Unit 21: Film Editing

Learning Aim A
EDITING TIMELINE
EFFECTS
TO ADD EFFECTS THAT AREN’T POSSIBLE WHEN FILMING

ON SCREEN GRAPHICS - TEXT

BACKGROUND MUSIC

SOUND EFFECTS - PARALLEL - REFLECTS WHAT’S SHOWN ON SCREEN

CONTRAPUNTAL - CONTRAST TO WHAT IS SHOWN ON SCREEN

CORRECTIONS - AUDIO, COLOUR - BRIGHTNESS AND CONTRAST

TO ADD INSERTS/OVERLAYS - ARCHIVE FOOTAGE

SHOTS
EDITING CAN SHOW A VARIETY OF SHOTS - ENGAGE THE AUDIENCE

TRANSITIONS - CHANGE OF LOCATION - AUDIENCE POSITIONING

TO CREATE AN ORDER

TRANSITIONS - FADE, DISSOLVE, SOFT FOCUS, HARD FOCUS

TIME
TO SLOW OR SPEED UP A SHOT

TO CHANGE THE ORDER OF SHOTS

TO ADD FLASHBACKS OR FLASH FORWARDS

LINEAR/CHRONOLOGICAL

CONTINUITY

MONTAGE - MAKES A CONNECTION BEING SHOTS, CAN SHOW A PASSING OF TIME OR TO SHOW A HINT TOWARDS A
MESSAGE OR MEANING

ELLIPSES EDITING - SHOWING A PASSING OF TIME

SHOT/SEQUENCE DURATION
EFFECTS AUDIENCE
CREATES AN EFFECT ON THE AUDIENCE - EVOKE AN EMOTION

SHAPES OUR RESPONSES - EMOTIONAL IMPACT, PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT

AUDIENCE POSITIONING - VIEWER, VICTIM, VIOLATOR

THOUGHT PROVOKING CREATE ENIGMA

NARRATIVE
TO SLOW OR SPEED UP A SHOT

PLOT - ON/OFF SCREEN - INCLUDING TEXT

STORY - ON/OFF SCREEN STRUCTURE

CHARACTER - SCREEN TIME

CHARACTERS - TO CONVEY A TYPE OF REALISM

CONTINUITY
THE MILLER AND THE SWEEP (1897) - GEORGE A. SMITH: #1
One of the earliest pieces of film of a miller (wearing all white) carrying a sack of flour from his windmill and walking towards the
camera before bumping into a chimney sweep (wearing all black) who is carrying a sack of soot. The two begin to fight using their
sacks and begin to cover each other with flour and soot. Eventually the chimney sweep flees with the miller chasing him off the screen,
and a small crowd of people appear who also chase after the two. The film ends when no one is visible in the shot.

The film is a British short black-and-white silent comedy

created in 1897 by George A. Smith. In the film, G.A. Smith
doesn’t use techniques but one. He uses a well known rule
that is still used today which is called the 180 degree rule -
this means that the camera can only be moved 180 degree
around the set, however, this is impossible as the camera
during this year would be too heavy to move due to the huge
size of the cameras.
THE MILLER AND THE SWEEP (1897) - GEORGE A. SMITH: #2
The idea of binary opposition in the film was adopted from the romantic elements of comics and plays in the 1800s, however, G.A.
Smith didn’t want to include the romantic aspect for binary opposition so he removed it in his film. This is the introduction of a new sort
of binary opposition as he keeps the idea of: black vs white or good vs bad.
A TRIP TO THE MOON (1902) - GEORGES MÉLIÈS
Le Voyage Dans La Lune is a French silent sci-fi film directed by Georges Méliès a famous film pioneer (invented his own editing
device) who was inspired by various novels and was first released in France on the 1st September 1902.

