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<< ∞Ó Ô ¿ÓıÚˆÔ˜ ‰ÈÂÚ¢ӋÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ Â·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘ Î·È ·ԉ¯ı› Ù·


fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘, ÙfiÙÂ Ë Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Û˘Ó¿ÓıÚˆÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘,
ÛÙËÓ fiÏË, ÛÙÔ˘˜ £ÂÔ‡˜ Î·È ÛÙË Ê‡ÛË ı· Â›Ó·È ÔÚı‹. >>

¶ÔÏÈÙ›· ( 427b )

∏ ‰‡Ó·ÌË ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ Ó‡̷ÙÔ˜ ÂÓÛ·ÚÎÒÓÂÙ·È ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈο ÛÙÔ


ÚfiÛˆÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓÔ˜.

°ÂÓÓ‹ıËÎÂ ÛÙËÓ ∞ı‹Ó· ÙÔ 427 .Ã. √ ·Ù¤Ú·˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú›ÛÙˆÓ


ηٷÁfiÙ·Ó ·fi ·ÚÈÛÙÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ë ÌËÙ¤Ú· ÙÔ˘
¶ÂÚÈÎÙ˘fiÓË Î·Ù·ÁfiÙ·Ó ·fi ·ÏÈ¿ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈ΋ ÁÂÓÈ¿ Ô˘ ¤ÊÙ·Ó ˆ˜ ÙÔ
™fiψӷ. ø˜ ÁÈÔ˜ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ·˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ ·Ó·ÙÚ¿ÊËÎÂ Î·È ÌÔÚÊÒıËΠÌÂ
ÂÈ̤ÏÂÈ·. ¶ÚÔÈÎÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ Ì ηÏÏÈÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ˜, ·Û¯ÔÏ‹ıËΠÌÂ
ÙËÓ Ô›ËÛË. ∆Ô ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ fiÓÔÌ· ‹Ù·Ó ∞ÚÈÛÙÔÎÏ‹˜. ∞ÚÁfiÙÂÚ·, Û‡Ìʈӷ
Ì ۯÂÙÈ΋ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË, ÙÔÓ Â›·Ó ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ·, ÂÂȉ‹ ›¯Â Ï·Ù‡ ÛÙ‹ıÔ˜
Î·È Ï·Ù‡ ̤وÔ.

ŸÙ·Ó ÙÔ 404 .Ã. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Ï‹ÍË ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓËÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ¶ÔϤÌÔ˘,


ÁÂÌ›˙ÔÓÙ·Ó Ù· Ù›¯Ë ÙˆÓ ∞ıËÓÒÓ, Ô ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó 23 ÂÙÒÓ. ∂›¯Â ‹‰Ë
ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ™ˆÎÚ¿ÙË, Ë ‰È‰·Ûηϛ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ÙÔÓ ÂËÚ¤·Û ‚·ı‡Ù·Ù·,
ÒÛÙ ÂÁη٤ÏÂÈ„Â ÔÚÈÛÙÈο ÙËÓ Ô›ËÛË Î·È ·ÊÔÛÈÒıËΠÛÙË ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›·.

ø˜ ÈÛÙfi˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹˜ Î·È ·¯ÒÚÈÛÙÔ˜ Û‡ÓÙÚÔÊÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÎÚ¿ÙË ı·


Û˘Ó¯›ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘. ∞ÚÁfiÙÂÚ·, ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ı·Ó·ÙÈ΋ ηٷ‰›ÎË ÙÔ˘
‰·ÛοÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘, Û˘Óı¤ÙÂÈ ÌÈ· ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ·fi ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ˘˜,
ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ÂÍÂÙ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘
·ÓıÚÒÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ £Âfi, ÙË Ê‡ÛË, ÙËÓ „˘¯‹, ÙË ÁÓÒÛË, ÙËÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓË
ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·, ÙËÓ ¶ÔÏÈÙ›·. ŒÙÛÈ Ô ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÈ ÙȘ ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘
ıˆڛ˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Û·Ó È‰¤Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÎÚ¿ÙË,
ÚÔ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ÙËÓ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÚÂÙ‹ ÙÔ˘
‰·ÛοÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘, ̤۷ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó··Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ‰È·ÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜
ÙÔ˘. ∂ÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ∞ÔÏÔÁ›·, Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÏÔÁÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹,
ÂÈÎÔÛÈ¤ÓÙÂ, ÂÚ›Ô˘, ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔÈ, ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÓ‹ÛÈ· ¤ÚÁ· ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ·.
∞ÍÈÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË ÏÔÁÔÙ¯ÓÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·, ‰›ÓÂÈ Û’ ·˘Ù¿ ÙÔ
‰Ú·Ì·ÙÈÎfi ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô Ù˘ ÙÚ·Áˆ‰›·˜, ÂÂȉ‹ Ô ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ˜, ·fi ·ÈÛıËÙÈ΋


