasional references to Musa (a). The harsh punishment is
explained as "We did not wrong them; they wronged
themselves." Other gods are decried as false, powerless, and
useless. Believers are commanded to walk the straight path and
follow Lord Almighty, and those who disbelieve will suffer in
Hell.
Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi recorded from Ibn `Abbas that Abu Bakr
said, "O Messenger of Allah, verily your hair has turned gray.''
The Prophet replied,
(Surahs Hud, Al-Waqi`ah, Al-Mursalat, `Amma Yatasa'lun ﴿An-
Naba'﴾ and Idhash-Shamsu Kuwwirat ﴿At-Takwir have turned my
hair gray. In another narration he said,
(Surah Hud and its sisters...) [Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
Prophet Hud (a) was sent by Allah on the people of ‗Ad, they
were very clever and great architects, they had built the
mansions and everything beautifully. They had known a lot
about the world but less about the Allah, so Allah sent Prophet
Hud (a) to them.
The people of Adam were living between Oman and Yemen. They
were all builders and physically well-built. However, they were
under the leadership of a dictator and were worshipping Allah
99
and as well as other creatures.
Then, Allah sent to Earth, Prophet Hud (a) to guide these people
to His path. He told the people not to practice idolatry and
worship Allah (swt) alone. However, his message did not
convince them and, instead, he was questioned whether he
wanted to be a master and wanted money for his motive.
Hud (a) refused and wanted to them to follow the path of Allah
and that Allah blessed them with strength. Despite being aware,
the wealthy people were still arrogant and ungrateful but did not
believe him.
Hud (a) reminded them of Nuh (a)‘s Ark and what happened if
they did not obey the words of Allah. Years passed, the people
became more arrogant and proud believing that the idols were
their Gods who protect them. Everybody believed that Hud (a)
was crazy, mocked him and accused him of hurting their ‗Gods‘.
Confident and proud, the people asked Hud (a) for judgment of
their actions on Earth which Hud (a) was preaching.
All the disbelievers‘ bodies were torn away by the winds that
lasted 8 days and 7 nights. The people who believed Hud (a) were
unharmed and migrated to Yemen to worship Allah (swt) alone.
Ibn Kathir tells us that the violent gale did not stop until the
entire region, once lush and green was reduced to ruins and
100
swallowed by the sands of the desert. Only Hud (a) and his small
band of followers were saved and were believed to have migrated
to the Hadramaut area of what is today known as Yemen.
According to the Qur‘an, the Ark rested upon Mount Judi, which
is situated to the north-east of Jazirah Ibn Umar in Kurdistan.
But according to the Bible its resting place was Mount Ararat in
Armenia, which is one of the ranges of mountains of the same
name that extends from Armenia to southern Kurdistan.
Now let us consider the question: Did the deluge mentioned here
cover the whole earth or was it confined to that particular region
where Prophet Noah (peace be upon him) lived?
102
4. Patience and good deeds bring the stability in character.
103
12. Surah Yusuf [Joseph (Yusuf „alaihis salam )]
Concise Tafseer of Surah Yusuf In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
The first one is his uncle Abu Talib's death. Abu Talib was the
only father figure he had left and one of the people who protected
him from the harms of society. The second tragedy would come
with his beloved first wife, Khadijah's (rh) death.
At that time some of the unbelievers put this question to test
him, ―Why did the Israelites go to Egypt?‖ Probably it was asked
by the instigation of Jews, they knew that their story was known
to the Arabs.
104
whatever in their traditions and the Prophet had never even
referred to it before.
The story of the Surah begins with the dream of Yusuf (a) when
he describes his dream to Yaqub (a), where he saw, 11 stars - the
sun, and the moon prostrating to him. Yusuf (a) was the son of
Yaqub (a) [Jacob] and grandson of Ishaq (a) [Isaac] and a great
grandson of Ibrahim (a) [Abraham]. According to the research
scholars of Bible, Yusuf (a) [Joseph] was born in or about 906
BC. The timeline of the story starts at 890 BC. The Hyksos King
that ruled over Egypt at that time was Apophis.
They wanted to get rid of Yusuf, so their father could love them
instead of Yusuf. Their initial plan was to kill Yusuf, but later
they decided to throw him in a well. They lied to their father and
told him that a wolf had killed him. Later, a caravan rescued
Yusuf from the well, who then sold him to a man in Egypt. The
man took Yusuf in and was hoping to either put him to work or
adopt him as a son. Later, the man's wife tries to seduce Yusuf,
but he resists. The woman seeing his resistance accuses Yusuf of
wanting to harm her and demands that he should either be
punished severely or sent to jail.
A witness, after Yusuf defends his innocence, testifies "if his shirt
is torn from the front, then she has told the truth, and he is of the
liars but if his shirt is torn from the back, then she has lied, and
he is of the truthful." The shirt was indeed torn from the back.
Soon after this accident, the women of the city talk of how the
wife of the King is seeking to seduce Yusuf. The wife of 'Al-Aziz
invite them to a banquet and give one of each a knife and then
106
tells Yusuf to come out. The women cut their hands in
astonishment. 'She said, "That is the one about whom you
blamed me. And I certainly sought to seduce him, but he firmly
refused; and if he will not do what I order him, he will surely be
imprisoned and will be of those debased. Yusuf (a) prefers prison
to what they call him so he prayed to God Almighty. Yusuf is sent
to prison.
In the prison, Yusuf met two other men and interprets one of the
prisoner's dreams. The prisoner is then released and Yusuf asked
the prisoner to mention his talent to the king. One day, the King
had a dream, and the prisoner who had been released earlier
remembers and mentions Yusuf. He interprets the King's dream,
which is about Egypt having a seven-year drought. To reward
him, the King requests his release from jail and the King also
investigates his case. The wife who tried to seduce Yusuf (a)
testifies that he was innocent, and the truth unveils. Later on
after Yusuf (a) was appointed minister of finance by Ar-Rayyan
bin Al-Walid by the King of Egypt at the time. And after that
Allah (swt) gave him the authority of Egypt as King.
108
result of this the Egyptian converts to Islam would not only have
changed their religion but also their culture so as to make them
look quite different from the other Egyptians and look like the
Israelites. Naturally the non-Muslim Egyptians would have
declared them to be foreigners just as the Hindus treat the
Indian Muslims of today.
―And I charged your judges at that time, saying: Hear the causes
between your brethren, and judge righteously between every
man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.‖ (Deut. 1:
16). Now it is not an easy thing to find out the exact term which
was applied in the original Scriptures to the Egyptian converts to
Islam, and which was afterwards changed into the stranger by
the translators.
The fact that this Qur‘an has been revealed in the Arabic
language makes it imperative for everyone who cares about
religion to learn it. According to Imam Shafe`i, learning Arabic is
an obligation upon every Muslim. As mentioned by Alusi, Ibn
Taymiyyah has reported Imam Abu Yusuf as of the opinion that
whoever can manage some Arabic ought not to speak in any
other language.
Majid writes about the power of the Qur‘anic Arabic: ―Hardly any
language seems capable of exercising over the minds of its users
such irresistible influence as Arabic ... the triumph of Islam was
to a certain extent the triumph of a language, more particularly
of a book.‘ (Hitti, A Short History of the Arabs, pp.90-91)
The few sentences that were uttered by Prophet Joseph (a) at the
happiest occasion of his life help depict the most graceful pattern
of the virtues of a true believer. There is the man from the desert,
whom his own brothers had, out of jealousy, attempted to kill,
now sitting on the throne after passing through many
vicissitudes of life. All the members of his family have been
forced by famine to come before him for help.
The same jealous brothers, who had made an attempt on his life,
are now standing before him with downcast heads.
Instead of giving vent to his grievances against his brothers,
making taunts at them for their ill treatment, he does not make
even a mention of such things but puts up a defense for them,
saying that it was all due to Satan, who had stirred up strife
between them: nay, he even puts it forward as a blessing in
disguise, being one of the mysterious ways of Allah by which He
had fulfilled His design of raising him to the throne.
111
1. Knowledge of Dreams: The knowledge of interpreting
dreams is a very important branch of knowledge that Allah
(swt) gives to whom he pleases from His servants. And most
of them (dreams) are based on symbols that are ambiguous
in meaning and in description. For indeed the significance of
the sun, the moon and twelve stars bowing to Yusuf (a), is
that these lights are the beauty of the sky, and from them
emanates benefit. Likewise the prophets and the scholars are
the beauty of this earth, and by them mankind is guided
through darkness just as they do by the light of the stars, the
sun and the moon.
3. more than them. This was the reason why Yaqub (a) stopped
Yusuf (a) from telling the dream that he saw to his brothers.
112
impermissible: The permissibly of informing others of the
difficulties one is enduring, as long as this is not done in a
manner that indicates one is annoyed with the decree of
Allah, for the brothers of Yusuf complained, ―O ruler of the
land! A hard time has hit us and our family,‖ and Yusuf (a)
did not object to their statement.
113
10. Save Yourself From Sins: Yusuf (a) was beautiful both
externally and internally. His beauty made women cut their
hands. And his internal beauty was his sabr and not agreeing
on disobeying Almighty Allah. One should be careful to avoid
being secluded with women whom may be a cause of fitnah,
and one should also be cautious of the love for someone that
may be harmful. For the wife of the king did what she did
because of her obsession with Yusuf (a) that lead her to try to
seduce him, tell lies about him and cause him to be
imprisoned for a long time.
12. Sign that our beloved Prophet (s) is truly a messenger from
Almighty Allah: This Surah has the evidences of the
truthfulness of the prophet hood of Prophet Muhammad (s);
for he narrated to his people this long story and he never had
read the previous books nor learned from any one.
114
13. Surah Ar-Ra„d (The Thunder)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ar-Ra‟d In Summarized Form
The Surah takes its name from the word ―ar-ra‘d‖ which appears
in ayah 13, meaning of which is, ―the thunder‖. There is a Sajda-
e-Tilawat in Ayah 15 of this Surah. The Surah has 43 ayats in 6
sections (Ruku‘).
Period of Revelation
Ayats (19-26): Those who fulfill their pledge with Allah (swt) will
have an excellent abode in the Hereafter. Those who break their
pledge will have the curse & a terrible home.
117
Ayats (27-31): It is the remembrance of Allah (swt) that provides
tranquility to hearts. There is no God but Him, all things are
subject to His command.
Ayats (32-37): Allah (swt) watches each and every soul minutely.
The Qur'an is revealed in Arabic for easy understanding.
Allah states that there are angels who take turns guarding each
servant, some by night and some by day. These angels protect
each person from harm and accidents. There are also angels who
take turns recording the good and evil deeds, some angels do this
by day and some by night. There are two angels, one to the right
and one to the left of each person, recording the deeds. The angel
to the right records the good deeds, while the angel to the left
records the evil deeds. There are also two angels that guard and
protect each person, one from the back and one from in front.
Therefore, there are four angels that surround each person by
118
day and they are replaced by four others at night, two scribes and
two guards. An authentic Hadith states,
(Angels take turns around you, some at night and some by day,
and all of them assemble together at the time of the Fajr and
`Asr prayers. Then those who have stayed with you throughout
the night, ascend to Allah Who asks them, and He knows the
answer better than they about you, "How have you left My
servants'' They reply, "As we have found them praying, we have
left them praying.'') Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah said
that the Messenger of Allah said,
(Verily, every one among you has his companion from the Jinn
and his companion from the angels.'') They said, "And you too, O
Allah's Messenger'' He said,
119
Every single person has two angels who write down his deeds,
good and bad, minor and major. Allah says (interpretation of the
meaning):
―But verily, over you (are appointed angels in charge of mankind)
to watch you, Kiraman (Honourable) Katibeen —writing down
(your deeds), They know all that you do.‖ [Al-Infitar; 82:10-
12]
―And indeed We have created man, and We know what his own
self whispers to him. And We are nearer to him than his jugular
vein (by Our Knowledge). (Remember) that the two receivers
(recording angels) receive (each human being), one sitting on the
right and one on the left (to note his or her actions). Not a word
does he (or she) utter but there is a watcher by him ready (to
record it).‖ [Qaf; 50:16-18]
The angel on the right records hasanat (good deeds) and the
angel on the left records sayyiat (bad deeds).
122
Sajdah # 14: Surah Al Inshiqaq (84) Ayah 21
―And when the Qur‘an is read to them, they fall not prostrate,‖
3. Allah (swt) knows the obvious and the unseen: Allah (swt)
knows everything about birth and wombs; He knows both
the obvious and the hidden. Speaking in whispers or being
in the cover of darkness does not conceal anything from
Him. Each person has two guardian angels. God Almighty
will not change the condition of a people unless they
change themselves. If Allah (swt) intends to punish a
people, then no one can prevent it. The only real
123
protection is from Almighty One Himself.
124
bring about the punishment he refers to rather than
asking God for forgiveness. God is full of forgiveness but
also severe in punishment. They stubbornly demand a
miracle of their choice, but Prophet Muhammad (s) is a
warner, nothing more.
125
14. Surah Ibrahim (Prophet Abraham)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ibrahim In Summarized Form
The Surah takes its name from Ayah 35 where the mention of
Prophet Ibrahim (a) was made, but it does not mean that it
contains the life story of Ibrahim (a) as a whole, but considerable
mention is made of Prophet Ibrahim (a) and his prayer for the
city of Makkah and his descendants. It has 52 ayats and 7 Ruku‘
(Section).
Period of Revelation
Ayats (35-41): Prophet Ibrahim (a) prayed for the city of Makkah
and its residents. The prayer of the Prophet Ibrahim (a) was, ―My
Lord! Make me a performer of the prayer and of my offspring
(too): Our Lord! And accept my petition; Our Lord! Forgive me
and my parents, and the believers on the Day when the
reckoning shall come to pass.‖ [14: 40-41] which is made a part
of Muslims five daily prayers.
128
After Ibrahim (a) qualified in all the trials of Allah (swt), He, the
Exalted, decided to make him an Imam meaning a Prophet and
leader and an example for the people to come:
"And remember that Ibrahim was tried by his Lord with certain
Commands, which he fulfilled: He said: "I will make thee an
Imam to the Nations." He pleaded: "And also (Imams) from my
offspring!" He answered: "But My Promise is not within the
reach of evil-doers." [Surah Al Baqarah 2:124]
"...and We granted him his reward in this life; and he was in the
Hereafter (of the company) of the Righteous." [Surah Al
'Ankabut 29:27]
Thus, every Book (Scripture) was given to the Prophets from the
progeny of Ibrahim (a). From Ishaque (a), the second son of
Ibrahim came the Prophets of Israel and their progeny finished
on Isa (a). From Ismail (a), the first son of Ibrahim (a) came only
one Prophet, the superior among them and the seal of them,
which is Prophet Muhammad (s).
131
15. Surah al-Hijr (The Valley of Stone; The Stoneland;
The Rock; The Rocky Tract)
Concise Tafseer of Surah al-Hijr In Summarized Form
The name of this Surah is taken from Ayah 80 where the people
of Salih (a) used to live. Its title comes from the Rocky Tract that
is mentioned in ayats 80 to 84. The majority of scholars believe
this refers to the people of Thamud and the rocky tract is an
allusion to their stone cities. Its topics and style are very similar
to Surah 14, Surah Ibrahim. In this Surah we learn about
Almighty God‘s boundless grace and the inherent danger in
Shaitan‘s plans for humankind. The Surah has 99 ayats in 6
Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
Some of the ayats deal with the origin of the world of existence,
and belief in Him which are brought about by the study of the
secrets of creation. The story of man‘s creation, and the
disobedience of Iblis, as well as his ultimate destiny, is also
exposed.
Ayats (16 - 25): Allah (swt) created and decorated the heavens.
He also created everything suitable for human life on earth.
Ayats (61 - 79): The same angels came to the Prophet Lut (a) and
executed Allah (swt)'s decree of stoning to death the nation of
homosexuals.
The Thamud are another ancient Arab people, next only to the
'Ad in fame. Legends relating to them were quite popular in pre-
Islamic Arabia. In fact poetry and orations of the pre-Islamic
(Jahiliyah) period abound with references to them. They are also
mentioned in the Assyrian inscriptions and in the Greek,
Alexandrian and Roman works of history and geography.
Then Allah tells us that Hell has seven gates: [Al-Hijr: Ayah
44]
136
means, for each gate a portion of the followers of Iblis have been
decreed, and they will have no choice in the matter. May Allah
save us from that. Each one will enter a gate according to his
deeds, and will settle in a level of Hell according to his deeds. Ibn
Abi Hatim recorded that Samurah bin Jundub reported from the
Prophet about,
(for each of those gates is a class assigned.) He said,
(Among the people of Hell are those whom the Fire will swallow
up to the ankles, and those whom it will swallow up to the waist,
and those whom it will swallow up to the collarbone.) The degree
of which will depend upon their deeds. This is like the Ayah;
(for each of those gates is a class assigned.)
Truly, those who have Taqwa, will dwell in Gardens and water
springs. (It will be said to them): "Enter it in peace and security.''
And We shall remove any deep feeling of bitterness from their
breasts. (So they will be like) brothers facing each other on
thrones. No sense of fatigue shall touch them, nor shall they be
asked to leave it. Declare to My servants that I am truly the
Forgiving, the Most Merciful. And that My torment is indeed the
most painful torment. [Al-Hijr: Ayah 45 -50]
[Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
Lut (Lot) is the son of Haran the son of Azar (Terah), and he was
the nephew of Ibrahim, peace be upon them both. Lut had
believed in Ibrahim and migrated with him to the Sham area.
Allah then sent Lut to the people of Sadum (Sodom) and the
surrounding villages, to call them to Allah, enjoin righteousness
and forbid them from their evil practices, their sin, and
137
wickedness. In this area, they did things that none of the children
of Adam or any other creatures ever did before them. They used
to have sexual intercourse with males instead of females. This
evil practice was not known among the Children of Adam before,
nor did it even cross their minds, so they were unfamiliar with it
before the people of Sodom invented it, may Allah's curse be on
them. [Tasir Ibn Kathir]
6. The angels visit the two Prophets Ibrahim (a) and Lut (a):
The Prophet Ibrahim (a) was given the good news of
having a son by the same two angels who were assigned to
destroy the nation of Lut (a). Lut‘s qawm‘s town was
turned upside down and stones of baked clay rained down
upon them.
139
16. An-Nahl (The Honey Bee)
Concise Tafseer of Surah An-Nahl In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
141
12. Prophet Muhammad (s) is a witness over all witnesses.
13. Justice, benevolence, care of the kith and kin are Allah's
commands. He forbids shameful deeds, evil and
aggression.
14. Al-Qur'an is sent by Allah; even the Prophet cannot make
any changes in it.
15. Every soul will be paid in full what it has earned. Halal
and Haram are the authority of Allah the Almighty.
16. The ideal faith of Prophet Ibrahim (a). The best way of
giving da'wah.
Subject Matter of the Surah
This Surah warns against polytheism, saying that the pagan gods
cannot create anything [16:20], and against comparisons
between Allah (swt) and any created beings [16:74]. All praises
come from Almighty Allah for giving the Earth with all its wealth
to mankind. All wonders of the natural world, like seas, stars,
mountains are proofs of God's infinite power [16:14].
142
So, the Surah stresses on the wonders of the Almighty Allah and
deplores the hostile attitude of some men towards the female
child. Allah (swt) enjoins justice, kindness and charity on one‘s
kindred and forbids indecency, wickedness and oppression - in
ayah 90 - which were ordered by the Khalifa Umar Ibn Khattab
(ra), to be regularly recited in every khutbah (sermon) of the
Yaamul Jumu‘ah prayer. The Surah commands believers to call
men to the path of Allah, with kindness, wisdom and gentle
urging.
Ayats (1 - 9): Allah (swt) has sent down His revelations to warn
that there is no God except He Himself. He has created cattle for
the benefit of human beings.
Ayats (10 - 21): It is He Who sends down water from the sky for
drinking and agriculture. He set mountains to stabilize the earth.
Allah (swt) has bestowed so many favors, one cannot even count
them.
Ayats (22 - 25): The unbelievers are arrogant and they will be
held responsible for that attitude.
Ayats (35 - 40): Allah has sent the Rasools to warn against the
143
unbelievers' excuse: "If Allah wanted, we would have not
worshipped anyone else."
Ayats (41 - 50): Allah has promised a good abode for those who
migrate for His sake. Do the unbelievers feel secure against the
wrath of Allah (swt).
Ayats (77 - 83): There are also signs of Allah in the lives of the
birds and the animals.
145
―Those who are near to thy Lord, disdain not to do Him worship:
They celebrate His praises, and bow down before Him.‖
146
―When it is said to them, ―Adore ye (Allah) Most Gracious!‖ they
say, ―And what is (Allah) Most Gracious? Shall we adore that
which thou commandest us?‖ And it increases their flight (from
the Truth).‖
147
Allah tells us that He is controlling the affairs of His servants. He
is the One Who created them out of nothing, then He will cause
them to die. But there are some of them that He allows to grow
old, which is a physical weakness, as Allah says:
(And Allah honored some of you over others with wealth and
properties. Then, those who are so honored will by no means
hand over their wealth and properties to those (captives of war)
whom their right hands possess, so that they may be equal with
them in that. Do they then deny the favor of Allah) (16:71)
[Tafsir ibn Kathir]
(He sets forth a parable for you from yourselves: Do you have
partners among those whom your right hands possess (i.e. your
servant) to share as equals in the wealth We have granted you,
those whom you fear as you fear each other) (30:28) Al-`Awfi
reported that Ibn `Abbas mentioned this Ayah, saying, "Allah is
saying - `If they did not want their servant to have a share with
them in their wealth and wives, how can My servant have a share
with Me in My power' Thus Allah says:
(Do they then deny the favor of Allah)'' (16:71) According to
another report, Ibn `Abbas said: "How can they accept for Me
that which they do not accept for themselves''
(Do they then deny the favor of Allah) meaning, they assign to
Allah a share of the tilth and cattle which He has created. They
denied His blessings and associated others in worship with Him.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "Umar bin Al-Khattab wrote this letter to
Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari: `Be content with your provision in this
world, for the Most Merciful has honored some of His servants
over others in terms of provision as a test of both. The one who
has been given plenty is being tested to see if he will give thanks
to Allah and fulfill the duties which are his by virtue of his
wealth...''' It was reported by Ibn Abi Hatim.
(And Allah has made for you mates of your own kind, and has
made for you, from your mates, sons and grandsons, and has
granted you good provisions. Do they then believe in false deities
and deny favor of Allah) (16: 72) - [Tafsir ibn Kathir]
153
17. Surah Isra (The Night Journey)/ Bani Israel
(Children of Israel)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Isra In Summarized Form
This Surah is about Isra and the Children of Israel. This Surah is
a Al-Musabbihat Surah because it begins with the glorification of
Allah (swt). The Surah takes the name ‗al-Isra‘ from the first
ayah of the Surah. ―Exalted is He who took His Servant by night
from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa‖. The Isra in ‗al-
Isra wal-Mi‘raj‘ – is the first part of the journey which took place
from Makkah to Jerusalem – the ‗Mir‘aj‘ being the ascension
from Jerusalem to the Heavens. The Surah is also referred as
‗Bani Israel‘ – Children of Israel. There is a tilawat-e-sajdah from
Al-Isra ayah 107, but the sajdah should be performed after
reading the ayah 109. The Surah has 111 ayats and 12 Ruku‘
(Sections).
Period of Revelation
their time.
154
3. Moral and spiritual principles are emphasized - Worship
of Lord Almighty and respect of parents.
6. Gentleness is enjoined.
12. The attitude of Pharaoh towards Prophet Musa (a) and the
signs that he showed.
155
The Surah opens with the night journey of the Prophet
Muhammad (s) from sacred Masjid of Makkah to the farthest
Masjid of Jerusalem. The exact location is not specified, although
in Hadith Traditions this is commonly taken to be the Noble
Sanctuary (Temple Mount) in Jerusalem. Some scholars disagree
about this. While the city of Jerusalem (or al-Quds) is not
mentioned by name anywhere in the Qur'an, it is identified in
various Hadith.
The bulk of the Surah Isra deals with two things, the Qur‘an and
Prophet Muhammad (s) and the nature of his prophecy. This
Surah emphasizes that human beings always need divine
guidance. Without the guidance of Allah (swt), humans end up in
evil, sin and misery. So, the primary theme of the Surah is Salah
(daily prayers), whose number is said to have been fixed at five
during the Miraj which it alludes to. In addition, the Surah
forbids adultery, calls for respect for father and mother, and calls
for patience and control in the face of the persecutions the
Muslim community was facing at that time.
The unique aspect of the Qur‘an is stressed on, and Allah (swt)
says that even if all humans and jinns combined to write the like
of the Qur‘an, they would surely fail.
Ayats (41 - 52): If there were other gods besides Allah, they
would have tried to dethrone Him. Belief in the Hereafter is
necessary to understand the Qur'an. Hereafter is life after death.
The disbelievers ask questions on resurrection.
Ayats (61 - 70): Shaitan, his enmity with human beings, and his
vow to seduce them. Almighty Allah has provided conveyance for
us on land and sea.
Ayats (78 - 84): The Qur'an is a healing and mercy for the
157
believers.
Ayats (101 - 111): Musa (a) was given nine signs. The Qur'an is
revealed in truth and with the truth it has come down in sections
to suit each occasion, for easy deliberation. Offer Salah neither
too loud nor in too low a voice, adopt the middle course.
158
Allah also says about it (interpretation of the meaning):"Then,
moreover, verily, - you the erring-ones, the deniers (of
Resurrection)! You verily will eat of the trees of Zaqqum. Then
you will fill your bellies therewith, and drink boiling water on top
of it, so you will drink (that) like thirsty camels! That will be their
entertainment on the Day of Recompense!" [al-Waqi‟ah 56:51-
56]
"Verily, the tree of Zaqqum, will be the food of the sinners, like
boiling oil, it will boil in the bellies, like the boiling of scalding
water. (It will be said): ‗Seize him and drag him into the midst of
blazing Fire, then pour over his head the torment of boiling
water, taste you (this)! Verily, you were (pretending to be the
mighty, the generous! Verily! This is that whereof you used to
doubt!‘" [al-Dukhan 44:43-50]
The scholars said that this Soorah was better known by the name
Soorat Bani Isra‘eel at the time of the Sahaabah and
Taabi‘een, because the first ayah of Soorat al-Isra‘ speaks of
the Isra‘ (Night Journey) to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, then in the
second ayah it starts to speak of an important stage in the story
of Bani Isra‘eel (the Children of Israel) and their mischief in the
land, which is not mentioned in any of the stories of Bani Isra‘eel
anywhere else in the Qur‘aan. That is in the passage where Allah,
may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
―Glorified (and Exalted) is He (Allâh) [above all that (evil) they
159
associate with Him]. Who took His slave (Muhammad S.A.W) for
a journey by night from Al-Masjid-al-Harâm (at Makkah) to Al-
Masjid-al-Aqsa (in Jerusalem), the neighborhood whereof We
have blessed, in order that We might show him (Muhammad
S.A.W) of Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, etc.).
Verily, He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer. And We gave Musa
(Moses) the Scripture and made it a guidance for the Children of
Israel (saying): ‗Take not other than Me as (your) Wakil
(Protector, Lord, or Disposer of your affairs). ‗O offspring of
those whom We carried (in the ship) with Nuh (Noah)! Verily, he
was a grateful slave.‘ And We decreed for the Children of Israel in
the Scripture, indeed you would do mischief in land twice and
you will become tyrants and extremely arrogant!‖ [al-Isra‟ 17:1-
4]
Ar-Ruh(Soul)
This context would seem to imply that this Ayah was revealed in
Al-Madinah, and that it was revealed when the Jews asked him
this question in Al-Madinah, although the entire Surah was
revealed in Makkah. This may be answered with the suggestion
that this Ayah may have been revealed to him in Al-Madinah a
second time, after having previously been revealed in Makkah,
or that he was divinely inspired to respond to their question with
a previously-revealed Ayah, namely the Ayah in question. Ibn
Jarir recorded that `Ikrimah said, "The People of the Book asked
the Messenger of Allah about the Ruh, and Allah revealed:
(And they ask you concerning the Ruh...) (17:85) They said, `You
claim that we have only a little knowledge, but we have been
given the Tawrah, which is the Hikmah, (and he, to whom
Hikmah is granted, is indeed granted abundant good.)' (2:269)
Then the Ayah
(And if all the trees on the earth were pens and the sea (were ink
wherewith to write), with seven seas behind it to add to its
(supply),) (31:27) was revealed. He said, "Whatever knowledge
you have been given, if Allah saves you from the Fire thereby,
then it is great and good, but in comparison to the knowledge of
161
Allah, it is very little.''
163
should not kill their children because they think they
cannot provide for them, it is a great sin. It is Allah (swt)
who provides Rizk (sustenance) for them which comes
from the sky; they cannot cause poverty; that is the will of
Almighty Allah.
8) Do not slay without just cause: One should not take a life,
except within the laws of God Almighty. If anyone is
killed unjustly, God has granted a right of retribution but
164
knowledge and not to be arrogant: One should safeguard
the property of orphans which he/she has undertaken as
an obligation to protect with good intentions. One should
honour his/her commitments as he/she is liable to the
Lord Sustainer Allah. So, one should conduct business
fairly, give full measure and balance the scales correctly.
One should not pursue that of which he/she has no
knowledge - using heart, eyes and ears to confirm the
things one hears is the way. One should not walk about
the earth arrogantly. A human being is just a small and
weak creature; is he/she more than that!
11) Allah (swt) does not beget children and those who say
this, utter a monstrous lie: Do not say that God Almighty
has taken the angels as daughters. That is a monstrous
statement with grave consequences.
12) There is a life after death: When one recites the Qur‘an
there is a barrier between him/her and those who do not
believe in the Hereafter. As a result some people turn even
further away by the whisper of Shaitan.
Everything in the heavens and earth glorifies Almighty
God. The unbelievers of Makkah have privately called
Prophet Muhammad (s) a man bewitched as they did not
try to understand the Message themselves. They disputed
that how they would be raised up after they become bones
and dust. Allah (swt) replied to our beloved Prophet (s) in
the Qur‘an to tell them - even if they were stones and iron
they would be bought back. When they ask who would do
that, Allah (swt) replied - the One who created you in the
first place. On the Judgment Day one who would be raised
up would imagine that he/she had been dead for only a
very short time.
13) The Qur'an is a shifa and rahmah for those who want to
believe in it: One should establish the prayer from when
the sun is at its zenith until the darkness of the night (four
obligatory prayers fall during this time) and recite the
Qur‘an at the time of the Morning Prayer. The recitation
165
at the time of dawn is always witnessed by the angels.
Truth has come and falsehood has departed. People tried
to entice Prophet Muhammad (s) to fabricate revelations
but Allah (swt) strengthened his heart. If he had inclined
even a little towards them, he would have received a
double punishment in this life and in the Hereafter. It was
that way with all the Messengers. The Qur‘an was sent as a
healing and a mercy for the believers but the disbelievers
gain nothing from it except loss. Everyone does things in
their own way but God Almighty knows who is following
the best way. On the Day of Resurrection, when every
community is gathered with their leader, those who
receive their book in their right hand will read it with
pleasure. Those who pretended to be blind about the
Hereafter will be worse than blind in the Hereafter.
16) Perform Salah in a voice which is neither too loud nor too
soft: Allah (swt) told us to call Him his best names. And
not to speak too loudly nor too softly, but seek a middle
way. One should praise his/her Lord Almighty, the One
with no son or partner.
17) Truth has come in the form of the Qur‘an: The Qur‘an has
been sent down little by little and the righteous people
who were given knowledge before the Qur‘an recognize
the truth of it and weep falling down in prostration.
Likewise, Prophet Musa (a) was sent nine clear signs but
Pharaoh believed it was all magic. When Musa (a) told
him he was doomed, Pharaoh intended to drive him away
along with the Israelites off from the face of the earth.
Allah (swt) drowned Pharaoh and those with him. The
truth has been sent down in the form of the Qur‘an. The
Children of Israel were told to settle down and when the
appointment of the Hereafter comes they will all be
resurrected in a mingled gathering. Prophet Muhammad
(s) was sent only as a bearer of good news that comes with
a warning.
167
18. Surah Al-Kahf (The Cave)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Kahf In Summarized Form
The Surah takes its name from the story of the people who fell
asleep in a cave, told in ayats 9 to 26. It is the 69th Surah
according to the order of revelation. The name of the Surah, ―Al-
kahf‖ appears in the 9 and 16 number ayats. The Surah was
revealed after the Surah al-Ghashiya but comes after Surah Isra
in order. It has 110 ayats in 12 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
168
6. Wealth and children are only a passing show.
The people of the cave, mentioned in the Surah, were among the
wonderful signs of Allah (swt), intended to confirm the faith in
life after death. The youth (mentioned in this Surah) hid in the
cave, but they trusted in Almighty Allah and presented their case
to Him. Then they apparently fell asleep, and knew nothing of
what was happening in world outside. Their faith carried them
higher and higher on the road to truth.
The second story in the Surah is a person who was the owner of
two gardens and was wealthy and rich in every regard. However,
his wealth lead him astray and he started doubting his faith, as a
result of which Allah Almighty deprived him of all the worldly
artifice and bounties, which made him realize the transients
169
nature of the things of this world but by then it was too late for
him.
The meeting of Prophet Musa (a) with Al-Khidr shows us that the
manifestation of the highest divine wisdom sometimes takes
place in the form of an apparent loss, and that, the true believer
would never lose heart at such losses.
Ayats (1 - 12): Those who say Allah (swt) has begotten a son are
uttering a monstrous lie. The Companions of the Cave‘s story
starts from the 9th ayah of the Surah.
Ayats (13 - 17): The companions of the cave were young men who
declared the truth about the Oneness of Allah. They had to run
away and take refuge in a cave.
Ayats (18 - 22): The companions of the cave were made to sleep
by the Divine decree of Almight Allah. They were awakened by
Allah (swt) after hundreds of years. Their identity was disclosed
to resolve the disputed issue of life after death: What a shame
that instead of getting the point, people were disputing about
their numbers.
Ayats (54 - 59): Allah (swt) has given all kinds of examples in the
Qur'an so that the people may understand His Message.
Ayats (60 - 70): The Prophet Musa (a) travelled to find Khizr to
learn some of the knowledge given to him by Allah Almighty and
Khizr warned Musa (a) that he would not be able to bear with
him.
Ayats (71 - 82): The Prophet Musa (a) could not resist
questioning Khidr (a) when he made a hole in the boat, and when
he killed a boy with no apparent reason. The story of Musa (a)
ended when Khidr (a) explained to him the interpretations of his
actions after their mission ended reaching the dwellings of two
orphans.
Ayats (83 – 101): The story of Zul-Qarnain who visited two ends
of the world and a place between two mountain passages.
Circumstances of revelation
They [the rabbis] said, "Ask him about three things which we
will tell you to ask, and if he answers them then he is a Prophet
who has been sent; if he does not, then he is saying things that
are not true, in which case how you will deal with him will be
up to you. Ask him about some young men in ancient times;
what was their story for theirs is a strange and wondrous tale.
Ask him about a man who travelled a great deal and reached
the east and the west of the earth. What was his story and ask
him about the Ruh (soul or spirit) – what is it? If he tells you
about these things, then he is a Prophet, so follow him, but if he
does not tell you, then he is a man who is making things up, so
deal with him as you see fit."[Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
From Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri, who said: "Whoever reads Soorat al-
Kahf on the night of Jumu'ah, will have a light that will stretch
between him and the Ancient House (the Ka'bah)."
[Narrated by al-Daarimi, 3407. This hadeeth was
classed as saheeh by Shaykh al-Albaani in Saheeh al-
Jaami, 6471]
It was narrated that Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him)
said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said: 'Whoever reads Soorat al-Kahf on the day of
173
Jumu'ah, a light will shine for him from beneath his feet to the
clouds of the sky, which will shine for him on the Day of
Resurrection, and he will be forgiven (his sins) between the two
Jumu'ah.'" Al-Mundhiri said, this was narrated by Abu Bakr ibn
Mardawayh in his Tafseer, with an isnaad with which there was
nothing wrong. [al-Targheeb wa'l-Tarheeb, 1/298]
12. This Surah contains Many of the Signs of End times: The
core of this Surah is to get protection from Fitna-e-Dajjal.
When head of the state was cruel and the majority of
society was corrupt, some youth took refuge in Cave
(distant from population) by the guidance of Allah with
the fear that society will not leave them alone on the right
path and they may turn them away. Allah (swt) discusses
the concepts/messages which one would adhere to which
are connected to the trials associated to Dajjal.
177
19. Surah Maryam (Mary)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Maryam In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
2. Maryam (a) - and the miraculous birth of her son Isa (a).
178
5. The Resurrection will surely happen.
Ayats (41 - 50): The story of Ibrahim (a) and his idol-
worshipping father.
Ayats (51 - 65): The Prophethood of Musa (a), Isma`il (a) and
Idrees (a). All prophets of Allah (swt) were Divinely Guided and
chosen.
Ayats (66 - 82): Believers' and unbelievers' life in this world and
their life in the Hereafter.
Ayats (83 - 98): No god other than Allah (swt) will be able to save
humans on the Day of Judgment and Those who say Allah (swt)
has begotten a son, preach such a monstrous lie that even the
heavens may crack, earth split and mountains crumble to pieces.
Almighty Allah has made the Qur'an easy for mankind.
180
wife), daughter of Khuwaylid.)''
The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith. Ibn Jarir recorded that
Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari said that the Messenger of Allah said,
(Many men achieved perfection, but among women, only
Maryam the daughter of `Imran and Asiah, the wife of Fir`awn,
achieved perfection.)
The Six -- with the exception of Abu Dawud - recorded it. Al-
Bukhari's wording for it reads,
(Many men reached the level of perfection, but no woman
reached such a level except Asiah, the wife of Fir`awn, and
Maryam, the daughter of `Imran. The superiority of `A'ishah
(his wife) to other women is like the superiority of Tharid (meat
and bread dish) to other meals.) [Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
4) Allah (swt) does not take a son and has no need for one:
The fact that Isa a (Jesus), is not the son of Allah (swt),
and that it is not befitting to the Majesty of Allah that He
needs a son (i.e. for name, fame, help or continuity of
race). The narration of Isa (a) who declared that God is his
Lord, worship belongs to Him - is the truth.
9) Allah (swt) has made the Qur'an easy for mankind: The
Qur‘an has been revealed by Almighty Allah in the Arabic
language, but has been made easy for one to learn and
memorize.
185
20. Surah Ta Ha
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ta Ha In Summarized Form
The Surah‘s name appears in the first ayah with Arabic letters,
―TaHa‖ - ( طهṭā ḥā) which called as Muqatta‘at (meaning,
"disconnected" or "mysterious"). Out of the 114 Surahs of the
Qur‘an, 29 Surahs are figuring with this type beginning just after
the Bismillah. The letters are also known as fawātiḥ ( ) َف َواتِحor
"openers" as they form the opening ayah of their respective
Surahs.
This Surah discusses the story of Musa (a) and Adam (a), and
exhorts Prophet Muhammad (s) to patience and prayer, and
reminds us of the consequences of disbelief. This Surah has 135
ayats in 8 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
187
Almighty. This was because they had been influenced by the
large number of the Jews around them and by the neighbouring
Christian kingdoms.
The story of Prophet Musa (a) was mentioned in detail. Musa (a)
is originally tasked by Allah (swt) to go to Pharaoh and try to
show him the right path, who has got erred already. Musa (a) is
triumphant over Pharaoh by the help of Almighty Allah by
defeating the magicians. After escaping, Musa (a) leaves his
people to confer with God Almighty. During his absence, his
people are led awry by al-Samiri, and begin to worship a golden
calf instead of Lord Almighty. Upon his return, Musa (a) is
furious. He exiles al-Samiri, and chastises his brother Harun (a)
for allowing the people to worship anything other than the one
true God Almighty Allah. The story of Musa (a) has been used to
throw light on all those matters which were connected with the
conflict between the Prophet (s) and the Quraysh.
After this the story of Prophet Adam (a) has been narrated, as if
to tell the Quraysh that they are following the way of Shaitan,
whereas the right way for a man is to follow his father Adam (a).
Adam (a) was beguiled by Shaitan, but when he realized his
error, he plainly confessed it and repented and again turned back
to the service of God Almighty and won His favour.
Scenes of the Day of Judgment are depicted, and the believers
are urged to pray to Allah (swt) for mercy. Lord Almighty
reminds us not to enviously regard the worldly goodness that he
has bestowed on some people; as He only seeks to try them with
it. In the end, the Prophet (s) and the Muslims have been advised
not to be impatient in regard to the punishment to the
disbelievers, since Lord Almighty has His Own plan concerning
them.
Ayats (25 - 54): The Prophet Musa (a) prayed to Allah (swt) to
open his heart, ease his task and remove the impediment from
his speech so that people may understand what he says. Almighty
Allah granted his request and reminded him about His favours.
This portion has a Dialogue between Musa (a) and Fir‗aun.
Ayats (55 - 76): Human life cycles around soil of earth from
which Almighty God created initially; we would return and
resurrect from it as well. Fir‗aun disbelieved Musa (a) by calling
his miracles a magician's trick and challenged him to confront
his magicians in public - Musa (a) accepted the challenge. The
confrontation took place between Musa (a) and Fir‗aun's
magicians. After witnessing Musa's miracle the magicians
accepted Islam. The dialogue between magicians and Fir‗aun is
presented. End of the criminals and the believers are Hell and
Paradise respectively.
Ayats (90 - 104): Musa's (a) inquiry about idol worshipping, his
decision about Samiri, Golden Calf and his address to his people.
The Qur'an is but a reminder and the life of this world shall
appear to be no longer than one day in the Hereafter.
Ayats (105 - 115): A scene from the Day of Judgment. The Qur'an
is sent in Arabic to teach and to remind, so read and say: "O my
Rabb, increase me in knowledge."
Ayats (116 - 128): The story of Adam's (a) creation and Shaitan's
temptation. Lord Almighty forgave Adam's (a) sin,
chose him and guided him to the right Way. Those who do not
read the Qur'an and not follow its guidance shall be raised as
blind on the Day of Resurrection.
189
Ayats (129 - 135): One shall not envy others in worldly benefits;
rather seek Allah's (swt) pleasure if one wants to attain the
blessed end. The Qur'an is a sign from Almighty Allah so there
can be no excuse for the unbelievers on the Day of Judgment.
Samiri has also been linked to the rebel Hebrew leader Zimri on
the basis of their similar names and a shared theme of rebellion
against Musa‘s (a) authority. Others link him to the
Mesopotamian city of Samarra and suggest that he came from a
cow-worshiping people, giving his name as Musa bin Zafar.
There is no consensus among Islamic scholars on which, if any,
of these identifications is correct.
[Courtesy:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samiri_(Islam
ic_figure)]
195
21. Surah Al-Anbiya‟ (The Prophets)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Anbiya‟ In Summarized
Form
Period of Revelation
This is a Makki Surah revealed about 5-6 years before the Hijrah.
According to Ibn Attiyah and Qurtubi there is consensus on this
Surah being a Makki Surah - "Both the subject matter and the
style of the Surah indicate that it was sent down in the third stage
of the life of the Prophet (s) at Makkah" [Ref: Tahfim Al-Qur‘an]
196
doctrines illustrating: Islamic eschatology embodied in the Day
of Judgment, the fates of the disbelievers and the believers, and
the mercy of God Almighty.
4. Allah (swt) cares for human day and night. Musa (a) and
Harun (a) received Allah (swt)'s message and now this
blessed reminder has come to you.
