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Introduction
One measure that would prove to carry this principle is the conduct of
Pre-Fire Plans in every barangay or community. By creating a pre-emptive
fire response system, detailed with a hazard analysis of the community,
and the collaborative efforts to be undertaken by the local authorities
during the emergency, fire prevention will be at its best. However, the
problem of how stations are to go about this arises because there are no
supporting documents on the procedures for the pre-fire planning
program to be executed. Also the Fire Code in Div. 7 primarily focuses on
the pre-fire planning of to-be-developed communities and not on existing
communities and the fire incident itself.
The root idea is for the creation of a plan for pre-fire incident prevention,
for pre-disaster preparedness, for fire incident response, and for disaster
response with the involvement of local authorities. Unfortunately, the
response to this idea by personnel in the field has been that of minimum
compliance with the requirement. While compliance is in order, the
actual goal of the initiative is for both the intensive prevention of fire
incidents and the attainment of rigorous preparedness for fire incidents
and natural calamities. It is in this light that this manuscript is created.
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MODULE 1: OPLAN LIGTAS NA
PAMAYANAN
What is OLP?
OPLAN LIGTAS NA PAMAYANAN is the BFP’s response to the ever-
growing demand for a more adoptive, comprehensive and immersive
fire protection program for the communities, rural and urban villages
and barangays. It sums up the agency’s new and improved approach
of providing a fire protection plan that will truly produce results. It
targets the most basic issue or the root of the problem of why there are
uncontrolled and ever-increasing fire incidents in residential areas and
bridges the gap by providing holistic and scientific solutions. In the past
27 years of the BFP, various fire prevention activities had been
implemented along with innovations that, in a way, brought tangible
results. But the weak efforts and the varying directions taken rendered
the programs ineffective. In essence, OLP effectively replaces all
activities and programs previously implemented by the agency (e.g.
Ugnayan sa Barangay) and redirects all efforts into few but
encompassing activities.
GOALS:
OBJECTIVES:
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Chapter 1. OLP Component Activities
A community that collectively plans and prepares for any event has
the biggest possibility of survival when “it” happens. The concept of
detailed community planning can never be discounted as an
important tool in building a resilient, well-coordinated and self-
reliant people.
Activity Objectives:
Activity Output:
Activity Objectives:
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2. 100% of all established CFAG members trained and
re-trained annually;
Activity Output:
Activity Objective
Output
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Activity Objectives:
Output
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Evaluation or Turning Point Phase. Two years after the
implementation of the plan, the evaluation phase for the programs
under this plan shall start. The feedback from the implementing units
shall be collated and studied to further enhance all the activities
that need improvement or termination. There shall be an impact
analysis conducted at every end of the year prior to and during the
evaluation phase to determine whether the stated objectives and
goals are being achieved. The results of the impact analysis shall
serve as basis for policy support, plan update, or further
development of programs.
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personnel accounting and other related concerns
of this program or its component activities.
b) Issue corresponding directives in support of the
fulfillment of this plan and its component activities.
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c) Ensure the inclusion of community-based programs
in plans and projects as part of fire prevention
initiatives of the BFP.
d) Issue corresponding directives in support of the
fulfillment of this plan and its component activities.
1.7 BUDGETING
Notes!
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MODULE 2: HANDANG PAMAYANAN
AND BAYANIHAN PROGRAM
Overview
The user:
The BFP Personnel. This module is prepared for the use of BFP personnel
to be designated as Kaagapay sa Barangay as they implement the
activities and programs in the program for purposes of uniformity and
unison in execution of the program from concept to delivery to output.
The audience:
Module Objectives
Expected Output
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Chapter 1. The CFPP Workshop
In this chapter, the conduct of the CFPP workshop is laid out for the
facilitator to observe. Discussions and topics are suggested as well
as the proper and timely use of the annexed forms that would
facilitate with ease the planning process. Facilitators are advised to
follow these procedures for uniformity. However, in order to ensure
that points are delivered properly, the translation to local dialects of
the discussions is advised. The use of vernacular language and
synonymous words to the subjects discussed can also be made.
• Barangay Captain,
• Barangay Councilors,
• Barangay Secretary and Treasurer
• Barangay Health Workers
• Chief of the Barangay Police (Barangay Tanod)
• Members of the Barangay Tanod and BPATS
• Barangay Bantay-Sunog Team Leaders/Sitio Leaders
• Other barangay workers/employees/officials
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Field Survey
Documents Needed:
1. Location Map of the Barangay
2. Risk-Vulnerability Checklist (CFPP-RVC)
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The Planning Workshop
I: Preparatory
- Prayer and National Anthem
- Introductions (Pagpapakilala) by the Facilitators and the
Attendees
- Setting of the Rules (See next sub-chapter)
- Setting of Expectations and Commitment (See next sub-
chapter)
II: Wrap Up
- Finalization of Outputs
Documents Needed:
1. Slide Presentation
2. CFPP Planning Tools (See Annex)
3. Large Scale Location Map of the Barangay
4. Risk-Vulnerability Checklists
I: Preparatory
Start the workshop the right way: the basics, a prayer and the
National Anthem is necessary, followed by the introductions. Each
member of the BFP team, starting with the team leader, should
properly introduce himself or herself, especially the Bumbero sa
Barangay designated personnel. This will be followed by the
introduction by each of the participants. A lively atmosphere can
motivate the attendees, setting up interest for the rest of the
workshop.
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This will be followed by setting the rules. Rules are important in order
to maintain a straight path in the entire workshop, or keep things in
line. The following rules can be applied:
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II: Workshop Proper
This talk deals with the definition of the CFPP. The pointers and
suggested discussions are presented in Chapter 1, although further
elaboration of the points is highly encouraged. Sighting concrete
examples on points like actual fire incidents within the area can
leave a strong impact and gain interest in the participants.
