1.

Aldehydes , Ketones and carboxylic acids

THEORY

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EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Nomenclature 7. Nucleophilic addition reaction will be most favoured
in :
1. The IUPAC name of Cl 3CCH 2CHO is :
(a) CH3 CH2CHO
(a) chloral
(b) CH3CHO
(b) 3,3,3-trichloropropanal
(c) 1,1,1-trichloropropanal
(d) 2,2,2-trichloropropanal (c)

2. The IUPAC name of CH3COCH(CH3 )2 is : (d) (CH3 )2 C = O

(a) isopropyl methyl ketone 8. Reaction of acetaldehyde with HCN followed by hydrolysis
gives a compound which shows
(b) 2-methyl-3-butanone
(a) Optical isomerism (b) Geometrical isomerism
(c) 4-methyl-isopropyl ketone
(d) 3-methyl-2-butanone (c) Metamerism (d) Tautomerism

3. The IUPAC nameof the following structure is 9. Ethanedial has which functional group(s)

(a) One ketonic (b) Two aldehydic

(c) One double bond (d) Two double bond

10. Which of the aldehyde is most reactive ?

(a) 1-hydroxy 4-methyl 3-pentanone
(a) C6H5–CHO (b) CH3CHO
(b) 2-methyl 5-hydroxy 3-pentanone
(c) HCHO (d) All the equally reactive
(c) 4-methyl 3-oxo 1-pentanol
11. Correct order of reactivity of CH3CHO, C2H5COCH3 and
(d) Hexanol-1, one-3
CH3COCH3 is
General Characteristics
(a) CH3CHO > CH3COCH3 > CH3COC2H5
4. The general formula of both aldehydes and ketones is : (b) C2H5COCH3 > CH3COCH3 > CH3CHO
(a) CnH2n + 2O (b) Cn H2nO
(c) CH3COCH3 > CH3CHO > C2H5COCH3
(c) CnH2n – 2 O (d) CnH 2n + 4O (d) CH3COCH3 > C2H5COCH3 > CH3CHO
5. Aldehydic group can occur :
Preparation
(a) any where in the carbon chain
12. Predict the product ‘B’ in the sequence of reaction
(b) in the middle of carbon chain
(c) only at the second carbon atom of the chain
(d) only at the end carbon atom of the carbon chain
(a) CH3COONa (b) CH3COOH
6. Formalin is an aqueous solution of :
(a) formic acid (b) fluorescein (c) CH3CHO (d)

(c) formaldehyde (d) furfuraldehyde

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ALDEHYDES , KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 23

20. Identify the reactant X and the product Y

13. On reductive ozonolysis yields

(a) 6-oxoheptanal (b) 6-oxoheptanoic acid

(c) 6-hydroxyheptanal (d) 3-hydroxypentanal

(a) X = MgCl2 ; Y = CH3CH = CH2
14. Benzaldehyde + NaOH o
(b) X = CH3MgCl ; Y = C2H5COCH3
(a) Benzyl alcohol (b) Benzoic alcohol
(c) X = CH3MgCl ; Y = (CH3)3C – OH
(c) Hydrobenzamide (d) Cinnamic acid
(d) X = C2H5MgCl ; Y = (CH3)3C – OH
15. When but-2-yne is treated dil.H2SO4/HgSO4 the product 21. A and B in the following reactions are
formed is :

(a) butan-1-ol (b)butan-2-ol

(c) acetone (d) butanone

16. The end product in the following sequence of reaction is

1% HgSO
4 o A 
3 CH MgX O (a)
HC { CH 
20% H SO
o B 
o
2 4

(a) Acetic acid (b) Isopropyl alcohol

(c) Acetone (d) Ethanol (b)

17. Which of the following compound gives a ketone with

Grignard reagent
(c)
(a) Formaldehyde (b) Ethyl alcohol

(c) Methyl cyanide (d) Methyl iodide

(d) A = RR’CH2CN, B = NaOH
Chemical Reactions
22. For C6H5CHO which of the following is incorrect
18. Dry heating of calcium acetate gives (a) On oxidation it yields benzoic acid