Ayats (30 - 41): The skies and earth once were one mass, Allah
(swt) split them asunder, and He created all living things from
water. Allah (swt) has not granted immortality to any human
being. If Rasools are destined to die, how disbelievers are going
to live forever!
Ayats (51 - 75): Ibrahim (a) questioned the idol worshiping of his
198
father and his people. Ibrahim (a) broke all their idols to show,
that the gods who cannot even defend themselves, how they can
be of any benefit to them. They decided to burn him alive but
Allah the Almighty commanded the fire to be cool and
comfortable for Ibrahim (a). Allah (swt) blessed Ibrahim (a) with
a son (Ishaq) and then a grandson (Ya'qub) and made each of
them Prophets.
Ayats (76 - 93): Allah (swt) accepted the prayer of Nuh (a)
against the unbelievers. Almighty Allah blessed Prophets Daud
(a) and Sulaiman (a) with wisdom, knowledge and kingdoms.
Allah (swt) accepted the Prophet Ayub's (a) prayer and removed
his affliction. Allah accepted the prayers and blessed Prophets
Isma`il (a), Dhul Kifl (a), Yunus (a), Zakariyya (a) and also
blessed Maryam with Isa (a). Mankind is but one brotherhood.
- Allah makes all the Prophets pious - "....and all [of them]
We made righteous." [21:73]
The Prophets pray to Allah Almighty with utmost eargeness and
fear. "...supplicate Us in hope and fear..." [21:90]
The time of people's reckoning has drawn near, and yet they turn
aside in heedlessness." (21:1)
and the time for the fulfilment of the true promise of Allah draws
near, whereupon the eyes of those who disbelieved will stare in
fear, and they will say: "Woe to us, we were indeed heedless of
this; nay, we were wrongdoers." (21:97)
4. Every soul will taste death: The skies and earth once were
one mass; Allah (swt) split them asunder and created the
different planets: Do the disbelievers not consider the
world around them? All living creatures have their origin
in water. The earth is covered with firm mountains and
broad pathways and the sky is a canopy. God Almighty
created the night and the day; the celestial bodies move in
their orbits. Every soul will taste death. Everyone is tested
and then they will return to Lord Almighty.
10. Muhammad (s) has been sent as a blessing for all the
worlds: Allah (swt) has sent Muhammad (s) as a blessing
for all the worlds (humans, jinns, and others) and has
been as the last reminder of the prophets and was told to
warn them (humankind) asking them to affirm their belief
that Almighty God is one.
204
22. Surah Al-Hajj (The Hajj; The Pilgrimage; Pillar of
Islam; Pilgrim's Journey)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Hajj In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
205
3. The true believers shall be rewarded.
206
prepared to endure any hardship in its way. They have been
admonished for this wavering attitude; it would be inevitable for
them to avert the punishments metaphysically ordained for them
from Almighty Allah.
Ayats (1 - 10): A scene from the Hour of Doom. Our Life in this
world cycles through the life in the Hereafter. People invoke
other deities besides Allah (swt), without knowledge and
guidance.
Ayats (11 - 22): Behaviour of those who are standing at the verge
of faith is not ethical. Allah (swt) always helps His Rasools. All
the dwellers of the heavens and the earth prostrate before
Almighty Allah. The disbelievers will have garments of fire,
boiling water to drink and maces of iron to lash them with.
Ayats (23 - 25): Allah (swt) has given equal rights to all believers
at Masjid-al-Haram, whether they are natives or foreigners.
Ayats (26 - 33): Allah (swt) identified the site of Sacred House to
Ibrahim (a), commanded him to build the Ka‗bah, then call
mankind to come for Hajj (Pilgrimage). Committing shirk is as
though he had fallen from the sky and his body is snatched away
by birds.
207
Ayats (34 - 38): It is not the meat or the blood of the sacrificed
animals that reaches Allah (swt), it is our piety that reaches Him.
Ayats (58 - 64): Those who migrated for the sake of Almighty
Allah shall be generously rewarded and Allah (swt) is the only
One who is real, all other deities are false.
Ayats (65 - 72): Almighty Allah is the One Who has given us life,
cause us to die and will bring us back to life for passing on His
Judgment. Lord Almighty will judge between ourselves
concerning those matters in which we would differ.
Uqbah bin Amir narrated: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah! Surah
Al-Hajj has been esteemed by two prostrations?' He said: 'Yes,
and whoever does not prostrate for them, he should not recite
them.' [Jami` at-Tirmidhi 578]
(22:1) O mankind, fear the (wrath of) your Lord! Indeed, the
earthquake of the Hour (of Judgement) will be an awesome
208
thing.1
209
Allah exalt his mention ) said: "To perform jihad for the sake of
Allah." The enquirer asked: "What next?" The Prophet
sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam (may Allah exalt his mention ) said:
"A valid and accepted Hajj." [Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-
Tirmithi, An-Nasaa‟i, and Ahmad]
The obligation of the Hajj will continue even after the occurrence
of the great trials at the end of time. In a hadith, the Prophet
sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam (may Allah exalt his mention ) said:
"Hajj and ‗Umrah to this House will continue even after the
emergence of Ya‘jooj and Ma‘jooj (Gog and Magog)." [Al-
Albani: authentic]
When Allah will seize the souls of the believers at the end of time
to leave only the evil people to witness the Hour, Hajj will stop.
The Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his
mention ) said: "The (final) Hour will not come unless people
refrain from performing the Hajj." [Al-Albani: authentic]
Thus, it is obligatory on each Muslim who is physically and
financially able to hasten to perform the Hajj before he will be
unable to do so. The Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam (may
Allah exalt his mention ) said: "Whoever intends to perform the
Hajj should hasten to it; for one could get sick, his mount could
be lost, or he could face poverty and need." [Saheeh Al-
Jaami']
210
Lessons and Reflection
4. The fact that Allah (swt) always helps His Rasools: Allah
(swt) protects His messengers from Shaitan‘s wicked
scheming, just like He protects them from their
opponents‘ plots. In the Surah, God Almighty reassured
Muhammad (s) about His power to intervene when he
needs ensuring the failure of his enemies. The same power
intervened in the past to support earlier prophets and
messengers, and to punish those who denied and opposed
them. The unbelievers are directed to reflect on the doom
suffered by earlier communities; even though such
reflection benefits only hearts and minds that are open
and receptive. It is not only eyes that can be blind, for real
blindness is that of the heart.
212
7. The fact that it is not the blood or the flesh of a sacrificed
animal which reaches Allah but the piety of the individual
who is offering the sacrifice: Surah al-Hajj outlines some
of the rituals of pilgrimage and how it enhances people‘s
consciousness and constant remembrance of God
Almighty. It also stresses the need to protect the Sacred
Masjid against any aggression by those who try to turn
people away from it or change the basis on which it is
founded. Those who fulfill their duties of protecting the
purity of the faith are promised victory.
10. Allah's promise to those who migrate for His sake that He
will reward them generously: The community of believers
has an obligation to fulfill their duties as the leaders of
humanity. So, they should prepare themselves for their
213
task with prayer, worship and good action, seeking God
Almighty‘s help and protection. Its ultimate rewards come
when one follows the footsteps of Ibrahim (a) who has
shunned associating with idols. Allah (swt) has set a
perfect legacy by presenting his history in various places
of the Qur‘an.
214
23. Surah Al-Mu'minun (The Believers; Faithful and
submissive ones who understood the essence of faith)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Mu'minun In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah of the Surah,
"Certainly will the Believers have succeeded." [23:1] This
Surah is an early Makki Surah revealed about 6-7 years before
the Hijrah, and as the title suggests, it outlines the qualities
expected of true believer which are humility, prayer, zakat,
mindful of one‘s chastity, justness and abstinence from all kinds
of vanity. It has 118 ayats in 6 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
Both its style and theme indicate that it was revealed during the
middle stage of Prophethood at Makkah. Reading between the
lines one feels that a bitter conflict had begun between the
Prophet and the disbelievers of Makkah though the persecution
by them had not yet become tyrannical. It appears that the Surah
was sent down during the climax of the ―Famine‖ in Makkah
(ayats 75 - 76) which according to authentic traditions occurred
during the middle stage of Prophethood.
215
1. The character of the Believers. Various stages of human
creation and Allah's signs in the samawat.
216
benefits for man, all together with an emphasis on the fact that
man shall die and shall be raised up on the Day of Resurrection.
The accounts of Nuh (a), Hud (a), Musa (s) and Isa (a) are
depicted in short who delivered the same message of
monotheism, but were disbelieved and opposed by the people
they preached to, and that all of them were helped and rescued
by Allah (swt). A reference is also made to the similar unbelief
and opposition of the leaders of Makkah, who are rejecting the
message of Muhammad (s).
Ayats (23 - 32): The Prophet Nuh (a) was sent to guide his
people, they disbelieved him, and as a result, Allah (swt)
drowned all disbelievers in great flood. After prophet Nuh (a),
Allah (swt) sent Hud (a) to guide his people.
Ayats (51- 77): Allah (swt) has said: "In fact, your religion is one
religion; I am your Rabb, so fear Me, Alone." Allah has not
charged any soul with more than it can bear. End of disbelievers;
why are they not following the truth? Those who do not believe
in the Hereafter will stray from the Right Path.
Ayats (78 - 92): Almighty Allah has given us ears, eyes, and
hearts, but we seldom show gratitude. Even the disbelievers
recognize the existence of Almighty Allah. Allah (swt) has never
217
begotten a son, nor is there any other god besides Him.
Ayats (93 - 118): Repel evil with good and seek refuge with Allah
(swt) against the temptations of Shaitan. The wrongdoers will
wish that they could be sent back to this world to adopt the Right
Way, but it will be too late. On the Day of Judgment, it will
appear as if the life of this world was less than a day. The
unbelievers will never attain salvation.
Tranquillity of Al-Khushoo
219
2. Stages of human creation: The young human being grows
in the womb of his mother. The development of the
embryo in the mother‘s womb shows that the Creator of
this world is the most perfect Being. Our knowledge of
human creation compels us to believe that a second
creation is certainly possible. The vivid Qur‘anic
description of the various developmental stages of the
formation and birth of human beings is surprisingly
identical with modern scientific findings. This provides a
clear proof of the fact that the Qur‘an is the Book of God
Almighty.
221
24. Surah An-Nur (The Light; The Clarity of
Illumination; Apparent to the Senses; The One Who
Enlightens)
Concise Tafseer of Surah An-Nur In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
222
those who are single to get married.
The false charge against our Mother Aisha (rh) was the occasion
of this Surah‘s revelation. After the victory at Badr, Islam has
spread progressively and gained strength day by day.
Disbelievers have realized the power of Islam with small
numbers, even though they were 10 fold in strength and number;
they couldn‘t able to defeat Muslims in the battlefield due to
their moral front. So, they chose to attack Muslim on the moral
front. They decided to vilify Muhammad (s) amongst Muslims.
224
In Surah Al-Ahzab, Lord Almighty sent the following instructions
to strengthen and safeguard the moral front, and to counteract
the storm of propaganda that was raised on the occasion of the
marriage of Zainab (rh). On the occasion of the second attack,
Surah An-Nur was sent down to keep pure and strengthen the
moral fibre of the Muslim society, which had been shaken by the
enormity of the slander.
Ayats (27 - 34): Etiquette for entering the houses other than
one‘s own. The required behaviour of a believer in mixed traffic
and gatherings of males and females are outlined. Allah (swt)
instructed to help single people to get married when they are in
need. Allah (swt) instructed to grant liberty to those slaves who
225
seek to buy their freedom.
Ayats (35 - 40): Almighty Allah is the Light of the heavens and
the earth. Allah (swt)'s Light is found in the places of worship
which are built for His remembrance by His devotees. Deeds of
unbelievers are like a mirage in a sandy desert.
Ayats (41 - 50): Everything in the heavens and earth glorifies and
praises Almighty Allah. Allah (swt) has created every living
creature from water. Those who claim to be the believers but do
not demonstrate their belief through actions are not true
believers.
Ayats (51 - 57): True believers are those who, when called
towards Almighty Allah and His Rasool, say: "We hear and we
obey."
Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The example of
His light is like a niche within which is a lamp, the lamp is within
glass, the glass as if it were a gleaming [white] star lit from [the
oil of] a blessed olive tree, neither of the east nor of the west,
whose oil would almost glow even if untouched by
fire. Light upon light. Allah guides to His light whom He wills.
And Allah presents examples for the people, and Allah is
Knowing of all things. (Surah 24.AnNur Ayah: 35)
God is the Light of the heavens and the earth, in other words, He
illumines both of them with the sun and the moon. The likeness
226
of His Light, that is, the description of it [as it resides] in the
heart of a believer, is as a niche wherein is a lamp. The lamp is in
a glass — this [glass] is the [case for the] lantern and the misbāh
is the torch, that is, the wick that is lit; al-mishkāt is a recess that
does not penetrate [to the other side], in other words, the tube
inside the lantern, the glass, with the light inside it [is], as it were
a glittering star, that is, a light-giving [star] (read dirrī‘un or
durrī‘un, derived from ad-dar‗, ‗to repel‘, because it repels
darkness; or read durriyyun, derived from ad-durr, ‗pearls‘)
kindled, is this lamp (read past tense tawaqqada; a variant
reading has the imperfect tense of awqada, in the passive voice:
yūqadu; another reading has tūqadu, in which case the reference
is to al-zujāja, ‗the glass‘) from, the oil of, a Blessed Tree, an olive
neither of the east nor of the west, but in between the two, so that
no harmful cold or heat affects it; whose oil would almost glow
forth [of itself], though no fire touched it, because of [the extent
of] its purity. Light, by Him, upon light, by fire; the light of God
is His guidance of the believer, light upon the light of faith.
God guides to His Light, that is, [to] the religion of Islam, whom
He will. And God strikes, He illustrates, similitudes for men, by
approximating [such similitudes] to their comprehension, so that
they might take heed and believe; and God is Knower of all
things, including [knowledge of] how to strike similitudes.
[Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Surah An Nur, Ayat 35 (One of the
Beauties of Allah)]
10. True believers are those who, when called towards Allah
and His Rasool, say: "We hear and we obey.": The
believers are those who do not incur Allah‘s displeasure
will get the eventual success. If they obey Prophet
Muhammad (s) will be guided for his/her duty is just to
uphold the message clearly. Establish the prayer, pay the
obligatory charity and obey the Messenger (s) and they
230
will be given mercy.
232
25. Surah Al Furqan (The Criterion; The Evidence; The
right and wrong Discriminators; The Proof of al-
Qur‟an)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al Furqan In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah of it, ―The Surah
begins with the phrase, "Blessed is He who sent down the
Criterion upon His Servant that he may be to the worlds a
warner -" [25:1] and it is also used at the end of the Surah as the
first Ayah after the Ayah of Sajdah (prostration - [25:61]).‖
Period of Revelation
The Surah deals with the doubts and objections that were being
raised against the Qur'an, the Prophethood of Muhammad (s)
and his teachings by the disbelievers of Makkah.
234
At the end of the Surah, a clear picture of the moral superiority of
the Believers has been depicted as in the beginning of Surah Al-
Mu'minun, as if to say, 'Here is the criterion for distinguishing
the genuine from the counterfeit. This is the noble character of
those people who have believed in and followed the teachings of
Prophet Muhammad (s) and this is the kind of people that he is
trying to train. You may yourselves compare and contrast this
type of people with those Arabs, who have not as yet accepted the
Message, and who are upholding "ignorance" and exerting their
utmost to defeat the Truth. Now you may judge for yourselves as
to which you would like to choose."
Ayats (10 - 20): Those who deny the Hour and life after death
will be cast in the blazing fire. On the Day of Judgment, those
deities, whom the Mushrikhs invoke, will deny any claim of
divinity. And Allah (swt) will hold the Mushriks responsible for
their Shirk.
Ayats (21 - 34): The unbelievers who ask for angels today will ask
for a stone barrier between them and the angels of punishment.
Disbelievers shall regret on the Day of Judgment for not
adopting the Right Way. Allah (swt) explains the wisdom behind
revealing the Qur'an in piecemeal rather than all at once.
Ayats (35 - 44): All nations which rejected Allah's revelations and
His Rasools were utterly destroyed. Those who have taken their
desires as their gods are nothing but animals.
Ayats (45 - 60): Almighty Allah has made the night a mantle,
sleep to rest, and the day to work. One should not make appease
with the unbelievers while confronting the truth; rather one
235
should make Jihad against them with the Qur'an. The believer
should put trust in Ever-Living (Allah), Who will never die.
(25:53) And He it is Who has joined the two seas: one sweet and
palatable and the other saltish and bitter; and He has set a
barrier and an insurmountable obstruction between the two that
keeps them apart.
236
world. God is the One who controls the heavens and the
earth; He has no offspring or partners. He does not share
control in any way. He has created all things and
determined them with precision. Yet the unbelievers have
taken other gods who are unable to create, have no power
over life and death and cannot harm or help in anyway.
Prophet Muhammad (s) is told by God Almighty to reply
that the Qur‘an is sent down by He who knows the secrets
of the heavens and the earth.
240
26. Surah Ash-Shu'ara (The Poets)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ash-Shu'ara In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the 224th ayah which means –
the poet. It has 227 ayats with 11 Ruku‘ (Section). This Surah
contains second largest number of ayats after Surah Al-Baqarah.
Another name of the Surah is, ―Ta Sin Mim‖ which is called as
Muqatta‘at (meaning, "disconnected" or "mysterious").
Out of the 114 Surahs of the Qur‘an, 29 Surahs are figuring with
this type beginning just after the Bismillah. The letters are also
known as fawātiḥ ( )ف اتحor "openers" as they form the opening
ayah of their respective Surahs. Allah (swt) did not reveal any
meaning for these letters; however, many theories have been
suggested by the scholars of Islam.
Period of Revelation
241
2. Signs were shown to Pharaoh.
11. The Qur'an is the message from the Lord of the worlds. It
is neither from devils nor do they have any clue of this
message. It is not poetry of the poets. It is a serious
message with eternal consequences.
The story of Musa (a), Ibrahim (a), Nuh (a), Hud (a), Salih (a),
242
Lut (a) and Shu‘aib (a) [the Biblical JETHRO] has been narrated in
this Surah to comfort Rasulullah (s) and to admonish the
mushrikhs (Kuffar) that the mentality of the disbeliever has been
the same throughout the ages. The disbeliever‘s arguments,
objections, and the excuses for not believing have been similar in
the past, and so has been their ultimate fate – severe
punishments on this earth from Allah (swt).
Ayats (10 - 33): The assignment of Musa (a) as a Rasool and his
dialogue with Fir‗aun (Pharaoh). Musa (a) presents miracles of
his sign as Prophet.
Ayats (34 - 51): Pharaoh took the Prophet Musa (a)'s miracles as
magic and summoned the magicians to compete. After
witnessing a miracle, all the magicians embraced Islam.
Ayats (69 - 104): The story of the Prophet Ibrahim (a) and his
arguments against idol worshipping people. Allah (swt) included
the prayer for this life and the life Hereafter of the Prophet
Ibrahim (a). The mushrikhs and their gods both will be toppled
into hell.
Ayats (105 - 122): The story of the Prophet Nuh (a), his dialogue
with his people; they disbelieved; Nuh (a)‘s prayer to Almighty
Allah. Nuh (a) and believers were rescued and others
drowned.
Ayats (123 - 140): The story of the Prophet Hud (a), his address
to his people; they disbelieved and as a result faced destruction.
Ayats (141 - 159): The story of the Prophet Salih (a), his address
243
to his people; they disbelieved and as a result faced destruction.
Ayats (160 - 175): The story of the Prophet Lut (a), his address to
his people; they disbelieved and as a result faced destruction.
Ayats (176 - 191): The story of the Prophet Shu'aib (a), his
address to his people; they disbelieved and as a result faced
destruction.
―One who reads this Surah will not get sunk and his home will
be save from burglary and fire; and one who writes this Surah
on a paper and mixes it with water and drinks it, all his
diseases may be healed by Allah. [Majma„ ul-Bayan, Fakhr-
i-Razi, Qurtabi, Tibyan, and Ruh-ul-Ma„ani]
244
name is used to refer to the Book given to Dawud. Allah says:
(Is it not a sign to them that the learned scholars of the Children
of Israel knew it) (26:197) meaning, is it not sufficient witness to
the truth for them that the scholars of the Children of Israel
found this Qur'an mentioned in the Scriptures which they study
The meaning is: the fair-minded among them admitted that the
attributes of Muhammad and his mission and his Ummah were
mentioned in their Books, as was stated by those among them
who believed, such as `Abdullah bin Salam, Salman Al-Farisi and
others who met the Prophet . Allah said:
(Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who can neither
read nor write ...) (7:157) [Tafsir ibn Kathir]
4. The fact that the mushrikhs and their gods will both be
toppled into hell: Paradise will be brought close to the
righteous and Hell will be visible to those who have gone
astray. They will be asked about what they worshipped
apart from Almighty God and will be flung into Hell with
246
their idols including all the armies of Iblis (Satan). They
will argue with one another and wish longingly to return
to their worldly life for another chance. This story reveals
a great lesson. Almighty Lord Allah is Mighty and
Merciful.
5. Stories of Prophets Nuh (a), Hud (a), Salih (a), Lut (a),
Shu'aib (a) and their people: The people of Nuh also
rejected their Messenger. He was gentle and mild, and
asked for no payment, but they considered him and those
who followed him to be poor and worthless. Nuh (a) said
he would never drive away a believer; he was nothing but
a warner. They asked him to desist or he would be stoned.
Nuh (a) called out to Almighty Lord asking for a decisive
judgment. Allah (swt) saved Nuh (a) and the believers in a
ship, the others were drowned. The people of Ad
disbelieved in their Messenger Hud (a). He asked them to
fear the Almighty One and requested no payment. They
built strong, tall buildings as if they expected to live
forever and were cruel tyrants. Hud (a) reminded them
that God Almighty provided them with their sustenance.
Hud‘s (a) people replied that they had no fear of torment
and such talk was nothing but an ancient myth. Allah
(swt) utterly destroyed them. The people of Thamud
denied their Messenger. When Salih (a) asked them to
fear Allah (swt) they accused him of being affected by
magic. He asked for no reward and reminded them of
their provisions from Almighty Allah, and told them to
stay away from transgressors, but it was not enough, they
wanted a sign. Salih (a) brought forth a she-camel who
was to share their water; each drinking on alternate days.
The people were warned not to hurt her, but they
hamstrung her. In the morning they were full of regret
because the punishment fell upon them. The people of Lut
247
(a) also disbelieved. He asked them for no reward and
warned them to fear God Almighty. Lut (a) admonished
them and cautioned them not to partake in unnatural acts.
They responded by threatening Lut (a) with expulsion. Lut
(a) asked Almighty God to save him and his family and He
did; all except his wife who was destroyed with the rest. A
rain of destruction poured down on those who had been
forewarned. Shuaib‘s (a) people disbelieved even though
he was a trustworthy Messenger who asked for no reward.
He warned his people to weigh with correct scales, to give
full measure, and not spread corruption, but they accused
him of being bewitched. They called him a liar and asked
him to cause fragments of the sky to fall upon them if he
was truthful. Due to their stubborn denial the torment
seized them, a scourge from the dark clouds. Most do not
learn the lesson and become believers. Lord Almighty is
Mighty and Merciful.
249
27. Surah An-Naml (The Ants)
Concise Tafseer of Surah An-Naml In Summarized
Form
Revelation
250
are from the period of Madinah; ayah 85 was revealed during the
Hijrah to Madinah.
251
The Surah opens with a description of the Qur‘an as joyful news
for the believers and a severe warning for the non-believers. The
theme of the Surah is divine guidance in history. Allah (swt) sent
His Prophets to different people. Some accepted them and were
guided, while others denied them and they saw the consequences
of their denial.
Surah tells stories of the prophets Musa (a), Suaiman (a), Salih
(a), and Lut (a) to emphasize the message of tawhid in Jewish
and Arabian prophets. The miracles of Musa (a), described in the
Book of Exodus, are mentioned in opposition to the arrogance
and kufr of Pharaoh. So, this Surah was likely revealed to address
the role of the "Children of Israel" among the believers in
Makkah, to emphasize and mention the piety of past prophets,
and to distinguish the present Qur'anic message from past
traditions.
Ayats (45 - 58): Story of the Prophet Salih (a) and his address to
his people. Salih's (a) people plotted to kill him, but Allah (swt)
saved him and destroyed the disbelievers. The Prophet Lut (a)
admonished his people but they paid no heed so they faced the
scourge of Almighty Allah.
Ayats (83 - 93): One should not deny Allah's revelations without
gaining his/her comprehensive knowledge. A scene from
Doomsday is depicted with vivid details. Those who accept
guidance, do so to their own good and those who go astray, do so
to their own peril.
And Solomon succeeded David [1] and said: "O people, we have
been taught the speech of birds [2] and we have been endowed
with all kinds of things. [2] Surely this is a conspicuous favour
(from Allah)."
The Prophet Solomon (peace be upon him) was the youngest son
of the Prophet David (peace be upon him). His Hebrew name
Solomon is a synonym of Salim (rightminded, affable). He
succeeded the Prophet David (peace be upon him) in 965 B.C.
and ruled his kingdom for forty years, till 926 B.C. (For other
details of his life and works. Our commentators have greatly
exaggerated the vastness of his kingdom, and have held that he
ruled over a large part of the world. The fact, however, is that his
kingdom comprised only the present Palestine and Transjordan
and a part of Syria.
4. Stories of Prophets Salih (a) and Lut (a) and their people:
Salih (a) called the people of Thamud to worship One
Almighty God, but they split into rival factions. One group
said that Salih (a) and his followers were an evil omen.
The leaders of some families took an oath that they would
together kill Salih (a) and his family. They planned a
deceitful plan, but God Almighty also planned a plan. The
outcome was that their plan came to nothing and they
were destroyed, and their desolate houses are a sign for
those who think. The true believers were saved. Lut (a)
was sent to his people to ask them why they openly
committed homosexual acts even though they knew it to
be wrong. They had no answer except to try to expel Lut
(a) and his followers from the town. So Almighty Allah
saved Lut (a) and all his family; except his wife who was
destined to be one of those who stayed behind. An evil
rain of stones pelted down on those who chose to ignore
the warning.
259
28. Surah Al Qasas (The Story; The Narration; The
Narrative)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al Qasas In Summarized Form
Revelation
261
slaughter everybody, and his mother had thrown him into the
river. From there, his entire life story leading up to the mountain
is described though this Surah does also cover how he challenges
the Pharaoh and how that transpires, and we learn details of that
as well, but primarily the emphasis is everything leading up to
the mountain.
There are also answers here to the questions and doubts that
were raised by some non-believers. Allah (swt) contrasted these
events with the group of unlettered Quraysh who say we need to
be impressed like the Pharaoh was impressed, and they don‘t
realize that they are calling themselves Pharaoh in doing so.
Their objection can be paraphrased as, ―He is telling us all these
amazing things that happened with Musa (a), we don‘t see a stick
turning into a snake, and we don‘t see water parting. So why
should we be impressed with Muhammad? Why does he not
show us impressive things like Musa was able to show the
Pharaoh?‖ So, Prophet Muhammad (s) is reminded that he
cannot make the people believe but nevertheless he must remain
steadfast in his mission.
Ayats (14 - 21): Musa's (a) youth, his folly of killing a man, and
262
his escape from Pharaoh's retribution.
Ayats (29 - 42): Musa (a)‘s arrival at Mount Tur, seeing a fire,
conversation with Lord Almighty, his appointment as a Rasool to
Pharaoh and his chiefs. Pharaoh and his chiefs disbelieved; as a
result Allah (swt) destroyed them but saved the Children of
Israel.
Ayats (51 - 60): Truth has been conveyed; the true people of the
book believe in it. Righteous Jews and Christians can recognize
the truth of the Qur'an and feel that they were Muslims even
before hearing it. Prophets cannot give guidance; it is Almighty
Allah who gives guidance.
Ayats (76 - 82): Story of Qaroon, the rich man, who was from the
people of Musa (a) but he rebelled against the guidance of
Almighty Allah.
Al Hasan said:
―The Quran has knowledge of everything and the knowledge of
the Quran is in the Huroof, which are the letters in the beginning
of the chapters.
And Ibn Abbas said:
―The beginning opening letters of the chapters are taken from the
names of Allah.
Abu Aliyyah agreed and said:
―There is not a letter except it is a key for one of the names of
Allah.‖
And he quoted from Ibn Abbas:
―Without a doubt, the opening of the chapters using the huroof is
Allah`s Greatest Name.‖
As far as the Huroof that occurs in the beginning of the chapters,
there are 29 which are:
ُ ٌ اALif Lam Meem,
اٌ ّرALif Lam Meem Ra,
اٌ ّصAlif Lam Meem Sad,
اٌ رAlif Lam Ra,
ُ حHa Meem,
حُ ع س قHa Meem Ayn Sin Qaf,
وه ي عصKaf Haa Ya Ayn Sad,
ي سYa Seen
طهTa Haa,
264
طسTa Seen,
ُ ط سTa Seen Meem,
قQaf, and
ْ Noon.
266
1. The promise of Allah (swt) to His slaves is fulfilled without
doubt.
11. The home of the Hereafter is for those who seek neither
glory nor spread corruption. The best outcome is for those
who are mindful of God. Those who come to God
Almighty on the Day of Judgment with good deeds will be
rewarded with what is better.
268
29. Surah Al „Ankabut (The Spider)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al „Ankabut In Summarized
Form
The Surah takes its name from the description of the spider‘s
house building skills, ―Al-‘Ankabut - The Spider‖ from ayah 41.
The title is derived from the ayah, which likens the false gods
whom people seek, to the spider‘s cobweb - the weakest of
dwellings. Other Surahs having names of animals are Al-Baqarah
(The Cow), Al-Fil (The Elephant), An-Naml (That Ant), And An-
Nahl (The Bee). This Surah has 7 Ruku‘ (Section) with 69 ayats.
The Surah deals with the life in the Hereafter, and reminds man
that the life of this world is but a pastime, whereas the life in the
Hereafter is the true life. Believers are reminded to be steadfast
in prayer.
Revelation
There are some different opinions about the time this Surah was
revealed. But general consensus is, Surah Al-‗Ankabut was
revealed shortly before the Muslims migration to Habash
(Abyssinia) during which the persecution of Muslims went to
extremes.
Some commentators are of the opinion, since the Surah has the
mention of hypocrites – first ten ayats of the Surah were revealed
in Madinah as hypocrisy appeared from there and rest is of
Makkah. But the facts of hypocrisy mentioned in this Surah came
from the extreme torture by the disbelievers, which subjected
Muslims to fall prey to weak faith.
Some commentators are of the opinion that this Surah was the
last Surah revealed at Makkah – since this Surah exhorts
Muslims to migrate. But this opinion compared to the subject
269
matter of the Surah, the migration of Muslims also occurred
before they did to Madinah. So, based on internal evidence of
many traditions – this Surah was not the last Surah which got
revealed in Makkah.
The Surah begins with three separate Arabic letters. Alif, Lam,
Meem. These three are amongst various combinations of
fourteen letters that open 29 Surahs of the Qur‘an known as
Huroof Muqatta‘at.
Allah (swt) did not reveal any specific meaning attached to them
but scholars analyzed those with Prophetic commentary from
Muhammad (s) which performs as a secret code of security from
the Lord Himself.
270
encourage the new Muslims who were, at the time, suffering
severe abuse and oppression. A clear link is established between
all the messages and the message of Prophet Muhammad (s).
This Surah has the stories of prophets who have gone through
hardships. The Surah relates other past prophets‘ people
condition which is akin to the condition of prophet Muhammad‘s
(a) companions - Nuh (a), Ibrahim (a), Lut (a), Shuaib (a), Hud
(a), Salih (a), and Musa (a) endured hardships but they did not
give up.
Ayats (14 – 22): Nuh (a) admonished his people for 950 years
not to commit shirk. Likewise, Ibrahim (a) admonished his
people not to commit shirk.
Ayats (23 – 30): The people of Ibrahim (a) even tried to burn
him alive but Almighty Allah saved him. Lut (a) (his nephew) is
the only one who affirmed his belief with him. Lut (a) was
appointed as a Rasool towards the nation of homosexuals.
Ayats (31 - 44): The qawm of Lut (a) rejected Allah's guidance; as
a result Allah (swt) destroyed them all. Likewise the Nations of
'Ad, Thamud, Madyan and Fir‗aun (Pharaoh) rejected the
Rasools of Almighty Allah, which resulted in their destruction.
271
The parables of those who take protectors other than Lord
Almighty dwell in the flimsiest house of spiders-web.
Ayats (45 – 51): Salah (Prayer) keeps one away from shameful
deeds and Do not argue with the People of the Book except in
good taste.
Ayats (64 - 69): The life of this world is nothing but pastime, the
real life is the life Hereafter. Those who strive in the cause of
Almighty God, He guides them to the straight Way.
Another aspect of the Surahs which begin with the same letter is
a similarity in their topics and even in their style and
construction. For example, all Surahs which begin with Alif
basically deal with Tawhid (monotheism). It would be
appropriate here to point out that the letter Alif also stood for
Allah, the One and Alone.
274
2. Be kind to parents but do not obey them in matters of
shirk (associating anyone else with Allah): Almighty God
demands that the believers be good to their parents.
However, they should not obey them if they try to make
them worship something other than God Almighty. One
needs to remember that one day he/she will return to God
Almighty and only those with true faith will be among the
righteous of the past who has succeeded to attain nearness
to Almighty Allah.
4. Nuh (a) was spreading his message amongst his people for
nearly one thousand years: The Prophet Nuh (a)
admonished his people for 950 years not to commit shirk.
But they were still doing evil when the flood overtook
them. Those saved in the ark are a sign for all those who
came after them.
6. The story of Lut (a): Lut (a) tried to counsel his people
asking them to stop their immoral practices, their acts of
highway robbery, and corruption. They hardly responded
except by telling Lut (a) to bring on the punishment. Lut
(a) prayed to God Almighty for help. When the angels
brought the news of a son to Ibrahim (a) they also told
him that they were charged with destroying the town Lut
(a) was living in. Ibrahim (a) feared for his cousin and the
angels said they planned to save Lut (a) along with his
followers. When the angels in the form of guests visited
Lut (a), he was anxious because he could do nothing to
protect them from the unruly and evil townspeople. The
angels were aware of Lut (a)‘s grief. They revealed their
identity and told him why they had come and that he and
his household would be safe from Almighty God‘s
torment. His wife however would not be amongst those
saved. The ruins of the town were left so that people who
think would understand.
277
30. Surah Ar Rum (The Romans; The Constantinople;
The Byzantine)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ar Rum In Summarized Form
Revelation
This is a Makki Surah and it was revealed about 5 years after the
Prophethood. The period of the revelation of this Surah is
determined absolutely by the historical event mentioned at the
outset of this Surah. It says: ―The Romans have been defeated in
the neighbouring land.‖
278
Surah was sent down in the same year and this was the year in
which the migration to Abyssinia took place.
The Surah urges people to reflect on their own creation and the
heavens and earth. Almighty God‘s power to give life to a barren
land is an indication both of His ability to raise the dead and of
His mercy to mankind. The disbelievers are warned to accept
faith before it is too late, and Prophet Muhammad (s) is urged to
persevere and to ignore the bullying of the disbelievers.
280
Ayats (1 - 10): The Romans' (Christians) defeat at the hands of
Persia (Pagans) was taken as a sign of the Muslims' defeat at the
hands of Arab unbelievers, so Almighty Allah gave good tidings
for the Roman victory as well as the Muslim victory in a few
years.
Ayats (11 - 19): It is Allah (swt) Who originates creation and then
repeats it and to Him everyone will be brought for final
Judgment.
Ayats (20 - 27): The creation of Man, his consort, heavens, earth,
language, colors, sleep, quest for work, lightening, rain and
growth of vegetation - all are the signs from Allah (swt).
Ayats (28 - 40): The wrongdoers are led by their own appetites
without real knowledge. True faith, and the nature of sects.
When an affliction befalls people, they call upon Almighty Allah,
but when He relieves them, lo! They start committing shirk.
Commandment has provided to give one's relatives their due and
likewise to the poor and the travellers in need.
Ayats (41 - 53): Mischief in the land is the result of Man's own
misdeeds, which is how Allah (swt) lets them taste the fruit of
their deeds. Allah (swt) sent His Rasools for the guidance of
people; some believed while others rejected. Almighty Allah
subjected the guilty to His retribution and helped the Believers.
Allah (swt) said: "O Prophet, you cannot make the dead to hear
you."
Ayats (44 - 60): It is Allah (swt) Who has created us and shall
bring us to justice on the Day of Judgment.
Scientific References
"In the nearest land, but they, after their defeat, will overcome."
(30:3)
Rum in Geography
9. Allah (swt) told the Prophet (s): "O Prophet! You cannot
make the dead hear you." He was told always to remain
confident that Allah‘s promise will be fulfilled. Hence, he
must not let himself be disturbed by those who lack faith.
So, he was directed to follow the religion of pure human
nature before a day comes when everyone will be
rewarded for their doings.
285
31. Surah Luqman (Lokmaan; The Wise; Wise One)
Revelation
A study of the style and subject matter of the two Surahs on the
whole however shows that Surah Luqman was sent down earlier
for one does not see any sign of the antagonism in its
background, though contrary to this while studying Surah 29: al-
‗Ankabut (The Spider) one can clearly feel that the Muslims were
being severely persecuted during the period of its revelation.
286
3. Signs of tawhid in the heaven and earth. Shirk or
polytheism has no basis.
4. In crisis people turn to the Real Almighty God. Let not the
things of this world deceive you. All knowledge belongs to
Almighty Allah.
As said earlier, Surah Luqman starts with the letters - Alif Laam
Meem. These three letters are amongst various combinations of
fourteen letters that open 29 Surah‘s of the Qur‘an known as
Huroof Muqatta‘at. Allah (swt) did not reveal any specific
meaning attached to them but scholars analyzed those with
Prophetic commentary from Muhammad (s) which performs as a
secret code of security from the Lord Himself.
This Surah is named after the sage Luqman, whose advice to his
son features in ayats 13 to 19. It opens with a description of the
believers and strongly condemns those who attempt to lead
others astray. In this Surah Tawhid is emphasized and Shirk and
its ideas are critically examined. It tells us that those who are
following Shirk they are only blindly following their forefathers.
The true wisdom is to believe in Allah. The advices of Luqman
are also given here to support the same principles.
The disbelievers are warned about the consequences of their
actions and Prophet Muhammad (s) is told not to be saddened by
their actions.
Ayats (12 - 13): Luqman advised his son not to commit Shirk.
Ayats (14 - 19): Rights of the mother and parents. One must obey
his/her parents but not in the matters of Shirk. Luqman‘s advice
about the moral behavior and interaction are depicted here.
287
Ayats (20 - 30): Main reason for being misguided is being
blinded by following one's forefathers. If all the trees were pens
and the oceans were ink, Almighty Allah's words could not be put
into writing. Allah (swt) is the only reality; all others whom
people invoke besides Him are false.
Ayats (31 - 34): O mankind, fear that Day when no father shall
avail his son nor a son his father. Let not the Shaitan deceive you
concerning this fact.
Ibn Abu Hatim said: I was told by my father after Al-‗Abbas Ibn
288
Al-Walid after Zaid Ibn Yahya Ibn ‗Ubaid Al-Khuza‘i after Sa‘id
Ibn Bashir that Qatadah said: Allah Almighty enabled Luqman to
choose between Prophethood and wisdom and he (Luqman)
preferred wisdom to Prophethood. Then, Gabriel came while he
was asleep and poured the wisdom over him. And, he began to
pronounce it the next morning.
Huruf-e-Muqatta‟at
There are 3 Surah that start with simply one muqatta (singular of
muqatta‘at)
1- Surah 38, Suad: Suad
2- Surah 50, Quaf: Quaf
3- Surah 68, Al-Qalam: Noon
There are 9 surah that start with 2 muqatta‘at
1- Surah 20, Ta-Ha: Ta Ha
2- Surah 27, Al-namal: Ta Seen
3- Surah 36, Ya-Sin: Ya Seen
4- Surah 40, Al-momin: ha Meem
5- Surah 41, Al-hameem Sejda: ha Meem
6- Surah 43, Al-Zukhruf: ha Meem
7- Surah 44, Al-Dukhan: ha Meem
8- Surah 45, Al-Jaseya: ha Meem
9- Surah 46, Al-Ahqaf: ha Meem
289
There are 13 sura that start with 3 muqatta‘at
1- Surah 2, Al-Baqra: Alif Laam Meem
2- Surah 3, Ale-Imran: Alif Laam Meem
3- Surah 10, Yunus: Alif Laam Ra
4- Surah 11, Hud: Alif Laam Ra
5- Surah 12, Yusuf: Alif Laam Ra
6- Surah 14, Ibrahim: Alif Laam Ra
7- Surah 15, Al-Hijr: Alif Laam Ra
8- Surah 26, Al-Sho‟ara: Ta Sin Meem
9- Surah 28, Al-Qasas: Ta Sin Meem
10- Surah 29, Al-ankaboot: Alif Laam Meem
11- Surah 30, Al-Room: Alif Laam Meem
12- Surah 31, Luqman: Alif Laam Meem
13- Surah 32, Al-Sejda: Alif Laam Meem
Allāh states clearly in the text that the Qur‘ān is, ‗A Book whereof
the Verses are explained in detail – a Qur‘ān in Arabic for
people who know.‘ (Sūrat al-Fuṣṣilat /ha meem sejda – 41:3).
The Qur‘ān is referred to as a ‗clear proof‘ (6:157) ‗a manifest
light‘ (4:174; 42:52) and it has been ‗fully explained to mankind‘
(17:89; 18:54; 39:27) readers are also encouraged to ‗think
deeply‘ (47:24) about the text. In this particular verse, the Arabic
verb ‗ ‘ت دب رis used: it means ‗to consider, reflect or meditate
upon‘. In other words, although Allāh has stated categorically
that the Qur‘ān is a comprehensively revealed, unambiguous
text, readers are encouraged to reflect on it. Hence, scholars have
put forward a number of views regarding the significance of the
muqatta‘at, their co-occurrence and placement.[3] Traditional
scholars have their opinions to account for their(muqatta‘at)
meaning as follows:[4]
Abdul Rehman bin Zaid bin Aslam is also of this opinion. Allama
Abul Qasim Mehmood bin Umar Zamhashiri in his tafseer has
written that a number of scholars are also in agreement with this
opinion. (Tafseer Ibn Kathir)
Opinion-10: These letters are based upon hard facts and are the
secrets of Allah SWT. It is not possible for the mankind to
explore their realities and factualness. In these such attributes of
Allah SWT are hidden which are beyond human perceptions.
Modern Research
(c) The fact that these letter-openings do not affect the meaning
of the text that follows supports the thesis that they are mere
vocatives.
(d) The thesis is also supported by the fact that, by far the
majority of the Surahs beginning with such openings, 25 out of
29, were revealed during the period when ostracized by people,
the Prophet was sorely in need of reassurance.
This solution does not offer the actual words or meanings which
these letters in each case represent. But that is of secondary or
even negligible importance. Vocation, particles, forms of address,
terms of esteem or appreciation, sobriquets, aliases all these
need have no specific meaning attached to them since they do
295
not affect the sense of the message that follows. It is enough to
know that they are only forms of address to Muhammad varying
according to the circumstances and contents of the message.
