QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CONTENT

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale
 First paragraph is the problem of the dependent variable and its
importance.
 Second paragraph is the importance of the independent variable. Connect
IV to DV.
 Third paragraph- problem of dependent variable in the local setting where
the study will be conducted citing an authority.
 Last paragraph- presentation of research gap and urgency of the study.

Research Objectives
 The opening statement should introduce the main objective of the study by
stating the last specific objective. Then enumerate the specific numbered
objectives. The first numbered objective is to describe the level of the IV in
terms of its indicators; the second objective is to describe/ determine the
level of the DV in terms of its indicators; the third objective is to determine
the significant relationship between the IV and DV; the fourth indicator is to
determine which domain in the IV that significantly influences or significant
determinant of the DV. The fifth objective (if applicable) is to develop an
intervention program/ scheme based from the findings of the study.

Research Hypothesis
 The research hypothesis should start with….The following hypotheses will
be tested at 0.05 level of significance:
1. There is no significant relationship between IV and DV.
2. There is no domain in the IV that significantly influences/ determines the
DV.

RRL

 There are 3 parts of RRL, namely: the Independent Variable(IV), Dependent Variable(DV),
and Correlations between Measures.
  First paragraph should start with the opening statement stating the parts of the RRL.
The indicators of the independent and dependent variables should be introduced here
with sources.
 All references should be within the last 5 years of publication when Resonation RRL is
used. However, if Inventory RRL is used, old references are acceptable as long as one of
the references is within the last 5 years of publication.
 Correlation between Measures should cite references that connect the IV and DV.
 All references cited in the Discussion (Chapter 4) are found in the RRL.
 Reference citations should follow the Author-Year System. Websites should be located
in the list of references after Chapter 4. In case sources don’t have authors, cite the title
or the first 3 words of the title if the title is long otherwise cite the title.
 Last paragraph should be the synthesis of the RRL. Please refer to completed theses.

Theoretical Framework
 Present a theory or proposition that connects the IV and DV. References have no
restrictions on the year of publication.
 There should be at least 3 support theories or propositions that further connect the 2
variables.

Conceptual Framework

 First paragraph should introduce the indicators of the IV source and define briefly the
indicators with reference to Figure 1. The defined indicators should be in italics.
 Second paragraph should introduce the indicators of the DV with source and define
briefly the indicators. The defined indicators should be in italics.
 Figure 1 which is the Conceptual Framework of the Study should be in one page that
follows immediately after it is mentioned. The indicators are presented with bullets and
the one-headed arrow should point to the right if regression is used and the boxes are
labelled as IV and DV. Two-headed arrow for correlation and the boxes designated as
the first variable and the second variable.

Significance of the Study

 First paragraph presents the importance of your study with reference/ source.
 This will be followed by mentioning the beneficiaries of the study. In other words it
identifies, in paragraph form, the people or offices that can utilize the findings of the
study from macro to micro level (i.e., DepEd Officials, school heads, teachers, students,
parents, community residents if applicable, and finally, future researchers).

Definition of Terms
  Define only the key terms in your title usually the variables starting with the IV then DV.
 In defining the variables, use their indicators. The definition should start this way: “As
used in this study, it refers to……”

CHAPTER 2
(All parts should be presented in paragraph form)
Research Design:

 Quantitative non-experimental research design using correlational techniques

 Little discussion with reference.

Research Locale

 What is the location of your study?

 Describe briefly the location of your study with reference to Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2
is the map of Mindanao or Philippines highlighting the province where the study is
conducted mentioning the provinces that serve as the boundaries and the
municipalities that the province is composed of. Figure 3 is the map of the province
highlighting the municipality (ies) where the study will be conducted. Give brief
description of the municipality by stating its boundaries, how many barangays,
school districts, and other information that relate to your study. Finally, state when
will the study be conducted (months and school year).

Population and Sample

 Describe the respondents of the study. Are the respondents also the subjects of the
study? If not, who are your respondents and who are they going to evaluate? Justify
why you selected those respondents, if necessary. Are you going to use the
population as your respondents or will you do random sampling using Slovin’s
formula to determine the number of samples required? Support your presentation
by using:

Distribution of Respondents (No horizontal and vertical lines)
Name of School Population Percentage Sample
Distribution Respondents
% =no. of %n of School A
School A Population of population in the
 School A school divide by
total number of
population multiply
by 100
School B

Total population Total number of

samples, n

 n=N divide by 1+N(e2) where: n is the total number of samples; N is the total
population; e=0.05 and e2 =0.052=0.0025.
 Delete Column 4 if no sampling is used (This means that the respondents of the
study are all members of the population).

Research Instrument
First paragraph is the description of the instrument to be used to measure the level of the IV.
This includes how many parts the questionnaire has and from whom it is adapted. Mention also
that the original questionnaire will be modified to contextualize the school setting and question
items will be simplified or translated to the vernacular for the understanding of the
respondents. This will be followed by the Range of Means to be used for the IV.