(a) Acetaldehyde (b) Ethane (b) It is used in perfumery

(c) It is an aromatic aldehyde

(c) Acetic acid (d) Acetone
(d) On reduction yields phenol
19. On heating calcium acetate and calcium formate, the
product formed is 23. Grignard reagent on reaction with acetone forms

(a) Tertiary alcohol (b) Secondary alcohol

(a) CH3COCH3 (b) CH3CHO
(c) Acetic acid (d) Acetaldehyde
(c) HCHO + CaCO3 (d) CH3CHO + CaCO3

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24. Consider the following statement Acetophenone can be Oxidation Reactions

prepared by
28. Ketones ( ) where R = R1 = alkyl group. It can
(1) Oxidation of 1-phenyethanol
(2) Reaction of 1-phenylethanol with methyl magnesium
bromide be obtained in one step by
(3) Friedel Craft’s reaction of benzene with acetyl chloride (a) Hydrolysis of esters
(4) Distillation of calcium benzoate
(b) Oxidation of primary alcohol
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 4
(c) Oxidation of secondary alcohol
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
(d) Reaction of acid halide with alcohols
25. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched
29. The oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde by chromyl
(a) > C = O Clemenson
   ' s reduction
 o > CH2 chloride is called
(b) > C = O Wolf
  Kishner reduction
   o > CHOH (a) Cannizzaro reaction (b) Wurtz reaction

(c) – COCl Rosenmund 's reduction (c) Etard reaction (d) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
    o CHO
30. Methyl ethyl ketone is prepared by the oxidation of
(d) – C { N Stephen
 reduction
 o CHO
(a) 2-propanol (b) 1-butanol
26. Which of the following compounds containing carbonyl
group will give coloured crystalline compound with (c) 2-butanol (d) t-butyl alcohol
31. The oxidation product of 2-propanol with hot conc.
HNO3 is

(a) Ethanoic acid (b) Propanone

(c) Propanal (d) None of these
(a) CH3COCl (b) CH3COCH3 32. Fehling’s test is positive for
(c) CH3CO(OC2H5) (d) CH3CONH2 (a) Acetaldehyde (b) Benzaldehyde
27. Which of the following oxidation reactions can be carried
(c) Ether (d) Alcohol
out with chromic acid in aqueous acetone at 5–10°C.
33. The reaction of acetaldehyde with conc. KMnO4 gives
(a)
(a) CH3COOH (b) CH3CH2OH

(c) HCHO (d) CH3OH

34. An aldehyde on oxidation gives
(a) An alcohol (b) An acid
(c) A ketone (d) An ether
35. Aldehydes are first oxidation products of :
(b)
(a) primary alcohols (b) secondary alcohols
(c) tertiary alochols (d) monohydric alcohols
36. Isopropyl alcohol on oxidation forms :
(a) acetone (b) ether
(c)
(c) acetaldehyde (d) ethylene
(d) None of these

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37. Oxidation of acetaldehyde with selenium dioxide produces: 44. Which of the following reagents converts both acetaldehyde
and acetone to alkanes ?
(a) ethanoic acid (b) methanoic acid
(a) Ni/H2 (b) LiAlH4
(c) glyoxal (d) oxalic acid
Reduction Reactions (c) I2/NaOH (d) Zn-Hg/conc.HCl
45. What reagent is used in the Rosenmund’s reduction ?
38. In the following reaction, product P is
(a) H2/Pd-BaSO4
(b) LiAlH4
(c) NH2NH2/KOH/CH2OH-CH2OH

(a) RCH2OH (b) RCOOH (d) Zn-Hg/HCl

(c) RCHO (d) RCH3 Condensation Reactions

46. Aldol condensation will not be observed in
39. 2o
CH3COCl Pd
H
CH3CHO + HCl.
/ BaSO 4 (a) Chloral (b) Phenyl acetaldehyde

The above reaction is called (c) Hexanal (d) Ethanal

(a) Reimer-Tiemann reaction 47. Which of the following compound will undergo self aldol
condensation in the presence of cold dilute alkali
(b) Cannizzaro reaction
(c) Rosenmund reaction (a) C6H5CHO (b) CH3CH2CHO

(d) Reformatsky reaction (c) (d)