Even Though George Méliès managed to create his own device to edit on, technology in film was still
poor. This didn’t stop George Méliès from using different techniques such as dissolves to pass of time,
however, his remarkable use of a dolly shot made a scene in his film revolutionary. The dolly shot was
used in the shot of the space capsule being launched to the moon although cameras during the time
could not be moved, instead the actors in the film moved. Furthermore, he used an arret which is
destructively cut from the film and reshot with smoke effects to make the the Selenite explode when
killed.
THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY (1903) - EDWIN S. PORTER
The Great Train Robbery is an American silent short Western Action film written, produced and directed by Edwin S. Porter. Edwin
Porter was a film pioneer and pioneered many filming effects such as the use of continuity editing that was easy to comprehend to the
audience. His use of indoor and outdoor locations during The Great Train Robbery was great in
its use of cross-cutting in editing to display simultaneous action in different places.

Edwin S. Porter uses techniques such as parallel editing and crosscutting to present two scenes
to show that the relevancy in both scenes are key and will soon align, this helps the audience
understand the plot even though it is a silent film. He also uses an arret to replace a man for a
dummy model which is seconds thrown over the edge of the train, this happens really quickly so
the viewer would not realise and would make the viewer react.

Edwin S. Porter breaks the fourth wall as a close-up of the bandit leader is seen, either at the
start or end of the film (depending on the theater manager’s decision due to it being irrelevant to
the plot). He points directly towards the camera and shoots his revolver, causing the audience to
panic as they’d think they’re being shot at.
THE BIRTH OF A NATION (1915) - DAVID W. GRIFFITH
The Birth of a Nation (originally called The Clansman) is an American silent epic drama film directed and co-produced by D.W. Griffith.
The film was first released on the 8th February, 1915 and was a commercial success even though it was majorly controversial for its
portrayal of black men (mostly white actors in blackface) as being unintelligent and sexually aggressive towards white females and the
exaggerated portrayal of the Ku Klux Klan as being heroic.

Despite its controversy, the film included many innovative new techniques and adopted in later films, such as eyeline match to involve
the audience when reading the letter, iris shots to focus on a particular character or change the colour to signify a flashback during the
beginning. The film also uses focus to force us to concentrate on a certain image for example, aiming towards
The sad young boy allowed us to feel sympathy for him. In addition, the film also includes dialogue to
guide the audience on track and follow the story.
 MOVIOLA (1924)
A Moviola (created by Iwan Serrurier) was a precise cutting machine that also allows a film editor to
view the film. It was the first machine for motion picture editing and allowed films to incorporate
sound for the first time, however, it wasn’t successful. Even though it was a good invention, sales
weren’t good as it costed $600 in 1920 (roughly equivalent to $20,000 nowadays). Due to this,
during 1923 and 1924 he only managed to sell 3 machines.

Later during the years, many famous studios quickly adopted the Moviola such as Universal
Studios, Warner Brothers and Charles Chaplin Studio. The appearance of sound and the need for
portable editing equipment during World War II caused a jump in production for Moviola machines.

Moviolas were the standard for film editing in the US until the 1970s, when flatbed editor systems
became more common to the film industry. Nevertheless, few very high-profile filmmakers continue
to use the Moviola for example Michael Kahn, who used the Moviola and received an Academy
Award nomination for Best Film Editing in 2005 for his work on Munich.
‘CITIZEN KANE’ OPENING SCENE (1941) - ORSON WELLES
Citizen Kane is an American mystery drama film produced, directed and starred by Orson Welles. The film was released first in 1st
May, 1941 at the Palace Theatre in New York. Orson Welles had adopted many techniques that were pioneered during the early period
of film due to the massive progress and success of filmmaking.

Orson Welles uses techniques such as using dissolves to present a change in time as the fences changes, which symbolizes Kane’s
status in life. This is later followed up with more dissolve inside the fence, allowing us to see many areas of the place with many objects
from foreign countries which could imply that his high status and
wealth has enabled him to travel a lot through his time.

As the scene continues, the music intensifies and we are able to see
light at a window. As we enter, the music suddenly stops and we see
a close-up of Kane’s lips who lets out his last word “Rosebud” before
dropping the snow globe on the floor which smashes. This could show
that wealth is nothing when dead due to us assuming that he has no
children, mainly because of the fact that after he passes away, a
nurse enters instead of his family members.
‘CITIZEN KANE’ EL RANCHO SCENE (1941) - ORSON WELLES
During the El Rancho scene, we first begin at the front of the club which has a picture of Susan Alexander Kane (Kane’s second wife)
which is lightened up by the flashes of the lightning. The camera then proceeds up towards the roof where we see the sign “El Rancho”
including the name of the owner “Susan Alexander Kane”; however, her name is flickering alongside the El Rancho sign, which could
suggest that she is fading away from society. The camera continues through the sign and enters through a crack in a window on the
roof, which could mean that the audience is able to see the cracks in her life which she doesn’t want us to see and could signify that
she is unwelcoming due to the fact that the camera enters through the roof instead of the doors at the front.

