Auto CAD

Level -1 - Two Dimensional

Drafting
 Session Plan - 1
Introduction to CAD Applications.
CAD Versions.
Hardware Requirements.
Opening AutoCAD Application
The AutoCAD Screen
Opening a Drawing File.
Page Navigation.
Zoom, Pan
Closing a Drawing File.
Creating a New File
Creating a Drawing.
Saving a Drawing file.
Introduction to CAD
Applications
CAD as a digital tool for Engineering
Engineering needs many Planning and Implementation Tools.

Drafting and Designing are important tools for Engineering.

Usually Drafting is done using the Drawing sheets, Boards, Drafters and other Drawing Instruments.

With advent of computers the scene has changed.

Now Computer Software Applications are used for Drawing and Designing the Engineering Plans.

The CAD or CADD

The Computer Aided Designing (CAD) or Computer Aided Drafting (CADD) are the terms used for
using computers for drawing and designing applications under various platforms.

The Mainframe and Super computers use CAD/CADD workstations for creation of Engineering
drawings and Designs.

The CAD Applications.

CAD applications softwares prevalent today are AutoCAD, ZWCAD, IntelliCAD, Pro-E etc.

These applications are manufactured by various companies and are specialised for various areas of
drawing and designing.
AutoCAD History
AutoCAD is the CAD Application Software manufactured by AutoDesk
Inc.
Version 1.0 (Release 1) - December 1982
Version 1.2 (Release 2) - April 1983
Version 1.3 (Release 3) - August 1983
Version 1.4 (Release 4) - October 1983
Version 2.0 (Release 5) - October 1984
Version 2.1 (Release 6) - May 1985
Version 2.5 (Release 7) - June 1986
Version 2.6 (Release)    - April 1987
Release 9 - September 1987
Release 10 - October 1988
Release 11 - October 1990
Release 12 - June 1992 (last release for Apple Macintosh)
Release 13 - November 1994 
(last release for Unix, MS-DOS and Windows 3.11)
Release 14 - February 1997
AutoCAD 2000 (R15.0) - March 1999
Benefits of Using AutoCAD
Quickly create designs
Needs less storage Space
Improved quality over hand drafting
Can be customized to suit the individual’s
needs
Drawing modification is very easy
Can Draw to the actual scale and can be
scaled during printing
Helps in preparation of Plan as well as 3
Dimensional Models and helps in product
walkthroughs.
 Hardware Requirements
Version 1.0 (Release 1) - 8085/8088
Version 1.2 (Release 2) - 8085/8088
Version 1.3 (Release 3) - 8085/8088
Version 1.4 (Release 4) - 8085/8088
Version 2.0 (Release 5) - 8085/8088
Version 2.1 (Release 6) - 8088
Version 2.5 (Release 7) - 8088
Version 2.6 (Release 8)  - 8088
Release 9 - 8088, 8087
Release 10 - 80286, 80287
Release 11 - 80386, 80387
Release 12 - 80486, 80487
Release 13 - 80486, 80487
Release 14 - Pentium I
AutoCAD 2000 (R15.0) - Pentium I
AutoCAD 2000i (R15.1) - Pentium I
AutoCAD 2002 (R15.6) - Pentium I
AutoCAD 2004 (R16.0) - Pentium I
AutoCAD 2005 (R16.1) - Pentium II
AutoCAD 2006 (R16.2) - Pentium III
AutoCAD 2007 (R17.0) - Pentium IV
AutoCAD 2008 (R17.1) - Pentium IV and above, 1 GB RAM, 3 GB free HD Space,
1280 X 1024 display adapter capable of 24 bit color.
AutoCAD 2009 (R17.2) - Pentium IV and above
AutoCAD 2010 - Pentium IV and above
AutoCAD 2011- Pentium IV and above
Starting AutoCAD

Use
Start -> All Programs -> Autodesk
-> AutoCAD 2009 -> AutoCAD
2009.
Or Click the Icon on the
Desktop.
The AutoCAD interface will
open.
AutoCAD 2009 Screen
(2D Drafting & Annotation
Type)
AutoCAD 2009
(3D Modeling Screen Type)
AutoCAD Classic Screen
Mode
 Menu Various Tool Bars
Browser with Tool Buttons AutoCAD Classic
Title Bar Screen Mode
Menu Bar

Drawing Tool Cross Hair

Bar Mouse
Pointer
Drawing
Area
WCS
(World Co-ordinate Modification
System) Icon Tool Bar

Model and Layout Page Tabs

Command Area and Command

Prompt

Settings Status
Buttons Bar
 Page Navigation
Zooming and Panning in the
Drawing
Opening a Drawing File.
Use file -> Open through Menu Bar or
File open command from quick menu on the
top left corner.