Talk 2: Assess
Format: Combined lecture and table-top exercises
Duration: 90 minutes lecture; 120 minutes table-top exercise
Lecture Guide: Module 2 Chapter 2, Talk 2: Assess
Talk 3: Prepare
Format: Combined lecture and table-top exercises
Duration: 45 minutes lecture; 90 minutes table-top exercise
Lecture Guide: Module 2 Chapter 2, Talk 3: Prepare
This chapter continues from the previous session. The action plan will
be made and the fire response data detailed for ease of work,
CFPP planning tools are to be used.
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Talk 4: Test and Improve
Format: Pure Lecture
Duration: 45 minutes lecture
Lecture Guide: Module 2 Chapter 2, Talk 4-5: Test and Improve
III: Wrap Up
The CFPP workshop shall conclude with the preparation of the
following:
C. CFPP Checklists
(Attach all Risk-Vulnerability Checklists used in every S
Sitio/Purok)
D. Organized Community Fire Auxiliary Group
The local fire station shall have a copy of the output while the
BFP team shall consolidate all plans.
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Chapter 2. The CFPP Workshop Lectures
The following subjects are the prepared discussions for the CFPP
workshop. It is vital for the facilitators to first understand the general
to specific concept behind each subject for them to deliver the
discussion properly.
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1.2 Key concept of Fire Protection Planning
Collaborative.
Comprehensive.
Series or Cyclical
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The contingency planning process can be broken down into three
basic questions:
Factual
There are many reasons why there should be a Pre-Fire Plan in every
building and community, but the following are the most important.
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b) It reduces damage to property – As soon as a fire is detected, a
well-informed individual responds appropriately. And this immediate
response is what saves lives and property. The faster the fire is put
out or controlled, the less the damage. Although damage to a
scorched property might not be avoidable, reducing damage is
vital. A well thought-out fire response system can help in minimizing
damage. Neighboring properties may be saved as well. Most
importantly, by identifying the possible causes of fire first hand,
those anomalies can be corrected minimizing the chances of fire
breaking out.
c) The law requires it – Republic Act 9514 or the Fire Code of the
Philippines of 2008 mandates that in order to promote safety in
cases of fire and emergency, every building and community must
have a workable pre-fire emergency plan in order to respond
quickly and save lives and property. The Mission statement of the
Bureau of Fire Protection itself states that the efforts of the Bureau to
protect lives and property must be done with the active
involvement of the community. Similarly, Republic Act 10121
commonly known as the NDRRM Act of 2010 requires all local
government units to prepare for all forms of disaster including
human activity induced incidents such as fire.
What is a CFPP?
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These components are the trinity of the CFPP, for each complements
the others for better results. As in the three-pronged fire triangle, the
CFPP trinity requires three components working together or the
effectiveness of the program gets compromised. This relationship can
be illustrated by defining each of the component parts and
understanding its role in the completion of the objective of the
program. These components pave the way for the various activities of
the CFPP.
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Similarly, identifying these hazards and properly understanding its
nature, characteristics and behavior is critical in conducting simulated
response scenarios. This is what makes every response procedure in this
plan a tactical defense strategy as they are scientific and holistic.
What to consider?
Not only the population density that matters, but also their
sociology. A family’s social and financial capabilities will can
be seen in the type of residence they are to dwell in. A not so
well-off family would have houses made of materials
affordable to them with amenities of the least safety
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treatment. Such as slum areas, houses are made of easily
ignitable materials and the possible causes of fires are very
visible. Seldom can it be seen that a low-class residence
would install fire safety equipment simply because it is not
their priority. Contrary to that of well-to-do families. They
would have well built houses with if not top-of-the-line reliable
fire safety appliances to secure them. In the classification of
hazards, it is important that these two differences are
considered.
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DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
1
Table 4, Fires by Area Affected, Epidemiological Assessment of Fires in the Philippines, 2010-2012 by Gloria Nenita V
Velasco, Philippine Institute of Developmental Studies
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regularly, the risks of fire can be exposed and given appropriate
action, thus preventing or minimizing the incidence of fire. In Section 5,
para. h, the Fire Code stipulates: “Inspect at reasonable time, any
building, structure, installation or premises for dangerous or hazardous
conditions or materials as set forth in this Code, provided that in case
of single family dwelling, an inspection must be upon the consent of
the occupant or upon lawful order from the proper court. The Chief,
BFP or his/her duly authorized representative shall order the
owner/occupant to remove hazardous materials and/or stop
hazardous operation/process in accordance with the standards set by
this Code or its implementing rules or regulations or other pertinent
laws;”
For the first semester of 2014, FSED data indicate that the total
number of inspections and fire prevention activities conducted for
residential, mercantile and business establishments are 79,309; 348,393
and 145,938 respectively2. Whereas IID’s consolidated record of fire
incidents for the same period, for the same occupancy notes 2,870;
254; and 120 respectively. The data shows a significant relationship
between fire prevention efforts through inspection vis-à-vis incidents of
fire – the incidents of fire reduce proportionally to the increase in
inspection. The more inspections made, the lesser the occurrence of
fire; whereas, for less intensive inspections made, the occurrences of
fire remain high. This simply shows, that the efforts of the Bureau do
pay. And by conducting the same intensive prevention measures on
those still with high fire occurrence, similar reductions can also be
achieved.
2
FSED Fire Prevention Activities Tally, January to June 2014.
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tapped and executed during fire emergencies. During the time of the
late DILG Secretary Jessie Robredo, he propagated disaster
preparedness response and management from national and
provincial authorities to the barangays. Officials of local communities
were given training on the proper approach to calamities. The
program was so effective that when a calamity was to befall a
community, the authorities automatically sprang into action.