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¿Ô„Ë, ˙ˆÓÙ·Ó‡ÂÈ Ù· ÚfiÛˆ· Î·È Ù· ı¤Ì·Ù·. ∆Ô Î¿ı ¤ÚÁÔ, ¤¯ÂÈ ˆ˜


Ù›ÙÏÔ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ΢ÚÈÔÙ¤ÚÔ˘, ‡ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙÔ ™ˆÎÚ¿ÙË, ÚÔÛÒÔ˘
Ô˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÏÔÁÔ. (¶ÚˆÙ·ÁfiÚ·˜, °ÔÚÁ›·˜, ∫Ú›ÙˆÓ, º·›‰ˆÓ,
º·›‰ÚÔ˜ Î.·.). ªfiÓÔ ÛÙÔ˘˜ << ¡fiÌÔ˘˜ >> ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ô ™ˆÎÚ¿Ù˘.
∞Ó·ıÚÂÌ̤ÓÔ˜ Û ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· Ì ·ÚÈÛÙÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË, Ô
¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·Ì›¯ıËΠÛÙË ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ˙ˆ‹ Ù˘ ∞ı‹Ó·˜, ·Ó Î·È Â›¯Â
‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÚfiÛ‚·Û˘. ∏ ‰ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ú¿Ù·ÍË Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÙfiÙ ÛÙËÓ
ÂÍÔ˘Û›· ‰ÂÓ ÈηÓÔÔÈÔ‡Û ÙȘ ÚÔÛ‰Ô˘ ÙÔ˘.

∞fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÏÂ˘Ú¿, Ë ÌÂÙ·‚·ÙÈ΋ ÂÔ¯‹, ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ˙Ô‡ÛÂ


¤‰ÂȯÓ ÙËÓ ·Ô‰˘Ó¿ÌˆÛË Ù˘ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ ÔÚ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ˘ ( ¶fiÏȘ
– ∫Ú¿ÙÔ˜ ). ªÂ Ù· ¤ÚÁ· ÙÔ˘ << ¶ÔÏÈÙ›· >> Î·È << ¡fiÌÔÈ >> Ô ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ
ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ·›ÙËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ηÈÚÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ó¤·˜ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜
ÔÏÈÙ‡̷ÙÔ˜.

∞fi Ù· ÔÏÏ¿ Î·È Ì·ÎÚÈÓ¿ Ù·Í›‰È· Ô˘ ¤Î·Ó ·ÔÎfiÌÈÛ ÁÓÒÛÂȘ


Î·È ÂÌÂÈڛ˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ‰ÔΛ̷ÛÂ Î·È ÂÚÈ¤ÙÂȘ Ô˘ ÛËÌ¿‰Â„·Ó ÙË ˙ˆ‹
ÙÔ˘. ¶ÚÒÙ·, ‹Á ÛÙËÓ ∞›Á˘ÙÔ, ÔÔ‡ ÁÓÒÚÈÛÂ Î·È ÌÂϤÙËÛ ÙÔÓ
·Ó¿Ú¯·ÈÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi Ù˘. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¤Î·Ó ÂÓÙ‡ˆÛË Ë ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙËÙ·
ÙˆÓ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ıÂÛÌÒÓ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜. ∞fi ÂΛ
‹Á ÛÙËÓ ∫˘Ú‹ÓË, fiÔ˘ ¤ÌÂÈÓ ϛÁÔ Î·ÈÚfi ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÛËÌÔ
Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎfi £Âfi‰ˆÚÔ, ÂÌÏÔ˘Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ÁÓÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË °ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›·.