Understanding the difference between a

Drawing and a Template.
Using Zoom Options.
Using Pan Options.
Saving a Drawing File
Opening a New Drawing
Page
Use File -> New Option or
Click the New File Button from the Quick
Selection Menu.
Select the acad.dwt (the autocad default
drawing template) file when creating a new
drawing file.
Making the First Drawing

Line Command: Used to create straight

line by joining two points.
Select the Line Command option from
Drawing Tool bar or
Drawing Menu Bar or
Give Line Command at Command Prompt, the
shortcut command l can also given.
The command area will respond by asking to
select the first point of the line: select any
point on the drawing screen or provide a
co-ordinate point say 0,0.
Point Selection Methods

Absolute Co-ordinate point selection method.

Point is selected by providing the absolute co-
ordinate point : x,y
Relative Co-ordinate point selection method.
A point is selected as displacement from the
previously selected point : @∆ξ, ∆ψ
Πολαρ Χο−ορδινατε ποιντ σελεχτιον µετηοδ.
Α ποιντ ισ σελεχτεδ βψ προϖιδινγ τηε διστανχε ανδ
ανγλε φροµ τηε πρεϖιουσ ποιντ : ≅διστανχε<ανγλε.
Α νεω ποιντ χαν αλσο βε σελεχτεδ βψ σηοωινγ τηε
Drawing Exercises

Exercise 1 : Making a Square of 10 Square

Units.

10

10
Drawing Exercises

Exercise 2: Drawing a rectangle with the

following dimensions.

15

10
Drawing Exercise

Exercise 3: Create the following Drawing using

the dimensions mentioned.

20

10

20

10
10
Drawing Exercise

Exercise 4 : Creating a Drawing with the

following Dimensions.

17

10

45°
27

10

10

10
Drawing Exercise

Exercise 5: Creating a drawing with the

following Dimensions.

30°

10
 Session Plan - 2
Drawing lines using Pointing to a direction and distance method
Pre-defined Polar Angle Setting
The Function Keys
The First Modification Command – Erase.
Object Selection methods.
Object Handles and using them to Stretch an Object
Object Snapping.
OSNP and OSNAP tracking.
The Regen Command
Drawing Excercises.
Drawing Lines using
pointing to a direction and
The direction candistance
providing be pointed using :
The movement of mouse in a specific
Direction.
Ortho Mode can be set to ON to point to 0, 90,
180 and 270 degrees directions using the F8
key or by pressing Ortho on button on the
status bar.
Pre-defined angles can be set using polar
angle settings / polar tracking settings.
Angles over rides can be set by providing the
angle using <angle, e.g. <96 will set the
The Function Keys
FUNCTION KEYS IN AUTOCAD
FUNCTION KEY FUNCTION
F1 HELP
F2 TEXT / DRAWING MODE
F3 OSNAP ON/OFF
F4 TABLET ON/OFF
F5 ISOPLANE TOP/LEFT/RIGHT
F6 DYNAMIC UCS ON/OFF
F7 GRID MODE ON/OFF
F8 ORTHO MODE ON/OFF
F9 SNAP MODE ON/OFF
F10 POLAR TRACKING ON/OFF
F11 OSNAP TRACKING
F12 DYNAMIC INPUT ON/OFF
The Erase Command &
Object Selection Methods
First Modification Command : Erase
Command Can be selected from:
Modification Tool bar.

Modify Menu Bar.

Write the command Erase at the command prompt or use the short cut E.

On giving the erase command we will be prompted to select the

object.
Objects can be selected using any of the following methods:
Selection by clicking.

Windows Selection.

Crossing Selection.

Fence Selection.

Crossing Polygon Selection.

Handling the Object Handles and
using them to stretch/move an
Object
Object Snapping
We can use object snaps to specify precise locations on
objects.
For example, we can use an object snap to draw a line to the center
of a circle or to the midpoint of a polyline segment or to mid point of
a line.

We can specify an object snap whenever we are prompted for

a point.
By default, a marker and a tooltip are displayed when we
move the cursor over an object snap location on an object.
This feature, called AutoSnap™, provides a visual clue that
indicates which object snaps are in effect.
Osnap Tracking
We can draw objects at specific angles or in specific relationship to other objects
along specified directions called alignment paths.

AutoTrack™ helps us draw objects at specific angles or in specific relationships to

other objects.

When we turn on AutoTrack, temporary alignment paths help us create objects at

precise positions and angles. AutoTrack includes two tracking options: polar tracking
and object snap tracking.

We can toggle AutoTrack on and off with the Polar and Otrack buttons on the status
bar.

Object snap tracking works in conjunction with object snaps.

We must set an object snap before we can track from an object's snap point.

We can use object snap tracking to track along alignment paths that are based on
object snap points.

