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Annotation:The sets of engineering data is growing rapidly in size and diversity with the development of data collection technologies
in recent years. However, due to the complexity of the data sets and a huge amount of data a systematic examination of the full use of
the data sets to maximize the efficiency of the operation and the machines of the project was conducted. It also means that the
analysis of data, based on traditional statistical methods, is no longer effective in obtaining useful knowledge from these data
sets.Thus, this article discusses sets of dynamic and static data collected in the test bench with a typical drive by gear system, so
that these data sets are considered representative of state monitoring purposes. To diagnose the state of the mechanism was
analyzed dynamic data set: the fault or error, using conventional signal processing techniques, such as analysis of time domain
and frequency domain. Static data were also examined for comparative evaluation of characteristics detection.
This sampling and data analysis provide a complete view of the status of sets of monitoring data and prepared the way for the
development of a more effective approach to data mining and efficient database. Furthermore, to evaluate the effectiveness of these
new methods has been developed a database prototype gear test systems which were tested using these methods. The results
obtained with the help of a number of traditional methods showed that analysis of data provides information for effective
monitoring, but not as accurate, the condition to provide information on the extent of damage, which is often sufficient for
making maintenance decisions.

Keywords - monitoring the state of the art, data mining techniques, traditional methods.

I. INTRODUCTION
condition monitoring (SM) - an operation method of data collection and analysis to assess the status and condition of
equipment. Thus, potential problems can be detected and diagnosed at an early stage of development, which makes it possible
to take appropriate corrective measures before they become so serious that could cause damage to the machine. For accurate
results, the CM collecting large amounts of data with a wide range, including operating parameters of the dynamic signal high
density and special event sets of data to create historical trends that seem engineers and stored in databases. This gives rise to
the problem that the amount of data is very large, and the relationship between measurements is very difficult. Consequently,
the CM data is not always properly understood [1] and the extraction of useful and relevant information of such data is an
extremely difficult task. As the machines and sensors devices are becoming increasingly complex, combined with the latest
advances in information technology (IT), the data acquisition system (FCS) can produce a huge amount of data, the number of
which is growing and containing features representing hundreds of attributes. Data Mining Methods (DM) based on artificial
intelligence, machine learning (ML) and advanced statistics, created new methods and tools for automated extraction of
implicit patterns and knowledge, previously unknown and potentially useful. As the machinery and sensor devices are
becoming increasingly complex, combined with the latest advances in information technology (IT), the data acquisition system
(FCS) can produce a huge amount of data, the number of which is growing and which contain features that represent hundreds
of attributes. Data Mining Methods (DM) based on artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML) and advanced statistics,
created new methods and tools for automated extraction of implicit patterns and knowledge, previously unknown and
potentially useful. As the machines and sensors devices are becoming increasingly complex, combined with the latest advances
in information technology (IT), the data acquisition system (FCS) can produce a huge amount of data, the number of which is
growing and containing features representing hundreds of attributes.
DM - it is a tool based on artificial intelligence (AI) that can detect useful information in a database, which can then be
used as a guide to action. The use of DM technology began in the 1990s in the industry [2-4] and is constantly attracting
more and more attention, so that the DM is currently used in several areas of production to produce useful information for
use in system maintenance , fault detection, quality assurance, design, production, planning and decision support.

II. CONTROL EQUIPMENT STATE

The CM gear is a very important activity because of the importance of the gears in the power train in the whole
production. So there is always a constant pressure to improve the measuring equipment and analytical tools for early
detection of faults in the gears. pinion gears are an essential and due to the high demand for them even under normal
operating speeds and the applied load, are often subject to premature wear due to wear and fatigue. To monitor the status of
the gear, you can use physical parameters such as vibration, noise, temperature and even motor current.
Traditional methods of command gear reducers are based on the assumption that any change of gear condition can be
detected by a change in the measured vibration signal [5]. This is because the defects in the gear train changing both the
amplitude and vibration phase modulation gear. Thus, any changes in the vibration signal that can be measured and
analyzed to ensure that indicates the transmission status.
The measured vibration signals often have very non-stationary properties, defects such as gears and incipient faults
often manifest as changes in the signal spectrum. Thus, the choice of an appropriate signal processing technique to detect
wear gear when subjected to different loads becomes crucial because these vibration signals can be badly damaged and
often non-stationary noise. Statistical parameters of the signal generated by the damaged component may vary slightly due
to the transition of the defect, especially in the presence of noise, while the load fluctuations can give a signal in the form of
unexpected or undefined sources. This will lead to false positives and unnecessary maintenance costs. [6]

