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THE MECHANICS OF

CORPORATE
FINANCE

POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE
DELIVERED BY DISTANCE LEARNING OVER 16 WEEKS

Dates: Contact:
24 April 2019 www.iff-training.com/cfdl
9 October 2019 Tel: +44(0)20 7017 7190
Email: cs@iff-training.com
and Australia. In this role he was
engaged in over 25 acquisitions, over
HOW YOU WILL LEARN
Through distance learning you can enjoy
COURSE the benefits of studying, whilst
minimising disruption to your existing
professional commitments. You can set
20 equity raisings and a large number
of complex financings, many of them
structured on a limited recourse basis;

INFORMATION the pace at which you learn; applying the


knowledge, skills and expertise gained
from the materials to your work straight
• 18 months responsibilty for the
workout of a company in severe
financial difficulties, being appointed
away. There’s also the huge savings of as General Manager by KPMG.
cost and time by not having to travel to a
DELIVERED BY DISTANCE LEARNING • Richard currently provides consulting,
OVER 16 WEEKS training location. advisory and training services to a
variety of international clients.
This intensive online course will There are two routes of study you can
• In the context of training, Richard
provide you with a comprehensive take: the university-accredited route and
the standard non-accredited route.
delivers IFF’s training courses in both
overview of the different Approaching the topics in a modular
Company Valuation and Corporate
Finance.
components of corporate finance. format, the course will enable you to
grasp the key concepts in a practical
way and thus helping you build a firm
Corporate Finance is all about looking at a company, not platform on which to expand your
PREVIEW UNIT ONE FREE OF CHARGE
through the eyes of its lenders, nor through the eyes of We are offering you the opportunity to
knowledge.
its shareholders, but through the eyes of the individuals preview unit one completely free of
who are responsible for the company’s management. charge. This unit will be yours to work
You can study the units online, save
This course embraces the areas addressed by the through and assess. After previewing
them to your computer or print them out.
following questions (among many others): In what unit one, there is no obligation to book
business areas shall we direct our growth? Shall that You can also take advantage of the
on the course. If you like what you see
growth be through organic investment or by acquisition? online forum to meet your fellow
however, we will be happy to help you
What analytical processes will guide the implementation participants and share knowledge, ideas
register.
of individual components of the strategy? Shall the and information at any time.
business units be controlled from the centre, or shall
management be delegated? How shall we manage At the end of each unit there is a
exposures to such volatilities as commodities, interest practical assessment that will allow you ABOUT IFF
and foreign exchange? Shall we fund the enterprise with to benchmark your growth in knowledge The International Faculty of Finance is
aggressive levels of debt, or with conservatism? Should and understanding and will also show one of the world’s leading specialist
we issue publicly traded instruments or err towards you what a tangible ROI distance financial training organisations.
private placements? How will we square conflicts learning provides. Providing participants in the global
between accounting impacts and financial and energy markets with
economic/cashflow/value objectives? What performance intensive technical training
measures will be prioritised in designing and programmes designed to help them
implementing corporate strategy? POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE succeed on the global stage.
To make your studies more relevant and
Established in 1991, we have grown our
We created the ultimate learning resource for those in the valuable, the course is accredited by the
business internationally and now
industry looking to develop their skills, knowledge and Business School at Middlesex University
deliver services all over the world.
understanding of the various aspects of corporate at a Postgraduate Certificate level. For
finance. Studying this programme offers you the option those wishing to receive a Postgraduate
of receiving a Postgraduate Certificate from the Certificate from Middlesex University, an Our ever-expanding portfolio of two to
respected Middlesex University. This is the only additional marked assignment of 5000 five day courses and distance learning
Corporate Finance course that offers you the chance to words will need to be submitted, based programmes range in complexity from
get this qualification. on a continuing case study that runs introductory programmes for new
throughout the duration of the course. market entrants, through to the most
The course takes place over 16 weeks and consists of complex subjects in the industry.
eight distance learning units. Every two weeks an
additional unit will be released with the associated
assessment so you can grasp your understanding COURSE DIRECTOR – RICHARD CAPPS
before moving on to the next unit. Richard has a
unique blend of
experience in
COURSE PROGRAMME Law, Corporate
CORE UNITS: Banking,
1. The Foundations of Corporate Finance Investment
2.
3.
4.
5.
Valuation Issues
Valuation and Pricing
Capital Structuring
Adaptations to Valuation
Banking,
Corporate
Financial Management, General
Management and Workout. This

Brilliant speaker with practical examples
thanks to hand on experience”
6. Corporate Finance Modelling breadth of experience provides for a rich JANI POKKIMAKI METSO CORP
7. Mergers and Acquisitions – Part 1 perspective of Corporate Finance.
8. Mergers and Acquisitions – Part 2 • He trained as a lawyer at Cambridge
and the Middle Temple and was called
to the English bar.
• 5 years with an American bank, in New
York and London, as a corporate

