28

17.0 FRAME ANALYSIS

Method of Analysis
(Ref. Section 5.1 MS EN 1992:2010)

Code of practices permit the use of approximate analysis techniques in which the structure can be considered as a
series of sub-frames. EC2 does not specifically describe the extent to which various columns and beams are
included in the sub-frames. The methods of sub-frames analysis discussed here are based on BS 8110.

i. One-level Sub-frame

Each sub-frame may be taken to consist of the beams at one level together with the columns above and
below. The ends of the columns remote from the beams may generally be assumed to be fixed unless the
assumption of a pinned end is clearly more reasonable (for example, where a foundation detail is considered
unable to develop moment restraint)

Sub-frame for analysis of beams and columns

ii. Two-points Sub-frame

The moments and forces in certain individual beam may be found by considering a simplified sub-frame
consisting only of that beam, the columns attached to the end of that beam and the beams on either side, if
any. The column and beam ends remote from the beam under consideration may generally be assumed to be
fixed unless the assumption of pinned is clearly more reasonable. The stiffness of the beams on either side
of the beam considered should be taken as half their actual values if they are taken to be fixed at their outer
ends.

Kb1 0.5Kb2 0.5Kb1 Kb2 0.5Kb3

Sub-frame for analysis of individual beam

iii. Continuous Beam and One-point Sub-frame

The moments and forces in the beams at one level may also be obtained by considering the beams as a
continuous beam over supports providing no restraint to rotation.

Continuous beam for analysis of beams

The ultimate moments for column may be calculated by simple moment distribution procedures, on the
assumption that the column and beam ends remote from the junction under consideration are fixed and that
the beams possess half their actual stiffness. The arrangement of the design ultimate variable loads should
be such as to cause the maximum moment the column.