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III. USE OF MONITORING PLATFORM DATA SETS THE GEARBOX

A. Characteristics Data
These gears may be divided into two types: static and dynamic. As shown in the table, the static data set generally
comprises a measurement controller that was used to demonstrate system performance. This type of data can provide a quick
overview of system status. The sets of dynamic data are often used for SM, as they can provide more detailed information on
health status and therefore can diagnose the problem.

TABLE I. dataset GEAR

static data sets Dynamic Data Sets

armature Spindle Speed

current
Downloads Set angular velocity

Speed feedback motor current

torque feedback The gearbox vibration signal

motor current a motor flange vibration signal

The search
speed rate

B. Data Size of condition monitoring

The number of received and stored CM data being defined in the process of obtaining data by means of the timer. Memory size
collectors and data handlers can affect the size of the collected data file. The size of the data and the data collection point are
very important factors to ensure a clear process of image data collection. Table II shows the dimensions of the data sets
collected in reducing the test bench.

TABLE II. data set size collected by PROGRAM

GEAR TEST SET
datatype data file size

static data 364 KB (373,079 bytes)

dynamic data 152 MB (160,016,680 bytes)

C. Traditional methods of control Art

For a better understanding of CM transmission structure using conventional diagnostic methods, the experimental work was
conducted on the same test bed, which was originally developed and used previously to monitor the performance of two-stage
bevel transmissions using conventional vibration monitoring techniques . The cylindrical gear Two stage was used to carry out
experimental work, since in addition to its wide use in industry, such transmissions facilitate fault simulation.

The objective of the experiment is to monitor the condition of the equipment under normal conditions and compare the
results with those obtained in the case of real failure in similar conditions. As a rule, many types of failures observed in gear,
break teeth, cracks, scoring, wear, etc. In this experiment, a broken tooth was sown in 1st gear, it is a very common fault in the
gearbox, and the data were collected under different loads.

Conventional methods used in this study include comparing the waveform in the time domain and spectral analysis in the
frequency domain. Furthermore, a direct comparison of the static CM, based on the data.

IV. BASED MEASUREMENT STATIC DETECTION

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A. static database Detection
Figure 1 shows that the set loads for both was the same as for healthy defective. There was a slight difference in the armature
current, but this difference is not significant enough to be considered a fault indicator.
The feedback torque gives a better idea of failure, and it is shown that the torque feedback signals increase.

Downloads Set

Figure 1. Adjust the load, armature current and torque feedback to the healthy and faulty work gear

From Figures 2 and 3, when comparing these two conditions, it is clear that there is little difference between healthy state
and defective state for all measurements.

motor current s)

100
80 Gear7 test -heathy -
) test1
Gear3 test -
% 60 Test Fafe 1
(
40
20

0100200300400500600
Time (s)

Figure 2. Feedback on the speed, the need for speed and engine status Current conditions for a healthy and damaged transmission

154
 1500
Gear7 test -heathy -
1490 test1
Gear3 test -
Test Fafe 1
Rotation speed 1480
motor (r / min)

1470

1460

1450 100 200 300 400 500 600

0
Time(

s)

Figure 3. The motor speed and the phase current is obtained from the dynamic signal.

V. the vibration is detected,

A. Detection time domain

With the accelerometer mounted in the gear housing and having a different current operating condition under load,
waveforms were obtained for healthy and faulty transmission, as shown in Fig. 4. It can be seen that there are certain
differences between the amplitudes of signals due to load changes for both modes of transmission. Moreover, the signal
waveform contains a lot of unknown information.
Comparing these two conditions, you will notice that all the waveforms are distorted, but there are no clear signs of
malfunction even under high loads.

155
 Gear test
№7-
basseyna1 Figure 4. The vibration signals for normal
Transmission # 3 and defective gears
Fualty-Tes2
For more accurate and reliable influence of
load changes on the damaged cargo.
found rms, rms and peak values of the vibration signal.
Figure 5 shows that the statistical parameters were varied
depending on the load, but there is no standard course or
immediately swings.

