MAPEH 
Reviewer 
 
 
 
 
 
Samantha Yzabel 
Music 
Medieval Period (700-1400)
- Also known as Middle Ages or “Dark Ages”
- Started with the fall of the Roman Empire and
music was mostly influenced by the Catholic Church.
- There are sacred (approved by the church) and
secular music

Monophonic Plainchant 
➢ named after Pope Gregory 1 = Gregorian Chant
➢ was made the approved music of the Catholic
Church
➢ Characteristics:
● Monophonic
● Free meter
● Modal
● Based on Latin Liturgy
● Use of Neume Notation
Troubadour Music 
➢ Characteristics:
● Usually monophonic
● Sometimes with improvised accompaniment
● Tells of chivalry and courtly love
● Originated in France
● Written in the French language
 
Adam de La Halle (France; 1237-1288) 
❖ Adam le Bossu or Adam the Hunchback
❖ son of a well – known citizen of Arras, Henri de la
Halle
❖ one of the oldest secular composers whose literary
and musical works include chansons and poetic debates
❖ trouvére, poet and musician
❖ Le Jeu de Robin et Marion​ (The Play of Robin and
Marion)​ was considered the earliest surviving secular
French play with music
Renaissance Period (1400-1600)
- “​Renaissance​” from “​renaitre​” = “​rebirth​” or
“​revival​” or “​rediscovery​”
- A period of looking back to the​ Golden Age of Greece
and Rome
- Invention of printing (ehem printing press
ehem Johannes Gutenberg)
- Lute ​is the prominent instrument
- Secular music became more prominent
and sacred got old but was still of great
importance
- Golden age of ​A capella​ choral music
- Characteristics:
● Mostly polyphonic
● Imitation among the voices is common
● Use of word painting in texts and music
● Melodic lines move in a flowing manner
● Melodies are easier to perform because these move along a
scale with a few large leaps
Vocal Music of the 
Renaissance Period 
Mass 
➢ is a form of sacred musical composition that sets
texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music.
➢ Characteristics:
● Polyphonic
● May be sung a cappella or with orchestral accompaniment
● Text may be syllabic (one note set to each syllable), neumatic (a
few notes set to one syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one
syllable)

Five Sections of the Mass: 

1) Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy)  
2) Gloria (Glory to God in the Highest) 
3)Credo (I Believe in One God)  
4) Sanctus and Benedictus (Holy, holy and 
Blessed Is He)  
5) Agnus Dei (Lamb of God)  

Madrigal 
➢ Originated from Italy; secular vocal & polyphonic
 ➢ written and expressed in a poetic text
➢ sung during courtly social gatherings
➢ most important secular form during the
Renaissance period
➢ Characteristics:
● Polyphonic
● Sung a cappella
● Through–composed
● Frequently in 3 to 6 voices

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (Rome; 

1525-Feb 2, 1594) 
❖ the greatest master of Roman
Catholic Church music during the
Renaissance period
❖ Mostly composed sacred music
❖ Missa Papae Marcelli​ (Pope
Marcellus Mass)​ held up as the perfect
example of counter - reformation style
 
 
Thomas Morley (1557 - 1602) 
❖ born in Norwich, East England
❖ Son of a brewer
❖ was a singer in the local cathedral from his boyhood
❖ became master of choristers there in 1583
❖ most famous composer of secular music in his time
❖ was believed to have studied
music with William Byrd, an
Elizabethan composer of sacred
music
❖ Most of his madrigals are light
and easy to sing with some aspects
of Italian style
❖ Works:
● Fire, Fire, My Heart
● Sing and Chant It
● Fantasie
● April Is In My Mistress’ Face
● It Was A Lover and His Lass
 
Baroque Period (1685-1750)
- “​Baroque​” from Portuguese “​barocco”​ = “​pearl of
irregular shape​”
- the arts highlighted grandiose and elaborate
ornamentation
- Major and minor tonality was created
- Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental
- Melodies are ​not easy to sing or remember
- Primarily contrapuntal textures with some
homophony
- Dynamic contrast​ – alternation between loud and
soft
- Orchestra consists of ​strings​ and ​continuo
- Violin, harpsichord​ and ​organ​ are the instruments
commonly used
- New forms:
binary – AB
ternary – ABC
Concerto 
➢ A form of orchestral music that employs a solo
instrument accompanied by an orchestra.

Concerto Grosso 
➢ A form of orchestral music during the Baroque
Period wherein the music is between a small group
of solo instruments called ​concertino​ and the whole
orchestra called ​tutti​.

