RESORTMANA

GEMENT
Prof: Rene Guina
 CHAPTER 1

RESORT

 Is a placed used for relaxation or creation, attracting visitors for

vacations and/or tourism? Resorts are places, towns or sometimes
commercial establishment operated by a single company.

TYPES OF RESORT

 PROXIMITY TO PRIMARY MARKET

a. Destination Resorts – these are resorts that are many miles away
from their target market. Usually, these resorts are reached by the
use of air transportation to minimize the travel time and maximize
the guest experience. A guest usually travel once or twice a year.
In Philippine setting, if you are from Manila, a destination resort
for you is a trip to resort in Davao or Cebu.
b. Non – Destination Resorts – as the name implies, non-destination
resort are resorts which can be reached upon when traveling.
Usually, you can drive to the resort for about 2-3 hours and can
be frequented whenever a guest wishes to
 SETTING AND PRIMARY AMENITIES
 Visitors categorize resort by their location and amenities. Definition
thus, resort can be either be;

 Ocean resort
 Depend on the quality and extent of their beaches, views, climate, and
water sport activities
 Lake/River resort
 Obviously rely on water but rely even more on the recreational
activities that are water-oriented than do ocean resorts.
 Mountain / Ski Resort
 In Europe and North America, ski resorts are towns and villages in ski
areas, with support services for skiing such as hotels and chalets,
equipment rental, ski school and ski lifts to access the slopes.
 Golf resort
 Is a full service lodging facility , that cater specifically to the sport of
golf, and provides access to a golf course. Golf Resorts typically offer
golf packages that provides visitors with all greens, cart fees, range
balls, accommodations and meals.
  RESIDENDIAL AND LODGING PROPERTIES
 Real estate people like to categorize resort based on the type and mix
of residential lodging facilities. There are four specific parts:
a. TRADITIONAL LODGING
 The resort hotel is the most common form of resort development. It
requires a relatively modest financial investment. The guest at
traditional hotel selects the property on the basis of convenience. For
the business traveler, convenience might mean the hotel is close to
the highway or to the businesses to be visited.
b. TIMESHARE AND VACATION OWNERSHIP RESORT
 The term vacation ownership is also to mean timeshare. Timesharing
is defined as the right to accommodation at a vacation development
for a specific period each year, for a specified number of years or for
perpetuity.
c. CONDOMINIUM
 A condo hotel, also known as a hotel-condo or a Contel, is a building,
which is legally a condominium but which is operated as a hotel,
offering short term rentals, and which maintains a Front Desk. Condo
hotels are typically high-rise buildings developed and operated as
luxury hotels, usually in major cities and resort. These hotel have
condominium units which allow someone to own a full-service
vacation home. When they are not using this home, they can leverage
the marketing and management done by the hotel chain to rent and
manage the condo unit as it would any other hotel room. In
condominium hotel, or condotel, guest buy free-simple equity in the
unit buying a hotel guestroom. Owner can earn income (depending on
the policy of the hotel by renting out their units independently or
through the rental program of the management company.
d. DESTINATION CLUB
 Is an entity that gives its owners or members access to multiple luxury
vacation homes spread around the country, or around a region, or
around the world
 CHAPTER 2

BEACH RESORT AND MARINAS OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT

Different recreational activities that utilize water as the major attraction:

 NATURAL BEACH
 Which can be used for sunbathing, swimming, and beachcombing?
Very popular, they may require little development, though
maintenance cost can be high. Beaches allow for a variety of
complementary activities, including snorkeling and scuba diving.
 OPEN SPACE AND TRAILS
 Typically found around lakes and wetlands. They can be used as sites
of fishing or camping or for observing wildlife, and fit well into
ecotourism movement.
 GOLF COURSES
 Developed in Scotland, the reputed home of golf, on the coast to give
participants the benefit of the invigorating sea air. Many U.S resort
exploit oceanfront settings to highlight their golf facilities.
 MARINAS SERVICING
 Sailboats a motorizes crafts as well as windsurfing and other water
sports. Depending on the type of craft catered to, the amount of
development can range from little to extensive.
 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
 As homes a site is on the waterfront generate premium prices. Care
must be taken to balance preservation of the often sensitive ecology
and obtaining an economic return on the investment.
 COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
 Such as hotels, retail stores, and restaurants. This most intense type
of water front development must be approached carefully because of
environmental concern.
 CRUISE SHIPS
 Which after all are nothing more than floating resorts.

 BEACH RESORT
 Is a seaside resort, or resort town, located on the coast? Where a
beach is the primary focus for tourists, it may be called a beach resort.
Six factors to be considered in Developing Beach Resort

 SEA – a variety of factors related to the sea affect the attractiveness of the
site
 AIR TEMPERATURE - There is a high correlation between swimming
and maximum air temperature and a fairly high correlation between
beach used and maximum air temperature.
 AMOUNT AND INTENSITY OF THE WIND AND SUN -There is a
weak inverse relationship between both swimming and beach used
and wind. There is a straight- line correlation is higher than that of
maximum air temperature for beach use and lower for swimming.
 WATER TEMPERATURE - Including temperature range.
 CURRENT TIDES AND WAVES - including their direction, strength,
and seasonality. Wave action, and the corresponding erosion, is
greater when beaches are exposed to the main channel of a lake. On
the other hand, beaches developed on lakes are subject to less
erosion when placed on the side of a bay or Intel.
 ECOLOGY – including seaweed and fish
 POLLUTION – treatment to destroy bacteria and microorganism
before they pass into the surrounding water, as these pollute the
water
 CLARITY OF WATER–water around bathing destination should
be treated and pass germ tests
 POSSIBLE ATTRACTIONS - Such as island, coral, and conditions for
water creation.

 SEASHORE - The seashore consists of the surface under water, extending out
of a depth of 6 feet. A gentle slope of 7 % to this depth is ideal
 BEACH - The slope of the beach should be between 2 and 10 percent, with 5
percent being the ideal. Both purity and color of the material, a minimum 0f 12
inches of sand or a mixture of sand and pea gravel, and the stability of the
beach are important. The size of the beach is a function of its depth and length.
People do not want to walk too far to get to the water; neither do they want to
feel crowded. A good rule of the thumb is for square feet of beach per swimmer
a day. Beaches are zoned for best use. The 20 to 30 feet nearest the edge of
the water should be designated as a circulation area to allow swimmers to
move in and out of the water and walkers to move laterally along the beach.
  BACK BEACH - Back beach offer views to both the sea and inland. The
geomorphology cliffs, dunes, and flatlands can dramatically add to the setting.
Vegetation and the effect of the microclimate must be considered because of
the fragile nature of the resource. Protection against degradation is a major
concern as developers consider future improvements.
 COASTAL STRETCH - The coastal stretch consists of the beach environment
between 0.5 and 3 miles from the back beach. This is where service facilities
and access roads are placed. Parking facilities, bathhouses for changing,
comfort station, and concessions are located here. Large beach may require
several parking areas, each capable of accommodating from 50 to 100 vehicles,
in order to disperse traffic and beachgoers. Two school of thoughts with respect
to the placement of access roads. One philosophy is place the access road
between the beach and the surrounding hotel. People who drive by can view the
sea, and everyone has access to the beach. However, hotel residents, to reach
the beach , have to cross the road, creating safety problems. Access to the
beach is direct from the hotel which in some cases limits access to their guest.
The drivers’ view is the front of the hotel. Access to local is restricted.
 SURROUNDING COUNTRY - The country surrounding the beach development
provides the setting for the attraction. Many people wish to combine relaxing
days at the beach with more active pursuits. Natural attraction, the extent of the
development , surrounding infrastructures, and the opportunity for excursions all
need to be considered

ELEMENTS OF A DESIRABLE BEACH SITE – in selecting a site for

beach development , these elements warrant particular attention
 Access to permanent or transient seasonal population
 Access to major roads
 Minimum water temperatures in the upper 60’s during the swimming season
 Warm, sunny conditions before and during the season to warm the water and
attract swimmers and sunbathers
 Water quality needs to be analyzed before and after development as swimmers
will add to the existing bacterial count.

COASTAL SITES – the biggest problem facing developers of coastal resorts is

shoreline and beach erosion. As a result of problems caused by development
along coastline, regulation tend to restrict building to 200 or from the beach . in
addition, building density is is usually low, and laws tend to require dune
preservation to help control erosion. The planting of sea grasses helps produce
more stable beaches while encouraging a diverse wildlife.
BEACH RESORT EVOLUTION – beach resort evolution describes the following
stages;

 First Phase –no tourism is present. Some kind of settlement,

however is connected by road to the rest of the area
 Second Phase –explorative tourism and it begins with the visit if few
explorative tourist with independent itineraries and an interest in the
local culture
 Third Phase – major changes begin with the development of the first
hotel. Strip development along the beach occurs, with its additional
property bringing in more visitors, thus creating the need for
additional facilities to serve their needs as beachfront properties
increases in value , resident sell or are forced out because of higher
taxes. They move to new residential communities at some distance
from the beach. Land next to the beach becomes built out and more
hotel development takes place away from the recreational resource
that attracted visitors in the first place
 Fourth Phase – a second road parallel to and some distance away
from the beach is built, improving access to business farther inland.
Further development in the area is encouraged
 Fifth Phase – the resort become a city with a recreation business
district and a commercial business district.