∆Ô 387 .¯., Û ËÏÈΛ· Û·Ú¿ÓÙ· ÂÙÒÓ ‹Á ÛÙËÓ Î¿Ùˆ πÙ·Ï›·. ∂Λ
›¯Â ÙËÓ Â˘Î·ÈÚ›· Ó· ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÙȘ ıˆڛ˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÔÈÎÒÓ ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊÈÎÒÓ
Û¯ÔÏÒÓ. ∫·ÙfiÈÓ ‹Á ÛÙË ™ÈÎÂÏ›·, fiÔ˘ ¤ÌÂÈÓ ÊÈÏÔÍÂÓÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ
∞˘Ï‹ ÙÔ˘ ∆‡Ú·ÓÓÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ™˘Ú·ÎÔ˘ÛÒÓ ¢ÈÔÓ˘Û›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ∞’ Î·È Û˘Ó‰¤ıËÎÂ
ÊÈÏÈο Ì ÙÔ ¢›ˆÓ·, ÙÔÓ ·‰ÂÏÊfi Ù˘ Á˘Ó·›Î·˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆‡Ú·ÓÓÔ˘. º·›ÓÂÙ·È
fiÙÈ Ë ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚÈ· Ì ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÌÈÏÔ‡ÛÂ Ô ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ ‰˘Û·Ú¤ÛÙËÛ ÙÔ
¢ÈÔÓ‡ÛÈÔ, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÙÔÓ ÂÈ‚›‚·Û Ì ÙË ‚›· Û ¤Ó· ÏÔ›Ô Ô˘ ¤Ê¢ÁÂ
ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. √ ΢‚ÂÚÓ‹Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ ÏÔ›Ô˘ Ô‡ÏËÛ ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ· ˆ˜
‰Ô‡ÏÔ ÛÙËÓ ∞›ÁÈÓ·. ∂˘Ù˘¯Ò˜ οÔÈÔ˜ ÁÓˆÛÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ∫˘Ú‹ÓË ÙÔÓ
·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛÂ Î·È ·ÊÔ‡ ÙÔÓ ÂÍ·ÁfiÚ·ÛÂ, ÙÔÓ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛÂ. ŒÙÛÈ Ô
¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ Á‡ÚÈÛ ¿ÏÈ ÛÙËÓ ∞ıËÓ¿.

°ÓˆÛÙfi˜ È· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÎÏÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙȘ Û˘˙ËÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ηÈ
Ù· Û˘ÁÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ›¯Â ‹‰Ë ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂÈ, Ô ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ ›‰Ú˘Û ÙÔ 385 .¯.
ÂÚ›Ô˘, ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊÈ΋ Û¯ÔÏ‹ Ì ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ∞η‰ËÌ›·. ø˜ ·ÓÒÙ·ÙÔ
ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi ›‰Ú˘Ì· Âȉ›ˆÎ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË. °È’ ·˘Ùfi ÛÙË
Û¯ÔÏ‹ ‰È‰¿ÛÎÔÓÙ·Ó Ë ·ÛÙÚÔÓÔÌ›·, Ù· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Ë
ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›·. ∏ ∞η‰ËÌ›·, Ë ÔÔ›· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û ¿Óˆ ·fi ÂÓÓÈ·ÎfiÛÈ·


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¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ¤ÎÏÂÈÛ ÙÔÓ 6Ô ·È. Ì.¯. ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ‰È·Ù·Á‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞˘ÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ·
πÔ˘ÛÙÈÓÈ·ÓÔ‡. ∂Λ Ô ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ ‰¿ÛηÏÔ˜ ÂÚÁ¿ÛÙËΠ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈο ¿Óˆ
·fi 20 ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ıˆڛ˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο ÌÂ
ÙËÓ ÔÓÙÔÏÔÁ›·, Ô˘ ı¤ÙÂÈ ÙÔ ÂÚÒÙËÌ· ÙÈ Â›Ó·È << ÔÓ >> Î·È ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ
ÛÙË ‰È·Ù‡ˆÛË Ù˘ ıˆڛ·˜ ÙˆÓ È‰ÂÒÓ.

∏ ¶Ï·ÙˆÓÈ΋ ‰È·ÏÂÎÙÈ΋ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÈ Ù· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·,


¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô ÙˆÓ ÂÚˆÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È Ì¤Û·
·fi ÙÔ Ú›ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙˆÓ ·fi„ÂˆÓ (ıÂÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ·ÚÓËÙÈÎÒÓ)
ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÂ Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·. √È ÂÚˆÙ‹ÛÂȘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÂÚÂı›ÛÌ·Ù· ÁÈ·
ÙËÓ „˘¯‹, Ë ÔÔ›· Â›Ó·È ·ı¿Ó·ÙË, ·ÊÔ‡ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÎÏËÛË Ù˘ ÌÓ‹Ì˘
ı˘Ì¿Ù·È ÙȘ ·ÈÒÓȘ ·Ï‹ıÂȘ Ô˘ ›¯Â ‰ÂÈ ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘
ÚÔ¸¿Ú͈˜ Ù˘ ÛÙÔÓ ˘ÂÚÔ˘Ú¿ÓÈÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Î·È Ì ÙÔ ‚·Ù‹Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¤ÚˆÙ·
ˆıÂ›Ù·È ÛÙË ı¤·Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ™ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›· Ô ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ ıˆÚ› fiÙÈ
ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÂÍÔ˘Û›· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÛÎÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÛÒÊÚÔÓ˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ÊÙ¿ÓÔ˘Ó
ÛÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ·ÚÂÙ‹ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ·È‰Â›·˜. ŸÙ·Ó ÙÔ 367 .¯. ¤ı·Ó Ô
Ù‡Ú·ÓÓÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ™˘Ú·ÎÔ˘ÛÒÓ ÙÔÓ ¢ÈÔÓ‡ÛÈÔ˜ ∞’, Ô Ó·Úfi˜ ÁÈÔ˜ ηÈ
‰È¿‰Ô¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛοÏÂÛ ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ· ÛÙË ™ÈÎÂÏ›· ˆ˜ ‰¿ÛηÏÔ Î·È
Û‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ ÙÔ˘. ŒÙÛÈ Ù·Í›‰Â„ ÁÈ· ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔ ÓËÛ›, Ì ÙËÓ
ÂÏ›‰· Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙȘ ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ȉ¤Â˜, ÁÈ·Ù› ›ÛÙ¢ fiÙÈ
ı· Ï›„Ô˘Ó Ù· ‰Â›Ó· ·fi ÙȘ ÎÔÈӈӛ˜, ·Ó ÔÈ ÊÈÏfiÛÔÊÔÈ Á›ÓÔ˘Ó
ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ› ËÁ¤Ù˜ Ë ÔÈ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ› ËÁ¤Ù˜ ÊÈÏfiÛÔÊÔÈ. ∏ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ÙÔ˘
fï˜ ‚ڋΠÂÌfi‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ó¤Ô˘ Ù‡Ú·ÓÓÔ˘. ªÂÙ¿
·fi Ï›Á· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ÙÔ 361 .¯. ‹Á ÛÙË ™ÈÎÂÏ›· ÁÈ· ÙÚ›ÙË ÊÔÚ¿.

√ ¢ÈÔÓ‡ÛÈÔ˜ µ’ fï˜, ÊÔ‚Ô‡ÌÂÓÔ˜ ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓË Û˘ÓˆÌÔÛ›·


ÂÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ Ù‹ÚËÛ ÙËÓ ˘fiÛ¯ÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔÓ
¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ· Î·È ÙÔÓ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙË Ê˘Ï·Î‹. ªÂ ÙË ÌÂÛÔÏ¿‚ËÛË ÙÔ˘
ÊÈÏfiÛÔÊÔ˘ Ê›ÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¯‡ÙÙ· ∆·Ú·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘, Ô ¶Ï¿ÙˆÓ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒıËÎÂ
Î·È Á‡ÚÈÛ ÛÙËÓ ∞ı‹Ó·, fiÔ˘ ¤Ú·Û ÂÈÚËÓÈο Ù· ˘fiÏÔÈ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘
˙ˆ‹˜ ÙÔ˘. ŒÌÂÈÓ ¿Á·ÌÔ˜ Î·È ˆ˜ Ù· ‚·ıÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÚ¿Ì·Ù· ‰›‰·ÛÎÂ,
Û˘˙ËÙÔ‡ÛÂ Î·È ¤ÁÚ·ÊÂ. ∆Ô ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛÎËÛ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Â›‰Ú·ÛË ·fi ÙËÓ
·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ· ¤ˆ˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ·. ¶¤ı·Ó ÙÔ 347 .¯. Û ËÏÈΛ· ÔÁ‰fiÓÙ· ¯ÚÔÓÒÓ,
·Ê‹ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ¤Ó· ¤ÚÁÔ ÁÂÌ¿ÙÔ ıÂÈ· ÓÔ‹.


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E ‚ÈÔÛ Ï·ÙˆÓÔÛ ‚' - EK¢O™I™ 1.0 5

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E ‚ÈÔÛ Ï·ÙˆÓÔÛ ‚' - EK¢O™I™ 1.0 7

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