AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE

(AAE011)

By
Dr. P K Mohanta
and
Dr. Y D Dwivedi

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 UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION TO
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE

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 AIR-BREATHING ENGINES
 The role and design mission of
an aircraft
 Performance requirements and
mission profile
 Aircraft design performance
 The standard atmosphere
 Off-standard and design
atmosphere
 Measurement of air data
 Air data computers
 Equations of motion for
performance
 The aircraft force system
 Total airplane drag estimation
 Drag reduction methods
 The propulsive forces
 The thrust production engines
 Power producing engines
 Variation of thrust
 Propulsive power and specific
fuel consumption with altitude
and flight speed
 The minimum drag speed
 Minimum power speed
 Aerodynamic relationships for a
parabolic drag polar
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Total Drag

Drag breakdown possibilities

 UNIT –I
AIR-BREATHING ENGINES
Total Airplane Drag Estimation

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 Aspect Ratio

𝑏 𝑏.𝑏
Chord
AR= =
𝑐 𝑐.𝑏
 UNIT –I
AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

Total Airplane Drag Estimation

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 UNIT –I
AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

Total Airplane Drag Estimation

Factors Affecting Drag

Shape and size

Velocity and inclination to flow
Mass, Viscosity, Compressibility

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Drag Polar
 HOW TO ESTIMATE INDUCED DRAG

 For all wings in general

 Define a span efficiency factor, e (also called span efficiency
factor)
 Elliptical planforms, e = 1
 The word planform means shape as view by looking down
on the wing
 For all other planforms, e < 1
 0.85 < e < 0.99
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C
C D ,i  L Goes with square of CL
eAR Inversely related to AR

Span Efficiency Factor Drag due to lift

 DRAG POLAR
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C
C D  cd  L
eAR
Total Drag = Profile Drag + Induced Drag

cd {
OVERALL AIRPLANE DRAG

Drag for complete airplane, not just wing

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CL C L2
C D  Cd  CD  CD,0 
eAR eAR
Wing or airfoil Entire Airplane

Engine Nacelles Tail Surfaces

Landing Gear

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 UNIT –I
AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

Total Airplane Drag Estimation

Shape Affecting Drag

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 UNIT –I
AIR-BREATHING ENGINES
Drag Reduction Methods

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Rib lets
Boundary Layer Suction
Hybrid Layer Flow Control
Boundary Layer Flow Control
Wing Tips /Wing Lets
Vortex generators
 Questions
Thank You!