Name: _______________________________________ Date: ________ Score: _________

I. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1. A plant’s cell wall surrounds the plant cell and provides protection and support for the interior portion of
the cell.
2. Cellulose, a type of polysaccharide carbohydrate, makes up a great deal of the cell wall.
3. Diets that are high in cellulose, which is often times referred to as fiber, help maintain digestive health.
4. Another function of the cell wall is to maintain a condition known as osmotic balance.
5. Diffusion is the natural tendency for molecules to spread out inside of a medium like air or water.
6. A cell that contains less salt than the surrounding water is said to be in a hypertonic solution.
7. Cells that do not have a cell wall are at risk of cellular lysis.
8. Small passageways exist between the plant cell walls to move materials from one cell to the next. These
small channels are called plasmodesmata.
9. In the area between the cell wall and the cell interior is the cell membrane.
10. A vacuole is an organelle within the cell that is surrounded by a membrane and contains a liquid solution
of water and other materials such as enzymes.
11. Vacuoles play a variety of roles in the plant cell. One of their most important roles is in the control and
removal of toxic substances.
12. The inside of a vacuole has a low pH and is, therefore, a base.
13. Turgor pressure in plant cells is the amount of pressure that the vacuole exerts on the cell walls.
14. An autotroph can produce food energy from nonliving sources. The word autotroph comes from the
Latin term that means “self feeding.”
15. One of the unique components of plant cells that sets them apart from animal cells is the presence of
chloroplasts
16. Inside the membrane, the components of the chloroplast float in a fluid material known as stroma.
17. Thylakoids are where those reactions that turn radiant light energy into food take place, the process
known as photosynthesis.
18. A cell’s nucleus contains nucleic acids that provide the blueprints for the production of proteins and the
expression of genes.
19. The other portion of the cytoplasm is made up of the organelles.
20. All the different forms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are made of networks of flattened membranous
disks, which are called cisternae.
21. Ribosomes are the components in the cell that make proteins.
22. The RER is assisted in this process by the Golgi apparatus, one of the other organelles found within the
cell.
23. The Golgi apparatus functions as a shipping dock, moving materials from one area to another inside the
cell.
24. Cellular respiration is the process of making cellular energy that the cell can use to carry out life
functions.
25. Mitochondria also play an important part in apoptosis, or prescribed cell death.
26. The cytoskeleton gives the cell support and helps organize the structure of the internal portion of the
cell.
27. Another type of fi lament called microtubules prevents the cell from being crushed by the pressure
around it.
28. Amyloplasts function to store starch and exist only in certain plant cells.
29. Chromoplasts are plastids inside the plant cell that are responsible for pigment storage.
30. Proteinoplasts are unique to plant cells and, like other plastids, they store materials that the plant needs.