Task I (TOPIK-TOPIK KHUSUS TEKNIK FISIKA)

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER (WET) USING ULTRA

HIGH FREQUENCY (UHF) AND VERY HIGH
FREQUENCY (VHF) FOR ELECTRONIC HUMAN
BODY RECHARGING

FAHMY RINANDA SAPUTRI

16/407723/PTK/11354

Concentration
INSTRUMENTATION

MASTER’S PROGRAMME OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS

DEPARTEMENT OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING
PHYSICS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
SEPTEMBER, 2017
Introduction
In recent years, Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) has been researched intensively
[1]-[11]. WET system has more advantage than transfering energy using wires, i.e.
flexibility, and enjoyability as well. WET has been widely recognized as a promising
technology to solve the energy scarcity problem in energy-constrained wireless
networks by integrating the radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting capability into
wireless devices [12]. Energy harvesting techniques can prolong the lifetime and
improve the scalability of some energy constrained networks by capturing energy
from the surrounding environment, such as wind, solar, and radio frequency (RF)
signals [13]. The utilization of WET terms is flexible because the main concept of
transfer some energy or power without wires is equal and and have the potential to
make our lives truly wireless [14].
Utilizing WET system for transfering energy will not dependent with the limited
wires. WET system is promising technology to be applied in many field, such as
instrumentation, medical, also in communication. In addition, WET can be used in the
extream location like in nuclear radiation field and human body as a implant.
Although experimenting about energy transfer based on wireless is widely done, but
the low effiecient energy is still a problem. The other issues also are on the size and
shape of the receiver unit.

Statement of Problem
The low efficient energy transfer of WET system is still a problem. In order to
figure out the efficiency of the energy transfer, the experiment must be conducted
intensively. The complexities of the measurement system setup and assessment of the
sufficient energy both transmitter and receiver will also be discussed. Then, size and
shape of the receiver unit should be possible to be planted in the human body for
utilizing human implant device battery charging without doing surgery operation for
battery replacing. Thus, the size and shape of the receiver unit is not more than 1 cm3
and are designed for able to receive the maximum energy but minimize in the receiver
unit size.
Objectives
The purposes of this research are to get the optimum energy efficiency received
and design of the unit receiver and evaluate the result for the security transfer energy
method for human body implant device recharging.

Advantages
The advantages of this research is the availability of a new method in the energy
transfer and can be implemented for human body implant device recharging, so can
recharge implant device without doing surgery.

Originality

The authenticity of the research is the transfer of energy using Ultra High
Frequency (UHF) or Very High Frequency (VHF) to human body implan device
recharging. This research focused on the analysis and optimization of the energy
efficiency received and the design of the unit receiver. The energy source can be a
radio transmitter or harvesting electromagnetic wave in the environment as well.

Literature Review

Sunarno’s experiment has been succsessfully to transfer energy using microwave

in ultra high frequency [1]. Thus, Wenzheng Xu, et.al. have been proven that WET
method can be used for smartphones batery charging [2]. Moreover, the experiment
on wireless energy transfer has been popular recently in many fields, such as for the
utilization for biomedical devices [3]-[8], smartphone battery charging [2], vehicle
charging [9], and wireless communication [10], [11].

Tabel 1. State Of The Art Research

No Year Title Method and Result
1 2017 Stable and High-Efficiency The method uses a mixed resonance
Wireless Power Transfer scheme and modified Helmholtz coil
System for Robotic (MHC). The experimental results
Capsule Using a Modified showed that the proposed sysstem
Helmholtz Coil [3]. attained power stability of 94.62% and
power transfer efficiency of 4.9%
 under worst position of the receiving
coil.
2 Wireless Power Delivery to The experiment is using near-field
Flexible Subcutaneous capasitive coupling (NCC). The
Implants Using Capacitive experiments confirm that the PTE is
Coupling [4]. over 50% for a 20 mm × 20 mm
realized patch dimension, and has
minimal variation in performance, due
to flexion deformati
3 Intermediate Range Experimental results identified that the
Wireless Power Transfer proposed coil segmentation technique
With Segmented Coil for mid-range wireless energy transfer
Transmitters for can reduce the transmitter voltage to a
Implantable Heart Pumps safe level (∼10 Vrms ) significantly.
[5]. These results demonstrate that wireless
power transfer using a segmented coil
can drive relatively high power
applications, such as heart pumps,
while maintaining a safe voltage.
4 Maximizing Charging The experimental result showed that
Satisfaction of Smartphone the proposed algorithms that they used
Users via Wireless Energy are very promising, and over 90
Transfer [2]. percent of energy-critical users can be
charged on time in the solution
delivered by the proposed distributed,
online, and approximation algorithms.
5 A Four-Plate Compact Using the circuit model of the plates,
Capacitive Coupler Design the dimensions of the plates can be
and LCL-Compensated determined for electric vehicle
Topology for Capacitive charging application. The prototype of
Power Transfer in Electric the capacitive power transfer system
Vehicle Charging was design and acieved an efficiency
Application [9]. of 85.87% at 1.88-kW output power
 with a 150-mm air gap distance.
6 ReflectFX: In-band Full- Their work offers a new concept for
duplex wireless two-way wireless communication:
communication by means rather than avoiding selfinterference as
of reflected power [10]. in half-duplex, or combatting self-
interference as in conventional full-
duplex, nodes will re-use the received
interfering radio-carrier waves to
transfer information.
7 Mode Division The method uses mode division
Multiplexing multiplexing communication using
Communication Using microwave orbital angular momentum.
Microwave Orbital The experiment results show high
Angular Momentum: An spectral efficiency as well as low
Experimental Study [11]. receiver complexity.
8 2014 The Wireless Energy The result of the experiment is
Transfer Experiment using successfully to transfer energy using
Electromagnetic Wave microwave in ultra high frequency.
based on Ultra High
Frequency Band [1].