SAW.
DETECTION OF CURRENT

A. Detection time domain

Figure 7 shows the distortion of the motor current signal - the difference
from a pure sinusoid but the obvious failure symptoms were not even at
different loads.

Portrait
5. Peak

Curvilinidade rms and the vibration signal in the time domain from the gearbox

156
B. Detection in the frequency domain
Analysis of healthy and defective ZK vibration signals in the frequency domain performed using techniques Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT). The full spectrum of vibrations based on the average of healthy and defective vibration signals is shown in
Figure 6. Figure extracted from the dominant components in the spectrum - responses of the resonant converter.

Figure 6. FFT spectral analysis of vibration signals of healthy and defective

gearbox.

test shestebasseyna1 HDI

№7Peredacha # 3Tes2
-... chance ...

Time (s)
Gear test
№7-basseyna1
Transmission
#3
Fualty-Tes2

Figure 7. The stator current signals to healthy and defective gear

Figure 8 shows that for all load peaks, the RMS and the motor current surpluses are not very different for health and fault
conditions.

157
Figure 8. Peak, RMS and stator current signal kurtosivy

B. Detection of the frequency range

It is seen in Figure 9 that the components rich in discrete frequency oscillation spectrum (0 to 100 Hz).

Gear test
№7-
basseyna1
Streaming
# 3-
FualtyTes2

158
 Figure 9. Spectral analysis stator current signal being measured to detect fault conditions and
fault.

VII. MEETINGS
The growing volume of MC data challenges the traditional
technologies and methods of MC for profitable results. In parallel with
this DM technology include neural networks, evolutionary
algorithms, pattern recognition and support vector machines
also developing rapidly thanks to computer hardware progress. It is
important to apply these technologies to the accumulated data to the
MC is more accurate and efficient.

Show Stats publications

The analysis of dynamic data sets using conventional techniques, such as

extraction of the characteristics of time and frequency domains, shows good
results in detection and diagnosis. However, the amplitude
characteristics are not high enough for a reliable diagnosis. The initial
investigation of the static data also shows some information about the
discovery, but not enough to determine the root cause of the failure.

VIII. FUTURE WORK OF OPERATION

• Pre-treatment of the data set (choice of data resources, cleaning of noise for data and handling errors with unknown values,
forecasting and data reduction, etc.).
• Qualification intelligent data retrieval methods, such as GA, and NN SVM for reducing data.
• Select a task and MD techniques to extract useful and interesting and common standards information.
• Build a mathematical model to determine the vibration signal characteristics when a usable HCC and attack; this requires the
use of data mining algorithms (NN) suitable (mathematical and intellectual), which describe patterns.
• Validate the simulation results based on experimental data.
• Rating (test model, interpretation and model analysis).
• Postprocessing detected or isolated patterns (after sampling, sorting or deletion results display standards).
• (Often, for the final realization of this goal, some stages of data analysis using the DM has to be repeated several times the
module).

REFERENCES

[1] S. McArthur; S. Strahan; and G. Yang; "Design multiagent transformer condition monitoring system," IEEE Transactions on grid,
Volume 19, №. 4, p. 1845_1852 2004.
[2] Lee MH, 1993, "Knowledge Factory", artif. Intelligence. Eng, 8, pp. 109_125.
[3] Iran, Cheng KB, Jay, Fayyad YM and Qian, H., 1993, "Application of machine learning to semiconductors". Manufacturing, "IEEE
Expert, 8 (1), pp. 41-47.
[4] Piatetsky Shapiro, G., 1999, "The mining industry with age," the IEEE Int. System 14 (6), pp. 32_34.
[5] Stander, CJ, Haynes, PC and Shumba in 2002. Use of a vibration monitoring for a local fault detection gear working under load
fluctuations, mechanical systems and signal processing. Volume 16, Number 6, pp. 1005-1024.
[6] J. Zhang, B. Makis and Jardine, AKS, 2006. The state detection device adaptable to varying load conditions based on parametric
modeling, mechanical system and signal processing, vol 20, № 1, p. 188,221.

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