Second paragraph is the description of the instrument to be used for the DV- follow the flow of
discussion same as the IV. This will also be followed by the Range of Means to be used for the
DV.

In the last paragraph, mention that the instruments will be subjected for dry run in order to
determine the Cronbach Alpha values before content validation by experts with an external
validator. State also the overall validation rating.

Range of Means should follow this interval:

4.20- 5.00
3.40- 4.19
2.60- 3.39
1.80- 2.59
1.00- 1.79

Data Collection
This part presents how the study was done from asking permission to conduct the study to the
tabulation of the data in paragraph form. All problems/ experiences encountered during the
conduct of the study and how they were addressed should be narrated here.

CHAPTER 3

RESULTS

(Presentation of results should start with the overall findings! This is followed by the
enumeration of indicators’ mean scores from highest to lowest then followed by presentation
of the results of all indicators starting with the indicator with the highest down to the lowest
mean with reference to their respective appended Tables, e.g, Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.! Same
procedure should also be followed in the dependent variable (DV)!)

(When mentioning the indicator or variable, they should be written in italics and the first letters
should be capitalized).

(Be reminded that when you state any indicator from the independent and dependent variable,
they should be written in italics and the first letters should be in capital letters!)

(Again, presentation of Table 3 results should start with the overall r value with p value, then
followed by the presentation of the results when each indicator of the Independent Variable
(IV) is correlated with the overall Dependent Variable (DV) and finally, the presentation of
results when each indicator of the Independent Variable is individually correlated with each
indicator of the Dependent Variable. Always be reminded that when p value is less than 0.05,
then, there is a significant relationship between IV and DV, therefore, reject the Null
Hypothesis)

P value of 0.000 in Tables 3 and 4 should be written in the presentation of results as p<0.01,
however, if p values are not equal to 0.000, their actual values from Tables 3 and 4 should be
reflected in the presentation.

Table 4 results should be presented this way: First, present the value of F with p value and
decide whether there is an overall significant influence of the IV on DV and why? Then explain
the R2 value. Finally, present the T values of each of the indicator of the IV with their
corresponding p values then decide which of the indicator best influenced the DV. Always be
reminded that when p value is less than 0.05, then, there is a significant influence on the DV,
therefore, reject the Null Hypothesis

CHAPTER 4, DISCUSSION

Note: The difference between the presentation of RRL and Discussion (Chapter 4) is that in the
RRL, sources / references should be placed after the sentence or paragraph while in the
discussion, sources should be placed at the beginning of the sentence or paragraph, ie. “ …the
study is in consonance/ parallel/ congruence/ similar to the study of (reference)….”

Discussion for Table 1 and2 :

First paragraph should discuss the results from Table 1 using the indicators as
the point of discussion with references

(Discussion of Table 1 and 2 should start with the overall findings with reference! This is
followed by the discussions of all indicators starting with the indicator with the highest down to
the lowest mean! Same procedure should also be followed in the dependent variable!
Discussion of each indicator should revolve around the corresponding Appended Table without
mentioning the table.)

(All indicators with high and very high descriptive equivalents should also be included in the
discussion! This is also true to the dependent variable!)

(References/ Sources cited here should be the references cited in the corresponding RRL!)

Correlation Discussion (Table 3) :

(Discussion of Table 3 should start by going back to your Anchor Theory/ Proposition and
determine whether the findings of your study confirmed or contradicted the Anchor theory you
presented in Chapter 1. This is followed by the presentation of your references mentioned in
your Correlations between Measures in the RRL of Chapter 1 whether your study confirms or
contradicts the individual studies you presented in your RRL)

(Cite support!!)

Regression Discussion (Table 4):

Cite sources/ references that connect individually the indicators of the
independent variable (IV) which were the considered as predictors and the
dependent variable (DV).

CONCLUSION

(Conclusion should also follow the descriptive equivalents of the findings based on the
research objectives!)

Follow the sequence of presentation based on the Objectives of the Study (Chapter 1).

RECOMMENDATIONS
(Recommendations should be based on the conclusion!)

(Don’t be prescriptive! Avoid using the terms, “must”, “should”!)

REFERENCING

1. Sample of article from online journal

Bieg, S., Backes, S., & Mittag, W. (2011). The role of intrinsic motivation for
teaching teachers’ care and autonomy support in students’ self-determined
motivation. Journal of Educational Research Online, 1, 122-140.

2. Sample of article referencing from journal

Mata, L. (2015). Problematic Aspects in Forming Pedagogical Competences for Pre-

service Language Teachers. Anthropologist, 20(1-2), 330-339.

3. Sample of book referencing:

Gibson, P. (2005). Hildhood development in the 21st century. New York: Richmond
Press