TALK 2. ASSESS
A key factor in the formulation of any plan is its basis. For the Community
Fire Protection Plan, understanding the real threat is the key for holistic
prevention measures. Therefore, thorough risk assessment, understanding
vulnerabilities, plotting most concerned areas and coming to terms with
possible impact are critical. It is the responsibility of the CFPP facilitator to
ensure that these risks and threats are carefully reviewed and properly
addressed.
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In this chapter, the CFPP facilitator must ensure that the real threats, risks
and hazards in the community are well understood in order to arrive at a
realistic result. Hence, the CFPP must focus on the causes, risk, and
hazards of fire in the community.
The analysis will move from macro to micro scale looking first at the entire
barangay set-up, targeting each purók / sitio / cluster for in-depth
analysis. This is important because there are large barangays with high
incidence of fire only in particular areas. But this doesn’t mean that the
areas identified as low-risk will be left behind. Interventions will still be
made, and such areas can be utilized for safe refuge in the event of fire
emergencies.
In this chapter, the difference between hazards and risks will be defined.
How to look for these in communities will be discussed, as well as
vulnerabilities that may aggravate risks into full blown emergency, and the
capacities that can be built in order to mitigate vulnerabilities. Hazard
mapping will also be made using prepared guides and checklist as well
establishing needs in responding to events of fires in those mapped and
zoned areas. Most importantly, visualizing fire incidents through a scenario
analysis will be made in order to give planners the best possible picture of
what to prepare for.
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COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE INCIDENTS
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Hence, the first part of the assessment for the CFPP is knowing the
probability of these causes.
Probability
Not all causes really becomes the cause of fire all at once, the
probability of one causing fire varies from conditions to conditions.
By definition, probability is the measure of the likelihood of
something to ever happening. For the CFPP, the probability that
certain causes of fires may cause an actual fire should be
measured.
There are some causes that though common to many, may not
actually be even applicable to others. For example, electrical
related causes of fire are very common to informal settler’s areas
where illegal and improper connections are rampant whereas it
may not be the cause to well-planned and developed subdivisions
where basic laws and regulations are observed stringently. Similarly,
residential areas where the use of propane or LPG gas as main
cooking medium is unlikely to experience fires caused by these
causes than those areas wherein such means are not regulated.
Just as the cause varies from cases to cases the likelihood of that
cause actually igniting fires varies equally. The probability scale
below illustrates this concept.
Probability Scale
The first question that the planners should ask is, amongst these
causes (select at least five); which are the ones that have the
highest probability of being the primary causes of fire in a certain
community.
Impact
The impact of a fire incident varies from area to area. The most
common effects of fire incidents are injuries, fatalities, property
damage, and disruption to daily life, quantified by the time it takes
to recover. Impact is the severity of these effects. Impact is what
matters. Different causes also caries varying impact to the
population, again the factor of commonality to location plays an
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important part. For example, if one cause of fire is not common in a
certain area, the impact it may thereafter create is negligible.
Similarly, most common causes present within an area pauses an
impact that are much greater.
Impact Scale
Vulnerability
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Fire emergencies are the product of the public’s vulnerabilities to
threats combined with the hazards readily available or are caused
by domestic activities. This can be best interpreted in the diagram
below:
FIRE EMERGENCY
practices. electrical connections
and overloading.
High population
density in congested Open flames during
areas. cooking.
Given that all factors have been analyzed, the level of risk in a
particular area can be determined by plotting it using the Cause –
Risk Assessment Form.
Note: Vulnerability Factor constant for all causes based on the checklist score
Example: Barangay _____________
Open
5 5 5 50 1
Flame
Illegal
electrical 4 4 5 40 2
connections
LPG 2 1 5 15 3
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This form will help planners determine the level of risk that a certain
cause of fire may pose to an area in the barangay, as well as the
level of priority in addressing the risk. It will guide planners to better
understand the real picture in every fire incident, and help them
arrive at the best mitigation measure.
Activity Procedure:
1. The facilitator will now direct the attention of his participants into the
first assessment activity.
2. Using the CFPP Planning Form 1: Cause-Risk Assessment Form as the
planning tool, the participants assisted by the facilitator shall perform
the assessment by accomplishing the form.
3. Out of the 29 causes of fires identified earlier, the planners will select
at least five (5) most likely cause of fire based on their initial
assessment during the survey. This will be written at the first column.
4. With each of the causes, the planners should ask themselves, what is
the probability and the possible impact of these causes should it
indeed kick-starts a fire. Using the Probability and Impact Scales, the
planners will supply the corresponding numerical value on columns 2
and 3.
5. Using the Risk-Vulnerability Checklist, the next step is to supply the
vulnerability level on column 4. This is the Vulnerability Score in the
Checklist. Remember, for all the causes analyzed in this form, the
vulnerability score is constant.
6. Following the formula, a mathematical computation would yield the
Risk Level on column 5 and the Ranking on column 6.
7. The planners will then do the same procedures for the remaining
causes.
8. This first assessment should be done per sitio/purok. Meaning, one
CFPP Form 1 for every sitio/purok. This is because the causes of fires
vary from sitio to sitio. So if a certain barangay have five sitio/purok,
the planners should perform the assessment on each of the five
areas, similar to the field survey.
9. For this activity, the facilitator should give some time for the planners
to perform. At least 30-45 Minutes.