Richard Capps is very passionate about his
course which makes it a high quality

relationship manager.
engaging process”
• 6 years as a corporate finance
Phone
OLGA COOKE EVE CAPITAL

+44 (0)20 7017 7190 executive within investment banking in


Hong Kong and London, primarily
Email
cs@iff-training.com

Online
involved in mergers and acquisitions
and corporate restructurings.
• 6 years as a CFO of a public group with
a joint head office in the United States

Richard was excellent as a trainer – excellent
course content and leadership skills.”
www.iff-training.com/dlcorporatefinance BORIS ROZENTAL, PIPE INNOVATION TECH
COURSE SYLLABUS
– offtaker default
– political interference
UNIT 1 UNIT 2
THE FOUNDATIONS OF CORPORATE VALUATION ISSUES – logistics
– development risk
Unit Learning Aims and Objectives – illiquidity
FINANCE
Unit Learning Aims and Objectives The participant will gain a solid and practical – others
The participant will gain a solid and practical understanding of:
understanding of: The pricing of risk Discounting
• Shortcomings of Excel’s NPV function
Deriving a discount rate

The essential difference between price and • EXP and XNPV functions explained
value Errors frequently encountered in DCF
夝 夝

• Accurate calculation of NPVs


The crucial importance of cashflow valuation

volatility Discounting methodology The Continuing Period


The central role of Free Cash Flow (FCF) Practical application in a case study • The fallacy of a “terminal” value

The limitations of accounting in value • The growth rate


夝 夝

metrics Summary of Unit • Perpetuity formulae


Every single decision that a corporate • The technical and locational obsolescence
Summary of Unit executive makes, be it an acquisition, a factor
The first unit establishes themes that reappear divestment, a restructuring, a capital spending • The two-step formula
throughout the course – in particular: initiative, a rationalisation – is a decision • The value of the company’s Free Cash Flow
The role of accounting data in analysis of based upon the value implied by the decision
performance and the cost or price of its implementation. Deriving the Value Range

Accordingly, the ability to determine the value • Surplus assets


The central role of FCF
of a decision lies at the very heart of all of • Net financial indebtedness
The importance of volatility

corporate finance. That is why, having laid • Sensitivity analysis


The causes, or drivers of volatility down the foundations in unit one, we start the

substantive part of the course with the skill of


The difference between price and value The Limitations of DCF

assessing value.
This section flags some issues in the use of

The principal difficulty with which we will be conventional valuation approach. We don’t
Corporate Finance from time to time becomes
grappling is that value is based on the future, have enough room to go into detail in unit two,
the target of fads – some of which can have a
not the past, and in the case of corporate so the issues will be addressed in more detail in
degree of utility in specific circumstances, but
decisions (as opposed to fixed income Unit three.
many of which are flawed. A solid grounding
securities), none of us has a perfect vision of • The Achilles heel
in the foundation principles of valuation and
what the future holds. We will know with • The errors frequently encountered –
capital structuring enables the analyst or
hindsight of course, but decisions have to be summary
decision maker to rationalise the approach,
made today. Value is not therefore a precise • The alternative approaches – summary
and effect any adaptations that are required, to
figure – it is a range. We can say that the
resolve the issues encountered in any specific
value is between “x” and “y”. Most of the
decision-making context. A Case Study
complexity that we shall encounter in this unit
Worked example of the steps explained
revolves around the uncertainty of future
in the unit
outcomes and the techniques that can be
used to address that problem.
UNIT CONTENT
Preliminary Comments
• Corporate finance and the scope of this
course
• Theory vs. practice UNIT CONTENT
The Concept and the Fundamentals
Value as the Central Driver of Corporate • The core concept
Decisions • Passing fads
• Share market fashions • Real options
• Earnings per share don’t count
• The limitations of accounting
The Pricing of Risk
• The concept of “risk”
• The correlation of risk and return
• The essential importance of Free Cash Flow
– for capital structuring • Mistakes with marginal financing, and
– for valuation present timeframes
– for investment decisions • Influences on the required rate of return
– for other purposes – the future funding mix
• Price distinguished from value – the future business mix
• The value range – the immediate investment
• The perfect market myth
– capturing the future Forecasting the Free Cash Flow
– the influence of trading • Why volatility is irrelevant to the modelling
– the credit multiplier effect • Indexation of assumptions
• The use of generic, or template models
Volatility
• The importance of volatility and its Discount Rates
quantification • Long term horizon
• The drivers of cash flow volatility • “Risk free” rates
• Company dynamics • Risk premia
– share market premium
– specific company premium
COURSE SYLLABUS
A Worked Example Calculational Case Study
• Embedded assumptions of the pricing A company wishes to acquire
UNIT 3
VALUATION AND PRICING techniques another company of similar size in a
• Adjustments for earnings growth friendly, agreed transaction. The
Unit Learning Aims and Objectives • Adjustments for accounting differentials price has been agreed. (NB: the
The participant will gain a solid and practical • Normalisation adjustments tactics in implementing acquisitions where
understanding of: there is no agreement between the parties or
The correct calculation of IRRs Pricing Models where we have to negotiate price, and the
• Adopting the market’s perspective regulatory environment of implementing
The errors that are frequently encountered

