Heat Recover)' Systems Vol. 6, No. I, pp. 47-61. 1986 0198-7593/86 $3.00 + 0.

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CLASSIFIED REFERENCES FOR ABSORPTION

H E A T P U M P S Y S T E M S F R O M 1975 T O M A Y 1985

M. A. R. EISA,* S. K. CHAUDHARI,D. V. PARANJAPE

and F. A. HOLLAND
Department of Chemical and Gas Engineering, University of Salford, Salford M5 4W/', U.K.

Abstract--More than four hundred references for absorption heat pump systems have been listed and
classified on the basis of heating, cooling and heat storage. They have been further classified on the basis
of water-lithium bromide, ammonia-water and other systems.

INTRODUCTION

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the development of heat driven absorption
systems for heating, cooling and heat storage. Absorption systems have the advantage that they
can operate on relatively low temperature heat and furthermore do not require compressors, which
are not always readily available. Furthermore, they can often be more accurately matched to a
particular application than a mechanical vapour compression system. Their disadvantage is the
relative lack of thermodynamic and operating data required for the design of large scale systems.
The classification of references reported in this paper was made in order to help people to make
better use of existing data and to encourage further research in absorption systems.
Appendix 1 gives references with titles in English with the names of the first author in
alphabetical order. Appendix 2 gives references without titles in English.
Sections 1A, 1B and 1C list the name of the first author and year for each of the main references
since 1975 for water-lithium bromide, ammonia-water and other absorption systems, respectively,
for cooling.
Sections 2A, 2B and 2C list the name of the first author and year for each of the main references
since 1975 for water-lithium bromide, ammonia-water and other absorption systems, respectively,
for heating.
Sections 3 and 4 list the name of the first author and year for each of the main references since
1975 for reversed absorption systems (heat transformers) and absorption heat storage systems,
respectively.
Some references appear under more than one classification.

IA. REFERENCES SINCE 1975 FOR WATER-LITHIUM BROMIDE ABSORPTION SYSTEM

FOR COOLING

Experimental papers
Albinder et al., 1975 Kumar et al., 1985
Bessler et al., 1975 Kumar et aL, 1984
Burdukov et aL, 1976 Kuriiov et al., 1976
Bykov et aL, 1982 Landauro et al., 1983
Camporese et al., 1980 Mitsubishi Ltd, 1983
Eisa et aL, 1985 Namkoong, 1976
Gabsi et al., 1983 Pyzhov et al., 1977
Grosman et al., 1976 Rosenfeld et al., 1978
lyoki et al., 1981 Van-Hattem et al., 1981
Iyoki et al., 1978 Volfiykh et al., 1976
Iyoki et aL, 1977 Ward et aL, 1979
Kumar et aL, 1985 Zhuravlenko et al., 1975

*Mahmoud Abdel Rahman Eisa; (Ph.D.), Cairo, Egypt.

47
48 M . A . R . EIsA et al.

Theoretical papers
Anderson, 1976 Lazzarin, 1980
Boldrin et al., 1978 Miao, 1978
Cocchi, 1980 Perry, 1975
Cocchi et al., 1979 Renz et al., 1982
Gazinski, 1981 Vliet et al., 1983
Lansing, 1976 Vliet et al., 1982
Lawson, 1980 Vliet et al., 1980

lB. REFERENCES SINCE 1975 FOR AMMONIA-WATER ABSORPTION SYSTEM FOR COOLING

Experimental papers
Danilov et al., 1976 Gross el al., 1984
Danilov et al., 1976 Holldorf, 1977
Dao et al., 1976 Jansen, 1983
Dao et al., 1977 Kandlikar, 1982
Diessner, 1980 Merrick, 1982
Gorbunov, 1976 Muhlmann et aL, 1983
Gross et al., 1984 Qusrawi et al., 1981
Rojey el al., 1980
Theoretical papers
Anderson, 1976 Koshkin, 1985
Brousse et al., 1983 Kuhlenschmidt et al., 1983
Dhar et al., 1977 Muhlmann et al., 1983
Farber et al., 1977 Perez-Blanco, 1984
Hensgens et al., 1980 Qusrawi et al., 1981
Johnston, 1980 Schmidt, 1980
Kaushik et al., 1985 Schu¢ller, 1984
Kaushik et al., 1981 Sheridan et al., 1981
Kaushik et al., 1982 Simmons, 1975
Kaushik et al., 1982 Tleimat et al., 1978
Kaushik et al., 1982 Tropp et al., 1983

1C. REFERENCES SINCE 1975 FOR OTHER ABSORPTION SYSTEMS FOR COOLING

Experimental papers
Bierman, 1979 Murphy et al., 1983
Carrier Corp., 1976 Sanyo Co., 1982
Cohen et al., 1981 Sibley, 1976
Eichholz et al., 1980 Timofeevskii et d., 1983
Inst. Francis, 1980 Trane Co., 1979
Jelinck et al., 1980 Uemura, 1975
Kakabaev et al., 1976 Uemura, 1976
Krueger, 1977 Usukin et al., 1977
Mark et al., 1983 Ward et al., 1976
Matsuhita Co., 1983 Wehner et al., 1975
Matsuhita Co., 1983 Yanchenko et al., 1976
Matsuhita Co., 1983 Yazaki Corp., 1984
Matsuhita Co., 1983 Yazaki Corp., 1984
Yazaki Corp., 1984
Theoretical papers
Akaji, 1982 Kaushik et al., 1985
Alizaheh et al., 1979 Kaushik et al., 1984
Allen et al., 1976 Leibundgut et al., 1976
Allen et al., 1976 Lorsch, 1981
Andrew et al.. 1978 Mansoori et al., 1979
Best, 1977 McLinden et al., 1983
Best et al., 1976 Munner et al., 1985
Bjurstr6m et al., 1981 Oonk et al., 1975
Borde et al., 1977 Perez-Blanco et al., 1981
Collier, 1978 Phillips, 1976
Collier, 1979 Radermacher el al., 1980
Eichholz et al., 1980 Radermacher et al., 1982
Gadhi et al., 1984 Renz et al., 1981
Gandhidsan et al., 1976 Rojey et al., 1983
Gilman, 1975 Rojey et al., 1983
Gilman et aL, 1975 Russel et al., 1984
Grassie et aL, 1976 Sauer, 1977
Jelinek et al., 1978 Smith et al., 1981
Kappel et al., 1981 Steimle et al., 1981
 Classified references for absorption heat pump systems since 1975 49

Stephan, 1980 Ward, 1979

Stephan et al., 1984 Ward et al., 1977
Tyagi, 1983 Whitlow, 1976
Tyagi, 1984 Wilbur et al., 1975
Tyagi et al., 1976 Wilbur et al., 1976
Uemura, 1977

2A. REFERENCES SINCE 1975 FOR WATER-LITHIUM BROMIDE ABSORPTION SYSTEM

FOR HEATING

E x p e r i m e n t a l papers
Bugarel et al., 1981 Grosman et al., 1976
Bukov et aL, 1982 Huntley, 1984
Chaudhari et al., 1985 Kumar et al., 1985
Danila et al., 1982 Mitsubishi Ltd, 1983
Gabsi et al., 1983 Thomas et al., 1984
Zaworski et al., 1982
Theoretical papers
Chaudhari et al., 1985
Cocchi, 1980
Cocchi et al., 1979
Gazinski, 1981
Huntley, 1984
Knoche et al., 1979
Renz et al., 1982