Acquired points display a small plus sign (+), and we can acquire up to seven
tracking points at a time. After we acquire a point, horizontal, vertical, or polar
alignment paths relative to the point are displayed as we move the cursor over their
drawing paths.

For example, we can select a point along a path based on an object endpoint or
midpoint or an intersection between objects.
The Regen, Regen All,
Redraw Commands.
Regen
Regenerates the drawing and refreshes
current viewport
Control the Display of Polylines, Hatches,
Gradient Fills, Lineweights, and Text
Regen All
Regenerates the drawing and refreshes all
viewports
Redraw
We can remove the plus-shaped markers
Exercise 1 : Drawing an Object using Absolute Co-ordinate Method

(0, ??) (75,50)

(35,40) (75,40)

(20,25)

(35,10) (75,10)

(0,0) (75,0)
Exercise 2 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

90°

30

10
75
Exercise 3 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

10

90°
30

45°

10
40
Exercise 4 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

10

10

135
°
20.06

10

20.06
60
Exercise 5 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

.98
17

34°

15
20
30

25

20
Exercise 6 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

20

60°

30
10
28
49.
Exercise 7 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

54.14

30
4
.0
10

°
45
40
Exercise 8 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

10

10
4
.2 19.97
30
60
°

10
20

°
131
20
Exercise 9 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

7.5

4
.9
14
7.5

5.7
19
5
7.
45°

105°
7.5
15

7.5
12
0°

Start Point
Exercise 10 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

20

11
°0
° 40
60 °
10

15

20
5°

.0
3
65.33

90°
25°
30
°

4
40°

29.9
9.95
Exercise 11 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

20

10

10

40
20

10
70
Exercise 12 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method
Session Plan - 3
Setting Object’s Non-Geometric Properties
Colour, Line Weight, Line Type
Enquiry / Inspection of Drawing Parameters
Dist, Area, Id

Drawing Commands Continued:

Line Category
● Construction Line, Ray, Multiline

Curve Category
● Circle, Arc, Ellipse, Poly Line

Modification Commands Continued:

Copy, Move, Offset, Mirror, Trim, Stretch, Rotate
Construction Lines and
Rays
Lines that extend to infinity in one direction is
known as ray
Line that extend to infinity in both directions
of a point is known as construction line
These lines are used as references for
creating other objects.
For example, you can use construction lines to
find the center of a triangle, prepare multiple
views of the same item, or create temporary
intersections to use for object snaps.
Using Construction Line –
xline command

Creates a line to infinite distance on both sides of the selected point.

Used as reference line for creation of drawing objects.
Using Rays – Ray Command

Creates a line to infinite distance on One side of the selected

point.
Used as reference line for creation of drawing objects.
Multi-line
Mline Command

Creates a Parallel lines.

Used for creation of parallel lines for wall, road, frames etc.
Mline Excercise
Poly line – the pline
command
A polyline is a connected sequence of
segments created as a single object. You can
create straight line segments, arc segments,
or a combination of the two.
Polylines are ideal for applications including
the following:
Contour lines for topographic, isobaric, and
other scientific applications
Wiring diagrams and printed circuit board
layouts
Process and piping diagrams
Extrusion profiles and extrusion paths for 3D
Poly Line - Pline
Polyline Excercise

20

10
Drawing a Circle :
The circle command
Circles can be made using following methods:
Centre Point, Radius method.
Centre Point, Diameter Method.
2 Point Method.
3 Point Method.
Tangent, Tangent, Radius Method.
Tangent, Tangent, Tangent Method.
 Methods of Drawing a
Circle.
Centre Point,
Radius 3 Point 3rd Point Tangent Tangent Radius
Centre Point Radius

Tangent Tangent Tangent

Two Point
2nd Point TTR
1st Point
2 Point (Tangent,
TTT
Tangent,
(Tangent,
Radius)
Tangent,
Tangent)
Circle Exercise 1

Ø8

3.897
.6
Ø1
60°

4.5
Ø16
Moving Objects
Move Command
You can move objects at a specified distance
and direction from the originals.
Use coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, and
other tools to move objects with precision.
An object can be Moved by using the distance
and direction specified by a base point
followed by a second point.
In this example, you move the block
representing a window.
Click  Modify -> Move or Enter move at the
command prompt.
Moving an Object

2 3

20
Creating Duplicates /
Copies:
You
Copycan create duplicates of objects at a
Command.
specified distance and direction from the
originals.
Use coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, and
other tools to copy objects with precision.
Copy an object using the distance and
direction specified by a base point followed by
a second point.
In this example, you copy the block
representing an electronic component.
Click  Modify menu ->  Copy or at the
Copying an Object

