Cell Biology Biology

Cell Biology Biology

Cell cell biology Farmasi
Cell cell biology Farmasi
Learn Science! Cell cell biology Farmasi

T E A C H I N G T E A M
Why Study Cell Biology?

The key to every

biological problem must
finally be sought in the
cell, for every living
organism is, or at some
time has been, a cell.
E.B. Wilson, 1925
Some Random Cell Facts

The average human being is

composed of around 100 Trillion
individual cells

WOW!!!
Properties of Life
Living organisms:
– are composed of cells
– are complex and ordered
– respond to their environment
– can grow and reproduce
– obtain and use energy
– maintain internal balance
– allow for evolutionary adaptation
The Cell Theory Complete

The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory were now

complete :
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
(Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden
& Schwann)(1838-39)
3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells.
(Virchow)(1858)

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Figure 14-37 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

 Modern Cell Theory
Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in addition to
the original Cell Theory :

1. The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is

passed on from cell to cell during cell division.
2. All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition and metabolic activities.
3. All basic chemical & physiological functions are
carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion,etc)
4. Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular
structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma
membrane)
T E A C H I N G T E A M

Figure 14-37 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

What jobs do cells have to do?
make proteins
proteins control every
cell function
make energy
for daily life
for growth
make more cells
growth
repair
TEACHING TEAM
renewal
Levels of Organization
Cellular Organization
cells
organelles
molecules

atoms

The cell is the

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basic unit of life.
Levels of Organization
Organismal Level
organism
organ systems
organs

tissues
SEL PROKARIOT DAN
SEL EUKARIOT

T E A C H I N G T E A M
 Types of Cells
Cell Types

Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

http://www-class.unl.edu/bios201a/spring97/group6
Types of cells
no organelles

organelles

Eukaryote Eukaryote
animal cells plant cells
T E A C H I N G T E A M
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Animal and Plant Cells Have More
Similarities Than Differences
 Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Organisms
Procaryotes Eucaryotes
Organisms archaea, bacteria protists, fungi, plants, animals

Cell linear dim. 1-10 m 10-100 m

Metabolism anaerobic or aerobic aerobic or anaerobic

nucleus, chloroplasts,
Organelles no mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, etc.

DNA circular, in cytoplasm very long linear molecules

RNA and protein RNA and protein synthesized
in same compartment
Cytoplasm no cytoskeleton:
no cytoplasmic streaming, no
endocytosis, no exocytosis
Cell division chromosomes pulled apart by
attachment to plasma membrane
Cellular mainly unicellular
organization
bounded by nuclear envelope
RNA synthesized in nucleus;
protein, in cytoplasm
cytoskeleton composed of
protein filaments; cytoplasmic
streaming; endocytosis and
exocytosis
chromosomes pulled apart by
cytoskeletal spindle apparatus
mainly multicellular, with
differentiation of many cell types
 Feature Prokaryote Eukaryote

Size Up to 40 micrometers
Small about 0.5 micrometers

Genetic DNA in form of linear

Circular DNA (in cytoplasm)
material chromosomes ( in nucleus)

Many organelles:
•Double membranes e.g.:
Organelles Few present, none membrane
nucleus, mitochondria &
bound
chloroplasts
•Single membrane e.g.: GA, ER &
lysosomes

Rigid formed from

•Fungi: rigid, formed from
Cell walls glycoproteins (mainly polysaccharide, chitin.
murein) •Plant: rigid, formed from
polysaccharides. E.g.: cellulose.
•Animals no cell wall

Ribosome’s 70s 80s

Cell Size
Cell Structure and Function

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Prokaryotic Cell

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Prokaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cells
First cell type on earth
Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotic Cells
No membrane bound nucleus
Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration
Organelles not bound by membranes
Struktur :
DNA & RNA : nukleoid
Tidak memiliki endomembran, mitokondria dan
kloroplas, tetapi punya struktur yang berfungsi
sama yaitu mesosom dan kromatofor
Contoh: bakteri dan ganggang biru.

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Dinding Sel :
1. Struktur : tersusun atas: polisakarida, lemak, protein.
Fungsi : sebagai pelindung, pemberi bentuk tetap dan
terdapat pori-pori sebagai media transport
2. Membran plasma:
Struktur: tersusun atas molekul lemak dan protein.
Fungsi: sebagai pelindung thdp lingkungan sekitar, Transport

3. Sitoplasma:
Struktur: tersusun atas air, protein, lemak, mineral, dan enzim2.
Fungsi: Enzim2, digunkan untuk mencerna makanan
ekstraseluler dan melakukan metabolisme sel.

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4. Mesosom :
Struktur: terdapat pada membran plasma yang melekuk ke
dalam membentuk organel sel : mesosom.
Fungsi: Sebagai penghasil energi
Terdapat enzim : reaksi oksidasi untuk menghasilkan energi.

5. Ribosom: tempat berlangsungnya sintesis protein.

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6. DNA (Asam deoksiribonukleat) : deoxyribonucleic acid.
Struktur: merupakan persenyawaan atas gula deoksiribosa,
fosfat dan basa2 Nitrogen.
Fungsi: sebagai pembawa informasi genetik

7. RNA (Asam ribonukleat) : ribonucleic acid.

Hasil transkripsi (hasil cetakan, hasil kopian) DNA.
Membawa kode2 genetik sesuai dengan pesanan DNA

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• Dinding sel pada sel prokariotik (bakteri) tersusun atas
peptidoglikan, yang berfungsi sebagai pelindung sel dari
lingkungan luar dan juga mencegah sel pecah (sitolisis)
akibat tekanan osmotik melawan lingkungan yang
hipotonik.
• Kromosom pada sel prokariotik berbentuk sirkular
• Sel prokariotik memiliki DNA extrachromosomal yang
disebut PLASMID, yang berfungsi sebagai daya tahan
terhadap antibiotik.
 Prokaryote Characteristics (review)
Cell wall
Why does a cell wall benefit a free-living organism?
Gram Positive: Thick PG layer / no outer layer
Gram Negative: Multi-layered & complex cell wall.
Thin PG layer surrounded by a lipopolysaccharide
membrane.
**Penicillin inhibits the development of peptidoglycan.
Which bacterial type is more affected by penicillin?
** Tears, mucous, and saliva contain ______ that dissolve
bacterial cell walls away.
Prokaryote Characteristics (review)

Capsule: Some bacteria develop a jelly-like

coating surrounding the cell wall.
Four functions:
Prevents the cell from drying out
Helps the cells to stick to surfaces
Helps prokaryotes to slide on surfaces
Keep bacteria form being destroyed by host
organism
Prokaryote Characteristics (review)
Flagella
Used for motility
Spin like propellers
Structurally different than eukaryotic flagella
What is the difference?
Pili
Short, bristle appendages with two functions
• Attach bacteria to surfaces
• Assist in transfer of DNA during conjugation
Eukaryotic Cells

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