Allen: Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division

TM Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division
For Class 6th to 10th, NTSE & Olympiads

Path to success KOTA (RAJASTHAN )
SOLUTION
THE ASSOCIATION OF MATHEMATICS TEACHERS OF INDIA
BHASKARA CONTEST - FINAL - JUNIOR
CLASS - IX & X
Instructions:
1. Answer as many questions as possible.
2. Elegant and novel solutions will get extra credits.
3. Diagrams and explanations should be given wherever necessary.
4. Fill in FACE SLIP and your rough working should be in the answer book.
5. Maximum time allowed is THREE hours.
6. All questions carry equal marks.
1. ABC is a right angled triangle with BC as hypotenuse. The medians drawn to BC and AC are perpendicular to each
other. If AB has length 1 cm, find the area of triangle ABC.
Sol. Clearly a is median of DABC
B
In DBAG,
N
q
2x 2x E
cosq = ....(i)
1 1
G
x
E
In DABD,
C
A y D y
1
cosq = ....(ii)
L
3x
1 1
L
from (i) and (ii), 2x = Þ x2 =
3x 6
Now, In DABD, (3x)2 = y2 + (1)2

Þ y2 = 9x2 – 1
A
1
=9× –1
6
1 1
\ y2 = Þy=
2 2
1
Hence AC = 2 ´
2
1 1 1 1
\ [ABC] = × AB × AC = ×2× =
2 2 2 2
1
Hence [ABC] =
2
1
SOLUTION
CLASS - IX & X
2. (a) Find the smallest positive integer such that it has exactly 100 different positive integer divisors including 1 and
the number itself.
(b) A rectangle can be divided into ‘n’ equal squares. The same rectangle can also be divided into (n + 76) equal
squares. Find n.
Sol. (a) Let the number be N = P1m1 × P2m2 × ........Pkmk here P1, P2 ..... Pk are the prime divisors.
So, number of divisiors = (m1 + 1)(m2 + 1) ........ (mk + 1). We need to find smallest N, such that
(m1 + 1)(m2 + 1) ....... (mk + 1) = 100.
Now, lets break 100 into product of decreasing numbers.
i.e., 100 = 100 × 1, 50 × 2, 25 × 4, 20 × 5, 10 × 10,
25 × 2 × 2, 10 × 5 × 2, 5 × 5 × 4, 5 × 5 × 2 × 2
Now, for the number to be smallest. It should be
N
N = 299,249 × 3, 224 × 33, 219 × 34, 29 × 39, 224 × 3 × 5, 29 × 34 × 5, 24 × 34 × 53, 24 × 34 × 5 × 7
Now, amongst all of these numbers
E
N = 24 × 34 × 5 × 7 = 45360, gives the least value
So, N = 45360
(b) Let ‘a’ be the side length of squares in 1 st condition and ‘b’ be the side length of square in 2 nd condition.
L
\ na2 = (n + 76)b2 where n Î I+ and a, b Î R.
2
æaö n + 76 76
L
Þ ç ÷ = = 1+
è bø n n
2
æaö
Now since, ç ÷ is a rational, so we will have two cases
A
è bø
Case 1: If n|76
So n can be 1, 2, 38, 76
76
But in any case 1 + ¹ (k)2
n
Case 2: If n |/ 76
Then n + 76 and n both must be perfect sqaures.
So, let n + 76 = l2 and n = m2
So l2 – m2 = 76
(l + m) (l – m) = 76
= 76 × 1
= 38 × 2
= 19 × 4
2
SOLUTION
CLASS - IX & X
l+m=76 ü
ý no integral solution
l – m=1 þ
l + m = 38 ü
ý l = 20, m = 18
l-m = 2 þ
l + m = 19 ü
ý no integral solution
l-m = 4 þ
So, n = m2
n = (18)2
N
n = 324 is the only solution
3. Prove that 1n + 2n + 3n + ... + 15n is divisible by 480 for all odd n ³ 5.
E
Sol. S = 1n + 2n + 3n + .......+ 15n
Divisibility by 3 :
L
S = (1n + 5n) + (2n + 13n) + (3n + 6n) + (4n + 8n) + (7n + 11n) + (9n + 12n) + (10n + 14n) + (15n)