Furthermore, the use of rain in this scene hugely shows the emotions of Susan as we no longer see the rain when we enter the club
and the rain is converted into tears, implying that the weather can be powerful in movies to show emotion.
‘CITIZEN KANE’ BREAKFAST SCENE (1941) - ORSON WELLES
During the Breakfast Scene, the audience is able to witness Kane and Emily Kane (Kane’s first wife) relationship within a montage and
how it begins to change overtime. The scene shows the beginning of the relationship where they are both deeply in love with each
other as we hear Kane saying how much he “adores” her and how close they sit together in the dining table. However, we later see that
arguments are beginning to form and presented during breakfast to the point of the two becoming distant from each other. The end of
the scene, we hear dead silence from the duo as they have nothing else to talk about and they are far apart from each other.

The scene is seen to use shot reverse shots to signify a conversation with the two and also uses montage to collapse time between
Kane and his first wife in which they both change costumes and make-up between cuts so it looked as if time has fast forwarded.
THE STEENBECK FLATBED EDITOR (1953)
Favoured over the “serving kit” style and the higher-speed operation of the Moviola, the Steenbeck flatbed became widespread
throughout the film industry. European flatbeds came into more common use in the United States during the 1970s, although never
completely replacing the Moviola. By the mid-1990s, flatbeds were increasingly replaced by computer-based nonlinear systems, such
as Avid.

The editor is able finds a point in the scene and cut one shot into another. In order to do
that, the editor must mark both pictures, then makes the cut and splices in the next
shot. However it was still mechanical and destructive which means that if you cut a part
of a footage on the tape by accident, you could destroy your footage as it cannot be
placed back, meaning it’d have to be re-shot at a great expense.
LINEAR VS NONLINEAR
Nonlinear editing is a form of audio, image or video editing and is edited with a specialist software. In film, the original shot isn’t
modified and instead, it’s created on a system that performs non-destructive editing on the source material meaning it will prevent
quality loss of shots. This allows the editor to go back to the original anytime they wish without ruining the original shot.

Linear editing was used during the early periods of film and was widely used in the film industry during the 1970’s, until the early 90’s in
which linear editing was pushed out by nonlinear editing. Linear editing is a form of audio, image or video editing which is edited by
selecting, arranging and modifying sound and images in any order the editor wishes, however, this would be permanent and cannot be
reversed.
TRAINSPOTTING (1996) - DANNY BOYLE
Trainspotting his a British dark comedy film directed by
Danny Boyle. The film was first released in the UK on the
23rd of February 1996.

In the interview scene, we can see an anxious Spud who

is applying for a job, so his friend Renton offers his a
solution to prevent his nervous behaviour with a speed
pill. The scene cuts rapidly to the interview and we see
that the 30 degree rule is being broken, although this
shouldn’t be done due to it disorienting the audience, the
editor does this on purpose to portray Spud’s mental
state. This could further show how Spud is being overly
excited and out of his mind due to the influence of the
speed he had taken.
GREENSCREEN
Greenscreen is an effect to remove the original background to add in an alternate background through the use of chroma keying and
relying on the colour hue which is mostly green or blue. Greenscreen allows everyone to visual another world without creating a high
budget setting for the movies. Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) is creating an object during editing whilst Greenscreen is used
during filming and then altered during the editing process. CGI allows the creation of a huge army or even paranormal beings in films,
therefore making it a lot easier instead of hiring multiple actors.