MARINAS

MANAGING THE RESOURCES

THE BLUE FLAG - Is a certification by the Foundation for Environmental Education

(FEE) that a beach or marina meets its stringent standards? The Blue Flag is a
trademark owned by FEE which is a not-for-profit, non-governmental organization
consisting of 65 organizations in 60 members countries in Europe, Africa, Oceania,
Asia, North America and America. FEE’s Blue Flag criteria include standards for water
quality, safety, environmental education and information, the provision of services and
general environmental criteria. The Blue Flag is sought for beaches and marinas as an
indication of their high environmental and quality standards. Certificates, which FEE
refers to as awards, are issued on an annual basis to beaches and marinas of FEE
member countries. The awards are announced yearly on 5 June for Europe, Canada,
Morocco, Tunisia and other countries in a similar geographic location,November 1 for
the Caribbean, New Zealand, South Africa and other countries in the southern
hemisphere. In the European Union, the water quality standards are incorporated in the
ECWater framework directive.
CRITERIA:

A. WATER QUALITY
 It is the vital beaches meet water quality standards for microbiological and
physical – chemical parameters.
 The pH should be between 6.5 and 8.5 (Caribbean and south Pacific) or 6
to 9 (Europe)
 There should be no visible oil film on the water surface and no odor
 The beach should be monitored for oil pollution deposits and emergency
plans should be in place in the event of such pollution. Potential land
sources of oil pollution should be identified and properly managed.
 Nothing floating articles on the surface (plastic articles, bottles, etc.)
should not be present
 Water should be transparent to a depth of at least 6 feet (3.6 feet in
Canada)
 There should be no abnormal change in the color of the water
 No specific odors from phenols should be present

B. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT – an environmental policy and plan must

be in place at the marina. The plan should cover water, waste, and energy
consumption, health and safety issues, use of the environmentally sound
products. The system involves several elements
 Environmental Policy –is an effort to reduce the environmental loads
from the activities of the marina. Priorities must be established in the
areas of water, waste, and energy consumption, health and safety
issues, and the use of environmentally sound products.
The starting point is to establish the actual environmental load of the
marina and the boat that use the facility. This process is known as
mapping and involves several steps
 A beach management committee must be established to be in charge of
instituting environmental management systems and conducting regular
environmental audits of the beach facility.
 Waste disposal bins/ receptacles must be available on/ by the beach in
adequate numbers, regularly maintained and emptied.
 Facilities for receiving recyclable waste materials must be available on/ by
the beach
 Adequate and clean sanitary facilities with controlled sewage disposal.
 Special consideration should be given to the cleanness and condition of
equipment. Ideally environmentally sound will be used.
C. SAFETY AND SERVICES
  A lifeguard on site
 An attended first-aid station with trained personnel
 Equipment located in a shop or other beach facilities at the beach
 Directly available to the public on the beach
 A supply of potable drinking water must be available on the beach
 A map of the beach indicating different facilities must be displayed

10 BEST FAMILY ISLAND RESORT

 Fiji: Castaway Island
 Tahiti: Four Season Bora Bora
 Kauai, Hawaii: Hanalei Colony Resort
 Australia: Heron Island
 BVI: Villa Aqua Mare
 Maui, Hawaii: Ritz-Carlton Kapalua
 Antigua: Jumby Bay
 Barbados: Sandy Lane
 Florida Keys: Hawk’s Cay
 Italy: Hotel Caesar Augustus, Capri

20 BEST ISLANDS TO LIVE ON

 Big Island, Hawaii

 Bahamas
 Philippines
 Roatan
 Indonesia
 New Zealand
 Maui, Hawaii
 Whidbey, Washington
 Turks and Caicos
 Palau

BEST OVERWATER BUNGALOWS

 Bora Bora Pearl Beach Resort and Spa
 Four Seasons Bora Bora
 Hilton Bora Bora Nui Resort and Spa
 Hotel Sofitel Bora Bora private Island
  InterContinental Bora Bora Resort and Thalasso Spa
 InterContinental Le Moana Bora Bora
 Le Meridien Bora Bora
 The St. Regis Bora Bora Resort

25 BEST ISLANDS FOR SNORKELING

 Bonaire
 Culebra, Puerto Rico
 Dry Tortugas, Florida Keys
 Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
 Jots Van Dyke, BVI
 Laughing Bird Cay, Belize
 Maui, Hawaii
 North Biminis, Bahamas
 Plaza Sur, Galapagos
10 MOST ROMANTIC ISLANDS
 Tahiti
 Maldives
 Fiji
 Seychelles
 St. Lucia
 Hawaii
 Italy
 St. Barthelemy
 Australia
 Jamaica

10 BEST ISLANDS

 Bahamas: Lighthouse Point

 Block Island: Crescent Beach (Rhode Island)
 Bora Bora: Matira Beach
 BVI: Sandy Spit
 Corfu: Agni Bay (Greece)
 Hawaii :Moku Niue, Oahu
 Hawaii:Polihale,Kauai
  Maldives:Dhigufinolhu
 Tobago: Pigeon Point
 Vanuatu: Champagne Beach

MARINA - Is an Italian word means a boat basin that has docks, moorings, supplies,
and other facilities for small boats? A marina is a facility which caters to small boats and
recreational boaters. Marinas consist of basins or sheltered harbors which are fitted with
equipment suitable for the use of small water craft. They can include a variety of
amenities. Marinas may be administered by municipalities, private organizations, or
even individuals. Use of the marina usually comes with a fee which can vary depending
on the types of services someone wants to use. Some marinas may have special
hardship rates or may donate a few berths to charitable organizations such as groups
which take disadvantaged children on sailing trips.

 Development Process – the process for developing marina consists of five

step
a. Analyze the market – taking into accounts the area’s economy, analyze
both the demand and competitive supply to give preliminary
assessment of current market condition.
b. Develop a market strategy and marina concept – determine the services
to be offered, define the size and mix of boats, specify the number of
wet slips and dry storage areas, identify funding sources, estimate fees,
and estimate cash flow.
c. Identify the site – at this point begin to identify preferred site by
compiling and mapping data, scrutinizing development factors, and
selecting alternative sites. Note regional policies controlling proposed
uses of sites and select the superior sites
d. Perform feasibility analyses and preliminary design – this stage involve
conducting an in-depth financial feasibility study, including an analysis
of cash flow. Determine the preliminary design and technical feasibility
of the site and address the local zoning and building permits.
e. Design and develop marina – create detailed construction photos, file
for and obtain permits, secure local approvals, obtain construction bids
and loans, and exercise the option on the land.

ONSHORE/OFFSHORE MARINA

 Onshore – the major concern regarding onshore facilities is ensuring

enough space. The guideline is that the water space should beequal to land
space. An acre of water can handle anywhere from 25 to 65 boats
depending on the size of the boats and the layout of the facility. The land
 on which onshore facilities will be built should be above the floodplain and
have enough bearing capacity to support construction of facilities.
 Offshore – two important aspects of offshore development are water depth
and water level fluctuation. The minimum depth for marina is 8 feet below
the low-water datum. Anything less than 8 feet limit the number of types of
craft that can be accommodated. Dredging to increase depth is a
possibility, but it is very expensive. On the other hand, if the basin is too
deep, it may not offer sufficient protection for moored boats. In addition.
Deep basin limit the pier design that can be accommodated

BASIS FOR MARINA DEVELOPMENT – marina might serve as the base for hotel
and concession, profits in such arrangements are dependent on income from the
concessionaires, who often manage both lodging and food facilities. Marinas are
also developed to stimulate boat sales, as a part of boat building operations, or
as headquarters of club or boating organization. Marina can be;

a. Private
b. Public
c. Joint Venture

LEGAL AND POLICY CONTEXT – even if marina is developed privately, issues

relative to access to public complicate the process. Developers may have to
permit public access, or the project may require to offer public benefit before
permission are given to built. Restriction may be placed on the number of slips
that can be developed and the maximum priced that can be charged

CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPING MARINA:

 Proximity to a population base

 Accessibility by a main road artery
 Sufficient water in the marina basin for development
 Sufficient water depth and surface for the proposed activities, a minimum
of 8 feet below low-water depth is ideal. Shallow sites can be dredged at a
high cost. Of greater corner are deep basins, as these do not provide
adequate protection from wave action and limit pier designs.
 Natural protection from winds, storms, and flooding
 A stable shoreline
 Good southerly exposure
  Good water quality – a healthy flow of water through the marina helps
wash pollutants away, while too strong a flow may make the marina
unstable for boat storage.
 Aesthetically pleasing quality surrounding
 Reasonable fluctuation in water levels – high water levels constitute a
safety threat
 Freedom from Ice – in northern climates boat have to be removed from
the water in winter, or expensive aeration systems must be installed to
keep the water moving, which prevents ice from forming.

THE MAJOR COST OF BUILDING IN MARINA

DREDGING - Dredging changes the bottom profile of the basin to allow deeper draft
boats to dock in the marina. Most pleasure boats need 2 feet of clearance below the
propeller at low tide. Most boats can be accommodated with a depth of 7 feet at mean
low water. Dredging can cause siltation problem if not done properly. The basin bottom
should slope slightly towards the entrance to encourage a natural flushing action. Deep
water marinas, especially those that are enclosed, can have severe water quality
problems because of the lock of natural flow. Installation of aeration systems may be
necessary.

LOCKS - Locks may be the answer where a site is otherwise inaccessible. They are
necessary where the tidal range is greater than 12 feet or where is a major change in
elevation between the basin and open water. Because of the expense, locks are rarely
economical in marinas of fewer than 500 boats. Locks can cause problems due to
excessive waits to get in or out of the marina.

BULKHEADS - Is a retaining wall that is backed with solid fill and erected along the
water to extend the upland out of the bulkhead line; serves as protection against tidal or
watercourse erection of land. Bulkheads prevent erosion of the shoreline as well as
provide safe, convenient access to the water part of the marina.

BREAKWATER - Are used to shield the marina from wave action. Potential wave action
is simulated by engineers to determine the extent of break waters needed. Improper
location of break waters can reduce natural flushing, exacerbate erosion problems, and
encourage dangerous currents.

TYPES OF MARINA
OFFSHORE MARINA - Because of the offshore marina requires minimum bulkhead
wall, land take, and dredging, it can be the least expensive type to build. Many,
however, require expensive breakwaters, the cost of which in deep water, can negate
cost saving in other areas. It is vulnerable to weather and currents and, on rivers and
estuaries, is a navigation hazard. It is also subject to silting by littoral drift, the
movement of sand by wave action. It offers minimum enclosure and has the least
impact on the environment. The offshore marina, however, presents few opportunities to
place boats directly on the land.

RECESSED MARINA - When conditions on the sea bottom do not allow for an offshore
layout, a recessed marina may be the economical option. Dredging takes earth from the
original shoreline and deposits it offshore to raise the bottom to an appropriate level.

BUILT IN MARINA - Offers the advantages of an uninterrupted shoreline, a large land-

water interface, and considerable enclosure. Hence it offers excellent safety and affords
opportunities for many slips. However, it requires a large amount of land, a long
bulkhead wall and significant dredging. This makes it more expensive than the
categories noted above. Views to the open water are maintained as are opportunities’
for the development located close to the boats. Water stagnation is a potential problem
because of poor water flow.

LAND LOCKED MARINA- The landlocked marina is both the costliest and the safe
type of marina. It offers maximum enclosure and minimum interruption of shoreline
(hence the safety factor), yet requires maximum bulkhead wall and dredging (hence the
cost). The distance from the open water can be inconvenient. Some means of
circulating the water is necessary to prevent stagnation. From a revenue generating
perspective, this layout offers maximum frontage for boat slips. No matter the type of,
the amount of land area required should be equal to the water area. In the water, 77
percent of the area can be used mooring, while the remaining 23 percent is needed for
clearances. Parking can take anywhere from 22 percent to 40 percent of the land area.
The other remaining land can be used for other purposes.