• Explanation of the model transactions will be the subject of a later unit).


in valuation analyses

The focus here is upon how the acquisition


The adjustments required before applying should be financed, looking at both technical
pricing multiples

issues and the value implications of different


The steps involved in setting up a pricing approaches.
model

The instructions for using the pricing model UNIT 4 – The transaction
supplied – Valuation in the context of mergers and

CAPITAL STRUCTURING acquisitions


Summary of Unit
– Cash flow management
The topic of valuation, because it is conceptual Unit Learning Aims and Objectives
– Debt capacity calculation
and based on the future, is full of theory – which The participant will gain a solid and practical – Liquidity planning
is why Unit Two was so large and involved. The understanding of: – Pro formas
topic of pricing has no theory. It is based on 夝 The impact of capital structure on the value
observation – the appetite of a market or a of the business enterprise
counterparty for the purchase of the item being 夝 The role of liquidity in formulating a capital
priced. As a result, dealing with price is more structuring strategy
succinct than dealing with value. That then
夝 Debt capacity calculations
gives us the opportunity to pick up on the
夝 The dangers of optimal capital structure
misapplication of valuation techniques that were
summarized at the end of the preceding unit. theory
That having been said, to apply pricing Summary of Unit
techniques badly, is very easy. Just take Of the three main components of a company’
comparative data (e.g. EBITDA multiples) and cashflow – operations, investment and financing
apply it to the subject situation. Bad errors of – the one over which the management has
judgement will then be the consequence. To greatest control is the financing of a company.
apply pricing techniques well, requires In exercising that control, the first duty of
considerable skill – as this unit seeks to management is to survive (i.e. solvency), and the
demonstrate. second duty is to maximise opportunity (i.e.
value). This can be reversed if the manager also
owns the business, but when handling other
UNIT CONTENT people’s money, it is defence first, attack second.
More on the Limitations of DCF
The two key issues to address are therefore the
• Algebra and modelling
implications of leverage for value, and the
• IRR
implications for solvency – or debt
• What’s wrong with Excel’s IRR serviceability.
function
– the correct calculation of IRR for The danger is that the presentation of these
concepts will become too theoretical, so the unit
running yield transactions
seeks to illustrate these issues in the context of
– the correct calculation of IRR for
case examples.
private equity
• Speculative transactions and
reverse cycle modelling UNIT CONTENT
The Effect of Leverage on Value
Errors frequently encountered in Valuations • Academic theory
• Time horizons • Let’s get practical
• The use of proxies • Optimal capital structure theory critiqued
• The modelling of capital expenditures • Suggested conceptual approach to leverage
• The treatment of currency exposures
• The sensitivity of inflation Debt Serviceability
• The misuse of country risk premia • Measures for evaluating appropriate leverage
• The capital mix • Leverage and business risk
• Leverage and liquidity
Pricing Implications of the Cycle • Leverage and acquisition vulnerability
• Pro cyclicality • Leveraged recapitalisations
• Winner’s curse
Discussion Case Study
Setting up the Database for Pricing The rise and fall of a company
• The role of theory through their failure to structure the
• Selecting comparators financings of the company in an
• Measurement yardsticks appropriate way. We compare what
• Horizontal and vertical correlations they did with what perhaps the alternative
choices were.
COURSE SYLLABUS
UNIT 5 Project Financings
• The implications of introducing a special
UNIT CONTENT
The Objectives of Corporate Finance Modelling
purpose vehicle and limited recourse
ADAPTATIONS TO VALUATION
financing The Four Types of Models Explained
Unit Learning Aims and Objectives
• Project IRR versus Sponsor IRR • Valuation Models
The participant will gain a solid and practical • The five drivers of a Sponsor IRR – the theoretical basis
understanding of:
– the location of risk
Adapting valuation approaches to different Economic Value Added – modelling with indices
practical circumstances; • The strengths and weaknesses of – generic valuation models

Evaluating management performance with accounting – the valuation model reviewed


the EVA analytical approach; • The concept of economic return and • Transaction Structuring Models