40. Catalyst used in Rosenmund reduction is 48. Which of the following will not undergo aldol condensation

(a) Pd/BaSO4 (b) Zn-Hg couple (a) Acetaldehyde (b) Propanaldehyde

(c) LiAlH4 (d) Ni/H2 (c) Benzaldehyde (d) Trideuteroacetaldehyde

41. Wolff-Kishner reduction is : 49. Benzaldehyde + NaOH o

(a) reduction of carbonyl compounds into hydrocarbons (a) Benzyl alcohol (b) Benzoic alcohol
(b) reduction of carbonyl compounds into alcohols (c) Hydrobenzamide (d) Cinnamic acid
(c) reduction of nitrobenzene into aniline
50. The following reagent converts C6H5COCHO to
(d) reduction of carbohydrates into alcohols
C6H5CHOHCOONa
42. Reduction of acetonitrile in presence of SnCl 2 /HCl,
followed by hydrolysis gives : (a) Aq. NaOH (b) Acidic Na2S2O3
(a) HCHO (b) CH3CHO
(c) Na2CrO4/H2SO4 (d) NaNO2/HCl
(c) CH3CH2CHO (d) CH3COCH3
51. Treatment of propionaldehyde with dilute NaOH solution
43. If pentan-2-one is reacted with NaBH 4, followed by gives
hydrolysis with D2O, the product will be :
(a) CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3
(a) CH3CD(OD)CH2CH2CH3
(b) CH3CD(OH)CH2CH2CH3 (b) CH3CH2CHOHCH(CH3)CHO

(c) CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3 (c) CH3CH2CHOHCH2CH2CHO

(d) CH3CH(OD)CH2CH2CH3 (d) CH3CH2COCH2CH2CHO

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52. Aldol condensation is : 58. Which compound does not form iodoform with alkali and iodine
(a) self condensation of aldehydes only having atleast one (a) Acetone (b) Ethanol
alpha hydrogen
(c) Diethyl ketone (d) Isopropyl alcohol
(b) self condensation of ketones only having atleast one
alpha hydrogen 59. Which compound does not gives yellow ppt. with iodine
(c) self condensation of both aldehydes and ketones having and alkali
atleast one alpha hydrogen (a) 2-hydroxy propane (b) Acetophenone
(d) self condensation of both aldehydes and ketones having
(c) Methyl ketone (d) Acetamide
no alpha hydrogen
53. Cannizzaro’s reaction is not given by : Chemical Tests
(a) CH3CHO (b) HCHO 60. Which of the following is incorrect

(c) benzaldehyde (d) triethyl acetaldehyde (a) FeCl3 is used in the detection of phenols

(b) Fehling solution is used in the detection of glucose

54. does not show aldol condensation (c) Tollen’s reagent is used in detection of unsaturation

(d) NaHSO3 is used in the detection of carbonyl compounds

because : 61. C2H5CHO and (CH3)2CO can be distinguished by testing with

(a) carbon is bounded by 3-heavy methyl groups (a) Phenyl hydrazine (b) Hydroxylamine
(b) due to the absence of D-hydrogen (c) Fehling solution (d) Sodium bisulphite
(c) it is a neutral molecule
62. Acetaldehyde cannot show
(d) due to hindrance created by methyl group for carbanion
(a) Iodoform test (b) Lucas test
Haloform Reaction
(c) Benedict’s test (d) Tollen’s test
55. Which of the following does not give iodoform test
63. Silver mirror is a test for
(a) CH3CH2OH (b) CH3OH (a) Aldehydes (b) Thio alcohols
(c) CH3CHO (d) PhCOCH3 (c) Amines (d) Ethers
56. Which of the following will not give iodoform test 64. Which of the following does not turn Schiff’s reagent to
pink
(a) Ethanal (b) Ethanol
(a) Formaldehyde (b) Benzaldehyde
(c) 2-propanone (d) 3-pentanone
(c) Acetone (d) Acetaldehyde
57. Which of the following is obtained when chloral is boiled
with NaOH

(a) CH3Cl (b) CHCl3

(c) CCl4 (d) None of these

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EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR COMPETITION QUESTIONS

1. Clemmensen reductio of a ketone is carried out in the 7. The major product formed from the following reaction
presence of which of the following?