Q an + bn is divisible by a + b, if n is odd. So pairing the number like above, proves that S is divisible by 3.
L
Divisibility by 5 :
S = (1n + 14n) + (2n + 13n) + (3n + 12n) + (4n + 11n) + (5n + 10n) + (6n + 9n) + (7n + 8n) + (15n)
Q an + bn is divisible by (a + b) if n is odd, so pairing the numbers like above, proves that S is divisible by 5.
A
Divisibility by 32 :
S = (2n + 4n + 6n + 8n + 10n + 12n + 14n) + (1n + 15n) + (3n + 13n) + (5n + 11n) + (7n + 9n)
For any odd n ³ 5, 2n + 4n + ...... + 14n º 0 (mod 32)
now, 1n + 15n º 16 (mod 32)
3n + 13n º 16 (mod 32)
5n + 11n º 16 (mod 32)
7n + 9n º 16 (mod 32)
Adding all, we get
1n + 15n + 3n + 13n + 5n + 11n + 7n + 9n º 64 (mod 32)
º 0 (mod 32)
So, S is divisible by 3 × 5 × 32 = 480.
4. Is it possible to have 19 lines in a plane such that (1) no three lines have a common point and (2) they have exactly
95 points of intersection. Validate.
3
SOLUTION
CLASS - IX & X
Sol. Let us take two sets of parallel lines one having 12 lines, another having 5 lines also let us take 2 non parallel lines.
{no three lines are concurrent}
Now, total number of points of intersection will be
= 12 × 5 + 12 × 1 + 12 × 1 + 5 × 1 + 5 × 1 + 1 × 1
= 95
\ Yes, it is possible
Altenate :
Again let us take two sets of parallel lines, one having 11 lines, one having 7 lines and 1 line not parallel to previous
lines.
Þ Number of points of intersections = 19C2 – 11C2 – 7C2 = 95
Which again leads to the conclusion that yes, it is possible.
N
5. In a trapezium ABCD with AB parallel to CD, the diagonals intersect at P. The area of D ABP is
72 cm2 and of DCDP is 50 cm2. Find the area of the trapezium.
D C
E
50 h2
h1 P
Sol. x
x 72
L
A B
Let area DADP = area DCBP = x
L
arDABP BP arDBPC
= =
arDADP DP arDDPC
72 x
A
= = Þ x = 60
x 50
ar ABCD = 2 x + 72 + 50
= 120 + 72 + 50 = 242
Alternate
D C
h2 50
P
h1 72
A B
DABP ~ DCDP
2 2
arDABP æ AB ö 72 æ AB ö
=ç ÷ Þ =ç ÷
arDCDP è CD ø 50 è CD ø
36 æ AB ö AB 6
= Þ =
25 çè CD ÷ø CD 5
4
SOLUTION
CLASS - IX & X
Let AB = 6x
CD = 5x
1
Then ar DABP = 6x, h1 = 72
2
24
h1 =
x
1
ar DCDP = ´ 5x ´ h 2 = 50
2
20
h2 =
x
N
44
h = h1 + h2 =
x
E
1
area ABCD = (AB + CD)h
2
L
1 44
= (6x + 5 x) ×
2 x
L
1 44
= ´ 11x ´ = 242 cm2
2 x
6. Let a < b < c be three positive integers. Prove that among any 2c consecutive positive integers there exists three
different numbers x, y, z such that abc divides xyz.
A
Sol. Given a < b < c
for every 2c consecutive number, there are two number, which are divisible by c.
say r, r + c are divisible by c.
now, since a < b < c
atleast 2a and 2b are in 2c which are divisble by a and b respectively
Say m, m + a divisible by a
n, n + b divisible by b.
let r ¹ m ¹ n
then take r = x, m = y & n = 2
So, xyz is divisible by abc.
If r = m ¹ n
then r + c ¹ m + a ¹ n or n + b
let r + c = x
m+a=y
n or n + b = 2
5
SOLUTION
CLASS - IX & X
Then xyz is again divisible by abc.
Similiarly if r ¹ m = n
and if r = m = n, then
r+a¹m+b¹n+c
so take r + a = x
m+b=y
n+c=2
So xyz is again divisible by abc.
7. (a) Let m, n be positive integers. If m 3 + n3 is the square of an integer, then prove that (m + n) is not a product of