2B. REFERENCES SINCE 1975 FOR AMMONIA-WATER SYSTEM FOR HEATING

E x p e r i m e n t a l papers
Danila et al., 1982 Jansen, 1983
Dao et al., 1976 Malewski, 1981
Dao et al., 1977 Merrick, 1982
Diessner, 1980 Muhlmann et al., 1983
Gross et al., 1984 Qasrawi et al., 1981
Gross et al., 1984 Rojey et al., 1980
Theoretical papers
Baehr, 1980 Koshkin, 1975
Brousse et al., 1983 Kuhlenschmidt et al., 1983
Faber et al., 1977 Muhimann et aL, 1983
Hensgens et al., 1980 Perez-Blanco, 1984
Helard et al., 1984 Qasrawi et al., 1981
Johnston, 1980 Schmidt, 1980
Kaushik, 1982 Schueller, 1984
Kaushik et al., 1981 Sheridan et al., 1981
Kaushik et al., 1982 Simmons et al., 1975
Kaushik et aL, 1982 Tieimat et al., 1978
Trepp et al., 1983

2C. REFERENCES SINCE 1975 FOR OTHER ABSORPTION SYSTEMS FOR HEATING

E x p e r i m e n t a l papers
Alefeld et al., 1981 Sanyo Co., 1983
Cohen et al., 1981 Scher et al., 1983
Eichholz et al., 1980 Stephan et al., 1981
Erickson, 1982 Takeshita et al., 1984
Gosling, 1980 Toray Ind., 1982
Huntley, 1983 Traine Co., 1979
Inst-Franfais, 1980 Ward et al., 1976
Kakabaev et al., 1976 Westermark, 1984
Li, Chien Corp., 1974 Yazaki Corp., 1984
Li, Chien Corp., 1977 Yazaki Corp., 1984
Mark et al., 1983 Yazaki Corp., 1984
Murphy et al., 1983 Zerweck, 1981
Theoretical papers
Akaji, 1982 Andrews et al., 1978
Atefeld, 1978 Best, 1977
Alefeld et al., 1982 Bjurstr6m et al., 1981
Allen et al., 1976 Cassel et al., 1975
Allen et al., 1976 Cohen et al., 1981

H.R.S. 6/I--D
50 M . A . R . EIs^ et al.

Eicholz et al., 1980 Perez-Blanco, 1981

Furukawa et al., 1981 Perez-Blanco, 1981
Gadhi et al., 1984 Phillips, 1976
Gandhidasan et al.. 1976 Radermacher et al., 1980
Gilman, 1975 Radermacher et al., 1982
Gilman et al., 1975 Renz et al., 1981
Grassie et al., 1976 Rojey et al., 1983
Grossman et al., 1982 Rojey et al., 1983
Hfglund et aL, 1978 Russell et al., 1980
Hour et al., 1981 Sauer, 1977
Iedema, 1984 Smith et al., 1981
Janssen et al., 1979 Sofrata et al., 1979
Kappel et al., 1981 Steimle et al., 1981
Kaushik et al., 1984 Stephan, 1980
Leibundgut et al., 1983 Stephan, 1980
Li, Chien Corp., 1977 Stephan et al., 1984
Lorsch, 1981 Takashita et al., 1984
Malewski, 1977 Tyagi et al., 1976
MeLinden et al., 1983 Ward et al., 1977
Mende et al., 1975 Whitlow, 1976
Ook et al., 1975 Wilbur, 1975
Park et al., 1979 Wilbur, 1976

3. REFERENCES SINCE 1975 FOR REVERSED ABSORPTION SYSTEMS (HEAT TRANSFORMERS)

E x p e r i m e n t a l papers
Alefeld et al., 1981
Erickson, 1982
Seher et al., 1983
Siddig-Mohammad et al., 1983
Stephan et al., 1981
Theoretical p a p e r s
Alefeld, 1982 Stephan, 1980
Anon, 1979. Stephan et al., 1984
Cohen et al., 1979 Stephan et al., 1984
Groll et al., 1981 Stephan et al., 1984
Hanna et al., 1983 Trepp, 1983
Kripalani et al., 1984 Zaworski et al., 1981
Rojey et al., 1982 Ziegler et al., 1982
Stephan, 1980

4. REFERENCES SINCE 1975 FOR ABSORPTION SYSTEMS FOR HEAT STORAGE

E x p e r i m e n t a l papers
Clark et al., 1979 Monsen et al., 1982
Greiner, 1984 Nix, 1983
Hass et al., 1979 Offehartz, 1980
Hiller et al., 1979 Offenhartz et al., 1977
Jaeger et al., 1978 Offenhartz et al.. 1979
Jaeger et al.. 1980 Offenhartz et al., 1979
Jesinghaus, 1981 Rocket Res. Co., 1982
Matsushita Co., 1984 Westermark, 1984
Theoretical papers
Akaji, 1984 Gruen et al., 1978
Alefeld et al., 1978 Gruen et al., 1979
Alefeld et al., 1981 Ishiki, 1980
Alefeld et al., 1981 Mazet et al., 1984
Argabright, 1982 McBridge, 1981
Bjurstr6m et al., 1981 Nonnenmacher et al., 1981
Bride, 1980 Raldow, 1978
Claesson, 1978 Raldow, 1981
Clark, 1981 Rocket Res. Co., 1982
Clark et al., 1980 Suda, 1984
Clark et al., 1981 Taube et al., 1978
Greiner, 1977 Thomas et al., 1978
Groll et al., 1981 Wentworth et al., 1978
 Classified references for absorption heat pump systems since 1975 51

