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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Markers are major requirements in education. It plays an important role in artworks

and writing in different ways and designed to create various permanent writings on objects

with genuine possibilities and enormous creative. With endless usage of markers, many

did not know that markers have limitations and usually, it is a problem for calligraphers

and artist to provide the ink of markers they are using. Markers ink are mostly made from

synthetic materials like petroleum and chemical solvent. The ink of markers are composed

of three main components, the colorant that classified into two types, the pigment or dye

that gives ink specific color, the solvent which is the key to permanent markers because

without solvent, the marker would not work and the resin that glues the polymer and

ensures that ink colorant sticks to paper once the solvent evaporates.

According to Reyshan (2018), Water hyacinth is a water plant that have rooted sert

and hollow stems and frequently regarded as weed because it hides the underwater life

process from the sun that causes the decreasing of oxygen solubility rate in water. The

growth and development of water lilies can occur very fast because it is adaptable to its

nature and it develop more easily on rainy seasons. Water hyacinth considered as the most

productive plant because when in normal condition, it grows more than 200 tons per hectare

and when water concentration is high, it develops 657 tons per hectare.
Naga Central School (2011) proved that water lilies poses threats like clogging

intakes of irrigation, hindrance to water transportation, hydropower and water supply

system. Water lilies once blamed for severe flooding especially in Mindanao which

submerged several village in Cotabato City and Sultan Kudarat in the past months like the

typhoon Frank (2008) which worsen the situation, flooding nearby municipalities

containing more than 5000 houses. (Kwok, 2011). Edgardo Manda, the general manager

of Laguna Lake Development Authority, affirmed that these plants now cover some 20

percent of the lake's surface area and proliferation threatens survival aquatic species.

Exterminating water hyacinth by using pesticides and disinfectant and cutting the stem

alone are the various efforts the government have been done but still no effect because the

water hyacinth boost its immune system and the tubers in the water hyacinth continued to

survive. According to Jacinto and Lirio, Water lilies contributes in the increase of diseases

such as Malaria, dengue, water borne parasites, and other water borne diseases. St. Mary’s

Academy of Talisayan Misamis Oriental (2016) conclude that in order to create marker ink

out of plant extract, balance the ingredients such as water and plant source for it to produce

a natural odor and color, to avoid spreading of ink on paper of fabric and maintain the good

quality of the marker ink. The researchers used Mayana and Alugbati extract as the main

ingredients. Both may not produce strong tanning of color like commercial one but Mayana

and Alugbati ink do not produce strong odor. Furthermore, people will save money, time,

and effort because the ingredients and materials are easy to find. The researchers advice to

find out how the main ingredient can improve the color and absorption of the ink.

Water lilies are also one of the problems in many countries because of its

continuous growth. In other countries, water hyacinth turned into baskets and other

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recycled things. Water lily has no chemical composition that will harm the human body

and environment, therefore, it can be an alternative ink. Though lilies are pest plants, there

are many experimental ways on how to turn waste into great things.

The researchers perform an experiment to test the main variable. Water hyacinth

are known in many countries as pest plant because of its rapid growth and very fast

development. The researchers came up with an idea of making water lilies as an alternative

ink that will help in decreasing the population of water lilies and have alternative way of

refilling ink of markers. The water lily ink will be more safe, eco-friendly, and cheap

because it can be done and prepare at home. Also, the researchers find out that one of the

components of commercial markers contains very small toxic particles that can easily enter

the respiratory tract. In making water lily ink, the water hyacinth burned and become

powder. It is strained so unburned particles can be separated and sealed into a plastic

container. Blend the resin, alcohol, hyacinth, vinegar, salt and propylene glycol. After

mixing, filter the filtration water hyacinth. The more burned water hyacinth, the more ink

it gives and it will be more darker. The viscosity was tested as a quality comparator or

control to determine the degree of viscosity. Ink should not be too thin and should not be

too dense. The study manage to prove that water lilies have the proficiency to be an

alternative ink but still, the researchers are making variant procedures that can also verify

that water hyacinth are truly capable as an alternative source of markers ink.

The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of water hyacinth as an

alternative ink for markers which is in demand and needed by teachers, students, office

workers and other professionals in school, office and personal purposes for writing and

artworks. The researchers plan to give solution in refilling the markers in an eco-friendly

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and cheapest way that can do at home. The researcher desire to solve the problem on water

hyacinth's rapid growth by providing alternative way and that is turning water lilies into

ink.

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