PSYCHOLOGY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING .

Versión
PRIMERA EVALUACION PARCIAL 0006

1. Gardner and Lambert describe two types of motivation, which are:

a. Intrinsec and extrovertial motivation.
b. Instrumental and integrative motivation.
c. Internal and external motivation.

2. Motivation has been defined in terms of ….

a. Learner´s communicative needs and their attitudes towards the second language community.
b. Learner´s beliefs and their instructional preferences.
c. Learner´s personality characteristics and their willingness to communicate.

3. Which is the best definition of integrative motivation?

a. Learning for personal growth.
b. Learning for practical goals.
c. Learning for communicative competence.

4. Which of the following is the best definition for integrative motivation?

a. Language learning for personal growth and cultural enrichment.
b. Language learners first focus on practice for immediate speech or practical goals.
c. Language learners first focurs at the beginning and ending of a sentence.

5. The fact that a student feels anxious at oral presentations in front of the second language class but not when working in oral tasks
with classmates in groups, shows that anxiety is ..
a. Surely, a natural reaction of people with high self-esteem.
b. Likely to be dynamic and dependent on specific situations and circumstances.
c. A social dynamic factor.

6. What can be inferred as an assumption of people who feel that it is better to begin learning a second or foreign language at an
early age?
a. It is always desirable for the learner to achieve native-like competence.
b. It is possible to learn a second language at an older age.
c. Adults have some advantages over children when learning a second or foreign language.

7. According to researchers there appears to be a link between IQ and ...

a. Metalinguistic knowledge.
b. Grammatical rules rote memorization.
c. Vocabulary awarness.

8. One of the difficulties of researching learner characteristics is ...

a. That the variables (i.e. characteristics) are hard to measure.
b. That the learner is not willing to learn.
c. That the learner is exposed to language in informal setting.

9. Early intensive exposure to a second language may produce ...

a. Lost or incomplete development of the child´s first language.
b. A fully bilingual child.
c. A fully sequential bilingual child.

10. Which of the following is likely to result in a willingness to learn and keep learning a new language?
a. A learner’s need to use a language in a wide range of social and/or professional situations.
b. A learner’s desire to have travel abroad and use the new language.
c. A learner´s receive only a few hours of instruction.

11. Which of the following is true about personality studies?

a. Personality variables have an important influence on succes in language learning.
b. Personality variables measure communicative ability and metalinguistic knowledge.
c. Personality variables may be a major factor only in the acquisition of conversational skills, not in the acquisition of literacy or
academic skills.

12. There is ample evidence that positive motivation is associated with a …..
a. Willingness to keep learning.
b. Learner´s attitudes toward second language.
c. Learner´s self-steem, empathy, dominance and talkativeness.

13. In which type of classroom can we predict that a student with a high level of intelligence, as measured on IQ test, would be
succesful?
a. A classroom which focuses on reading, grammar vocabulary and metalinguistic aspects of foreign language learning.
b. A classroom which focuses on communication skills and oral production.
c. A classroomm which focuses on listening skills.

14. Which are some differences between most child and adult second language learners in comparison to native speaker s?
a. Children become highly successful communicators even though there are some differences in word choice and accent.
b. Children usually achieve native-like communicative abilities.
c. Adults usually achieve native-like communicative abilities.

15. Vygotsky conceive Language as …

a. A internalized speech, and speech emerged in social interaction.
b. A complex system that humans developed while evolved.
c. A specific innate system to discover the rules.

16. Which of the following is a definition for the term "Sequential bilingualism"?
a. The learning of two or more languages at the same time.
b. The learning of two or more languages, one after the other.
c. The maintenance of the home language while the second language is being learned.

17. By the age of two, most children …..

a. Use irregular plurals.
b. Distinguish temporal adverbs.
c. Begin to combine words into simple sentences.

18. Piaget conceived Language as ..

a. Essentially internalized speech, and speech emerged in social interaction.
b. Symbol system that could be used to express knowledge acquired through interaction with physical world.
c. A complex system that humans developed while evolved.

19. Which of the following best describes the concept of metalinguistic awareness?
a. The ability to read and write a language at a young age.
b. The ability to understand and produce language.
c. The ability to reflect on the structure and meaning of language.

20. As children learn their first language in the first 3 years there are predictable patterns in the emergence and development of many
features of the language they are learning. Which of the following best describes the determining factor for the acquisition of these
features?
a. Developmental stages of the child which allows them to understand concepts such as time and therefore use language related to
these concepts.
b. Mastery of linguistic elements children need to use in order to describe concepts they already have in their mind.
c. Learning to read gives a major boost to this aspect of language development.

21. Which of the following is one of the main focuses of the interactionist/developmental perspective in regards to first language
acquistion?
a. Concern with the process of language acquisition.
b. Concern with the final state of language acquisition.
c. Concern with the initial stage of language acquisition.