Perhaps Muhammad himself understood the words which the
letters in each case represented but was too modest to repeat
them to the scribes; perhaps he merely felt their appreciative
import but was too sincere to replace the feeling with words. In
any case this solution does away with the innumerable far-
fetched conjectures each of which has been discountenanced by
the exponents of others and have together contradicted the claim
of the Qur‘an that its contents are clear and explicit to all who
have approach to it. (The message of Quran -1974-by Dr
Hasim Amir Ali)
References
1- English translation of ‗Tafheem ul Qur‘an‘ by Syed Abul Aala
Maududi
2- Tafseer Ibn Kathir
3- Al-huroof Muqattaat by Dr. Zakir A Naik
4- Tafseer ‗Taisurul Quran‘ by Abdul Rahman Kelani
5- ‗Renaissance‘ (july 2003) – A monthly publication of Al-
Mawrid
297
6- ‗Renaissance‘ (july 2003) – A monthly publication of Al-
Mawrid
7- Massey, Keith (1996) - "A New Investigation into the Mystery
Letters‖ of the Quran" in 'Arabica', Vol. 43 No. 3. pp. 497–501.
8- wikipedia.com [Courtesy:
https://www.facebook.com/notes/qurani-duaain/huruf-e-
muqattaat/10150653461116868/]
298
3. Misguidance in blind following of one's forefathers: Allah
(swt) asks us whether we see or not that everything in the
heavens and earth is for the benefit of humankind. It is
self-evident but there are still those who would argue
about it. When they are told to follow God Almighty‘s
guidance they respond by saying that they will not but will
instead follow the path trodden by their forefathers. They
say this even when Shaitan is inviting them to step into
the Fire.
300
32. Surah As-Sajdah (The Prostration; Bowing forehead
in the ground to Lord Almighty; A state that receives
Vital Energies)
Concise Tafseer of Surah As-Sajdah In Summarized
Form
Revelation
301
3. The Mission of Prophet Musa (a). Take lessons from the
history of other nations. Signs of resurrection in nature.
The Surah reasserts the fact that the Qur‘an is a direct revelation
from Almighty Allah, and goes on to describe His power of
creation, and Might. The beginning of the Surah emphasizes the
truth of the Qur‘an and at the end of Surah - Prophet
Muhammad (s) is told to pay no attention to those who cannot
see the significance of Almighty God‘s signs. As it is a Makki
Surah its main theme is the Oneness of Lord Almighty.
Ayats (23 - 30): The Qur'an is similar to the Book which was
given to the Prophet Musa (a).
Sajdah # 1: Surah Al A‘raf (7) Ayah 206: ―Those who are near to
thy Lord, disdain not to do Him worship: They celebrate His
praises, and bow down before Him.‖
Sajdah # 3: Surah Al Nahl (16) Ayah 50: ―They all revere their
Lord, high above them, and they do all that they are
commanded.‖
Sajdah # 4: Surah Al Isra‘ (17) Ayah 109: ―They fall down on their
faces in tears, and it increases their (earnest) humility.‖
Sajdah # 6: Surah Al Hajj (22) Ayah 18: ―Seest thou not that to
Allah bow down in worship all things that are in the heavens and
on earth,- the sun, the moon, the stars; the hills, the trees, the
animals; and a great number among mankind? But a great
number are (also) such as are fit for Punishment: and such as
Allah shall disgrace, - None can raise to honour: for Allah carries
out all that He wills.‖
304
Sajdah # 7: Surah Al Hajj (22) Ayah 77: ―O ye who believe! bow
down, prostrate yourselves, and adore your Lord; and do good;
that ye may prosper.‖
Sajdah # 10: Surah Al Sajdah (32) Ayah 15: ―Only those believe in
Our Signs, who, when they are recited to them, fall down in
adoration, and celebrate the praises of their Lord, nor are they
(ever) puffed up with pride.‖
Sajdah # 11: Surah Sad (38) Ayah 24: ―(David) said: ―He has
undoubtedly wronged thee in demanding thy (single) ewe to be
added to his (flock of) ewes: truly many are the partners (in
business) who wrong each other: Not so do those who believe
and work deeds of righteousness, and how few are they?‖ …and
David gathered that We had tried him: he asked forgiveness of
his Lord, fell down, bowing (in prostration), and turned (to Allah
in repentance).‖
Sajdah # 14: Surah Al Inshiqaq (84) Ayah 21: ―And when the
Quran is read to them, they fall not prostrate,‖
Sajdah # 15: Surah Al Alaq (96) Ayah 19: ―Nay, heed him not: But
bow down in adoration, and bring thyself the closer (to Allah)!‖
305
There is a special reward for those who forsake their
beds and invoke their Rabb with fear and hope, and
spend in charity.
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the
Messenger of Allah said: Allah says: "I have prepared for My
righteous servants what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and it
has never crossed the mind of man.''(32:17) Abu Hurayrah said:
"Recite, if you wish: "No person knows what is kept hidden for
them of delights of eyes." It was also recorded by Muslim and At-
Tirmidhi. At-Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.''
306
ignored the meeting planned for Judgment Day and now
you will be ignored by God. Disbelievers will taste the
punishment for all of eternity. But God‘s word will be
fulfilled and Hell will be filled with jinn and humankind.
307
33. Surah Al-Ahzab (The Allies; The Clans; The
Coalition; The Combined Forces; The Conferates)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Ahzab In Summarized
Form
Revelation
After the setback of the Battle of Uhud (3 AH), the pagan Arabs
morale boosted up, Jews and hypocrites started to entertain their
hope of destroying Islam completely soon.
308
In the same month of Safar, on the request of a chief of Bani
Amir, Prophet Muhammad (s) sent another deputation of 40
(according to others, 70) preachers, consisting of the Ansar
young men, to Najd. But they were also betrayed. The people of
Usayyah and Ri'l and Dhakwan, tribes of Bani Sulaim,
surrounded them suddenly at Bir Maunah and slew all of them.
Meanwhile the Jewish tribe of Bani an-Nadir of Madinah, getting
encouragement, continued to commit breaches of the treaties; so
much so that in Rabi'ul Awwal 4 AH, they plotted against the life
of Prophet Muhammad (s) himself.
Bani Nadir plot was disclosed. They have been ordered to leave
Madinah within ten days, if they remain after that they would be
put to death. After ten days, although they were encouraged to
defy the order of Muhammad (s) by Abdullah bin Ubayy, no one
came to help them. So, they surrendered under one condition,
―every three of them would be allowed to carry whatever load
they could in camel.‖ Bani an-Nadir‘s gardens and fortresses and
other properties left in the hand of Muslims. And the people of
this treacherous tribe became scattered in Khyber, Wad il Qura
and Syria.
Prophet Muhammad (s) waited for him at Badr for eight days;
the Muslims during these days did profitable business with a
trading party. This incident helped more than restore the image
of strength of the Muslims that had been tarnished at Uhud. It
also made the whole of Arabia realize that the Quraysh alone
could no longer resist Muhammad (s).
A perusal of the theme and the background shows that the Surah
is not a single discourse which was sent down in one piece but it
consists of several injunctions, commandments and discourses.
These were sent down one after the other in connection with the
311
important events of the time and then were put together in one
Surah. Its following parts stand out clearly distinguished from
one another.
Ayats (21 - 27): The life of Rasool of Allah Muhammad (s) is the
best model for us. Allah (swt) helped the Muslims gain victory
over the unbelievers and the Jewish tribes in Madinah and
Khaiber.
Ayats (41 - 52): The Prophet (s) is sent as a bearer of good news,
a Warner and a lamp spreading light. No women has to do Iddat
(waiting period for remarriage) is required if divorced before
sexual intimacy. Prophet Muhammad (s) was given special
permission to marry more than four wives.
After this commandment Allah (swt) ordained restriction on the
Prophet to marry or divorce any further.
Ayats (53 - 58): Do not enter the houses of the Prophet without
permission, and if invited, do not seek long conversation. Do not
marry the Rasool's wives after his death. Allah Himself and His
angels send blessings on the Prophet, O Believers invoke Allah's
blessings for him.
Ayats (69 - 73): O Believers! Fear Allah and always say the right
thing. The heavens, earth and mountains refuse to take Allah's
(swt) Trust but Man took it.
Allah has never put two hearts within one person's body;[1] nor
has He made your wives, whom you compare to your mothers'
backs (to divorce them),[2] your true mothers; nor has He made
those whom you adopt as sons your own sons.[3] These are only
words that you utter with your mouths. But Allah proclaims the
Truth and directs you to the Right Path. (33:4)
1. That is, one and the same person cannot be a believer and a
hypocrite, truthful and false, wicked and righteous, at one and
the same time. He does not have two hearts in this chest that one
should have sincerity in it and the other fearlessness of God.
Therefore, a man can have only one kind of character at a time:
either he will be a believer or a hypocrite, a disbeliever or a
Muslim. Now if you call a believer a hypocrite, or a hypocrite a
believer, it will not change the reality. The true character of the
person will inevitably remain the same.
314
1. The order to have taqwa of Allah (swt) with fear and hope,
and not to obey the unbelievers and the hypocrites.
believers.
15. The Prophet Muhammad (s) is not the father of any of the
men but a Rasool and Seal of the Prophethood.
18. Allah (swt) Himself and His angels send blessings on the
Prophet (s), and the believers are commanded to do the
same.
19. The trust of Allah was presented to the heavens, the earth
and the mountains: they refused to take that
responsibility but the human took it.
316
34. Surah Saba‟ (The Sabaeans)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Saba‟ In Summarized Form
Revelation
317
4. The wrong leaders will leave their followers on the Day of
Judgment, the discussion of their mutual recrimination.
On the one hand, there were the Prophets Daud (a) and
Sulaiman (a) had been blessed by God Almighty with great
powers, such grandeur and glory as had been granted to hardly
any people before them. In spite of this they were not proud and
arrogant but remained grateful servants of their Lord. They were
never rebellious. On the other hand, there were the people of
Saba who when blessed by Almighty God became proud and
were consequently so thoroughly destroyed and dispersed as to
be remembered only in myths and legends.
Ayats (1 – 9): The Hour is surely going to come and the Day of
Judgment shall be established to reward the believers and
punish those who discredit Allah's revelations. Those who do not
believe in the Hereafter are doomed.
Ayats (10 - 21): The mountains and birds used to sing Allah's
(swt) Rhymes with the Prophet Daud (a). Almighty Allah
subjected the winds and jinns to Sulaiman (a). Claim of people
that Jinns know the unseen, is wrong. The people of Saba'
rejected Allah's (swt) blessings and disbelieved in the Hereafter,
so Almighty Allah made them merely a tale of the past.
Ayats (31 - 36): Those who disbelieve in the Qur'an and prior
scriptures will have yokes placed around their necks before being
tossed into hell.
Ayats (37 - 45): Wealth and children are not the indications of
Allah's (swt) pleasure. It is belief that brings one close to
Almighty Allah not the wealth or children. Whatever we spend in
charity, Allah (swt) will pay us back. About the prophet and the
Qur‘an, unbeliever states, ―We are more [than the believers] in
wealth and children, and we are not to be punished.‖
Ayats (46 - 54): The unbelievers are asked to ponder upon their
wrong statements – the Truth has come, falsehood neither
originates nor restores anything. On the Day of
Judgment the unbelievers will want to believe but it will be of no
avail to them.
But they said: ―Our Lord! Make the stages between our
journey longer,‖ and they wronged themselves; so We made
320
Straight Path, they enjoyed happiness and ease.
This means that the term Saba‘ covers all these tribes; among
them also were At- Tababi `ah (Sing. Tubba) in the Yemen. Bilqis
was from among the Himyar kings who ruled the Yemen. They
lived in happiness and ease, with abundance of sustenance:
fruits, plants, etc., and they were righteous people who followed
the straight path, but when they denied the Grace of Allah they
inevitably incurred upon themselves and their peoples
destruction and devastation.
The main point is, they replaced guidance with misguidance and
321
prostrated before the sun instead of Allah the Almighty. This
practice was seen during the era of Bilqis and her ancestors and
continued till Allah sent over them a flood released from the
dam. Allah the Almighty says:
―But they turned away (from the obedience of Allah), so We sent
against them Sail Al-`Arim (flood released from the dam), and
We converted their two gardens into gardens producing bitter
bad fruit, and tamarisks, and some few lote trees. Like this We
requited them because they were ungrateful disbelievers. And
never do We requite in such a way except those who are
ungrateful (disbelievers)‖ (Saba‟, 34:16,17)
They worshipped other than Allah the Almighty and dealt with
His Grace arrogantly. Allah had made the stages of their journey
easy and they used to travel safely by night and day, but they
asked Allah to make the stages between their journeys longer and
322
severer. Thus, they asked for the good to be turned into what is
bad like the Children of Israel who asked Allah the Almighty to
turn Manna and quails into herbs, cucumbers, Fum (wheat or
garlic), lentils and onions. They were deprived of that great
blessing and comprehensive grace; their land was destroyed and
they themselves were scattered all over the globe. Allah the
Almighty says:
―But they turned away (from the obedience of Allah), so We sent
against them Sail Al-`Arim (flood released from the dam)‖
(Saba‟, 34:16)
Many scholars said that Allah the Almighty sent mice or rats on
the bases of the dam, and though they tried to get rid of the rats
by bringing cats to eat them up, it was in vain. The bases became
very weak and finally the dam collapsed and the water drowned
everything. Their good fruit trees turned into – as explained by
Allah the Almighty – bad ones: “And We converted their
two gardens into gardens producing bitter bad fruit,
and tamarisks and some few lote-trees.”
Allah the All Mighty sends His severe punishment to only those
who disbelieve in Him and belie His Messengers, disobey His
Orders, and violate His Boundaries. Allah says:
―So We made them as tales (in the land), and We dispersed them
all totally‖ (Saba, 34:19)
323
Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, in his The Prophet‟s Biography
[Kitab As-Sirah], said that the first to quit Yemen before the Sail
Al-‗Arim (the flood released from the dam) was Amr Ibn ‗Amir
Al-Lukhami. Lukhami was the son of ‗Adyi Ibn Al-Harith Ibn
Murrah Ibn Azd Ibn Zaid Ibn Muha‘ Ibn ‗Amr Ibn ‗Uraib Ibn
Yashjub Ibn Zaid Ibn Kahlan Ibn Saba‘.
Ibn Ishaq said that he was told by Abu Zaid Al-Ansari that Amr
Ibn ‗Amir Al-Lukhami saw a rat digging beneath the dam of
Ma‘rab and realized that the dam would not stand long.
Then Allah the Almighty sent the flood against the dam and it
collapsed. The Glorious Qur‘an bears witness to this incident.
As narrated by As-Sadi and later stated by Muhammad Ibn
Ishaq, ‗Amr Ibn `Amir was a priest. Others said that his wife was
Tarifah Bint Al-Khair Al-Himyariyah and that she was a
priestess. It was she who foretold the destruction of their country
as they saw an indication in the rat, and hence they moved away.
Allah knows best! His whole story was mentioned in the Exegesis
on the authority of `Ikriamh after Ibn Abu Hatim. However, not
all the people of Saba‘ moved from Yemen after the collapsing of
the dam, but the majority stayed there. Only the people of the
Dam (Ma‘rab) went away and dispersed in the land.
324
It is stated in the Hadith, that was narrated by `Abdullah Ibn
`Abbas, that the majority of the Yemenites did not move from
Yemen. Only four tribes quitted but six tribes stayed. They
continued to live there and kept their rule – for about seventy
years – till they were deprived of their own self-rule by the army
sent by the Negus under the command of Abraha and Aryat.
Then, it was regained by Saif Ibn Dhi Yazan AI-Himyari shortly
before Prophet Muhammad‘s birth. Then, Allah‘s Prophet (Peace
be upon him) sent to Yemen `Ali Ibn Abu Talib and Khalid Ibn
Al-Walid, then Abu Musa Al- Ash`ari and Mu`adh Ibn Jabal to
invite the people to embrace Islam. Al- Aswad Al-`Ansi seized
the Yemen and drove out the deputies of Allah‘s Messenger
(S.A.W.S). During the era of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Al-Aswad Al-
`Ansi was killed and the Muslims had the upper hand in Yemen.
325
6. Muhammad (s) is sent as a Rasool for the whole of
mankind.
326
35. Surah Fatir (The Originator; The Creator; The
Origantor of Creation)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Fatir In Summarized Form
This Surah is also named, ―Al Malayika‖ – the angels. Both words
(Al Fatir and Al Malyika) appear in the 1st ayah. ―Fatir‖ is one of
the attributes of Allah (swt) which means, ―the originator‖. This
Surah has 45 ayats and 5 Ruku‘ (Section).
In this Surah Allah (swt) warns the non-believers on their
negative attitude towards Islam and Prophet Muhammad (s).
The basic message is also explained to them.
Revelation
327
Subject Matter of the Surah
Allah (swt) mentions the wings of the angels in the first ayah. His
power is confirmed and contrasted with the powerlessness of
idols. The polytheists of Makkah claimed these to be Allah‘s
daughters and so they worshipped them in the form of statues.
Angels are a creation of Allah (swt), and have been employed by
Him; to perform various tasks but they have no power of their
own.
Ayats (27 - 37): Those who recite the Qur'an, establish Salah
328
(prayer) and give charity may hope for Allah's (swt) blessings
and rewards. A painful punishment in the hellfire forever has
been prepared for the disbelievers.
Ayats (38 - 45): Almighty Allah has not sent any Book which has
a provision of Shirk (worshipping anyone else besides Almighty
Allah). Plotting evil recoils none but the author of it. If Allah
(swt) was to punish people for their wrong doings, He would
have not left even an animal around.
They will cry out in Hell and say: ―Our Lord, let us out so that we
may act righteously, different from what we did before.‖ (They
will be told): ―Did we not grant you an age long enough for
anyone to take heed if he had wanted to take heed? 1 Besides,
there came a warner to you. So have a taste of the torment now.
None may come to the help of the wrong-doers.‖ (35:37)
6. No one can make those who are buried in the grave hear
him/her: The seeing and the blind are not the same, nor
are darkness and light, or heat and shade. The living and
the dead are not equal. Prophet Muhammad (s) is a
warner who has been sent with the truth. Every
331
community was sent a warner, and many of them were
called liars even though they came with clear signs,
scriptures and enlightening revelations.
8. Plotting evil recoils none but the author of it: Evil plots
only entrap the plotters. All power belongs to Lord
Almighty and a severe torment belongs to those who plot
and plan. Their plans will come to nothing. Muhammad
(s) is told he would not be able to guide the people whose
evil deeds are made alluring to them. The truth is that God
Almighty chooses who will be guided and who will be left
to wander in the dark, so better not feel regret. Allah (swt)
is aware of everything they do. He is the one who revives
the earth with winds and clouds after it has been dead; in
much the same way the Resurrection will take place.
332
9. If Almighty Allah was to punish people for their wrong
doing, He would have not left even an animal around
them: Disbelievers of Makkah swore that if a warner came
to them they would have believed. The warner did come
but they treated him with hostility. Are they waiting for
the same end as the end that came to previous more
superior nations? Allah‘s (swt) methods have not changed.
If God Almighty were to punish the people for their sins,
there would not be a single person left on the planet. But
He gives them respite, and on the Day of Resurrection
mankind will be brought to account. Each person will be
rewarded or punished according to what they did.
333
36. Surah Ya Sin
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ya Sin In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah with Arabic
letters, ―( ‖يسyā sīn) which called as Muqatta‘at (meaning,
"disconnected" or "mysterious"). Out of the 114 Surahs of the
Qur‘an, 29 Surahs are figuring with this type beginning just after
the Bismillah. The letters are also known as fawātiḥ ( )ف اتحor
"openers" as they form the opening ayah of their respective
Surahs. The Surah has 83 ayats and 5 Ruku‘ (Section).
Revelation
A study of the style shows that it was either sent down during the
last stage of the middle Makki period, or it is one of those Surahs
which were sent down during the last stage of the Prophet‘s stay
at Makkah.
334
5. Reminders about death and the Day of Judgment.
Ayats (13 – 32): The example of three Prophets who were sent to
a town; all the people denied them except one man who came
from across the town. Almighty Allah blessed the man who
believed with Paradise and destroyed the disbelievers.
Ayats (33 - 50): Allah (swt) has created all things in pairs. The
day, night, sun and moon; all are being regulated by Almighty
335
Allah. The depiction of disbeliever's attitude towards spending in
the way of Allah is noted.
Ayats (68 - 83): The Qur'an is to warn those who are alive and to
establish charge against the disbelievers. Allah (swt), who has
created man, shall give him life again for accountability on the
Day of Judgment.
336
recites Surah Yasin at night seeking the pleasure of Allah, His
sins will be forgiven.‖ Muwatta Imam Malik, Sahih ibn Hibban
vol.6 pg.312 (see al-Targhib vol.2 pg.377) A similar narration is
reported by Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (radiyallahu‘anhu) and has
been recorded by Imam Abu Ya‘ala in his Musnad. Hafiz Ibn
Kathir has classified its chain of narrators as good (jayyid).
[Tafsir ibn Kathir vol.3 pg.570]
Imam Ahmad has narrated in his Musnad from Safwan that, ‗The
scholars use to say that when it is recited by the deceased, Allah
creates ease for him/her.‘ [See Tafsir ibn Kathir vol.3
pg.571]
"The town" has not been clearly defined in the Qur'an nor in any
authentic Hadith. The identity of the messengers or the time
when they sent is also not known through any authentic Hadith.
The people of `Ad had said the same about the Prophet Hud:
"This person is no more than a human being like yourselves, for
he eats of what you eat and drinks of what you drink. Now if you
submit to a human being like yourselves, you will indeed be the
losers. ―(AI-Mu'minun: 33-34)
The people of Thamud also said the same about the 'Prophet
337
Salih: `Shall we follow a man from among ourselves?" (AI-
Qamar: 24). And the same thing happened with almost every
Prophet that the disbelievers said: "You are no more than a
human being like ourselves," and the Prophets always replied: It
is true that we are no more than human beings like you, but
Allah SWT shows His favour to anyone of His servants He
pleases." (Ibrahim: 10-11)
Ibn Ishaq cites Ibn Abbas, according to what had been narrated
through Ka‘ab Al-Ahbar, and Wahb Ibn Munabbah: "It is
Antioch city, which had a king named Antiochus Ibn Antiochus
Ibn Antiochus, and he used to worship idols. Then Allah SWT
sent him three messengers called: Sadiq, Sadouq and Shalom.
But the king belied them. This was also narrated by Buraida Ibn
Al-Khasib, ‗Ikrimah, Qatadah, and Az-Zuhri, all said "it was
Antioch" (Ibn Kathir)
Ibn Kathir goes on to say "And from what has preceded, and
according to many of our salaf, this village is Antioch, and that
these three were messengers of 'Isa (pbuh)", but he raises these
objections: 1) the simple reading is that these were Messengers of
Allah's SWT, not of Isa' (pbuh) 2) in this verse the messengers
are rejected and the town punished, which doesn't appear to
have happened to Antioch after the time of the 'Isa (pbuh). 3)
After the revelation of the Torah, Allah SWT required believers
not only to warn idolaters, but to fight them (which we don't see
by the disciples).
Also it can be noted that during 'Isa's (pbuh) time, the Romans
controlled Antioch, and there had been no Seleucid king there
since 65 BCE. Unlike the city in our ayah, Antioch eagerly
accepted the message of Christianity and thrived as a city.
Further ahaddith provide additional details:
Salmah Ibn Al-Fadl reported that Muhammad Ibn Ishaq told
him when they were discussing Ya-Sin chapter 36 of the Noble
Qur'an and through a chain of narrators; Ibn Abbas, from Ka'ab,
from Wahb Ibn Munabbah, say that it was a man from Antioch
people, and his name was Habib, his craft was weaving silk, and
he was a sick man; leprosy spread in his body. He lived in a
338
house nearby the city doors where he conducted his trading
business; he was a charitable righteous person. He used to earn
his living, split his earnings, gives half of it to his children and
the rest to charity. There used to live a Pharaoh in this same city
of Habib, and his name was Antiochus Ibn Antiochus. He used to
worship idols; he was a polytheist. Allah SWT sent his three
messengers for this Pharaoh; they were called Sadik, Masdouk
and Shalom. Allah SWT sent the first two messengers and when
the Pharaoh belied them Allah re-enforced them with a third.
(Mohamed Ibn Isacc Narration)
342
7. The Qur‘an is a warning, a gauge between right and
wrong: Allah (swt) could have left humankind without
guidance but because of His mercy he did not. They could
have been left blind without the means to see, or
deformed without the means to move either forward or
backward but He did not. Prophet Muhammad (s) is not a
poet; he was not given mere poetry; rather, he was given a
clear book of guidance, the Qur‘an. Out of the many
blessings Lord Almighty has bestowed upon us: livestock.
He created it for our general use, to be used as a means of
transportation, for food and milk, and for other benefits.
Instead of giving thanks to Lord Almighty for this
blessing, the disbelievers have taken other deities besides
Him for worship and even call upon them for help but
they cannot help! The Qur'an does not benefit except
those who are alive, "To warn whoever is alive and justify
the word against the disbelievers." (36:70)
343
37. Surah As-Saffat (Those who set the ranks; Those
Lined Up; Those Ranged in Rows; The Rangers)
Concise Tafseer of Surah As-Saffat In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, "By those lined
up in rows." (37:1). This Surah is the first Surah in the Qur‘an
which begins with an oath by Saaffat, a group of angels who are
in array to perform the command of Allah (swt). Three groups
are mentioned in the form of an oath confirming Almighty
Allah‘s Oneness. The first are angels standing in rows, the second
are the angels that reprimand and thirdly those angels that recite
Allah‘s (swt) words. The Surah has 182 ayats in 5 Ruku‘
(Section).
Revelation
The subject matter shows that this Surah was probably sent
down in the middle or last stage of the middle of Makki period.
This was the time when the Prophet (s) and his companions (ra)
were passing through very difficult and unfavourable
circumstances.
1. The Lord of the heaven and earth is one God. The mockers
at the Prophet of God Almighty will one day see the truth.
The Day of Judgment will dawn suddenly.
5. How Prophet Yunus (a) was delivered from the belly of the
whale. Angels are not Almighty Allah's daughters; they are
Allah's (swt) servants. Allah's messengers will succeed.
The Surah deals with the subject of angels and jinns, and the
stories of Prophets - Nuh (a), Ibrahim (a), Musa (a), Harun (a),
Ilyas (a) and Yunus (a), to show us how peace and victory came
by these Prophets, against their conflict against evil.
In the end the disbelievers have been plainly warned that the
Prophet, whom they are mocking and ridiculing, will overwhelm
them in spite of their power and wealth and they will find the
army of Lord Almighty encamping in the very courtyards of their
houses.
Ayats (22 - 74): A scene from the Day of Judgment and a treat for
the wrongdoers. A dialogue between the followers and the
leaders is included here. A scene from the scenes of Paradise is
depicted here. An example of conversation of a resident of
Paradise is presented. A scene from the scenes of Hell has been
345
vividly portrait.
Ayats (75 - 113): The Prophet Nuh (a) prayed and Almighty Allah
responded to his prayers. The story of the Prophet Ibrahim (a),
"The Friend of Allah" is here. The Prophet Ibrahim (a) was asked
to offer his only son in sacrifice as a test and he fulfilled it.
347
including flowing rivers of wine and beautiful
companions. The inhabitants of Paradise will converse
with each other. One person will ask about a friend who
did not believe and will be able to see him in the midst of
the Fire. To contrast the difference between Paradise and
Hell, Almighty Allah asks what is better this (the Gardens
of Delight) or the Zaqqum tree? This tree growing devils‘
heads in the midst of the Fire will be the food of those in
Hell together with scalding water to drink. The
disbelievers made fun of a tree growing in a fire but it will
become their reality because they followed their
forefathers into disbelief even though they were warned.
349
7. Story of Prophet Yunus a (Jonah): Prophet Yunus (a) fled
from his disbelieving people to an overloaded ship where
they drew lots in order to stay on board. Being swallowed
by a whale was his just punishment but he was delivered
from harm because he had been one of Almighty God‘s
devoted believers. He was cast ashore and Allah (swt)
protected him from the elements and a serious illness.
God Almighty then provided him with a large nation who
believed in him and they were permitted to live out their
lives.
350
38. Surah Sad
Concise Tafseer of Surah Saad In Summarized Form
The Surah takes its name from the letter 'Sad' which is in the first
ayah, "Sad. By the Qur'an containing reminder..." (38:1). This
type of letter is called as Muqatta‘at (meaning, "disconnected" or
"mysterious"). Out of the 114 Surahs of the Qur‘an, 29 Surahs
are figuring with this type beginning just after the Bismillah. The
letters are also known as fawātiḥ ( )ف اتحor "openers" as they form
the opening ayah of their respective Surahs.
Revelation
This Surah was sent down when Muhammad (s) started calling
people to Islam in Makkah according to some traditions. If this
true it was revealed in the 4th year of Prophethood. To some
other traditions this Surah was revealed after Umar (ra)
embraced Islam which happened after the migration to Habash
in about 5th year of Prophethood. Another chain of traditions
indicate that it was send down during the last illness of Abu
Talib, uncle of the Prophet, i.e. 10th or 11th year of Prophethood.
The Surah talks about the basic message of all the Prophets and
Messengers of Allah (the Lord Almighty). They came to preach
Tawhid. The Prophets suffered and went through a lot of
hardship in presenting Allah's message. Their enemies attacked
them and persecuted them, but then finally it was the truth that
prevailed and falsehood was defeated. Power and riches all come
from Almighty Allah.
Then describing nine of the Prophets, one after the other, Nuh
352
(a), Ibrahim (a), Lut (a), Musa (a), Harun (a), Ilyas (a), Ayyub (a)
and Yunus (a) with greater details of the story of the Prophets
Daud (a) and Sulaiman (a); God Almighty has emphasized the
point that His Law of Justice is impartial and objective, that only
the right attitude of man is acceptable to Him, that He calls to
account and punishes every wrongdoer.
Ayats (15 - 26): The story of the Prophet Daud (a) with whom
mountains and birds used to sing the rhymes of Almighty Allah.
Here includes the story of the two petitioners who came to Daud
(a) for a decision.
Ayats (27 - 40): Allah (swt) has not created the heavens and the
earth in vain. The story of Sulaiman's (a) inspection of steeds to
be used in Jihad. The Prophet Sulaiman's (a) prayer of granting
him a kingdom, similar of which may not be granted to anyone
else.
Ayats (41 - 64): The story of Ayub (a) - Job, his sickness and
relief. The Qur'an is but a reminder about the reward of Paradise
and punishment of the hellfire.
353
Virtue of the Surah
354
c. Thereare three combinations of three letters, each
occurring in 13 surahs.
355
حمHa Meem – Ch. 42:1 – Surah Ash Shura (The
Consultation)
358
39. Surah Az-Zumar (The Troops; The Groups; The
Throngs)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Az-Zumar In Summarized
Form
Revelation
The entire Surah was sent down in a time when the environment
was filled with tyranny and persecution. And that time was
before the emigration to Habash. The Believers were told not to
despair and lose heart. Giving up Tauhid and accepting Shirk has
terrible consequence. In order to return to the mercy of Rabb one
must avoid wrong way of life and avoids Shirk, if it is difficult for
them to practice their religion in one place, they can migrate
from the land. The unbelievers are told that they can do whatever
they wish, but they cannot turn the Believers away from the path
of faith.
359
1. To Almighty Allah belongs the pure and sincere religion.
The principle of Tauhid and its benefits. The evil of Shirk
and its consequences.
Ayats (10 - 21): Believers who cannot practice their faith (Islam)
should migrate to other places where they can do so. The real
losers are those who shall lose their souls and their families on
the Day of Judgment. No one can rescue the one against whom
the sentence of punishment has been decreed.
Ayats (32 - 41): Who can be wicked than the one who invents a
lie against Almighty Allah? If Allah (swt) intends to harm one, no
one can save him/her and if He intends to bestow His blessings
on someone, no one can withhold it.
Ayats (53 - 63): Those who have transgressed against their souls
should not despair of Almighty Allah's mercy; they should repent
while they can.
361
Ayats (64 - 70): Worship Allah (swt) and be among His thankful
servants and On the Day of Judgment, the Book of Deeds will be
laid open and justice will be done with all fairness.
―One who recites Surah al-Zumar shall not lose hope of Divine
Mercy and shall be recompensed the rewards of the God
fearing.‖ [Majma‟ al-Bayan, the opening of the Surah]
3. The real losers are those who lose their souls and families
on the Day of Judgment: The losers are those who lose
themselves and their families on the Day of Judgment;
they will be under layers of fire. Those who shun the
worship of false gods are the people of understanding, and
they will have dwellings built for them in gardens under
which rivers flow. This is the promise of Almighty Allah.
6. None except Allah can save those who have been doomed
to the Fire: The disbelievers threaten Prophet Muhammad
(s) with what they worship other than Lord Almighty. If
He allows a person to stray none can guide him, but if He
guides someone none can lead him astray. They say that
Almighty God created the heavens and the earth, so ask
them why do they invoke something other than Almighty
Allah! Can they remove harm; can they give or withhold
mercy!? Why worship something other than Almighty
Allah when we have been warned both now, and in the
past, about the danger of ascribing partners to God
Almighty. Our work will become worthless, and we will be
among the losers. On the Day of Resurrection, Lord
Almighty will roll up the heavens in His right hand, the
trumpet will sound, and everyone will fall down senseless
364
except those who Lord Almighty spares. The trumpet will
sound again causing everyone to stand upright. The earth
will shine, the book of deeds will be opened, and the
prophets and witnesses will be called. On the Day of
Judgment everyone's Book of Deeds shall be laid open and
justice shall be done with all fairness.
365
40. Surah Al Mu'min (The Believer), also known as
Surah Al Ghafir (The Forgiver)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Az Zumar In Summarized
Form
Revelation
This Surah was revealed after Surah Az-Zumar, and its present
position in the order of the Surahs in the Qur‘an is the same as
its chronological order.
366
First, the disbelievers of Makkah were creating all kinds of
suspicion and misgiving in the minds of the people about the
teachings of the Qur‘an, the message of Islam and the Prophet.
Prophet (s) and the believers were sick of trying to answer them.
Second, they were also preparing the groundwork for the
assassination of the Prophet Muhammad (s). They were devising
one plot after the other.
The story of a Believer from the people of Pharaoh has been cited
to answer the conspiracy of murder. The disbelievers were
warned to desist themselves from wrangling against the
revelation of Allah (swt). Hey would surely be doomed and face
the same fate of the nations of the past, worst punishment in the
hereafter awaiting. At that time, if they repent will be of no avail.
367
mighty Pharaoh and his army could not help him against
the wrath of Almighty Allah.
In all the nations which came one after the other since the
creation of the world, Almighty Allah has sent His messengers
368
to guide the people to the truth but they all faced rejection from a
majority of the people. We human beings are so perceptive of
profit and loss in all areas of life. We don‘t do anything for free.
Even a child evaluates what he will gain out of any situation. So
how strange it is if we are not bothered about gaining any benefit
from our entire life? Lord Almighty has blessed each one of us
with unique talents and capabilities and to attain the highest
level of success we need to use these talents and live a productive
wholesome life.
Ayats (10 - 20): A scene from the Day of Judgment. Furtive looks
and the secret thoughts of the unbelievers are depicted that cling
into the heart. Allah (swt) judges with truth, while those they
invoke besides Him judge not with anything.
Ayats (21 - 27): Those who denied the Prophets and Almighty
Allah's revelations were all destroyed. The Prophet Musa (a) was
sent to Fir‗aun (Pharaoh), Haman and Qarun. Pharaoh intended
to kill the Prophet Musa.
Ayats (51 - 60): Allah (swt) does help His Rasools and the
369
believers in this world's life and will help them in the life
hereafter. Our Rabb says: "Call on Me; I will answer your
prayers".
Ayats (79 - 85): Cattle are the signs of Allah (swt) for the people
of understanding. Belief after seeing the scourge of Allah (swt) is
of no avail to the disbelievers.
Al-Ghafir
The root gh-f-r has given rise to three names in the Qur'an:
Ghaffar, Ghaffur and Ghafir. However, only Ghaffar and Ghaffur
were included in the list of 99 names narrated by Tirmidhi. The
difference between Al-Ghaffar and Al-Ghafur has been explained
by various means. Traditionally, Al-Ghaffar is translated as "The
Forgiving". This type of forgiveness is a continuous and
repetitive action. No matter how many times a person may sin,
God can continually forgive him/her for his/her sins.
372
4. Story of the Prophet Musa (a), and an excellent speech of
one of the relatives of Fir'aon (Pharaoh): Musa (a) was
sent to Pharaoh, Haman, and Qarun with Almighty God‘s
authority but they called him a magician and a liar. They
rejected the truth and ordered the sons of the believers to
be killed. Finally, Pharaoh said he wanted to kill Musa (a)
himself. And Musa (a) sought refuge with God Almighty.
A believer among the relatives of Pharaoh advised him to
think carefully about why he would kill a man who might
be speaking the truth. Pharaoh knew Musa (a) was right
but lied and said he was only saying what he believed to be
right and that he was guiding to the right way. The
believing advisor warned his people against how previous
disbelieving nations were destroyed. He reminded them
about Yusuf (a) –Joseph, who came with clear signs, but
their doubt remained. Rejecting the truth with clear signs
is a despicable attitude, and God Almighty seals the heart
of the arrogant ones. The believing advisor urged people
to follow the right way. He said that this life was only
temporary while the home in the Hereafter was
permanent.
374
41. Surah Ha Mim As-Sajdah, also known as Surah
Fussilat (Explained in Detail)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ha Mim As-Sajdah/ Surah
Fussilat In Summarized Form
Revelation
This Surah was revealed after Hamza (ra) embraced Islam &
before Umar (ra) embraced Islam during the early stages of
Prophet‘s life at Makkah after Prophet-hood – according to
authentic Traditions. (Ibn Hisham, vol. I, pp. 313-314)
This was the time when Hadrat Hamzah had already embraced
Islam and the people of the Quraysh were feeling upset at the
growing numbers of the Muslims. On this occasion, Utbah bin
Rabi'ah (the father-in-law of Abu Sufyan) said to the Quraysh
chiefs: "Gentlemen, if you like I would go and speak to
Muhammad (upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings) and put
375
before him some proposals; maybe that he accepts one of them,
to which we may also agree, and so he stops opposing us."
They all agreed to this, and Utbah went and sat by the Prophet
(s). When the Prophet (s) turned to him, he said: "Nephew, you
know the high status that you enjoy in the community by virtue
of your ancestry and family relations, but you have put your
people to great trouble: you have created divisions among them
and you consider them to be fools: you talk ill of their religion
and gods, and say things as though all our forefathers were
pagans. Now listen to me and I shall make some suggestions.
Consider them well: maybe that you accept one of them." The
Prophet (s) said: "Abul Walid, say what you want to say and I
shall listen to you." He said, "Nephew, if by what you are doing,
you want wealth, we will give you enough of it so that you will be
the richest man among us; if you want to become an important
man, we will make you our chief and will never decide a matter
without you; if you want to be a king, we will accept you as our
king; and if you are visited by a jinn, whom you cannot get rid of
by your own power, we will arrange the best physicians and have
you treated at our own expense." 'Utbah went on speaking in this
strain and the Prophet (s) went on listening to him quietly.
Then he said, "Have you said, O Abul Walid, what you had to
say?" He replied that he had. The Prophet (s) said: "Well, now
listen to me.‖ Then pronouncing Bismilah ir Rehman-ir-Raihm
he began to recite this very Surah, and Utbah kept on listening to
it, putting his hands behind his back and leaning on them as he
listened.
Then, when he came back and sat down, the people asked, "What
376
have you heard?" He replied, "By God! I have heard something
the like of which I had never heard before. By God, it's neither
poetry, nor sorcery, nor magic. O chiefs of the Quraysh, listen to
what I say and leave this man to himself. I think what he recites
is going to have its effect. If the other Arabs overcome him, you
will be saved from raising your band against your brother, and
the others will deal with him. But if he overcame Arabia, his
sovereignty would be your sovereignty and his honour your
honour." Hearing this, the chiefs spoke out:" You too, O father of
Walid, have been bewitched by his tongue." Utbah replied, "I
have given you my opinion; now you may act as you please."
(Ibn Hisham, vol. I, pp. 313-314)
This story has been narrated by several other traditionists also
on the authority of Hadrat Jabir bin Abdullah in different ways,
with a little variation in wording.
In some traditions it has also been related that when during the
recitation the Prophet (s) had come to ayah 13, viz."If they turn
away, say to them: I warn you of a thunderbolt the like of which
had visited the Ad and the Thamud," Utbah had spontaneously
placed his hand on the Prophet's (s) mouth, and said: "For God's
sake, have mercy on your people." Afterwards he justified his
action before the Quraysh chiefs, saying: "You know that
whatever Muhammad says is always fulfilled; therefore, I feared
lest a torment should descend on us." (For details, see Tafsir Ibn
Kathir, vol. IV, pp. 90- 91; Al Bidayah wan-Nihayah, vol. III, p.
62).
3. Those who deny Allah (swt), their own body will witness
against them.
377
4. The disbelievers‘ plan to suppress the message of the
Qur'an will fail. Almighty Allah gives strength to the
Believers.
5. The best people are those who invite to Allah. The effect of
the revelation on the Believers. The signs of Allah (swt).
Ayats (19 - 25): On the Day of Judgment, people's own ears, eyes
and skins will bear witness against them relating to their
misdeeds.
Ayats (26 - 32): Those who do not listen to the Qur'an shall be
sternly punished and those who say our God is Allah and then
stay firm on it, angels are assigned for their protection.
Ayats (33 - 44): The best in speech is the one who calls people
towards Lord Almighty Allah, does good deeds and says: "I am a
Muslim." Repel evil with good. Examples of Allah‘s signs are
detailed. Nothing is said to Muhammad (s) which was not said
to the prior Prophets. The Qur'an is a guide and healing for the
believers.
Ayats (45 - 54): The Book given to the Prophet Musa (a) was
similar to the Qur'an. On the Day of Judgment all other gods to
whom people worship besides Allah (swt) shall vanish. Have any
379
of us ever considered that if the Qur'an is really from Almighty
Allah and we deny it, what will happen to us.
380
“H” and “M” might as well allude to Divine Hakimiyya
(―Sovereignty‖) and Malikiyyat (―Lordship‖). It is narrated from
Ibn ‗Abbas that Ha Mim is one of the Most Beautiful Divine
Names. [Tafsir Qurtubi]
Sajdah # 1: Surah Al A’raf (7) Ayah 206: “Those who are near to
thy Lord, disdain not to do Him worship: They celebrate His
praises, and bow down before Him.”
Sajdah # 3: Surah Al Nahl (16) Ayah 50: “They all revere their
Lord, high above them, and they do all that they are
commanded.”
Sajdah # 10: Surah Al Sajdah (32) Ayah 15: “Only those believe
in Our Signs, who, when they are recited to them, fall down in
adoration, and celebrate the praises of their Lord, nor are they
(ever) puffed up with pride.”
Sajdah # 11: Surah Sad (38) Ayah 24: “(David) said: “He has
undoubtedly wronged thee in demanding thy (single) ewe to be
added to his (flock of) ewes: truly many are the partners (in
business) who wrong each other: Not so do those who believe
and work deeds of righteousness, and how few are they?” …and
David gathered that We had tried him: he asked forgiveness of
his Lord, fell down, bowing (in prostration), and turned (to
Allah in repentance).”
Sajdah # 13: Surah Al Najm (53) Ayah 62: “But fall ye down in
prostration to Allah, and adore (Him)!”
Sajdah # 14: Surah Al Inshiqaq (84) Ayah 21: “And when the
Quran is read to them, they fall not prostrate,”
Sajdah # 15: Surah Al Alaq (96) Ayah 19: “Nay, heed him not:
But bow down in adoration, and bring thyself the closer (to
Allah)!”