VULNERABILITY Checklist
Summarized Characteristics
ZONE Score
Areas with structures that are most likely to burn with
extreme rapidity and to spread fire quickly, such as:
1) residences / buildings that are 60–100% made of
wood or easily ignitable materials, such as nipa,
bamboo, or sawali;
RED ZONE
2) residences at close proximity to one another,
Highly 5 below 8 meters apart, and with no proper fire wall
installations;
Vulnerable
3) residences in close proximity to industrial facilities
and poor electrification plactices;
4) Areas that are difficult to penetrate during
firefighting operations due to road conditions, limited
accessibility, limited sources of water and
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extinguishing agents, obstructed roadways and
alleys;
5) Areas with difficult way finding situations due to
unmarked streets.
Areas with structures that are most likely to burn and
spread fire with moderate rapidity, such as:
1) buildings / residences that are 30–60% made of
wood / lightweight construction materials;
ORANGE
2) concrete residences with easily-ignitable contents;
ZONE
3) residences with relative distance of 8 to 15 meters
Moderately
4 from one another, or row houses with the proper
firewall installation;
Vulnerable
4) mildly inaccessible due to limited access and
roadways and with available sources of water but
requires long distance of travel just to access the
source.
Areas with structures made primarily of fire-retardant
materials, such as:
1) 80–100% concrete, steel trusses and roofing;
YELLOW ZONE 2) residences with rated and safe electrical
connections and wiring;
Mildly 3 3) residences with a safe distance of 15 meters or
Vulnerable more to neighboring buildings;
4) easily accessible areas and with reliable sources of
water and extinguishing agents.
5) Easily navigable areas.
Areas not directly affected by any fire hazard; areas
BLUE ZONE
1 not used for human habitation; vacant areas, lots,
and spaces; evacuation areas such as gymnasiums,
Safe Zone
auditoriums, schools, etc.
d) Barangay Fire & Emergency Evacuation Plan – This map lays out
community preparations for fire incidents and other calamities,
showing identified locations for safe temporary refuge.
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As an output, all these maps can be combined into a single map
provided that the pieces of information presented by each
individually be incorporated as a whole.
For the second activity, the planners guided by the facilitators will
have to plot these maps.
Activity Procedure:
1. Using the provided barangay location map, the planners will now
plot into the map the different information required by the four maps
used required by the CFPP. For ease of activity, a google map can
be used as the foundation map.
2. First, the planners must ensure that the basic information of a
location map is provides such as name of streets, recognizable
landmarks, and other features.
3. Second, the planners shall reflect in every sitio/purok their risk-
Vulnerability level based on the checklist. This is simply done by
reflecting the corresponding color to each of the sitio/purok based
on its score.
4. Third is the location of hydrants and water sources have to be
reflected in the map.
5. Then lastly, the location of evacuation areas and the evacuation
route from certain areas of the community. For this activity, the
facilitator should give some time for the planners to perform. At least
20-30 Minutes.
6. An output of this map has to be printed on eight feet by four feet (8’
x 4’) tarpaulin and posted at visible locations in the barangay.
Going back to the basic field factors in preparing the CFPP such as
Surface Area, Population Density and Sociology, Set-Up of
Structures and Material Composition and Environmental Factors, the
vulnerabilities can be identified. These include the following.
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1. LAND AND SURFACE VULNERABILITIES
a. High density of structures / buildings.
b. Close clustering of buildings.
c. Limited accessibility for rescue vehicles
d. Limited access to remote areas of the community.
e. Means of access are obstructed or not easily navigable.
f. Inadequate directions or signage (e.g. street names, markers,
etc)
g. Limited accessible/operational fire hydrants and other water
sources
h. Limited evacuation areas or areas of safe refuge.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITIES
a. Dominant winds in the direction of the greater part of the
residences.
b. Proximity to grasslands with history of grass fires.
c. Proximity to forested lands with history of forest fires.
d. Inaccessible area due to high elevation. (e.g. cliff side;
mountainous, rugged terrain)
e. Lack of natural bodies of water in the area.
f. Relatively high heat index during summer / dry months.
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CFPP Form 2: Capabilities and Needs Assessment Form
Activity Procedure:
1. Looking back to the Field Survey, the planners have to
consolidate all the Risk-Vulnerability Checklists from every
sitio/purok and prepare a single list of vulnerabilities. These are all
the “YES” in the checklist. Every yes corresponds to a vulnerability
present in the community that has to be addressed.
2. From their list, the planners are to identify the vulnerabilities and
list the same in column 1. There are vulnerabilities however that
even though present, the community can do nothing about such
as environmental factors and adjacency to industrial and
mercantile facilities. These vulnerabilities can be excluded in the
activity.
3. For each of the vulnerabilities, the planners will now have to
identify what are the capabilities and needs that has to be
provided.
4. Capabilities meaning the existing programs and projects that the
barangay already have that directly or indirectly address the
vulnerabilities. Capabilities can be in a form of programs or
projects already being implemented or any other advantages for
the community that they can exploit such as for example the
proximity or adjacency of a fire station to a community.
5. Needs on the other hand are the programs and projects that are
not yet present in the barangay but has to be implemented in
order to address the vulnerabilities. The needs can either be in a
form of a project, legislation or undertakings.
6. After this, the planners have to identify in details what are the
activities that they have to perform in order to execute the
programs or projects identified in the needs. This includes step by
step action plans to execute the program.
7. Then, the planners have to identify the persons in-charge of
implementing the activities and the program and the time frame
of execution.
8. It is important to note that this activity is directed towards
providing solutions to the problems that would contribute to a
destructive fire in the community. That is why the format of the
information required by Form 2 is geared towards preparing for a
project proposal for the barangay. This project proposals has to
be executed and implemented by the barangay officials if they
are to produce tangible results.
9. For this activity, the facilitator should give some time for the
planners to perform. At least 20-30 Minutes.
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2.4 The Scenarios
The best way to plan is to actually see what you are planning for.