(CBSE AIPMT 2011)

is
(a) H2 and Pt as catalyst (b) Glycol with KOH

(c) Zn—Hg with HCl (d) LiAlH4

(AFMC 2010)
2. Which of the following pairs can be distinguished by
sodium hypoiodite? (Kerala CEE 2011)

(a) CH3CHO and CH3COCH3 (a) (b)

(b) CH3CH2CHO and CH3COCH3

(c) CH3CH2OH and CH3CH2CHOHCH3

(d) CH3OH and CH3CH2CHO (c) (d)

3. Which of the following reaction will not result in the

formation of carbon-carbon bonds? 8. Aldehydes and ketones are differentiated by using
(CPMT 2010)
(CBSE AIPMT 2010)

(a) Friedel-Crafts’ acylation (a) NaOH/I2 (b) NaHSO3

(b) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (c) AgNO3/NH4OH (d) NH2.NH2

9. The formula of chloral is (MP PMT 2010)

(c) Cannizzaro reaction

(d) Wurtz reaction (a) (b) CH2ClCHO

4. Name the reagent used to bring about the following (c) CCl3CHO (d) CHCl2CHO
transformation : But-2-ene to ethanal (AMU 2010)
10. Which compound gives iodoform test?
+
(a) K2Cr2O7 in acidic medium (b) CrO2Cl2/H3O
(MP PMT 2010)
(c) PCC (d) O3/H2O–Zn dust
(a) CH3CHO (b) CH3CH2CH2OH
5. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order
(c) C6H5CH2CH3 (d) C6H5CH2OH
of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions.
Ethanal (I), Propanal (II), Propanone (III), Butanone (IV) 11. The correct sequence of step involved in the mechanism
(AMU 2010) of Cannizzaro’s reaction is (KCET 2010)
(a) III < II < I < IV (b) II < I < III < IV (a) nucleophilic attack, transfer of H– and transfer of
H+.
(c) IV < III < II < I (d) I < II < III < IV
(b) transfer of H–, transfer of H+ and nucleophilic attack.
6. When ethanal is treated with Fehling’s solution, it gives
a precipitate of (AFMC 2010) (c) transfer of H+, nucleophilic attack and transfer of H–.
(a) Cu2O (b) Cu (d) electrophilic attack by OH–, transfer of H+ and transfer
of H–.
(c) Cu3O (d) CuO

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12. Aldol condensation would not occur in 19. Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order
of their boiling points. (AMU 2009)
(Manipal 2010)
CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3, CH3CH2CH3
(a) CH3COCH3 (b) CH3CH2CHO
(a) CH3CH2CH3 < CH3OCH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CHO
(c) HCHO (d) CH3CHO
(b) CH3CH2CH3 < CH3CHO < CH3OCH3 < CH3CHO
13. The most reactive compound towards formation of
cyanohydrin on treatment with HCN followed by (c) CH3CH2CH3 > CH3CHO > CH3OCH3 > CH3CHO
acidification is (JCECE 2010)
(d) CH3CHO > CH3CHO > CH3OCH3 > CH3CH2CH3
(a) benzaldehyde
20. Which of the following is the industrial method of
(b) p-nitrobenzaldehyde preparation of acetaldehyde? (AMU 2009)
(c) phenylacetaldehyde
SnCl 2 3H O
(a) CH3CN 
HCl
o CH3CH NH o CH3CHO
(d) p-hydroxybenzaldehyde
Pd
14. Aldehyde are the first oxidation product of (b) CH3 COCl  H 2  o CH3 CHO  HCl
BaSO 4

(Haryana PMT 2010)

Pd 2 
(c)  H 2 O o CH 3CHO
(a) primary alcohol (b) secondary alcohol

(c) tertiary alcohol (d) dihydric alcohol (d) None of the above

15. Oxidation of acetaldehyde with selenium dioxide 21. Which of the following will respond to Cannizzaro’s
produces (BVP 2010) reaction? (Manipal 2009)

(a) ethanoic acid (b) methanoic acid (a) 2,2-dimethylpropanal (b) Acetaldehyde

(c) glyoxal (d) oxalic acid (c) Propionaldehyde (d) Cinnamaldehyde

16. The compound, with which ethanol does not react is 22. Which is necessary for the conversion of butane-2-one
(AFMC 2009) into propanoic acid?