6. Those who say their God is Allah (swt) and stay firm on it,
have angels assigned for their protection.
384
42. Surah Ash-Shura (The Consultation; Dialogue;
Discussion; Talk in the Meeting)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ash-Shura In Summarized
Form
The title is taken from Ayah 38, which calls for ―shura
baynahum‖ (mutual consent), which is the basic principle that
ought to characterize any community of believers. This is a
Makki Surah and it belongs to the seven HaMim Surahs. This
Surah Has 53 ayats in 5 Ruku‘ (Section).
The Surah concentrates on the fundamentals of faith, in this
case, Almighty Lord‘s all prevailing power and wisdom. Prophet
Muhammad (s) is reminded that he cannot force people to
believe and that he is only required to deliver the message.
Revelation
To every person who first studies Surah 41: Fussilat carefully and
then goes through this Surah. They will see that, in that Surah
the Quraysh chiefs had been taken to tack for their deaf and
blind opposition. The chiefs of the people in Makkah were
unreasonably opposing Muhammad (s), who had every sense of
morality and nobility left in him. How serious he was in
everything he said, how rational was his standpoint and how
noble his character and conduct.
Immediately after that warning this Surah was sent down, which
did full justice to teaching and instruction, and made the truth of
385
the Prophet‘s (s) message plain in such an impressive way that
anyone who had any element of the love of the truth in him and
who had not been blinded by the errors of ignorance, could not
help being influenced by it.
Whatever calamity befalls man is the doing of his own self. Allah
(swt) is Ever-Forgiving and surely all things will ultimately
return to Him. Those who act righteously will enjoy eternal bliss,
while the wrongdoers and unbelievers will suffer everlasting
torment, in the Hereafter.
386
Due to our ever increasing involvement with the world and its
affairs, we fail to realize the true worth of Allah Almighty. It was
for this purpose that since the beginning of time Allah (swt) sent
down His chosen Messengers, one after the other, and sent to
them His revelations, according to which they called people to
the way of their Creator and Master. If we truly grasp this reality
and act accordingly, there will be no arrogance. We will know
just how tiny and powerless we are, so how can we oppress
anybody else when we know that the All-Mighty King is watching
us.
All the Prophets had come to this world with the same message
of Tauhid. The spirit of our religion is to submit ourselves to the
will of one Almighty Lord Allah. Paradise is the place in which all
our dreams will come true and all our wishes will be granted. It is
foolishness to expect this world to become a paradise. Most
people keep mourning about all that they have been deprived of.
The more they have, the more is their dissatisfaction.
Ayats (1 – 9): The heavens might have broken apart from above
those who elevate Almighty Allah's creatures to His rank, if the
angels were not begging forgiveness for the residents of earth.
Ayats (10 - 19): Islam is the same Deen (way of life) which was
enjoined on Nuh (a) - Noah, Ibrahim (a) - Abraham, Musa (a) -
Moses and Isa (a) - Jesus. They were all ordered to establish
Deen-al-Islam and not to create division (sects) in it.
Ayats (20 - 29): Allah (swt) says one who desires the harvest in
the Hereafter shall be given many folds, but one who desires the
life of this world only shall be given a portion here but shall have
no share in the Hereafter.
Ayats (30 - 43): Whatever afflictions befall upon people are the
result of their own misdeeds. True believers are those who
establish Salah, give charity and defend themselves when
oppressed.
Ayats (44 – 53): The real losers are those who will lose on the
Day of Resurrection. It is Almighty Allah Who gives daughters
and sons as He pleases. It is not vouchsafed for any human being
that Allah (swt) should speak to him face to face.
Those who are aware of the history of the Arabic alphabet know
that it has been derived from the Hebrew alphabet, which itself
has its roots in the alphabet used in ancient Arabia. Farahi is of
the view that the letters of this parent alphabet as English and
Hindi do not represent phonetic sounds only, but as the Chinese
alphabet symbolise certain meanings and objects and usually
assume the shape of the objects and meanings they convey. He
goes on to assert that it was these letters which the early
Egyptians adopted and after adapting them according to their
own concepts founded the hieroglyphic script from them. The
remnants of this script can be seen in the tables of the Egyptian
Pyramids.
390
Some other names of the Qur'anic Surahs reinforce Farahi's
theory. Surah Taha, for example, begins with the letter Ta which
represents a serpent, as has been indicated before. After a brief
introduction the tale of Moses (sws) and his staff which is
transformed into a snake has been depicted in it. Other Surahs as
Tasin and Tasin Mim, which begin with the letter Ta, also
portray this miraculous episode.
Another aspect of the Surahs which begin with the same letter is
a similarity in their topics and even in their style and
construction. For example, all Surahs which begin with Alif
basically deal with Tawhid (monotheism). It would be
appropriate here to point out that the letter Alif also stood for
Allah, the One and Alone.
391
3. Virtue of noble intentions in seeking the abode of the
after-life (42:20)
10. True believers are those who establish Salah, give charity
and defend themselves when oppressed.
11. The real losers are those who will lose on the Day of
Resurrection.
13. It is not vouchsafed for any human being that Allah (swt)
should speak to him face to face.
392
43. Surah Az-Zukhruf (Golden Ornaments; The
Ornaments of Gold; The Luxury)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Az-Zukhruf In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah is found in the ayah 35, from where the
word, ―zukhruf‖ has been derived, "And gold ornament. But all
that is not but the enjoyment of worldly life. And the Hereafter
with your Lord is for the righteous." (43:35) - which indicates
that people are lured away from the truth, in pursuit of material
goods like gold and silver.
Revelation
393
terrible famine that the people were sorely distressed.
Next, Allah (swt) tells us about the Prophet Isa (a), who came to
the people of Bani Israel, with the same message of Tauhid that
they should submit to the worship of one Almighty Allah.
But various groups formed their own versions of the one true
religion. Thus they lost the true guidance. People‘s opinions
cannot change the fact that Lord Almighty is only one, He does
not have any partner, or son, or daughters.
Ayats (26 - 35): The Prophet Ibrahim (a) recognized the Oneness
of Almighty Allah and rejected Shirk (associating someone else
with Almighty Allah). If it were not that all mankind will become
one race of unbelievers, Allah (swt) would have given the
unbelievers houses made with genuine gold.
396
Ayats (36 - 45): One who turns away from the remembrance of
Almighty Allah, the Lord Almighty appoints a Shaitan to be his
intimate friend. One should hold fast to the Qur'an if one wants
to be rightly guided.
Ayats (46 - 56): The Prophet Musa (a) was sent to Fir‗aun
(Pharaoh) and his chiefs with signs but they ridiculed him and
the signs; as a result, Almighty Allah drowned them all.
Ayats (57 - 67): The Prophet Isa (a) – Jesus, was no more than a
mortal whom Allah (swt) favoured and made him an example for
the Children of Israel (Bani Israel).
Narrated Abu Umamah (s) that the Messenger of Allah (s) said:
―No people go astray after having been guided, but they resort to
397
arguing.‖ Then the Messenger of Allah (s) recited this Ayah:
‗…They quoted not the above example except for argument. Nay!
But they are quarrelsome people… (43:58)‘ [Jami` at-
Tirmidhi Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 3253]
Narrated Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Prophet (s) said: ―A caller
will call out: ‗You shall have life and never die; you shall be
healthy and never be ill; you shall be young and never grow old;
you shall live in favor and never suffer difficult circumstances.‘
That is the saying of Allah Most High: This is Paradise, which
you have been made to inherit because of your deeds that you
used to do (43:72).‖ [Jami` at-Tirmidhi Vol. 5, Book 44,
Hadith 3246]
Ali (ra) then said Alhamdulillah three times, Allahu Akbar three
times, then recited: Glorified be Thou! Behold, I have wronged
myself. So forgive thou me. Indeed, none forgiveth sins but Thou.
399
Allah had a son, I would have been the first one to worship
him."
400
44. Surah Ad-Dukhan (The Smoke; The Fume; The
Reek; The Burning Smolder; The Smoulder)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ad-Dukhan In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the ayah number 10, which
states that on the Day of Judgment, the sky will pour down
visible smoke, which will envelop all people. This is a Makki
Surah and it is fifth in the number of Surahs that begin with
HaMim. The Surah has 59 ayats in 3 Ruku‘ (Section).
The Surah relates the story of Musa and the plight of the people
of Pharaoh. Similar references are made to the people of Tubba,
the creation of firmaments and earth, and the Zaqqum tree of
Hell.
Revelation
401
O Allah, help me with a famine like the famine of Yusuf (Joseph).
402
At that time famine was raging in Makkah. So, the Prophet (s)
was foretold that the people did not learn any lesson from the
calamity, so disbelievers are addressed, ―You are lying when you
say that you will believe as soon as the torment is removed from
you. We shall remove to see how sincerer are you in your
promise.‖ In this connection, reference of Pharaoh and his
people is made that those people also met with the same trial,
but after witnessing one sign after the other, they did not give up
their stubbornness till at last they met their doom.
The arrogant people think that they are free to do whatever they
think is right, because apparently there is no one to stop them.
They are trapped in this illusion of being the masters of their
own lives. Here Allah (swt) shows us the example of Pharaoh
who denied the Prophet Musa (a) and rejected the message of
Almighty Allah. So, Musa (a) was told to lead the people of Bani
Israel out of Egypt, during the night. Musa (a) was also warned
that the people of Pharaoh would try to capture them but, he
should not worry because Allah (swt) had decided to drown them
all. Almighty Allah destroyed Pharaoh along with all his armies,
and there was no one left to inherit all that grandeur which they
left behind.
Ayats (30 - 42): Allah (swt) delivered the Children of Israel and
403
chose them over the nations of the world in spite of their
weaknesses; Day of Sorting Out is the time appointed for
resurrection.
Ayats (43 - 59): The mention of food and drink for the sinners in
hell. Some mentions of the food and entertainment for the
righteous in paradise.
Al-Haafith Ibn Kathir may Allah have mercy upon him concluded
that Tubba‘ here referred to Tubba‘ Al-Awsat (Middle Tubba‘),
whose name was Asʻad Abu Kurayb. This King ruled for 326
years (before the advent of the Prophet of Allaah, sallallaahu
ʻalayhi wa sallam). Among the Himyarite Kings, he ruled the
longest. During his rule, he went on a conquest campaign,
invading many regions and annexing them to his domain ...
During his conquests, he passed by Madinah and fought its
people and then made peace with them and left with them a
scroll containing a poem saying that he believes in the Prophet
who would come and migrate to Madinah.
404
The scroll was inherited by the inhabitants of Madinah until it
reached Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari may Allah be pleased with him in
whose house the Prophet, sallallaahu ʻalayhi wa sallam, stayed
when he migrated to Madinah. This Tubba‘ was the first to put a
cover over the Kaʻbah. When he returned to his people, he
invited them to believe in Allah and adhere to the true faith, and
so they did. However, after his death, they went astray and
reverted to idolatry and fire-worship. This brought down the
Divine wrath on them, the details of which are available in 34)
Surah Saba'.
There is mention that the Qur'an was revealed on Layl tul Qadr
[Night of Power] (44:3)
Mu'awiyah bin Abdullah bin Ja'far narrated that Abdullah bin
'Utbah bin Mas'ud told him that: "The Messenger of Allah (s)
recited 'Ha- Mim Ad-Dukhan' in Maghrib." [Sunan an-
Nasa'I; Book 11, Hadith 113]
Abu Umamah (ra) narrates that the Prophet (s) said: Whoever
recites Ha meem Ad Dukhan on the night of Jumuah or on the
day of Jumuah, Allah will build a house for him in paradise.‖
[Tafseer al Qurtubi vol. 16 pg. 109 – Tabrani in Al
Kabeer]
Masruq ibn al-Ajda', ―We came upon 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud and
he said "O people! If somebody knows something, he can say it,
but if he does not know it, he should say, "Allah knows better,'
for it is a sign of having knowledge to say about something which
405
one does not know, 'Allah knows better.'
Masruq ibn al-Ajda', ―One day I went to Ibn Masud who said,
"When Quraysh delayed in embracing Islam, the Prophet I
invoked Allah to curse them, so they were afflicted with a
(famine) year because of which many of them died and they ate
the carcasses and Abu Sufyan came to the Prophet and said, 'O
Muhammad! You came to order people to keep good relation
with kith and kin and your nation is being destroyed, so invoke
Allah I? So the Prophet I recited the Noble ayats of Sirat-Ad-
406
Dukhan: 'Then watch you For the day that The sky will Bring
forth a kind Of smoke Plainly visible.' (44.10) When the famine
was taken off, the people renegade once again as nonbelievers.
The statement of Allah, (in Sura "Ad-Dukhan"-44) refers to that:
'On the day when We shall seize You with a mighty grasp.'
(44.16) And that was what happened on the day of the battle of
Badr." Asbath added on the authority of Mansur, "Allah's Apostle
prayed for them and it rained heavily for seven days. So the
people complained of the excessive rain. The Prophet said, 'O
Allah! (Let it rain) around us and not on us.' So the clouds
dispersed over his head and it rained over the surroundings."
[Sahih Bukhari, Book 17: Volume 2, Number 133]
6. Food and drink for the sinners in Hell is bitter than the
righteous ones.
407
45. Surah al-Jathiyah (The Kneeling Down; The
Crouching)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Jathiyah In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah takes its title from the ayah 28 where the
word, ―Jathiyah‖ occurs, which refers to the kneeling down of all
humanity before the Almighty Allah, on the Day of Judgment.
The Surah points out various signs to remind us that Allah has
subdued and subjected to mankind, whatever the firmaments
and earth contain, so that people may be grateful to Him. This is
a Makki Surah and it is the sixth in line which begin with
Muqaṭṭa‘at, HaMim. The Surah has 37 ayats and 4 Ruku‘
(Section)
Revelation
The revelation period of the Surah also has not known by any
authentic traditions; but its subject matter clearly shows that it
was revealed consecutively after Surah Ad-Dukhan, which is the
middle stage of the Prophet's residence at Makkah. The close
resemblance between the contents of the two Surahs makes them
a pair (twin Surahs).
3. Some people have made their desires their god. They also
deny the Hereafter.
408
4. People will stand before Almighty Allah on their
knees. Their record of deeds will be presented to them.
The Surah warns those who deny the Divine truth. It talks about
human arrogance and sinfulness. The judgment of Allah (swt)
will cover all the people. The nations will stand before him in the
kneeling condition.
Ayats (1 - 11): Food for thought to those who are seeking the
signs of Almighty Allah. If they do not believe in Allah (swt) and
His revelations, then in what statement will they believe?
Ayats (12 - 21): Allah (swt) has subjected the seas and all that is
between the heavens and the earth for human beings. The
Israelites made sects in their religion after the knowledge had
come to them through Taurat (Torah). The wrongdoers are
protectors of one another while the protector of righteous is
Almighty Allah Himself.
Ayats (22 - 26): One who has made his/her own desires as his
god, Almighty Allah lets him/her go astray and sets a seal upon
their ears and heart.
(45:8) who hears Allah's Signs being rehearsed to him, and yet
persists in his pride, as though he had not heard it. [9] Announce
to him, then, the tidings of a grievous chastisement.
2. Allah (swt) has subjected the seas and all that is between
the heavens and the earth for human beings.
5. Those who that make their own desires as their god, Allah
(swt) will let them go astray and set a seal upon their
respective ears and hearts.
412
46. Surah Al-Ahqaf (The Wind Curved Sand Dunes; The
Sandhills; The Sand Dunes; The Winding Sand Tracts)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Ahqaf In Summarized
Form
The Surah Al-Ahqaf takes its title from the ayah 21 that refers to
the long tract of winding sands, which characterized the regions
of Yemen in between Hadhramaut and Oman. These places were
inhabited by the ‗Ad people. Prophet Hud (a) was sent to the ‗Ad
people and they were destroyed for their disbelief. The Surah has
35 ayats in 4 Ruku‘ (Section).
Surah Al-Ahqaf is the last Surah of the HaMim series. This type
of letter is called as Muqatta‘at (meaning, "disconnected" or
"mysterious"). Out of the 114 Surahs of the Qur‘an, 29 Surahs are
figuring with this type beginning just after the Bismillah. The
letters are also known as fawātiḥ ( )ف اتحor "openers" as they form
the opening ayah of their respective Surahs.
Revelation
1. Allah (swt) sent down the Qur'an and He has created the
413
2. heaven and earth. The gods of Shirk have created nothing.
Is there any proof for Shirk? The truth of this revelation is
manifest.
This Surah gives warning to those who deny the truth. When
Almighty Allah‘s punishment comes – neither the sea, nor the
dry land can serve as protections. In this Surah each of the
misconceptions of the disbelievers are refuted in a brief but
rational way. Their erroneous belief of this world, life and
hereafter is the proof of their deviation from the truth.
Disbelievers have been warned for rejecting the invitation of the
Qur‘an and Prophet-hood of Muhammad (s).
Ayats (1 – 10) Allah (swt) created the heavens, earth and all that
lies between them to manifest the truth. Those deities to whom
Mushrikhs invoke are not even aware that they are being
invoked. The Qur'an is the word of Almighty Allah, not of the
Prophet (s). The Prophet Muhammad (s) is but a plain Warner.
Ayats (27 - 35): No deity can save people from the wrath of Allah
(swt). A group of jinns embraced Islam after hearing the Qur'an
and became the preachers to their folk. Prophet Muhammad (s)
and the believers are told Keep on passing the message of
Almighty Allah and bear the disbelievers with patience.
415
- Surah 40: al-Ghafir
- Surah 41: Fussilat
- Surah 42: Shurah
- Surah 43: Zukhruf
- Surah 44: Dukhan
- Surah 45: Jathiyah
- Surah 46: al-Ahqaaf
Fetal Viability
417
47. Surah Muhammad (The Praised One) also Surah Al-
Qital (Fighting)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Muhammad In Summarized
Form
The title is taken from the direct mentioning of the Nabi (نَـبِي,
Prophet) Muhammad in the 2nd ayah of the Surah. It also has
the name of Al-Qiṫāl (الـ ِقـ َتـال, the fight), due to the context of the
Surah. This Surah has 38 ayats and 4 Ruku‘ (Section).
The Surah enjoins upon the believers to pray to Allah for
forgiveness, and warns us that the life of this world is but a
pastime, while the eternal life is in the hereafter.
Revelation
The content of the Surah testify that it was revealed after the
Hijrah to Madinah and after the revelation of Surah al-Hajj and
Al-Baqarah in which fighting was enjoined.
This is a Surah which was revealed after the victory of Muslims
in the Battle of Badr. It highlights the main events and the
miracles that took place during the battle.
418
3. Those who will turn away from the truth, Allah (swt) will
seal their hearts and eyes to be blind from receiving
hedayah (guidance).
4. The real success. Do not be intimidated, stand firm and
struggle for the cause of Allah (swt).
Subject Matter of the Surah
The Surah talks about the real struggle that will take place
between the truth and falsehood. In this struggle the truth will be
victorious, and the falsehood and its votaries will be utterly
defeated. The separation will take place between those who
believe and those who deny the truth.
This Surah prepares the believers with instructions for war. This
is why the name of the Surah is al-Qital. Disbelievers of Makkah
(Quraysh) were not prepared to leave them alone. They were
adamant to stop spreading the message of Islam. Allah (swt)
permitted the Muslims to fight in Surah al-Hajj ayah-39, and
then enjoined fighting in Surah Al-Baqarah ayah-190. But it was
for those conditions.
Believers who have accepted the truth were told to confront the
disbelievers in war. If they struggle in the cause of Allah (swt),
they have been assured of best rewards both in this world and
the hereafter.
419
in the cause of Allah (swt), the Almighty will remove them from
their places and bring another group in their place.
Ayats (12 - 19): The believers do not follow their own desires.
Parable of paradise and hell is presented. The hypocrites are
those on whose hearts, Allah (swt) has set a seal.
Ayats (20 - 28): The promise of obedience (belief in heart) and
good talk which is not followed by action is cursed by Almighty
Allah.
Ayats (29 - 38): Almighty Allah put the believers to test in order
to know the valiant and the resolute. In case of war, Allah (swt) is
on the side of the believers. One should not be stingy if asked to
give in the cause of Almighty Allah.
Battle of Badr:
This battle is also known as ‗Ghazwa Badr‘.
420
In the battle, there were 313 Muslims with a total of 6 armored
soldiers, 8 swords, 70 camels and 2 horses; whereas, the non-
Muslim army was 1000 in number. They were well equipped
with 600 Armoured soldiers all carrying weapons. They had 700
camels and 300 horses.
The Muslim army included Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A), Hazrat Umar
(R.A), Hazrat Ali (R.A) and many other great personalities.
There was also a fierce wind that blew at night. This wind blew
away all the tents of non-Muslims while they were enjoying
gambling as it seemed to them a definite victory and the end of
Muslims.
421
Lord Almighty‘s cause will never lose their good deeds. He
will guide them, improve their condition and admit them
into the Paradise.
3. Those who help the cause of Lord Almighty, Allah (swt)
will help and protect them: Allah (swt) will support the
believers and make them steadfast; as for the disbelievers,
they will find misery and wasted deeds. They disliked
what Almighty God revealed so their deeds are
worthless. As they travel through the land they see what
happened to the disbelievers from the past nations. God
Almighty utterly destroyed them, and a similar fate awaits
these disbelievers. Almighty Lord protects the believers,
but the disbelievers have no protector whatsoever. In the
descriptions of Paradise, the righteous are promised rivers
of pure water, milk, wine, and clear honey. They will also
have fruit of every kind and forgiveness from their Lord.
These people are nothing like those who are in the Fire
drinking down scalding water that burns their intestines.
4. True believers do not follow their own desires in the
matter of religion: Those who believe and do good deeds
will be admitted to Gardens under which rivers flow. The
disbelievers may take their pleasures from this world, but
the Fire will be their eternal home. Almighty God
destroyed many cities that were stronger in might than
the disbelievers of Makkah. They had no helper to help
them when the scourge of Almighty Lord came suddenly.
Can the one who follows clear guidance be compared to
the person who commits foul deeds and follows his own
desires!?
5. Allah (swt) test the believers to know their valiance and
resolution: Almighty Lord knows everything His servants
does, and so those who believes will be put to the test until
He makes evident those amongst us who strive for God‘s
cause and the patient ones. Indeed, those who disbelieved
and turned people away from the path of Allah (swt), and
422
who disputed with Prophet Muhammad (s) even after the
guidance had been made clear to them cannot harm God
Almighty in any way. And their deeds will become
worthless. The life of this world is trivial as compared to
the Hereafter. Believers are asked to have tawakkul of
Lord Almighty with hope and fear, which will be rewarded
nonetheless, He never asks us to give up all our
possessions. So, In the case of war Allah (swt) is on the
side of true believers. One should not be miserly if one is
asked to give in the cause of Allah (swt). Those who
begrudge what Almighty God asks only harm themselves
because He is free of all needs; it is us who are needy. If
we refuse and turn away, Almighty Allah will replace us
with people who do not act like us.
423
48. Surah Al-Fath (The Victory; The Triumph; The
Achievement of Success)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al Fath In Summarized Form
This Surah takes its name from the first ayah, ―Indeed, We have
granted you a clear triumph... [O Muhammad] a clear conquest."
(48:1) – it is in direct reference to the Treaty which was signed
through cooperation between the opposing forces and without
bloodshed. The reason this treaty, and therefore Surah, is called
a "clear triumph" is largely believed to be because of its peaceful
nature.
Revelation
The Surah talks about the moral and physical victory of Islam
over the forces of unbelief. The hypocrites and disbelievers will
be disappointed with this victory.
Ayas (11 17): Bedouin Arabs who did not go with the Prophet (s)
for war between Islam and Kufr are condemned for lagging
behind. Only the blind, lame and sick are exempt from war.
Ayats (18 - 26): Allah (swt) was well pleased with those who
swore allegiance to the Prophet (s) before the treaty of
Hudaibiyah. Had there not been believers in Makkah, Almighty
Allah would have allowed the Muslims to press against the
Quraysh for oppression.
427
Muhammad (s) under the tree: Allah (swt) was well
pleased with Muslims when they swore allegiance to
Muhammad (s), they were told that they, eventually,
swore allegiance with Allah (swt). They placed their right
hand on top of the Prophet‘s (s) hand, and it was as if they
placed their hands in trust of Lord Almighty which was
above their hands. Anyone who breaks the pledge breaks
it at his own peril. However, the one who keeps the pledge
will be given a great reward.
3. In a war between Islam and kufr (disbelief) choosing to
disobey to participate results in punishment by Allah
(swt): The Bedouin (desert Arabs) who refused to
accompany Prophet Muhammad (s) was addressed by
Allah (swt) because they expected defeat at the hands of
the Makkah. They ruined their reputation of integrity in
character by making this kind of assumptions. Prophet
Muhammad (s) is told of the rich war booty the believers
would soon acquire, and God warns him not to allow the
Bedouin, who previously refused to accompany him, to
join him on the next expeditions. However, soon they will
have another chance to fight, by facing a mighty enemy. At
that time if they obey, they will be rewarded, but if they
turn away, they will be punished. The blind, the lame, and
the sick will face no such punishment. Those who obey
will be admitted to gardens with flowing streams, but
those who choose not to will be severely punished.
4. A vision to conquer Makkah was shown to the Prophet (s)
and this Surah is a reflection of it: Almighty Lord will
fulfill Prophet Muhammad‘s (s) vision of entering
Makkah; the believers will perform Umrah. God Almighty
knows what we do not know and will grant a speedy
victory. He has sent Prophet Muhammad (s) with
guidance and the religion of truth above all false religions.
Those who turned the believers away from Makkah were
guilty of gross misconduct. There were believing men and
428
women among the people of Makkah and had the fighting
taken place they may have been killed. Almighty Allah left
them in their fury and ignorance and protected the
believers. Lord Almighty says that when the believers,
under the tree, swore their allegiance to the Prophet (s),
He was pleased. He knew what was in their hearts and He
gave them tranquility and a speedy victory with this
revelation of Surah Al-Fath.
5. One can clearly picture out in his/her mind the
characteristics of the Muhammad (s) and his followers by
reading the Surah: Muhammad (s) is the Messenger of
Lord Almighty. Those with him are harsh with the
disbelievers and compassionate with one another. One
will know them when he/she see them bowing down,
prostrating in prayer. They seek Almighty Lord‘s bounty
and pleasure, and their faces (foreheads) show the marks
of their prostrations. In at-Taurah (the Torah) and Injeel
(the Gospel), they are described as a seed that sprouts,
strengthens and stands firmly on its stem, delighting the
sower. The disbelievers are enraged by them. Almighty
Allah promises a great reward to those who believe and do
righteous deeds.
429
49. Surah Al-Hujuraat (The Private Apartments; The
Chambers)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al Hujuraat In Summarized
Form
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious,
the Most Merciful
Revelation
430
2. Group harmony and solidarity require moral and ethical
teachings. Relations with groups and tribes are explained.
Faith is a favour of Allah (swt) to the Believers.
Subject Matter of the Surah
In the first five ayats, Muslims are taught about the manners
they would observe with Allah (swt) and His Rasool Muhammad
(s). They are given the instruction that it is not right - to believe
in information without basis and to act without careful thoughts.
If information is received about a person, a group or a
community, the source of information should be carefully
evaluated for reliability. It should be tested and examined to see
whether the news is authentic to take proper action on it.
Guidance is provided towards attitudes that Muslims should
adopt in cases where groups of Muslims have conflict with each
other.
In the end, men are told that true Faith is not what comes from
mouth verbally rather it is about believing in the last Messenger
(s) and Allah (swt), accomplishing it in the practical life by
sincere effort and spending wealth in the cause of Allah (swt).
431
Ayats (1 - 10): Almighty Allah's commandment to lower one's voice in
the presence of the Prophet Muhammad (s). Allah (swt) told us to
make peace between the believers if they fall into fighting among
themselves.
Equality of mankind
432
Narrated 'Abdullah bin Az-Zubair, "Al-Aqra' bin Habis arrived to
meet the Prophet (s)" - he said - "so Abu Bakr said: 'O Messenger
of Allah! Appoint him over his people.' 'Umar said: 'Do not
appoint him O Messenger of Allah!' They continued talking
before the Prophet (s) until they raised their voices. Abu Bakr
said to 'Umar: 'You only wanted to contradict me.' So ['Umar]
said: 'I did not want to contradict you.'" He said: "So this Ayah
was revealed: 'O you who believe! Do not raise your voices above
the voice of the Prophet (49:2).'" He said: "After that, when
'Umar spoke before the Prophet (s), his speech could not be
heard until he told him he could not understand him." He (one of
the narrators) said: "And Ibn Az-Zubair did not mention his
grandfather" meaning Abu Bakr." [Jami` at-Tirmidhi Book
47, Hadith 3576]
433
indeed pious. They are the ones who will be forgiven and
blessed with a great reward. Prophet Muhammad (s) is
told that those whose voices are loud, and who stand
outside his private rooms shouting to be heard, lack
understanding and common sense. They do not use their
reasoning because if they did so, they would know that it
would be better for them to wait patiently. However,
Almighty Allah is Forgiving and He is Merciful.
434
to know one another. Only one thing determines a
person‘s worth in Almighty Allah‘s eyes, and that is piety.
435
50. Surah Qaf (The Letter Qāf)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Qaf In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah is found in the first ayah which is ―qāf‖ -
ق: which called as Muqatta‘at (meaning, "disconnected" or
"mysterious"). Out of the 114 Surahs of the Qur‘an, 29 Surahs
are figuring with this type beginning just after the Bismillah. The
letters are also known as fawātiḥ ( )ف اتحor "openers" as they form
the opening ayah of their respective Surahs.
This is a Makki Surah. This and the following six Surahs belong
to the early Makki period. The Surah has 45 ayats and 3 Ruku‘
(Section).
Revelation
In the Surah, Allah (swt) has made us aware that our collection
of good and/or bad deeds is perfectly recorded by the angels on
our shoulders. And they are going to disclose it on the Day of
Resurrection. On the Judgment Day, men will come out of their
graves – when they will be called. Just like the young shoots of
vegetables sprout up from the earth after the first rain. It gives us
the indication of Almighty Allah‘s ability to bring dead to life
again. How powerless a man would become on the Day of
Judgment!
The Surah reaffirms the certainty of the Last Day, and the
believers are enjoined to praise their Lord before sunrise and
before sunset and also at night, in prostration and prayers.
437
Finally, the Surah stresses, that the prophet‘s (s) task is to convey
the message of the Qur‘an.
Ayats (16 - 29): Almighty Allah has assigned two angels to each
person for noting down each single word that he/she utters.
Every stubborn disbeliever will be thrown into hell.
Ayats (30 - 35): Hell shall be asked, "Are you full." Hell will
answer, "Are there anymore?" Allah (swt) told Muhammad (s)
along with the believers to admonish the unbelievers with the
Qur'an and bear with them in patience and admonish.
Umm Hisham bin Harithah bin An-Nu'man said, "Our oven and
the oven of the Messenger of Allah (s) were the same for two
years, or for one year and part of a year. And I only learned
"Surah Qaf. By the Glorious Qur‘an" from the tongue
of the Messenger of Allah (s), who used to recited it every Friday
from the Minbar, when he addresses the people." [Sahih
438
Muslim Book 7, Hadith 65]
1. Life after death is not unreal, one should not think about
it as strange: Even though the disbelievers of Makkah did
say they believe in God but they did not wholeheartedly
believed in the hereafter. They denied the Prophet
Muhammad (s) as they could not digest the fact that one
of their own was warning them against their centuries old
beliefs and customs. They simply didn‘t want to believe in
this concept and tried to prove it as an impossible fantasy
as they had no idea of His magnificent power and all-
encompassing knowledge. Allah (swt) says on the Day of
Resurrection He will gather all of us, after getting
decomposed, from the dust wherever it might have blown
or sunk or washed away by some river or sea to make it
440
51. Surah Az-Zariyat (The Winds that Scatter; The
Scattering Winds; The Winnowing Winds)
This is a Makki Surah. The name of the Surah appears in the first
ayah, "By those [winds] scattering [dust] dispersing" (51:1). This
Surah has 3 Ruku‘ (Section) and 60 ayats.
Revelation
The style and subject matter of the Surah clearly shows that it
was sent down in the period when persecution had not yet
started in Makkah. Prophet Muhammad‘s (s) invitation was
resisted, opposed, denied and ridiculed with false accusations. It
seems the Surah was revealed in the same period the Surah Qaf
was revealed.
The Surah mostly deals with the Hereafter, and in the end it
presents the invitation to Tawhid. It gives the good news of the
emergence of a new community. It also warns the opponent of
the truth that their time is about to end and the judgment of
Allah (swt) is near.
In the Surah, Allah (swt) talks about the guest of Ibrahim (a) who
were Angels. They gave him the good news of the birth of the
Prophet Ishaq (a) (Isaac). According to the Bible, the Prophet
Ibrahim (a) at that time was a hundred years old and Sarah was
ninety. But, the Angels real mission was to destroy the people of
Lut (a) by unleashing a shower of clay-stones.
Ayats (24 - 46): The story of the Prophet Ibrahim (a), when he
was given the good news of having a son. The same angels, who
gave good news to Ibrahim (a), annihilated the nation of
homosexuals. There is a lesson in the stories of Fir‗aun
(Pharaoh), ‗Ad, Thamud & people of Nuh (a).
Ayats (47 - 60): Almighty Allah, Who built the heavens and
spread out the earth, has assigned the Prophet Muhammad (s) to
be a Warner for mankind.
On this very basis, Allama Alusi has expressed the opinion that it
is not permissible to take any other meaning of these sentences
than this, and those who have taken any other meaning, have
taken undue liberties. But Hafiz Ibn Kathir says that this
tradition has weak links of the transmitters and on its basis it
cannot be said with absolute certainty that the Prophet (peace be
upon him) might himself have given this commentary of these
sentences. There is no doubt that from a good number of the
companions and their immediate followers only this second
commentary has been reported, but a good number of the
commentators have given the first commentary also, and it fits in
better with the context. Shah Rafiuddin, Shah Abdul Qadir and
Maulana Mahmud-ul-Hasan also have preferred the first
meaning in their translations of the Quran. [Tafhimul Qur‟an]
2. The same angels who gave good news to Ibrahim (a) that
he is about to have a son, annihilated the nation of
homosexuals: Prophet Muhammad (s) was asked whether
he has heard the story about Prophet Ibrahim‘s (a)
honoured guests. They came to Ibrahim (a) and they
greeted each other with words of peace. Ibrahim (a) and
his family served them a roasted calf but the guests did
not eat. When Ibrahim (a) noticed this, he became uneasy.
They noticed his anxiety and told him not to fear for they
came with good news. His wife hitherto barren was
carrying his son. They could not believe such news and
Ibrahim‘s (a) wife struck her own face in complete
amazement. The guests were angels, divine messengers,
and they also told Ibrahim (a) that they were going to a
city of criminals to destroy them with rocks made of clay.
445
thatrendered them unable to stand up and defend
themselves. God uses the forces of nature to reign in and
punish the disobedient. The people of Nuh (a), who came
before them were also lost in evil.
4. Allah (swt), who built the heavens and spread out the
earth, has assigned the Prophet Muhammad (s) with a
task of warning mankind about the hereafter: God
Almighty constructed the skies and the vast expanse of the
samawat with His Power. He has spread out the earth and
made it perfect to sustain life. And He created everything
in pairs in order that human beings might learn a lesson,
think and ponder. So Prophet Muhammad must warn the
people to turn to God Almighty and to do so quickly
without hesitation. He must remind them not to worship
any deity but God Almighty Himself. All God‘s messengers
and prophets have been called either a sorcerer or a mad
person. Did the disbelievers of Makkah learn these words
from the previous disbelievers? Prophet Muhammad (s)
should go on reminding people because it will benefit
those who believe.
446
52. Surah At-Tur (Mountain of Tur; The Mount; Mount
Sinai; Mount of Olives)
Concise Tafseer of Surah At Tur In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, ٌ" اBy the
mount" (52:1) in which God Almighty takes an oath by Mount
Tur. It is a mountain near the place that Lord Almighty spoke to
Prophet Musa (a) - Moses. The Surah has 49 ayats in 2 Ruku‘
(Section).
Revelation
447
Allah (swt) opens the Surah by swearing, ―At-Tur‖ - connoting
the Mount of Tur, the appointed place (miqat) where at-Taurat
(Torah) was divinely revealed to Prophet Musa (a). The mount of
Sinai is a sacred place and the Qur‘an depicts it as at-Tur ("the
Mount"). The Arabic phrase kitab mastur designates Scriptures
like the Taurat and the Qur‘an inscribed on thin pieces of paper
which were unrolled rather than rolled.
Allah (swt) also swore by bayt al-ma‗mur, According to
traditions, it is the place above Ka‗bah in the heavens where
angels circumambulate.
Ayats (1 - 28): Deniers of truth will be put in the fire of hell. The
reward for the righteous will be paradise in which they will show
gratitude for Allah's graciousness.
Ayats (29 – 49): The mission of the Prophet (s) and the response
to the disbelievers' arguments.
Malik narrated that Jubayr bin Mut`im said, "I heard the
Prophet reciting Surat At-Tur while praying Maghrib. Surely, I
have never heard a more beautiful voice or recitation than his
recitation.'' This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs using a
chain of narration that includes Malik. Al-Bukhari recorded that
Umm Salamah said, "I complained of being ill to the Messenger
of Allah, and he said, (Perform Tawaf (of the Ka`bah) behind the
crowd, while you are riding.) So, I performed Tawaf while the
Messenger of Allah was praying beside the House, reciting At-
Tur.'' [Tafseer Ibn Kathir]
Narrated Jubair bin Mut`im, "I heard the Prophet (s) reciting
Surat at-Tur in the Maghrib prayer, and when he reached the
Verse: 'Were they created by nothing, Or were they themselves
the creators, Or did they create the Heavens and the Earth?
Nay, but they have no firm belief Or do they own the treasures of
449
Your Lord? Or have they been given the authority to do as they
like...' (52.35-37) my heart was about to fly (when I realized this
firm argument)." [Sahih Al-Bukhari Book 65, Hadith
4854]
450
53. Surah An-Najm (The Star; Luminary object that
directs Attention)
Concise Tafseer of Surah An-Najm In Summarized
Form
This Surah takes its name from the word ―Najm‖ in the 1st ayah,
"By the star when it descends," (53:1). Allah (swt) made an
oath by the star which disappears beneath the horizon when it
descends. It has 62 ayats in 3 Ruku‘ (Section).
The Surah talks about the eminence of the Prophet (saw) with his
Mi'raj and closeness to Almighty Allah. It warns the disbelievers
about the errors of their attitude towards the Qur'an and the
Prophet of Allah. Some of their wrong beliefs in the angels as
daughters of God, intercession of the angels etc. are also
mentioned. There is a tilawat-e-Sajdah in the last ayah number
62 of the Surah. Surah Najm is the dual counterpart of Surah At-
Tur, the previous Surah.
Revelation
451
Ibn Mas'ud (ra) says that he saw only one man, Umayyah bin
Khalaf, from among the disbelievers, who did not fall down in
prostration but took a little dust and rubbing it on his forehead
said that that was enough for him. Later, as Ibn Mas'ud relates,
he saw this man die in the state of disbelief.
Ibn Sad says that before this, in the Rajab of the 5th year of
Prophethood, a small group of the Companions had emigrated to
Abyssinia. Then, when in the Ramadan of the same year this
incident took place the news spread that the Prophet
Muhammad (s) had recited Surah An-Najm publicly in the
assembly of the Quraysh and the whole assembly, including the
believers as well as the disbelievers, had fallen down in
prostration with him. When the emigrants to Abyssinia heard
this news they formed the impression that the disbelievers of
Makkah had become Muslims. Thereupon, some of them
returned to Makkah in the Shawwal of the 5th year of
Prophethood, only to learn that the news was wrong and the
conflict between Islam and disbelief was raging as furiously as
before. Consequently, the second emigration to Abyssinia took
place, in which many more people left Makkah.
They were well aware of how magnetic and captivating was the
Prophet's (s) personality and his way of preaching and how
impressive were the Revelations of the Qur‘an. Therefore, they
tried their best to avoid hearing it themselves and to stop others
also from hearing it and to suppress his invitation by false
propaganda by spreading every kind of suspicion against him.
For this object, on the one hand, they were telling the people that
Muhammad (s) had gone astray and was now bent upon
misleading others as well; on the other hand, they would raise an
uproar whenever he tried to present the Qur‘an before the people
so that no one could know what it was for which he was being
branded as a misled and misguided person.
Such were the conditions when the Prophet (s) suddenly stood
up one day to make a speech in the sacred precincts of the
Ka'bah, where a large number of the Quraysh had gathered
together. Allah (swt) at that time made him deliver this
discourse, which we have now in the form of the Surah An-Najm.
Such was the intensity of the impression that when the Prophet
(s) started reciting it the opponents were so completely
overwhelmed that they could not think of raising any disorder,
and when at the conclusion he fell down in prostration, they too
fell down in prostration along with him. Later they felt great
remorse at the weakness they had involuntarily shown. The
people also started taunting them to the effect that whereas they
had been forbidding others to listen to the Qur‘an, that day not
only had they themselves listened to it, with complete absorption
but had even fallen down in prostration along with Muhammad
(s).
The Surah opens with the oath of star to assert the fact that
Muhammad (s) is neither deluded nor is he astray. He is a
messenger of the Almighty to whom the Qur‘an is revealed by
Allah (swt) through Jibrail (a) - (Gabriel), whom Muhammad (s)
saw at the time of the first revelation (mentioned in ayats 6-12)
and again saw him (mentioned in ayats 13-18) during his
ascension to heaven.
The Prophet (s) has been advised to turn away from those who
are showing indifference to the Message of Allah (swt) and to
leave them to themselves. So, as it all stands - the central theme
of this Surah is the Truth of revelation and Prophet-hood, proof
of Tawhid (Oneness of God) and His powers to do everything,
and rejection of Shirk (Polytheism) and the absurdity of beliefs in
false gods and goddesses.
In the end, Allah (swt) tells us that the Qur‘an is not the work of
fortunetellers or soothsayers. But it is like previous heavenly
scriptures a Reminder to the people in negligence. On the Day of
Judgment one should be rewarded according to his/her own
deeds. If someone refrains from major sins, Allah (swt) will
overlook his/her minor sins.
Ayats (33 - 62): No soul shall bear the burden of another; there
shall be nothing for a person except what he strived for.
1. Al-'A`rāf (7):206
2. Ar-Ra`d (13):15
5. Maryam (19):58
457
6. Al-Ĥaj (22):18
7. Al-Ĥaj (22):77
8. Al-Furqān (25):60
458
Also here is a hadith about how good performing sajdah is:
It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that when, the son
of Adam recites the Ayat of Sajdah (prostration) and then falls
down in prostration, the Satan goes into seclusion and weeps and
says: Alas, and in the narration of Abu Kuraib the words are:
Woe unto me, the son of Adam was commanded to prostrate,
and he prostrated and Paradise was entitled to him and I was
commanded to prostrate, but I refused and am doomed to Hell.
[Sahih Muslim Book 1, Hadith 151]
Courtesy:https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/2
267/how-many-sajdas-are-in-quran
459
2. Lat, Uzza, and Manat are nothing but invented names
which were worshipped by the pagans of Arabia at the
time of the advent of the Prophet (s): Laat, Uzza, and
Manat were the deities of ancient Arabia. Laat was
located in Taif, Uzza near Makkah, and Manat near
Madinah. According to popular belief, they were
daughters of god, and hence, worshipped.