There are many known films and tv shows that use CGI/Greenscreen such as: Game of Thrones, Saving Private Ryan and even
WALL-E.
MOTION CAPTURE
Motion capture is the process or technique of recording someone’s movements in order to create a digital character in a film or a video
game. Performance capture is similar to motion capture, however, it captures facial expressions, hands movements and even little
actions such as blinking. In order to do this, the actor/actress must put on a full body suit which has multiple ball markers and could
even have ball markers applied to their faces which allows the cameras to capture the balls and is then calibrated by a computer to
produce a 3D model. This is then edited to create an image of the editors choice.

There are many famous films that has used motion capture/performance capture for example: King Kong, Rise of the Planet of the
Apes and Avatar.
MONTAGE
INTRO MONTAGE
Montaging in films was introduced by the Soviet Union in the 1920s noticeably by Russian filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein and many other
soviet students in the Moscow Film School. It was originally used for agitprop which is political propaganda used in art, however, the
use of it became popular in the film industry till this day. The use of agitprop at first was to convince the audience to go against the Tsar
of Russia who was known to be arbitrary as his role but was later used to support communist ideologies.

The use of montage was later changed and was used to randomly place shots together without any sort of order to show continuity.
The reason for this is because it could be used to : show development, manipulate time and even create drama for the audience.
KULESHOV
Lev Kuleshov was a soviet film maker who pioneered the effects of
juxtaposition shots to create different emotions of a character in a shot.
He does this by displaying three different images before cutting to an
expressionless man which showed different emotions such as lust,
sadness and hunger in the eyes of the audience. Kuleshov said that the
original shot of the man had no meaning until it was aligned with
another shot, this was later known as the Kuleshov effect.

= Hunger

= Sadness

= Lust
EISENSTEIN
Sergei Eisenstein was a soviet film director and film theorist, who pioneered in the theory of montage. Famous for his silent films
especially his most famous silent film: ‘Battleship Potemkin’ which was named the “greatest film of all time” in 1958 at the Brussel’s
World Fair. Eisenstein uses his 5 montage techniques to support the people for his film and to build suspense for the audience.

Metric - Metric was the use of mixing real time and mythical time together; an example of this is during the Odessa Steps Scene in
“Battleship Potemkin” a pram is falling down the stairs, however, it takes much longer than it would naturally if it was to reach the
bottom. This is due to the fact that a mythical time has been created by extending the time of it falling to build tension for the audience.

Rhythmic - Rhythmic is the use of two juxtaposing forces as they both follow the same action or idea to compare. For example, the
rhythm of the soldiers footsteps as they advance suggest an aggressive tone, whilst the pram falling down the steps gracefully suggest
an innocent and peaceful tone.

Tonal - Tonal relates emotion with the lighting, shadow and/or framing to generate a specific tone for the audience. This presents
emotion to the audience, allowing them to understand the mood of a character.

Overtonal - Overtonal is the use of rhythmic, tonal and metric montage combined to create a connection between each of them to
produce meaning.

Intellectual - Intellectual is the use of juxtaposing two or more shots which join together to construct an image to allow the audience to
visualize their opinions of the meanings in the shot.
PUDOVKIN
Vsevolod Pudovkin was a soviet film director, screenwriter, actor and a renown student of Kuleshov’s who developed influential
theories of montage.

Contrast - Contrasting is using juxtaposing images to increase the sense of drama; an example of contrast is the Prison Killings in
‘Breaking Bad’ where many witnesses are all being murdered by the Aryan Brotherhood on the orders of the anti-hero protagonist
Walter White. Whilst the havoc is going on, Walter White is sitting safely in the comfort of his home.

Parallelism - Parallelism is the use of cross cutting in two or more individual scenes that is happening at the same time but in different
places. This sometimes lead to the scenes to meet and merge into one. An example for Parallelism is the use of parallel editing in ‘The
Silence of the Lambs’ where the police try to capture the serial killer Hannibal Lecter, however, manages to raid the wrong house whilst
the main protagonist Clarice Starling is by herself and encounters him, putting herself in danger.

Symbolism - Symbolism is a visual or auditory representation on an individual or an object. For example Disney uses colour symbolism
such as lime green to represent evil in all their animations.

Simultaneity - Simultaneity is the use of cross-cutting one action to another to show an action occurring.