1 2
20
Creating Parallel Objects:
Offset Command.
Offset an object to create a new object whose
shape parallels the shape of the original
object.
OFFSET creates a new object whose shape
parallels the shape of a selected object.
Offsetting a circle or an arc creates a larger or
smaller circle or arc, depending on which side
you specify for the offset.
A highly effective drawing technique is to
offset objects and then trim or extend their
ends.
You can offset
Offset to Create parallel
objects
Circle Exercise 2

30

10
0
R1

0 R5
Ø4

25

10
10

10
Circle Exercise 3

Ø1
Ø1

0
0

Ø
4

4.8Sq
Ø4
Circle Exercise 4

Ø
20

30
R5

50
Circle Exercise 5

30 15

R4
Ø8 26
15
23

Ø15
22
38
Creating Mirror Images:
Mirror Command.
We can flip objects about a specified axis to
create a symmetrical mirror image.
Mirroring is useful for creating symmetrical
objects because we can quickly draw half the
object and then mirror it instead of drawing
the entire object.
We flip objects about an axis called a mirror
line to create a mirror image.
To specify this temporary mirror line, we enter
two points.
We can choose whether to erase or retain the
Mirroring Example
Mirroring Exercise 1
Mirror
Line

R8

20

5
Mirroring Exercise 2

R1 42
0

R5
R1
0
Ø28
R10

40
10
Mirroring Exercise 3

120°

50
CENTER

0
R1

R5
 Session Plan - 4

The Curves : Arc, Ellipse, Spline

Rectangles: The Rectangle Command
Polygons : The Polygon Command
Rotating Objects: The Rotate Command
Corner finishing : Fillet & Chamfer
Commands
Drawing an Arc:
Arc Command.
To create an arc, we can specify various
combinations of center, endpoint, start point,
radius, angle, chord length, and direction
values.
We can create arcs in several ways.
Following methods are used for drawing an
Arc:
3P, SCE, SCA, SCL, SEA, SER, SED, CSE, CSA,
CSL
With the exception of the first method (i.e. the
Three point Arc), arcs are drawn
 3 Point, SCE, SCA, SCL
Arcs
2nd Point

3 Point Arc
3rd Point

Start, Centre, Included Angle

1st Point Included Angle

Start Point

Start, Centre, End Point

90°
Start Point

Centre Point

End Point

Start, Centre, Length of Chord

Centre Point
Start Point

Chord
Length
Centre Point
SEA, SED, SER Arcs
Start, End, Included Angle
Direction

Included Angle

200°
End Point

Start Point

Start Point
Start, End, Direction

End Point
Start Point

Radius Start, End, Radius

CSE, CSA, CSL
Start Point

Centre, Start, Included Angle

End Point

Included Angle

200°

Centre Point

Start Point Centre, Start, End

Start Point

Chord
Length
Centre Point

Centre, Start, Length of Chord

Arc Exercise
Arc Exercise

16
R
R5

30
R1
8

60
Arc Exercise

28

35
7
8
R1

Ø7
Arc Exercise

39

R8

13°
8

145
20

18
R0
13°

. 48
90
Drawing an Ellipse:
Ellipse Command
The shape of an ellipse is determined by two
axes that define its length and width.
The longer axis is called the major axis, and
the shorter one is the minor axis.

Distance to Other Axis

Mid Point of First Axis

Major Axis
End points of First Axis

Minor Axis
Drawing an Ellipse:
Ellipse Command.
The illustrations above showed two different
ellipses created by specifying axis and
distance.
The third point specifies only a distance and
does not necessarily designate the axis
endpoint.
Ellipse Drawing Options

Axis, End point Option

Centre Point Option
Elliptical Arc Option
Ellipse Drawing Options
Axis Endpoint Option

Distance to Other Axis

Mid Point of First Axis

Major Axis
End points of First Axis

Minor Axis

Centre Point Option Elliptical Arc Option

Distance to other Axis
Centre Point of Ellipse.
Distance to other Axis End point

Starting Angle of Ellip

End Point of Axis 45°

270°

Ending Angle of Elliptical Arc

Axis End Points

Ellipse Exercise 1

40
10
10
36

36

20
34°

60
Corner Finishing: Fillet
A fillet connects two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and has a specified
radius.

We can fillet:
Arcs, Circles , Ellipses and elliptical arcs , Lines , Polylines , Rays , Splines , Xlines , 3D solids

Set the Fillet Radius

The fillet radius is the radius of the arc that connects filleted objects. Changing the fillet radius affects
subsequent fillets. If you set the fillet radius to 0, filleted objects are trimmed or extended until they
intersect, but no arc is created.

You can hold down SHIFT while selecting the objects to override the current fillet radius with a value
of 0.