4. Allah (swt) surely knows who is, ―pious‖ and the one who
is, ―of taqwa-(consciousness of Allah swt)‖: We must
always stay away from major sins as well as indecent
behaviour, except what is called "lamam" which means
small and momentary. For example, we happen to look at
something which we were not supposed to see. Then in
this case, we should immediately turn our gazes and ask
forgiveness from God Almighty. As we cannot be perfect
humans, we should always be positively hopeful of
Almighty God‘s forgiveness and never give up our struggle
of becoming the best representatives of Lord Almighty.
Then, Allah (swt) has reminded us that even if we become
successful in this struggle, we should never think of
ourselves as pure because after all, we are just humans
and only Lord Almighty truly knows what we truly are as a
worth.
460
5. No soul shall bear the burden of another. A person will get
nothing except what he/she has striven for: The
polytheists of Makkah and the Jews in Madinah
stubbornly resisted the teachings of Prophet Muhammad
(s) and refused to accept him as a prophet of Lord
Almighty. On the other hand, they called themselves
followers of Ibrahim (a) and Musa (a) respectively.
However, if they really knew what their prophets had
taught them, then it should not have been difficult for
them to recognize that Prophet Muhammad (s) was also
calling them to the same religion. They warned them
about accountability in the life after death. Did they not
know that they only get from this life what they strive for?
If all their investments are for this world and they don‘t
put in any efforts for the life to come, how can they expect
to be rewarded for things they did not do?
461
54. Surah Al-Qamar (The Moon)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Qamar In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, "The Hour has
come near, and the moon has split [in two]." (54:1). Here in this
ayah Allah (swt) mentions the miracle of Prophet Muhammad (s)
by splitting the moon. The Surah has 55 ayats and 3 Ruku‘
(Sections).
Period of Revelation
462
4. were told whether they think they are better or more
powerful than those nations. The wrong-doers did suffer
the consequences of their evil deeds.
Subject Matter of the Surah
The great sphere of the Moon had split into two distinct parts in
front of their very eyes. The two parts had separated and receded
so much apart from each that, to the onlookers, one part had
appeared on one side of the mountain and the other on the other
side of it. Then the two had rejoined instantly. The disbelievers
persisted in their denial as they described it as magical illusion.
Ayats (23 - 40): Story of Thamud and people of Lut (a) who
called their Prophets liars, to show how terrible was Almighty
Allah's scourge and how clear was His warning?
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas bin Malik said, "The people of
Makkah asked the Prophet for a miracle and the moon was split
into two parts in Makkah. Allah said,
(The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft
asunder.)'' Muslim also collected this Hadith. Al-Bukhari
recorded that Anas bin Malik said, "The people of Makkah asked
the Messenger of Allah to produce a miracle, and he showed
them the splitting of the moon into two parts, until they saw (the
mount of) Hira' between them.'' This Hadith is recorded in the
Two Sahihs with various chains of narration. [Tafsir Ibn
Kathir]
2. The people of Nuh (a), Thamud and Lut (a) and Pharaoh
respectively had called their prophets liars. As a
consequence they received great punishment form Allah
(swt), how clear was His warning?: The people of Nuh (a)
were so arrogant that they forgot their own
helplessness. Almighty Allah sent upon them a mighty
flood which drowned everything except the boat carrying
Prophet Nuh (a) and the few people who had believed in
God Almighty. People of ‗Ad were extremely powerful, not
only in skills but also in physical attributes; but when they
continually rejected the message of God Almighty, He sent
465
to them a severely cold wind which gave them a
humiliating punishment. Then the people of Thamud also
made the same error. They were also very proud of their
worldly success, and thought that Prophet Salih (a) was
just spreading some self-created stories or lies. Then they
demanded a miracle and God Almighty sent to them a
she-camel, about which they had been warned not to give
her any harm, but they killed it thinking that they could
get away with whatever they desired. Consequently, God
gave them a painful end. The people of Lut (a) were the
first people to indulge in homosexuality, and it had
blinded their senses to such an extent that when the
angels came to the Prophet‘s house in the guise of young
men, these people rushed to have them; nothing mattered
to them except the fulfillment of their lust. The same thing
happened to Pharaoh, when he thought himself to be
indestructible.
466
even if they are in an illusion of being "good people." In
this world, they made fun of the believers that they were
being overly concerned with the torment of Hell. Their
claim is that God Almighty is so merciful that He cannot
burn anyone, but Almighty God is warning them that this
fire will definitely touch those who made fun of it and
made no effort to save their souls from it.
5. Glad tidings has been given to the pious: At the end of this
Surah, Allah (swt) is showing us a glimpse of the splendid
gardens of delight, the beautiful Paradise, which He has
prepared so lovingly for the ones who remained faithful to
Him in the worldly life. These people willingly sacrificed
their egos and desires for the sake of God Almighty, so He
will give them this wonderful reward where all their
desires will be fulfilled eternally.
467
55. Surah Ar-Rahman (The Most Gracious; The Most
Merciful; The Most Beneficent; The All Merciful; The
Lord of Mercy)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ar-Rahman In Summarized
Form
Period of Revelation
The Surah begins with the name of Allah (swt). The Surah begins
with: Ar-Rahman, which can be roughly translated as, ―The
unimaginably, overwhelmingly Merciful (Surah 55:1)‖.
468
Ar-Rahman is the glorious name of Almighty Allah which reflects
His extraordinary compassion and mercy for His creatures; and
Surah Ar-Rahman is an expression of Almighty Lord‘s countless
blessings and favours on us, which are spread over this entire
samawat; and are not confined merely to this world but also go
far beyond these physical boundaries into the eternal life of the
hereafter.
This is the only Surah in the Qur‘an where both men and jinn are
addressed together. Allah‘s (swt) many blessings and favours are
mentioned in Surah Ar-Rahman. Humans and jinns are invited
to remember the favour‘s bestowed upon them by their Almighty
Lord. He asked 31 times, to men and jinn about which of the
favour we (men and jinn) would deny. We are warned of the bad
consequences that would follow us of being disobedient and
made us aware of the best results of being in obedience.
469
Ayats (26 - 45): All that exists will perish except Allah (swt), Who
is busy in mighty tasks all the time. No one can run away from
the jurisdiction of Almighty Allah. Sinners will be punished in
hell.
1. Allah (swt) is the one who created men, and jinns; and
taught them al-Qur‘an as a mercy to their thoughts and
feelings: Men and Jinns are criticized for their lack of
gratitude towards Almighty Allah, who has showered
them with an abundance of blessings. Allah (swt) has
graciously provided s, palm trees, husked grain, fragrant
plants, fresh and salt water, pearls, and ships for the men
and jinn. In fact, from the time of old Allah (swt) taught
man how to communicate and even gave them the Qur'an
as the last revelation as their guide to stay in the path of
righteousness, "Which, then, of your Lord‘s blessings do
you both deny?".
471
2. The Rabb of two east and two west is Allah (swt). It is He
who made the laws to regulate the oceans, its fruits and
ships: The Earth is a unique exception in the samawat. All
factors conducive to human existence, survival, and
development have been provided in suitable proportions
and balanced manner. One of these is the system of ‗two
easts‘ and ‗two wests‘ on Earth. In winter, the horizons
from where the sun rises and sets are different from those
in summer.
3. All that exists will perish except Allah (swt): All that exists
on Earth will perish but the one and only God never dies.
Just as the creation of this samawat is a miracle of God
Almighty, similarly the end is also a sign of His power
because it shows that He is so Magnificent and Self-
Sufficient that He does not depend on His creation in any
way. He does not need anything. We are so weak in front
of Him. So, then how can we deny the Almighty Lord?
472
punishment. This terrible scene fills one with fear of
God‘s anger. In turn, this fear makes us humble. However,
our attitude towards God should be a combination of fear
and love. Fear makes us avoid sins while love inspires us
with hope and energy to do as much as we can for the
pleasure of God Almighty. This love is intensified when
God Almighty shows us the glimpses of the Paradise that
He has prepared for all those who fear the Day of
Judgment and act accordingly. Sinners will be punished in
hell and righteous will be awarded paradise with lash
gardens, springs, fruits, spouses of purity.
473
56. Surah Al-Waqi`ah (The Inevitable Event; The
Occurrence; The Coming Event)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Waqi`ah In Summarized
Form
This Surah takes its name from the first Ayah, "When the
Occurrence occurs," (56:1). The surah has 96 ayats in 3 Ruku‘
(Section).
Revelation
474
Topics discussed in Ruku‘ (Section)
475
Paradise which is an ideal place of living, and that is the place
where those people would enjoy all the blessings of Allah (swt).
The last class or the third class would be thrown into the Hell
which is the worst place of living and there they will be burnt,
tortured and punished.
Then, the Surah move on to discuss about the topic Tauhid and
Hereafter. In favour of both these concepts, detailed arguments
have been given. Humans are inspired to think about their own
body, their food, water they drink, and the fire on which they
cook their food. Aren‘t these all created by their lord sovereign
Allah (swt)! In the remaining ayats, the truth of revelation has
been highlighted and the objections of the disbelievers about the
Qur‘an have been refuted.
Ayats (39 - 74): Here the punishment for the left-hand group has
been related up to ayah number 56. Then, the disbelievers have
been given admonition with the examples of creation.
Abu Ishaq reported from `Ikrimah from Ibn `Abbas that Abu
Bakr (radiyallahu‘anhu) said, "O Allah's Messenger! You are
becoming gray'' The Messenger replied,"(Hud (Surah 11), Al-
Waqi`ah (56), Al-Mursalat (77), `Amma Yatasa'alun (78) and
Idha Ash-Shamsu Kuwwirat (81) have made me gray.)" - At-
Tirmidhi collected this Hadith and said, "Hasan Gharib.''
[Tafseer Ibn Kathir]
476
Sayyiduna ‗Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud (radiyallahu‘anhu) reported
that Rasulullah (sallallahu‘alayhi wasallam) said: „SURAH
WAQI‟AH WILL BECOME A PROTECTION FROM POVERTY FOR THE
ONE WHO RECITES IT EVERY NIGHT‟. The narrator says: ‗Sayyiduna
Ibn Mas‘ud (radiyallahu‘anhu) would teach this Surah to his
daughters too.‘ Imam Busiri (rahimahullah) writes: ‗Abu Ya‘la
has recorded this with a chain whose narrators are all
reliable.‘ [Mukhtasar Ithafus sadatil Maharah, Hadith:
6556]
‗Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud (radiyallahu‘anhu) reported The Prophet
(sallallahu‘alayhi wasallam) said, ‗Whoever recites Surah al-
Waqiah at night would never encounter poverty‘ [Ibn as-Sunni
620, Bayhaqi]
The Prophet (sallallahu‘alayhi wasallam) said, ‗Surah al-Waqiah
is the Surah of Wealth, so recite it and teach it to your children'
[Ibn Asakir]
Rasulullaah (sallallahu‘alayhi wasallam) said: Whoever recites
Surah Waaqiah every night will never be poor ever. [Tafsir Ibn
Kathir, Vol. 3, Pg 346.]
Jabir ibn Samra said, "The Prophet sallallahu‘alayhi wasallam
prayed like [how] you prayed today but he prayed lighter. He
would recite in Fajr, Surah al-Waqiah or similar [sized] Surahs."
[Musanaf Abdur Razzaq, Hakim - Saheeh]
Lessons and Reflections
477
4. The people of the left will be doomed to Jahannam.
6. Who causes the crops to grow when men have sown the
seeds? None but Allah (swt). The one who determines the
manner in which the crops grows. Allah (swt) can even
make the seed useless for growing of which men are
helpless.
478
57. Surah Al-Hadid (The Ferrum; The Iron; Rigid and
Magnetic Metal with Silvery-Grey Hue)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Hadid In Summarized
Form
The Surah‘s the name ―al-Hadid‖ appears in the 25th ayah of it.
The Surah was revealed in Madinah, and gets its title from the
reference to ‗iron‘, symbolizing strength, power, discipline, etc.
This Surah has 29 ayats and 4 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
The Surah is the first in the series of ten Madani Surahs (from
479
Surah 57 to Surah 66) each of which deals with some special
issue of social life. This is the last large group of Madani surahs
in the entire Qur‘an, and this is the first of them.
The Surah begins with six ayats that read as if they were revealed
in Makkah, that is, they are a glorification of and introduction to
Almighty Allah and His all-encompassing power. It goes on to
encourage the believers into the correct behaviour, decries the
fate of the hypocrites and mentions some of the previous
prophets.
Allah (swt) sent His messengers with clear proofs and the Book
and the Balance so that mankind may stand forth in justice. It
also says that Allah (swt) revealed iron in which there is power
and also many benefits for mankind. Allah (swt) has sent Nuh (a)
480
and Ibrahim (a) as prophets, and chose many of their progeny to
bear the light of prophet-hood. He also sent Isa (a) with Injil
(Gospel). But his followers invented monasticism which is not
from Allah (swt).
Ayats (11 - 19): On Judgment Day, the true believers will have
their light shining before them while the hypocrites will have
their fate no different than the disbelievers. Those who spend in
charity will be repaid many folds and also be given liberal reward
besides it.
Ayats (20 - 25): Life of this world is but play, amusement and
illusion. We should not grieve for the things that we miss, nor
overjoy at what we gain.
Having cited the above Hadith, the best ayah referred to in Surah
Al-Hadid is ayah (3). (He is the First and the Last, and the
Manifest and the Hidden, and He is All-knowing about
everything - 57:3). [Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
―Among the five Surahs, the first three namely Al-Hadid, Al-
Hashr and As-Saff commence with the past perfect tense
‗sabbaha‘ (purity has been proclaimed) whilst the last two,
namely Al-Jumu‘ah and At-Taghabun commence with the
imperfect tense ‗yusabbihu‘ (purity is proclaimed). This implies
that the purity of Allah should be declared at all times, the past,
the present and the future.‖ [Mazhari]
483
3. The life of this world is nothing but play, amusement
and illusion: The life of this world is transient; it is a
diversion, an amusement for a time. Those who boast
and show off their adornments but they will wither and
die like a garden after it has bloomed. We should be
concerned about our next life, where Almighty Lord
will reward us out of His bounties.
484
please Almighty Allah but they did not practice it
correctly. Those who believed were rewarded but many
were openly defiant.
485
58. Surah Al-Mujadilah (The Woman who disputes;
Pleading woman; She That Disputeth)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Mujadilah In Summarized
Form
This Surah takes it name from the first ayah, "Certainly has Allah
heard the speech of the one who argues with you, [O
Muhammad], concerning her husband and directs her complaint
to Allah. And Allah hears your dialogue; indeed, Allah is Hearing
and Seeing." (58:1). The word is pronounced as, ―tujadiluka‖.
The Surah can be entitled both, ―mujadalah‖ and ―mujadilah‖. If
it is read as "mujadalah", it would mean "pleading and arguing",
and if it is read as "mujadilah", it would mean "the woman who
pleaded and argued.‖ It has 22 ayats in 3 Ruku‘ (Section).
Basically the Surah talks about a lady who has a dispute with her
husband and her name is Khawlah binti Tsa'labah and her
husband is 'Aus bin as-Samit. It is about the husband who had
divorced his wife according to ignorance period manner by
declaring that the back of his wife is as his mother. This act is
called as zihar in Arabic.
Period of Revelation
486
Al-Ahzab (33). In Surah Al-Ahzab, Allah (swt), while negating
that an adopted son could be one‘s real son, said, ―And Allah has
not made those of your wives who you divorce by Zihar your
mothers.‖ But in that Surah, Zihar was not mentioned as sin or
crime, no legal injunction was given. While this Surah contain
the whole law relating to ―Zihar‖, it shows that these detail
injunctions were revealed some time after the brief reference to it
in in Surah Al-Ahzab. [Tafhimul Qur‟an]
This Surah also mentions about the hypocrites and other non-
Muslim groups in Madinah who were involved in spreading
rumours against the prophet Muhammad (s). They were given
warnings here and Muslims were argued to be alert and careful.
For the hypocrites in Madinah, appearances were all that
mattered. In their hearts they had no faith but they wanted to be
known as Muslims. So, Almighty Allah alerted the believers that
the conspiracies of the hypocrites which will not harm them if
they keep their trust in Him.
At the end, Allah (swt) appreciates the true believers and gives
them promise of the beautiful gardens of eternal delight. It is
them who gave Almighty Allah top most priority in their lives. So
as a reward Allah (swt) gave them the most beautiful gift of His
pleasure. And calls them with the honourable title of Hizbullah
(Allah‘s party) - the only party which is going to be successful.
Ayats (14-22): People who befriend those who are under the
wrath of Lord Almighty will be severely punished. Muslim
society at that time was consisted of members mixed with sincere
Muslims, the hypocrites and the waverers – were given the
488
criterion of sincerity in Islam.
Certainly has Allah heard the speech of the one who argues with
you, [O Muhammad], concerning her husband and directs her
complaint to Allah. And Allah hears your dialogue; indeed,
Allah is Hearing and Seeing.
Those who pronounce zihar among you [to separate] from their
wives – they are not [consequently] their mothers. Their
mothers are none but those who gave birth to them. And indeed,
they are saying an objectionable statement and a falsehood. But
indeed, Allah is Pardoning and Forgiving.
And those who pronounce zihar from their wives and then [wish
to] go back on what they said – then [there must be] the freeing
of a slave before they touch one another. That is what you are
admonished thereby; and Allah is Acquainted with what you
do.
And he who does not find [a slave] – then a fast for two months
consecutively before they touch one another; and he who is
490
unable – then the feeding of sixty poor persons. That is for you
to believe [completely] in Allah and His Messenger; and those
are the limits [set by] Allah. And for the disbelievers is a painful
punishment. (Al-Quran, 58: 1-4)
Ibn Kathir mentions in his tafsir that a man said to 'Umar, when
he saw him welcoming her warmly and listening to her, "You left
a man of Quraysh to come to this old woman?" 'Umar said, "Woe
to you! Do you not know who this is?"
The man said, "No." 'Umar said, "This is a woman whose
complaint Allah listened to from above the seven heavens: this is
Khawla bint Tha'labah. By Allah , if she did not leave me until
night fell, I would not tell her to leave until she had got what she
came for, unless the time for prayer came, in which case I would
pray, and then come back to her until she had got what she came
for." [Tafseer Ibn Kathir]
493
59. Surah Al-Hashr (The Banishment; The Exile; The
Gathering)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Hashr In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the second ayah where the
mention of the word al-hashr has occurred. The word means
'exile'; 'banishment'; gathering - describing the expulsion of
Jewish Banu Nadir tribe from their settlements. The Surah
features 15 attributes of Almighty Allah in the last three ayats.
Ayah 6 of the Surah may be related to the controversies of the
land of Fadak. This Surah has 24 ayats in 3 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
As for the question as to when this battle took place, Imam Zuhri
has stated on the authority of Urwah bin Zubair that it took place
six months after the Battle of Badr.
494
event of Rabi' al-Awwal of 4 AH, and the same is correct. For all
traditions agree that this battle took place after the incident of
Bi'r Ma'unah, and historically also it is well known that the
incident of Bir Ma'unah occurred after the Battle of Uhud and
not before it.
The Jews of the Hijaz claimed that they had come to settle in
Arabia during the last stage of the life of the Prophet Moses
(peace be upon him). They said that the Prophet Moses had
dispatched an army to expel the Amalekites from the land of
Yathrib and had commanded it not to spare even a single soul of
that tribe. The Israelite army carried out the Prophet's command,
but spared the life of a handsome prince of the Amalekite king
and returned with him to Palestine. By that time the Prophet
Moses had passed away. His successors took great exception to
what the army had done, for by sparing the life of an Amalekite,
it had clearly disobeyed the Prophet and violated the Mosaic law.
Consequently, they excluded the army from their community,
and it had to return to Yathrib and settle there forever. (Kitab al-
Aghani, vol. xix, p. 94). Thus the Jews claimed that they had
been living in Yathrib since about 1200 B.C. But, this had in fact
no historical basis. The Jews probably had invented this story in
order to overawe the Arabs into believing that they were of noble
lineage and the original inhabitants of the land.
Among the tribes that settled in Yathrib the Bani An-Nadhir and
the Bani Quraizah were more prominent for they belonged to the
Cohen or priest class. They were looked upon as of noble descent
and enjoyed religious leadership among their co-religionists.
When they came to settle in Madinah there were some other
tribes already living there. They subdued them and became the
owners of this green and fertile land. About three centuries later,
in A. D. 450 or 451, the great flood of Yaman occurred which has
been mentioned in vv. 16-17 of Surah Saba. As a result of this,
different tribes of the people of Saba were compelled to leave
Yaman and disperse to different parts of Arabia.
Thus, the Aus and the Khazraj were able to gain complete
dominance over Yathrib, with the result that two of the major
Jewish tribes, Bani an-Nadhir and Bani Quraiza were forced to
take quarters outside the city. Since the third tribe, Bani
Qainuqa, was not on friendly terms with the other two tribes, it
stayed inside the city as usual, but had to seek protection of the
Khazraj tribe. As a counter measure to this, Bani an-
Nadhir and Bani Quraizah took protection of the Aus tribe so
that they could live in peace in the suburbs of Yathrib.
One should also keep in mind that at this time the Jews of
Madinah were also busy spreading disaffection among the people
and slandering the prophet (s) and his followers. In addition,
they purposely mispronounced the words of the Qur'an so as to
give them an offensive meaning. One of their well-known poets,
called Ka'b, of the Bani An-Nadir, recited offensive poetry, as
well as reciting elegies on the Makkans who had fallen at Badr to
the point the people of Makkah became more excited to exact
revenge on the Muslims. In Madinah, Ka'b continued to attack
the prophet (S) and the Muslims with his obscenities. Another
Jew, named Sallam, of the same tribe, took great pains to excite
the neighboring Arab tribes against the Muslims.
When the battle of Uhud took place between the Muslims against
the Quraysh, the Banu Nadir leaders provided information to the
Quraysh on the weak spots of the Muslims in the battle. As a
result of this information the enemy army was able to know
where the Muslims were, where to attack, where to hide, and
where to lay in wait to kill the Muslims. This fact is well
documented.
When the prophet discovered their plans -- some say it was angel
Jibril who informed him while others say it was a Jewish woman
-- he wanted to make a new treaty with them, but they refused.
In Sunan Abu Dawud it says:
The unbelievers of the Quraysh again wrote (a letter) to the Jews
after the battle of Badr: You are men of weapons and fortresses.
You should fight our companion or we shall deal with you in a
certain way. And nothing will come between us and the anklets of
your women. When their letter reached the Prophet (s), they
gathered Banu An-Nadir to violate the treaty.
They sent a message to the Prophet (s): Come out to us with
thirty men from your companions, and thirty rabbis will come
out from us till we meet at a central place where they will hear
you. If they testify to you and believe in you, we shall believe in
you. The narrator then narrated the whole story.
When the next day came, the Apostle of Allah went out in the
morning with an army, and surrounded them. He told them: I
swear by Allah, you will have no peace from me until you
conclude a treaty with me. But they refused to conclude a treaty
with him. He therefore fought them the same day. Next he
attacked Banu Quraysh [Qurayzah] with an army in the morning,
and left Banu an-Nadir. He asked them to sign a treaty and they
signed it. He turned away from them and attacked Banu an-
Nadir with an army. He fought with them until they agreed to
expulsion. Banu an-Nadir were deported, and they took with
them whatever their camels could carry, that is, their property,
the doors of their houses, and their wood. … (Sunan Abi Dawud
Book 19, Hadith 2998)
500
After the Battle of Uḥud, the Banu Naḍir were accused of
having entered into an alliance against the Muslims and having
plotted to kill the Prophet. When the Prophet heard of their
treachery, some say from the Archangel Gabriel, others say
through a woman of the Banu Naḍir, the Prophet presented them
with the choice of leaving the oasis with all their possessions, but
retaining the right to the proceeds from their crops, or facing
war. They requested a respite of ten days. After conferring
with their allies, among whom were some of the hypocrites
within Madinah, they chose the latter course, thinking that
reinforcements would be forthcoming.
The tribe of Jews with the name of Bani an-Nadir was settled in
the east of Madinah and was active in hidden enmity against
Islam, even though Muslims were bound by the treaty of peace
which the Prophet Muhammad (s) had established in Madinah.
Eventually the Bani an-Nadir made a secret plan to kill the
Prophet Muhammad (s) though the plan failed before it could be
501
executed.
The Prophet (s) at once sent to them the ultimatum that the
treachery they had meditated against him had come to his
knowledge; therefore, they were to leave Madinah within ten
days; but they said that they would not leave and he could do
whatever was in his power.
The first among those were the ―muhajirin‖ those who had left
their wealth, their land and everything in Makkah and migrated
to Madinah with the Prophet (s) all for the sake of Allah.
Therefore they were given the most preference at the time of the
division of assets gained in this war. On the other hand the
people of Madinah (ansar) were also open hearted and generous
that they shared everything with the Muhajirin and never bore
any grudge in their heart for them has also some share of the war
booty.
502
In the end, Allah (swt)says, - He is Allah, the Creator, the
Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names.
Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is
the Exalted in Might, the Wise." [59:24]
Ayats (11 - 17): The hypocrites' conspiracy with the People of the
Book. Parable of a Shaitan vs. a disbeliever is depicted.
Ayats (18 - 24): Let each soul see what it is sending for the
Hereafter. The Qur'an could even affect a mountain. In the last
three ayats fifteen exclusive attributes of Almighty Allah is
mentioned.
505
60. Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Mumtahinah In
Summarized Form
بسى هللا انزحًٍ انزحيى: In the name of Allah, the Most
Gracious, the Most Merciful
This Surah takes its name from the ayah - "O you who have
believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants,
examine them..." [60:10] mentions about those the women who
emigrated to dar al-Islam and claim to be Muslims, should be
examined hence the title Al-Mumtahinah. The word is
pronounced both as mumtahinah and as mumtahanah, the
meaning according to the first pronunciation being "the Surah
which examines", and according to the second, "the woman who
is examined."
Period of Revelation
The Surah deals with two incidents, the time of the occurrence of
which is well known historically. The first relates to Hadrat Hatib
bin Abz Balta'a, who, a little before the conquest of Makkah, had
506
sent a secret letter to the Quraysh chiefs informing them of the
Prophet's intention to attack them. The second relates to the
Muslim women, who had started emigrating from Makkah to
Madinah, after the conclusion of the Truce of Hudaibiyah, and
the problem arose whether they also were to be returned to the
disbelievers, like the Muslim men, according to the conditions of
the Truce. The mention of these two things absolutely
determines that this Surah came down during the interval
between the Truce of Hudaibiyah and the Conquest of Makkah.
Besides, there is a third thing also that has been mentioned at the
end of the Surah which provide detail of the criteria of an oath;
women would make to pledge allegiance before the Prophet
Muhammad (s) as believers. This part was also was sent down
probably sometime before the conquest of Makkah, after this
conquest a large number of the Quraysh women like their men
were going to enter Islam simultaneously; all these oath of
allegiance had to be administered collectively.
At the very end of the Surah, the Muslims have been warned not
to establish friendship with the Jews and the Disbelievers. Both
shall meet the same fate - they have been shaken from their very
roots.
508
Ayats (7 - 13): Exception to the prohibition of friendship with
unbelievers who had neither fought against the believers nor
expelled them from their homes. As for women that become
believers, test their Iman, and if believers find them truthful they
should return them to their unbelieving husbands. Women's
Bai‗ah (oath of allegiance) has been presented. Do not befriend
any with whom Almighty Allah is angry.
Allah the Exalted and Most High ordered His faithful servants to
test the faith of women who emigrate to them.
When they are sure that they are faithful, they should not send
them back to the disbelievers, for the disbelievers are not allowed
for them and they are not allowed for the disbelievers. In the
biography of `Abdullah bin Abi Ahmad bin Jahsh in Al-Musnad
Al-Kabir, we also mentioned that `Abdullah bin Abi Ahmad said,
"Umm Kulthum bint `Uqbah bin Abi Mu`ayt emigrated and her
509
brothers, `Umarah and Al-Walid, went after her. They came to
Allah's Messenger and talked to him about Umm Kulthum and
asked that she be returned to them. Allah abolished the part of
the treaty between the Prophet and the idolators about the
women particularly. So He forbade returning Muslim women to
the idolators and revealed the Ayah about testing them.'' Al-
`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, about Allah‘s saying:
(then if you ascertain that they are true believers, send them not
back to the disbelievers.) This ayah indicates that faith can be
recognized and affirmed. [Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
511
61. Surah As-Saff (The Ranks; The Array; The Battle
Array)
The name of the Surah takes its name from the fourth ayah,
"Indeed, Allah loves those who fight in His cause in a row as
though they are a [single] structure joined firmly." [61:4], where
the word ―saffan‖ occurs which means row. This Surah was
revealed at Madinah, and sums up the importance of unity, and
urges the believers to be true to their word, as the most hateful
act in the sight of Allah is the deed that is not true to the word.
Believers are urged to make sacrifices for the sake of Allah, which
in turn, would stand them in good stead, in the Hereafter.
The Surah has 14 ayats in 2 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
1. Struggle for the Truth. The light of Islam will shine more.
2. The way of success for the believers is to struggle for the
truth.
Subject Matter of the Surah
Their attitude towards their Rasool and their Religion should not
be like the attitude that the Israelites had adopted towards their
Rasools: Musa and Isa (peace be upon them). The proclamation
is made with the challenge that the Jews, the Christians and the
hypocrites who are conspiring with them, may try however hard
they may to extinguish this Light of Almighty Allah, but it will
shine forth and spread in the world.
The believers are told that the way to success both in this world
and in the Hereafter is only to believe in Allah and His Rasool
sincerely and should exert their utmost in Almighty Allah's Way
with their persons and their wealth.
Ayats (1 - 9): O believers do not say something that you don't do.
The Prophet Isa (a) [Jesus] gave the good news of a Rasool
coming after him whose name would be Ahmed - another name
of the Prophet Muhammad (s).
Ayats (10 - 14): A bargain to save oneself from the hellfire. Like
the disciples of Isa (Jesus), believers are commanded to be the
helpers of Almighty Allah.
515
Almighty Allah, His Rasool and strive one‘s utmost in the
cause of Allah (swt) with one's wealth and person.
Almighty Allah loves those who struggle for His way, and
practice His Deen to its entirety.
4. Believers are commanded to be the helpers of Almighty
Allah like the disciples of Isa (a).
516
62. Surah Al-Jamu'ah (The Asembly; The Day in the
Assembly; The Day of Gathering; The Congregation)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Jamu'ah In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the ayah 9 - "O you who have
believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of
Jumu'ah, then proceed to the remembrance of Allah..." [62:9] -
where the call of Salat has been made the community was told to
abandon trade, transaction and other diversions to attend the
Assemly of Jumu‘ah (sixth day of the week). The Surah has 11
ayats in 2 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
This is a Madani Surah. It seems that the first part of this Surah
was revealed in the 7th year of Hijrah probably on the occasion of
Khaybar conquest or soon after it. Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi,
Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir have related on the authority of Abu
Hurairah (ra) that he and other Companions were sitting in the
Prophet's (s) assembly when these ayats were revealed. About
Abu Hurairah it is confirmed historically that he entered Islam
after the truce of Hudaibiyah and before the conquest of
Khaybar, and Khaybar was conquered, in Muharram according
to Ibn Hisham, and according to Ibn Sa`d it was in Jamadi al-
Awwal 7 AH.
The second part was revealed soon after the Hijrah in the 1st year
of Hijrah. Prophet Muhammad (s) had established the Jumu‘ah
congregational Prayer on the 5th day after his arrival at
Madinah.
517
among them to teach them and to purify them. Bani
Israel neglected the commands ofAlmighty Allah.
2. Muslims are exhorted to observe the Jumu‘ah prayers and
always remember Allah (swt).
The first section (ayats 1 to 8) was sent down at a time when all
Jewish efforts to obstruct the message of Islam during the past
six years had failed. The Surah talks about the negligence of Bani
Israel in obeying the commands of Allah (swt) and becoming too
much involved in worldly matters. They only carried the Books of
Allah, but failed to follow these books. Muslims are urged to
observe the Jumu‘ah prayer and should not get involved in
business so much as to neglect the remembrance of Almighty
Allah.
The second section (ayats 9 to 11) was sent down many years
later, was appended to this Surah because in it Almighty Allah
has bestowed Jumu‘ah on the Muslims as against the Sabbath of
the Jews, and so Allah (swt) wanted to warn the Muslims
not to treat their Jumu‘ah as the Jews had treated their Sabbath.
518
This section was sent down on an occasion when a trade caravan
arrived in Madinah right at the time of the Jumu‘ah
congregational service and hearing its din and drum the
audience, except for 12 men, left the Prophet Muhammad's (s)
and rushed out to the caravan, although the he (s) at that time
was delivering the Khutbah (Sermon). Thereupon it was enjoined
that after the call is sounded for the Jumu‘ah Prayer all trade and
business and other occupations become forbidden. The believers
should then suspend every kind of transaction and hasten to the
remembrance of Almighty Allah.
There is an hour in this day when no one will ask Allah a thing
but He will grant it. According to a report in Ibn Abi Hatim, the
day was so named because it was on this day that Adam and
Hawwa‘ met with each other on the earth. (The report is also in
Hakim who declared it trustworthy: Sami). A hadith in Bukhari
records Abu Hurayrah as saying that the Prophet said,
―We are the last but the first on the day of Judgment despite the
fact that those who went before us were given the Book before us.
Moreover, this day (Jumu‘ah) was declared obligatory on them
but they differed therein, but Allah guided us. So, the people are
our followers: the Jews tomorrow and the Christians, the day
after‖ [Razi, Qurtubi, Ibn Kathir].
522
63. Surah Al-Munafiqun (The Hypocrites; Wolf in
sheep‟s Clothing; The Masquerader)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Munafiqun In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah of the Surah,
"When the hypocrites come to you, [O Muhammad], they say,
"We testify that you are the Messenger of Allah." And Allah
knows that you are His Messenger, and Allah testifies that the
hypocrites are liars." [63:1]. the title refers to the hypocrites
among the people of Madinah, who tried to dissuade the Ansars
(those who helped the migrants), from helping the believers who
had migrated to Yathrib (Madinah). The Surah has 11 ayats in 2
Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
523
Khazraj his authority was never contested and never had the Aus
and the Khazraj agreed to one man before this. So, the agreement
between the two clans of his appointment as chief was a notable
event throughout Madinah.
This was the condition when the voice of Islam reached Madinah
in those days. The leaders and more influential people started to
become Muslims. This happened before the Muslim migration
from Makkah and before the Prophet Muhammad (s) was even
invited to come to Madinah. Abbas bin Ubadah bin Nadlah
Ansari wanted to delay this invitation to the Prophet (s) hoping
that Abdullah bin Ubayy may voluntarily become Muslim and
Islam would become the center point of Madinah making the
transition easier and without offending the tribes or their leaders
(mainly Abdullah ibn Ubayy), but the delegation that arrived in
Makkah to declare their allegiance and invitation to the Prophet
Muhammad (s) did not give any importance to the proposal of
Abbas bin Ubadah. They did not want to delay the arrival of the
Prophet Muhammad (s) and went ahead with preparing to
welcome him to Madinah.
Besides the fact that that the Munafiqun had already been so
exposed, the Prophet Muhammad (s) still treated them kindly.
The Munafiqun did not have the courage to fight the Muslims
either. They would still pay Zakah, come to the masjid, offer
prayers, and claim that they were good Muslims. They would try
to hide their hypocritical acts and make excuses if they were
caught. They did this because they knew of the consequences of
leaving the majority Muslim population of Madinah altogether.
They would purposely miss opportunities to cause mischief and
chaos in the community, because they knew that many
disadvantages would naturally arise for them if someone figured
out their lies and deception.
1. Criticism of hypocrisy.
At the end, the believers are warned that the love of wealth and
children should not make them indifferent to the remembrance
of the Almighty Allah. They are exhorted to be sincere in their
faith and make charity in order to guard themselves against
unconditional hypocrisy of their heart which may arise due to
Shaitan‘s whispers (waswasa).
Abu Huraira (ra) reported that Allah‘s Messenger (s) said: ―Two
characterstics cannot combine in a hypocrite: good character and
an understanding of religion.‖ [Sunan Tirmidhi (5/49) No.
2684, al-Thiqat Ibn Hibban (8/227) No. 13149, al-
Mu‟jam al-Awsat al-Tabarani (8/75) No. 8010, al-
Madkhal ila al-Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi (pg. 256) No.
357]
'Abdullah ibn 'Amr narrated that the Prophet (s) said, "If anyone
has four characteristics, he is a pure hypocrite, and if anyone has
one of them, he has an aspect of hypocrisy until he gives it up:
whenever he is trusted, he betrays his trust; whenever he speaks,
he lies; when he makes an agreement, he breaks it; and when he
527
quarrels, he deviates from the truth by speaking falsely." [al-
Bukhari (34) and Muslim (58)]
Abu Huraira (ra) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (s) said
"The heaviest salat for the hypocrite is that of Isha'a and Fajr and
if they knew what was in them they would have attended them
even if it meant crawling, and I have a strong desire to order the
salat to be established, then order a man to lead the people in
salat then I would go with some men carrying bundles of wood to
a people not attending the salat and burn their houses on them."
[al-Bukhari (657) and Muslim (651)]
On the authority of 'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin Al-'As (ra) that the
Prophet (s) said: "A Muslim is the one from whose tongue and
hands the Muslims are safe; and a Muhajir (Emigrant) is the one
who refrains from what Allah has forbidden." [al-Bukhari (10)
and Muslim (40)]
Abu Hurairah (ra) reported: The Prophet (s) said, "By Allah, he is
not a believer! By Allah, he is not a believer! By Allah, he is not a
believer." It was asked, "Who is that, O Messenger of Allah?" He
said, "One whose neighbour does not feel safe from his evil." [al-
Bukhari (6016) and Muslim (46)]
Another narration of Muslim is: Messenger of Allah (SAW) said,
"He will not enter Jannah whose neighbour is not secure from
his wrongful conduct".
529
64. Surah At-Taghabun (Mutual Loss and Gain; The
Deprivation; Mutual Dispossession in Gaining Personal
Benefits)
Concise Tafseer of Surah At-Taghabun In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the ayah 9, "The Day He will
assemble you for the Day of Assembly - that is the Day of
mutual deprivation....." (64:9). The word [mutual
deprivation] is mentioned only here in the Qur'an.
Period of Revelation
Muqatil and Kalbi say that it was partly revealed at Makkah and
partly at Madinah. Abdullah bin Abbas (ra) and Ata bin Yasar say
that ayats 1-13 were revealed at Makkah and ayats 14-18 at
Madinah. But the majority of commentators regard the whole of
the Surah as a Madinan Revelation. Although there is no internal
evidence to help determine its exact period of revelation, yet a
study of its subject matter shows that it might probably have
been sent down at an early stage at Madinah. That is why it
partly resembles the Makki Surahs and partly the Madani
Surahs.
530
Day of Judgment.
The first four ayats of the Surah are addressed to all men; ayats 5
– 10 to those men who do not believe in the invitation of al-
Qur‘an; and ayats 11-18 to those who accept and believe in this
invitation. The believers are urged to be cautious but forgiving of
the enemies they may have within their own families. Muslims
are exhorted to avoid worldly ties and to devote themselves to
God Almighty and are warned to remain steadfast and to spend
in Almighty God‘s cause.
7. Among our wives and children there are some who would
be our enemies.
532
65. Surah at-Talaq (The Divorce)
Concise Tafseer of Surah At-Talaq In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, "O Prophet,
when you [Muslims] divorce women, divorce them for [the
commencement of] their waiting period and keep count of the
waiting period...." [65:1]. ―At-Talaq‖ is not only the name of the
Surah, it is also the subject matter of the title. Abdullah bin
Mas‘ud (ra) described it as ―Surah an-Nisa al-qura‖ i.e. the
shorter Surah An-Nisa. The Surah has 12 ayats in 2 Ruku‘
(Section).
Period of Revelation
533
Subject Matter of the Surah
This and the following Surah at-Tahrim speak about family rules.
The spouses should follow Allah‘s (swt) rules even they have
disagreement with other. It would be useful to refresh one‘s
memory about the instructions which have been given in the
Qur‘an for the divorce and waiting period (iddat).
"Divorce may be pronounced twice; then the wife may either be
kept back in fairness or allowed to separate in fairness." (Al-
Baqarah: 229)
"Then, if the husband divorces his wife, she shall not remain
lawful for him after this divorce, unless she marries another
husband..." (Al-Baqarah: 230)
"When you marry the believing women, and then divorce them
before you have touched them, they do not have to fulfill a
waiting period, the completion of which you may demand of
them." (Al-Ahzab: 49)
"And if those of you who die, leave wives behind, the women
should abstain (from marriage) for four months and ten days."
(Al-Baqarah: 234)
In this Surah the proper rules of divorce are given. One must not
just say the words of divorce and separate oneself from his wives,
but give them their rights. In first 7 ayats of the Surah, Allah
(swt) defines the time period of Iddah to be three menstruation
periods, three months if menstruation is not applicable, and in
case of pregnancy it is the delivery of child, after addressing the
topic of divorce and a number of other resulting family issues.
People, who, in spite of their financial difficulties, set out to
observe the limits set by Allah (swt) with a view to please Him,
534
will receive His special help and assistance. Those who do not
observe the limits set by Almighty Allah because of their
ignominy of ignorance only wrong their own souls.
Allah said,
(…….You know not, it may be that Allah will afterward bring
some new thing to pass.) (65:1) meaning, `We commanded that
535
the divorced wife remains in her husband's
House during the `Iddah period, so that the husband might
regret his action and Allah decides that the husband feels in his
heart for the marriage to continue.' This way, returning to his
wife will be easier for him. Az-Zuhri said that `Ubaydullah bin
`Abdullah said that Fatimah bint Qays said about Allah's
statement,
(…….You know not, it may be that Allah will afterward bring
some new thing to pass.) (65:1)"Taking her back.'' Similar was
said by Ash-Sha`bi, `Ata', Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Muqatil bin
Hayyan and Ath-Thawri. [Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
537
66. Surah At-Tahrim (The Prohibition; Holding
something to be Forbidden; The Banning)
Concise Tafseer of Surah At-Tahrim In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah is found in the first ayah, "O Prophet, why
do you prohibit [yourself from] what Allah has made lawful for
you..." [66:1] where the word, ―tuharrrimu‖: you forbid – occurs.
Allah (swt) asks the Prophet (s), why he has forbidden himself
something which is lawful in the sight of Almighty Allah. Certain
aspects of the personal and family life of the Prophet
Muhammad (s) are dealt with. The Surah has 12 ayats in 2 Ruku‘
(Section).
Period of Revelation
538
2. Allah (swt) requires true repentance. Salvation is not
based on family or tribal relations but on Iman and
Taqwa.
O Prophet, why do you forbid what Allah has made lawful for
you? Is it to please your wives? Allah is Most Forgiving, Most
Compassionate. (66:1)
When Hatib bin Abi Baltaa took this letter to him, he did not
embrace Islam but received him well, and in reply wrote: I know
that a Prophet is yet to rise, but I think he will appear in Syria.
However, I have treated your messenger with due honour, and
540
am sending two slave-girls to you, who command respect among
the Coptics. (Ibn Saad).
One of those slave-girls was Sirin and the other Mariyah (Mary).
On his way back from Egypt, Hatib presented Islam before both
and they believed. When they came before the Prophet (peace be
upon him), he gave Sirin in the ownership of Hassan bin Thabit
and admitted Mariyah into his own household. In Dhil-Hijjah,
A.H. 8 she gave birth to the Prophet‘s (peace be upon him) son,
Ibrahim. (Al-Istiab; Al-Isabah). This lady was very beautiful.