APPENDIX I. REFERENCES FOR ABSORPTION SYSTEMS

WITH TITLES IN ENGLISH

1. Ackroyd, K. (1978) Refrigerants, properties, selection and hazards, Chem. Engr, 366.
2. Adeflla, S. S. (1983) Studies on high temperature heat pump systems, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Salford, U.K.
3. Ainbinder, E. G. and Balabanova, A. T. (1975) Absorptional lithium bromide refrigerating unit, Otkryt~va lzobret
Prom. Obraztsy Touarnye Znaki 52(7), 94.
4. Akaji, T. (1984) Chemical heat pumps, Kagaku Gijustsushi MoL 22(10), 70.
5. Akaji, K. and Itso, S. (1982) Process design and simulation of absorption heat pump system, in Proceedings--
Chemcomp 1982, Chemical Process and Design Using Computers, p 3.27.
6. Alefeld, G. (1982) Energy flux and energy storage in heat transformation devices, Inst. Chem. Eng. Syrup. Soy. 7g, 1.
7. Alefeld, G. (1982) Standards for the design of multistage absorber machines, Breanst.-Waerme-Kraft 34(2), 142.
8. Alefeld, G. and Garching, B. (1982) Rules for the design of multistage absorption machines, Bernnst.-Waerme-
Kraft 34(2), 64.
9. Alefeld, G., Maier-Laxhuber, P. and Rothermayer, H. (1981) Zeolite heat pump and zeolite heat transformer for local
management, in Proc. 16th Intersc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf.
10. Alefeld, G., Maier-Laxhuber, P. and Rothmeyer, M. (1981) Methods and means for storaging and transforming of
heat, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 42,160.
11. Alefeld, G., Bauer, H. C., Maier-Laxhuber, P. and Rothmayer, M. (1981) Thermochemical heat storage and heat
transformation with zeolites as absorbents, in Proc. lEA Conference on New Energy Conservation Technologies and
Their Commercialization, Berlin.
12. Alefeld, G. (1980) Absorption heat pump, Ger. Often. 2,856,767.
13. Alefeld, G. (1980) Improved or new possibilities for force heat conversion by using new materials, Ber. Bunsenger Phys.
Chem. 84 (10), 995.
14. Alefeld, G. and Rodermacher, R. (1980) Working fluid compositions for absorption heating and cooling devices, Eur.
Pat. Appl. 12,856.
15. Alefeld, G. and Radermacher, R. (1980) Working substances for absorption heat pump, Ger. Often. 2,852,312.
16. Alefeld, G. (1978) New approaches to energy conversion by alternative working fluids, Festkoerperprobleme 18, 53.
17. Alefeld, G. (1978) Metal hydrides as heat transformer energy cascading, in Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 29,
Hydrogen in Metals H (Edited by G. Alefeld and J. Volkl). Berlin.
18. Alefeld, G. (1978) A high temperature absorption heat pump as topping process for power generation, Energy 3(5),
649.
19. Alizadeh, S., Bahar, F. and Geoola, F. (1979) Design and optimisation of an absorption refrigeration system operated
by solar energy, Solar Energy 22(2), 149.
20. Allen R. W. and Anand, D. K. (1976) Parametric study of a dynamic solar powered absorption cycle, in Sharing the
Sun--Solar Technology in the Seventies (Edited by K. W. Boer), Vol. 3, Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings,
p. 27, Pergamon Press, New York.
21. Allen, R. W., Morse, F. H., Anand, D. K., Hurdis, D. A. and Sargent, S. L. (1976) Optimisation studies of solar
absorption air conditioning systems, Final Progress report NSF/RANN/SE/GI-39/II7/PR/76/2, Dept. of Mech-
Engng., University of Melbourne.
22. Altenhovel, H. and Kantner, A. (1982) Sorption heat pump, Get. Often. DE 3,216,491.
23. Anderson, P. O. (1976) Solar-operated absorption water chiller--a comparison of aqueous bromide and aqua
ammonia cycle, ASHRAE Trans 82(1), 959.
24. Ando, E. and Takeshita, I. (1984) Residential gas-fired absorption heat pump based on R22-DEGDME pair, Int.
J. Refrig. 7(3), 181.
25. Ando, A. and Takeshita, I. (1983) Refrigerant absorbent pair R22-DEGDME, Natn. Tech. Rep. (Matsuhita Elect.
Ind. Co.) 29(1), 102.
26. Andrews, J. W., Kush, E. A. and Metz, P. D. (1978) A solar-assisted heat pump system for cost-effective space heating
and cooling, BNL-50819, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y.
27. Anon, A. (1979) Heat transformer makes waste heat efficient source, Design News, 22 Oct.
28. Anon (1982) Heat pump research and development projects, U.S. Department of Energy Report DOE/CE 0035
(Available NTIS).
29. Anon (1981) An absorption heat pump heats the Federal Criminal Court Building, Sanitaet Heizungstechnik 46(3),
308.
30. Argabright, T. A. (1982) Metal hydride/chemical heat pump development project, Solar Turbines Inc., Phase 1 Report,
BNL-51539, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y.
31. ASHRAE Handbook and Product Directory, Fundamentals (1981) ASHRAE lnc., New York.
32. ASHRAE Handbook and Product Directory, Fundamentals (1977) ASHRAE Inc., New York.
33. Assig, M. and Lopp, H. (1982) The energy consumption of sewage treatment plants with particular reference to the
possibility of using an absorption heat pump to utilize the energy yielded, Luft-kaeltetch 18(1), 15.
34. Aug, P. C. (1977) A survey of absorption cooling technology in solar applications, Report No. BNL 50704,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y.
35. Baher, H. D. (1980) The COP of absorption and resorption heat pumps with ammonia-water as working fluid, Sci.
Tech. Froid. 1, 281.
36. Bander, H. J. (1982) High temperature heat pump applications and their limitations, Sulzer Tech. Rev. 6,1(3), 22.
37. Bartoszek, B. and Kotarba, J. (1981) Heat pumps and their uses II, Gospod Paliuxin Energy 29(1), 14.
38. Berghmans, W. J. (Ed.) (1983) Heat pump fundamentals, in Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Heat Pump Fundamentals, Espinho, Spain, 1-12 Sept.
39. Bessler, W. and Shen, C. N. (1975) Parameter variations for solar powered lithium bromide absorption cooling, in
Rec. lOth lntersoc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf., p. 178.
40. Best, R. (1977) Methanol-lithium bromide, zinc bromide mixture applied to solar absorption heat pumps, in
Proceedings of the International Conference on Solar Building Technology, Vol. 2, p. 437.
52 M . A . R . EISA et al.