MANAGING MARINA OPERATION

 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RELATING TO MARINA – good

environmental practices are crucial to any resort operator. The resort
relies upon the quality of the resource to attract and satisfy guests.
Irresponsible activities can seriously erode the health and aesthetics of
near shore marine environments and coral reefs. These qualities are;
  Beach
 Water
 Marine Environment

ANCHORING - The use of anchors for mooring recreational boats can cause extensive
damage to near- shore marine ecosystems, especially coral reefs. Anchors can damage
warm water corals by crushing them.

BOAT OPERATION - Improper operation of a boat can result in accidents that crush
and kill area of coral and other reef-dwelling organisms. Increased sediment from
propeller wash and wave creation tends to inhibit the photosynthetic process of
symbiotic algae that live within coral tissues. Older boats and jet skis that have
inefficient two stroke engine can generate significant level of pollution.

BOAT SEWAGE AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL - When raw or partially treated sewage
is dumped in coastal waters people and the environment are subject to risk. Plastic
objects and Styrofoam debris are often consumed by turtles, seabirds, fish, and marine
mammals.

SNORKELING, DIVING, AND SCUBA - Many resorts offer snorkeling, diving, and
scuba as attract guest to a particular property. Scuba is a relatively new water sports for
non-certified divers that combines snorkeling and scuba. Irresponsible or inexperienced
snorkelers and divers can crush and break corals and other reef-dwelling organisms
with fins, equipment, and body parts.

SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION AND SOUVENIR PURCHASING - The near-shore

environment is threatened when marine resources are overharvested for seafood and
ornamental souvenir such as coral and turtles shells.

RECREATIONAL FISHING - Is popular activity. Sports fishing charters target marlin,

Dorado and Wahoo. Spear fishing and pole fishing and coral reef areas have also
gained in popularity in recent years, among both tourist and local people.

MARINE WILDLIFE VIEWING - Marine species have greater economic value when
they are viewed rather than harvested. However such viewing practices can have
detrimental impacts if not properly managed. The major threat comes from improper
boating practices and corralling of animals during viewing
 Chapter 3

Mountain Based Resort

Mountain Resort – is a place to holiday or vacation located in a mountainous

area. The term include ski resort, where winter sport, including skiing,
snowboarding , ice climbing and ice skating are practiced., as well as places
where summer activities such as mountain biking, mountain boarding, and hiking
are pursued. In hot climate hill and mountain resorts are visited for the coller
temperatures at higher elevation.

a. Site Design and Feasibility – for ski resorts, snow is one of the main
attractions in a Winter resort in Western countries. Unlike in the
Philippines, other countries typically benchmarks their design on winter
sports and activities. That is why development of mountain sites is a
particularly challenging endeavor. The overall physical feasibility of the site
is a function of four factors
 Scope and attractiveness of the site
 Access and proximity to the markets
 Environmental limitations
 Unusual site-specific costs.
Attractiveness – the attractiveness of the site is determined by various
factors
 In terms of the environment, people look for a desirable mix of climate,
snow condition, exposure and snow retention, and forest cover.
 Terrain is the second factor affecting attractiveness of a site. The grade
of the terrain should match the ability level of the market to be served. A
variety of grades and view make for an aesr=thetically pleasant
experience
 A major constraint for ski areas, and the third factor affecting the
attractiveness of the site, is lack of space at the base. This is especially
true for parking facilities. The most effective way for a mountain to
operate is by way of a lift system that disperses skiers across the resort
 The fourth and the final factor affecting the attractiveness of the site is
potential length of the season. The typical ski season of 130 days.
 Access to Market – the more attractive the site, the farther people will travel
to get there. The flipside is that, as distance from major market increases,
the scope and attractiveness of the area must be increase. Skiers are
willing to travel one to two hours at most to ski at a day area aiming for a
local market. Weekend ski areas targeting a regional market can expect
skiers to travel up to half a day to enjoy the slopes, while the national or
international market seeking a vacation destination will travel more than s
half day for this option
Environmental Limitation – in large part, skiers are attracted to a winter
resort because of the opportunity to experience nature. Balancing the
economics of skiers numbers with the aesthetics of the outdoor experience
is important for the long-term profitability of the resort. Resorts may face
such environmental limitations as the presence of wildlife habitats that are
home to endangered species, the existence of special cultural or
archaeological sites deemed worthy of preservation, and a scarcity of
natural resources
Site Cost – the cost of the land must be balance against the revenue an
area can generate. In the West, where three quarters of ski areas are on
public land, an annual lease payment made.

Mountain Recreation – activities and recreation determine what we could find a

Mountain Based Resort. If the resort is an all-season one, the following activities
are held.

Winter Season – in the cold wind and snow, are the activities usually done in a
mountain resort;

 Sledding – there’s nothing better than gliding through the cool air on a
sled. Find a good hill and anf grab your tube toboggan, and saucer for
hours of entertainment. Sledding is fun for all ages, but toddlers should
ride with parents, and should be well-bundled in layers to stay warm and
cushion their tumbles.
 Skiing – downhill and cross-country skiing are family favorites during the
winter months. Some children star skiing as young as age 2 or 3, but the
best age is probably about 5, when kids are more coordinated and less
afraid of falling. Young downhill skiers can hit the bunny slopes or green
circle trails but should have an adult with them. Ski lessons can help your
child learn the ropes. It’s wise to invest in a helmet in case of falls or
collisions.
  Snowboarding – as with skiing, little ones can start snowboarding young,
but few children strap on a board before age 5 or 6. Snowboarding is most
popular among teens because they have the strength and skills to stay
 Snow Angel – fluffy snow? Snow suit? Check. That’s all the gear kid of any
age need to lie down and create a snow just like they would do a jumping
jack. Make this simple activity extra fun by using materials to decorate
your angel, such as food coloring to draw on face, and old clothes and
accessories to dress it up. Why should snowman have all the fun
 Building a Snowman – babies and big kids alike would like to make a
snowman in the yard, especially around the holidays. After stacking few
big snowballs to make the body, kids can use their imagination to find
fruits, vegetables, sticks, berries, clothes, and other materials to bring their
snowman to life.
 Igloo building - children who have graduated from building snowmen can
spend hours constructing an igloo or snow port. Kids can use shovel or
their hands to build one of these arctic domes.
 Ice Fishing – kids who have gotten hooked on fishing during the warm
weather months might love to try ice fishing with a parent. Young children
will probably get bored waiting for the fish to bite, so keep you outing short
or just bring your older children. Always be sure that the ice is safe. – at
least 4 inches thick and the temperature have been below freezing for
several days straight. Children, and even adults, should never ice fish
alone in case of an emergency in the ice.
 Snowshoeing – families that like to hike will love snowshoeing. Kids will
have fun on the bigfoot- like shoes that help keep them from crunching
down the snow and getting stuck., if your child can walk, he can snowshoe
outdoor retailers sell snowshoes and poles for kids as young as age 2.
Poles are optional depending on the trail and snow conditions and your
child’s balance. This is a great form of cardiovascular for everyone in your
family.
 Snowball Fight – have a ball battling with your kid in a snowball fight, by
joining in the fun , you can help your younger child or underdog while
supervising to make sure it doesn’t turn into bullying, avoid injuries by
making sure the snow isn’t too icy. Snow on super cold days will be to light
and airy to form a ball. Here’s a tip; Lie down on the snow for a few minutes
to heat them up and then try to pack that warmer snow into a ball.

Ski Lifts - a major activity in winter recreation is the use of ski lifts. That’s why a
great design should be established. The capacity of the lift to bring skiers up the
mountain must be balanced against the capacity of the trial to take them down.
The goal is to spread skiers over the mountain while ensuring that the time spent
in line is no greater than the time spent riding the lift.

Types of Lifts

 Tows – called rope tow or handle tow, is a mechanized system for pulling
skiers and snowboarders uphill
 Cable Lifts – uses moving cable , but the cable stretches overhead while
the skiers remains on the surface of the ground.
 Chairlifts – a type of aerial lift, which consists of a continiusly circulating
steel cable loop strung between two end terminals and usually over
intermediate towers, carrying a series of chairs
 Gondolas/tramways – a type of aerial lift normally called a cable car, which
is supported and propelled by cables from above.

Other Winter Activities

 Snowmobiling – sport using a land vehicle for winter travel on snow

 Cross Country Skiing - ( XC skiing ) is a form of ski touring in which the
participants propel themselves across snow-covered terrain using skis and
poles which are popular in many places with large snowfields, primarily in
Northern Europe, Canada, and Alaska.
 Toboganning – the sport of sliding down snow –covered slopes and
artificial –ice-covered chutes on a runnerless sled called toboggans.
 Ice Skating – is moving on ice using ice skates and done for a variety of
reasons including health benefits, leisure, traveling, and various sports

Summer Season – summers are becoming warmer and last loner in mountains.
Palm trees on public places where people drink coffees, mark the new mountain
atmosphere. It is possible for the visitors to live in the open air which is pure and
fresh. Swimming in the clear waters of the mountain lakes becoming always more
attractive. Forest Services has suggested the following recreation activities for
mountain development;

 Bicycling
 Camping and cabins
 Climbing
 Fishing
 Hiking
 Hunting
 Nature Viewing
 Outdoor Learning
  Picnicking
 Rocks and Minerals
 Scenic Driving
 Water Activities

CHAPTER 4

GOLF/ TENNIS BASED RESORT AND MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION

GOLF - are a precession club and a ball in which competing player use many types of
club balls to hit balls into a series of holes on a course using the fewest number of
stroke.

IMPORTANCE OF GOLF - because of their attractiveness to growing number of

people, they may help the marketing effort in selling a resort or residential community. If
the primary purpose is to sell real state, building should be designed to take advantage
of view.

OWNERSHIP;

 Private
 Municipally owned

GOLF OPERATION

DAILY FEE

 Involved payment of daily fee for use.

NONE EQUITY PRIVATE CLUB

 Members pay an annual fee or annual dues.

MEMBERSHIP OWNED EQUILITY CLUB

 Members buy an equal share in the ownership of the club, being tied to the cost
of the land and the improvement.