22. Despite young children have little control over the sounds they produce
a. They can discriminate between the one language and another
b. They cannot hear any sound at all
c. They can hear differences between the sounds of human languages

23. Even though children have little control over the sound they make in the early weeks of life, they are able to …
a. Hear the cooing and gurgling sounds.
b. Hear very subtle differences between the sound of human languages.
c. Understand quite a few frequently repeated words.

24. Which of the following is true about the interactionist/developmental perspective in regards to first language acquisition?
a. The believe strongly in the language acquisition device (brain structures devoted to language acquisition).
b. They believe in a language acquisition device but do not think it is as important as the innatists do.
c. They do not believe in a language acquisition device and believe language learning is the same as learning other skills and
abilities.

25. Which best describes the idea of a “critical period” in first language acquisition?
a. A time in the life of a person in which they become critical of their society.
b. A time in the life of a person in which they are meant to learn how to acquire a specific skill or ability.
c. A time in the life of a person or animal in which they get critically ill and require care.

26. Which is the best explanation of the concept of the “logical problem of language acquisition”?
a. Children know more language than they hear in their environment.
b. Children can not distinguish between grammatical and ungrammatical sentences.
c. Children are only exposed to correct language structures.

27. Modified interaction is the key for making language comprehensible, according to ...
a. The noticing hypothesis.
b. The Interaction hypothesis.
c. The information processing.

28. Unlike the connectionism, the competition model…

a. Is based on the assumption of the existence of a neurological module (language device) is responsible for language acquisition.
b. Is a model for both first and second language acquisition.
c. Is a psychological theory for language acquisition.

29. Which of the following explains the concept of Krahsen´s input hypothesis?
a. In order to be useful for language acquisition, the language a person hears must be understandable.
b. Second language unfolds in predictable patterns.
c. Metaphorical barrier that prevents language acquisition.

30. Which of the following three scientists is associated with Interactionism/Developmentalism?

a. Piaget and Vygotsky.
b. Chomsky.
c. Skinner.

31. Which of the following explains the concept of Krahsen´s acquisition-learning hypothesis?
a. Language occurs when input is comprehensible.
b. Language is acquired without conscious attention or learned through conscious attention.
c. Language becomes automatic.

32. Which of the following are advantages of young learners?

a. They are more willing to speak.
b. They are able to solve problems and discuss.
c. They are able to understand language structure.

33. Which of the following is true about processability theory?

a. It explains that first language influence does become more apparent as the learner learns more about the second language.
b. It explains that learners do not simply transfer features from their first language at early stages of acquisition.
c. It explains that learners have limited processing capacity and cannot pay attention to form and meaning at the same time.

34. Which of the following is true about the psychological theory of information procesing?
a. Language learners first focus on understanding words, then grammar structure.
b. Language learners first focus on practice for immediate speech or practical goals.
c. Language learners first focurs at the beginning and ending of a sentence.

35. Which of the following best describes Swain’s (1985) concept of “comprehensible output”?
a. Learners produce language understood by native speakers.
b. Learners push their limits of second language production by working to find a better way to communicate.
c. Learners can make a great deal of progress through exposure to input.

36. Investigations carried out about second language acquisition suggest that it is a "skill learning" process that invoves…
a. Declarative knowledge.
b. Procedural knowledge
c. Declarative and procedural knowledge

37. Language is at least partly learned in chunks, according to ……

a. Competition model.
b. Connectionism.
c. Interaction hypothesis.

38. The competition model is based on the hypothesis that...

a. Language Acquisition occurs with the necessity of learner´s focused attention.
b. Language Acquision occurs with no need of any innate brain module that is specifically for language.
c. Language Acquisition occurs with the transfer first language patterns.

39. During “transfer appropriate processing” information is best retreived .

a. When learner goes through similar situations to those in which it was acquired.
b. When the learner is focused on meaning in communicative activities only.
c. When the learner is concentrated on rules.
40. Which of the following is the best definition for Clarification Request as an example of modified interaction?
a. Native speaker asks a learner to repeat what was said in order to be able to understand him or her.
b. Native speaker repeats what is said to ensure learner has grasped meaning.
c. The native speaker repeats his or her sentence either partially or in its enriety.

PSYCHOLOGY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING . Versión

PRIMERA EVALUACION PARCIAL 0006

SOLUCIONES
N° Sol Res N° Sol Res
1 B OK 31 B OK
2 A OK 32 A OK
3 A OK 33 A X
4 A OK 34 A X
5 B OK 35 B
6 A OK 36 C OK
7 A OK 37 B
8 A OK 38 B X
9 A OK 39 A OK
10 A OK 40 B OK
11 C X
12 A OK
13 A X
14 B OK
15 A X
16 B OK
17 C OK
18 B OK
19 C OK
20 B X
21 A OK
22 C OK
23 B OK
24 C X
25 B OK
26 A OK
27 B OK
28 B
29 A OK
30 A OK