However since contingency planning is anticipatory (but hopefully
would not be used), the best way to anticipate events is through
the development of a scenario. For this purpose, all the data
analyzed in this chapter would boil down to developing possible
scenarios and looking into the anatomy of an event. In this way,
planners can have the most complete understanding possible of
what could really happen should an incident occur.
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CFPP Form 3: Scenario Visualization Form
Probability “Rate
probability
for this
scenario”
Impact “Rate
possible
impact of this
scenario”
Activity Procedure:
1. The planners assisted by the facilitators prepare the situation for
every sitio/purok in the community. In every situation there will be
three scenarios ranging from Bad, to Worse to Worst.
2. The planners for every situation then describe this situation by
providing a description of the event, the location and the number
of affected households in range. The description automatically
being “A fire incident” but the location has to be specific to the
name of the sitio/purok and most probably origin area. The
Range of affected household will depend on the number of
household within that certain sitio/purok.
3. Under the BAD SCENARIO column, the planners have to then
again provide description and location of the fire incident, but
this time in a more detailed description answering the question,
“What will the fire incident look like on its lower alarm?” Below it
the planners have to set the possible range of affected
household for that certain scenario.
4. Escalating the events, the planners will then visualize what will the
incident look like if it increases in magnitude and provide a
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description of it under the WORSE SCENARIO. Escalating it further,
what would it look like on a WORST SCENARIO.
5. After visualizing the scenarios, the planners then ask what is the
probability of each of the scenarios and what impact it may result
into. This will be done using the Probability and Impact Scales. It is
important to understand that even if all three scenarios are likely
to happen, amongst the three which one has the highest
probability against the other two. Then what impact will the
scenario end up the community into should it occur.
6. The probability scale will provide the planners the foresight of
knowing what kind of fire incident is most likely to happen and the
impact will give the bigger picture of the scale of the possible
incident.
7. After preparing one situation for one sitio/purok, the same
procedures have to be made with the remaining sitio/purok. It is
important that the planners have a clear picture of what are the
different scenarios in every part of their community.
8. For this activity, the facilitator should give some time for the
planners to perform. At least 30-45 Minutes.
TALK 3. PREPARE
All good planners will tell you that next to thorough assessment is
preparation. What good is it knowing the hazard if one will not
prepare for it. Critical in any contingency plan is the amount of
preparation that the planners can employ. As much as possible, the
preparations and action plans to be created are based on
identified individual scenarios. In this way, resources are maximized
and efforts are focused on where truly needed.
BUDGETARY
NEEDS ACTIVITIES OPR SCHEDULE/S
REQUIREMENTS
“Needs that will “Activities “Office or “Provide “Rough
arise be it to perform person tentative dates estimate of
physical in order to responsible for the expenses that
infrastructure, meet the within the activities and the activity may
basic goods, needs” barangay” related items require”
etc. such as
location /
venue if
applicable.
Activity Procedure:
1. The planners assisted by the facilitators prepare the prevention
activities by considering the various scenarios they accomplished
earlier in the workshop.
2. Understanding the scenarios, the planners now identify programs
and projects that needs to be implemented in order to prevent
the fire incident from ever happening or should it still happen,
what are the necessary developments they have to establish in
order to respond to the incident effectively.
3. These programs and projects shall be reflected under column 1.
The needs can include infrastructure development, legislation,
and undertakings that would solve the problem. At this point, it is
important to understand that in order to solve drastic issues,
equally drastic measures have to be implemented as well.
4. After this, the planners have to identify in details what are the
activities that they have to perform in order to execute the
programs or projects identified in the needs. This includes step by
step action plans to execute the program.
5. Then, the planners have to identify the persons in-charge of
implementing the activities and the program, the time frame of
execution and the budgetary requirements.
6. Similar to activity 3, the output of this form have to be translated
into a project proposal for proper execution.
7. For this activity, the facilitator should give some time for the
planners to perform. At least 20-30 Minutes.
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technical matters that must be considered in order to execute the
suppression operation efficiently. These consequences include:
Crowd Control
More than the frantic reaction of the public, loathing and abuse
should also be kept under control by the police and other
authorities.
Traffic
No responding unit would ever reach the scene when all roads are
blocked. Not just by other vehicles but by people and their
belongings blocking the streets. With the type of vehicles used in
firefighting, greater mobility must be considered and be afforded to
the crew. Meaning as much as possible control over streets and
access passage towards the scene of the fire must be a priority.
From the very moment that a fire is noticed, the local authorities
must ensure that all streets that leads to the fire scene is cleared.
Most often, the streets become the instant evacuation area
rendering it unpassable which should not be the case. At all cost for
an effective suppression operation all roads and access points must
be cleared to provide the responding crew greater mobility.
Responders would risk their lives to save savable lives and property,
but they won’t risk their lives for lives and properties that are already
lost. In any fire incident the possibility of collateral casualty is always
there, what will save lives is if everyone would account others for
themselves. By simple knowing if there indeed are remaining
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individuals trapped within the flaming structures could provide the
responding crew with the type of tactical approach to employ
towards the fire. Deployment of rescue units with tools and
equipment could be made and prioritization of attack can also be
made to those areas with trapped individuals. Although it is advised
to leave the technical rescue to professionals, by simple being able
to account for all individuals would play a big difference. With the
CFPP focusing on small clustering of neighborhood, physical
accounting of individuals is not impossible.
First Response
No fire starts big. Meaning, fires started small and manageable. But
if not immediately extinguished, it grows by the second until all is
lost. That is why the role of the first responders are critical. Able to
immediately respond to the fire means everything. First response
doesn’t only pertain to firefighting but also to medical first response.