Leitmotif - Leitmotif is the use of musical scores in a movies to evoke drama for example, the Jaws theme song or the Star Wars
Imperial March or the Rocky montage theme song.
‘PSYCHO’ SHOWER SCENE (1960) - ALFRED HITCHCOCK
Alfred Hitchcock uses montage editing to join sequences of cuts into one fluent scene
which allows the scene to seem quick. The technique is used to make the killing scene
more realistic and cover the fact that the murderer (Norma Bates) doesn’t really touch
the main character (Marion Crane). For example, the shots of the antagonist stabbing
the protagonist is merged in with sound effects which makes the viewer assume the knife
is piercing her, causing the audience to react strongly.

It was mindblowing to the audience as the first part of the film, the audience assumed
Marion Crane to be the main protagonist, however, is killed of quickly with a knife which
introduces the subgenre of horror films, “Slasher” films.
‘THE KARATE KID’ TRAINING MONTAGE (2010)
The use of a training montage in the recent The Karate Kid is to promote a sense of improvement as the character Dre Parker is seen
practicing each scene and seems to get better and better. This allows the audience to witness progression whilst remaining intrigued in
the plot as it is short and simple when omitted into a quick montage.

The use of leitmotif throughout the scene presents a more intense feel to the montage, letting the audience know that Dre Parker is
fully determined to improve his skills. This score is also upbeat and synchronizes with the montage in a way that us as the audience
can see his training is going smoothly.
‘TEAM AMERICA’ PARODY MONTAGE
Team America uses montage in their film to mock montages in other films which is known as a parody montage. The creators Trey
Parker and Matt Stone exaggerates Gary Johnston (the main protagonist) by making him fail drastically in the beginning, however, he
improves later on. This is to mock other action montages in other films such as “Rocky” and “The Karate Kid”. Even though the
montage happens in different places, the use of costume changes allows the audience to follow in on the storyline and helps them
figure out that To make the montage believable, Team America uses costume changes to show that the montage is taking place over a
period of time.

Furthermore, the song played over the montage is comedic and admits to the audience that they are parodying a lot of action
montages - mocking action montages by inferring that it’s too predictable and such.
‘SHAUN OF THE DEAD’ HIP HOP MONTAGE
Hip hop montage is used in Shaun of the Dead as it is used to create a comedic effect. An example of this is seen in The Plan Scene
where they figure out a tactic to reunite with friends and family during the zombie apocalypse, this is seen to be comedic as the
montage repeats itself and we can hear that dialogue in the montage is being shortened every time it is repeated giving the audience
and understanding that it is installed for humourous aspects. Due to this, even though there is a strategy created through the montage,
the audience could believe that the plans are impractical because of the comedic side of it.

Additionally during the montage, whip pans are used to allow a clearer understanding of it being a montage for the audience as it
transitions into their plans and back to the present.
‘BOWLING FOR COLUMBINE’ INTELLECTUAL MONTAGE
The Bowling For Columbine documentary uses montage to portray the life of a stereotypical American, it combines the American
lifestyle with political views about previous presidents and the laws enforced in the country that Michael Moore (Director) could be
against. The director includes the quotation “bombing another country which name we can’t pronounce” which shows us the bad side of
politics, making the audience skeptical about the decisions that the government make. The montage is ended with a woman who is
wielding a assault rifle to symbolize the “American Dream” which guns are seen to be normal in everyday life.

Moore’s uses intellectual montage to manipulate the audience to analyse the montage and assume before given the truth; he does this
by applying normal lives of Americans with a couple of school kids bowling at 6 A.M. who seem quite innocent in the moment but the
mood is later changed due to us given the knowledge that those two students were school shooters. Moore shows the audience that
firearms in America is easily attainable and how anyone can buy a gun without a license, conveying a serious mood as he witness the
flaws of American gun laws.
GENRE
‘CAPTAIN VIDEO AND HIS VIDEO RANGERS’ SCI-FI (1949 - 1955)
Captain Video and his Video Rangers is an American sci-fi series which first aired on June 27, 1949 with the last episode ending on
April 1, 1955. The tv series uses many voiceovers to remind the audience of what is going on in the episode since there was a lack of
technology and understanding of shots during the time; Recaps are used to go over what has happened in the previous episode to
display continuity in the series, giving it backstory due to tv shows have more than one episodes. Moreover, the use of an iris shot
aiming towards Captain Video let us know that he is the main protagonist in the tv series.

