Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview
As we are aware of the advancement in technology related to forests security and
the development of SMART cities across the country , we thus present a smart
forest monitoring system to overcome the drawbacks of normal forest monitoring
system.
Poaching is not related to India only, China, Australia and African countries are
also struggling with same issue. We are familiar with the modernization of Smart
cities. Thus, with the help of this project we are going to build up a Smart Forest
system.
Nowadays there are many incidents about smuggling of trees like Sandal, Sagwan
etc. These trees are very costly and meagre. They are used in the medical sciences,
cosmetics. To restrict their smuggling and to save forests around the globe some
preventive measures needs to be deployed. We have developed a system which
can be used to restrict smuggling. The design system uses three sensors tilt
sensor(to detect the inclination of tree when its being cut),temperature sensor(to
detect forest fires),sound sensor(for effective detection of illegal logging i.e. even
the sounds generated while axing the tree are also sensed).Data generated from
these sensors is continuously monitored with the aid of Adafruit App. With
respect to the sensors, their output devices are activated through relay switch. For
tilt sensor and sound sensor a buzzer is activated and for temperature sensor a
water pump is activated. Generated data is stored in Adafruit Server over the GSM
module. Forest officials are notified when any event occurs so that appropriate
action can be taken.
In recent years poaching incidents has been massively increased encompass
slaughtering of endangered species in Tanzania and Africa in totality. Different
initiatives has been taken world widely including establishment of International
Anti-Poaching foundation (IAPF). Tanzania in particular has taken several
initiatives on the matter at different time including sending her own military army
across the borders of National parks as an attempt to eradicate poaching activities.
However poachers are still continue to put a bullet on the heads of these species of
monumental importance. The main idea presented in this paper involve employing
a modern and a sophisticated technology in which poachers will be left behind and
being netted easily there by eliminating Poaching activities. The idea utilize
animals themselves with sensors as mobile biological sensors (MBS) mounted
with sensor fusion (having visual, infrared camera and GPS) that transmits the
location of MBS, access points for wireless communication and a central
computer system which classifies animal actions.

1.1.1 A Sensor Based Anti-Poaching System:

The system propose three different action of responses, firstly: access points
continuously receive data about animals’ location using GPS at certain time intervals
and the gathered data is then classified and checked to see if there is a sudden
movement (panic) of the animal groups: this action is called animal behavior

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

classification (ABC). The second action can be called visualization where by different
image processing techniques of the obtained images surrounding an animal group are
performed and therefore provide an ample assistance in understanding what makes
sudden movement of the animal group. The last action is to send messages to the
game ranger’s cellular phones about the panic of animals and the location through
GSM network

Figure 1.1.1 : Poaching prevention system infrastructure

1.1.2 IOT based moisture monitoring System

This project is used to know the moisture level of the soil from a remote place.
For this, the system uses GSM modem interfaced to the microcontroller as a
gateway. If the soil is very much dry, the system sends the information to the
cloud platform at the data centre over the internet (via the GSM modem) and
will also warn the user to water the soil. On the other hand, if the soil is having
enough moisture, it informs the same.

Fig 1.1.2 : Example of an IOT based monitoring system

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

1.1.3 Temperature and humidity monitoring with IOT:

Using the Internet of Things in homes and industries it is possible to control any
electrical or electronic equipment. Moreover, you can get the information from
any sensor and analyse it graphically or in any user-defined format from anywhere
in the world. The IOT using Arduino microcontroller unit (MCU) is easy and fun
for those who are new to the field. Presented here is a humidity and temperature
monitoring using Arduino.

In this article, humidity and temperature information from DHT-11 sensor is

analysed graphically on ThingSpeak platform using NODE MCU and ESP8266
Wi-Fi module. Block diagram of the whole setup is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.1.3 : Block diagram of humidity and temperature monitoring using Arduino with
ESP8266

1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Narasimha Prasad[5] to present improved forest fire recognition through the

real time processing using land surface temperature satellite imagery.
The objective of this real time processing of satellite images is to observe the
abnormal raise in temperature distribution for the identification of forest fires.
The input for this application is a land surface temperature image with noise or
without noise.
2. N. Vasyukov[1] designed to implement the forest fire early recognize system
based on the image analysis algorithm.described a principle of development of
some forest image analysis algorithms proposed for implementation in forest
fire early detection systems.
3. Endangered red sandalwood seized from smugglers in Berhampur[2].
4. The Times of India, Ahmadabad. Plan to curb interstate smuggling of forest
woods.
5. 200 teak trees cut, timber smuggled in Lucknow[3].