Hafiz Ibn Hajar in Al-Isabah has related this saying of Aishah
about her: No woman‘s entry into the Prophet‘s household vexed
me so much as that of Mariyah, because she was very beautiful
and pleased him much. Concerning her the story that has been
narrated in several ways in the Hadith is briefly as follows: One
day the Prophet (peace be upon him) visited the house of Hafsah
when she was not at home. At that time Mariyah came to him
there and stayed with him in seclusion. Hafsah took it very ill
and complained of it bitterly to him. Thereupon, in order to
please her, the Prophet (peace be upon him) vowed that he
would have no conjugal relation with Mariyah in future.
In Nasai only this much has been related from Anas: The Prophet
(peace be upon him) had a slave-girl with whom he had conjugal
relations. Then, Hafsah and Aishah began to point out this to
him repeatedly until he forbade her for himself. There upon,
Allah sent down this verse: O Prophet, why do you make
unlawful that which Allah has made lawful for you.
541
The other incident has been related in Bukhari, Muslim, Abu
Daud, Nasai and several other books of Hadith from Aishah
herself and its purport is as follows: The Prophet (peace be upon
him) usually paid a daily visit to all his wives after the Asr Prayer.
Once it so happened that he began to stay in the house of Zainab
bint-Jahsh longer than usual, for she had received some honey
from somewhere as a gift and the Prophet was very fond of sweet
things; therefore, he would have a drink of honey at her house.
Aishah states that she felt envious of this and spoke to Hafsah,
Saudah and Safiyyah about it and together they decided that
whoever of them was visited by the Prophet, she should say to
him: Your mouth smells of maghafir. Maghafir is a kind of
flower, which gives out an offensive smell, and if the bee obtains
honey from it, it is also tainted by the same odor. They all knew
that the Prophet was a man of very fine taste and he abhorred
that he should emit any kind of unpleasant smell. Therefore, this
device was contrived to stop him from staying in the house of
Zainab and it worked.
When several of his wives told him that his mouth smelt of
maghafir, he made a promise not to use the honey any longer. In
one tradition his words are to the effect: Now, I will never have a
drink from it: I have sworn an oath. In another tradition he only
said: I will never have a drink from it, and there is no mention of
the oath. And in the tradition which Ibn al Mundhir, Ibn Abi
Hatim, Tabarani and Ibn Marduyah have related from Ibn Abbas
the words are to the effect: By God, I will not drink it.
4. Example of the wives of Nuh (a) and Lut (a) who will go to
hell and the example of Fir'on's (Pharaoh's) wife and
Maryam who will go to paradise.
543
67. Surah Al-Mulk (The Dominion; The Kingdom; The
Sovereignty of Supreme Power)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Mulk In Summarized Form
Surah al-Mulk takes its name from the first ayah, "Blessed is He
in whose hand is dominion, and He is over all things competent
-" (67:1). The Surah has 2 Ruku‘ (Section) and 30 ayats.
The Surah declares that Amighty Allah has created death and
life, so as to put man to a test to show which of is better in
conduct. It challenges anyone to find a flaw in the Almighty
Lord‘s creation. The misery met by the sinners in Hell, are also
mentioned. The Surah emphasizes that no individual can impose
his/her will on another; he/she may only guide and set an
example (67:26).
The believers are urged to be grateful for all the mercies that
Allah (swt) has bestowed upon them.
Period of Revelation
544
The Surah talks about the greatness of Almighty Allah and
beautiful samawat that He has created. It reminds people that if
they consider the laws of samawat and travel in the land with
open eyes, they will indeed see that this whole kingdom belongs
to Allah and He controls everything.
In conclusion, the people have been asked this question and left
to ponder over it: "If the water which has come out from the
earth at some place in the desert or hill country of Arabia and
upon which depends your whole life activity, should sink and
vanish underground, who beside Allah can restore to you this
life-giving water?"
545
Ayats (1 - 7): Kingdom of the samawat belongs to Almighty Allah.
The lower heaven is decorated with the lamps (stars). A
conversation between the dwellers of hell and her guards is
presented.
Ayats (15 - 30): No one can help men against Almighty Allah. No
one can provide humans sustenance besides Allah (swt). No one
can save us from the punishment of Almighty Lord.
Ibn Abbas (ra) said that one of the companions of the Prophet (s)
set up his tent over a grave without realising that it was a grave
and it contained a man who was reciting the Surah
Tabarakalladhi Biyadihil Mulk up to the end. He went and told
the Prophet (s) who said, 'It is The Defender; it is The Protector
which safeguards from the punishment of Allah Ta'ala.‘ [Jami
at-Tirmizi: Book 45, Hadith 3133]
546
It was narrated that ‗Abd-Allah ibn Mas‘ud said: Whoever
reads Tabaarak allaahi bi yadihi‘l-mulk [i.e., Soorat al-Mulk]
every night, Allah will protect him from the torment of the grave.
At the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) we used to call it al-maani‘ah (that which
protects). In the Book of Allah it is a Surah which, whoever
recites it every night has done very well. [Narrated by al-
Nasaa‟i, 6/179; classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh
al-Targheeb wa‟l-Tarheeb, 1475]
Jabir (ra) said it was the custom of the Prophet (s) not to go to
sleep until he had read Tabarakalladhi Biyadihil Mulk and Alif
Laam Meem Tanzeel. [Ahmad, Tirmidhi and Darami]
3. Allah (swt) decorated the lower sky with stars and planets
like lamps in the night. We used them to attack the devils
when they come up close and we have prepared for the
devils the punishment of the blazing fire.
548
68. Surah Al-Qalam (The Pen)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Qalam In Summarized
Form
Surah al-Qalam takes its name from the first ayah, "Nun. By the
pen and what they inscribe," [68:1]. This Surah is also called as
―Nun‖. It has 52 ayats in 2 Ruku‘ (Section)
Period of Revelation
549
The Surah tells us that the message of the Prophet is not the talk
of a madman. The writings of all scriptures bear testimony to the
truth of this message. The disbelievers are admonished that
wellbeing in the Hereafter inevitably belongs to those who are
God conscious. It is utterly against reason that in the Hereafter,
the obedient servants should meet the same fate as the guilty.
Those who are being called upon to bow before Lord Almighty in
the world and refuse to do so, would not be able to prostrate
themselves on the Day of Resurrection, even if they wanted to do
so, and thus would stand disgraced and condemned. They have
no reasonable ground for opposing the Rasool, they cannot
either make the claim that they know with certainty that he is not
a true Rasool, nor that what he says is false.
The Surah urges people to be charitable and help the poor and
needy. The story of the people of a garden is mentioned who
wished to deny the charity to the poor and they suffered the
consequence in losing everything.
The Surah ends with the story of Prophet Yunus (a). It urges the
Prophet Muhammad (s) and through him his followers to
continue this mission and not to give up in frustration. The
mission of Islam is for the whole world.
Ayats (34 - 52): Allah (swt) is not going to treat the believers in
the same way as He will treat the guilty. Why don't the
disbelievers understand this? Those who do not believe in Allah's
revelations are led step by step towards destruction.
Alqamah ibn Waqqas and Al-Aswad ibn Yazid said: A man came
to Ibn Mas'ud. He said: I recite the mufassal Surahs in one
rak'ah. You might recite it quickly as one recites ayah (poetry)
quickly, or as the dried dates fall down (from the tree). But the
Prophet (pbuh) used to recite two equal Surahs in one rak'ah; he
would recite (for instance) Surahs an-Najm (53) and ar-Rahman
(55) in one rak'ah, Surahs Iqtarabat (54) and al-Haqqah (69) in
one rak'ah, Surahs at-Tur (52) and adh-Dhariyat (51) in one
rak'ah, Surahs al-Waqi'ah (56) and Nun (68) in one rak'ah,
Surahs al-Ma'arij (70) and an-Nazi'at (79) in one rak'ah, Surahs
al-Mutaffifin (83) and Abasa (80) in one rak'ah, Surahs al-
Muddaththir (74) and al-Muzzammil (73) in one rak'ah, Surahs
al-Insan (76) and al-Qiyamah (75) in one rak'ah, Surahs an-
Naba' (78) and al-Mursalat (77) in one rak'ah, and Surahs ad-
Dukhan (44) and at-Takwir (81) in one rak'ah. [Narrated Ibn
Mas'ud: Abu Dawud said: This is the arrangement of
Ibn Mas'ud himself. Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 1396
In-book: Book 6, Hadith 26 English translation: Book 6,
Hadith 1391]
'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (ra) said that Abu Sa‗id al-Khudri
Narrated: the Messenger of Allah said, "dajjal (the Antichrist)
will appear in my Ummah and he will stay in the world for forty.
I do not know whether this will be forty days or forty months or
forty years. Allah will then send (Prophet) 'Isa (Jesus), son of
Maryam (Mary).
'Isa will pursue him and slaughter him. Then people will survive
for seven years (i.e., after the demise of 'Isa) in the state that
there will be no rancour between two persons. Then Allah will
send a cool breeze from the side of Ash-Sham. None will remain
upon the face of the earth having the smallest particle of good or
Faith in him but he will die, so much so that even if someone
amongst you will enter the innermost part of a mountain, this
551
breeze will reach that place also and will cause him to die.
Only the wicked people will survive and they will be as fast as
birds (i.e., to commit evil) and as ferocious towards one another
as wild beasts. They will never appreciate the good, nor condemn
evil. Then Shaitan will come to them in the garb of a man and
will say: 'Will you not obey me?' They will say: 'What do you
order us to do?' He will command them to worship idols. They
will have abundance of sustenance and will lead comfortable
lives. Then the Trumpet will be blown.
Every one hearing it, will turn his neck towards it and will raise
it. The first one to hear that Trumpet will be a man who will be
busy repairing the basin for his camels. He will become
unconscious. Allah will send, or will cause to send, rain which
will be like dew and there will grow out of it (like wild growth)
the bodies of the people. Then the second Trumpet will be blown
and they will stand up and begin to look around. Then it will be
said: 'O people! Go to your Rubb.' Then there will be a command:
'Make them stand there.' After it they will be called to account.
Then it will be said: 'Separate from them the share of the Fire.' It
will be asked: 'How much?' It will be said: 'Nine hundred and
ninety-nine out of every thousand.' That will be the Day which
will make children hoary-headed men because of its terror and
that will be the Day when the Shin will be uncovered." [Muslim
Book 19, Hadith 3 Arabic/English book reference : Book
19, Hadith 1810]
554
69. Surah Al-Haqqah (The Manifest Reality; The
Inevitable Reality; The Event of Truth; The Sure Truth)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Haqqah In Summarized
Form
The Surah takes its name from the first Ayah, " اٌحالةThe
Inevitable Reality -" [69:1] the word refers to the Day of
Judgment as the inevitable event. This word appears in the first
three ayats of the Surah. The Surah gives a powerful description
of the Day of Judgment, and declares that, on that Day, everyone
would be exposed, for what they had done, and dealt with
accordingly. The Surah has 52 ayats in 2 Ruku‘ (Section)
Period of Revelation
555
Lord and Sustainer of the worlds. On hearing this Islam entered
deep into my heart." This tradition of Umar (ra) shows that this
Surah had been sent down long before his acceptance of Islam,
for even after this event he did not believe for a long time, and he
continued to be influenced in favour of Islam by different
incidents from time to time, till at last in the house of his own
sister he came by the experience that made him surrender and
submit to the Faith completely.
The Surah tells about the fate of Thamud, 'Ad, Pharaoh, other
overthrown towns, the flood that came in the time of Prophet
Nuh (a).
Then, the Surah talks about the reward of the faithful and the
punishment of disbelievers. At the end it reminds the people that
this message is not poetry of a poet and something made up by
the Prophet (s) himself, it is the revelation of the Lord of the
worlds.
Ayats (38 - 52): The Qur'an is the word of Almighty Allah and not
of the Prophet, and is a reminder for those who fear Allah (swt).
557
70. Surah Al Ma‟arij (The Ascending Stairways; The
Ascending Steps; The Ways of Ascent)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al Ma‟arij In Summarized
Form
The Surah takes its name from the 3rd Aya, "[It is] from Allah,
owner of the ways of ascent." [70:3], this word appears twice in
the Qur‘an. The Surah provides a vivid description of the Day of
Judgment. Any attempt by the disbeliever, to redeem himself or
herself from the sufferings of that Day, will be in vain. The Surah
has 44 ayats and 2 Ruku (Section).
Period of Revelation
558
subject matter with the last one, ―Surah Al-Haqqah‖. Patience
and the mystery of Time will show the ways that climb the
Heaven. Sin and Goodness must each eventually come to its
own.‖
The second Ruku‘ starts from ayah 36 and continues uptill the
end of the surah and it states that the Paradise is not for the
disbelievers and Disbelievers will have downcast eyes and
countenances distorted with shame.
560
71. Surah Nuh (Noah)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Nuh In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the very first Ayah, "Indeed,
We sent Noah to his people, [saying], "Warn your people before
there comes to them a painful punishment." [71:1] devotes to
describing the call of Prophet Nuh, to his people, and the
ultimate drowning of those who were heedless to his call. The
story of Nuh (a) has been discussed from the beginning to the
end. The Surah has 28 ayats in 2 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
When Nuh (a) realized the messages were not accepted by the
561
community, he supplicated to Almighty God. Allah (swt) planned
to flood the community of Nuh (a) at a specified time. So, Lord
Almighty commanded Nuh (a) to warn the people of the flood.
Allah (swt) brings forth the water from the skies to prove Nuh‘s
(a) message to be accurate.
Ayats (20 - 28): The Prophet Nuh's (a) prayer not to leave any
unbeliever on the surface of the earth and Allah granted his wish.
He was Noah ibn Lamik ibn Mitoshilkh ibn Enoch ibn Yard ibn
Mahlabil ibn Qinan ibn Anoush ibn Seth ibn 'Adam, the Father of
Mankind 'alayhis-salam.
563
Ibn Abi Hatim related this story, "Waddan was a righteous man
who was loved by his people. When he died, they withdrew to his
grave in the land of Babylonia and were overwhelmed by
sadness. When Iblis saw their sorrow caused by his death, he
disguised himself in the form of a man saying: 'I have seen your
sorrow because of this man's death; can I make a statue like him
which could be put in your meeting place to make you remember
him?' They said: 'Yes.'
Into this environment Allah sent Noah with His message to his
people. Noah was the only intellectual not caught in the
whirlpool of man's destruction which was caused by polytheism.
According to Islam, he was a prophet, sent to warn mankind of
that region and his people to change their ways. He conveyed the
message for over 950 years.
Noah saw that the number of believers was not increasing, while
that of the disbelivers was. He was sad for his people, but he
never reached the point of despair. There came a day when Allah
revealed to Noah that no others would believe. Allah inspired
him not to grieve for them at which point Noah prayed that the
disbelivers be destroyed. He said:
"My Lord! Leave not one of the disbelivers on the earth. If you
leave them, they will mislead Your slaves and they will beget
none but wicked disbelivers." [Al-Qur'an 71:27]
565
"And construct the ship under Our Eyes and with Our
Inspiration and address Me not on behalf of those who did
wrong; they are surely to be drowned." [Al-Qur'an 11:37]
Islamic scholars agree that Noah had four sons whose names
were Ham, Shem, Yam and Japheth. According to the Quran, one
of Noah's sons was a disbeliever who refused to come aboard the
Ark, instead preferring to climb a mountain, where he drowned.
It is agreed among most Islamic scholars that Yam was the one
who drowned; the other three remained believers.
The Qur‘an states that Noah's wife was not a believer with him so
she did not join him; neither did one of Noah's sons (Yam), who
was secretly a disbeliever but had pretended faith in front of
Noah. The sons of Noah are not expressly mentioned in the
Qur'an, except for the fact that one of the sons was among the
people who did not follow his own father, not among the
believers and thus was washed away in the flood.
Also the Qur'an indicates a great calamity, enough to have
destroyed Noah's people, but to have saved him and his
generations to come.
567
72. Surah Al Jinn (The Jinn)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Jinn In Summarized Form
The Surah is all about the Jinns, who are also created by Allah,
according to this Surah, like mankind. There are righteous and
wicked, among them. The Jinn are spiritual beings invisible to
the naked human eye. In the Qur‘an, it is stated that humans are
created from the earth and jinn from smokeless fire. The Surah
has 28 ayats in 2 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
This Surah was revealed during the early stages of the prophet's
residence at Makkah. According to a hadith narrated in the
books of Bukhari and Muslim, - on the authority of Abdullah ibn
Abbas (ra), once the Prophet was going to visit the fair of Ukaz
with some of his companions. On the way he led the fajr
(morning) prayer at Nakhlah. At that time a company of the Jinn
happened to pass that way. When they heard the Qur‘an being
recited, they stopped and listened to it attentively. This very
event has been described in this Surah.
The Jinn‘s hearing the Qur‘an during the journey to Ta‘if has
been related in Surah al-Ahqaf ( ayats 29-32) which had taken
place three years before the Hijrah in the 10th year of the
Prophethood. They were already believers in the Prophet Musa
(a) and the previous scriptures. On the contrary, ayats 2-7 of this
Surah clearly show that the Jinn who heard the Qur‘an on this
occasion were polytheists and deniers of the Hereafter and
Prophethood.
568
Subject Matter of the Surah
In the last Surah we read about Prophet Nuh (a) who spent
almost a thousand years trying to convince people of the oneness
of Allah (swt), but they could not see the truth in all that time.
Here in Surah Al-Jinn, Almighty Allah tells us a completely
different story in which Prophet Muhammad (S) was reciting
Qur‘an during Salah and a group of Jinn was passing by. So they
stopped to listen to this beautiful recitation and immediately
recognized its truth and beauty.
Surah Jinn forms a pair with Surah Nuh the preceding surah
with regard to the subject discussed in them. Surah Nuh depicts
the warning of the Qur'an and its consequences by narrating the
account of the people of the Prophet Nuh (a), while Surah Jinn
verifies that depiction of warning by presenting the testimony of
the jinn folk on the authenticity of the Qur'an.
Ayats (16 - 28): Masjids are built for the worship of Almighty
Allah, so invoke no one else besides Him. The Rasools do not
have the power to harm or benefit anyone, their mission is just to
convey Allah's (swt) message. Only Almighty Allah knows the
unseen, He reveals it to whom He chooses from the Rasools.
The Qur‘an and Sunnah indicate that jinn exist, and that there is
a purpose for their existence in this life, which is to worship Allah
Alone with no partner or associate. Allah Almighty says: “And I
(Allah) created not the jinns and humans, except they
should worship Me (Alone).”(Adh-Dhariyat: 56)
Allah has told us in His Book the essence from which the jinn
were created. He says: “And the jinn, We created aforetime
from the smokeless flame o fire.”(Al-Hijr : 27) `A‘ishah
(may Allah be pleased with her) says that the Prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him) said: “The angels were created from
light, the jinn were created from fire, and Adam was
created from that which has been described to
you.”(Reported by Muslim)
Types of jinn
Allah has created different types of jinn. Among them are some
who can take on different forms such as dogs and snakes; some
who are like flying winds with wings; and some who can travel
and rest. Abu Tha`labah al-Khushni says that the Prophet (peace
572
and blessings be upon him) says: “The jinn are of three
types: a type that has wings and they fly through the air;
a type that looks like snakes and dogs; and a type that
stops for a rest then resumes its journey.”(Reported by
At-Tahawi in Mushkil Al-‘Athar)
Every individual among the sons of Adam has a jinn who has
been appointed to be his constant companion (qarin). Ibn
Mas`ud reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon
him) says: ―The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah
be upon him) says: „There is not one of you who does not
have a jinn appointed to be his constant companion.
‗They said, ‗And you too, O Messenger of Allah?‘ He said, „Me
too, but Allah has helped me and he has submitted, so
that he only helps me to do good.‟‖ (Reported by Muslim)
Their powers
Allah has given jinn powers that he has not given to humans.
Allah has told us about some of their powers such as the ability to
move and travel quickly. One of the jinn guaranteed to Prophet
Sulayman (Solomon, peace and blessings be upon him) that he
would bring the throne of the Queen of Yemen to Jerusalem in a
moment, faster than the time needed for someone to get up from
where he was sitting. Allah Almighty says: “A stalwart of the
Jinn said: I will bring it thee before thou canst rise from
thy place. Lo! I verily am strong and trusty for such
work. One with whom was knowledge of the Scripture
said: I will bring it thee before thy gaze returneth unto
thee. And when he saw it set in his presence, (Solomon
said) This is of the bounty of my Lord. That He may try
me whether I give thanks or I am ungrateful.
Whosoever giveth thanks he only giveth thanks for (the
good of) his own soul: and whosoever is ungrateful (is
ungrateful only to his own soul‟s hurt). For lo! My Lord
is Absolute in independence, Bountiful.”(An-Naml: 39-
40)
573
The food and drink of jinn
The believing jinn may eat any bone on which the name of Allah
has been mentioned, because the Messenger (peace and
blessings be upon him) did not permit them to have anything on
which Allah‘s Name has not been mentioned – those are for the
unbelieving jinn.
The jinn live where we do live on this earth. They are mostly to
be found in ruins and unclean places like bathrooms, dunghills,
garbage dumps and graveyards. Hence the Prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him) taught us to take precautions when
entering such places, by reciting the adhkar (mentioning Allah‘s
Name) prescribed by Islam.
574
One of these are reported by Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be
pleased with him) who says: ―When the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings be upon him) entered the toilet, he would
say, „Allahumma inni a`udhu bika min al-khubuthi wal-
khaba‟ith (O Allah, I seek Refuge with You from all
offensive and wicked things [evil deeds and evil
spirits]).‟‖
Allah tells us that some of the jinn said “And there are among
us some who have surrendered (to Allah) and there are
among us some who are unjust. And whoso hath
surrendered to Allah, such have taken the right path
purposefully.” (Al-Jinn: 14)
Because jinn can see us while we cannot see them, the Prophet
(peace and blessings be upon him) taught us many ways to
protect ourselves from their harm. They are seeking refuge of
Allah from the accursed shaytan, reciting surat Al-Falaq and
Surat An-Nas, and reciting the words taught by Allah in the
Qur‘an. Allah Almighty says, “And say: My Lord! I seek
refuge in Thee from suggestions of the evil ones. And I
seek refuge in Thee, my Lord, lest they be present with
me.”(Al-Mu‘minun: 97-98)
[Courtesy: https://archive.islamonline.net/?p=643]
577
73. Surah Al-Muzzammil (The Folded Garments; The
One Who is Covered Up; The Enshrouded One; The One
Wrapped Up)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Muzzammil In
Summarized Form
This Surah takes its name from the first Ayat, " يا أيهاO you
who wraps himself [in clothing]," [73:1]. Al-Muzzammil takes
its name from the reference to the prophet Muhammad (s), in his
cloak praying at night. ―The Enfolded One‖ is a name for
Muhammad (s) used throughout the Qur'an.
Its main theme is to urge the believers to spend the later portion
of the night, in prayer and reading the Qur‘an. Such prayers,
though not compulsory, will definitely be well rewarded, in the
Hereafter. This Surah has 20 ayats in 2 Ruku‘ (Section)
Period of Revelation
578
enjoined at Madinah.
Ayats (20): Allah (swt) has told us in this section to read the
Qur'an as much as you easily can. Whatever you spend in the way
of Almighty Allah, you will find it in the Hereafter.
Allah‘s Prophet (s) said: Allah removes poverty from the reciter
of this surah and along with this he will give him the reward of
freeing slaves equal to number of jinns and devils(satans)
580
present in this world. [Tafseer Burhaan]
The Qiyam and Tahajjud Prayers are the same prayer with
different names. Tahajjud and Qiyam are the same thing, namely
optional night prayer. However, the only difference appears
when these two names are used during Ramadan. The prayer
after `Isha‘ Prayer is referred to as Qiyam (or, more
commonly,Tarawih), while spending the night in worship (after
some sleep) is called Tahajjud. Both names have been used in the
Qur‘an. Referring to Qiyam, the Qur‘an uses the phrase qum al-
layl when Almighty Allah says: “O thou wrapped up in thy
raiment! Keep vigil the night long (qum al-layl), save a
little, a half thereof, or abate a little thereof, or add (a
little) thereto and chant the Qur‟an in measure…” (Al-
Muzzammil: 1-4)
Using the verb fatahajjad, a derivative from the root hajada
(meaning to keep vigil), Allah says: “And some part of the
night awake for it (fatahajjad), a largess for thee. It may
be that thy Lord will raise thee to a praised estate.”(Al-
Isra‘: 79)
582
5. Allah (swt) advises the believers to establish prayer, give
zakah which is a goodly advance work which reach to
Almighty Allah as a credit for them. Whatever one spends
in the way of Almighty Allah, he/she will find it in the
Hereafter.
583
74. Surah Al-Muddaththir (The Cloaked One; The
Enveloped One; The Man Wearing a Cloak; The One
Wrapping Himself Up)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Muddaththir In
Summarized Form
This Surah takes its name from the first Ayat, أيها يا "O you
who covers himself [with a garment]," [74:1]. The title refers
to the Holy Prophet, enveloped in his garment, and the Surah
commands him to spread the Message to others. The Surah
outlines all the fundamental concepts of the Quran, and focuses
on the great responsibility of the Prophet, and through him, all
his followers, to warn people of the hereafter. Surah Al-
Muddaththir has 56 ayats on 2 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
Most Qur‘anic historians agree that this Surah was part of the
early Makki revelations. The first seven ayats of this Surah
belong to the earliest period at Makkah. Even according to some
traditions which have been related in Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi,
Musnad Ahmad, etc., on the authority of Jabir bin Abdullah (ra),
these are the very earliest ayats of the Qur‘an to be revealed to
the Prophet (s). Many well-known authors‘ chronologies place
Surah al-Muddaththir as the second Surah revealed to the
Prophet Muhammad (s) including Ibn Kathir citing the hadith:
―Jabir ibn Abd Allah told, I heard the Messenger of Allah – and
he was narrating about the pause in Revelation – so he said in
his narration: ―I was walking, when I heard a voice from the
heavens. So I raised my head, and there was an angel, the one
that had come to me at Hira, sitting upon a chair between the
heavens and the earth. I fled from him out of fear, and I returned
and said: ‗Wrap me up! Wrap me up! So they covered me.‖ Then
Allah, Most High revealed: ‗O you who are wrapped up! Arise
584
and warn.‘ Up to His saying: ‗And keep away from the Rujz!‘
before the Salat was made obligatory.‖
585
On the other, the previous Surah Al-Muzzammil and this one
Surah Muddaththir form a pair with regard to their subject-
matter. The first Surah directs the Prophet (s) to prepare himself
for bearing the burden of a heavy responsibility, while the second
one explains this responsibility after the warning of the first
phase of his preaching mission. He should now launch the next
phase of open warning to his people in public.
Lord Almighty says He alone has the power to forgive the one
who adopts piety and an attitude of God consciousness - even
though one may have committed many acts of disobedience in
the past. Only the 'Ashaab-ul-Yameen' will be declared as the
victors; they shall live comfortably in Paradise and from there
inquire from those who would be put in Hell as to what led them
to it. In reply, the dwellers of Hell would openly confess the
crimes which led them to their state of affliction.
Ayats (32 - 56): Actions which lead to hellfire are: Not offering
Salah, not feeding the poor, wasting time in vain talk and
denying the Day of Judgment.
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Umar ibn
al- Khattab told people to kill snakes in the Haram.
Malik said, about the "wild dogs" which people were told to kill
in the Haram, that any animals that wounded, attacked, or
terrorised men, such as lions, leopards, Iynxes and wolves, were
counted as"wild dogs." However, someone who was in ihram
should not kill beasts of prey that did not attack (people), such as
hyenas, foxes, cats and anything else like them, and if he did then
he had to pay a forfeit for it.
Similarly, someone in ihram should not kill any predatory birds
except the kinds that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, specified, namely crows and kites. If someone in
ihram killed any other kind of bird he had to pay a forfeit for it.
[Muwatta‟ Imam Malik, Book 20 (Hajj), Hadith 794]
Nowadays, neither the ass nor lion inhabit the wilderness of the
peninsula.
588
75. Surah Al-Qiyamah (The Resurrection; The Rising of
the Dead)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Qiyamah In Summarized
Form
The word, ―Al-Qiyamah‖ appears in the first ayah, "I swear by the
Day of Resurrection" [75:1]. The Surah is a very strong
reminder of the Day of Resurrection. The Surah stresses the
seriousness of this life and our responsibility for our actions.
Man‘s heedlessness of the Day of Resurrection, is deplored, and
asserts that the Creator, who originally created us from nothing,
indeed has the power to raise the dead to life. The Surah has 2
Ruku‘ (Section) and 40 ayats.
Period of Revelation
Most of the Surahs, from here till the end of the Qur'an, in view
of their content and style, seem to have been sent down in the
period when after the first seven ayats of Surah Al-Muddaththir,
revelation of the Qur'an began like a shower of rain. Thus, in the
successively revealed Surahs Islam and its fundamental concepts
and moral teachings were presented so forcefully and effectively
in pithy, brief sentences and the people of Makkah warned so
vehemently on their errors and deviations that the Quraysh
chiefs were utterly confounded. Therefore, before the next Hajj
season came they held the conference for devising schemes to
defeat the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) as has been
mentioned in the Introduction to the Surah Al-Muddaththir.
589
According to the name of the Surah its discussions have rotated
around the axis of the troubles of the Resurrection Day, except
some ayats which mentioned about the Qur‘an, the liars and the
definitions regarding the Judgment Day, altogether revolve
around these four 4 subjects:-
At the same time, the people have been warned of the event of
the Day of Judgment (Al-Qiyamah), the occurrence of which they
deny will inevitably come. All their deeds will be brought and
placed before them. As a matter of fact, even before any of they
sees their record, they will know fully well what they have done
in the dunya.
Ayats (31- 40): The disbelievers don‘t believe because they never
took their faith (Islam) seriously.
Musa b. Abi ‗A‘ishah (ra) said‘ ―A man used to pray on the roof of
his house. When he recited the ayah ―Is not He able to bring the
dead to life?‖ (75:40), he would say:‖Glory be to You, then, why
not?‖ They asked him about it, and he replied: ―I heard it from
the Messenger of Allah (s)‖. Abu Dawud said: Ahmad (b. Hanbal)
said: It is pleasing to me that one should recite in the obligatory
prayer those supplications which have occurred in the Quran.
[Sunan Abi Dawud 884]
Narrated Abu Hurayrah (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (s) said:
When one of you recites ―By the fig and the olive‖ (Surah 95) and
comes to its end ―Is not Allah the best judge?‖ (95:8), he should
say: ―Certainly, and I am one of those who testify to that.‖ When
one recites ―I swear by the Day of Resurrection‖ (Surah 75) and
comes to ―Is not that one able to raise the dead to life? (75:40),
he should say: ―Certainly.‖ And when one recites ―By those that
are sent‖ (Surah 77), and comes to ―Then in what message after
that will they believe?‖ (77:50), he should say: ―We believe in
Allah.‖
592
2. Qur‘an was revealed to the Prophet on his heart. Prophet
Muhammad (s) was very anxious to memorize and repeat
the ayats as quickly as possible because they came once
and he was illiterate so he couldn‘t preserve them, but
Allah (swt) tells him (s) not to worry, that He will make
sure that the Prophet (s) would remember. Almighty Allah
Himself took the responsibility of preserving the Qur'an.
3. People love this fleeting life and are heedless of the
Hereafter. On the Day of Judgment, some faces will be
radiant and beaming, turned towards their Lord, looking
at indescribable beauty. Others, however, will look
dreadful and despairing, anticipating something
devastating to befall them.
4. The last moments of disbeliever's death. They will be in
such great pain their legs would get locked out torment
and wind around one another.
5. Do some people really think that they will not be returned
to the Creator for judgment? Humankind will not be left
to wander about without purpose. Each person began as a
drop of sperm, changed into a clinging clot (mass of cells)
that God Almighty proportioned and shaped and made
into one or other of the two sexes, male or female.
6. In this life the disbeliever denies the truth, fails to pray,
and then turns away, walking back to his people with
arrogance and conceit. Some people refuse to do anything
other than deny the truth. They do not fear God Almighty
or prepare for the inevitable; instead, they indulge in
sinful behavior not even bothering to conceal their
arrogance.
593
76. Surah Ad-Dahr (Age; Era; Endless Time; The
Epoch), also known as Al-Insan (Man; Human; The
One)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Insan In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
594
Surah had ended. The central theme of both the Surahs is the
same; however, the nature of arguments and methodology of
discussion are different in both.
In this Surah, first of all humans has been reminded that there
was a time when they were nothing – which is an allusion to an
obvious reality regarding the creation of humans that a period
has passed over them when they were a non-entity. Almighty
Lord has created them from a drop of fluid, and after making this
drop pass through various phases fashioned it into a being. Later
they would be able to hear and understand the reality with their
god given senses in gradual process.
Surah Al-Insan gives the glad tidings of Paradise and all that
awaits therein for those who choose the right path, being grateful
to their Lord and following His Command until they depart from
this world successful. This Surah also directs men to a truth they
cannot forget - their successes and the endless rewards of
Paradise are achieved only by the grace and mercy of their Lord,
so one must take the way to Almighty Allah.
596
77. Surah Al-Mursalat (Those Sent Forth; The Winds
Which Are Sent Forth; The Emissaries)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Mursalat In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first Ayah, "By those
[winds] sent forth in gusts" [77:1]. The Surah gives a
description of the Day of Judgement, and the life of the
Hereafter, for the disbelievers, and the righteous.
Period of Revelation
This Surah was revealed in the early period during the Prophet's
(s) life at Makkah. If this Surah is read together with the two
Surahs preceding it, namely Al-Qiyamah and Ad-Dahr, and the
two Surahs following it, namely An-Naba and An-Nazi'at, it
becomes obvious that all these Surahs are the revelations of the
same period, and they deal with one and the same theme, which
has been impressed on the people of Makkah in different ways.
597
after death. Previous Surah have the details of rewards given to
good doers and their life in heaven; but this Surah describes the
fate if the evil doers detailing the horror and painful life in hell.
The example of man's own history, his own birth, and the
structure of the earth on which he lives, bear the testimony that
the coming of Resurrection and the establishment of the
Hereafter are possible as well as the demand of Allah Almighty's
wisdom. History tells us that the nations which denied the
Hereafter ultimately became corrupted and met with
destruction.
Finally the deniers of the Hereafter and those who turn away
from Lord Almighty have been warned at the end of the Surah.
The fate of the deniers of the Hereafter has been depicted with
horrific words. The sparks of the fire of Hell will be as big as
castles and would seem like yellow camels, while the righteous
will be in heaven eating fruits and enjoying life in cool shades
and springs. The deniers are told, ―In what statement after this
Qur‘an, will they believe?‖
598
winds, rain and angels that the Day of Judgment will be
established. Woe on that day to the disbelievers! On that day;
the disbelievers will be asked to walk towards the hell which they
used to deny.
Ayats (41 - 50): The righteous will be given all that they desire. A
warning has been provided to the disbelievers.
600
78. Surah An-Naba' (The Great News; The Tidings; The
Announcement)
Concise Tafseer of Surah An-Naba' In Summarized
Form
The Surah takes its name from the second Ayah, ُاٌع ي ٓع
"About the great news -" [78:2]. This Surah puts forth
convincing arguments in support of the Day of Judgement
(Yaumul-Qiyamat). It draws our imagination to wonder about
the Creator Who has made this Universe and its life out of
nothing, and is therefore, capable of bringing a new situation
such as the Hereafter. The Surah has 40 ayats in 2 Ruku‘
(Section).
Period of Revelation
601
the Day of Decision is coming. This beautiful and orderly
universe is pointing to the Day of Decision. Allah will bring all
people to judgment. The wicked will be thrown in the hell and
the righteous will receive their reward from Allah.
The first twenty ayats are filled with the wonders of the worldly
creation (the earth, plants, the peace of night shared by loving
couples, the mountains and rain). The latter twenty ayats are
filled with the eternal wonders and horrors of the next world
with raging sinner (the Arabic root TGY "At-Tagh'in" is used)
being punished starkly opposed with the rewarding of dutiful
believers (the Arabic root WQY "Muttaqin" is employed as a
poetic parataxis to TGY) in paradise.
It has been reported that once Abu Bakr said to the Prophet
(saw), ‗O Messenger of Allah, you have become old.‘ The Prophet
(saw) said, ‗I have become old [due to] [Surah] Hud, al-Waqiah
[56], al-Murasalat [77], Amma yatasailoon [an-Naba 78] and
Waidha ash-Shamsu kuwirat [at-Takweer 81].[Jami‟ At-
Tirmidhi Book 47, Hadith 3609]
Abu Hurayrah added, "Then (after this period) Allah will send
water from the sky and then the dead bodies will grow like
vegetation grows, there is nothing of the human body that does
not decay except one bone; that is the little bone at the end of the
coccyx of which the human body will be recreated on the Day of
Resurrection."[Sahih Al-Bukhari (English-Arabic) V.6,
Hadith #457, P.429, Published by Dar Al-Arabia, Beirut,
Lebanon]
603
79. Surah An-Nazi‟at (The Soul Snatchers; Those Who
Drag; Those Who Tear Out; The Extractors; Those Who
Pull Out)
Concise Tafseer of Surah An-Nazi‟at In Summarized
Form
The Surah takes its name from the first Ayah, "By those
[angels] who extract with violence" [79:1]. The Surah has 46
ayats in 2 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
604
his divinity ‗and invincibility‘, perished with his followers.
Allah (swt) testifies to the fact that the inordinate person, who
prefers life of this world, would find an abode in Hell; whereas
the one who fears Allah alone and restrains himself from evil
desires would definitely find an abode in Paradise. Further,
Allah, through this Surah, makes it clear that only He knows the
exact time of the Day of Resurrection.
Ayats (27 - 46): The creation of man is not harder than the
creation of the heavens, earth and its contents. Punishment and
reward on the Day of Judgment.
(79:1) By those (angels) that pluck out the soul from depths,
(79:2) and gently take it away;
(79:3) and by those that speedily glide along (the cosmos),
(79:4) and vie with the others (in carrying out their Lord's
behests);
(79:5) and then manage the affairs of the Universe(according to
their Lord's commands).1
1. Here, the object for which an oath has been sworn by beings
605
having five qualities has not been mentioned; but the theme that
follows by itself leads to the conclusion that the oath has been
sworn to affirm that the Resurrection is a certainty, which must
come to pass, when all dead men shall be resurrected. Nor is
there any mention as to what are the beings possessed of the
qualities. However, a large number of the companions and their
immediate successors and most of the commentators have
expressed the opinion that they are the angels.
Now the question arises: On what basis has the oath been sworn
by these angels for the occurrence of the Resurrection and life
after death when they themselves are as imperceptible as the
thing for the occurrence of which they have been presented as
606
evidence and as an argument. In our opinion the reason is (and
Allah has the best knowledge) that the Arabs were not deniers of
the existence of the angels. They themselves admitted that at the
death the soul was taken out by the angels; they also believed
that the angels moved at tremendous speeds; they could reach
any place between the earth and the heavens instantly and
promptly execute any errand that was entrusted to them.
608
80. Surah „Abasa (He Frowned)
Concise Tafseer of Surah „Abasa In Summarized Form
The Surah takes its name from the first Ayah, "He frowned and
turned away." [80:1] The Surah begins with the incident of a
blind man (Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum) who came to the
Prophet (s) to seek knowledge, while the chiefs of Makkah were
denying the message. It talks about the greatness of Allah's (swt)
message. Those who will accept this message they will benefit
from it. But those who deny this message they are bringing harm
to their own selves. The Surah has 42 ayats in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
Aishah (rh) states that coming to Muhammad (s) he had said: "O
609
Messenger of Allah, guide me to the straight path." (Tirmidhi,
Hakim, Ibn Hibban, Ibn Jarir, Abu Ya'la. According to Abdullah
bin Abbas, he had asked the meaning of a verse of the Qur'an and
said to Muhammad: "O Messenger of Allah, teach me the
knowledge that Allah has taught you." Ibn Jarir, Ibn Abu Hatim).
The names of the people, who were sitting in Prophet's (s)
assembly at that time, have been given in different traditions. In
this list we find the names of Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Shaibah, Abu
Jahl, Umayyah ibn Khalaf, Ubay ibn Khalaf, who were the
bitterest enemies of Islam.
In view of the apparent style with which the discourse opens, one
feels that in this Surah, Allah (swt) has expressed His displeasure
against ill-treatment of any low level man. And when the whole
Surah is considered objectively, one finds that the displeasure, in
fact, has been expressed against the disbelieving Quraysh, who
because of their arrogant attitude and indifference to the truth,
were rejecting with contempt the message of truth being
610
conveyed by Muhammad (s).
The Surah also brings to light the authenticity of the Qur‘an, and
the prohibition on the forcible thrust of Islam on any individual.
Since the Qur‘anic teachings are full admonitions and clear signs,
which are easily comprehensible, the Prophet (s) is asked to
merely proclaim the words of Almighty Allah to mankind, and
leave it to the individual to accept or reject the truth. The Surah
emphasizes the origin of man and his ingratitude, despite all the
blessings that have been showered upon him. It also
recapitulates the mercy of Allah (swt) to man, and the
consequences of a good or evil life in this world, as seen in the
Hereafter.
Ayats (33 - 42): On the Day of Judgment, no one shall care about
his own mother, father, brother or children.
611
2. Man is reminded to recognize his Creator. Human should
be grateful to their Lord Almighy.
3. The importance of the Qur‘an.
4. On the Day of Judgment, no one shall care about his/her
own mother, father, brother or children.
612
81. Surah At-Takwir (The Folding Up; The
Overthrowing; The Rolling; The Wrapping; Shrouded in
Darkness)
Concise Tafseer of Surah At-Takwir In Summarized
Form
The Surah tells about signs of the coming of the day of judgment.
Some of these signs include the following: (a) When the sun is
shrouded in darkness (turns into a sphere) (b) When the stars
lose their light (c) When the mountains are made to vanish (d)
When the seas boil over (e) when the she camel about to give
birth is left untended.
Period of Revelation
The subject matter and the style clearly show that it is one of the
earliest Surahs to be revealed at Makkah. It is seventh in the
order of revelation according to some scholars.
The first thirteen ayats of this Makki Surah deal with the break-
up of the current world. With this change in the universal order,
each soul would bear witness to its actions in the material world.
The Surah talks about the end of the world.
613
not the words of a madman. The purpose of this message is to
remind people to become morally upright.
Whoever wants to see the Qiyamah with his/her eyes should read
the verses of at-Takwir, al-Infitar and al-Inshiqaq.‖ [Tirmidhi,
Tafsir: 81- Ahmad: 2/27, 36,100-5/452]
615
82. Surah Al-Infitar (The Cleaving; Bursting Apart; The
Cleaving Asunder; The Splitting)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Infitar In Summarized
Form
Period of Revelation
This Surah and the Surah At-Takwir closely resemble each other
in their subject matter. This shows that both were sent down in
about the same period. Both the Surahs were sent down in the
very early stage of the Prophet's (s) residence at Makkah after
receiving prophet hood.
This Makki Surah refers to the fact that the physical world as we
see it now will be destroyed before the Day of Judgment.
It could be mentioned, at this juncture, that there are three
stages of Judgment:
616
numerous, that it is impossible to enumerate them. Therefore, is
it not man‘s foolishness to deny the blessings of his/her Allah
(swt)?