In addition, cross cutting was used because of the fact that sci-fi genre’s were known for using it in their episodes. An example of this
is, in the first scene parallel editing is automatically shown however, we can see a shot reverse shot attempt. Between the first and
second scene, we are able to see a dissolve which merges the two scenes together as the hijackers enter; however, it was used
improperly mainly because dissolves are original and still used to jump time, but instead was applied to introduce the hijackers.
‘DR WHO’ SCI-FI (1963 - PRESENT)
Doctor Who is a British sci-fi series which first aired on November 23, 1963 and uses both continuity and montage editing. Doctor Who
is known for being one of the biggest sci-fi tv shows in the world and their recognizable theme song. The genre is fixated by the use of
iconography in many scenes for example: The use of metal surrounding the setting, space suits, rockets and many more. The
characters also mention space to suggest a scientific feel for the audience. Additionally, the tv show uses a blue filter to convey that
that character is in fact, in space and tilts the camera to represent the astronaut ascending.

An action match is used when a presenter is broadcasting on a tv screen which jumps to him, breaking the 30 degree rule. Another
action match occurs when the astronaut opening a hatch to the spaceship occurs before hearing a strange metallic ringing sound. As
this is happening, the camera rotates vigorously whilst it is zooming towards the astronauts face before a montage of other characters
who hear the unusual sound, leaving the viewers shocked.
‘FARSCAPE’ SCI-FI (1999 - 2003)
Farscape is an Australian-American sci-fi series which was first aired on March 19, 1999 with the last episode ending on March 21,
2003. Technology has improved in comparison to previous sci-fi tv shows like Captain Video; This is seen through the clear and
realistic CGI that the tv series implements. Farscape first introduces aliens in the tv series and some are seen to be different colours
such as blue or orange and some are seen to be small in size.

In the opening credits, the tv show uses montage to give the audience some backstory through flashbacks and also uses flashforwards
which reveal future scenes in future episodes. They also use dissolve when connecting the previous scene to the opening credits and
the main character’s voice is heard when narrating parts of his backstory.
‘BATTLESTAR GALACTICA’ SCI-FI (2004 - 2009)
Battlestar Galactica is an American military sci-fi series which first aired on October 18, 2004 and ended on March 20, 2009. A
successful remake version of the 1978 version ‘Battlestar Galactica’, Battlestar Galactica uses a lot of advanced technology including
CGI in the show to present realistic spaceships. In the episode, the camera crosscuts between 3 individual narratives; the commander
in the oxygen room, the sergeant in the command room and Apollo (the spaceship), which gives off a documentary tone to the episode.
Battlestar Galactica also uses their very own signature camera techniques, this is seen in the episode as multiple actions happen
which therefore is recorded in one shot as it pans to another scene instead of cutting to the next scene - when it is happening in the
same setting.