Hypotesis

The method of Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) in this research is using Ultra
High Frequency (UHF) and the parabolic antenna combine with the Yagi-Uda model
antenna as a transmitter. The advantage of the combination both of antenna are the
beaming pattern. The beams pattern is very focus in the very narrow spot area. Thus,
the hypothesis is the using of combination model antenna is reasonable, since this
model is very easy to set-up and able to be set up in multi array mode in order the
increased the efficiency as well and using this model antenna with the very high
power source should be investigated, in order to minimize the receiver size.

Research Methodology

 Materials
 The materials used in this research are UHF/VHF radio transmitter, Transmit
watt meter, Receive watt meter, Tx probe, Rx probe, reflector, voltage meter,
current meter, rechargable battery, Arduino UNO microprosessor, LCD 16x2, and
Arduino IDE software.

 Methods

This thesis proposal presents experimental method using electromagnetic

waves as a media for transferring energy. The transmitter will transfer the energy
through to the receiver. Transmitter’s antenna changes electron waves to
electromagnetic waves consisting of photon to the receiver’s antenna. Transferred
energy in the form of the photon is modified to DC current about 5 volt.
WET system is designed using radio wave at UHF band as the energy carrier.
Measuring the measured energy uses Firstcom FR-488 instrument and the Yagi-
Uda 5 antenna. For the load, we use four LEDs that are set parallel. The totals of
resistances are 150 ohm in the 12-volt transmitter unit. The power of transmitter
is set at high position, 39 watt. Range of various frequencies in this paper is 400
MHz to 489 MHz and the SWR is 1.2.
The research methodology specifically shows as flow-chart in Figure 1.
 Figure 1 Research flow chart

Basic principle of WET using Ultra High Frequency (UHF) is shown in

Figure 2 and the WET esperimen system diagram in this research is shown in
Figure 3.
 Figure 2 Diagram block of wireless energy transfer system [1]

Figure 3 The wireless energy transfer experiment system diagram

In the transmitter unit, we used Yagi-Uda style antenna. The antenna

converted the electron current to be electromagnetic wave. The energy was sent
from the transmitter in the electromagnetic wave state, and was beamed by the
Yagi-Uda antenna to the receiver device. Of course the electromagnetic wave
does not need any cable or conductor wires to carry the energy, and will put the
receiver unit as electronic current state. This current did fill the battery along the
transmitter or energy source unit is on.
The Yagi-Uda model antenna as a reflector was satisfy the energy transfer
process, however, it was found that the energy transfer efficiency was lower than
by using parabolic antenna. Even though, the using of Yagi-Uda model antenna is
reasonable, since this model is very easy to set-up and able to be set up in multi
array mode in order the increased the efficiency as well. The advantage of the
Yagi-Uda antenna is the beaming pattern. The beam pattern is very focus in the
very narrow spot area. Moreover, the distance between transmitter units to the
receiver unit is up to 10 meters with the reasonable in energy transfer efficiency.
In the near future using this multi-array Yagi-Uda model antenna with the very
high power source should be investigated, in order to minimize the receiver size.
The minimizing the dimension of the receiver is very important since the human
organ electronic implant should as small as possible.
The position of the transmitter unit is rotated every 30°. Every changed of
angle is noted as a current measurement. The current is conversed to the energy
value from the receiver unit. Various of distance is also experimented in this
researched, so we will know when the distance is still allow energy transfers
occur in the transmitter and receiver. The efficiency will be calculated by
comparing the current in the each position. The other efficiency is calculated by
comparing transferring current with the distance between transmitter and receiver
unit.
Figure 4 shows wireless energy transfer for human implantation system
diagram that will be used in this experiment, specifically for bone vibrator
implantation system as in Figure 5.

Figure 4 Wireless energy transfer for human implantation experiment system

diagram
 Figure 4 Bone vibrator implantation system

References

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