(a) HCl (b) Cl2 (CG PMT, Haryana PMT 2009)

(c) PCl5 (d) aq. NaHSO3 (a) Tollen reagent (b) Fehling solution

17. The reaction by which benzaldehyde is converted in (c) NaOH/I2/H+ (d) NaOH/NaI/H+
benzyl alcohol, is (AFMC 2009)
23. Which one of the following does not form sodium
(a) Fittig reaction (b) Cannizzaro reaction bisulphite addition product iwth sodium bisulphite
solution (AFMC 2009)
(c) Wurtz reaction (d) aldol condensation
(a) CH2O (b) C6H5COCH3
18. If heavy water is take as solvent instead of normal water
while performing Cannizzaro reaction, the products of (c) C6H5CHO (d) CH3CHO
the reaction are (AIIMS 2009)

(a) RCOO– + RCH2OH (b) RCOO– + RCH2OD

(c) RCOOD + RCD2OD (d) RCOO– + RCD2OD

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24. Acetophenone when reacted with a base, C2H5ONa, 27. 3-hydroxy butanal is formed when X reacts with Y in
yields a stable compound which has the structure dilute Z solution. What are X, Y and Z?
(CBSE AIPMT 2008) (AIIMS 2008)

X Y Z
(a)
(a) CH3CHO, (CH3)2CO, NaOH

(b) CH3CHO, CH3CHO, NaCl

(c) (CH3)2CO, (CH3)2CO, HCl

(b)
(d) CH3CHO, CH3CHO, NaOH

28. An organic compound X on treatment with pyridinium

chloro chromate in dichloromethane gives compound Y.
Compound Y reacts with I 2 and alkali to form
(c) triiodomethane. The compound ‘X’ is (AIIMS 2008)

(a) C2H5OH (b) CH3CHO

(c) CH3COCH3 (d) CH3COOH

(d) 29. Which of the compounds with molecular formula C5H10

yields acetone on ozonolysis? (CBSE AIPMT 2007)

25. A strong base can abstract an a-hydrogen from (a) 2-methyl-2-butene (b) 3-methyl-1-butene

(CBSE AIPMT 2008) (c) Cyclopentane (d) 2-methyl-1-butene

(a) acetone (b) amine 30. Acetone on distillation with conc. H2SO4 forms
(c) ketone (d) alkane (RPMT 2007)
26. Which of the products is formed when acetone is reacted (a) phorone (b) acrolein
with barium hydroxide solution? (AFMC 2008)
(c) mesitylene (d) mesityl oxide

31. A carbonyl compound reacts with hydrogen cyanide to

(a) form cyanohydrin which on hydrolysis forms a racemic
mixture of a a-hydroxy acid. The carbonyl compound is
(CBSE AIPMT 2006)

(a) acetaldehyde (b) acetone

(b) (c) diethyl ketone (d) formaldehyde

32. When dihydroxy acetone reacts with HIO4, the product

is/are (AFMC 2006)

(a) HCHO (b) HCOOH

(c)
(c) HCHO and HCOOH (d) HCHO and CO2

33. Which does not react with Fehling’s solution?

(CPMT 2006)

(d) (a) CH3CHO (b) C6H5CHO

(c) CH3COCH3 (d) Glucose

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34. Acetaldehyde reacts with chlorine to give 42. A compound A o C5 H10 Cl2 on hydrolysis gives C5H10O
(BHU 2006) which reacts with NH2OH, forms iodoform, but does not
give Fehling test. A is (DUMET 2005)
(a) CCl4 (b) CHCl3
(c) CCl3.COCH3 (d) CCl3.CHO

(a)

35. shows Cannizzaro’s reaction due to

(BHU 2006) (b)