Allah (swt) ensures man that the Day of Judgment would open
his eyes to the truth that he has been denying in this life. But
then, it would be too late for repentance. The ―records‖
mentioned in the Surah, are the records maintained by the
angles of Almighty Allah, of the intentions, actions and deeds of
the people.
1. In Surah At-Takwir it has been said: When the oceans are set
ablaze, and here: When the oceans are torn apart. When the two
verses are read together, and this fact is also kept in view that
even according to the Quran a terrible earthquake will occur on
the Resurrection Day, which will shake up the entire earth all at
once, the state of the splitting of the oceans and their being set
ablaze, seems to be as follows: first, because of the terrible
convulsion, the bottom of the oceans will split asunder and their
water will start sinking into the interior of the earth where an
intensely hot lava is constantly boiling up.
Coming into contact with the lava, water will dissolve into its two
617
constituent parts, oxygen which helps combustion, and
hydrogen, which is itself combustible. Thus, in the process of
dissolution and combustion, a chain reaction will start, which
will set all the oceans of the world ablaze. This is our conjecture;
the correct knowledge is only with Allah.
618
83. Surah Al-Mutaffifeen (The Cheats; The Defrauders;
Those Who Give Less; Those Who Deal in Fraud; Those
Who Weigh Less)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Mutaffifeen In Summarized
Form
The Surah takes its name from the first Ayah, َ" َو ْيل لِّ ْل ُم َط ِّففِينWoe to
those who give less [than due]," [83:1]. The word mutafif (who
gives less) is unique to this Surah and not mentioned elsewhere
in the Qur'an. The Surah has 36 ayats in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
The style of the Surah and its subject matter clearly show that it
was revealed in the earliest stage at Makkah. This Surah was
revealed when they had started ridiculing the Muslims and
disgracing them publicly in the streets and in their assemblies,
but persecution and manhandling of the Muslims had not yet
started.
619
of life, they would say that it had been sent down concerning that
particular matter. Therefore, what is proved by the tradition of
Ibn Abbas (ra) is that when after his emigration to Madinah the
Prophet (s) saw that the evil was widespread among the people
there, he recited this Surah before them by Allah's Command and
this helped them mend their ways.
In the end, the believers are consoled and the disbelievers are
warned. During their life in this world, those who committed the
crimes used to laugh at the believers. They would wink at one
another and exchange derisive glances as they passed them on
the roads. When they returned to their own people, they would
joke about the believers.
620
Interconnection of the Topics
622
84. Surah Al-Inshiqaq (The Splitting Apart; The
Sundering; The Rending Asunder)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Mutaffifeen In Summarized
Form
Period of Revelation
On that day each individual would have to account for his actions
623
in this life, before Allah (swt). Nobody shall be dealt with
unjustly. Allah‘s (swt) full Judgment would be established and
man should, therefore, strive for that World of Eternity.
Ayats (20 - 25): People are asked to believe while there is still
time.
1. Al-'A`rāf(7):206
2. Ar-Ra`d(13):15
5. Maryam(19):58
6. Al-Ĥaj(22):18
625
7. Al-Ĥaj(22):77
8. Al-Furqān (25):60
10. As-Sajdah(32):15
11. Şād(38):24
13. An-Najm(53):62
14. Al-'Inshiqāq(84):21
15. Al-`Alaq(96):19
[Courtesy:https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/2267/h
ow-many-sajdas-are-in-quran]
627
85. Surah Al-Burooj (The Constellations; The Great
Stars; The Zodiacal Signs)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Burooj In Summarized
Form
The Surah takes its name from the first ayah, "By the sky
containing great stars" [85:1]. The word, ―burooj‖ bas many
meanins sush as towers, fortressrs, signs of zodiac, stars,
mansions, constellations, etc. The Surah has 22 ayats in Ruku‘
(Section).
Period of Revelation
The subject matter of the Surah can be found in ayah 10, ―Indeed
those tortured the believing men and believing women and then
have not repented will have the punishment of Hell, and they will
have the punishment of the Burning Fire.‖
First of all, in the ayats 1 to 9 relates the story of the ditch after
swearing oaths by burooj and resurrection (promised day). This
have been related to teach the disbelievers of Makkah if they
persist in persecuting the believers, they owould be destroyed.
628
On the other hand, believers are admonished to be patient and
stead-fast, and endure every persecution instead of giving up the
faith. In the hereafter, Allah (swt) will reward those who
persevered.
Then from ayats from 12 to the end, Lord Almighty warns the
disbelievers of their consequences of disobedience. Allah (swt)
promises the perpetrators of such an inhuman act, a far more
severe torture in the Hell-Fire. References are made in the Surah
about Fir‘aun (Pharaoh), and the people of Thamud, who became
godless and arrogant, and were destroyed by drowning and
earthquake, respectively.
Ayats (1 - 22): Those who torture the believers will be given the
punishment of fire on the Day of Judgment. He Who created you
for the first time will bring you back to life again for
accountability.
The monk said to him, ―Whenever you are afraid of the sorcerer,
say to him: `My people kept me busy.‘ And whenever you are
afraid of your people, say to them: `The sorcerer kept me busy.‖‘
So the boy carried on like that (for some time). Then a huge
terrible creature appeared on the road and the people were
unable to pass by. The boy said, ―Today I shall know whether the
sorcerer is better or the monk is better.‖
So, he took a stone and said, ―O Allah! If the deeds and actions of
the monk are liked by You better than those of the sorcerer, then
kill this creature so that the people can cross (the road).‖
Then he struck it with a stone killing it and the people passed by
on the road.
630
The boy came to the monk and informed him about it. The monk
said to him, ―O my son! Today you are better than I, and you
have achieved what I see! You will be put to trial. And in case you
are put to trial, do not inform (them) about me.‖The boy used to
treat the people suffering from congenital blindness, leprosy, and
other diseases. There was a courtier of the king who had become
blind and he heard about the boy. He came and brought a
number of gifts for the boy and said, ―All these gifts are for you
on the condition that you cure me.‖ The boy said, ―I do not cure
anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in
Allah and supplicate to Him, He will cure you.‖ So, he believed in
and supplicated to Allah, and Allah cured him.
Later, the courtier came to the king and sat at the place where he
used to sit before. The king said, ―Who gave you back your
sight‖The courtier replied, ―My Lord.‖ The king then said, ―I did‖
The courtier said, ―No, my Lord and your Lord – Allah‖
The king said, ―Do you have another Lord beside me‖ The
courtier said, ―Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah.‖ The king
tortured him and did not stop until he told him about the boy.
So, the boy was brought to the king and he said to him, ―O boy!
Has your magic reached to the extent that you cure congenital
blindness, leprosy and other diseases‖He said,‖ I do not cure
anyone. Only Allah can cure.‖ The king said, ―Me‖ The boy
replied, ―No.‖ The king asked, ―Do you have another Lord besides
me‖The boy answered,‖ My Lord and your Lord is Allah.‖ So, he
tortured him also until he told about the monk. Then the monk
was brought to him and the king said to him, ―Abandon your
religion.‖
So, the mountain shook and they all fell down and the boy came
back walking to the king. The king said, ‖ What did your
companions (the people I sent with you) do‖ The boy said, ―Allah
saved me from them.‖ So, the king ordered some people to take
the boy on a boat to the middle of the sea, saying, ―If he
renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown
him.‖ So, they took him out to sea and he said, ―O Allah! Save me
from them by any means that you wish.‖ So they were all
drowned in the sea.
Then the boy returned to the king and the king said, ―What did
your companions do‖ The boy replied, ―Allah, saved me from
them.‖ Then he said to the king, ―You will not be able to kill me
until you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will
be able to kill me.‖ The king asked, ―And what is that‖ The boy
said, ―Gather the people in one elevated place and tie me to the
trunk of a tree; then take an arrow from my quiver and say: `In
the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.‘ If you do this, you will be
able to kill me.‖ So he did this, and placing an arrow in the bow,
he shot it, saying, ―In the Name of Allah, the Lord of the boy.‖
The arrow hit the boy in the temple, and the boy placed his hand
over the arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, ―We
believe in the Lord of the boy!‘‘
Then it was said to the king, ―Do you see what has happened that
which you feared has taken place. By Allah, all the people have
believed (in the Lord of the boy).‖ So he ordered that ditches be
dug at the entrances to the roads and it was done, and fires were
kindled in them. Then the king said, ―Whoever abandons his
religion, let him go, and whoever does not, throw him into the
fire.‖ They were struggling and scuffling in the fire, until a
woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it
was as if she was being somewhat hesitant of falling into the fire,
so her baby said to her, ―Be patient mother! For verily, you are
632
following the truth!‖)
In the time of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was the son of
Tuban As`ad Abi Karib, who was the Tubba` who invaded Al-
Madinah and put the covering over the Ka`bah. He kept two
rabbis with him from the Jews of Al-Madinah. After this some of
the people of Yemen accepted Judaism at the hands of these two
rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq mentions at length. So Dhu Nuwas killed
twenty thousand people in one morning in the Ditch. Only one
man among them escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu
Tha`laban. He escaped on a horse and they set out after him,
but they were unable to catch him. He went to Caesar, the
633
emperor of Ash-Sham.
634
86. Surah At-Tariq (The Morning Star; The Night
Visitant; The Piercing Star)
Concise Tafseer of Surah At-Tariq In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
Surah Al-Burooj (85) and Surah Al-Tariq (86) form a pair, which
complement the subject matter of each other. The central theme
of both these Surahs, on the one hand, is to remove the doubts
and to give answers to the objections of the Quraysh regarding
the Day of Judgment; while, on the other, it is to remind them of
the consequences of their persecution of the believers and their
rejection of the Prophet‘s (s) message.
635
In the beginning, the Surah starts with oaths of As-sama‘ (sky)
and At-Tariq (The Piercing Star; The Nigt-comer; The Knocker),
telling men that there is watcher over them, their deeds and sins
are recorded. Allah then asks the human beings to think about
how they were created. He then goes on to say that he has
created human beings from the gushing water flowing between
the backbone and the ribs.
636
Guardian Angel guarding every living being on Earth
637
4. The entire secret will get revealed on the Judgment Day,
there will be no power and support for men except Lord
Almighty.
638
87. Surah Al-A‟la (The Most High; The Supreme)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-A‟la In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, "Exalt the name
of your Lord, the Most High," [87:1]. The Surah has 19 ayats in 1
Ruku‘ (Section).
In this Surah, it is argued that Allah (swt) has made man capable
of progress by ordered (destined) standards, and by His
revelation, would raise him still further up spiritually. Lord
Almighty is aware of all that happens, and the way of life
ordained by Him is easy and useful for humanity.
Period of Revelation
This Surah begins with Al-Mutasabbihat (ت ِ ْال ُم َسب َِّحا- Those Surahs
of the Qur‘an that begin with Allah's glorification 'Subhana',
'Sabbaha', and 'Yusabbihu'). The main subject matters of Surah
Al-A‘la is Tauhid and Hereafter. The Surah speaks about the
praise of Allah the Most High. He created everything. He created
the human being and gave him capacity to make progress. Man
can make progress if he obeys Allah's rules.
The Qur'an is the message from Allah and He will guard it. The
Prophet (s) should continue giving the message to others. Those
who accept it will benefit from it, but those who will reject it they
639
will be the losers.
In the end, the Surah mentions about the true success. Human
can obtain success by purifying himself from the excessive love of
dunya by remembering the name of their Lord Almighty and
performing the Daily stated Prayers. The fact that hereafter is
better than the life of this world is not only mentioned in al-
Qur‘an, it was also mentioned in the books given to Prophets
Ibrahim (a) and Musa (a).
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal relates on the authority of Ali bin Abu
Talib that Muhammad (s) loved Surah Al-A‘la.
641
88. Surah Al-Ghashiyah (The Overwhelming Event; The
Pall; The Veil; The Screen In Cover)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Ghashiyah In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, "Has there
reached you the report of the Overwhelming [event]?" [88:1].The
Surah has 26 ayats in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
The whole subject matter of the Surah indicates that this too is
one of the earliest Surahs to be revealed; but this was the period
when the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) had started
preaching his message publicly. This Surah was sent down
probably in the 4th year of Prophet‘s (s) mission in Makkah.
642
merry making and enjoying life.
The remaining ayats urges the prophet (s) to remind the people
about all those mentioned in the Surah. Prophet Muhammad (s)
is the admonisher who reminds them of the future and of the
consequences of their actions, but he is not the enforcer. There is
no compulsion in religion; to heed the warning or not or to
believe or not to believe is a choice given to humankind.
Ultimately they have to return to Allah (swt), then He shall call
them to account, and shall inflict punish those who disbelieve.
643
Yahya related to me from Malik from Damra ibn Said al-Mazini
from Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utba ibn Masud that ad-
Dahhak ibn Qays asked an-Numan ibn Bashir, "What did the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
use to recite on the day of jumua after suratal-Jumua (Sura 62)?"
He said, "He used to recite al-Ghashiya (Surah 88)." [Muwatta
Imam Malik Book -5, Hadith – 21]
644
89. Surah Al-Fajr (The Dawn; The Daybreak)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Fajr In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, " َوا ْل َف ْج ِرBy the
dawn" [89:1]. The Surah has 30 ayats in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
The Surah is an early Makki Surah. Its contents show that it was
revealed at the stage when persecution of the new converts to
Islam had begun in Makkah. On that very basis the people of
Makkah have been warned of the evil end of the tribes of Ad and
Thamud and of Pharaoh.
645
By the night which passes away is meant spiritual darkness
which disappears when spiritual awakening occurs. However,
some scholars hold the opinion that the dawn, then ten nights,
and the even and the odd are nothing special. These are routine
and usual and usual dawn of everyday, group of ten nights in
every month, and even and odd numbers in everything. Swearing
oaths by these things Allah (swt) emphasizing the concepts of
resurrection after death, the Judgment Day the reward and
punishment, and life in the Hereafter.
In the ayats 10 to 14, the evil end of the earlier nations such as
the Tribes of ‗Ad, Thamud, the people of Pharaoh has been cited
as an example to show to the pagan disbelievers of Makkah their
obvious possible fate, if they persist in their disbelief they will
meet the same scourge of chastisement like those nations.
646
self-reproaching or self-accusing soul which can be called
as conscience.
Ayats (21 - 30): Day of Judgment will be too late to heed the
admonition. Almighty Allah addresses the believers here.
(i.e., the first ten nights of Zul-Hajj), and it will become a light
on Dooms Day for the one who recites it at other times ((of the
year)‖.[Majma-al-Bayan Vol 10, p. 481]
647
prayer in congregation, then he sits remembering Allah until the
sun rises and prays two Rakahs (Duha) will have a reward
similar to the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage.‖ [Jami‟ Tirmidhi,
Book 6, Hadith 43]
Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (s) said, "(A group of)
angels stay with you at night and (another group of) angels by
daytime, and both groups gather at the time of the 'Asr and Fajr
prayers. Then those angels who have stayed with you overnight,
ascend (to Heaven) and Allah asks them (about you) ---- and He
knows everything about you. "In what state did you leave My
slaves?' The angels reply, 'When we left them, they were praying,
and when we reached them they were praying.' ―[Sahih
Bukhari, Book 97, Hadith 56]
About Aad
1. Aad Iram implies the ancient tribe of Aad, who have been
called Aad-ula in the Quran and Arabian history. In Surah An-
Najm, it has been said: And that We destroyed the ancient people
of Aad (verse 50), i.e. the Aad to whom the Prophet Houd (peace
be upon him) had been sent, and who were punished with a
scourge. As against them the people of Aad who remained safe
and flourished afterwards are remembered as Aad-ukhra in
Arabian history.
The ancient Aad are called Aad-lram for the reason that they
belonged to that branch of the Semetic race which descended
from Iram, son of Shem, son of Noah (peace be upon him).
Several other sub-branches of this main branch are well known
in history. One of which were the Thamud, who have been
mentioned in the Quran; another are the Aramaeans, who in the
beginning inhabited the northern parts of Syria and whose
language Aramaic occupies an important place among the
Semetic languages.
The words dhat-ul-imad (of lofty pillars) have been used for the
648
Aad because they built high buildings and the pattern of
architecture of erecting edifices on lofty pillars was introduced by
them in the world. At another place in the Quran this
characteristic has been mentioned in connection with the
Prophet Houd (peace be upon him), who said to them: What, you
erect for mere pleasure a monument on every high spot, and
build huge castles as if you were immortal. (Surah Ash-Shuara,
Ayats 128-129). [Tafhim Al-Qur‟an]
649
90. Surah Al-Balad (The City; The Land)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Balad In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, "I swear by this
city (Makkah)" [90:1].
Period of Revelation
Its subject matter and style resemble those of the earliest Surahs
revealed at Makkah, but it contains a pointer which indicates
that it was sent down in the period when the disbelievers of
Makkah had resolved to oppose the prophet Muhammad (s). And
they made it lawful for themselves to commit tyranny and excess
against the prophet (s).
Previous Surah Al-Fajr and this Surah form a pair as both the
Surahs describe the same subject. The central theme of both the
Surahs is to reprimand the leaders of the Quraysh for the
rebellious attitude and arrogant behaviour they have adopted
with regard to Allah (swt) and their fellow human beings after
being bestowed with favours and riches.
650
In this Surah Al-Balad, the leadership of the Quraysh is
reminded of the history of Makkah. It is pointed out to them that
they never always possessed the favours and riches they now
have. When Ibrahim (a) had settled their forefathers in this land
centuries ago, their life was full of toil and struggle. After the
Almighty had endowed them with favours, they became arrogant
and rebellious instead of showing gratitude and spending in the
way of Allah (swt).
The Surah explains the true position of human in the world and
of the world in relation to human; Allah has shown man both the
highways of good and evil. Allah has also provided for him the
means to judge, see and follow them.
651
Interconnection of the Topics
652
4) Allah (swt) gave all human being individually with two
eyes, a tongue and two lips, and He has shown us the way
to good and evil. Ultimately, it is we who make choices
between them.
653
91. Surah Ash-Shams (The Sun)
Concise Tafseer of Surah As-Shams In Summarized
Form
This Makki Surah has a fine passage which gives ample evidence
of Almighty Allah‘s providence, and the various contrasts in His
sublime creations.
Period of Revelation
The Subject matter and style of the Surah show that this Surah
too was revealed in the earliest period of Makkah at a stage when
opposition to prophet (s) had grown very strong and intense.
The Surah begins with swearing oaths of sun, moon, day, nighty,
sky, earth and by the soul proportioned by Allah (swt) to explain
central theme of it. These are the knowledge of right and wrong,
good and evil, truth and falsehood which Allah (swt) bestowed
upon all human being. So, those who have purified themselves by
following the right way are successful, while those who have
followed the wrong way and corrupted their knowledge are in
failure.
654
warn the people of Makkah about the evil consequences of
rejecting the truth.
Thamud tribe challenged their Prophet Salih (a) for a sign of his
prophethood; whereupon Salih pointed to a she-camel, and
asked them to leave it to graze without bringing any harm to it.
But they rejected his instructions and slaughtered it, and the
consequence of their action was utter destruction.
Their arrogant and rebellious attitude toward Allah (swt) and His
messenger avail them to nothing. Like the nation of Thamud, the
disbelievers of Makkah will face the same end if they don‘t learn.
Jabir reported:
'Mu'adh b. Jabal al-Ansari led his companions in the night
prayer and prolonged it for them. A person amongst us said
prayer (after having separated himself from the congregation).
Mu'adh was informed of this, and he remarked that he was a
hypocrite. When it (the remark) was conveyed to the man, he
went to the Messenger of Allah ( )ﷺand informed him of what
Mu'adh had said. Upon this the Messenger of Allah ( )ﷺsaid to
him: Mu'adh, do you want to become a person putting (people)
to trial?
When you lead people in prayer, recite:" By the Sun and its
morning brightness" (Surat ash-Shams)," Glorify the name of
thy most high Lord" (Surat al-A`la) and" Read in the name of
Lord" (Surat al-`Alaq), and" By the night when it spreads" (Surat
655
al-Lail). [Sahih Muslim Book 4, Hadith 203]
`Abd Allah ibn `Umar narrated, that while Muhammad (s) was
passing by Thamud's houses on his way to the Battle of Tabouk,
he stopped together with the people there. The people fetched
water from the wells from which the people of Thamud used to
drink. They prepared their dough (for baking) and filled their
water skins from it (the water from the wells). Muhammad (s)
ordered them to empty the water skins and give the prepared
dough to the camels. Then he went away with them until they
stopped at the well from which the she-camel (of Salih) used to
drink.[20] He warned them against entering upon the people
that had been punished, saying "Do not enter the house of those
who were unjust to themselves, unless (you enter) weeping, lest
you should suffer the same punishment as was inflicted upon
them.‖ [Sahih Bukhari]
657
92. Surah Al-Lail (The Night)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Lail In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah is appears in the first ayah of it, "By the
night when it covers" [92:1]. It has 21 ayats in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
The Surah contrasts two types of people, the charitable and the
miserly, and describes each of their characteristics.
Period of Revelation
This Surah Al-Lail was among the first ten Surahs to be revealed
in Makkah. According to Yusuf Ali, Al-Lail may be placed in the
dating period close to Surah Al-Fajr and Ad-Dhuha (93). It is
similar in subject matter to the chapter preceding it, Ash-Shams
(91).
In the first part of the Surah, in ayats 1 to 11 Allah (swt take oaths
of the night and the day and of Himself Who created male and
female to point out the two ways of mankind‘s life which is with
diverse endeavours and efforts. Those who have taken the first
way give their wealth in charity, fear Allah with taqwa and
acknowledges good as good, Allah (swt) will facilitate their way
to the state of ease surely.
Those who have taken the second way are mean and consider
themselves as self-sufficient and deny what is good and right,
658
Allah (swt) will surely facilitate them the state of hardship, and
their wealth will not avail them when they perish.
In the next part of this Surah, ayats 12 to 21, Allah (swt) says that
He has not left human unguided. He has taken upon Himself the
responsibility of giving guidance to making by His messengers
and through His revealed books. So, men have been warned
about evil whose end is the blazing fire. Pious one, who gives
charity from his wealth for the sake of Allah (swt), will be saved
from fire and will be pleased with Allah (swt).
Ayats (1 - 21): For good people, Allah (swt) will facilitate the easy
way and for the wicked, the hard way. What benefit will he get
from wealth, if one is doomed?
660
93. Surah Ad-Dhuha (The Morning Light; The
Forenoon; The Morning Hours; Morning Bright)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Ad-Duha In Summarized
Form
The Surah is named after the first ayah, " ٌ ح اBy the morning
brightness" [93:1] with which an oath has been taken by Allah
(swt). The Surah has 11 ayats in Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
661
Subject Matter of the Surah
This Surah along with the succeeding one: Alam Nashrah form a
pair. In both these Srrahs, the Prophet (s) is assured that he will
succeed in the mission he has been entrusted with by the
Almighty Allah. The Surah begins with oaths. Reference is made
to two different times, one when the people are active (Duha),
and the other when they rest.
The Surah also reveals promises from Almighty Allah that the
future life would be better than the past, indicating that the life
after death of the followers, would definitely be better. The Surah
further draws attention to our obligation towards orphans and
weaker sections of society who seek financial, physical, or moral
help.
Ayats (1 - 11): Good news to Muhammad (s) that the later period
will be better for him than the earlier.
663
Jabir reported:
'Mu'adh b. Jabal al-Ansari led his companions in the night
prayer and prolonged it for them. A person amongst us said
prayer (after having separated himself from the congregation).
Mu'adh was informed of this, and he remarked that he was a
hypocrite. When it (the remark) was conveyed to the man, he
went to the Messenger of Allah (s) and informed him of what
Mu'adh had said. Upon this the Messenger of Allah (s) said to
him: Mu'adh, do you want to become a person putting (people)
to trial? When you lead people in prayer, recite:" By the Sun and
its morning brightness" (Surat ash-Shams)," Glorify the name of
thy most high Lord" (Surat al-A`la) and" Read in the name of
Lord" (Surat al-`Alaq), and" By the night when it spreads" (Surat
al-Lail). [Sahih Muslim Book 4, Hadith 203]
664
94. Surah Al-Inshirah (The Opening Up; The
Consolation)/Alam Nashrah (Did We not expand)/
Surah Ash-Sharh (The Expansion)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Inshirah/Alam
Nashrah/Ash-Sharh In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah. It has 8 ayats in
1 Ruku‘ (Section).
The believers are told in this Surah not to give up under stress
and difficulties. There will be ease after difficulties. In short,
Surah Ash-Sharh is a short yet highly comprehensive Surah of
the Qur‘an which reminds the Messenger ( )ﷺabout the
greatest favor of Allah SWT on Him in terms of easing all of His
worries and making His journey of preaching Islam easy for
Him.
Period of Revelation
The aim and object of this Surah too is to console and encourage
665
Muhammad (s). Before his call he never had to encounter the
conditions which he suddenly had to encounter after it, when he
embarked on his mission of inviting the people to Islam. This
was by itself a great revolution in his own life of which he had no
idea in his life before prophethood. No sooner had he started
preaching the message of Islam than the same society which had
esteemed him with unique honour, turned hostile to him.
Although gradually he became accustomed to the hardships,
even much severer ones, yet the initial stage was very
discouraging for him. That is why first Surah Ad-Duha was sent
down to console him, and then this Surah.
At the start of the Surah, Allah (swt) says: "We have favoured
you, O Prophet, with three great blessings; therefore you have no
cause to be disheartened. The first is the blessing of Sharh Sadr
(opening up of the chest), the second of removing from you the
heavy burden that was weighing down your back before the call,
and the third of exalting your renown the like of which has never
been granted to any man before."
After this, Allah has reassured Muhammad (s) that the period of
hardships which he is passing through, is not very long, but
following close behind it there is also a period of ease. This same
thing has been described in Surah Ad-Dhuha, saying: "Every
later period is better for you than the former period, and soon
your Lord will give you so much that you will be well pleased."
The Surah also repeats the phrase "surely with hardship comes
ease," setting a precedent that appears throughout the Qur‘an
that any single difficulty faced by Muhammad (s) or his followers
would be rewarded twice over (or more).
This Surah teaches us that our individual lives are nothing but a
test and it will pass away so quickly anyway. So, our focus should
be on the life of the hereafter which is never ever going to end.
The only way to succeed is to work hard for it. If we understand
this concept so well for our worldly interests then why can‘t we
understand that if we want to be successful then we have to make
Almighty Allah our number one priority.
Ayats (1 - 8): Allah (swt) expanded the chest of the Prophet (s),
lightened his burden and exalted his fame.
667
95. Surah At-Tin (The Fig; The Fig tree)
Concise Tafseer of Surah At-Tin In Summarized Form
The Surah starts with the two oaths, the first word in the first is
the name of it, ْ اٌ يت "By the fig and the olive" [95:1]. The
word "fig" only appears in this Surah and nowhere else in the
Qur'an. It has 8 ayats in one Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
This Surah opens with three oaths mentioning the fig, the olive,
Mount Sinai, and "this city secured" (generally considered as
Makkah). We know that when Allah (swt) gives an oath, when he
swears by something, He is then going to give a response that is
related to the oath. The oath is the framework in which the
central message of the Surah sits.
668
In the first ayah, Allah (swt) is swearing by the fig and the olive
in a straightforward manner. Both fruits have many benefits for
humankind. However, in the following oaths, Lord Almighty
mentions places. Theses oaths have been much debated by the
scholars of Islam. Some say that the foods are just foods we are
familiar with; the fig was praised by Prophet Muhammad (s) in
his traditions and the olive is praised by Allah (swt) in the Qur‘an
particularly in Surah twenty-four (Surah An-Nur). Others point
out that, at the time, the Arabs would refer to a place by the food
that was grown there. Thus, the words fig and olive can refer to
the place where these were grown, the lands of Syria and
Palestine. Mount Sinai clearly refers to the Sinai Peninsula, and
the secure city is the city of Makkah.
All four places are the habitats of prophets, and the prophets are
examples of human beings living their best life. Fig refers to
Mount Judi where Prophet Nuh's Ark landed, while At-Teen
referring to Prophet Nuh‘s (a) the location where his Ark ship
landed. Az-Zaytoon is referring to where Isa (a) was born - in
Palestine where olives grow or Al-Aqsa Masjid in Palestine.
These Oaths are referring to the two fruits and also their
locations. So the idea that fig and olive refers to both fruit and
location was a view of the Sahabah (ajmayin) and their early
students. According to Ruh al-Ma'ani by Mahmud al-Alusi the
intent by naming two fruits is to mention two mountains from
the Holy land of Palestine. Prophet Musa (a) is always associated
with Mount Sinai, and Prophet Muhammad (s) is the prophet
most closely connected to the secure city of Makkah and also
Prophet Ibrahim (a).
Ayats (1 - 8): Man is made the best creatures of all, except the
disbelievers.
Bar‘a said, ―I heard the Prophet (s) reciting Surat at-Tin waz
Zaitun [95: By the Fig and the Olive] in the Isha prayer and I
have never heard anybody with a better voice or recitation than
his.‖ [Bukhari no. 7546 - ( صح حSahih)]
670
The "fig" and the "olive" symbolize, in this context, the lands in
which these trees predominate: i.e., the countries bordering on
the eastern part of the Mediterranean, especially Palestine and
Syria. As it was in these lands that most of the Abrahamic
prophets mentioned in the Qur‘an lived and preached, these two
species of tree may be taken as metonyms for the religious
teachings voiced by the long line of those God-inspired men,
culminating in the person of the last Judaic prophet, Jesus.
"Mount Sinai", on the other hand, stresses specifically the
apostleship of Moses, inasmuch as the religious law valid before,
and up to, the advent of Muhammad—and in its essentials
binding on Jesus as well—was revealed to Moses on a mountain
of the Sinai Desert. Finally, "this land secure" signifies
undoubtedly (as is evident from 2:126) Makkah, where
Muhammad, the Last Prophet, was born and received his divine
call. [Muhammad Asad, The Message of The Qur‟an]
Judgment of Allah
1. That is, when you want and expect even the petty judges of the
world to do justice, punish the culprits and reward the doers of
good, what is your opinion about God? Is He not the greatest of
all judges? If you think He is the greatest of all judges, do you
think that He will not do any justice? Do you expect that He will
treat the good and the evil alike? Will those who commit the
vilest of deeds in the world and those who perform
righteous deeds, both end in the dust: neither will any be
punished for his evil deeds, nor any be rewarded for his good
works.
672
96. Surah Al-„Alaq (The Clinging Substance; The Early
Stage of the embryo; Coagulated Blood; Blood Clot; A
Lump of Mud)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-„Alaq In Summarized Form
The Surah takes its name after the second Ayat, "Created man
from a clinging substance." [96:2].
The first five Ayat are among the first that were revealed to the
Prophet (saw), aged forty, in the cave of Hira, Makkah. The
Surah contains the command to preach, and explains the chief
obstacles to the delivery of the message of truth to man, viz.,
man‘s own stubbornness in rejecting the truth, his vanity, and
insolence. There is a requirement of Tilawat-e-Sajdah after
reading the last ayah of the Surah.
Period of Revelation
This Surah has two parts: the first part consists of ayats 1 to 5,
and the second of ayats 6 to 19. The first five Ayat are among the
first that were revealed to the Prophet (s), aged forty, in the cave
of Hira, Makkah. About the first part a great majority of the
scholars are agreed that it forms the very first Revelation to be
sent down to the Prophet (s). In this regard, the Hadith from
Hadrat Aishah (rh), which Imam Ahmad, Bukhari, Muslim, and
other traditionists have related with several chains of authorities,
is one of the most authentic hadith on the subject. In it Hadrat
Aishah (rh) has narrated the full story of the beginning of
revelation as she herself heard it from the Messenger of Allah (s).
Besides, Ibn Abbas, Abu Musa al-Ashari and a group of the
Companions also are reported to have stated that these were the
very first ayats of the Qur‘an to be revealed to Prophet
Muhammad (s).
The second part was sent down afterwards when the Prophet (s)
673
began to perform the prescribed Prayer in the precincts of the
Kabah and Abu Jahl tried to prevent him from this with threats.
The ayats from 1 to 3 are talking about how Allah (swt) created
human beings from Alaq (clay). After this ayats were revealed,
Muhammad (s) responded by saying that he didn't know how to
read. After angel Jibrail squeezed Muhammad's (s) chest a few
times, and the 3rd ayah was revealed, Muhammad (s) read even
though he did not know how to read or write. Ayats 4 to 5 stress
the importance of seeking knowledge for human. Ayats 6 to 8
explains the point, ―Even though Lord Almighty does so many
things for us we still disobey him. Some people say that they do
not need Allah (swt). It does not matter because everyone will
return to him on the Day of Judgment.‖
Ayats (1 - 19): 1 Read in the name of Allah, Who created man and
taught him by the pen. Those who forbid from the worship of
Allah will be dragged to hell by their forelock.
1. Al-'A`rāf (7):206
2. Ar-Ra`d (13):15
5. Maryam (19):58
6. Al-Ĥaj (22):18
7. Al-Ĥaj (22):77
8. Al-Furqān (25):60
676
14. Al-'Inshiqāq (84):21
677
3. Lord Almighty Allah is the one who truly teaches humans.
678
97. Surah Al-Qadr (The Decree; The Destiny; The Fate;
The Power)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Surah Al-Qadr In Summarized
Form
Period of Revelation
The theme of the Surah is to acquaint man with the value, worth
and importance of the Qur‘an. It‘s being placed just after Surah
Al-Alaq in the arrangement of the Qur‘an by itself explains that
the Noble Book, the revelation of which began with the first
revelation of first five ayats of Surah Al-Alaq was sent down in a
destiny making night.
679
It is a glorious Book and its revelation for mankind is full of
blessings.In the first ayah of this Surah Allah (swt) states that He
has revealed the Qur‘an in the Night of Qadr (destiny). The
commentators of the Qur‘an have mostly understood two
meanings of this statement. First, it is the night during which
destinies are decided. The revelation of this Book in this night is
not merely the revelation of a book but an event which will
change the destiny of not Quraysh tribe, or of Arabia, but of, the
entire world. The same thing has been said in Surah Ad-Dukhan.
The other meaning is that this is a night of unique honor, dignity
and glory; so much so that it is better than a thousand months.
In conclusion, it has been stated that in this night the angels and
Jibril (a) [Gabriel] descend with every decree (which in ayah 4 of
Surah Ad- Dukhan has been described as amr-hakim: wise
decree) by the leave of their Lord, and it is all peace from evening
till morning; that is, there is no interference of evil in it, for all
decrees of Almighty Allah are intended to promote good and not
evil. So much so that even if a decision to destroy a nation is
taken, it is taken for the sake of ultimate good, not evil.
Abu Mus'ab Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr az-Zuhri (d.42H) said that
Maalik informed him that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu
680
‗alayhi wa sallam was shown the generations of old from
mankind and it was as if the lifespans of his community were
shorter, and so it was not possible to accomplish the same
amount of deeds as those communities of old, who lived longer
lives and so Allah gave him the night of Al-Qadr which is better
than a thousand months. According to Maalik, this necessarily
means that this community (of Muslims) has been specially
favoured with the night of Al- Qadr. One of the Shaafi'i scholars
said that it is the view of the majority of scholars of fiqh, and
Allah knows best.
―Whoever stands (in prayer) during the Night of Al-Qadr with
faith and expecting a reward (from Allah), he will be forgiven for
his previous sins.‖ [Fath Al-Bari 4:294, and Muslim 1:253]
Allah informs that He sent the Quran down during the Night of
Al-Qadr, and it is a blessed night, about which Allah says,
We sent it down on a blessed night [44:3]
It has also been said that it is on the 23rd night due to a tradition
narrated from 'Abdullah ibn 'Unays in Sahih Muslim. It has also
been reported that it is on the twenty-fifth night due to what Al-
Bukhari recorded from Ibn Abbas that the Messenger of Allah
said: "Seek it in the last ten (nights) of Ramadhan. In the 9th it
still remains in the seventh it still remains, in the fifth it still
remains." Many have explained this statement to refer to the odd
nights, and this is the apparent and most popular explanation.
Imam Ahmad recorded from Zirr that he asked Ubayy ibn Ka'ab:
"O Abu'l-Mundhir! Verily, your brother Ibn Masud says whoever
stands for prayer (at night) the entire year, will catch the Night of
Al-Qadr." He (Ubayy) said: "May Allah have mercy upon him.
682
Indeed he knows that it is the twenty-seventh night." Then he
swore by Allah. Zirr then said, "How do you know that?" Ubayy
replied, "By a sign or an indication that he (the Prophet)
informed us of. It rises that next day having no rays on it -
meaning the sun."
3. Jibril (a) and other angels descend on this Night with the
blessings of goodness.
683
98. Surah Al-Bayyinah (The Clear Evidence; The Clear
Proof)
Concise Tafseer of Surah Al-Bayyinah In Summarized
Form
This Surah takes its name after the first ayah, " Those who
disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists
were not to be parted [from misbelief] until there came to them
clear evidence -" [98:1] The Surah has 8 ayats in 1 Ruku‘
(Section).
The Surah tells us that Prophet Muhammad (s) came with a clear
message and a Divine Book. This Book (the Qur‘an) contains the
basic message of all the Prophets of Allah. It also draws attention
to the different ends of those who follow the right path and those
who turn away from the truth.
Period of Revelation
684
The Surah explains the reason because of which the People of
the Book and the Idolaters of Makkah had formed an alliance at
that time to reject the Qur'an was not because they had any real
doubt about it; but the fact of the matter is that it was their
conceit and arrogance which led them to this attitude.
In the last three ayats, both the Quraysh and the People of the
Book werw sternly reprimanded on their pride and vanity as they
consider themselves to be very superior and for this reason are
not willing to even entertain the new call of the last prophet
Muhammad (s). Allah (swt) mentioned them as the worst of
creatures; they shall be thrown into Hell. Only those people are
of any status before Lord Almighty who profess faith in Him
without seeing Him and do righteous deeds. The eternal bliss is
what awaits those who have fear and hope of Allah (swt).
Ayats (1 - 8): The people of the Book did not get divided into
sects until after receiving guidance. They were also commanded
to establish Salah and pay Zakah.
Awf ibn Malik reported that the Prophet ﷺsaid, 'The Jews
685
split into 71 sects: one will enter Paradise and 70 will enter Hell.
The Christians split into 72 sects: 71 will enter Hell and one will
enter Paradise. By Him in Whose Hand is my soul, my Ummah
will split into 73 sects: one will enter Paradise and 72 will enter
Hell‘ [Ibn Majah, Abu Daud, al-Tirmidhi and al-Nisa‟i].
The hadith also occurs in many other versions as well.
4. Those who believe and did righteous deeds and earned the
rewards, Allah (swt) will be pleased with them and they
will be please with Him.
686
99. Surah Az-Zalzalah (The Convulsion; The
Earthquake; The Quake; The Shaking; The Violent
Trembling)
Concise Tafseer Surah Az-Zalzalah In Summarized
Form
This Surah talks about the life after death and that all deeds will
be exposed on the Day of Judgment. The Surah takes its name
from the word ―zilzal‖first ayah of it, "When the earth is
shaken with its [final] earthquake." [99:1] The Surah has 8
ayats in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
687
view. On the contrary, Qatadah and Muqatil say that it is Madani
and another statement of Ibn Abbas also has been cited in
support of this view.
During the time of the Prophet Muhammad (s), those who used
to deny the Day of Judgment had basically three misconceptions.
Firstly, they had extreme doubts about the destruction of this
world. Secondly, they reckoned that it was not possible to keep
an account of all the deeds of each and every person.
Thirdly, they were of the opinion that even if the above two were
true, there was no need for them to be fearful because the deities
they had associated with God would intercede for them and
would save them from any punishment. They went as far as to
believe that these intercessors would even win for them a high
rank and status in the Hereafter. All these three misconceptions
are dealt with in this surah, and their hollowness is categorically
pointed out.
688
In the last three ayats Lord Almighty depicts the event where on
that Day, human will rise from their graves and come out in
varied groups from all corners of the earth that they may be
shown their records of deeds. The presentation of their deeds will
be so complete and detailed that not an atom‘s weight of any
good or evil act will be left unnoticed or hidden from his eyes.
Narrated Anas bin Malik: "That the Messenger of Allah (s) said:
"Whoever recites Idha Zulzilat, it equals half of the Qur'an for
him. Whoever recites: Qul Ya Ayyuhal-Kafirun it equals a fourth
of the Qur'an for him. And whoever recites: Qul Huwa Allahu
Ahad it equals a third of the Qur'an for him." [At-Tirmidhi,
Book 45, Hadith 3138]
3. The people will split into groups based on the ones who
seceded and lost out on the Judgment Day. People will be
stripped of all the worldly fame and pomp they had
earned in life. They will not have their supporters around
them, nor their close ones, to pump them up in the
hardest test of their existence.
691
100. Surah Al-'Adiyat (Those that Run; The chargers;
The Coursers; The Racers; The War-horses; The
Assaulters)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-'Adiyat In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, حا "By
the racers, panting," [100:1]
Period of Revelation
692
by surprise when they launched their attack in the very early
morning. It was in this half-light that the sparks generated by the
movement of horses would be visible. Lord Almighty swears by
these war horses and describes their movements. In our mind‘s
eye we see a picture of the horses running, snorting, neighing,
and arriving in the middle of the enemy. This vision is one well-
known to those persons to whom the Qur‘an was at first
addressed. They were well aware of the widespread bloodshed,
and the loot and plunder mentality that was prevalent at that
time.
The horses are gifts and a blessing from Almighty Lord; they
should not have been employed for unjust fighting, tyranny, and
plunder. Almighty Allah did not intend that these magnificent
animals be used for this purpose. To use them in this way
demonstrates careless ingratitude. Here humans have been
warned and rebuked for being ungrateful. They are informed that
whatever they obtain in this world is through the means and
resources which the Almighty Allah has blessed them with.
The subject matter of this Surah is the same as the previous one:
Surah Zilzal (Al-Zalzalah) – Awareness of the Hereafter.
However, there is a difference between both Surahs: the first
portrays the day when all this will happen and the second cites
the reason which entails the coming of that day. The sequence in
which the subject matter is arranged is that amongst the various
animals which have been put to man's service by the Almighty,
the bravery, diligence and sacrifices displayed by war horses in
obedience and love for their masters are initially cited as
evidence.
694
3. It doesn‘t take much to realize how ungrateful human are
through their actions.
5. The dead will rise from their graves on the Judgment Day,
and the secrets of the mankind will be exposed.
695
101. Surah Al-Qari‟ah (The Calamity; The Clamour; The
Great Disaster; The Striking Hour; The Shocker)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-Qari‟ah In Summarized Form
This Surah takes its name from the first Ayat, "The
Striking Calamity" [101:1] The Surah gives the warning about
the Day of Judgment. It will be the day of great clamour. People
will be scattered and the mountains will crumble. Only those
whose balance will be weighty will prosper. The Surah has 11
ayats in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
The Surah represents to the Qura‘nic view of the end time and
eschatology. The meaning of "Qari‘ah" has been translated to
calamity, striking, catastrophe, clatterer, etc. According to Ibn
Kathir, a traditional exegete, Al-Qari‘ah is one of the names of
the Day of Judgment, like Al-Haaqqa, At-Tammah, As-Sakhkhah
and others. In the first 5 ayats a picturesque depiction of
Judgment Day has been outlined vividly.
696
with bliss and happiness, and the people whose good deeds will
be lighter, will be cast into the burning fire of hell.