GOLF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

IDEAL SITE - a valley where the land roles every 200 to 250 yards with grades of less
than 10% good sites for green or a change in elevation about 50 to 100 feet with well
drained sandy soil that dries quickly after rain with tail existing trees.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT - is one whose profession is to plan the decorative

arrangement of outdoor features their responsibilities include:

 Assist the developer client to attract visitors through the design

 Provide visitors/ users with a rich memorable experience
 To protect the natural resources

SIZE OF THE PROPERTY

 120- 130 acres – flat site for 18 hole course

 150 acres – on difficult terrain

SHAPE OF THE PROPERTY - irregularly shaped pieces of land make for

potentially more interesting and safer golf courses compares to square and
rectangular size. Regular developments are more likely to have number of parallel
holes. Long, narrow sites restrict the option of a developer. Road crossing also
reduce the attractiveness of the site. The orientation of the course is another item
to consider. A long, narrow course oriented northwest-southwest means that the
holes face the morning or afternoon sun, making play more difficult. A north-
south orientation is preferred.
TOPOGRAPHY- the topography of the site has the greatest impact on the quality
of the finish golf experienced. Gently rolling hill is preferred, and flat land is
boring and hilly land is tiring on players, slows play. Requires numerous blind
shot, and is expensive to maintain. The ideal site should have both sloping and
flat areas with trees, greens, and fairways adapted to the contours. Steep slopes
reduces the visibility of the site. Designers begin, by looking at the existing
contours of land to identify suitable areas for tees, greens, and fairways, landing
areas where well-hit balls can become to rest without rolling-out of bounds.

NATURAL HAZARD –hazards such as streams, ravines, ponds, and rolling terrain
makes the course more interesting aesthetically and more challenging , from a
golfing perspective, and reduce construction cost, as fewer artificial hazards
must be constructed.

SOIL CHARACTERISTICS - soil should be fertile with good topsoil consist of well
drained, sandy loam, which is crucial to the growth of turfgrass. Soil fertility depends to
a large extent on the previous use of the land. For example, , a course built on a run-
down farm that was intensively cultivated, and poorly fed will need more frequent
fertilization to bring it up to the level required for a golf course. Several types of land that
can not be used for other development can make excellent golf course, Examples
include wetlands floodplains, drainage channels, and dry streambeds.

VEGETATION –next to slope, vegetation is the most important influence for the
overall characteristic of the course. Wooded areas for example, enhance the
visual and ecological appeal of the course by separating the fairways. At the
same time, they provide opportunities for compatible recreational uses such as
walking, cross-country skiing, and bicycling. On heavily wooded sites, a new
course looks more mature than it is. If the area is too heavily wooded, however,
the cost of clearing it will be high.

CLEARING REQUIRED–clear site always offer the advantage of lower site

preparation cost and lower environmental challenges. However, landscaping cost
are higher and the site will look unfinished for several years. The cost of clearing
site is heavily dependent on the type of vegetation to be cleared and how easily it
can be disposed of. Large mature trees are expensive to clear. It may be possible
to sell mature trees to loggers. The remaining smaller trees and other vegetation
must then be cleared. If burning is not allowed, the disposal can cost high.
MARKET – four important market-related items can be considered in designing a
course

 Relationship within the project between the golf and the real estate
 Ability level and diversity of the players
 Overall level of demand for the course
 Frequency of play by the same group of users

LAND COST –the cost of the building of a top-rated golf course runs between
$200.000 and $400.000 a hole. This translate into between $3.6 million and $7.2
million – perhaps as much as 10-12 % of . these figures include clearing, grading;
drainage, construction of tees, fairways, greens and bunkers, irrigation system,
and cart paths; seeding and grassing` building the resort

WATER SUPPLY - an 18 hole golf course needs between 1.5 and 3.5 million gallons of
water

SOURCES

 Well water can be routes into reservoir

 Stream and river can be tapped as a source of irrigation water

IRRIGATION SYSTEM - introduced in 1800. Since then, they have become very
complex. The amount of coverage has to balance the need for irrigation and the cost of
the system. In dessert area, the system has to cover the entire course, from fairways to
green and tees. In other places, either a single-row or double-row fairway system is
sufficient. A single –row system places sprinkler heads down the middle of the fairway

CLIMATE

 Affect the length of the season and cost of maintenance

 Moderate climate accommodate more rounds of golf per year

GOLF COURSE TYPES

REGULATION GOLF COURSE

 Has a par between 69 and 73, with 72 considered ideal. The course probably has
three sets of tees ranging from 5,200 to 7,200 yards in length for golfers of
varying ability. The holes making up the course are a combination of par 3s, 4s,
and 5s, and generally consist of four par 3s, often par 4s, and three par 5s.
CORE GLOF COURSES

 The oldest and most basic design. The holes are designed together and either in
a continuous sequence with starting and finishing holes at the club house or in
returning nines with two starting and finishing holes at the club house. It requires
about 140 acres and gives 10,000 feet of lot frontage.

SINGLE FAIRWAY CONTINOUS

 The single fairway continuous 18 whole course comprises holes strung together
in a long loop. It takes about 175 acres, offers 46,800 feet of lot frontage, and
requires a minimum width between developed areas of 300 feet.

SINGLE FAIRWAY WITH RETURNING NINES

 The single fairway 18 hole course with returning nines uses about acres and
offers 44,400 feet of lot frontage with a minimum width of 300 feet between
developed areas.

GOLF HOLE STYLE

GOLF HOLES ARE THE ESSENCE OF A COURSE

PENAL

 Majority of holes built in the 20th century are of this type. Hazards scattered at
random around these holes in a manner that is unfair. Given the inconsistent play
of the average golfer this makes the hole. Relatively easy for the better golfer or
difficult beginning or old players.

STRATEGIC

 Most holes today are designed as strategic, each a different risk and reward,
safer shot will cost a stroke or two. But are not as severely punished as in the
penal style.

HEROIC

 It is the combination of penal and strategic golfers that must choose between
alternatives routes to the pin, with one much more difficult than the other.

FACTORS IN DESIGNING GOLF COURSE

 1. SAFETY - to golfer and passerby
2. FLEXIBILITY – different length of trees

CLUBHOUSES

 A golf course with a resort setting needs a relatively small clubhouse of 4,000
square feet that emphasizes pro shop and lockers.

PRO SHOPS

 The area where the golf clubs and bags, clothing, balls and other accessories are
sole is a large part of a clubhouse in a resort.

GOLF CART

 Most courses allow the use of golf carts, which can provide significant revenue
while making the game more accessible to players and it may be powered by
electricity or gasoline.

CHAPTER 5

TIME SHARE RESORT

MIDDLE-AGE BABY BOOMERS

 Who want the advantages of owner a resort property with cut headache

PURCHASE MOTIVATION

1. FLEXIBILITY – owner when, where and how they purchase vacation.

2. ECONOMICS – they save money on the long term
3. CERTAINTY – about availability and quality of popular resort
4. Safety and secure environment for family vacation
PURCHASE MOTIVATION FACTORS

 Wanting to own in the resort area

 Location of the resort in the area
 Liking the timeshare unit, resort amenities, or resort features
 Confidence in the timeshare company
 Being treated well during the sales presentation
 Leaving property to heirs
 Chance to profit on rental or sale

CONSTRAINT TO BUYING TIMESHARE VACATION

1. Financial concern of purchasing and maintenance fee

2. Justification of the expense of the purchase
3. Owner worry that the resort experience will not meet the expectation created
during the sales presentation

USE PATTERN

 Exchange of timeshare – 40%

 Use their timeshare under – 40%
 Not used at a timeshare – 9%
 Rent it to others

THE TIMESHARE PRODUCT

1. OWNERSHIP
 The standard type is the deeded week
2. EXCHANGE
 The vast majority of timeshare resorts are affiliated with companies that expedite
changes to other properties.
3. BONUS TIME
 Refers to the nights that are not being used, as when the time was not sold or
was not reserved by a member under a floating time or points based system and
it is rented at a greatly reduced rate.
4. PUBLIC RENTALS
 Units that are unsold or that are made available. By owners can be rented by the
public through the resort,

REASONS FOR PURCHASING A TIMESHARE AT A RESORT

1. HOME FROM HOME OCCASIONS

 The desire for a second home
  Familiarization with the resort
 Know information about surrounding areas
 Relationship with the staff at the resort
2. SWAPPER OCCASIONS
 the desire to access to resort worldwide resort by means of exchanges
3. ACTIVITY OCCASIONS
 Where the stay is linked the specific activity such as golf or skiing
4. FAMILY HOLIDAY OCCASIONS
 Where the resorts serves as venue for family get together

POPULAR PROGRAMS FOR SELLING TIMESHARE PRODUCT

1. REFFERALS – the least expensive marketing tactics

SOURCES OF REFFERALS

 Membership of hotel. Loyalty program

 Membership from existing owners
2. IN-HOUSE GUEST – the regular guest of the resort who enjoyed their stay
3. TELEMARKETING –by engaging in cold calling – calling people off purchased list
of prospect who meet the demographic profile of timeshare owners.
4. DIRECT MAIL – promotional literature can be sent to people inviting them to visit
the property.

FORMS OF TELEMARKETER MAILS

 Letters
 Glossy advertisement
 Samples
 Foldouts

THE 5 P’S OF A SUCCESFULL MAILING PIECE

1. PICTURE – from a picture in the mind of the customer

2. PROMISE – must offer a promise that must be fulfilled

3. PROVE – the message must prove to reader that what is being promised is true.

4. PUSH – put the customer to action

5. POSTCRIPT – interest can be generated by means of a clever postscript – in a direct

mail piece. People read the letterhead, and then check to look at the signature and to
see if there is a P.S.
OPERATION

 Managing a resort is different from managing a commercial hotel in a number of

ways.
1. VISITOR MARKET
 No matter how different resort from each other, they all seek to satisfy guest in
their 3 fundamental needs;
 Desire for a change of pace, getting away from the familiar
 Desire to satisfy recreational interest while, being entertained and
stimulated
 Desire to travel to interesting and attractive places
2. FACILITIES
 The length of stay at a resort is longer than hotel, the facilities like rooms, land for
recreational facilities are definitely larger.
3. LOCATION
 Guest is attraction to resorts in remote locations to enjoy an area of natural
beauty.
4. RECREATIONAL
 A resort is a place where people go for recreation and usually specialized in one
recreational type which rely on one season of the year. To combat this, resort
have attempted to become attraction.
5. SEASONALITY
 Resort tend to experience strong seasonal. Fluctuation in demand
6. PERSONAL ATTITUDE
 A resort guest has extremely high expectation of service where they should be
pampered which places great pressure on employees to perform to a high level.