If you set a nonzero fillet radius, FILLET inserts fillet arcs at the vertex of each polyline
segment that is long enough to accommodate the fillet radius.

If two polyline line segments converge as they approach an arc segment that separates
them, FILLET removes the arc segment and replaces it with a fillet arc.

If we set the fillet radius to 0, no fillet arcs are inserted.

If two polyline line segments are separated by one arc segment, FILLET removes that arc
and extends the lines until they intersect.
Filleted Rectangles

10

R1
5

10
Corner Finishing: Chamfer

A chamfer connects two objects to meet in a

flattened or beveled corner.
A chamfer connects two objects with an
angled line. It is usually used to represent a
beveled edge on a corner.
You can chamfer
Lines
Polylines
Rays
Xlines
Chamfered Rectangles

10
1

10
 Drawing a Rectangle : Rectangle
Command
With Two Corners Specifying Dimensions Chamfered Rectangle
(Unequal
2 Lengths)
1

5 5

10
10
1

1
R1
5 5

10 10

Rectangle with width Filleted Rectangle Chamfered Rectangle

(Equal Length)
Rectangle Exercise 1

R5
R1
0

R5 30

70 30
Creating Polygons:
Polygon Command
Polygons: Objects with
more than 2 sides with
equal lengths on each
side. E.g. Triangle,
square, pentagon,
hexagon, heptagon,
octagon, nonagon etc.
Polygons

Center Point
Center Point
Radius Radius
5

Length of Edge
Polygon Exercise - 1

Ø9

Ø9
22
Ø9

13
R4

27
Polygon Exercise - 2

15
30

Ø9

26
13
Ø3

7
4

15
Splines: Spline Command
A spline is a smooth curve that passes
through or near a given set of points.
We can control how closely the curve fits the
points.
The SPLINE command creates a particular
type of spline known as a nonuniform rational
B-spline (NURBS) curve.
A NURBS curve produces a smooth curve
between control points.
We create splines by specifying points.
We can close the spline so that the start and
endpoints are coincident and tangent.
Spline Exercise
Rotating Objects:
Rotate Command

45°

45° 45°
Session Plan - 6
Arraying : The Array Command.
Scaling : Scale Command.
Stretching: Stretch Command.
Changing Length: Lengthen.
Hatching: Hatch Command.
Color Filling: Gradient Command.
Breaking Lines: Break Command.
Joining Lines: Join Command.
Converting a line to a polyline: Pedit, Join
Commands.
Arrays
We can create copies of objects in a
rectangular or polar (circular) pattern called
an array.
For rectangular arrays, we control the number
of rows and columns and the distance
between each.
For polar arrays, we control the number of
copies of the object and whether the copies
are rotated.
To create many regularly spaced objects,
arraying is faster than copying.
Steps for arraying:
Rectangular Array -
Example
Polar Array - Example
Array Exercise – 1
(Polar Array)

8
Ø4

4.
Ø
3.6
Ø
2 .4
Ø
Array Exercise – 2
(Polar Array)
Array Exercise - 3
(Polar and Rectangular)
Array Exercise - 4
(Polar Array)
Polar Array Exercise

12
0°

45°

Center
(6,5)

1
Ø4
Changing the Size of an
Object :
Scale
We Command.
can resize objects to make them bigger or
smaller using Scale Command.
Steps for scaling an object:
Give scale command from Modification tool
Bar/Modification Menu or write scale at the
command prompt.
Select the object(s) to be scaled.
Specify the Base Point.
Specify Scale factor. (eg. 1.5 scale factor to
increase the size by 50% or 0.7 to reduce the
size by 30%)
Scaling Example

After
Scaling
up
50%
After
Scaling
Down
Original
30%
Stretching an Object:
Stretch Command
We can change the size of an object in one
direction or both direction using stretch
command.
Steps for Stretching an object:
Give stretch command from Modification tool
Bar/Modification Menu or write stretch at the
command prompt.
Select the object(s) to be
Stretched(Important: The object to be
stretched should be selected using
crossing-window or crossing-polygon).
Specify the Base Point.
Stretching Example

After
Stretching
Original After Horizontaly
Before Stretching
Stretching Horizontaly
Changing the length:
Lengthen Command.
We can resize objects to make them longer or
shorter in only one direction or to make them
proportionally larger or smaller.
Lengths can be changed using following
parameters:
DElta
Before After
Percentage Lengthening Lengthening

Total
DYnamic
Hatching
We can hatch an area (Closed area) using a
predefined hatch pattern. Mainly used to fill
cross-sections with a pattern.
One type of pattern is called solid, which fills
an area with a solid color.
For hatching the steps are as follows:
Give the hatch command.
Select the pattern (from Pattern/Swatch).
Pick a point in the closed area to be hatched
(Using Add: Pick points).
Set the angle and Scale.
Hatching Example