Evacuation
TALK 4. TEST
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The purpose of this chapter is to set up a standardized procedure in
the conduct of drills and simulations and a method of evaluating
them. Practicing through drills is one thing, but evaluating the
performance provides for improvement. One must consider that the
plan created at the moment of the workshop is the best guess of
what the event would look like. It is not the actual emergency. Thus,
variations of recorded data will tend to happen. Through drills, the
gap will close. Planners will be able to observe whether
preparations made are enough or inadequate. This chapter
answers the question “Will the plan work and what more can be
done?”
4.2 Evaluation
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DRILL PHASES AND POINT CRITERIA YES NO N/A
1 INCIDENT / ALARM PHASE
a Community leaders alerted within 1 minute of notification of fire.
b Fire Station personnel informed within 1 minute of the fire.
c Neighborhood alerted immediately.
d Other law enforcement & security agencies notified.
2 MOBILIZATION / RESPONSE PHASE
a Fire Command Center immediately established.
b CFAG/First responders present on the scene within 2–3 minutes.
c Firefighting team present on the scene within 5–7 minutes.
d Traffic control activated & fire scene controlled.
e Tactical firefighting procedures performed.
Fire extinguished within pre-set time. (The C/MFM sets
f
the time coverage depending on the scenario.)
g Responders performing operation with proper PPE and safety.
3 EVACUATION AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL OPERATION
a Evacuation clear of hazard & obstruction.
b Evacuation route properly marked with signage.
c Evacuees able to reach evacuation area unhurt and in order.
d Evacuees all accounted for.
e Missing individuals duly reported to IC.
f Presence of leadership & command during evacuation.
g Rescuers activated & performing.
h Proper extrication of trapped victims.
i Triage area established & triage performed.
j Victims given proper emergency medical attention.
k Special person’s needs properly accommodated.
l Drill participants active & seriously participated in the drill.
4 DEMOBILIZATION
a Announcement of termination of drill.
b Critiquing gaps & adjustments.
The conduct of drills and simulations will expose gaps within the
plans and the actual situation during operations. These gaps have
to be duly noted and considered and proper adjustments have to
be made. Most often, the gaps will revolve around response time,
underperformance of team members, and difficulty in mobility. But
in order to make sure that no gaps are left unchecked, the planners
must consider this simple formula, based on IFRC:
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CFPP Form 6: Preparedness Gaps and Adjustment Assessment form
Existing
Issues Gaps OPR
Plan
“Issues and “Actions “Actions that should “Person responsible
concerns noted made based have been done to make the
during the on the CFPP” based on noted adjustments”
operation” issues”
Activity Procedure:
1. After the conduct of drills/simulation or actual firefighting
operation a review of the execution of the activities has to be
made.
2. The attendees to the drill or the planners assisted by the
facilitators have to evaluate the entire activity focusing on the
issues they noticed.
3. Issues and concerns will be reflected at the first column and
under column 2, what was the pre-set plan in the CFPP that
contrasts to the issues noted.
4. They are then to identify what are the solutions to the said issues
and concerns and reflect the same as gaps that has to be
executed. Most of the gaps would include formulation of new
programs and project not identified during the time the CFPP is
being prepared; amendments to the response procedures;
amendments to the scenarios visualized amongst others. In any
case, the planners have to identify a person responsible for
implementing the identified gaps.
TALK 5. IMPROVE
Every plan has to be dynamic, it must not be simply shelved. This is
true to contingency plans wherein it must constantly be updated in
order to stay relevant. Time passes quickly so does technologies
and the circumstances. The plans that be applicable today may no
longer be effective just a few months or year later. That is why it has
to be updated and re-evaluated constantly.
In this chapter, both the planners and the facilitators must give due
consideration on rooms for further improvement. Constant
dialogues must be made and coordination be performed in order
to adopt the CFPP to current settings. It doesn’t matter of how good
a plan is, what matters most is that it has to be alive. It must evolve
and it must stay relevant.
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evaluated. As the level of risk increases, a re-assessment of the risks,
probability, and impact is needed.
Notes!
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CHAPTER 3. The Community Fire Auxiliary Group
(CFAG)
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Chairman and the City/Municipal Fire Marshal and shall
be presented at a fire scene whenever required by the
BFP. (See Annex)
4. The basic skills and knowledge of this group will be put to the test
as they execute the CFPP during the conduct of drills and
simulation exercises.
• Identifying hazards,
• Identifying obstructions that can hamper access
and fire and emergency operations,
• Posting of alarm and evacuation signage,
• Establishment of evacuation areas,
• Setting up localized fire hydrants, especially in
interior areas where accessibility by fire truck is
not possible,
• Proper marking of street fire hydrants, and
• Provision of immediate firefighting implements
such as fire hose, buckets and water drums, sand
bags, etc.
A. COMMUNICATION UNIT
B. EVACUATION UNIT
C. SEARCH-AND-RESCUE UNIT
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E. SECURITY AND TRAFFIC UNIT
(B) Upon arrival of the first BFP unit, they shall assist
in the firefighting operations under the
direction and control of the BFP Ground
Commander.
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2.3 Mga Bayani sa Barangay Social Media Mileage
Notes!
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MODULE 3: KAAGAPAY AND LINGAP
PROGRAM
Overview
Under this module, the concept of a truly immersive community fire
prevention will be laid down. The principles guiding the Kaagapay and
Lingap programs involve the immersion of fire service personnel in the
field, the communities, informal settlements and even homes in order
to evaluate vulnerabilities to fire, and implement immediate remedial
measures to prevent fire, or the interventions needed. This immersive
and interventional approach to fire safety in communities will directly
address the problems at the very same place where the problem
effectively starts. This interaction between the BFP and the community
itself through its residents is the key to a wholistic and comprehensive
fire safety and prevention program.
