Multiple Choice

Direction: On your separate answer sheet, Write the letter of the BEST answer.
1. ________________ behavior is behavior that a large number of people view as
reprehensible and intolerable:
A. Criminal
B. Antisocial
C. Deviant
D. Anomic
2. Which of the following statements is true according to the sociological study of deviance?
A. Deviant behavior is an anomaly in social life.
B. Deviance varies by culture and historical period.
C. Deviance exists independently of a culture's norms.
D. The same things are deviant in all societies.
3. Deviance is dysfunctional in that it:
A. Can impair and undermine organized social life.
B. Increases our willingness to play our roles.
C. Increases our willingness to contribute to the larger social enterprise.
D. Enhances our trust of one another.
4. Which of the following is true about the social functions of deviance?
A. Deviance is not functional for society.

B. Deviance can strengthen group norms and solidarity.

C. Deviance maintains the status quo.
D. Enforcement of the boundaries of deviance only serves the interests of the powerful.
5. Those who view social control as an indispensable requirement for social life are using
the ________________ perspective.
A. Functionalist
B. Conflict
C. symbolic Interactionist
D. relativist
6. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of social control processes?
A. conforming with peers
B. internalizing norms
C. structuring social experience
D. employing formal and informal sanctions
7. Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction against deviant behavior?
A. Imprisonment
B. a fine

C. school detention
D. gossip
8. Which of the following terms refers to the social condition in which people find it difficult to
guide their behavior by norms that they experience as weak, unclear, or conflicting?
A. social disorganization
B. anomie
C. deviance
D. dislocation
9. It is very important to Suzanne to do well in school, so she regularly cheats on tests.
According to Merton's structural strain theory, Suzanne is a(n):
A. Conformist.
B. Innovator.
C. Ritualist.
D. Retreatist.
10. Fred is a very intelligent student. Last year he was on the honor roll. Recently he began
hanging out with friends who spend more time playing video games than studying; they

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 routinely earn C's and D's. Over time, Fred slowly stops doing his homework and turning
in work for extra credit. He drops out of his honors classes, and his grades drop from
mostly As to Cs. Which theory of deviance best explains what has happened here?
A. structural strain theory
B. social control theory
C. differential association theory
D. anomie theory
11. According to conflict theorists:
A. Criminal prosecution of deviance serves all members of society.
B. The capitalist ruling class protects the masses.
C. Criminal acts are acts that the ruling class brands as criminal.
D. Adolescents learn crime from subcultures.
12. Labeling theorists contend that:
A. Those in power choose to label things that are against their interests as deviant.
B. Some acts, such as rape, are always labeled criminal.
C. Labeling people as deviant has no effect on their behavior.
D. After being labeled deviant, people think of themselves as deviant and act accordingly.
13. Travis Hirsch argues that young people's strong four-part bond to society favorably
influences their social conformity. Which of the following is NOT one of the four parts of
this bond?
A. Affection
B. Involvement
C. Attachment
D. Commitment
14. In their study of deviance, control theory advocates would ask:
A. Why are people deviant?
B. Why are people not deviant?
C. How does labeling contribute to deviance?
D. How does social control cause deviance?
15. In order for a deviant act to be considered a crime:
A. The state must undertake the political process of criminalizing it.
B. It must be committed by someone labeled a criminal.
C. It must involve the violation of a person or property.
D. The majority of the population must consider the act criminal.
16. White-collar and corporate crimes:
A. Are committed by relatively affluent people, often in the course of business activities.
B. Are not very costly compared to the dollar cost of other crimes
C. Are crimes the average person is less likely to experience compared to street crime.
D. Usually result in severe punishment for those who are caught.
17. Which of the following statements accurately describes the importance of groups in social
life?
A. The social support and feedback of others hinders us as we try to confront difficulties.
B. Accidents, alcoholism, psychiatric disorders, tuberculosis, and even death rates are
higher among people who live with more than seven others in a group-living situation.
C. The most effective strategy for undergraduate success is to abstain from group
interaction, because it slows down one's individual learning process
D. Increased interaction in groups can affect a person's health and academic
performance positively.
18. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of
security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. This represents a(n)
_______________ tie.
A. Anticipatory
B. Expressive
C. Family
D. Instrumental
19. Which type of group has mostly expressive ties?
A. a primary group
B. a secondary group

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 C. a reference group
D. an in-group
20. Which of the following is NOT a function of a primary group?
A. Socialization
B. meeting personal needs
C. social control
D. accomplishing a specific, practical goal
21. A group with which we identify and to which we belong is called a(n):
A. in-group.
B. reference group.
C. secondary group.
D. relative group.
22. Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary group?
A. students in a classroom
B. workers in a restaurant
C. a family
D. an ethnic group
23. Which of the following accurately describes in-groups and out-groups?
A. They can be thought of as "we-groups" and "they-groups," respectively.
B. They highlight the importance of family ties.
C. They are almost always based on territory (e.g., a neighborhood or nation-state).
D. They are easily bridged by those who wish to share the other group's identity.
24. Which of the following statements is true of reference groups?
A. A person is always a member of his or her reference group.
B. People use reference groups to appraise life and shape actions and attitudes.
C. Reference groups provide comparative, but not normative, functions.
D. Reference groups are groups to which we refer in our conversations.
25. When individuals work in groups, they:
A. work harder than when they work alone.
B. work less hard than when working alone.
C. feel they must work harder to prove their value to the group.
D. may engage in intergroup relativism.
26. When people face a conflict between their individual interests and the interests of a group
they belong to, they are facing:
A. a social dilemma.
B. a bureaucratic problem.
C. the iron law of oligarchy.
D. a pressure to conform.
27. Groups deliberately created for the achievement of specific objectives are called:
A. bureaucracies.
B. formal organizations.
C. informal organizations.
D. task hierarchies.
28. What is the term for associations that members enter and leave freely (e.g., the PTA)?
A. coercive organizations
B. total institutions
C. utilitarian organizations
D. voluntary organizations
29. Which of the following statements is true of an informal organization?
A. It consists of the interpersonal networks that arise in a formal organization.
B. It is defined and prescribed by the formal organization.
C. It develops because rules are too specific to provide workable solutions for general
situations.
D. It increases the hassle of "red tape."
30. Which of the following is NOT a way to make work more humane?
A. promoting more worker participation in decision making
B. allowing flexible work schedules
C. providing company child-care centers