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

6. Punjab News line Network (18th December 2010)-The situation has gone
quite worse as timber and lakhs or Rupees are criminally being sold right
under the nose of department.

1.3 Existing System

According to a journal published in IJARCET[4] Anti-Smuggling of trees was

designed using flex sensors and Zig Bee.

1.4 Disadvantages of Existing system :

1-Wireless Communication in this system used Zig Bee Module which is very slow
and has lesser range than Wi-Fi Module which is used in Proposed System.
2- Flex Sensors are merely sensors but tilt sensors are inclinometers (which are used
to measure slope or elevation and readouts apart from just signals).
3-The existing system is not practically implemented.

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM DEFINITION

For many days we are reading in the newspapers about smuggling of the tress. These
trees are very costly. These are mostly useful in the medical sciences as well as
cosmetics. Because of huge amount of money involved in selling of such tree woods
and lots of incidents are happening of cutting of tree and their smuggling. This
problem isn’t related to India only, in China, Australia and African countries are also
struggling with same issues. Putting cost in mind, Indian sandalwood costs 12000 to
13000 INR per kg whereas in international market Red Sandalwood commands a high
price. The Indian sandalwood tree has become endangered in recent years, and in an
attempt to curb its possible extinction the Indian government is trying to limit the
exportation of
For an individual, maximum permissible purchase limit is not to exceed 5kg as per
Government regulation[7]. The tree is already government controlled, and removal is
prohibited whether on private or temple grounds until the tree is thirty years old.So
with the help of this project we will overcome the problems faced by forest
authorities.

2.1 Project Objectives:

The design system uses four types of sensors namely, tilt sensor (to detect the
inclination of tree when its being cut), temperature sensor (to detect temperature),
fire sensor (to detect forest fire) and moisture sensor(for effective detection of
moisture of the soil).Data generated from these sensors is continuously monitored
with the aid of Adafruit App. With respect to the sensors, their output devices are
activated through relay switch.
Following are the Project objectives :

1. We will assemble the hardware components together on our kit(NODE-MCU) to

make them available for software linking.
2. For temperature sensor a message would be sent over GSM that would sense
and give the temperature details of the trees.
3. For checking the moisture of the soil, the moisture sensor will sense and give us
information to our system.
4. For preventing Forest fires, a fire sensor is used which will sense fire. On the
other hand the temperature sensor will detect the temperature of the forests
continuously. In case the temperature increases drastically over the nominal
value, the fire sensor will inform us about the forest fire via message on our
registered cell phone. Further with the help of relay switches, water pump will
get activated.

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

5. When the device gets powered and is in its normal upright position, then the
rolling ball settles at the bottom of the sensor to form an electrical conduction
between the two end terminals of the sensor.If the circuit gets tilted so that the
rolling ball doesn’t settles at the bottom of the sensor with electrical conduction
path then the circuit becomes open.

Following are the aims of this project :

 Currently there is no system or any medium to detect illegal logging and
cutting of trees. A mean by which, the forest officials know what’s happening
with trees should be installed.
 Putting this problem in mind, we are designing a system which help us to
achieve our goal i.e. TO PROTECT NATURE.
 The main idea is to design a portable wireless sensor node which will be a part
of a Wireless Sensor Network. This system will consist of two modules one
involving sensors and controller module which will be at tree spot and another
one is Android phone[8].
 The Adafruit –IO application will continuously receive sensor data. This is an
IOT based project where the sensor data is continuously uploaded to cloud
(Adafruit server) over a Wi-Fi module. In case of tilt sensor and the buzzer
turns on when tree bends and for temperature sensor water pump is turned on
in case of forest fire through relay switch.