7. MANAGER
 Aside from the knowledge about room, food and beverages, marketing and
human resources management, managers should be equipped with knowledge
in two areas
 Natural resources in which the resort is based
 Guest activity program
8. RATES
 Just like hotels, that tends to offer discount on weekends, to attract business,
resort do the opposite, changing maximum rate on weekend, discount during off
and shoulder season
9. AMENITIES
  The resort should offer more than one offering of recreational activities to satisfy
guest which should be focused on the demographic, psychographic and physical
back ground of guest.
10. CORPORATE/EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY
 Since most resort hotel are located in remote areas, they constitute a major part
of the local economy of a community where the resort is located, which the
resort management takes on certain responsibility to the community, the
community is often times dependent on the resort for economic future.
Management has to take into account when making decision to lay off employees
during off seasons.
11. EMPLOYEES HOUSING
 Since resorts are located in remote areas, resort should provide housing to its
employee. Which raises issues of employees privacy and access to service.
12. LABOR SKILLS
 Because resort is seasonal, employees tend to rotate into different jobs. Both
during the season and off season to be flexible.
13. SOURCES OF REVENUE
 A lot of resort derived their revenge from souvenir arts and crafts wear as :
 Souvenir arts and crafts
 Designer resorts wear
 Recreational activities fees
 Land sale
 F and B revenues
14. ACTIVITY CONTROL
 Accounting statement is more complex in a resort as every recreational activity
and retail outlet is a potential profit center, with separate profit and loss centre.
15. BALANCE SHEET
 Land and fixed asset investment is greater in resort which chargers the look of a
balance sheet. The larger amount of land means the resort has few alternate
commercial uses. The payback period the number of years to repay the original
investment – is longer for resorts because of the larger investment in land and
other fixed assets.
16. RESORT AND TRADITION
 Tradition are more important to resort than hotel as they cater to repeat guest
who are attracted by annual festivals and theme weekend.
 CHAPTER 6

THE IMPORTANCE OF GUEST ACTIVITY

 When guest are at a resort for several days or week, they expect the facility to
cater to their need for something to do. At resort, this is met by guest activity
program. What guest actually does is called recreation.

RECREATION

 Is an activity that takes place during one’s free time, is enjoyable, freely chosen,
and benefits the individual emotionally, socially, physically, cognitively, and
spiritually.

BENEFITS OF GUEST ACTIVITY PROGRAM

  Feeling good about getting exercise
 Enjoyment of the sight and sound of nature
 Mental relaxation
 Learning something from the natural environment
 Feeling closer to the partner

CHARACTERISTIC OF A GOOD ACTIVITY PROGRAM

1. FREEDOM
 Guest must free to select the activities they want to participate.
2. PERCIEVE COMPETENCE
 Guest must be able to match their skills level to the activity such that they
feel they can successfully participate.
3. LACK OF CONTROL
 Guests need to have a degree of control over the experience, be it on
selection of team to mates or when or where. The activities will take place.
4. POSITIVE EFFECT
 The result of satisfying activity is that guests enjoy the experience after
participating.
5. APPROACH
 Recreation programs are purpose fully intervention which are deliberately
designed to produce certain behavioral outcome. The program is a means
to the end – a satisfied and fulfilled guest.

STEPS INVOLVED IN GUEST ACIVITY PROGRAM

1. Assist guest needs

2. Defined the objective of the activities that will meet guest needs
3. Perform cluster or activity analysis designed to meet objectives
4. Administer activity
5. Evaluate the experience with respect to its success in meeting guest needs.

EXTERNAL FACTOR INFLUENCING GUEST ACTIVITY PROGRAM

1. HISTORICAL INFLUENCES
 Tradition and philosophy of the resort
2. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
 Time of the year weather
3. CULTURAL INFLUENCES
 Ethnicity, age and religion of the guest
4. SOCIAL INFLUNCES
 Fans, trends, news
 5. ORGANIZATIONAL
 Values and mission of the company

GUEST NEEDS

 Guest activity could be much more meaningful to participants if the activity

director knew what guest expected from the program.

REASONS FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE GUEST ACTIVITIES

1. Make trend
2. Belong to a ground
3. Experience competition
4. Learn new skill
5. Share a talent
6. Gain prestige
7. Get in shape

NEED ASSESMENT

 Is a systematic inquiry about needs, attitudes, behavior and pattern of

both participants and non-participants, with the purpose of identifying what
is important to guests in order to better design and deliver guest activity
program that lends guest satisfied with the program and consequently the
resort.

THE INQUIRES IN CONDUCTING NEED ASSESMENT

1. Existing guest are asked what activities interest they currently undertake.
Information may be collected to create. A demographic and used profile for use
in expanding market segment or forecasting future demands existing and
purposed services.
2. People who do not used the program and who do not take part in the activities
must also be surveyed to these reasons. This can provide useful information to
improve the program to make the guest friendly.
3. National figures are available on trends in recreation. Figures can be obtained
from such sources as locals, state and national tourism board.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

 The goals and objectives of the guest activity programs must within those
set for the resort itself. Goals are broad, general, final outcomes. The
 overall goal of the resort is to produce profits for satisfying guest. Within
this frameworks guest activity goal might be to
1. Provide satisfying experience for guest
2. Aid in skill development
3. Increase guest health and well-being
4. Encourage social interaction among others

ACTIVITY ANALYSIS

 Activity analysis involves determining how each part of an activity can

contribute. To meeting goals and objectives

ACTIVITY ANALYSIS CRITERIA

1. BEHAVIORAL DOMAIN
 Cognitive, affective and psychomotor
2. SKILLED LEVEL
 from low to high
3. INTERACTION PATTERN
 from individual to group
4. LEADERSHIP REQUIRED
 From minimum to maximum
5. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
 from none to required
6. DURATION
 from a set tie through from a natural end to continuous
7. FACILITIES REQUIRED
 From none to required
8. PARTICIPANTS
 From one to any number
9. Age appropriateness

CLUSTER ANALYSIS

 Cluster analysis cluster activities that yield similar benefits. Each activity
becomes a variable, the correlation between participation in two variables
is computed, and the cluster is based on the correlation that results.

CRITERIA
 1. Degree of skills required
2. Level of activity
3. Nature of the group needed
4. Amount of risk or danger
5. Special facilities needed

FORMAT

1. Guest activity staff offer various activities in different format. Program

format is the way in which an activity is organized and structured to the
customer. Guest select which ever format they feel will allow them to
satisfy important needs and want. In determinate which program and
activities to offer, it is useful to think of the various formats into which
activity can fall.

1. INSTRUCTION
 Guest may participate in an activity for self-improvement to learn a new
skill or to develop or refine an existing one.
2. COMPETITION
 Some people participate to compete
3. SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
 Some people take part in activities for social reasons
4. TRIPS
 Activities maybe organized in the form or day or overnight trip
5. DROP-IN ACTIVITIES
 Some people prefer self-directed program. This is the most difficult to
manage and define
6. SPECIAL EVENTS
 Resort may organize special events such as festival, banquets, shows,
exhibition, in which guest could participate
7. SPECTATORS
 More of the formats offer opportunities for people who prefer watch rather
than activity participate.

PROGRAM PLANNING

1. LEADERSHIP
 The most important factors in determining the success of the program.
Selection of the appropriate leadership is certainly crucial and it involves
there steps:
 A. JOB ANALYSIS
 Task involve in the job must be identified
B. JOB SPECIFICATION
 Knowledge, skills and abilities to perform the job

C. RECRUITMENT OF SUITABLE CANDIDATES

 It is important to consider both internal and external candidates
2. BUDGETING
 The process of setting a rice for guest activity program which involves
several steps
A. Determine cost
B. Set the proportion of cost to be recovered
C. Consider the appropriateness of differential pricing
D. Set an initial price

PROGRAM COST

 Guest activity incur two type of cost

DIRECT COST

 Specific expenses related to a single item

 A program on fly-fishing might include the cost of an instruction and
brochures

DIRECT COST MAYBE:

 Fixed – it stay constant during a specified time

EX

 Salary of an instructor

VARIABLE

 Vary approximately with the volume

PRICING OBJECTIVES

 A decision must be made as to which cost are to be covered over the use
of a program activity. Different price maybe set depending on:
1. PARTICIPANTS
 Children pay less than adult
 2. PRODUCT
 One price is charged for group lesson and another for a private lesson
3. PLACE
 Better seat at a concert command high price
4. TIME
 Prices are lower during period of low demand
5. QUANTITY
 Season passes offer a discount because guest buy in bulk
6. INCENTIVE
 Prices are initially set low as an incentive to get guest to try a new activity

INITIAL PRICE

 The cost involve in running a program set the floor for the price to be
charged. The level of demand, what guests are willing to pay, sets the
ceiling for how much to charged.

SCHEDULING

 The key issue in scheduling is to offer program that meet the time need of
a resort guest there are three options:

1. SEASONAL SCHEDULE
 Certain activities are seasons-specific. a full list of program can be
developed for each season
2. MONTHLY OR WEEKLY SCHEDULE
 The time span must relate to the average length of stay
3. DAILY TIME SCHEDULE
 Depending on the pattern of activity the guest activity, to consider when
regular maintenance can be done.

FACILITY AVAILABILITY

 Facility need to be convenient and accessible to the guest. They must be

attractive and safe places in which to undertake the activity.

PROMOTING A PROGRAM

 Management communication with guest both existing and potential

through what is known as promotional mix. The goal of promotion is
behavior modification, marketer want to change or initiate the behavior of
guest such that they participate. In guest activity offered by the resort.
PROGRAM EVALUATION

 Program Evaluation is a process whereby, through systematically judging,

assessing and appraising the working of a program.

PURPOSE OF THE EVALUATION

1. To determine the value of the program

2. To determine whether programs objectives are being met

EVALUATION OF APPROACHES

1. EVALUATION OF OBJECTIVES
 In this method, the appropriateness of the objectives is determined first,
both the board program objectives and the specific behavioral objectives
for the guest.
2. EVALUATION BY STANDARD
 A standard is defined as “A Degree or level of requirement, excellence or
attainment”. To the existent that a standard can be determine for an
activity, the extent to which is met can also be measured. Where this
method easy to administer o tends to measure things that can be counted
rather than the impact of the activity on people.
3. EVALUATION BY EFFECT ON PARTICIPANTS
 The final method of evaluation is to measure the effectiveness of the
program by looking at the impact on participants. Because the result of the
guest activity is related to guest satisfaction, this method is the most
appropriate evaluation method.

ol
 CHAPTER 7

RESORT OPERATION: THE IMPORTANCE OF RETAIL

TOURISM SHOPPING

 Resort goers love to shop. One reason for almost 20 percent of all travel
journey is to shop and it is simply becoming an experience.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO SHOPPING

1. Shopping is a leisure activity

2. Higher standard of living
3. An increase sophisticated marketing by rental outlet
4. Leisure time
5. People tend to define themselves by what they buy

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHOPPING AND BUYING

 Buying involves actual purchase of something

 Shopping involve more being with other people, exercising, spending with
leisure time with trend, seeking novelty, in short, shopping is more than
simply seeking to buy a particular item.