41. Best, G. and Geffroy, E. (1976) Refrigeration from solar and residual energy, Bull. Inst. Int. FroM. Annexe 1, 633.
42. Biermann, U. K. P. (1980) Working medium for absorption heat pump consisting of fluorochloroalkane solution. Ger.
Often. 2,944,189.
43. Biermann, W. J. (1979) An absorption machine for solar cooling, ASHRAE Trans. 2, 406.
44. Bjurstr6m, H. and Raldow, W. (1981) The absorption process for heating, cooling and energy storage--an historical
survey, Int. J. Energy Res. 5, 43.
45. Boedal, E. (1977) Experience with heat pumps during solar energy heat extraction, VDI-Ber. 282, 91.
46. Bokelmann, H. and Ehmke, H. J. (1983) Material systems for absorption heat pumps--present state of art and
developmental trends, Gas Wasserfach: Gas/Erdgas 124(12), 608.
47. Bokelmann, H. and Renz, M. (1983) Thermophysical properties of trifluoroethanol working fluids for absorption heat
pumps, Ki-Klima Kaelte, Heiz 11(10), 403.
48. Boldrin, B., Bolzan, M. and Lazzarin, R. (1978) Lithium bromide absorption cooling devices as heat pumps,
Tagungsber-lnt. Sonnenforum 2nd 2, 127.
49. Bolina, E. (1982) Heat pump, Acqua Aria 5, 445.
50. Borde, I., Yaron, I. and Jelinek, M. (1982) Development of an absorption refrigeration unit utilizing low grade heat,
Refrigeration Sci. Technol. Proc. of I.I.R. Commission El, E2, p. 97.
51. Borde, I., Yaron, I. and Jelinek, M. (1977) Performance of absorption cycle operating with low thermal-potential
energy sources for direct contact cooling applications, in Proc. 12th lntersoc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf., p. 482.
52. Bride J. R. M. (1980) Research and development in the U.K. on sulfuric acid/water chemical heat pump, Proc. mr.
Seminar Thermochemical Energy Storage, p. 277.
53. Briley, G. C. (1976) Conserve energy: refrigerate with waste heat, ASHRAE J. December, 21.
54. Brousse, E., Claudel, B. and Martine, J. M. (1983) Solar operated water-ammonia heat pump for air-conditioning--
modelling and simulation, Appl. Energy 14(2), 131.
55. Brunberg, E. A. (1980) The Repidus storage system, in German-Swedish Workshop on Thermochemical Energy Storage
and Absorption Heat Pump Technology, StockhoL 11-12 Sep.
56. Bugarel, R. and Morrillon, R. (1981) High temperature absorption heat pump for industries, C.r. Congr. Ind. Gaz.
98, 343.
57. Bugarel, R. (1980) Absorption heat pumps, EPE. Rev. Energy Primaire 15(12), 6.
58. Burdukov, A. P., Kurshinov, G. G., Rubinov, E. A. and Smirnova, A. V. (1976) Improvement of heat transfer in
an evaporator of a lithium bromide absorptional refrigerating machine, Otkrytiva Izobret. Prom. Obraztsy Touarnye
Znaki 53(6), 92.
59. Bykov, A. V., Shmilov, N. G. and Drankovskii, I. K. (1982) High temperature lithium bromide absorption units for
producing cold and heat, Kholod. Tech. 6, 25.
60. Camporese, R. and Lazzarin, R. (1980) Lithium-bromide absorption cooling devices as heat pumps, Thermotecnica
34(5), 240.
61. Cartier Corporation (1976) Carrier hermatic absorption liquid chiller, Form 16 JB-C3P, Carrier Corporation,
Syracuse, New York.
62. Cassel, T. A. V., Lorsch, H. G., Lior, N. and Crane, R. E. (1975) Solar assisted heat pumps and direct heating systems,
in Proc. Heat Pump Technology Conference, Oklahoma State University.
63. Cassel, T. A. V.. Lorseh, H. G. and Lior, N. (1975) Solar heat pump comfort heating systems, in lOth 1ECEC,
University of Delaware, New York, DE.
64. Chaudhari, S. K., Paranjape, D. V., Eisa, M. A. R. and Holland, F. A. (1985) A study of the operating characteristics
of a water-lithium bromide absorption heat pump, J. Heat Recover), Systems 5(4), 285.
65. Chiogioji, M. H. (1979) Industrial Energy Conservation, Marcel Dekker, New York.
66. Claesson, J. (1978) An entropy analysis of the chemical heat pump and heat accumulator, Dept. of Mathematical
Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden.
67. Clarke, E. C. (1981) Sulfuric acid and water chemical heat pump/chemical energy storage system, in Proc. Int. Seminar
on Thermochemical Energy Storage, Stockholm, p. 261.
68. Clarke, E. C. and Morgan, O. (1981) Chemical heat pumps for industry, in Proc. 16th lntersoc. Energy Convers. Eng.
Conf., Atlanta, GA.
69. Clarke, E. C. and Carlson, D. K. (1980) Development status and utility of the sulfuric acid chemical heat
pump/chemical energy storage systems, in Proc. 15th IECEC, Seattle, Washington.
70. Clarke, E. C. and Hiller, C. (1979) Development and testing of the sulfuric acid-water chemical heat pump/chemical
energy storage system, in Proc. l#th lntersoc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf., Boston, MA, p. 510.
71. Close, D. J. and Dunkle, R. V. (1977) Use of absorbent beds for energy storate in drying and heating systems, Solar
Energy 19, 233,
72. Cocchi, A. (1980) Solar energy by temperature control and by using lithium bromide absorption device, Thermotecnica
34(5), 240.
73. Cocchi, A., Raffellini, G. and Stoppani, V. (1979) A solar operated water-lithium bromide absorption refrigerator
used also as a heat pump technical and economic analysis, in Sun 2, Proc. int. Sol. Energy Soc. Silver Jubilee Congr.
1979, Vol. 1, p. 777.
74. Cohen, G. and Rojey, A. (1981) Cold and/or heat by an absorption cycle usable in room heating, Eur. Pat. Appl.
EP 34,535.
75. Cohen, G. and Rojey, A. (1981) Absorption heat pump developments for industrial purposes, in Proc. Int. Conf. New
Energy Consen~ation Technologies and their Commercialization, Berlin.
76. Cohen, G. and Rojey, A. (1980) Improvements of desorption degree of heat pumps and refrigeration equipment on
an absorption basis, Ger. Often, 2,948,772.
77. Cohen, G., Salavant, J. and Rojey, A. (1979) A new absorption cycle process for upgrading waste heat, in Proc. 14th
lntersoc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf., Boston, MA, Vol. 2, p. 1720.
78. Collier, R. K. (1979) The analysis and simulation of an open cycle absorption refrigeration system, Solar Energy 23,
357.
79. Collier, R. K. (1978) The analysis of an improved solar powered cooling system utilizing open cycle absorption
refrigeration, in Proc. American Section of the International Solar Energy Society, 2(1), p. 449.
 Classified references for absorption heat pump systems since 1975 53