Un hatched Object Hatched Object, using Earth Hatched Object, using Earth
Pattern, 45 Deg. Angle and Pattern, 45 Deg. Angle and
scale 1. scale 5.
Hatching Exercise - 1

A
D
R12

R5
B
55
Gradient
We can Fill an area (Closed area) using
Shaded Colour.
Can use Gradients of
Single Colour (with one colour and Dark/Light
Colour)
Two Colour (With two Different Colours)
For applying Gradients the steps are as
follows:
Give the Hatch/Gradient command.
Select the color combination.
Pick a point in the closed area to be hatched
Gradient Example

Object without Object after applying a Single Object after applying Two
Gradient Colour and Tint Colours
Breaking a line
A line (Straight or Curved) can be broken
using break command.
We can use single point break or two point
break.
Steps to be used for applying a break
command:
Give break command.
Select the first point on the object.
Select the second point on the object.
Breaking an Object -
Example

Original Objects - Objects -

Before breaking. After Breaking.
 Session Plan - 7
Working with Reusable Contents:
Using Design Centre for ready made
Blocks.
Using Tool Pallets for Readymade Objects.
Creating Blocks to group objects: The Block
Command.
Inserting a Block: Insert Block Command
Assigning attributes to Blocks: ATTDEF
Command
Point Revisited: Divide & Measure
Commands.
Using Design Centre

Steps to use Design Centre:

Tools -> Pallets -> Design Centre.
The designs can be selected from the Blocks
available in the tree structure of the Design
Centre Window.
Using Tool Pallets

Steps to use Tool Pallets:

Tools -> Pallets -> Tool Pallets.
Block Creation: The Block
Command.
Creates a block definition from selected
objects.
We create blocks by associating objects and
giving them a name.
Creating a block to be used in the current
drawing only.
Creating a block to be used in other drawings.
We can also attach information (attributes) to
a block.
Block Exercise

R6
R5
Inserting a Block - Exercise

Ø2
R3 Ø2

18

1
6
6
18 9
Assigning Attributes to a
Block: ATTDEF
Attributes are defined so that the set of
important data associated with a block can
also be inserted into the drawing.
Steps for Defining an Attribute:
Draw -> Block -> Define Attribute.
After defining the attribute a block should be
made and the attributes associated with the
drawing object should be included as a part of
the block.
When a block is inserted the data for the
drawing can be provided.
The data associated with the drawing can be
Attribute Definition -
Exercise

DIMENSION
COLOR
COST
Block Exercise – Creating a
Block of Pieces of a Map
Point Command Revisited:
Divide Command
Divide Command Divides a line segment in
equal number of segments.
Dividing a Line / Curve : Use Divide
Command.
Point Command Revisited :

Divide
Instead of aCommand
Point Display Marker a Block can
be inserted at the division points using the
Block option in the divide command.
Point Command Revisited:
Measure Command
Measure command divides a line segment
equally based on measurement.
For dividing a Line / Curve based on
measurement : Use Measure Command.
Block Option can also be used with measure
command. 2
Point Command Revisited :

Measure
Instead Command
of a Point Display Marker a Block can
be inserted at the Measured points using the
Block option in the Measure command.

3
Single Line Text

We can use single-line text to create one or

more lines of text, where each text line is an
independent object that you can relocate,
reformat, or otherwise modify.
Use single-line text (TEXT) to create one or
more lines of text, ending each line when you
press ENTER.
Each text line is an independent object that
you can relocate, reformat, or otherwise
modify.
When we create single-line text, we assign a
text style and set alignment.
Multiline Text
We can create one or more paragraphs of
multiline text (mtext) .
You can also use command prompts.
Before entering you specify opposite corners
of a text bounding box that defines the width
of the paragraphs in the multiline text object.
The length of the multiline text object
depends on the amount of text, not the length
of the bounding box.
You can use grips to move or rotate a
multiline text object.
 Dimensioning
Dimensioning is the process of adding
measurement annotation to a drawing.
You can create dimensions for a variety of
object types in many orientations. The basic
types of dimensioning are
Linear
Radial (radius, diameter and jogged)
Angular
te : To simplify drawing
ganization and dimension
Ordinate
aling, it is recommended
at we create dimensions on
youtsArc Length
rather than in model space.