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 D. promoting larger work groups
31. The authors tell about abused and neglected children who were isolated from human
contact. These stories demonstrate that humans are shaped by:
A. physical environment.
B. human interaction.
C. biology and genes.
D. nature.
32. ____________________ is the process of social interaction by which people acquire the
knowledge, attitudes, values, and behaviors essential for effective participation in society.
A. Culture
B. The definition of the situation
C. Social communication
D. Socialization
33. ________________ is a form of learning using punishment and reinforcement to shape
behavior.
A. Conditioning
B. Personal efficacy
C. Reflexive behavior
D. Egocentric bias
34. ____________________ is the theoretical perspective that views social life as similar to
performances staged in a theater.
A. Impression management
B. The Thomas theorem
C. The looking-glass self
D. The dramaturgical approach
35. According to Erik Erikson's Eight Stages of Development, which of the following is one of
the predominant social settings in adulthood?
A. the neighborhood
B. work
C. peer groups
D. out-groups

CHOICES FOR TEST II

A B C D E
Goffman Role Exit Conflict Social Structure Mead
Coercion Values Role Strain Socialization Culture
Group Language Status Material Role Conflict
Role Non-Material Piaget Ethnocentrism Symbols
Sociobiology Cooley Subculture Coalition Wilson

TEST II. Identification

Direction: Identify the name, concept, theory being described in each statement. Write the
Word of the BEST answer.

36. He/She illustrated that human beings’ ability to shape their social world unfolds gradually
as the result of both biological maturation and social experience. PIAGET
37. He/She emphasized the presentation of self through a process he called impression
management GOFFMAN
38. He/She maintained that we gain a sense of self by acting toward ourselves in much the
same fashion that we act toward others. MEAD
39. The formation of the self – the set of concepts we use in defining who we are – is a
central part of the socialization process. COOLEY
40. Is the lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and
learn culture. SOCIALIZATION
41. Reflects beliefs, values, concepts, customs. NON MATERIAL CULTURE
42. The systematic study of the biological basis of social behavior in every kind of organism.
SOCIOBIOLOGY

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43. He/She believes that human social behavior rests on a genetic foundation. WILSON
44. Is the enduring pattern of social behavior including statuses, roles, norms and institutions
that constitute relatively stable relations in society. SOCIAL STRUCTURE
45. Is a position in a particular social pattern. STATUS
46. Includes the behavior that goes with but is distinct from the status. ROLE
47. Is the process in which the parties struggle against one another for a commonly prized
object. CONFLICT
48. Is a process of being forced to act against one's will, as in slavery. COERCION
49. Refers to the beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that, together, form a people's
way of life. CULTURE
50. Defined as anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share
culture. SYMBOLS
51. Reflects a society’s values and a society’s technology, the knowledge that people apply
to the task of living in their surroundings. MATERIAL CULTURE
52. Broad principles that underlie beliefs, specific statements that people hold to be true.
VALUES
53. A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another. LANGUAGE
54. Cultural patterns that distinguish some segment of a society’s population. SUB CULTURE
55. Is the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture.
ETHNOCENTRISM
56. Occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by
the same person. ROLE CONFLICT
57. Two or more people who are bound in stable patterns of social interaction, with a sense of
unity. GROUP
58. Difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and
expectations. ROLE STRAIN
59. Process of disengagement from a role central to one’s self-identity in order to establish a
new role and identity. ROLE EXIT
60. Temporary or permanent alliance geared toward common goal. COALITION

CHOICES FOR TEST III

A B C D E
Moral Informal Secondary Goffman Material
Values Formal control Society Violation Workgroups

Test III. ANALOGY

Direction: Evaluate each item and shade the appropriate letter that will complete the analogy.
61. Culture : way of life
_____C_____ : structure
62. Non-Material : belief
_____E_____ : tools
63. _____A_____ : principles
Language : symbols
64. Cooley : glass self
_____D_____ : dramaturgical
65. Kohlberg : ______A____
Piaget : Cognitive

66. Deviance : _____D_____

Social Control : Conformity
67. Informal Control : Smile
_____B_____ : arrest
68. Primary : intimate
____C______ : impersonal

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69. Primary : family
Secondary : ______E_____

70. Formal : association

_____B_____ : simultaneous

TEST IV: True or False

Direction: Shade Letter A if the statement is TRUE. Shade Letter E if the statement is
FALSE.

71. Books, buildings, physical objects are examples of non material culture. FALSE
72. Mores does not have great moral and social significance. FALSE
73. Verbal language is the only means of communication. FALSE
74. Values are culturally defined standards by which people judge desirability. TRUE
75. Society does not provide the context within which our relationships with the external world
develop. FALSE
76. Law is non-governmental social control. FALSE
77. All humans are deviant in one way or another. TRUE
78. Informal social control is carried out by the authorized agents of society. FALSE
79. Socialization does not end. FALSE
80. Social experience is the foundation of personality. TRUE