80. Comly, J. B., Jastu, H. and Quaile, J. (1975) Solar-boosted heat pumps, ERDA Document No. COO-2560-1, p. 114.
81. Danila, N., Dumitrescu, I. S. and Masatescu, V. (1982) Application of heat pumps to indoor heating by increased
use of geothermal water or low temperature secondary energy sources, Energetica 30(4), 167.
82. Danilov, R. L. and Fridshtein, V. I. (1976) New design for sequentially feeding coolant water into the heat transfer
apparatus of an absorption refrigerating machine, Kholod, Tekh. 10, 14.
83. Danilov, R. L. and Tarasenko, L. A. (1976) Performance reliability of an absorption refrigerating machine in the dry
ice production, Kholod. Tech. 2, 16.
84. Dao, K., Simmons, M., Walgast, T. and Wahlig, M. (1977) Development of Solar-driver ammonia/water absorption
air conditioners and heat pumps, in ERDA, Solar Heating and Cooling Research and Development Contractors Meeting,
Reston, Virginia, U.S.A.
85. Dao, K., Simmons, M., Wolgast, R. and Wahlig, M. (1976) Performance of air cooled ammonia-water absorption
air conditioner at low generator temperatures, in Sharing the Sun--Solar Technology in the Seventies (Edited by
K. W. Boer), Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings, p. 49, Pergamon Press, New York.
86. Dhar, P. L., Jain, V. K. and Gupta, R. M. (1977) Computer aided design and analysis of an aqua-ammonia vapour
absorption refrigeration system, I. Mech. Engng and UMIST :IJEE 5, 357.
87. Diesing, H., Mehlu, H. J. and Gelesic, A. (1983) Sorption heat pumps, Ger. Often. DE 3,201,075.
88. Diessner, E. (1980) Operational experience with an ammonia-water absorption heat pump, Gas Wasserfach
Gas/Erdgas 121(3), 127.
89. Duffle, J. A. and Beckman, W. A. (1976) A review of solar cooling, in Proceedings of the Sharing the Sun Conference,
Winnepeg, Vol. 3, p. 13.
90. Duminil, M. (1976) Basic principles of thermodyuamics as applied to heat pumps thermodynamic cycles in heat pumps,
in NA TO Adv. Study Inst. Series, EIS, Heat Pumps--Their Contribution to Energy Conservation, p. 97.
91. Dunlop, R. M. (1982) Heat driven heat pump using paired ammoniated salts, U.S. Pat. Appl. U.S. 182,367.
92. Erkert, M. and Stemmler, B. (1981) Working medium pair for sorption heat pumps, Get. Often, DE 3,003,471.
93. Eicholz, H. D. (1982) Correlation between experimentally determined properties of state and fundamental equation
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464.
256. Muehlmann, H. P. and Wessing, W. (1983) Thermodynamic process data for an absorption type heat pump, in Prec.
Int. Gas Res. Conf., p. 630.
257. Muehlmann, H. P. (1981) Absorption heat pumps, Umweltschutz Gresundheitstech 15(1-2), 18.
258. Muehlmann, H. and Sommers, H. (1981) Heat exchanger for control of heating medium in sorption heat pump, Ger.
Often 2,944,6.54.
259. Munner, T. and Uppal, A. H. (1985) Modelling and simulation of solar absorption cooling system, Appl. Energy 19(3),
209.
260. Murphy, K. P. and Phillips, B. A. (1983) Development of a residential gas absorption heat pump, Prec. 18th lntersoc.
Energy Convers. Eng. Conf., Vet. 4, p. 1911.
261. Nakanishi, T. (1981) Industrial high temperature heat pump for waste heat recovery, in Conference on New Energy
Conservation Technologies and Their Commercialisation, Berlin.
262. Namkoong, D. (1976) Performance of a lithium bromide water chiller in a laboratory scale experimental solar system
test loop, in Proceedings of International Solar Energy Society Conference, Winnipeg, Vol. 3, p. 46.
263. Neal, W. E. J. (1978) Heat pumps for domestic heating and heat conversion. New applications for old concepts, Phys.
Technol. 9(4), 154.
264. Newbert, G. J. and Martin, D. J. (1983) Trends and developments in non-domestic heat pump applications, J. Heat
Recovery Systems 3(i), 69.
265. Nielsen, P. B., Stubkier, B. and Schmidt, P. W. (1975) A critical survey of intermittent absorption systems for solar
refrigeration, in Prec. X1V International Congress of Refrigeration, Moscow, Vol. IV, p. 659.
266. Nix, R. G. (1983) A heat pumped thermochemical energy storage system, in Prec. 18th lntersoc. Energy Conserv. Eng.
Conf., Vol. 4, p. 1812.
267. Nonnenmacher, A. and Groll, M. (1981) Chemical heat storage and heat transformation using reversible solid-gas
reactions, in Int. Conf. on Energy Storage, Brighton.
268. Offenhartz, P. O. (1980) Design of a chemical heat pump using calcium chloride and methanol for solar heating,
cooling and storage, in Prec. Int. Seminar on Thermochemical Energy Storage, Stockholm, p. 11 I.
269. Offenhartz, P. O. D. and Brown, F. C. (1979) Methanol based heat pumps for storage of solar thermal energy, in
Prec. 14th lntersoc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf. Vol. 1, p. 507.
270. Offenhartz, P., Brown, F. C., Mar, R. W. and Carling, R. W. (1979) A heat pump and thermal storage system for
solar heating and cooling based on the reaction of calcium chloride and methanol vapor, Sandia Laboratories Report,
SAND 79-8512.
271. Offhartz, P. O. D. (1977) Methanol single-substrate heat pump for solar thermal storage, in Prec. 2nd Annual Thermal
Energy Storage Contractors Information Exchange Meeting.
272. Ohuchi, Y., Ire, S. and Ohutoshi, S. (1982) Absorbent composition for airconditioning of supplies of hot water, Fr
Demande FR 2,505,861.
273. Ohyama, F. (1981) Absorption-type heat pump now in practical use, in Prec. Int. Conf. on New Energy Conservation
Technology and Their Commercialisation, Berlin.
274. Oonk, R. L., Beckman, W. A. and Duttie, J. A. (1975) Modelling of the CSU heating/cooling systems, Solar Energy
17, 21.
275. Park, M. and Schultz, S. (1979) Use of a low power absorption heat pump with air vapourizer for house heating,
Kalte Klimatech. 32(7), 350.
276. Perez-Blanco, H. (1984) Absorption heat pump performance for different types of solutions, Int. J. Refrig. 7(2),
115.
277. Perez-Blanco, H. (1984) Working mixtures for industrial chemical heat pumps, in Prec. of Conference on Industrial
Scale of Heat Pumps, York, England.
58 M . A . R . EISA et al.