REASONS FOR TOURIST SHOPPING

 There are number of reasons to tourist that account for their shopping habits
1. To remind them of places they have vacation in. Then motivation here is Nostalgia.
Upon returning home from the purchase can, in effect, prolong the trip as
purchases and postcards can help the memory alive.
2. Tourist interested in crests by a local artisan, buying a particular item allows tourist
to show appreciation for local workmanship while allowing them to add to personal
collection.
3. Tourist purchase is closely related to the desire for authenticity.
4. Tourist also buys gifts for people at home.

NATIONALITY AND SHOPPING

 In generalization shopping patterns vary nationality. In a study of handicraft

purchases in Gambia, it was found that;
1. GERMAN
  Prefer bright colors and abstract design featuring elephants and other wildlife.

2. BRITISH
 Buy useful items such as bowls and chess set are those with novelty or humor
value
3. SCANDINAVIA
 Prefer batik, clothing, tea towels
4. FILIPINOS
 Buy foods and clothing item
5. JAPANESE
 Spend almost there timed as much money on shopping per trip. Japanese
shopping behavior is function on the following.

STAGE PROCESS TOURIST GO THROUGH WHEN SHOPPING

1. FIRST STAGE
 Where tourists are new to destination, visitors typically purchase in expensive
item indicates by their region.
2. SECOND STAGE
 As tourist becomes more familiar with the destination they look for more
authentic. There is a desire to visit the places where the souvenirs are made
meet the people who make them. More attention is paid to detail and the tourist
is willing to spend more time and money looking for the perfect remembrance.
During the buying process, visitors distance themselves from tourist buyers.
3. THIRD STAGE
 When tourist are familiar with the destination. They look to buy items that are
truly local in nature and common place is form rather than exotic.

SHOPPING VENUES

 Tourist shop in variety of places. Souvenir shops are popular in destination as

well as in transit location. Clustered near tourist attraction, they will often sell
items that fit in with the theme of the region.

EX.

 religious items near churches, synagogues or cathedral

1. Supermarkets
2. Clothing market
3. Malls
4. Airport shopping areas
TYPES OF SOUVENIRS

 Souvenirs are either place bound or event based

1. PICTORIAL IMAGE
 Postcards, books, posters
2. PIECE OF THE ROCK
 Rocks, shell, fossils
3. SYMBOLIC SHORTHAND
 Replicas of famous attractions
4. MARKERS
 Items marked with words and logos such as coffee mugs and shot glasses
5. LOCAL PRODUCTS
 Food and drinks items. Clothing and handicrafts

RESORT RETAIL

 Retails sales are significant part of most resort operation.

DISTINCT ASPECT OF RETAIL STORES

1. Designed (the premises)

2. Merchandising (what is put on the premises)
3. Operation (what employees do)

These 3 items are interdependent. Decision regarding one aspect the other two
Strengthening areas takes some pressures off the others. If one is weakened, it shifts
more burdens onto the remaining two.

LAYOUT AND DESIGN

LAYOUT

 Retail space should take the physical characteristics of customers into amount
when designing the physical layout of the store. Consider the following:
 Most people have two hands that, rest are approximately 3 feet off the floor.
 People focuses on what is directly in front of them. This means that displays
should be offset to one side so that they can be more easily seen from an angle.
End cap refers to the displays of merchandise on the end of store aisles. To fully
appreciate the displays, customers need to walk sideways. Placing shelves o
racks of the angles – chevroning – positions the shelves at a 45-degree angle
rather than a 90-degree angle to the aisle. The problem is that a chevroning shelf
 takes up about one-fifth more floor space than the usual configuration. As a
result, a store can show only 80 percent of its merchandise.
 Peripheral vision is determined, in part, by environmental factors. Sight lines
should be taken into consideration; merchandise should not be placed so it cuts
them off. The capture rate refers to how much of what is on displays is seen by
shoppers. The reliable zone; that placement area in which shoppers will probably
see the merchandise, extends from slightly above eye level down to about the
knee level. Large items are the only merchandise that should be displayed above
or below the reliable zone. Tipping about the bottom shelf up slightly helps
visibility.
 People would rather look at people than objects. The number-one thing people
look at is other people. The most effective signs in fast-food restaurants are
those that sit on top of the cash register – more or less at the level of the
cashier’s face.
 People go in predictable paths, speed up, slow down, and top in response to
their surroundings. People in North America tend to walk to the right immediately
on entering the stores, so this area of prominence in which to place products.
This right-moving tendency is linked to the side of the road on which people
drive. In Great Britain and Australia. On the other hand, people tend to walk to
the left.
 Costumer flow is also important. In museums, for example, visitor flow should
take tourist through souvenirs shops.

TRANSITION ZONE

 When people cross the threshold of a store, they do not come to an immediate
stop. Their momentum carries them into the store through a transition zone.
Getting them to pay attention to display at the entrance requires some though on
the part of the retailer. A slightly creaky door, a squeaky hinge, or special lighting
on the doorway can clearly mark the division between the store and its outside
environment. Merchandisers are advised to avoid trying to accomplish anything
important there and to take steps to keep the transition zone. An employee can
greet customers and knowledge their presence. Shoplifting can be discouraged.
The easiest way to do this to make sure employees acknowledge the presence
of every shopper with a simple hello.

BASKET PLACEMENT

 Baskets are usually placed immediately inside the store entrance. In many
cases, costumers rush through the transition zone, by passing the baskets. At
one store, employees were trained to offer baskets to any costumers holding
three or more items. Most gratefully accepted this gesture and took the basket.
 As more people used baskets, the average Sale increased. Baskets, in fact,
should be scattered throughout the store where they most needed by costumers.
The stack should be at least 5 feet high to ensure visibility and prevent shoppers
from having to bend to get one. Shoppers hate to bend, especially when their
hands are full.

IMPULSE BUYING

 Leisure shoppers are more inclined to make impulse purchases compared to

“regular” shoppers. A variety of factors promote impulse buying.
 Low prices
 The degree to which consumers “need” the item
 Mass distribution of specific items
 Self-service operation mean faster buying and more freedom
 The amount of advertising
 Large displays in the store
 Items with short product lives
 Small, lightweight, and easy to store items are easy to buy and carry

VENDORS

 Carrying all the major lines is impossible, so resort retailer have to be selective in
their choice of vendors and items the carry. The average number of lines carried
in golf resort ranges from two (gloves and rainwear) to seven (men’s shirts). Most
carry three to four brand names in clubs. In choosing vendors, resorts should
consider the following:

MARKETING AND PULL-THROUGH

 Has a line been nationality advertised? Does it have adequate consumers’

awareness? Is the name recognizable?

PRICING POLICY

 How willing is the company to work with the resorts store on pricing, closeouts,
dating , and terms?

THE PRODUCT IS THE FOCUS

 The display should not overwhelm or take away from the product.
 The surroundings environment should take into account the product’s final use.
This might mean having electric outlets available to let consumers try out the
electrical products.
  Themes can be created to establish mini-environments within the larger store.
Cowboy-related products can benefit from a Western-themed area.
 Creative merchandising stimulates all five senses. Sight can be stimulated by
vibrant colors; touch by allowing shoppers to feel the products; smell and taste by
displays of various food items; and sound by means of back ground music.
 Selling zones can be arranged whereby similar items are grouped together to
create ambiance or to make efficient for the shoppers. T-shirts, swimwear, and
related clothing items sell better when grouped together.

MERCHANDISING PLACEMENT

 Merchandising should be displayed just slightly to the right of where customer

stands. The most popular brand should go dead center, the brand the store trying
to built just to the right of it. Positioning the most popular items hallway down the
risk encourages shoppers to pass other items on their way to the purchase.
Similarly a large graphic or hanging on a wall seems to pull shoppers toward it.

OPERATION

 The importance of employees in increasing sale cannot be overestimated. The

resort retail in the golf resorts estimate.
a. 54% of their time is spent with costumer
b. 13% record keeping
c. 10% product display

Record shows that any contact initiated by a employee increases the likelihood that a
shopper will buy something. Shopper conversion rate. The percentage of shoppers who
actually buy, increase by half when there is a staff initiated contact and jump by 100%
when there is a shopping rout. The dressing room is the most important part of any
apparel selling store as shoppers want to experience merchandise before buying it
should also be equipped with large high quality mirror

CUSTOMER SEGMENTS

HOW MEN SHOP

1. Men always movies faster through store risks

2. Men spend less time looking on the item they buy
3. Men shopper do not look at price tags
4. They are more easily upgraded to expensive item
 5. Men do not especially like the shopping experience, but they get a definite thrill
from the experience of paying
6. Men hate to ask direction. They prefer to get information firsthand from written
materials, instructional videos or computer screen.

HOW WOMEN SHOP

1. Women see shopping as a social activity

2. When two women shop together, they spend more time and money than women
shopping alone
3. They feel comfortable being waited on by a woman

OLDER SHOPPERS

1. Reading is difficult for older shopper. Type must be larger for them to read easily
2. As the corner yellow with age, yellow color should be avoided
3. Older people see a lot more black and white and red and a lot less of other
colors.

CHILDREN

1. Put merchandise where they can see it and reach it

2. Childproof the store the same way as home
3. If a parent’s sustained attention is required, someone must find a way to direct
the attention of a restless child
4. Design a good area for children sight lines that allow parents to see their children
at all times.

PROFIT RATIOS

 The two measures of sales analysis are productivity and merchandise

1. Productivity analysis – measures sales relative to the space allocated to the
goods
2. Merchandise analysis measure sales across departments of product categories
without regard to floor space

PRICE ZONE

 Priced zone can be also analyzed each product category carried ha several
ranges of price points, each one of which is designed to appeal to a particular
segment of a store’s costumers
1. Promotion zone – low end merchandise at low priced
 2. Volume zone – middle price range
3. Prestige zone – high status, high end merchandise

CHAPTER 8

SPAS, POOLS AND INDOOR WATER PARK

DEVELOPMENT OF SPAS

 The original spa was a mineral hot springs. Place in Belgium in a village called
“spau” which became popular with reason of the upper classes for reason of
health. Visits to spas include. Bathing and drinking the mineral water in addition
to mandatory social event.

EUROPEANS

 Focused on curses and health

AMERICANS

 Concentrated on the promotion or healthy lifestyle based on combination of

exercise, weight loss and pampering.

TYPES OF SPA

RESORT SPA

 Located on the property of a, normally in a resort where sports and activities are
offered besides the spa program itself. Spa guest and hotel guests intermingle.

