Smoking Index (X) X^2 Lung Cancer Mortality Index (Y) Y^2 XY

77 5929 84 7056 6468

137 18769 123 15129 16851
117 13689 123 15129 14391
94 8836 128 16384 12032
116 13456 155 24025 17980
102 10404 101 10201 10302
111 12321 118 13924 13098
93 8649 113 12769 10509
88 7744 104 10816 9152
102 10404 88 7744 8976
91 8281 104 10816 9464
104 10816 129 16641 13416
107 11449 86 7396 9202
112 12544 96 9216 10752
113 12769 144 20736 16272
110 12100 139 19321 15290
125 15625 113 12769 14125
133 17689 146 21316 19418
115 13225 128 16384 14720
105 11025 115 13225 12075
87 7569 79 6241 6873
91 8281 85 7225 7735
100 10000 120 14400 12000
76 5776 60 3600 4560
66 4356 51 2601 3366
Sum 2572 271706 2732 315064 289027
X X^2 Y Y^2 XY

Smoking and Cancer Correlation

180

160
Smoking Index

140 The graph reveal

between smoking
120
From the biologic
contain carcinoge
100
damage DNA. Wh
the cell's capacity
80 passed on. Accum
genes promoting
60 and ones preventi
Smoking Index
140 The graph reveal
between smoking
120
From the biologic
contain carcinoge
100
damage DNA. Wh
the cell's capacity
80 passed on. Accum
genes promoting
60 and ones preventi
lead to cancer. Th
lungs because cig
40 because the chem
stream to be carr
20 is also the main c

0
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Lung Cancer Mortality Index
 77 84
137 123
117 123
94 128
116 155

102 101
111 118
93 113
88 104
Pearson's Coefficient 102 88
r= 0.735148 91 104
0.735148 104 129
107 86
Critical value = 0.396 112 96
--> Significant relation 113 144
110 139
125 113
133 146
115 128
105 115
87 79
91 85
100 120
76 60
66 51

The graph reveals a postive correlation

between smoking and lung cancer.

From the biological point of view, cigarettes

contain carcinogens that, when penetrate cells,
damage DNA. When the DNA damages outrun
the cell's capacity to repair, the mutation is
passed on. Accumulation of mutations cause
genes promoting cell cycle to be hyperactive
and ones preventing it to be defective, which
The graph reveals a postive correlation
between smoking and lung cancer.

From the biological point of view, cigarettes

contain carcinogens that, when penetrate cells,
damage DNA. When the DNA damages outrun
the cell's capacity to repair, the mutation is
passed on. Accumulation of mutations cause
genes promoting cell cycle to be hyperactive
and ones preventing it to be defective, which
lead to cancer. The carcinogens affect most the
lungs because cigarettes are inhaled, yet
because the chemicals can fuse to blood
stream to be carried all over the body, smoking
is also the main cause of many other diseases.