2.2 Proposed Methodology:

2.2.1 IOT anti-poaching system block diagram:

Tilt
Sensor

Web Page
Monitoring

Fig 2.2.1 : Block Diagram of Anti Poaching Alarm System

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

Following is the explaination of each block :

a. Temperature Sensor
It is a device which is designed specifically to measure the hotness or coldness of an
object or in an environment. Temperature sensor used in our project is LM35.It’s is a
precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in
°C).with LM35, the temperature can be measured more accurately than with a
thermistor.

b. Fire Sensor
A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame
or fire. When fire burns it emits a small amount of Infra-red light, this light will be
received by the Photodiode (IR receiver) on the sensor module. Then we use an Op-
Amp to check for change in voltage across the IR Receiver, so that if a fire is detected
the output pin (DO) will give 0V(LOW) and if the is no fire the output pin will be
5V(HIGH).

c. Tilt Sensor

Tilt sensors are used to measure angle within a limited range of motion. Tilt sensors
are called as inclinometers because the sensors just produce a signal but
inclinometers produce both readout and a signal. These devices produce an electrical
signal that varies with an angular movement.

d. NODE-MICRO CONTROLLER UNIT :

NODE-MICRO CONTROLLER UNIT (MCU) is an open-source hardware and
software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures single-
board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and
interactive objects that can sense and control both physically and digitally. Its
products are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the
GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards
and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in
preassembled form or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.

NODE-MCU board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The

boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be
interfaced to various expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The
boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus
(USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal
computers. The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features
from the programming languages C and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment

(IDE) based on the Processing language project.

Fig2.2.2 : Structure of Node-MCU

The NODE-MCU board exposes most of the microcontroller's I/O pins for use by
other circuits. As Arduino.cc began developing new MCU boards based on non-AVR
processors like the ARM/SAM MCU and used in the Arduino Due, they needed to
modify the Arduino IDE so that it would be relatively easy to change the IDE to
support alternate tool chains to allow Arduino C/C++ to be compiled for these new
processors. They did this with the introduction of the Board Manager and the SAM
Core. A "core" is the collection of software components required by the Board
Manager and the Arduino IDE to compile an Arduino C/C++ source file for the target
MCU's machine language. Some ESP8266 enthusiasts developed an Arduino core for
the ESP8266 WiFiSOC, popularly called the "ESP8266 Core for the Arduino IDE".
This has become a leading software development platform for the various ESP8266-
based modules and development boards, including Node MCUs.

2.2.3 Software

a. Integrated Development Environment

The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code
structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project,
which provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only
requires two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that
are compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic
executive program with the GNU tool chain also included with the IDE distribution.
The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a
text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Node-MCU board by a loader
program in the board's firmware.

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

Fig 2.2.3 : Command Window of Arduino IDE

b. Internet of Things:

The Internet of Things is a novel paradigm shift in IT arena. The phrase “Internet of
Things” which is also shortly well-known as IOT is coined from the two words i.e.
the first word is “Internet” and the second word is “Things”. The Internet is a global
system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol
suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that
consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks,
of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and
optical networking technologies . Today more than 100 countries are linked into
exchanges of data, news and opinions through Internet.

c. IOT Monitoring System

The Internet of Things will bring great benefits to the manufacturing industry, and the
use of sensors will greatly improve the quality and speed of the production process.
Just think about the possibility of smart production systems with the power to make
data-informed decisions and take corrective actions to avoid damaging components
they are building or even the systems themselves.

There are several scenarios where there is the need to monitor a process and send an
alert every time a problem occurs during this process. Monitoring systems and sensors
will help with solving these problems, and that’s exactly what I plan to talk about
here. This article assumes some familiarity with NODE MCU hardware and modules.

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

For instance, we may want to monitor the alignment of some component during a
manufacturing process. Moreover, let’s say the IOT system we are building must be
able to detect the acceleration or deceleration of this component. These aspects have a
great importance in the overall process quality. A scenario where we can apply this
monitoring system might include a component that moves from one machine to
another during the production process. In this context, we are interested in monitoring
its position—or even better, its alignment—and the forces acting on it.

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CHAPTER 3

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Hardware Requirements

Following are the hardware requirements for this project that need to be enlisted
below.

Table (3.1) List of Hardware requirements

S.No. Component name Specification

1. NODE MCU DEV kit 1.0

2. Wi-fi module ESP8266

4. Single copper wires 5 Metres

5. Fire sensor

6 9V battery Lead acid

7 Moisture sensor

8 capacitors 100uF -2

9 Lm7805 IC 2

10 Bulb 100 watt-4

11 Temperature sensor LM 35

12 GSM Sim900A

13 Jumper wires 20

14 PCB 1 plate

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

3.2 Software Requirements

Following are the software requirements for this project that need to be enlisted
below.