Linear dimensions can be horizontal, vertical,

aligned, rotated, baseline, or continued
Dimensioning Exercise 1

Ø6

10

21
36

31

12
Dimensioning Exercise 2

Ø31
Ø14
Ø10
Ø5
Ø2

8
R5

27
38
Dimensioning Exercise 3

30 5
12 26
9 7

7
45°

11
11 33

9 .438

6 6
Dimensioning Exercise 4

17 3
12 Ø0.44 2
5 2PL.
4

8
48°
13 147° 11
18
Ø2 Ø4

R6 R4 R4
9
17
20
24
32
36
Session Plan - 8
Working with Reusable Contents:
Using Design Centre for ready made Blocks.
Using Tool Pallets for Readymade Objects.
Creating Blocks to group objects: The Block
Command.
Inserting a Block: Insert Block Command
Assigning attributes to Blocks: ATTDEF
Command
Point Revisited: Divide & Measure Commands.
Annotations :
Assigning Attributes to a
Block: ATTDEF
Attributes are defined so that the set of
important data associated with a block can
also be inserted into the drawing.
Steps for Defining an Attribute:
Draw -> Block -> Define Attribute.
After defining the attribute a block should be
made and the attributes associated with the
drawing object should be included as a part of
the block.
When a block is inserted the data for the
drawing can be provided.
The data associated with the drawing can be
Attribute Definition -
Exercise

DIMENSION
COLOR
COST
Point Command Revisited:
Divide Command
Divide Command Divides a line segment in
equal number of segments.
Dividing a Line / Curve : Use Divide
Command.
Point Command Revisited :

Divide
Instead of aCommand
Point Display Marker a Block can
be inserted at the division points using the
Block option in the divide command.
Point Command Revisited:
Measure Command
Measure command divides a line segment
equally based on measurement.
For dividing a Line / Curve based on
measurement : Use Measure Command.
Block Option can also be used with measure
command. 2
Point Command Revisited :

Measure
Instead Command
of a Point Display Marker a Block can
be inserted at the Measured points using the
Block option in the Measure command.

3
Single Line Text

We can use single-line text to create one or

more lines of text, where each text line is an
independent object that you can relocate,
reformat, or otherwise modify.
Use single-line text (TEXT) to create one or
more lines of text, ending each line when you
press ENTER.
Each text line is an independent object that
you can relocate, reformat, or otherwise
modify.
When we create single-line text, we assign a
text style and set alignment.
Multiline Text
We can create one or more paragraphs of
multiline text (mtext) .
You can also use command prompts.
Before entering you specify opposite corners
of a text bounding box that defines the width
of the paragraphs in the Multiline text object.
The length of the Multiline text object
depends on the amount of text, not the length
of the bounding box.
You can use grips to move or rotate a
multiline text object.
 Multiline Text Example

M TE XT
text u sing
ultiline
, cr ea te m 32 1 ".
2
en trie s en g th=
m ple x a n d L
, co 2"
1
r long . Dia =
Fo gle is 10°
. The an
o m mand
c
Multiline Example
Multiline Example
Single Line Example
Text Example
 Dimensioning
Dimensioning is the process of adding
measurement annotation to a drawing.
You can create dimensions for a variety of
object types in many orientations. The basic
types of dimensioning are
Linear
Radial (radius, diameter and jogged)
Angular
te : To simplify drawing
ganization and dimension
Ordinate
aling, it is recommended
at we create dimensions on
youtsArc Length
rather than in model space.

Linear dimensions can be horizontal, vertical,

aligned, rotated, baseline, or continued
Dimensioning Exercise 1

Ø6

10

21
36

31

12
Dimensioning Exercise 2

Ø31
Ø14
Ø10
Ø5
Ø2

8
R5

27
38
Dimensioning Exercise 3

30 5
12 26
9 7

7
45°

11
11 33

9 .438

6 6
Dimensioning Exercise 4

17 3
12 Ø0.44 2
5 2PL.
4

8
48°
13 147° 11
18
Ø2 Ø4

R6 R4 R4
9
17
20
24
32
36
Table
A table is an object that contains data in rows
and columns.
A table object can be created from an empty
table or table style.
A table can also be linked to data in a
Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.
After the table has been created, we can click
any gridline on the table to select it and then
modify it by using the Properties palette or
grips
Table Example
Table - Example
A
D
R12

R5
B
55
Viewing and Changing
Object Properties
we can display and change the current
properties for any object in your drawing.
we can display and change the current
properties for any object in your drawing in
the following ways:
Open the Quick Properties panel to view and
change the settings for selected properties of
the object.
Open the Properties palette and view and
change the settings for all properties of the
object.
Match Properties
We can copy some or all properties of one object to other
objects using Match Properties.
The types of properties that can be copied include, but are not
limited to, color, layer, linetype, linetype scale, lineweight, plot
style, viewport property overrides, and 3D thickness.
By default, all applicable properties are automatically copied
from the first object we selected to the other objects.
If we don't want a specific property or properties to be copied,
use the Settings option to suppress the copying of that property.
We can choose the Settings option at any time during the
command.
 Session Plan - 9
Inserting Images & External Reference Files.
Region, Boundary, Wipeout, Revision Cloud
Defining Units.
Setting Layers.
Drawing an Architectural Plan
Dimensioning an Architectural Plan
Inserting Images
Images can be inserted into a drawing to show
Real views of objects
Maps.
Color Gradients / Patterns