two different prime numbers.
N
(b) a,b,c are real numbers such that. ab + bc + ca = –1. Prove a2 + 5b2 + 8c2 ³ 4
Sol. (a) m3 + n3 = k2
E
(m + n) (m2 – mn + n2) = k2
To prove : m + n is not a product of two prime numbers.
L
let us consider several cases
Case 1: HCF of (m, n) = 1
L
then, let G be the GCD of (m + n, m2 + n2 – mn)
So G | (m + n)2 – (m2 + n2 – mn)
G|3mn
A
alsoG|m + n
But GCD of (m + n, mn) = 1
So G|3
Now, if m + n = pq, p, q are different primes.
then pq|k2
Þ pq|k
Þ p2q2|k2
Þ pq|m2 – mn + n2
so pq|(m2 + n2 – mn, m + n)
Þ pq|3 which gives a contradiction.
Case 2: HCF of (m, n) = D (not equal to 1)
Let m = Dp, n = Dq, GCD (p, q) = 1
m + n = D (p + q) = p1p2
6
SOLUTION
CLASS - IX & X
So D is prime, p + q is prime which is different from D.
Also D(p + q) | m2 + n2 – mn
So p + q | D2 (p2 + q2 – pq)
p + q is prime different from D.
But GCD (p + q, p2 + q2 – pq) = 1 or 3
GCD (p, q) = 1
So p + q = 3
Now let p = 1, q = 2
p2 + q2 – pq = 3
N
and equation becomes
D3 (3)(3) = k2
k2 = 9D3
E
Which is contradiction as D is a prime.
(b) ab + bc + ca = –1
L
a2 + 5b2 + 8c2 – 4 ³ 0
a2 + 5b2 + 8c2 + 4(–1) ³ 0
L
a2 + 5b2 + 8c2 + 4(ab + bc + ca) ³ 0
a2 + 5b2 + 8c2 + 4ab + 4bc + 4ca ³ 0
A
(a)2 + (2b)2 + (2c)2 + 2(a)(2b) + 2(2b)(2c) + 2(2c)(a) + b2 + 4c2 – 4bc ³ 0
(a + 2b + 2c)2 + (b – 2c)2 ³ 0
Now since a, b, c are all real numbers, and we shown sum of two perfect squares is greater than or equal to
zero. Hence, this completes the proof.
8. ABCD is a quadrilateral in a circle whose diagonals intersect at right angles. Through O the centre of the circle,
GOG' and HOH' are drawn parallel to AC, BD respectively, meeting AB, CD in G,H and DC, AB produced in G',
H'. Prove GH, G'H' are parallel to BC and AD respectively.
Sol. Given that
AC ^ BD (Diagonal) perpendicular
From the centre ‘O’ , OM ^ AC and ON ^ DB.
as AC||GOG1 and BD||HOH1
we know that OM and ON are perpendicular bisectors of AC and BD respectively.
Now DGND @ DGNB and DHMA @ DHMC (R.H.S.)
Let ÐABD = a = Ð ACD (ABCD cyclic, made by same segment AD.)
7
SOLUTION
CLASS - IX & X
A
y G
a
90-a
D a a B
y N
M O
H'
HA
90-a
N
a
E
C
L L
A
G'
8
SOLUTION
CLASS - IX & X
By congruence triangles we have
ÐGBN = ÐGDN = a
ÐHCM = ÐHAM = a
Let ÐCAB = y = ÐCDB (Angle made by same segment BC)
\ ÐHAG = a + y = ÐGDH
Þ ADHG is cyclic quadrilateral
Þ ÐGAD = ÐGHC = ÐA (Exterior angle property)
But ÐDCB = 180 – ÐA (As ABCD is cyclic)
\ ÐGHC + ÐBCH = ÐA + 180 – ÐA = 180°
Þ GH||BC
Now ÐGBN = a Þ ÐBGN = 90 – a
N
Also ÐMCH = a Þ ÐCHM = 90 – a
\ ÐG'HH' = ÐG'GH' = 90 – a
E
Þ HGH'G' ® is cyclic quadrilateral
Þ ÐGH'G' = ÐGHD = 180 – ÐA (Exterior angle property)
\ ÐGH'G' + ÐH'AD = 180 – ÐA + ÐA = 180°
L
\ H'G'||AD
L
A
9

Allen: Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division

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TM Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division

For Class 6th to 10th, NTSE & Olympiads

Now, In DABD, (3x)2 = y2 + (1)2

3. Prove that 1n + 2n + 3n + ... + 15n is divisible by 480 for all odd n ³ 5.

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