Fugue 
➢ A contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by
imitative counterpoint
➢ Usually written in 3 or 4 parts, with a main theme
called “subject”
➢ The entire piece grows mainly from a single brief
tune of strong musical character
Oratorio 
➢ a large scale musical composition for orchestra
and voices that incorporates narratives on religious
themes
➢ performed without the use of costumes, scenery,
or action
➢ usually written in the native language for the
intended audience

Chorale 
➢ musical compositions that resemble a
harmonized version of hymnal tunes of the
Protestant Church during the Baroque era

Johann Sebastian Bach (Germany; 

March 21, 1685 - July 28, 1750) 
❖ came from a family of musicians
❖ Fugue in G minor
❖ Toccata and Fugue in D minor
Antonio Vivaldi (Venice, March 4, 1678 - 
Vienna, July 28, 1741) 
❖ Antonio Lucio Vivaldi or nicknamed, “il Prete Rosso”
(“The Red Priest”) because of his red hair
❖ Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a
virtuoso violinist
❖ Recognized as one of
the greatest Baroque
composers, his
influence during his
lifetime was widespread
over Europe
❖ known mainly for
composing instrumental
concertos, especially for
the violin, as well as
sacred choral works and over forty operas
❖ His most famous piece is The Four Seasons:
“Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn” and “Winter”
George Friedrich Händel (Germany, 
February 23, 1685 - London, April 14, 
1759) 
❖ second son from the second marriage of a pastor
❖ Despite his father’s opposition, George secretly taught
himself to play the harpsichord
❖ At age 7, he gained access to a church organ and
started to play
❖ Under Zachau, organist of Halle cathedral, he studied
counterpoint, canon and fugue.
❖ is remembered for his operas
and oratorios
❖ became England’s favorite
composer
❖ lost both of his eyesight in 1753
❖ he conducted his oratorio,
“Samson”, a few in the audience
were unaware that he had lost his eyesight
❖ The Messiah is Hӓndel’s most famous creation and the
very well known ―Hallelujah‖ chorus is part of
Hӓndel’s Messiah.
Arts 
Pre-Historic Period
Ancient Egypt
Classical Greek Period
Romantic Period
Medieval Period
Gothic Period
Idek mehn

Physical EducATion 
Strava strava strava :p 
 
 
 
Health 
Terms 
Air Pollution  
means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of
the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid
substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of
the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or
welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for domestic,
commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate
purposes.
Community  
is defined as a sociological group in a large place sharing one environment.
It therefore includes the individual and the family.
Community Health  
is defined as the art and science of maintaining, protecting and improving
the health of all the members of the community through organized and
sustained community efforts.
Deforestation  
is the destruction of big areas of our forests
Environmental Health  
comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by physical,
chemical, biological, social and psychosocial factors in the surrounding
environment.
Flash Floods  
is a sudden flood of great volume, usually caused by a heavy rain.
Garbage  
refers to leftover vegetables, animal and fish material food in kitchen and
establishments.
Health
is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity, and the ability to lead a socially
and economically productive life
Illegal Mining  
is defined as the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological
materials from the earth from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, or reef, which
forms the mineralized package of economic interest to the miner in the
absence of land rights, mining license, exploration or mineral
transportation permit or of any document that could legitimate the
on-going operations
Noise Pollution  
is the excessive sound that causes hearing loss, stress, fatigue, irritability,
tension, headaches, and high blood pressures. Noise pollution also causes
accidents by preventing people from concentrating on their present
activities.
Primary Health Care 
an approached launched by the Department of Health in promoting
community health through the partnership of the community, barangay,
government organizations, and non-governmental organizations.
Pollution​ means any alteration of the physical, chemical and
biological properties of any water, air and/or land resources of the
Philippines, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid wastes
as will or is likely to create or to render such water, air and land resources
harmful, detrimental or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or
which will adversely affect their utilization for domestic, commercial,
industrial, agricultural, recreational or other legitimate purposes.
Refuse​ are the dump, food waste or discarded materials.
Rubbish​ are waste materials such as bottles, broken glass, tin cans,
waste papers, discarded porcelain wares, pieces of metal and other
wrapping materials.
Soil Erosion​—happens when soil and rock are moved from one
place to another by wind, water, and gravity.
Soil Pollution​ is chiefly caused by chemicals in pesticides, such as
poisons that are used to kill agricultural pests like insects and herbicides
that are used to get rid of weeds.
Solid Waste Management​ shall refer to the discipline
associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and
transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste in a manner that is in
accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering,
conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations and that is
also responsive to public attitude.
Stable Manure​ includes animal from barns, stables or the likes.
Street Night soil​ consists of human waste, normally wrapped and
thrown into sidewalks and streets. It also includes human waste from the
pail system.
Waste Disposal​- shall refer to the discharge, deposit, dumping,
spilling, leaking, or placing, of any solid waste into or any land.
Water Pollution​- means any alteration of the physical, chemical,
biological, or radiological properties of a water body resulting in the
impairment of its purity or quality.
Yard Cuttings​ are those leaves, branches, grass, and other similar
materials produced during cleaning of gardens and after typhoon.