Module Objectives
1. To provide a functional guide for the Bumbero sa Barangay to
institute fire prevention activities in the communities as
envisioned by Oplan Ligtas na Pamayanan.
2. Clearly and thoroughly discuss the concept of immersive,
interventional and interactive approach to community fire
safety.
Expected Output
1. Designated Bumbero sa Barangay
2. Monthly Accomplishment report of Activities.
Chapter 1: Immerse
The very essence of Kaagapay Program is to assign a fireman in
each barangay in the country to be known as “Bumbero sa
Pamayanan” who shall be coordinator and lead of all these
programs in the community. Persons so designated are expected
to deliver most parts of this plan. They shall be immersed in the
community to establish strong partnerships and develop empathy
over the plight of the residents. They are likewise expected to
rekindle the spirit of bayanihan among the residents to establish
the very foundation of this plan.
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1.1 Designation
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member of personnel and subsequently the fire station. The
performance of said activities will be evaluated and appraised.
Chapter 2: Intervene
Key to a sustainable fire prevention initiative is the institution of
intervention programs to address a problem. Through immersion,
the designated Bumbero sa Barangay shall identify risks and causes
of fire so these can be addressed. This is intervention, by ensuring
that every notable risk, possible causes, and even vulnerabilities
are given due attention and removed. This will be done through
two direct approaches: 1) House-to-house Fire Safety Survey; and
2) Zonal Hazard Interventions. All these activities are expected to
be carried out by the designated BSB.
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Ligtas na ginagamit ang electrical cords?
d
(Hindi nila ito nilalagay sa ilalim ng karpet o sa may pintuan)
Nasa maayos na kundisyon ang mga saksakan at switch ng
e
ilaw?
f Ang mga appliances ay direktong nakasaksak sa saksakan?
g Ang mga kable na gamit ay naayon sa tamang sukat nito?
Nakatakip ang lahat ng electrical panels, junction boxes,
h
outlets at switches ng maayos?
i Hindi pagsasaksak ng maraming appliances sa iisang outlet?
Hinuhugot sa saksakan ang extension cord at anu mang
j
appliances kapag hindi na ginagamit?
k May electrical safety switch ang tahanan?
Kaugaliang pag bunot sa saksakan ng mga appliances na
l
hindi ginagamit?
3 KAAYUSAN SA KUSINA
Sinisuguradong laging binabantayan ang anu mang lutuin sa
a
kusina?
Nasa labas ng bahay o may sapat na bentilasyon ang mga
b
LPG gas cylinder?
Ang mga Gas Appliances ay gumagana ng maayos tulad ng
c
kalan?
d Laging nakapatay ang LPG matapos gamitin?
e Walang anu mang tulo at sira ng tubo sa kusina?
Malayo sa lutuan ang kurtina at anu mang maaring
f
magliyab?
g Kaugaliang pag iinspeksyon ng mga kagamitan sa kusina?
h May sapat na singawan ng usok sa kusina?
Nakatago ng maayos ang mga kandila at lighter na hindi
j
abot ng mga bata?
4 DAANAN O LABASAN SA BAHAY
a Walang anu mang kalat sa pintuan at bintana?
b Madaling makakalabas ng bahay kapag may sunog?
May direktang daanan papunta sa kalsada o lugar na
c
pwedeng pagtipunan kapagka may sunog?
Walang nakakalat na kung anu mang bagay na nakaharang
d
sa daanan ?
e May sapat na liwanag sa loob ng tahanan?
Walang anumang kemikal na maaring sumabog sa mga
f
daanan?
PUNTOS
VULNERABILITY
FIRE PREVENTION INTERVENTION
ZONE
Safe
The creation of the CFPP for the barangay will set the tone for
succeeding activities. Therefore, it must be the first activity to be
accomplished. It will be followed by the LINGAP activities or Fire
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Prevention Interventions in the following quarter. The conduct of
simulations, drills and lectures will follow, using the CFPP data. Before
the start of the yuletide season where heightened attention has to
be given to communities, the second round of LINGAP activities will
be performed for those at the identified Highly Vulnerable Zones.
Annexes
a. Monthly Accomplishments Report Form
Notes!
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ANNEX A:
RISK-VULNERABILITY
CHECKLIST AND PROCEDURE
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OPLAN LIGTAS NA PAMAYANAN
RISK-VULNERABILITY CHECKLIST
PROCEDURES:
1. The designated Bumbero sa Barangay accompanied by other team members from the BFP and
the Barangay Council shall conduct the field survey using the Risk-Vulnerability Checklist
(RVC).
2. The survey shall be performed in every sitio/purok using one RVC for each of the sitio/purok
surveyed. Other members of the surveying team can be given a copy of the checklist and
individually fill-out the forms, but the results should be consolidated after the survey.
3. The surveyor have to fill up first the Name of the Barangay and the date of the survey followed
by the name of the Purok/Sitio and the Number of Households, Families, Individuals and
estimated land area of that specific sitio being surveyed.
4. Under the General Profile, the surveyor has to check what type of community the sitio/purok is
being surveyed out of the presented categories.
GENERAL PROFILE
Type of Community: [Check one]
[___] Metropolitan/City Center [___] Suburban Subdivision [___] Town Center
[___] Exclusive Village [___] Rural Community
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6. Under the PARAMETERS, the surveyor are to answer the questions presented with a YES or a
NO or NA if not applicable.
ONE CHECK EQUALS THREE (3)
1 LAND AND SURFACE CONSIDERATIONS POINTS
Is the sitio/purok have a high density of buildings regardless of type compared to its relative
size/surface area. Examples, informal settlers, row houses and socialized housing projects.
b Buildings closely clustered to each other? (9 meters + Check NO; 0-8 Check YES)
Are the majority of buildings in that sitio/purok closely clustered to each other? If majority of the
houses are spaced from 0-8 meters answer YES, and NO if 9 meters above.