Allah (swt) has made the human beings as His one of his best
creations and gave them all the necessary tools to discover the
true purpose of life - the superb intellect, the divine revelations,
the Prophets, the signs of the samawat, the ability to see, hear
and contemplate, the ability to differentiate between right and
wrong and the power to choose the right way. These are all gifts
of Almighty Allah which can lead us to eternal success. But the
rejection of these gifts leads us nowhere except into a blazing
fire.
697
Regarding its message, this Surah forms a group of four similar
Surahs along with two previous and one next surah which depicts
judgment day with picturesque description and concludes the
topic of every person's deeds being weighed and thus resulting in
either heaven or hell allotted to the according person. [Bayan-
ul-Quran; Dr.Israr Ahmed]
69:1 اٌحالة
69:2 ِا اٌحالة
69:3 ان ِا اٌحالة ِا أ
3. Those human whose good deeds are lighter than the evil
deeds will be cast into the deep pit of burning fire.
699
102. Surah At-Takathur (The Mutual Rivalry; The Piling
Up; The Incessant Competition; Striving for More; The
Show Off)
Concise Tafseer Surah At-Takathur In Summarized
Form
Period of Revelation
Abu Hayyan and Shaukani say that this Surah, according to all
commentators, is Makki, and this same is the well-known view
according to Imam Suyuti. However, there are some traditions,
on the basis of which it is considered a Madani Surah, and they
are as follows:
Ibn Hatim has cited Abu Buraidah as saying that this Surah was
sent down concerning the two tribes, Bani Harithah and Bani al-
Harth, of the Ansar. The two tribes had first recounted the
glories and illustrious deeds of their living men; then they had
gone to the graveyard and bragged of the glorious deeds of their
dead. Thereupon the Divine Revelation Alhakum at takathur
came down. But, if the practice of the Companions and their
successors concerning the occasions of revelation, is kept in view,
this tradition is no argument to prove that Surah At-Takathur
was sent down on that very occasion, but it shows that this Surah
fully applied to the act of the two tribes.
Imam Bukhari and Ibn Jarir have cited this view of Hadrat
Ubayy bin Ka'b: "We took the Prophet (s)" saying: `If the son of
Adam had two valley full of wealth, he would long for a third
valley; the son of Adam's belly cannot be filled but by earth, to
700
be from the Qur‘an until Alhakum at takathur was sent down'."
This Hadith has been regarded as an argument for Surah At-
Takathur to be a Madani Surah on the ground that Hadrat Ubayy
had become a Muslim in Madinah. But Hadrat Ubayy's this
statement does not indicate in what sense the Companions
regarded this saying of the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace)
as belonging to the Qur‘an. If it means that they regarded it as an
ayah of the Qur‘an, it cannot be acceptable, for a great majority
of the Companions consisted of the men who were well aware of
each and every word of the Qur‘an; they could not have the
misunderstanding that the Hadith was an ayah of the Qur‘an.
And if its belonging to the Qur‘an is taken to mean its being
derived from the Qur‘an, the tradition can also mean that when
the Companions who entered Islam in Madinah, heard this
Surah for the first time from the Prophet (s), they thought that it
had been revealed just then, and then about the Prophet's (s)
above saying they formed the idea that it was derived from this
very Surah.
The eight short ayats of Surah 102 follow on from the previous
Surah 101 Al-Qari‘ah, in which were told that certain people will
find there eternal abode in the fires of Hell. In this Surah we are
told the reason why people will have such a terrifying end and
Lord Almighty offers them advice.
The Surah talks about human‘s unbounded greed for wealth. The
race of acquiring wealth, property, sons, power, fame, influence,
material good goods, comforts, luxuries, etc. is not going to end
until deaths appears to them and they reaches final abode of
graves. This pursuit have made them so occupied that they didn‘t
able make time for them to gain spiritual knowledge of the
revealed books. If they had relied on the revealed knowledge of
certainty, they would have realized that such endeavor and
striving was bound to land them into trouble in this world as well
as in the hereafter. When humans will be raised up on the
Judgment Day, they will be asked about the blessing which they
amassed and enjoyed thoughtlessly.
It was narrated from Mutarrif, from his father, that the Prophet
(a) said: "The mutual rivalry (for piling up of worldly things)
diverts you, 'Until you visit the graves (i.e. till you die).' The son
702
of Adam says: 'My wealth, my wealth,' but your wealth is what
you eat and consume, or what you wear and it wears out, or what
you give in charity and send on ahead (for the Hereafter).'"
[Sunan an-Nasa'i 3613, In-book reference: Book 30
(The Book of Wills), Hadith 3. English translation: Vol.
4, Book 30, Hadith 3643]
Prophet Muhammad (s) said: ―The Son of Adam (i.e. man) says,
―My wealth, my wealth.‖ But do you get anything (of benefit)
from your wealth except for that which you ate and you finished
it, or that which you clothed yourself with and you wore it out, or
that which you gave as charity and you have spent it?‖
[Narrated by Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasai‟i]
Prophet (s) said: ―Three things follow the deceased person, and
two of them return while one remains behind with him. The
things which follow him are his family, his wealth and his deeds.
His family and his wealth return while his deeds remain.‖
[Narrated by Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-
Nasai‟i]
Anas (ra) reported that the Messenger of Allah (s) said, ―The son
of Adam gets old but his two things remain young in him; greed
for wealth and hope for life.‖ [Bukhari, Muslim]
Ibn Abbas (ra) reported from the Prophet (s) who said, ―Had
there been two mountains of wealth for the son of Adam, he
would have sought a third one; and nothing but earth can fill up
the belly of the son of Adam.‖ [Bukhari, Muslim]
703
behind all his wealth for his heirs, which do not benefit
him in the life after death. Therefore, priorities should be
given to performing more righteous deeds over
accumulating worldly wealth.
704
103. Surah Al-„Asr (The Declining Day, Time through
the Ages; Eventide; The Epoch)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-„Asr In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
The simple translation for the word asr would be time. However
705
asr has a much deeper meaning than another Arabic word
meaning time, dahr. Dahr means time with no limits placed
upon it; asr on the other hand means time that is limited; time
that will come to an end. At a linguistic level one of the meanings
of asr is something that is pressed or squeezed. Lord Almighty is
swearing an oath by time, a time that is limited, a time that will
end and a time that must be squeezed or pressed so that we,
humankind, get as much from our limited time as possible.
The Arabic word for loss is khusr and it is the opposite of profit
thus also carrying the meaning of bankruptcy. In this context it
could mean that humankind will lose their main capital for the
Hereafter if instead of using this life to gain by faith and deeds
they bargain it away with disbelief and sin.
We are in danger of losing something very special, and that is a
blissful life in the Hereafter. However before that great loss we
will lose our closeness to Allah (swt) and thus our peace and
tranquility in this life. A loss of contentment can sometimes lead
humankind to act treacherously, and to run headlong into
trouble and strife.
If God had only revealed this surah it would have been sufficient
for the guidance of all humankind. It summarized the very
essence of the Qur‘anic message. Thus, Imam Shafi‘i asserts that
if onefollowed its counsel, it was enough for humankind to
achieve success in life. [Imam Shafi‟i: a jurist and
traditional scholar of Islam]
The Struggle of the human being is like the one who is trying to
sell ice. It is melting away and he needs to sell it quickly and
make as much sales before the end of the day comes. Otherwise -
all his valuables' and efforts will go to waste. [In the past - there
were no Freezers, so your ice would melt into water by the end of
the day.] [Mufti Muhammad Shafi]
708
104. Surah Al-Humazah (The One Who Slanders; The
Backbiter; The traducer; The Gossipmonger; The
slanderer; The Scorner)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-Humazah In Summarized
Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, يً ّ ة ٌىً ٌّ ة
"Woe to every scorner and mocker" [104:1]. The Surah has
9 yats in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
The Surah talks about some of the moral problems that affect the
wealthy and then it gives them warnings of the consequences of
these evils.
Period of Revelation
Surah Humazah tells how bad mankind can get into loss and this
709
is why some scholars state that there is no severer description
given of hell in the Qur‘an than the description given in this
Surah. Many severe and harsh descriptions of hell are mentioned
in this Surah, especially when Allah (swt) says about hell what
He has not said in other Surahs: ―Naarullah‖ ((the) Fire (of)
Allah!).
Human beings can never be perfect, as they are all full of positive
and negative characteristics. We must realize that whatever
talents or capabilities we might have are not going to make us
superior in the eyes of Lord Almighty, rather it is our attitude
and behaviour that makes us good or bad. All the blessings which
we have been given; whether physical beauty, intelligence,
knowledge, wealth or authority are nothing to be proud of,
because they are just temporary assets to be used for the pleasure
of Allah (swt). Therefore it is absolute foolishness to assume that
our superior status will save us from Almighty Allah‘s anger and
punishment.
Muhammad bin Ka`b said that "it (the Fire) will devour every
part of his body until it reaches his heart and comes to the level
of his throat, then it will return to his body." The "columns"
described in the final ayah are interpreted as columns of fire by
some authorities (e.g. As-Sudd), as in the translation above, but
as literal pillars of iron by some others (e.g. Al-Awfi). [Tafsir
Ibn Kathir]
The word Hamz means "to make evil gestures at others", and
Lamz means "to malign and slander someone". Humazah and
Lumazah are intensive forms, as is H~utamah mentioned later in
the Surah. Humazah means "someone who makes evil gestures
at others", while Lumazah means "one who finds faults in
others". Making evil gestures and slandering others are the two
aspects of the same character. The first relates to behavioural
expressions, and the second one pertains to verbal expressions.
Both are employed to degrade and ridicule others. At times, the
first can prove the sharper of the two, and perhaps this is the
reason for placing Humazah before Lumazah. [Tadabbur-i-
Qur'an]
It is for this reason that all his efforts and struggles are expended
in increasing his wealth through which he believes that his
lifespan will increase. He is not aware of the fact that miserliness
actually ruins lives and destroys homes whereas righteousness in
711
reality is what causes an increase in lifespan. [Tafsir As-Sa‟di]
712
105. Surah Al-Fil (The Elephant)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-Fil In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah has been taken from the last word of the
first ayah, "Have you not considered, [O Muhammad], how
your Lord dealt with the companions of the elephant?"
[105:1] The word "elephant" only appears in this Surah and
nowhere else in the Qur'an. The Surah has 5 ayats in 1 Ruku‘
(Section).
The Surah reminds about the event when the Ka‘bah was
attacked by an army from the Southern part of Arabia, but Lord
Almighty destroyed this army. It is the same God who protected
the Ka‘bah, His message is now presented by Prophet
Muhammad (s).
Period of Revelation
713
the Arabs believed that the Ka'bah was protected in this invasion,
not by any god or goddess, but by Allah Almighty Himself.
Then (on one occasion) a man from the Quraysh tribe of Makkah
came there and was infuriated by it, so he relieved his nature
(stools and urine) in it, soiled its walls and went away.
When Abrahah saw that, he could not control his anger and
raised an army to invade Makkah and demolish the Ka‘bah. He
had in that army thirteen elephants and amongst them was an
elephant called Mahmud which was the biggest of them. So that
army proceeded and none amongst the Arab tribes that faced
them (fought against them) but was killed and defeated, till it
approached near Makkah.
Then there took place negotiations between Abrahah and the
chief of Makkah (Abdul-Muttalib bin Hashim, the grandfather of
Prophet Muhammad), and it was concluded that Abrahah would
restore the camels of Abdul-Muttalib which he had taken away,
and then he (Abrahah) would decide himself as regards the
Ka‘bah.
Imam Malik in Mu'atta has related that Muhammad (s) said that
"the whole of Muzdalifah is a fit place for staying but one should
not stay in the valley of Muhassir". [Tafhimul Qur‟an and
Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
717
human intellect.
4. Those who plot against Allah (swt) never meet a good
ending.
718
106. Surah Quraish (Quraish)
Concise Tafseer Surah Quraish In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, "For the
accustomed security of the Quraysh." [106:1] The has 4 ayats
in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
This Surah was revealed during the very early stage at Makkah.
719
Yemenites. The Present Surah is now telling us about the
Quraish, who has been honoured by Allah (swt) as the custodians
and guardians of Ka‘bah. They have enjoyed special honour
among the tribes of Arabia and none had ever attacked them.
They set out trade on their trade journeys northward to Syria in
the summer and southward to Yemen in winter. These safe and
secure trade journeys brought posterity to them.
When Allah (swt) fulfilled the prayer of Ibrahim (a) and His last
messenger Prophet Muhammad (s) among them, the Quraish
rejected him and turned against him merely out of tribal
jealousy. They inflicted every sort of oppression, persecution,
torture and cruelty on the Prophet (s) and his followers and
ultimately turned them out of Makkah. The Prophet and the
believers sought asylum in Madinah, but even there the Quraish
did not leave them to live peacefully. They inflicted at least three
major wars (of Badr, Uhud, and of Ditch) on the Prophet (s). At
last the Prophet conquered the city of Makkah in 8 AH and thus
Quraish submitted to Islam after more than twenty years of
oppression.
721
This Surah is the dual counterpart of the previous Surah, ―Al-
Fil‖. In the previous Surah, it is pointed out that the Quraish are
living peacefully and securely in this land because of their
affiliation with the Baytullah. In the beginning of the Surah a
reference is made to the special affiliation of the Quraish with the
Baytullah and the holy Land of Makkah. Next, an indication is
made to the trade excursions they regularly undertook in winters
and summers, upon which depended their financial prosperity.
Their economic well-being heavily relied on these tours and
being the custodians of the Baytullah, success in these tours was
virtually guaranteed. Once ousted from this position they could
never achieve the privilege of being guided through these routes
unscathed, where danger openly lurked for all other tribes.
722
Lessons and Reflections
723
107. Surah Al-Ma'un (The Small Kindnesses;
Assistance; Almsgiving; Have You Seen; Neigbourly
Needs)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-Ma'un In Summarized Form
This Surah takes its name from the last ayah, ْ " يّٕعAnd
withholds assistance." [107:7]. This Surah has 7 ayats in 1
Ruku‘ (Section).
The Surah tells us that the true belief in God Almighty and the
Last Day create a kind and compassionate character.
Period of Revelation
Abdullah bin Mas‘ud (ra), Hasan Basri (ra) and Ikrimah say that
this Surah is Makki, while Abdullah bin Zubair (ra) says that it is
Madani. Two different views have been reported from Abdullah
bin Abbas (ra) and Qatadah, first that it is Makki, and second
that it is Madani.
724
hypocrites of Madani period. He also explains in Makki period it
was difficult for the believers to oblige to the command of
praying of Lord Almighty – so hypocrisy as little chance to take
shape in that period of social setting. He notes, ―This condition of
the hypocrites at Makkah has been described in ayats 10 to 11 of
Surah Al-Ankabut.‖
Those who contend that this is a Makki Surah, then this Surah‘s
ayats were sent due to one of the following people:
al‘As bin Wa‘il al-Sahmi, al-Walid bin al-Mughira al-Makhzumi
or ‗Amru bin ‗Aidh al-Makhzumi.
Others say that it was sent about Abu Sufiyan, before he accepted
725
Islam, because he used to repel the poor. Still others hold that it
was sent due to Abu Jahl because he was abusive to orphans.
If we follow the logic of Ibn ‗Abbas, that this Surah was sent in
both Makkah and Madinah, then it is probable that the first part
of this Surah is talking about one, some or all of the people
above, and the second half is talking about the hypocrites of
Madinah. Thus, this Surah is providing examples of those
personality traits that Muslims should avoid.
Importance of Salah
728
108. Surah Al-Kauthar (Abundance of a lot; A lot;
Abundance of Good; Plenty; The Abundance)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-Kauthar In Summarized
Form
The Surah gives good news and comfort that Allah‘s message will
prevail and the enemies of the truth will be the losers.
Period of Revelation
729
Then, with Bismillah ir-Rahman ir-Rahim, he recited Surah Al-
Kauthar; then he asked the people whether they knew what
Kauthar was. When they said that Allah and his Messenger had
the best knowledge, he said; It is a river which my Lord has
granted me in Paradise." (The details follow under "Kauthar").
The basis of the reasoning from this tradition for this Surah's
being Madani is that Anas (ra) belonged to Madinah and his
saying that this Surah was revealed in his presence is a proof that
it was Madani.
But, in the first place, from this same Anas (ra), Imam Ahmad,
Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Da'ud, Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarir have related
the traditions which say that this river of Paradise (Al-Kauthar)
had been shown to the Prophet Muhammad (s) on the occasion
of the miraj (ascension) and everyone knows that miraj had
taken place at Makkah before the hijrah.
Ayats (1 - 3): Almighty Allah has made the name of the Prophet
Muhammad (s) everlasting.
Narrated Anas bin Malik: One day the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) was sitting amongst us that he dozed off. He
then raised his head smilingly. We said: What makes you smile,
Messenger of Allah? He said: A Sura has just been revealed to
732
me, and then recited: In the name of Allah, the Compassionate,
the Merciful. Verily We have given thee Kauthar (fount of
abundance). Therefore, turn to thy Lord for prayer and offer
sacrifice, and surely thy enemy is cut off (from the good). Then
he (the Holy Prophet) said: Do you know what Kauthar is? We
said: Allah and His Messenger know best. The Holy Prophet
(may peace be upon him) said: It (Kauthar) is a canal which my
Lord, the Exalted and Glorious has promised me, and there is an
abundance of good in it. It is a cistern and my people would
come to it on the Day of Resurrection, and tumblers there would
be equal to the number of stars. A servant would be turned away
from (among the people gathered there). Upon this I would say:
‗Oh, my Lord! He is one of my community.‘ But it will be said to
him: ‗You know nothing of the innovations (in religion) that they
practiced after you.'‖ [Sahih Muslim Chapter No: 4,
Prayers (Kitab Al-Salat) Hadith no: 790]
Narrated Anas bin Malik: "The Prophet (s) said to the Ansar,
"After me you will see others given preference to you; so be
patient till you meet me, and your promised place (of meeting)
will be the Tank (i.e. Lake of Kauthar)." [Sahih Bukhari, Vol.
5, Book 58, Hadith 137]
734
109. Surah Al-Kafirun (The Disbelievers; The
Unbelievers)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-Kafirun In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
Abdullah bin Mas'ud (ra), Hasan Basri (ra) and Ikrimah, say that
this Surah is Makki, while Abdullah bin Zubair (ra) says that it is
Madani. Two different views have been reported from Abdullah
bin Abbas (ra) and Qatadah, first that it is Makki, and second
that it is Madani. However, according to the majority of
commentators, it is a Makki Surah, and its subject matter itself
points to its being a Makki revelation.
Yet another report says that Walid bin Mughirah, ‗As bin Wail,
Aswad bin al-Muttalib and Umayyah bin Khalf came to the
735
Prophet and said, ―O Muhammad! Let us agree that we would
worship your God and you would worship our gods, and we
would make you a partner in all our works. If what you have
brought was better than what we possess, we would be partners
in it with you, and have our share in it, and if what we possess is
better than what you have brought, you would be partner in it
with us and have your share of it.‖ At this Allah sent down: Qul
ya-ayyuhal-kafirun (Ibn Jarir, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Hisham
also has related this incident in the Sirah).
Narrated Anas bin Malik: " that the Messenger of Allah (s) said
to a man among his Companions: "Have you married O so-and-
so?" He said: "No by Allah O Messenger of Allah! And I do not
have anything to marry with." He said: "Do you not know: Qul
Huwa Allahu Ahad?" He said: "Of course." He said: "It is a third
of the Qur'an." He said: "Do you not know Idha Ja Nasrullahi
Wal-Fath?" He said: "Of course." He said: "It is a fourth of the
Qur'an." He said: "Do you not know Qul Ya Ayyuhal-Kafirun?"
He said: "Of course." He said: "It is a fourth of the Qur'an." He
737
said: "Do you not know Idha Zulzilat Al-Ard?" He said: "Of
course." He said: "It is a fourth of the Qur'an." He said: "Marry,
marry." [Jami at-Tirmidhi Vol. 5, Book 42, Hadith 2895]
Abu Huraira (ra) reported that the Messenger of Allah (s) recited
in the two (Sunnah) rak‘ahs of the dawn (prayer): ―Say: O
unbelievers,‖ (Quran, 109.) and ―Say: Allah is One‖ (Quran 112).
[Recorded in Muslim]
Ubayy ibn Ka‘b (ra) said: The Messenger of Allah (s) used to
recite in Witr, Sabbih isma rabbika al-‗a‘la‖ (―Glorify the name of
your Lord, the Most High‖ – Surat al-A‘la 87), Qul yaa ayyuha‘l-
kaafiroon (―Say: O disbeliever…‖ – Surat Al-Kafirun 109) and
Qul Huwa Allahu ahad (―Say: He is Allah, the One‖ – Surat Al-
Ikhlas 112). [Recorded in Saheeh al-Nasaa‟i]
739
firmest hand-hold, one that will never break. God is all
hearing and all knowing.‖ (2:256)
740
110. Surah An-Nasr (The Help; Divine Support)
Concise Tafseer Surah An-Nasr In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, "When the
victory of Allah has come and the conquest," [110:1] It is the
third-shortest Surah after Al-Asr and Al-Kawthar by number of
ayats. Surah Al-Ikhlas (112) actually has fewer words in Arabic
than Surah An-Nasr, yet it has four ayats.
The Surah speaks of the victory and help of Allah. The Surah
reminds about the attitude of the Believer in the situation of
success. One should be thankful to Allah and seek His
forgiveness for any shortcomings or mistakes.
Period of Revelation
Abdullah bin Abbas (ra) states that this is the last Surah of the
Qur‘an to be revealed, i.e. no complete Surah was sent down to
the Prophet (s) after it. (Muslim Nasai, Tabarani, Ibn Abi
Shaibah, Ibn Marduyah).
741
Messenger has the best knowledge. He said: This is Masharil-
Haram. Then he said: I do not know, I might not meet you here
again. Beware your bloods and your honours are forbidden, until
you appear before your Lord, and He questions you about your
deeds. Listen: let the one who is near convey it to him who is far
away. Listen: have I conveyed the message to you? Then, when
we returned to Madinah, the Prophet (s) passed away not many
days after that."
Ibn Abbas (ra) says that when this Surah was revealed, the Holy
Prophet said that he had been informed of his death and his time
had approached. (Musnad Ahmad, Ibn Jarir, Ibn al-Mundhir,
Ibn Marduyah). In the other traditions related from Abdullah bin
Abbas (ra), it has been stated that at the revelation of this Surah
the Prophet (s)understood that he had been informed of his
departure from the world.(Musnad Ahmad, Ibn Jarir, Tabarani,
Nasai, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Marduyah).
Mother of the Believers, Umm Habibah (rh), says that when this
Surah was revealed the Prophet (s) said that he would leave the
world that year. Hearing this Fatimah (rh) wept. Thereat he said:
"From among my family you will be the first to join me." Hearing
this she laughed. (Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Marduyah).
This Surah enjoins the Prophet (s) that when he gets ultimate
victory and religion of Allah prevails in Arabia and people start
entering this religion in multitudes (he should understand that
the time of his departure from the world has arrived), He should
then engage himself more in glorification of the praises of Allah
(swt) than ever before and ask Allah for forgiveness. So, after the
revelation of the Prophet began to labour so intensively and
devotedly for the Hereafter as he had done never before. Imam
Ahmad writes in his Musnad as follows:
Aisha (rh) said that Muhammad (s) used to repeat very
frequently, towards the end of his life, 'Exaltations and praises be
to God, whose forgiveness I ask; I repent of my sins.' He also
said, 'My Lord told me I would see a sign in my nation. He
ordered me to praise him, the Forgiving, and ask his pardon
when I see this sign. Indeed, I have. When the victory granted by
God and the conquest come ... (transmitted by Muslim) Over
1400 years ago, when Prophet Muhammad (s) had to leave
his hometown to migrate to Madinah with a small number of
followers, it must have seemed totally impossible that one day he
would enter Makkah as a Conqueror. But it did happen only
after seven years of migration. Due to this victory the whole
Arab accepted Islam.
1. The Surah directs the Prophet (s) and the Muslims to give
thanks and praise to Allah for the victory and other
achievements in life.
745
111. Surah Al-Lahab (The Flame)/ Al-Masad (The Palm
Fiber)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-Lahab In Summarized Form
This Surah gets its designation from the word, ―Lahab‖ which
occurs in its very first ayah. Its‘ another name, ―Al-Masad‖
appears as the last word of the last ayah ―ḥablun min masad‖
(meaning ―a rope of palm fibre‖) of the Surah. It mentions the
palm fibre rope that in hellfire shall be twisted around the neck
of the wife of Muhammad‘s (s) uncle, who bitterly opposed
Islam; for she took great pride in wearing an ostentatious
necklace she became known for and would slip by night to strew
thorns and prickly plants in Muhammad‘s path to injure his feet.
It has 3 ayats in Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
746
Together with his wife, Arwa bint Harb ibn Umayyah, Abu Lahab
was one of the most hostile opponents of Allah‘s Messenger (s)
and the ideas he propagated.
In Makkah, Abu Lahab was the next door neighbor of the Holy
Prophet. Their houses were separated by a wall. Besides him,
Hakam bin As (Father of Marwan), Uqbah bin Abi Muait, Adi bin
Hamra and Ibn al- Asda il-Hudhali also were his neighbours.
These people did not allow him to have peace even in his own
house. Sometimes when he was performing the Prayer, they
would place the goat's stomach on him; sometimes when food
was being cooked in the courtyard, they would throw filth at the
cooking pot. The Prophet (s) would come out and say: "O Bani
Abdi Manaf, what kind of neighbourliness is it?" Abu Lahab's
wife, Umm Jamil (Abu Sufyan's sister), had made it a practice to
cast thorns at his door in the night so that when he or his
children came out of the house at dawn, they should run thorns
in the foot. (Baihaqi, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Jarir, Ibn
Asakir, Ibn Hisham)
Abu Lahab was a stingy, materialistic man. Ibn Jarir has stated
that once in the pre-Islamic days he was accused of having stolen
747
two golden deer from the treasury of the Kabah. Though later the
deer were recovered from another person, the fact that he was
accused of stealing indicates the opinion the people of Makkah
held of him. About his riches Qadi Rashid bin Zubair writes in
his Adh-Dhakhair wat- Tuhaf: He was one of the four richest
men of the Quraish, who owned one qintar (about 260 oz) of
gold each. His love of wealth can be judged from the fact that
when on the occasion of the battle of Badr the fate of his religion
was going to be decided forever, and all the Quraish chiefs had
personally gone to fight, he sent Aas bin Hisham to fight on his
own behalf, telling him: This is in lieu of the debt of four
thousand dirhams that you owe to me. Thus, he contrived a plan
to realize his debt, for Aas had become bankrupt and there was
no hope of the recovery of the debt from him. (Tafhimul
Qur‟an)
This boycott continued for three years, so much so that the Bani
Hashim and the Bani Al- Muttalib began to starve. This,
however, did not move Abu Lahab. When a trade caravan came
to Makkah and a besieged person from Shi'b Abi Talib
approached it to buy some food, Abu Lahab shouted out to the
merchants to demand a forbidding price, telling them that he
would make up for any loss that they incurred. Thus, they would
demand exorbitant rates and the poor customer would return
empty handed to his starving children. Then Abu Lahab would
purchase the same articles from them at the market rates.
(Reported by Ibn S'ad, Ibn Hisham)
Narrated Ibn Abbas (ra): Abu Lahab said, "May you perish! Is it
for this that you have gathered us?" So there was revealed:
'Perish the hands of Abu Lahab'. [Sahih al-Bukhari Vol. 6,
Book 60, Hadith 497; Sahih al-Bukhari Vol. 2, Book 23,
Hadith 477]
Narrated Ibn Abbas (ra): When the ayah: 'And warn your tribe of
near-kindred (26:214), was revealed, the Prophet (Mohammed)
ascended the Safa (mountain) and started calling, "O Bani Fihr!
O Bani `Adi!" addressing various tribes of Quraish till they were
assembled. Those who could not come themselves, sent their
messengers to see what was there. Abu Lahab and other people
from Quraish came and the Prophet (s) then said, "Suppose I
told you that there is an (enemy) cavalry in the valley intending
to attack you, would you believe me?" They said, "Yes, for we
have not found you telling anything other than the truth." He
then said, "I am a warner to you in face of a terrific punishment."
Abu Lahab said (to the Prophet) "May your hands perish all this
day. Is it for this purpose you have gathered us?" Then it was
revealed:
"Perish the hands of Abu Lahab (one of the Prophet's uncles),
and perish he! His wealth and his children will not profit
him...." (111.1-5) [Sahih Bukhari Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith
293; Jami'at-Tirmidhi Vol. 6, Book 44, Hadith 3363;
Sahih Muslim Book 1, Hadith 416]
Rabiah bin Abbad ad- Dill related: "I was a young boy when I
accompanied my father to the face of Dhul-Majaz. There I saw
Muhammad who was exhorting the people, saying: 'O people,
say: there is no deity but God, you will attain success.' Following
behind him I saw a man, who was telling the people, `This fellow
is a liar: he has gone astray from his ancestral faith.' I asked; who
is he? The people replied: He is his uncle, Abu Lahab." [Musnad
Ahmad; Al-Bayhaqi; Abul A'la Maududi's Tafhimul
Qur‟an]
751
Narrated Sa'id bin Jubair (ra): "When Surah No.111 (Al-
Masad/Al-Lahab) was revealed, the wife of Abu Lahab came
looking out for the Prophet (s) while Abu Bakr (ra) was sitting
beside him. Abu Bakr said to the Prophet (s): 'I wish if you get
aside (or go away) as she is coming, to us, she may harm you'.
The Prophet said: 'There will be a screen set between me and
her'. So she did not see him (s). She said to Abu Bakr (ra): 'Your
companion is saying poetry against me.' Abu Bakr (ra) said: 'By
Allah he does not say poetry.' She said: 'Do you believe that'.
Then she left. Abu Bakr (ra) said, 'O Allah's Messenger! She did
not see you'. The Prophet (s) said: 'An angel was screening me
from her.'" [This Hadith is quoted in Masnad Abu ya'la].
It is said that if the ayah [(17:45) of The Qur‘an: Yusuf Ali: When
thou dost recite the Qur'an, We put, between thee and those who
believe not in the Hereafter, a veil invisible:] is recited by a real
believer (of Islamic Monotheism) he will be screened from a
disbeliever. (Allah knows best). [Tafsir Al-Qurtubi, Vol.10,
Page 269]
(And his wife too, who carries wood.) His wife was among the
leading women of the Quraysh and she was known as Umm
Jamil. Her name was `Arwah bint Harb bin Umayyah and she
was the sister of Abu Sufyan. She was supportive of her husband
in his disbelief, rejection and obstinacy. Therefore, she will be
helping to administer his punishment in the fire of Hell on the
Day of Judgement. Thus, Allah says,
(Who carries wood. In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad.)
meaning, she will carry the firewood and throw it upon her
husband to increase that which he is in (of torment), and she will
be ready and prepared to do so.
752
Allah . Al-Jawhari said, "Al-Masad refers to fibers, it is also a
rope made from fibers or palm leaves. It is also made from the
skins of camels or their furs. It is said (in Arabic) Masadtul-
Habla and Amsaduhu Masadan, when you tightly fasten its
twine.'' Mujahid said,
(In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad.) "This means a collar of
iron.'' Don't you see that the Arabs call a pulley cable a Masad
[Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
6. How grave must the actions of Abu Lahab have been for
Allah (swt) to reveal a whole Surah in his condemnation,
to be read by all until the Day of Judgment? May Allah
protect us from similar outcomes.
753
112. Surah Al-Ikhlas (The Fidelity; The Purity; The
Sincerity; One Third of the Qur‟an)/ Surah At-Tauhid
(Monotheism)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-Ikhlas In Summarized Form
Period of Revelation
754
gods have a form, shape and body and are married and have
children. They are need of food and drink, so their devotees
arrange food for them. Some of the Polytheists believe in Trinity
and Judaism believe in God who appeared in the form of a man
named Ezra, wrestled with one of his servant and had a son.
The first ayah says, ―He is Allah, the One.‖ This ayah proves that
God is One and He is Allah. There is no other God beside Him.
He has absolutely no partner In any form in this sovereignty, in
His dominion, in His worship or in His attributes.
The second ayah says that Allah is ―as-Samad‖. The term as-
Samad has occurred in the Qur‘an only once and is applied to
Allah alone. Different meanings have been given to the word,
―Samad‖ by the Prophet‘s (s) companions, the commentators and
sholars. According to Ali (ra), Samad is he who has no superior.
According to Abu Hurairah (ra), Samad is he who is independent
of all, while all others are dependent on him. According to Ibn
Jubair, the word means - He who is perfect in all his attributes
and works. In the opinion of Ibn Hayyan, Samad is one who is
faultless. In the opinion of Hasan Basri, Samad is who is ever
living and immortal. According to Muhammad Asad, it
comprises the concepts of Primary Cause and eternal,
independent Being, combined with the idea that everything
existing or conceivable goes back to Him as its source and is,
therefore, dependent on Him for its beginning as well as for its
continued existence.
The third ayah says that He begets not, nor as He begotten. This
ayah rules out the possibility of Allah (swt) having children or
parents. Thus ayah refutes the Jewsih idea of Ezra being son of
God, Christian Doctrine of Jesus as son of God and polytheists‘
concept of angels being daughter of God.
The fourth and the last ayah says, ―There is none equal (or
comparable) unto Him.‖ The word Kufu, which occurs in this
ayah, signifies a similar thing, an equal in rank and position, one
who resembles, one who is a match. Thus the ayah means that
there is no one in the whole of the samawat, nor even was, nor
755
ever can be, who is similar or equal to Allah (swt).
Narrated 'Aisha (rh): The Prophet (s) sent (an army unit) under
the command of a man who used to lead his companions in the
prayers and would finish his recitation with (the Sura 112): 'Say
(O Muhammad): "He is Allah, the One." ' (112.1) When they
returned (from the battle), they mentioned that to the Prophet.
He said (to them), "Ask him why he does so." They asked him
and he said, "I do so because it mentions the qualities of the
Beneficent and I love to recite it (in my prayer)." The Prophet;
said (to them), "Tell him that Allah loves him". [Sahih
Bukhari, Book 93: ONENESS, UNIQUENESS OF ALLAH
(TAWHEED) Volume 9, Number 472]
Narrated Anas bin Malik: " that the Messenger of Allah ()ﷺ
said to a man among his Companions: "Have you married O so-
and-so?" He said: "No by Allah O Messenger of Allah! And I do
not have anything to marry with." He said: "Do you not know:
Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad?" He said: "Of course." He said: "It is a
third of the Qur'an." He said: "Do you not know Idha Ja
Nasrullahi Wal-Fath?" He said: "Of course." He said: "It is a
fourth of the Qur'an." He said: "Do you not know Qul Ya
Ayyuhal-Kafirun?" He said: "Of course."
He said: "It is a fourth of the Qur'an." He said: "Do you not know
Idha Zulzilat Al-Ard?" He said: "Of course." He said: "It is a
fourth of the Qur'an." He said: "Marry, marry." [Jami at-
Tirmidhi Vol. 5, Book 42, Hadith 2895]
757
rub, starting with his head, face and front of his body. He used to
do that three times." [Sahih al-Bukhari Vol. 6, Book 61,
Hadith 536]
Anas said: "One of the Ansar used to lead the Ansar in Salat in
the Quba' masjid and it was his habit to recite Qul Huwal-lahu
Ahad whenever he wanted to recite something in Salat. When he
finished that Surah, he would recite another one with it. He
followed the same procedure in each Rak'a. His companions
discussed this with him and said, "You recite this Surah and do
not consider it sufficient and then you recite another. So would
you recite it alone or leave it and recite some other." He said, "I
will never leave it and if you want me to be your Imam on this
condition then it is all right; otherwise I will leave you."
They knew that he was the best amongst them and they did not
like someone else to lead them in Salat. When the Prophet (s)
went to them as usual, they informed him about it. The Prophet
(s) addressed him and said, "O so-and-so, what forbids you from
doing what your companions ask you to do?
Why do you read this Surah particularly in every Rak‘a?" He
repiled, "I love this Surah." The Prophet (s) said, "Your love for
this Surah will make you enter Paradise." [Sahih al-Bukhari
Vol. 1, Book 11, Hadith 741]
‗Uqbah ibn ‗Aamir (ra) said: ―I met the Messenger of Allah (s)…
and he said to me, ‗O ‗Uqbah ibn ‗Aamir, shall I not teach you
some Surahs the like of which have not been revealed in the
Tawraat (Torah) or the Zaaboor (Psalms) or the Injeel (Gospel)
758
or in the Qur‘an? There is no night comes but you should not
recite (i.e., every night you should recite) Qul huwa Allaahu ahad
[Surat al-Ikhlaas], Qul a‘oodhu bi Rabbi‘l-falaq [Surat al-Falaq]
and Qul a‘oodhu bi Rabbi‘l-naas [Surat al-Naas].‘‖ ‗Uqbah said:
―So every night I would recite them. It became my duty to recite
them, because the Messenger of Allah (s) had commanded me to
do so…‖ [Musnad Ahmad, 16810]
759
113. Surah Al-Falaq (Early Bright; The Daybreak; The
Dawn; Sunrise)
Concise Tafseer Surah Al-Falaq In Summarized Form
The name of the Surah appears in the first ayah, "Say, "I seek
refuge in the Lord of daybreak" [113:1]. It has 5 yats in 1 Ruku‘
(Section).
This Surah and the 114th (and last) Surah in the Qur'an, An-Nas,
are collectively referred to as al-Mu'awwidhatayn "the Refuges",
as both begin "I seek refuge". Surah An-Nas tells, ―to seek God
refuge from the evil from within‖, while al-Falaq tells, ―to seek
God refuge from the evil from outside‖, so reading both of them
would protect a person from his own mischief and the mischief
of others.
This one together with the Surahs 112, 113, and 114 are known as
the ‗three quls‘. From the traditions of Prophet Muhammad (s),
we know that there are many authentic sayings that recommend
reciting these three Surahs to seek God‘s protection throughout
the day or the night.
Period of Revelation
According to Hasan Basri (ra), 'Ikrimah, 'Ata' and Jabir bin Zaid
these Surahs are Makki. Ibn S'ad, Imam Baihaqi, 'Abd bin
760
Humaid and others are of the opinion that these Surahs were
revealed in A.H. 7, when the Jews had worked magic on the
Prophet (upon whom be peace) in Madinah and he had fallen ill
under its effect. On the other hand, it is Madani according to
'Abdullah bin Zubair (ra) and Qatadah. One of the traditions
which strengthens this second view is the Hadith which Muslim,
Tirmidhi, Nasa'i and Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal have related on
the authority of Hadrat 'Uqbah bin 'Amir.
The subject matter of Surah Falaq and the last one of the Qur‘an
is explicit that they were sent down at Makkah when, for the first
time, opposition to the Prophet (s) had grown very intense.
Later, when at Madinah storms of opposition were raised by the
hypocrites, Jews and polytheists, the Prophet (s) was instructed
to recite these very Surahs, as in the tradition from Uqbah bin
Amir (ra). After this, when magic was worked on him and his
illness grew intense, Gabriel came and instructed him by Allah's
command to recite these very Surahs. Therefore, the view held by
the commentators who describe both these Surahs as Makki is
more reliable.
This Surah and the following Surah An-Nas are known as Al-
Mu‘awwidhatayn (Arabic: ٓ)اٌّع تي, the two prayers or cries for
refuge and protection of Allah (swt) against evil of nature as well
as evils worked by men and Shaitan. These Surahs provide
antidote to magic, charms, jealousies, envies, anger, darkness,
evils of outer nature, and evil plots and envies of other person.
All the five ayats of the Surah enjoin the Prophet (s), and through
Prophet all the believers, to seek refuge with Allah, the of Lord of
Daybreak, from the evil of the things which He has created, and
for the evil of intense darkness of night when it spreads, and
form the evil of those (men and women) who blow in the knots (a
witch-craft commonly practiced by the Arabs of those days); and
from the evil of an envier (a jealous person) when he envies.
Let‘s look at some of the words and terms used in the ayats of the
762
Surah. The word, ―Falaq: ‖ف ٍكmeans to split or cleave or to
pierce through. The daybreak is known to cleave through the
darkness of night. It also signifies the plain appearance of truth
from the darkness of falsehood and ignorance. Allah (swt) is the
Lord of the daybreak as He brings out the light of dawn after
splitting the darkness of night. The word, ―sharr : ‖ شرmeans
evil. Affliction, loss, injury, trouble, hardship, hunger, disease,
fear, war, etc. are all evils. The word, ―ghasiq : ‖ ا سكis derived
from Ghasaq ( ) سكwhich means intense darkness. Most of the
crimes and acts of wickedness are committed in the darkness of
night. Raiders, plunderers, robbers, thieves, assassins appear
usually in the night to kill, rob and assault the people. Therefore,
refuge is sought from the darjness of night.
Abu Jahl knew in his heart that Muhammad (s) was a messenger
of Almighty Lord and had brpught the Truth, but he did not
believe in him simply out of envy. He is reported to have
remarked, ―We have always competed with (Prophet‘s tribe) Abdi
Manat in hospitality – in providing to the people and in giving
donations. But they now say that they have a prophet. How we
can compete with them in this field. By God, we will never
believe in him.‖
Ayats (1 - 5): Seek refuge with Allah (swt) from all evils.
766
4. Seek refuge in the Exalted One from the evil of the
sorcerers: There are many forms of witchcraft throughout
the world and it almost always includes a belief that some
people can influence others by certain rites, formulas or
actions. Lord Almighty mentions this as the next great
source of evil. It includes all forms of witchcraft and
sorcery whereby they are deceived into acting or thinking
in an unnatural way. Before closing the Surah Allah (swt)
refers to a form of witchcraft carried out by the women of
Arabia at the time, tying knots in cords and blowing on
them to cast spells.
767
114. Surah An-Nas (Mankind; People; Humans, Men
and Women)
Concise Tafseer Surah An-Nas In Summarized Form
The Surah takes its name from the word, ― ‖إٌاسwhich means
―people; mankind‖ that recurs through out it. Together with
Surah Al-Falaq it is also known as Al-Mu‘awwidhatayn. These
Surahs have roughly the same theme, so they form a pair
naturally. The Surah has 6 ayats in 1 Ruku‘ (Section).
Period of Revelation
This is an early Makki Surah. This Surah along with the previous
one, were revealed at the same time. The subject matter of Surah
Falaq and the last one of the Qur‘an is explicit that they were sent
down at Makkah when, for the first time, opposition to the
Prophet (s) had grown very intense. Later, when at Madinah
storms of opposition were raised by the hypocrites, Jews and
polytheists, the Prophet (s) was instructed to recite these very
Surahs, as in the tradition from Uqbah bin Amir (ra). After this,
when magic was worked on him and his illness grew intense,
Gabriel came and instructed him by Allah's command to recite
these very Surahs. Therefore, the view held by the commentators
who describe both these Surahs as Makki is more reliable.
768
means mankind or people, the plural of ―insaan‖ (ْ) ٔ سا. One of
the root words of the word naas is nasiya( )ٔس- to be forgetful.
One of the inherent traits of people is to be forgetful; thus this
powerful and rhythmic Surah is a reminder to those of us who
forget that Lord Almighty is our only refuge.
It has been reported from Abu Sa'id (ra) that: Muhammad (s)
used to seek protection from the evil eyes of the jinn and
mankind. But when the Muawwidhatayn were revealed, he used
them (for protection) and abandoned all else besides them. At-
Tirmidhi, An-Nisai and ibn Majah recorded this. [Tafsir Ibn
Kathir]
The Prophet (s) also said: ―Verily, Satan runs in the Son of Adam
(i.e. man) like the running of the blood.‖ [Narrated by Al-
Bukhari, Muslim]
771