Editing techniques such as an action match when the commander is opening the hatch to the oxygen room, a shot reverse shot of the
commander and sergeant, eyeline match when the sergeant looks at the clock. Moreover, the 180 degree rule is broken due to the
events happening in the episode being too uncontrollable for the characters.
‘STAR TREK: ENTERPRISE’ SCI-FI (2001 - 2005)
Star Trek: Enterprise is an American sci-fi series which first aired on September 26, 2001 with the last episode ending on May 13,
2005. Star Trek: Enterprise uses a lot of graphic matches in the opening sequence to display the advancement in technology from
humans to humans in the year of Star Trek. Star Trek: Enterprise also uses non diegetic music which relates to the expansion of
knowledge, faith and it also speaks about going where the heart will take them which states that the evolution of technology has relied
on human knowledge, faith and the heart to achieve the goals.
‘BATTLESTAR GALACTICA’ SCI-FI: OPENING SCENE (2004 - 2009)
Battlestar Galactica’s opening scene uses montage to create enigma for the viewer. The montages are split between a summary of the
previous episode and what is to come in this episode. The opening scene uses short duration shots to build up suspense and increase
some sort of hype in the audience as it’d give little information but not too much. The opening also uses a lot of black dissolves to let
the viewers gain information at a slower pace but later on, the black dissolves begin to speed up as it transitions into cross dissolves -
transitioning from one shot to the next.
Unit 21: Film Editing
Learning Aim B
 HOSPITAL SCENE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WwVWCNcF2w8
SETTING UP A SEQUENCE
A sequence must be set up for me to proceed with the creation of the Hospital Scene.
Adobe Premiere Pro must be opened and the location of where the sequence is placed
should be allocated in a desired folder - in my case, I put it all in the Hospital Scene file.
After clicking “OK”, I had to choose a suitable available preset which can be found by going
to: Canon XF MPEG2 > 1080p > Canon XF MPEG2 1080p25. The reason for this is due to
the fact that it is the UK codec for correct television.
IMPORTING CLIPS
In order to begin creating the Hospital Scene, clips must be imported to the project.
Importing clips can be done in a few ways such as double clicking on the box where the
clips are placed which would open the folders with the clips; another way of doing this is by
going on File > Import… which also opens the folders with the clips. If this isn’t done, there
wouldn’t be any clips to start editing with.
EDITING IN SOURCE AND SEQUENCE
The clips that I have acquired are too long and irrelevant for the story to be placed in the
sequence so I’d need to crop the clip into the specific length of my choice. In order to select
the length I must use the “o” and “i” key which are the in and out markers and allows me to
place various clips together to form a scene that I want.

In the Hospital Sequence, there are 8 clips which requires trimming and adjusting because
the shots are retaken to allow myself to pick out parts which I like. The clips must also be put
into order to give a sense of continuity for the audience.
OVERLAYING CLIPS
When editing the hospital edit, I overlay the clip and sound to display a sense of continuity
as the world continues to move onwards even when the characters are speaking. An
example of this is when the couple are speaking and the woman eventually notices the
doctor approaching through the window. Another example is the reaction from both the man
and woman as the couple find out that the woman has cancer, the shock on his and her face
while the doctor continues to speak shows the disarray and thought process about the
situation in hand.
4-POINT EDITING
4-point editing is an easier way to place a clip in the exact length you desire in the
sequence. To do this I needed to use the in and out marker in the clip and then do the same
thing on the sequence. After clicking on insert displayed in the first screenshot, there should
be a box called ‘fit clip’ and then click on the option you wish.
 HORROR EDIT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxw0vXokaOE
ROLLING TITLES
I applied rolling titles on my horror edit at the end to credit everyone who worked to create
the filming of the scene, including myself. To do this, I went to the top bar and clicked on
Title > New Title > Rolling Title. A pop up would give me a variety of options to create my title
ranging from the font, size, colour, etc. An addition to this, if the title is placed on the timeline
above a clip, the title can be overlayed on top of it. I’d simply paste the credits that I copied
from the website and added my name in as editor.
BLUES MULTI CAM EDIT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUNX5SVENc4
NESTING SEQUENCES
In order to nest my sequences, I merge the videos together to use the multicam to control all
4 videos at the same time. To do this I had to drag all the scenes into the sequence timeline
and layer them one above the other to sync them together. As the cameras are shot at the
same time, I don’t need all but one of the audios, therefore I delete all of them except one.
To nest all the scenes together I must highlight all the tracks and click on ‘Nest’ which is
located in the Clip bar at the top creates a new sequence in the bin.

Then I went to the Window bar and then click on multicam. A box would pop out with all of
the four footage that I selected, this box would allow me to play and record while I manually
pick out what shots I want to be played.
 VOLCANO EDIT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6sCe9hN6WM
SOUND
When editing the volcano edit, I am given a whole trailer with no sound in it. I had to import
pre-recorded digital sound clips such as explosions and screams from Youtube to Premiere
Pro so that I can use them in my edit. I did this by converting sound recordings from youtube
to mp4. During editing I had to move the audio exactly where the audio would typically be
and make it seem like it was already in the trailer as it being synchronized.
 MONTAGE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTHJO49L7kk