(a) carbon is bounded by 3 methyl groups
(b) absence of D-hydrogen atom
(c) due to steric effect
(d) None of the above (c)
36. Benzaldehyde condenses with N,N-dimmethylaniline in
presence of anhydrous ZnCl2 to give (BHU 2006)
(a) Michler’s ketone (b) azo-dye
(c) malachite green (d) buffer yellow (d)
37. 43. Benedict’s solution is not reduced by (MP PMT 2005)
What is A? (BHU 2006) (a) formaldehyde (b) acetaldehyde
(a) Acetone (b) Acetaldehyde (c) glucose (d) acetic anhydride
(c) Propionaldehyde (d) Formaldehyde 44. The product obtained in the following reaction is
38. The reagent used in Gattermann Koch aldehyde synthesis
is (RPMT 2006)
HIO 4
(a) Pb/BaSO4 (b) alkaline KMnO4  o (Haryana PMT 2005)
(c) acidic KMnO4 (d) CO + HCl

39.

In the above sequence X can be(Haryana PMT 2006) (a) (b)

(a) H2/Ni (b) NaBH4

(c) K2Cr2O7 (d) Both (a) and (b)
40. Acetals are (BCECE 2006) (c) (d)
(a) ketones (b) diethers
(c) aldehyde (d) hydroxy aldehydes 45. Which one of the following can be oxidised to the
41. Ketones reacts with Mg-Hg over water gives correspoding carbonyl compound?

(AFMC 2005) (CBSE AIPMT 2004)

(a) pinacolone (b) pinacols (a) 2-hydroxy-propane (b) ortho-nitro-phenol

(c) Phenol
(c) alcohols (d) None of these
(d) 2-methyl-2-hydroxy-propane

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46. Acetone is mixed with bleaching powder to give 55. Schiff’s solution B is obtained when (RPMT 2004)
(AFMC 2004)
(a) sulphurous acid is passed through magents dye
(a) chloroform (b) acetaldehyde
(b) chlorine is passed through magenta dye
(c) ethanol (d) phosgene
(c) Both (a) and (b)
47. The reagent used for the separation of acetaldehyde from
acetophenone is (AIIMS 2004) (d) None of the above

(a) NaHSO3 (b) C6H5NHNH2 56. Assertion Hydroxyketones are not directly used in
Grignard reaction.
(c) NH2OH (d) NaOH–I2
Reason Grignard reagents react with hydroxyl group.
48. Assertion Isobutanal does not give iodoform tests. (AIIMS 2003)
Reason It does not have D-hydrogen (AIIMS 2004) (a) A (b) B
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
(c) C (d) D
49. Acetaldehyde gives orange coloured precipitate on
treatment with (Punjab PMET 2004)
(a) 2,4-DNP (b) NH2OH
(c) NaHSO3 (d) NaOH
50. Which of the following yield 2 moles of formaldehyde
on ozonolysis? (RPMT 2004)
(a) CH CH (b) CH2 CH2
(c) CH3—CH CH2 (d) C6H6
51. Which of the following compound yield 2,5-
dimethylhexan-1,6-dial? (RPMT 2004)
(a) 3,6-dimethyl cyclohexene
(b) 3,4-dimethyl cyclohexene
(c) 4,6-dimethyl cyclohexene
(d) 3,5-dimethyl cyclohexene
52. Fenton’s reagent is (RPMT 2004)
(a) FeSO4 + H2O2 (b) HgSO4 + H2O2
(c) FeSO4 + H2O (d) None of these
53. Brady’s reagent is (RPMT 2004)
(a) 2,4-DNP (b) conc. HCl + ZnCl2
(c) DMSO (d) None of these
54. The compound which reacts with hydroxyl amine but
does not react with Tollen’s reagent is (RPMT 2004)
(a) CH3CHO (b) HCHO
(c) C2H5OH (d) CH3COCH3

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ANSWER KEY

EXERCISE - 1 : (Basic Objective Questions)

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a)

9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (c)

17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (c) 21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (c)

25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (a,c) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (c) 31. (a) 32. (a)

33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (a)

41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (d) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (c)

49. (a) 50. (a) 51. (b) 52. (c) 53. (a) 54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (d)

57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (c) 60. (c) 61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (c)

EXERCISE - 2 : (Previous Year Competition Questions)

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c)

9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (a)

17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a)

25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (c) 31. (a) 32. (d)

33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. (d)

41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (c)

49. (a) 50. (b) 51. (a) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (a)

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