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Organic Compounds - covalently bonded compounds containing carbon (excluding carbonates and oxides).
Carbon-Carbon bonding – carbons are unique b/c they can form long chains and/or rings of bonded atoms.
Catenation is the process of an element bonding to itself to make a chain or ring.
Isomers – compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.
Structural Formulas: (as shown above) indicate the number and types of atoms AND show the bonding
arrangement.
Types of Isomers:
Section 2: Hydrocarbons
Saturated hydrocarbons – each carbon atom forms FOUR single bonds.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons – not all carbon atoms have four single bonds.
Hydrocarbon Description General Formula Nomenclature Examples
Alkane Contains only CnH2n+2 Ends in –ane
single bonds
Examples:
CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH3 Name: 2,3,5-trimethylhexane
| | |
CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3
|
CH3-CH-C=CH2 Name: 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1-butene
|
CH2-CH3
Alkenes – nonpolar, similar properties of boiling point and physical state as alkanes, used in commercial
productions like making plastics and plant hormones like ethane (aka ethylene).
Alkynes – nonpolar, same properties as above, used as ethyne (aka acetylene torches) for welding.
Functional Group – group of atoms that give an organic compound its specific properties.
3. 3-pentanone 4. ethanal
5. CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
6. CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
7. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
8. CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
9. CH3-CH3
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
15.