278. Perez-Blanco, H. (1981) Heat pump concepts for industrial use of waste heat, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report
ORNL/TM-7655.
279. Perez-Blanco, H. and Grossman, G. (1981) Cycle and performance analysis of absorption heat pumps for waste heat
utilization, Report 1981 ORNL/TM 7852, Ord. No. DE 81030705 (Available NTIS).
280. Perry, E. H. (1975) The theoretical performance of the lithium bromide-water intermittent absorption refrigeration
cycle, Solar Energy 17, 321.
281. Phillips, B. A. (1976) Absorption cycles for aircooled solar air conditioning, ASHRAE Trans. 82, 966.
282. Pyzhov, S. I., Kurilov, G. V., Grigorev, P. D. and Afendikov, A. E. (1977) Regulation of absorption lithium bromide
refrigerating unit, primarily with a multistage generator, Otkrytiya lzobret. Prom. 54(3), 111.
283. Qasrawi, A. M. S., Treece, R. J. and Blakeley, R. E. (1981) The design and development of an absorption cycle heat
pump optimized for achievement of maximum coefficient of performance, in Commun. Eur. Communities (Rep.) Fur.
7129.
284. Qasrawi, A. M. S. (1980) Absorption heat pump generators, Lucas Group Services Limited, Lucas Research Centre,
West Midlands, U.K.
285. Radermacher, R. and Alefeld, G. (1982) Lithium bromide water solutions as absorbents for ammonia and
methylamine, Brennst.- Waerme-Kraft 34(1), 3 I.
286. Radermacher, R. (1981) Working substance combinations for absorption heat pumps, Doctoral Dissertation,
Technical University of Munich.
287. Radermacher, R. and Alefeld, G. (1980) Working fluid combinations for absorption heat pumps, in Proc. Int. Seminar
on Thermochem. Energy Storage, p. 341.
288. Raldow, W. (Ed.) (1982) New working pairs for absorption processes, in Proc. of a Workshop in Berlin.
289. Raldow, W. (1981) Thermal efficiencies of chemical heat pump configurations, Solar Energy 27(4), 307.
290. Raldow, W. M. and Wentworth, W. E. (1979) Chemical heat pumps--a basic thermodynamic analysis, Solar Energy
~(!), 75.
291. Reay, D. A. (1983) Heat pump research and development in the U.S.A., J. Heat Recovery Systems 3(3), 165.
292. Reay, D. A. and MacMichael, D. B. A. (1979) Heat Pumps: Design and Applications, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
293. Reay, D. A. (1977) Industrial Energy Conservation, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
294. Rebello, W. J. and Sueiu, D. C. (1983) Assessment of the BCL and ORNL chemical heat pumps, Energy Res. Abstr.
8(13), Abstr. no. 31939.
295. Ree, H. and Oostendorp, P. A. (1980) Resorption heat pumps, in International Advanced Course on Heat Pumps
Fundementals, Espinho (Portugal)---NATO Advanced Study Institutes Programme.
296. Renz, M. and Preiftenberger, U. (1982) Thermodynamic properties of the binary system water-lithium bromide, in
Proc. LLR. Meeting El, E2, Jerusalem.
297. Renz, M. and Steimle, F. (1982) Comparison of thermodynamic properties of working fluids for absorption systems,
LLR. Meeting Commun. El~E2, Jerusalem.
298. Renz, M. and Steimle, F. (1981) Thermodynamic properties of the binary system methanol-lithium bromide, Int. J.
Refrg. 4(2), 97.
299. Robinson, H. (1978) Liquid desiccant solar heat pump for developing nations, paper presented at the Int.
Symp./Workshop on Solar Energy, Cairo.
300. Rocket Research Co. (1982) Sulfuric acid/water chemical heat pump/chemical energy storage, Final Report to DOE,
BNL-51540, UC-94d.
301. Rojey, A. and Cheron, J. (1983) Method of producing cold and/or heat by the use of carbon dioxide and a condensable
fluid, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 87,540.
302. Rojey, A. and Cheron, J. (1983) Producing cold and/or heat by an absorption cycle using carbon dioxide as working
fluid, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 70,756.
303. Rojey, A., Cohen, G. and Cariou, J. P. (1982) Heat transformers present state of new technology, in 1. Mech. E. Conf.
Publ., Vol. 4, p. 73.
304. Rojey, A. and Cohen, G. (1980) Producing cold and/or heat using an absorption cycle, Get. Often. 3,014,320.
305. Rozenfeld, L. M., Shmuilov, N. G. and Zac, B. C. (1978) Improving the construction of a lithium bromide absorption
refrigeration machine, Kholod. Tech. 8, 10.
306. Russel, Lynn and Darnell (1980) Thermodynamic analysis ofcombined cycle solar absorption heat pump system, Proc.
Int. SoL Energy Soc., 3(1), p. 200.
307. Salzar, A., Prevost, M. and Bugarel, R. (1980) Energy economy, absorption heat pump, Sei. Teehn. Froid. 1, 273.
308. Sane, M. G. (1985) Absorption systems for heating and cooling, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Salford, U.K.
309. Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd. (1983) Absorption heat pump, Jpn. Kokai Tokyo Koho JP 58,98,137 (83,98,137).
310. Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd. (1982) Solar heat pump absorption refrigerator, Jpn. Kokai Tokyo Koho JP 82,117,60.
311. Sauer, K. L. (1977) Cooling and heating with directly gas heated absorption system, Gasverwendung 28(5-6),
186.
312. Schaefer, H. A. and Stephan, K. (1984) Part load behavior and control of absorption heat pump for room heating,
Brennst.-Waerme-Kraft 36(1-2), 34.
313. Schmidt, K. (1980) Gas heat pumps using absorption principle, VDI-Ber. 353, 79.
314. Schrenk, G. and Lior, N. (1975) The absorption cycle solar heat pump and the potential role of thermo-chemical
storage, in Proc. 2rid Workshop on Use of Solar Energy for Heating~Cooling of BuiMings, p. 207.
315. Schueller, K. H. (1984) Efficiency of ammonia-water heat pumps, VDI-Ber. 539, 91 I.
316. Seher, D. and Stephan, K. (1983) Trifluoroethanol as working substance in absorption heat pumps and heat
transformers, Ki-Klima Kaelte Heiz 11(7-8), 295.
317. Sheridan, N. R. and Kaushik, S. C. (1981) A novel latent heat storage for solar heating systems, refrigerant storage,
Appl. Energy 9(3), 165.
318. Sibley, H. W. (1976) Alkalinity reduction in an absorption refrigeration system (Carrier Corp.) U.S. 3,968,045.
319. Siddig-Mohammed, B. E., Watson, F. A. and Holland, F. A. (1983) Study of the operating characteristics of a reversed
absorption heat pump system heat transformer, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 61(6), 283.
320. Siddig-Mohammed, B. E. (1982) Performance studies on a reversed absorption heat pump, Ph.D. Thesis, University
of Salford, U.K.
 Classified references for absorption heat pump systems since 1975 59