A secondary route should always be identified, should the site has no other accessibility route,
answer this question with a NO.
Are there remote areas within the sitio/purok that are inaccessible or firefighting units would find
difficult to penetrate during fire emergencies? Be it YES or NO, surveyor has to declare where
would be the most strategic location as an entry point for responding fire trucks and entry point
for refilling fire trucks. Always assume that during fire incidents, due to the areas inaccessibility
the operation would be impaired, hence support engines are necessary.
Within the remote access areas again, identify which type of access is present.
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Number of Hoses Needed to Cover Farthest Area
Are the same access (for the remote areas in question “d”) obstructed or no easily navigable?
Obstructions may be in the form of road obstructions, low electrical wires, high and successive
road humps, double parking/improper parking amongst others. Then, surveyor should identify
what type of access is available writing YES or NO whether it’s a “Road” or “Alleys”.
Roads being more than 3 meters in width with either one way or two way traffic and regularly
used by transport vehicles, while alleys are access-ways less than 3 meters and used only for
human access. Then, the actual width of the road or alleys and the type of pavement should be
identified.
The surveyor then identify to what type of responding vehicle it is passable to. E.g. Mini
Pumpers, Regular Engine, Rousenbauer, JIANGTE 4000 or 1000.
Then, identify whether there are additional access alleys and measure the number of hoses
needed to be laid together in order to reach the farthest point in the area.
Are the streets not properly named and the markings not easily visible? It is the responsibility of
the LGU to ensure that all streets are properly marked with street signage and names.
Is the sitio/purok with limited access to operational hydrants and other water sources? Limited
access pertains to NO available hydrant within the sitio/purok itself and nearest operational
hydrant is located in another sitio or other area in the barangay. The locations of these hydrants
should be identified as well as the distance from the area, the rate of discharge and status of
operation.
Is the barangay with or with no properly designated evacuation area? The LGU’s should
endeavour the establishments of evacuation areas in their areas.
7. For the Population and Sociology parameters, the surveyor should look at the matter on general
sense of the sitio/purok. Majority rule applies in this assessment.
a Highly dense population for the land area (eg. Squatters Area)
Is the sitio/purok higly populated compared to its land area. E.g. Informal settlers and socialized
housing.
The residents do not observe proper housekeeping in general sense visible in the way the
residents behave towards housekeeping. The surveyor can ask their counterpart from the
barangay if the residents observe proper housekeeping or not.
The residents don’t have proper waste disposal practice and easily ignitable wastes and
materials not properly segregated and or disposed.
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d Poor housing conditions.
The residences do not observe proper housing practices visible in the way their houses are built
and sprouting in any direction.
The residences do not observe the fundamental principles of proper electrification visible in the
way their drop wires and other electrical connections to the residences are connected.
The residents are not cooperative with authorities and are indifferent to warnings, do not
participate during assemblies, lectures, drills and other activities concerning their safety.
8. For the Set-up of Structure and Material Composition parameters, the surveyor should look at
the matter on general sense of the sitio/purok. Majority rule applies in this assessment.
3 SET-UP OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIAL COMPOSITION ONE CHECK EQUALS TWO (2) POINTS
Are the houses made of light and easily combustible materials such as wood and in the case of
informal settler, alternative housing materials such as tarpaulins, plywood, etc.
Are the houses properly separated? In the case of row houses and duplexes, does it have
proper separation by means of a fire wall?
Are the majority of the residences adjacent to either mercantile, industrial or storage facilities?
In general sense, does the buildings and residences observes basic building and construction
laws and regulations in their construction?
9. Under Environmental Factors parameters, both visual and historical records of the area are to
be assessed.
Is there a constantly blowing dominant wind pattern in the area? The surveyor must note that
not all parts of a certain community is subjected to equal wind load exposure, there are areas
that due to wind obstructions such as tree covers, buildings, hilld and or mountains may not be
exposed to sustained winds.
Is the sitio/purok with an adjacent grassland or forestland with a history of grass or forest fires?
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Unreachable area due to high elevation.
d
(eg. Cliffside, mountainous, ragged terrain)
Is the sitio/purok with or in proximity to natural bodies of water that can be used during
firefighting operations such as accessible rivers, lakes, ponds and streams? Sea water is not
useable during operations.
g Area prone to or listed with history of Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect
Does the sitio/purok have a history or had been listed with High Heat Index during summer
months or prone to Urban Heat Island effect? Urban Heat Island effects happens when the
relative temperature in a certain area is magnified and continuously rises contributed by
developed lands, roads, reflected sunlight from buildings and other structures.
10. After the survey, the results will be computed by the surveyor to determine the vulnerability level
of the sitio/purok. Each set of parameters has its own score multiplier, for Land and Surface
Srea Parameters one check is equal to three (3) points; Population and Sociology as well as
Set-Up of structure and Material Composition Parameters, one check is equal to Two (2) points,
while for Environmental Faactors one check is equal to One (1) point.
12. After the survey, the RVC should be acknowledged by the Barangay Captain, signed by the
Surveyor and Noted by the Fire Marshal.
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ANNEX B:
CFPP WORKSHOP PLANNING
TOOLS
(CFPP FORM 1-6)
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ANNEX C:
HOUSEHOLD FIRE SAFETY
SURVEY CHECKLIST
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ANNEX D:
FIRE DRILL EVALUATION
CHECKLIST
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ANNEX E:
OPCR – IPCR TARGET AND
ACCOMPLISHMENT MATRIX
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ANNEX F:
DILG MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR NUMBER 2019-40
Implementation of OPLAN
LIGTAS NA PAMAYANAN in
All Barangays Nationwide
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