Two methods are available for inserting an Image:

Insert -> Raster Image Reference
Insert -> External References

The External References method can also be invoked from :

Tools -> Palettes -> External References

Moving, Copying, Scaling an image in the drawing can be done

similar to how we do for other drawing objects.
Brightness, Contrast and Fade settings can be done on an Image.
Image Insertion Exercise
(Inserting an Image)
Region
Regions are two-dimensional enclosed areas
that have physical properties such as
centroids or centers of mass.
We can combine existing regions into a single,
complex region to calculate area.
Regions are two-dimensional enclosed areas
you create from objects that form closed
loops.
Loops can be combinations of lines, polylines,
circles, arcs, ellipses, elliptical arcs, and
splines.
The objects that make up the loops must
Creating a region out of a
Loop & Analysing

R4

10 7
33° 56°
19
Boundary
Regions can also be created using Boundary
Command.
Application of Boundary is same as that of the
region.
Both are extensively used in 3 Dimension to
create 3 Dimensional Extruded Solid Objects.
Wipeout
Wipeout objects cover existing objects with a
blank area to make room for notes or to mask
details.
A wipeout object is a polygonal area that
masks underlying objects with the current
background color. This area is bounded by the
wipeout frame, which you can turn on for
editing and turn off for plotting.
You can create a wipeout object by specifying
a polygonal area with a series of points, or
you can convert a closed polyline into a
wipeout object.
Revision Cloud
Revision clouds are polylines that consist of
sequential arcs.
They are used to call attention to parts of a
drawing during the review stage.
If you review or redline drawings, you can
increase your productivity by using the
Revision Cloud feature to highlight your
markups.
REVCLOUD creates a polyline of sequential
arcs to form a cloud-shaped object. You can
select a style for a revision cloud: Normal or
Calligraphy.
If you select Calligraphy, the revision cloud
Revision Cloud
 Defining Drawing Units :
UNITS command
Before we start to draw, we must decide what one drawing unit represents
based on what we plan to draw.
We can convert a drawing between systems of measurement by scaling it.
Every object we create is measured in drawing units.
Before we start to draw, we must decide what one drawing unit will represent
based on what we plan to draw.
Then we create our drawing at actual size with that convention.
For example, a distance of one drawing unit typically represents one millimeter, one
centimeter, one inch, or one foot in real-world units.

Convert Drawing Units

If we start a drawing in one system of measurement (imperial or metric) and then want
to switch to the other system, use SCALE to scale the model geometry by the
appropriate conversion factor to obtain correct distances and dimensions.

For example, to convert a drawing created in inches to centimeters, you scale the model
geometry by a factor of 2.54.

To convert from centimeters to inches, the scale factor is 1/2.54 or about 0.3937.
Layers
Layers are used to group information in a
drawing by function and to enforce linetype,
color, and other standards.
Layers are the equivalent of the overlays used
in paper-based drafting.
Layers are the primary organizational tool
used in drawing.
We use layers to group information by
function and to enforce linetype, color, and
other standards.
Layers
By creating layers, we can associate similar
types of objects by assigning them to the
same layer.
For example, we can put construction lines,
text, dimensions, and title blocks on separate
layers.
You can then control the following:
● Whether objects on a layer are visible or dimmed in
any viewports
● Whether and how objects are plotted
● What color is assigned to all objects on a layer
● What default linetype and lineweight are assigned to
all objects on a layer
● Whether objects on a layer can be modified
Exercise for Layer:
Put Object and Dimensions in
different Layers.
13
7
R5
11
6 Ø4

62°

26

6 2
19
25
48
Session Plan - 10
Working with surveyor’s units.
Drawing a Building Plan.
Applying Layers to Building Plan.
Working with Surveyor’s
Angles.
If we use surveyor's angles when specifying
polar coordinates, indicate whether the
surveyor's angles are in the north, south,
east, or west direction.
For example, to enter a coordinate relative to
the current coordinate for a property line that
is 72 feet, 8 inches long with a bearing of 45
degrees north, 20 minutes, 6 seconds east,
enter
@72'8"<n45d20'6"e
Drawing a Building Plan
Isometric Drawing
Procedure
Introduction to Isometric Drawing.
Setting up Isometric Snap.
Setting up Isoplane (Top/Right/Left).
Drawing Lines.
Drawing Circles and Arcs.
Dimensioning Isometric Drawings.
Isometric Drawing Practice Sessions.
Thanks
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