321. Simmons, M. and Wahlig, M. (1975) Ammonia/water absorption air conditioner, in Proc. 2nd Workshop on the use
of Solar Energy for the Cooling of Buildings, Los Angeles, California.
322. Simonot-Grange, M. H. and Guilleminot, J. J. (1978) Absorption of eadily condensable gas by zeolites from a
characteristic curve used for either refrigeration or heating, C.r. hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. Paris C2ff7(8), 305.
323. Singelmann, D. E. (1981) Compressionless heat pumps, Ger. Often. 2,938,901.
324. Smith, I. E. and Carey, C. O. B. (1982) Thermal transformers for up-grading industrial waste heat, in International
Symposium on the Industrial Application of Heat Pumps, Coventry, England, p. 251.
325. Smith, I. E., Carey, C. O. B. and Smith, G. F. (1982) Design and development of absorption heat pumps, in
Proceedings of Four Contractors Meetings on Heat Pumps, Brussels.
326. Smith, I. E. and El-Shamarka, K. E. (1981) Absorption heat pumps for space heating, in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Future
Energy Concepts, p. 232, lEE Conference Publications.
327. Smith, I. E. (1980) Heat pump absorbers, School of Mechanical Engineering, Cranfield Institute of Technology,
Bedford, U.K.
328. Stehmeir, D. (1981) Periodically working absorption heat pumps, VDl-Ber. 427, 65.
329. Stehmeir, D. and Knoche, K. F. (1980) Absorption heat pumps, Wiss.-Umwelt 4, 103.
330. Steimle, F. and Renz, M. (1981) Material system for absorption heat pump, VDI-Ber. 427, 37.
331. Stephan, K. and Seher, D. (1984) Heat transformer cycle---I. One and two stage processes, J. Heat Recovery Systems
4(5), 365.
332. Stephan, K. and Seher, D. (1984) Heat transformer cycle---II. Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a
single-stage absorption heat transformer, J. Heat Recovery Systems 4(5), 371.
333. Stephan, K. and Seher, D. (1984) Working mixtures for sorption heat pumps, sorption coolers and sorption heat
transformers, Ger. Often. DE 3,246,554.
334. Stephan, K. and Seher, D. (1981) Theory and properties of heat transformer, VDI-Ber. 427, 51.
335. Stephan, K. and Seher, D. (1981) Heating with two stage absorption heat pumps, Ki-Klima Kaelte Heiz 9(9), 431.
336. Stephan, K. (1980) Absorption heat pumps, in International Advanced Course on Heat Pumps Fundamentals, Espinho
( Portugal)----NA TO Advanced Study Institutes Programme.
337. Stephan, K. (1980) Absorption heating transformer, in International Advanced Course on Heat Pumps Fundamentals,
Eapinho ( Portugal)---NA TO Advanced Study Institutes Programme.
338. Stephan, K. (1980) Working substances for absorption heat pumps and transformers, International Advanced Course
on Heat Pump Fundamentals, Espinho (Portugal)----NATO Advanced Study Institute Programs.
339. Stephan, K. and Seher, D. (1980) Refrigerants for sorption heat pump, Ki-Klima Kaelte Heiz 8(I), 21.
340. Suda, S. (1984) Recent developments of hydride energy system in Japan, Adv. Hydrogen energy Hydrogen Energy Prog.
S(3), 1201.
341. Takeshita, I., Yamamoto, Y., Horada, I. and Wakamatsu, N. (1984) Residential gas-fired absorption heat pump based
on R22-DE GDME pair. Part 2. Design computer simulation and testing of prototype, Int. J. Refrig. 7(5), 313.
342. Taube, M., Furrer, M., Frick, E., Chevalley, B. and Kohl, H. K. (1978) Thermochemieal system for the management
of heat from LWR's and other sources, paper presented at the 1978 Annual Meeting of the Am. Nuclear Soc., San
Diego, CA.
343. Tchernev, D. I. (1977) Sorption system for low-grade (solar) heat utilization, U.S. 4,034,569.
344. Thevenot, R. (1979) A History of Refrigeration Throughout the Worm (Translated by J. C. Fidler), International
Institute of Refrigeration, Paris.
345. Thomas, D., Turbet, C., Dreuiltie, J., Tillequin, J. and Bugarel, R. (1984) Description of a 100 kW prototype loop
for an industrial high-temperature absorption heat pump, Rev. Inst. Ft. Pat. 39(3), 383.
346. Thomas, W. R. L. and Navon, U. (1978) Computer simulation of a chemical heat pump system--MgCl,:-CH3OH,
paper presented at the Workshop on Chemical Heat Pump Technology, Dublin, CA.
347. Timofeevskii, L. S., Obrezkov, V. D., Ishevskii, A. L., Artyukhov, Y. G. and Kochkareva, O. N. (1983) Working
fluids for absorption refrigerating machines, U.S.S.R. SU 986,915.
348. Tleimat, B. W. and Howe, E. D. (1978) A solar assisted heat pump system for heating and cooling residences, Solar
Energy 21(1), 45.
349. Toray Ind. Inc. (1982) Thermal energy recovery with absorption heat pump, Jpn. Kokai Tokyo Koho JP 82,67,773.
350. Toray Ind. Inc. (1981) Working fluids for absorption heat pump, Jpn. Kokai Tokyo Koho JP 81,67,536.
351. Toray Ind. Inc. (1981) Heat pump working fluid, Jpn. Kokai Tokyo Koho JP 81,70,081.
352. Toray Ind. Inc. (1981) Heat recovery, Jpn. Kokai Tokyo Koho JP 81,70,832.
353. Trane Company (1979) Two-stage absorption cold generator, Absorption/Refrigeration Brochure D-ABS-2.
354. Trepp, C. (1983) History and prospects of heat transformation, Int. J. Refrig. 6(5-6), 309.
355. Trepp, C. and Ziegler, B. (1983) Equation of state for ammonia-water mixtures, Ki-Klima Kaelte Heiz i1(6), 253.
356. Tyagi, K. P. (1984) Pressure-termperature--concentration equations for vapour absorption binary mixtures, J. Heat
Recover), Systems 4(3), 181.
357. Tyagi, K. P. (1984) Ammonia-salts vapour absorption refrigeration systems, J. Heat Recovery Systems 4(6), 427.
358. Tyagi, K. P. (1983) Comparison of binary mixtures for vapour absorption refrigeration systems, J. Heat Recovery
Systems 3(5), 421.
359. Tyagi, K. P. and Shankar, V. (1976) Effect of operating variables on COP for certain absorbent-refrigerant mixtures,
A S H R A E J. 18(5), 35.
360. Uemura, T. (1977) Physical properties of refrigerant absorbent systems for absorption refrigerants, Reito 53(600),
929.
361. Uemura, T. (1976) Studies on the methanol-zinc bromide absorption refrigerating machine, Reito 51(590), 1027.
362. Uemura, T. (1975) Methanol-lithium iodide-bromide absorption refrigerating machine, Reito .e~0(568), 95.
363. Usukin, I. P., Kiloskov, Yu. O., Taubaer, A. I. and Romanzanov, Yu. P. (1977) Use of a solution of methylamine
in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl either for absorption refrigerating machines, Khim. Mashinok 1, 49.
364. Van Hattem, D. and Actis Dato, P. (1981) Description and performance of an active solar cooling system, using a
LiBr-H,O absorption machine, Energy Buildings 3, 169.
365. Vliet, (3. C. and Kim, J. (1983) Modelling of double effect water-lithium bromide absorption cycle, in proc. 18th
Intersoc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf., Vol. 4, p. 1900.
60 M . A . R . EIS^ et al.