AMENITY SPA

 Similar to resort spa. The amenity spa is added as an amenity to a hotel. The
distinction is its importance at a profit center compared to a resort spa.

DESTINATION SPA

 Is a hotel property to the spa guest focusing? Focusing in health and fitness
program.
 OUTSIDE GUEST ARE NOT A PART OF THE PROGRAM

BENEFITS

 Having a spa at a resort seems to have economic advantages for the property.
Resort general managers indicate that the spa enhances the following aspects of
their business:
 Room rate (57 percent)
 Perceive value for money (70 percent)
 Occupancy (73 percent)
 Length of stay (43 percent)
 Marketing advantages (97 percent)
 Revenue per occupied room (83 percent)
 Number of people the per occupied room (27 percent)

The spa market overwhelmingly – 70 percent – caters to women although there is an

increasing interest in spas on the part of men. In 1987 less than 10 percent of all spa
visitors were a man. That percentage is now close 30 percent. Over 80 percent of resort
guest indicate they would choose a property because of the presence of a spa.

In a 2005 survey more than a third of respondents indicated they spend more in
hotels on spa therapies than they do on fine dining and wines. The main motivations, in
order of importance are:

 Stress reduction and relaxation

 To look good/appear younger
 To feel more sexy and attractive
 Pursuing a spa lifestyle

The top ten most commonly booked spa services are identified (in ranking order) as
aromatherapy massages, facials, local, “signature” therapies, manicures, pedicures,
more “creative treatments” Ayurvedic massages, reflexology, body wraps, and
hydrotherapy programs.

Spa regulars also indicate what they dislike:

 having to appear naked for treatments, or to use a mixed sauna without bathing
suits or being bathed by strangers
 receiving hard-sell tactics to spend more on spa or beauty products
 treatments derived from chocolate or other dessert ingredients
 any evidence of lack of cleanliness or poor hygiene
 being ushered out speedily once their treatment is over
DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT

 In developing the spa concept, the facility should be planned after the program
has been agreed upon. Spas can reflect a geographic or historic sense of place
while others may take a theme – such as Asian – and plan and develop the
facilities around this. Themes should be developed around experiences that
engage the sense, induce feelings, and create memories. Themes might focus
on wellness, medical well-being, or luxury. As in all marketing, the key is develop
something the market wants which the spa can do a better job of providing
compared to the competition.
As noted above, objective of a resort is to sell rooms. It has been shown that the
presence of a spa at a resort can help sell more rooms and at higher room rate.
In addition a spa can be useful in:

 Generating additional rooms night in the off and shoulder seasons

 Expanding the shoulder season/shortening the off-season
 Generating additional revenue per occupied room during peak the season
 Being more competitive with other resort that have spas
 Giving group guests another reason to return as leisure guests
 Encouraging group guests to arrive a day early or to depart a day later
 Providing an opportunity to market the resort as an “incentive” destination for
corporate award programs
 Enhancing spouse/companion programs for convention delegates
 Providing an indoor activity during inclement weather

LAYOUT AND DESIGN

BASIC COMPONENT OF SPA

 Reception area and lounge

 Separate men’s and women’s locker rooms and facilities
 Men’s and women’s steam rooms, sauna
 Whirlpool, cool-dip pool
 Lounge which can include a juice bar and small café
 Dry treatment rooms for massage and facials
 Wet treatment rooms for body wraps and scrubs
 Hydrotherapy rooms for baths and hydro-massage therapies
 Staffed fitness studio with exercise machines
 Exercise studio classes
  Retail store
 Salon for hair, nails, and make-up

SPA EQUIPMENT

The following equipment in a spa is desirable:

FACIAL EQUIPMENT

 Full complement of facial devices and a comfortable facial bed or chair for each
room. The devices include a magnifying lamp, steamer, full machine with high-
frequency brush, and vacuum/spray. Additional accessories include paraffin
heaters, depilatory wax heaters, wood lamps for analysis, electric masks,
mittens, booties, and blankets.

BASIC BODY TREATMENT

 Massage tables. Tables should be sturdy and, for wet rooms, waterproof.
Accessories include electric bed-warmer pads and hydroculators for linen herbal
wraps.

HYDROTHERAPY

 Hydrotherapy tub, steams shower cabinet, Scotch hose, Vichy shower, Swiss
shower. The greater the number of air and water jets, the better. A power
draining system should be included to speed turnover. A manual massage hose
should also be included. Surfaces must be no staining.

SPA TREATMENT

EXFOLIATION

 Involves rubbing polishing or scrubbing of the skin or using enzymes on it, to

remove dead skin or dirt. Removed dead cells allow the skin to more easily
accept moisturizers and other.

SKIN TREATMENT

TYPES OF EXFOLIATION

1. DRY BRUSH TECHNIQUE – uses brush, wash cloth or sponge to rub the dry
skin away.
 2. SALT GLOW – it consist of rubbing special salts mixed with an oil or liquid soap
on ail part of the body. Lotion it is chargeable when done on the full body and
fallowed by a lotion application when it is a part of spot treatment.
3. BOBY POLISH – uses salt and other abrasion in rubbing the body. It exfoliates
and softens.

The skin at the same time treatment usually takes 30 to 45 minutes for the entire body
and 5 to 10 minutes for spot treatment.

FULL BODY TREATMENT

 Deals with and are intended to help the whole body and the face is usually
excluded. Treatments are intended to condition the skin or for detoxification
purposes and it seek to improve. Skin texture, color and elasticity. Full body
treatment include the following :
1. FULL BODY MUD MASK
 Mud is warmed and applied thickly and the body is wrapped in plastic or foil for
requires 20-30 minutes. A full body treatment requires 60 minutes.
2. HERBAL BODY WRAP
 Liner or muslin sheet are treated and soaked in a machine in which herbal
pouches or have been placed. The body is then covered with towels or rubber
sheet, followed by the linen or muslin sheet. Additional sheet and blankets are
laid over the body allowed to rest for 20 minutes. Wet clothes needs to be
constantly placed on the guest forehead.
3. PARAFFIN BODY WRAP
 Paraffin wraps, generate heat that helps the body perspired, thereby. Allowing
moisture and previously applied nutrient to be absorbed from the skin surface of
the body. The paraffin maybe used in conj fiction with mud or seaweed. Large
strip of gauze, cut to fit the body, are dipped in the paraffin and molded to the
body. The more layers (3 to 5) are applied, the greater the heat and the longer
the effect. After wrapping the body in plastic or foil, is rest for 15 to 20 minutes.
4. BODY MASSAGE
 There range from basic Swedish massage to sports, Deep tissue, Shiatsu,
aromatherapy and reflexology massages. They are booked for half an hour or a
full hour.
5. FULL BODY FACIAL
 Similar to facial, this involves cleaning, exfoliation, steamy massage mask and
finishing lotion and is booked 60 to 90 minutes.

6. BODY TANNING/BROWZING
  Exfoliation is fallowed the application of a tanning emulsion

SPOT TREATMENT

 It works on a specific part of the body. They include spa manicures and
pedicures, hand and foot treatment, scalp treatment, cellulite, anti stress and
bust-firming treatment, back treatments and facial.

WATER THERAPY

 Hydrotherapy has become the term for treatment using water for professional
purposes. It is commonly believed that clean surface water contains great
amount of oxygen and nitrogen and a little carbon dioxide. As such it can be
used to activate the body’s own mechanism. Water either cold or w arm, affects
blood circulation to specific areas of the body.

Warm or hot water dilates the capillary to improve distribution of nutrients and oxygen to
organ and tissue.

WARM TO HOT WATER

 Has a strong anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious action.

 Relaxes the body.
 Increases blood flow.
 Eliminates toxins by inducing perspiration.
 Reduces pain and discomfort.
 Induces fatigue through muscles relaxation.
 Makes product penetration more effective by increasing circulation.

COOL TO COLD WATER, ON THE OTHER HAND:

 Is invigorating and stimulating, and adds tone.

 Helps reduce swelling through capillary contraction.
 Has a short-time tonic effect but a long-time depressing effect.
 Increases the body’s resistance to disease.
 Can reduce pain.
 Stimulates the maintenance of skin elasticity.
 Can reduce allergic reaction tendencies.
 Can relieve headaches.
 Improves the absorption of applied substances by stimulating nerve endings.
This results in improved circulation.
Because the human body is relatively dense in water, resistance or friction is greater
than on land. As a result, exercising in water can accomplish more than the same effort
made on land. Here are some forms of water therapy:

 Hydrotherapy refers to the use of water for well-being

 Balneotherapy uses baths for beauty and therapeutic purposes
 Thalassotherapy refers to the used of seaweeds or seawater for beauty and
therapeutic reasons. Seawater is close to blood plasma in composition. The
minerals salts in seawater helps skin cells take in more oxygen and draw toxins
out of the body.
 Herbal baths use natural herbs or essences of baths for therapeutic purposes.
 Aromatherapy baths utilized oils for the same purpose as herbal baths.
 Whirlpool baths use water or air jets to give a bubbling effect. One type of
whirlpool bath is the Jacuzzi, introduced in 1968 by Roy Jacuzzi and
manufactured by the company the bears his name.

Hydrotherapy tubs have between 30 and 150 jets that can be operated at different
pressures for therapeutic underwater massage. They are designed to be used by one
person at a time.

 Clients should wait 30 minutes to an hour after eating and 15 to 20 minutes after
vigorous exercise and should not have recently consumed any alcohol.
 Clients should use the rest room and have warm shower prior to the session. The
shower warms and relaxes muscles, which helps reduce tension.
 Treatment is more effective if the client is the nude.
 After treatment, clients should be given water or juice, preferably orange juice, to
replace lost potassium.
 During treatment, a cool, not cold, cloth can be applied to the head. Cool, not
cold, water can be offered as well.
 Clients should never be left alone during treatment less they fall asleep or faint.

THE TUB

 The tub itself should drain quickly. Temperatures range from 98 to 105F for a hot
bath. Anything over 105F causes blood pressure to fall dramatically and
consequent heart stress. Water and air flow in the tub increases water
temperature.
 Treatments usually start at 15 minutes and work up to 30 minutes maximum Rest
times between sessions should equal the time in the tub. A 30 minutes session in
the tub should be followed by 30 minutes of rest before commencing another tub
 treatment. Typically, however, a slimming or anti cellulite hydrotherapy programs
involves treatment two to three times a week. A typical 30-minutes treatment
consists of ten minutes of water jets working from the feet to the back of the
neck, ten minutes of underwater massage or additives, and ten minutes of
relaxation with gentle bubbling.

Underwater massage is accomplished by way of a hose, which is kept underwater and

through which air is forced. Movements begin at the feet and work toward the heart.