Table(3.2) List of Software requirements

S.No Component name Specification

1. Arduino IDE 1.6

2. Operating System Windows 7/10

4. RAM 2 GB minimum

5. Memory 20 GB hard disk

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

CHAPTER- 4

Advantages / Limitations/ Applications

4.1 Advantages:
 Easy monitoring of the trees physical conditions
 Easy to access the web page with private and secured login password
 In case of forest fires, when the temperature of the surroundings
increases its sensed by the temperature sensor, through the relay switch
the water pump is turned on when the temperature goes down below the
set value the water pump stops functioning.

4.2 Limitations / Disadvantages:

 This complete system is powered by simple li-ion battery which needs to be

changed after the certain amount of time.
 Precised reading of the tilt sensor is required for tilting measurement of the
Trees.

4.3 Applications:

 Such system would help in detecting and alerting so that proper actions could
be taken regarding the poaching activities.

 Putting this problem in mind, we are designing a system which help us to

achieve our goal i.e. TO PROTECT NATURE.

4.4 Estimated cost of Project = Rs. 10000

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

Future and Scope

This project presents the use of trees as Mobile Biological Sensor (MBS), and
therefore it can be applied to any species in danger at a particular time. However the
system doesn’t come to replace the current anti-poaching initiatives but rather to
combine the effort in order to get rid of poaching instance. This system could prevent
potentially serious Poaching activities occurring in different parts of India particularly
in Arunachal Pradesh. It is the hope of us that if Indian forests employ this technology
to the current worse situation of poaching activities will be of tremendous
advantageous to our country as it is reliable and will reduce the economic burden of
investing too much on anti-poaching. As the system has not yet actually implemented,
some additional unforeseen disadvantages may occur.
However the advantages suggest that it could be implemented with tremendous
success and ecological benefits.
To improve the system in future we suggest that new wireless technology can be
applied. Also the use of innovative computer vision technology will improve the
system capability to detect poachers positions in real time. Lastly new sensors with
improved capacity and robustness can be applied to the system.
Deforestation can happen quickly until we stop tree smuggling in our forest area we
want to increase our security area.It can also happen gradually as result of ongoing
forest degradation as temperature rise due to climate change cause by human activity.

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

Conclusion

This project presents design, development and prototype of wireless sensor network
for forest monitoring. This proposed system comprises of two modules namely the
sensor and the sink module. Here we show the deployment of multi-sensors needed to
cover the forest area. In addition to alerting of forest officials during forest fire
accidents and trees monitoring, this system may also be implemented in wildlife
sanctuaries and zoos. It mainly targets plants health monitoring, alerting the forest
officials during forest fire hazards, smuggling of valuable trees and poaching of
species. Therefore it is noticed that the life of important flora and fauna are threatened
today due to poaching, and therefore if affirmative actions are not enforced, the loss
of certain species which will lead to dramatic ecological imbalance will occur. This
project aims at presenting an alternative way to fight Poaching using sophisticated
technology which seems to be effective and cost-effective to employ and use it. This
project presents a low power consuming, less complex and an economic solution to
the existing problem.

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 Anti Poaching Alarm System for Trees

References:

1. V.N. VasyukovandA.Yu. Zaitseva, “Image Analysis Algorithms for Forest Fire

Monitoring Systems”, 12th International conference on APEIE, 2014, pp.327-
331.IEEE.

2.http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/200-teak-trees-cut-timber-
smuggled/articleshow/16804707.cms

3.http://ibnlive.in.com/news/endangered-red-sandalwood-seized-from-smugglers-in-
berhampur/480595-3-234.html.

4. Narhari R. Kotkar, “Anti Smuggling System for Trees in Forest using Flex Sensor,
“Zigbee” IJARCET, September 2014.

5. Narasimha Prasad, Rajkumar GatadiBandi and BuddiPadmaja, “Monitoring and

Extracting Abnormalities in Land Surface Temperature Images for Automatic
Identification of Forest Fires”, Modelling Symposium-European, 2013, pp.215-
219.IEEE.

6. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, Conference

paper, 2018, IOT based anti poaching alarm system for trees in forests using wireless
sensor networks.

7. Tamil Nadu Sandalwood Possession Rules, 1970(G.O Ms No.:1331, Agriculture,

30th April 1970).

8. Prof P.G Salunkhe , Poonam U. Chaudhari “Design of WSN Node for Protection
of Forest Trees against Poaching Based MSP430” , International Conference On
Advances in Communication and computing Technology,2018,IEEE.

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