366. Vliet, G. C., Lawson, M. B. and Lithgow, R. A. (1982) Water-lithium bromide double-effect absorption cooling cycle
analysis, ASHRAE Trans. 88(I), 811.
367. Vliet, G. C., Lawson, M. B. and Lithgow, R. A. (1980) Water-lithium bromide double-effect absorption cooling
analysis, Final Report on DOE Contract DE AC03-79SF10540, University of Texas at Austin, Centre of Energy
Studies.
368. ,Vliet, G. C. and Saiidi, M. J. (1978) Double effect absorption cooling with solar energy, in Proc. 3rd Workshop on
the Use of Solar energy for Cooling Buildings, San Francisco.
369. Voiget, H. (1982) Refrigeration processes for (heat) storage operation, Kaelte Klimatech 35(8), 312.
370. Vornykh, Yu. A., Usyskin, A. D., Shmuilov, N. G. and Pitonov, E. S. (1976) Operation of a lithium bromide
absorptional refrigerating machine, Otkrytiya lsobret. Prom. ubrastsy Touarnye Znaki 53(6), 92.
371. Ward, D. S. (1979) Solar absorption cooling feasibility, Solar Energy 22(3), 259.
372. Ward, D. S., Duff, W. S., Ward, J. C. and Lof, G. O. G. (1979) Integration of evacuated tabular solar collectors with
lithium bromide absorption cooling system, Solar Energy 22(4), 335.
373. Ward, D. S., Smith, C. C. and Ward, J. C. (1977) Operational modes for solar heating and cooling systems, Solar
Energy 19(1), 55.
374. Ward, D. S. and L6f, G. O. G. (1976) Design, construction and testing of a residential solar heating and cooling
system, in Report to the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS), Solar Energy Pilot Study.
375. Ward, D. S., Uesaki, T. and L6f, G. O. G. (1976) Cooling subsystem design in CSU solar house IIl, in Proc. Joint
Conf. of the American Section of the Solar Energy Society of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
376. Ward, D. S. and L6f, G. O. G. (1975) Design and construction of a residential solar heating and cooling system, Solar
Energy 17, 13.
377. Watanabe, H. (1981) Absorption type heat pump now in practical use, in Proc. Conf. on New Energy Conservation
technologies and their Commercialisation, Berlin.
378. Wehner, K., Tuemenapp, K. L., Heinrich, G., Kisan, W., Hoffman, P. and Stoeck, S. (1975) Low temperature
production in absorption refrigerating machine, (Pape, Dietrich) Ger. (East) I 11,583.
379. Weinstein, A. and Chen, C. (1975) Cooling by solar heat, AJAA Paper No. 75-609, Los Angeles, CA.
380. Wentworth, W. E., Johnston, D. A. and Raldow, W. M. (1978) Chemical heat pumps using a slurry of metal salt
ammoniates in an inert solvent, paper presented at the Workshop on Chemical Heat Pump Technology, Dublin, CA.
381. Westermark, M. (1984) Heat pumping process based on the principle of absorption, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 122,359.
382. Whitlow, E. P. (1976) Relationship between heat source temperature, heat sink temperature and co¢l~cient of
performance for solar powered absorption air conditioners, ASHRAE Trans. 82(1), 950.
383. Wilbur, P. J. and Mancini, T. R. (1976) A comparison of solar absorption air conditioning systems, Solar Energy
18(6), 569.
384. Wilbur, P. J. and Mitchell, C. E. 0975) Solar absorption air conditioning alternatives, Solar Energy 17, 193.
385. Worse, S. P. (1982) Modern trends in heat pump developments, Int. J. Refrig. 5(2), 70.
386. Yanchenko, V. M., Gamayunov, V. A., Fedotov, E. L. and Kazakov, E. A. (1976) Measurement complex for studying
and testing absorption-diffusion refrigerating machines, Mash. App. Kholod. Kriogen-Tekhn. Kond. Vozdukha
U.S.S.R. 1, 66.
387. Yaron, I. and Borde, I. (1984) Working fluids for heat pumps, VDI-Ber. 539, 145.
388. Yazaki Corp. (1984) Absorption liquids for refrigerators and heat pumps, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho HP 59,51,971
(84,519,751).
389. Yazaki Corp. (1984) Heat absorbing liquid for absorption-type refrigeration and/or absorption-type heat pump, Jpn.
Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59,51,969 (84,51,969).
390. Yazaki Corp. (1984) Absorption liquids for refrigerators and heat pumps, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP 59,51,970
(84,519,70).
391. Zaworski, R. J. and Zaworski, J. R. (1982) Heat exchanger approach temperatures in lithium bromide-water
absorption heating process, in Heat-Trans. Proc. Int. Heat Trans. Conf., Vol. 6, p. 433.
392. Zaworski, J. R., Zaworski, R. J., Seher, D. and Stephan, K. (1981) The absorption heating transformer process, in
Proc. 16th Intersoc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf., Vol. I, p. 961.
393. Zerweck, G. (1981) Single or multistage absorption heat pumps, Ger. Often DE 3,009,820.
394. Zhuravlenko, V. Ya, Grosman, E. R. and Shavrin, V. S. (1976) Obtainment of cold in an absorptional cooling unit,
Ofkvytiya lzobret. Prom. Obraztsy Tovarnye Znaki 53(1), 118.
395. Zhuravlenko, V. Ya, Grosman, E. R. and Shavrin, V. S. (1975) Absorption lithium bromide refrigerators, Otkrytiya
lzobret. Prom. Obraztsy Touarnye Znaki 52(48), 109.
396. Ziegler, B. and Trepp, C. (1982) Reverse absorption process, Swiss Chem. 4, 11.

APPENDIX 2. A D D I T I O N A L REFERENCES FOR ABSORPTION SYSTEMS

1. Alefeld, G. (1981) Der w/irmepumpentransformator, ein ger/it zur nutzung Kalter Fernw/irme, Brennat.-Warme-Kraft
33, 486.
2. Baehr, H. D. (1982) Zur thermodynamik des heizens I. Der zweite hauptsute und die konventionellen heizsysteme,
Brennst.-Warme-Kraft 32, 9.
3. Baehr, H. D. (1981) Der prim/irenergieverbrauch yon sorptions--w/irmepumpen--heizsystemen,Brennst.-Warme-Kraft
33, 14.
4. Baehr, H. D. (1981) Die nutzung des abgases als w/irmequelle fiir brennstoffbeheizte sorptioswfirmepumpen.
Absorptions w/irmepumpen, in Ki-extra 14, p. 45, Verlag C. F. Muller, Karlsruhe.
5. Baehr, H. D., Molt, K. (1981) W/irmeverh/iltnis und prim//.renergieverbrauch von absorptions--w/irmepumpenmit
rektifikution. Absorptions warmepumpen, in Ki-extra 14, p. 22, Verlag, C. F. Muller, Karlsruhe.
6. Baehr, H. D. (1980) Zur thermodynamik des heizens II, prim/irnergieersparnis dutch energienutzung,
Brennst.-Warme-Kraft 32, 47.
 Classified references for absorption heat pump systems since 1975 61

7. Barhaud, J. C., France, J. P., Truyo/; A,, Flonte, M., Val0gn~; D., {1981) Chauffage i~l~idual par pompe a chaleur
a absorption aliment~ augaz, Revue G#nbrale Thermique 236-237, 601.
8. Cohur, G., Rojey, A. (1981) Valorisation de chaleur abas niveau termique, Revue de I'IFP 36(3), 349.
9. Loewer, H. (1978) Solar-kfihlung in der klimatechnik, Klima-Kdlte-lng. 6, 155.
10. Loewer, H. (1977) Sorptions w~rmepump¢, prozesse und ihre einsatzmSglichkeiten, VDI-Ber. 289, II1.
I1. Malewski, W. (1979) Wirmepumpensystem nach dem absorption sprinzip zur nutzliestungseinspeisung in fern-
warmenalagen, in Wdrmepumpentechnologie Band 11, Antrieh fiir Wdrmepumpen, p. 80, Vulkan-Verlag Essen.
12. Mostafizaheh, C. H. (1980) Nutzung non abfullwarme mit hilfe von w/irmetransformatoren, Brennst.-Warme-Kraft 32,
312.
13. Nonnenmacher, A. (1980) Warmetransformatoven Institut ffir Kernenergetik und Energiesystems, Universitfit Stuttgart,
IKE-Bericht, Vol. 5, p. 214.
14. Renz, M. (1981) Bestimmung thermodynamischer eingschaften w/iBriger and methylakohoiischer salzl6sungen, For
Schungsberichted DKV Nr. 5, Stuttgart.
15. Renz, M. (1978) Eignung yon arbeitsstoffpaaren fiir absorptwnswiirmepumpenprozesse Wiirmepumpen, Vulkan-Verlag,
Essen.
16. Schrader, K. H. (1981) Versuchsvertrieb eines absorptions--w/i.rmepumpen--prototypen mit dem sicherheits--
zweistoffgemich R22-EISI, in Ki-extra 14, p. 53, Verlag C. F. Muller, Karlsruhe.