Tree types of tub treatment are typical:

 Plain water baths, which involve no additives but may include underwater
massage
 Thalassotherapy baths, which add seaweed, seawater, sea salt, or sea mud
 Aromatherapy or herbs baths, which add herbs or oils

Most baths are based on relaxation, stimulation, and invigoration. The following oils is
recognized for each of these:

 Relaxing – lavender, chamomile

 Stimulating – rosemary, thyme, pine
 Contouring – pine, thyme, juniper

SHOWERS

TYPE OF SHOWER TREATMENT

 Warm-ups and rinses – initial shower, shampoo, and rinse for cleansing
purposes.
 Cold water – taken after a warm shower for the purpose of invigorating the body
 Rinsing – one minute shower between treatment steps.
 Swiss shower – surrounds the guest with 8 to 16 streams of water that can be
concentrated to specific body areas from the upper torso to the thighs. This mild
form of water pressure therapy uses alternating warm and cold water.
 Vichy shower – used in a wet water room that’s tiled floor to ceiling. Several
showerheads direct water to guest as they lie on a bed or table. Hot and cold
water pulse alternately. This shower is usually used after a salt, mud, or seaweed
treatment in the same room.
 Steam room, shower, or cabinet – causes the body to perspire, helping eliminate
toxins, stimulate circulation, and increase respiration. Should be followed by a
cool shower or product application.
 Scotch hose or shower – a strong steam of water targeted specific areas of the
body to increase circulation and break up fat deposit. The guest stands at a wall,
 holding onto handles, while a technicians shoots water from a device like fire
hose from a distance of 8 to 10 feet.

MASSAGE

 Massage offers a number of benefits to guests. It causes an increase in blood

circulation that helps improve nutritional exchanges and eliminate wastes and
toxins. Soreness and discomfort in the muscles is relieved. Massage has a
sedative effect on the nervous system. Stress is reduced as the body relaxes.
Skin texture and softness is improved. Finally, it just feels good!

EFFLEURAGE MASSAGE

 The classic Swedish effleurage massages consist of a gentle touch and a soft
stroke that is directed toward the heart. Typically, the massage begins on the
front of the guest, and then proceeds to back. Movements go from the foot to the
thigh of one leg, and then are repeated on the other foot and leg. Attention is
then given to the arms, moving from the hand to the upper arm on.

AROMATHERAPY

 Aromatherapy refers to the “therapeutic use of aromatic essences from plants in

treatment for beauty and well-being”. These essences can come from flowers,
stems, leaves, roots, bark, or an entire plant and are extracted by various means
to produce a pure aromatic essence. It takes, for example, 60,000 petals to
produce an ounce of Bulgarian rose oil.

Oils affect the body in two ways: physiologically, and psychologically.

Physiologically, oils enter the body by infusion (through a room diffuser), by bathing with
compresses, and through massage of the skin. Essential oils easily penetrate the skin
and, as a result, are used as curatives in holistic medicine. They affect various bodily
systems are follows:

 Skin – dissolve dead surface cells, increase cell turnover, stimulate metabolism.
Improve texture.
 Glands – soothe and tone
 Muscles – relive fatigue, reduce soreness, improve elasticity
 Blood and lymph – facilitate smooth flow, increase waste elimination

CLIENT PREPERATION

 While some guest may be familiar with spa techniques, it is likely that many will
be unaware of basic spa practices. One area that is particularly sensitive is the
need to undress prior to treatments. The vast majority of spa treatments involve
 the technicians seeing only that the part of the body being immediately worked
on. However, guests may not be aware of this and will probably need
reassurance. As noted earlier, this issue is particularly important when the
employee and guest are of the opposite sex.
 First time visitors to the spa should fill out a form indicating basic demographic
information together with a brief medical history, what products are presently
being used on the body and face, and a section on lifestyle habits. A technical
analysis is appropriate in the following areas:
 Skin type
 Skin conditions
 Nails: type and condition
 Massage: areas of stress; types of massage; result
 Skin texture/color

ROOM SET UP

WET ROOMS

 Wet rooms are made so they can get wet without damaging the room. Most are
tiles all the way to the ceiling and have floor. That is sloped to allow fast
drainage. Ceilings are made of water proof materials. Rooms are typically 9 to 12
feet and have both shower for guest use and a hand held hose for easy cleaning.

TREATMENTS ADMINISTERED IN A WET ROOM

1. Hydrotherapy tub treatments

2. Vichy and other shower room treatment
3. Scotch hose treatment
4. Salt glows, mud mask and seaweed wraps

DRY ROOMS

 Measures and by 10 feet and typically untilled. A sink in the room is useful for
preparing treatment bowl. A shower should be available. Dry rooms are best
used for massage. It should have pipe-in music and should have a dimmer.

Combination dry and wet room’s treatments can be combined with hydrotherapy and
massage.

Sample combinations include:

1. Massage, manicure, pedicure

 2. Hydrotherapy tub treatment, full-body seaweed mask
3. Salt glow tub, Vichy shower, full-body mud treatment
4. Aromatherapy body massage, facial, mud body wrap, spa manicure, pedicure,
scalp treatment, hairstyle, make-up
5. For men, anti-aging facial treatment, muscle relaxing massage, aromatherapy
scalp treatment, cleansing manicure and pedicure.

TRENDS

A number of ongoing trends can be seen in the spa industry.

SPA DESIGN

 Over recent years, spas have increased, sometimes dramatically, the quality of
their interior design. Hydro-therapeutic showers and tubs, mosaic and glass tiling
are combining with everything from “spa” apparel to “spa” luggage.

LIVE AT SPA

 Emerging “spa communities” will provide body boomers with important lifestyle
requirements features for real estate ventures.

LUXURY BECOMES ULTRA-LUXURY

 The luxury end of the market will become even more luxurious offering such thing
as daily private spiritual and wellness counseling,
ruby/diamond/emerald/sapphire massage oil, four hour massage, three-therapist
treatments, underwater spas, private hotel/spa rooms, and a slate of ultra-chic
big-name designer spas.

SPA-GOERS BECOME SPA “GOAL-ERS”

 Travels will hit destination and resort spas to achieve increasingly focused
personal goals, such as quitting smoking, grief recovery, or spiritual awareness.
Spas will ramp up their education programs and workshops.

SPA RX

 Medical spas will continue to thrive as they blend traditional medical expertise
with spa luxury and innovation.

SPA CRUISE SERVED UP FOR MASS CONSUMPTION

 Spa-inspired food will become everyday fare with an increase in spa cookbooks,
soa cooking classes, and spa chefs.
ECO-SPAS THRIVE

 Eco-spas will provide guests with environmentally friendly destination offering

spa products (all organic ingredients), wash dishes (vinegar instead of soap),
room lighting (solar panels and fluorescent bulbs).

SWIMMING POOL

Types of swimming pools commonly used by resort:

 Lap pools with lane for swimmer

 Sport poll of consistent depth for exercise and games
 Reflecting pool to complement picturesque landscaping
 Traditional diving pool with deep end for safe diving
 Splash pool for wading and family fun

MAINTENANCE

According to some experts, an attractive pool is one of the most visible and cost-
effective resort amenities. Keeping the pool attractive requires constant maintenance.

KNOW YOUR CHEMISTRY

 The single most important factor in extending the life of the pool and reducing
repairs is keeping the water chemistry in balance. An automated water chemistry
control system measure chlorine and pH levels every three seconds and
automatically dispenses the right amount of the chemicals into the pool. These
systems cost between $3,000 and $5,000 but pay for themselves after two years
due to saving on chemicals and manpower.

RENOVATIONS

 Exposed-aggregate pool finished, such as Diamond Bright and Krystal Krete,

cost 15 percent more than regular finished but last longer and are easier to
maintain. Desk can be spruced up with emulsions or concrete pavers in different
shapes, texture, and colors. Adding lighting for evening ambience completes the
effect.

STARTING OVER

 There comes a time when it is cheaper to tear out the pool and start over rather
than to repair it. If your pool is over 30 years old, this be may the better strategy.
 During pool replacement is a good time to integrate changes in construction such
as larger multipurpose.

SAFETY

Because of liability concerns the presence of pools represents a difficult challenge for
management. Management has to be particularly concerned with:

RESPONSIBLE ADULT SUPERVISION

 Many resort post sign indicating that guests swim at their own risk and have no
lifeguard. This is no substitute for having responsible adult supervision in the
pool, spa, or hot tub areas.

DRAINS, SUCTION FITTINGS, AND JETS

 Grates and covers help prevent body or hair entrapment. Covers must meet
specific safety standards. Safety doors should be installed in all pool cleaner wall
section lines.

DIVING

 All diving boards, platforms, or slides must be consistently inspected to ensure

compliance with industry standards.

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

 All equipment should be inspected by a licensed electrician to ensure everything

is properly grounded, bonded, and protected.

LADDERS, STEPS, AND HANDRAILS

 There should be adequate safe-entry and safe-exit methods at boyh ends of a

pool and two side of a hot tub or spa.

DROWNING PREVENTION

 Routinely inspects all gates; have staff train in CPR

WATER CLARITY

 Ensure that circulation and filtration systems are working properly to provide
clear water.

WATER CHEMISTRY
  Pools need regular sanitizing and chemical balancing

HEATERS

 Heaters must be properly bonded and ventilated with features to prevent

overheating.

WATER PARKS

 A recent trend in the resort and hotel has been the development of indoors water
park. Hotel with indoor water park have been shown to produce higher
occupancies and room rates compared to hotel with ordinary swimming pool.
This is especially true of shoulder month when occupancy drops from that of the
peak summer week. The major reason for resort success are
 Seasonal resorts gain year round appeal.
 Elimination of weather – related vacation risk.
 Wide-appeal of water-based recreation.
 Increasing demand for short drive to getaway vacation.
 Themes with varying level of appeal.
 Location proximate to customer base and within established family vacation
market.

An indoor water park resort can be defined as a lodging establishment containing as

aquatic facility with a minimum of 10,000 square feet of indoor water park space and
exclusive of such amenities as slides, tubes and variety of indoor water featured. A
water park with less than 10,000 square feet of indoor water park space is considered
as a hotel with water features. The size of the water park will be dictated by the result of
a market and feasibility study. An industry rule of thumb indicate that a 100 to 150
rooms hotel maybe able to generate enough additional income to support the
investment of a 15,000 to 20,000 square foot indoor water park.

SIZE OF WATER PARK NUMBER OF SQUARE

FEET
IN SQUARE FEET PER GUEST ROOM

50,000 273

40,000 – 49,000 183

30,000 – 39,000 130

20,000 – 29,000 98
10,000 – 19,000 100