Formulating corporate strategy economic capital – when required


• The derivation of the data – risk

Summary of Unit • The classification of EVA results – volatility


One of the problems with the way that people • Strategic analysis using EVA – the volatility model reviewed
learn corporate finance is that they absorb the • Case example • Statistical Probability Models
theory and the technical approach, commit it to – the problem posed
memory, and then mechanically apply the steps – probabilistic business – investor
to every value-based decision. Mechanical perspective
application of method, in a “checklist”-like
UNIT 6
– probabilistic business – debt
approach, means that the analytical mind is
financier perspective
CORPORATE FINANCE MODELLING
disengaged. We must constantly be asking the
• Pricing Models and Other Data
question, at each stage of the analytical Unit Learning Aims and Objectives
Manipulation Models
process whether that step is relevant to the The participant will gain a solid and practical
particular case, and/or whether the actual understanding of:
implementation of that step requires Model Planning & Design
adaptation in the circumstances. The importance of planning a model • The objectives of the model
based on its objective • The analysis worksheet

This unit indicates the adjustments that would The different types of corporate finance • The functionality required
be typical in a variety of analytical contexts. modelling and how it effects its • The status worksheet

In the 1980s, an analytical technique was implementation


developed to assist management in evolving How to ensure the model facilitates the Modelling Best Practice
appropriate long-range strategy, and to provide analysis • Logic flow

a feedback loop as to whether the company • Inputs, engine room and bridge
The use of the Excel files supplied as part
under their management was generating value. • User interface
of this distance learning programme

The technique is called Economic Value Added. • No hard coding


It provides an insightful way of looking at a Summary of Unit • Consistent timelines
company’s performance, and is at variance with When confronted with a corporate • Consistent formulae across rows
the approach that investment institutions are transaction, there is a 4-step analytical • Circularity
currently adopting. Sometimes, we are all process. In the pursuit of value, which is the • Macro editing
guilty of regression! objective of the transaction, there are
potential impediments. If the transaction is Methods of Analysis
small the consequences of judgemental • Sensitivity
UNIT CONTENT errors is minor. However, where the • Scenarios
Project Appraisal transaction is of a major scale, errors in any • Break-even
• Differential cash flows of the 4 analytical stages can jeopardise the
• Implications of investing outside the core very company itself
business sector
A calibrated reaction to the risks is required
Private Companies in order to achieve favourable outcomes:
• The limitations of risk-return theory 1. Identification of the risks
• The implications of shareholder-management
overlap 2. Quantification of the risks
• Illiquidity premia 3. Management of the risks

Leveraged Buyouts 4. Implementation of the transaction


• Multiple discount rates
• Adjusted Present Value (PV) For these more substantial transactions, the
• Private equity quantification of risks becomes an essential
• The five drivers of the IRR part of the planning and implementation, and
• Management buyouts the quantification is captured by the
• Venture capital modelling. We need models which:
Are properly designed to address the
Emerging Markets applicable, issues;

• Dealing with currency exposures


• Adaptation of proxies Reflect a good understanding of the
underlying business which is driving the

• Additional premia
numbers;
Joint Ventures Have been built in accordance with the
• Control and liquidity principles of modelling best practice

• Speculative investment
• The requirements of the shareholder agreement
COURSE SYLLABUS
UNIT 7 UNIT 8
MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS PART 1 MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS PART 2
Unit Learning Aims and Objectives Unit Learning Aims and Objectives
The participant will gain a solid and practical The participant will gain a solid and practical
understanding of: understanding of:
夝 The regulatory issues pertaining to the The implications of a contested acquisition
acquisition of companies
The timetable, the prohibitions, and the

夝 Financing options for the transaction mandatory steps


夝 Synergies and the extraction of benefits


Strategies for both Offeror and for Offeree
夝 Due diligence

夝 Negotiating the Sales & Purchase Summary of Unit


Agreement This continuation of the subject of
Summary of Unit acquisitions considers the regulatory
constraints that are placed on both bidder and
Developing a company through acquisition of
offeree, and the tactics that each may deploy
existing businesses is a well-trodden path, and
when involved in a transaction that is
most companies at some stage achieve their
contested. Regulation of acquisitions is
strategic objectives through acquisition.
jurisdictionally specific – but the rules that
Equally, many companies are courted by others,
one needs to be aware of are those applicable
and sometimes the approaches are welcome,
in the place of incorporation of the offeree.
sometimes not.
Life is made simpler these days by the
The topic of acquisition is split between two implementation (at last) of the Thirteenth
units. The first unit considers the commercial Company Law Directive to harmonise
and analytical issues, the funding, and the regulation of acquisitions in the 28 countries
technical issues associated with an agreed of the European Union. Even so, the Directive
transaction between offeror and offeree. The permits many detailed aspects to be
following unit will consider regulatory issues determined by national bodies.
and the tactics where the bid is contested. The unit will conclude with blow-by-blow
illustration of a contested acquisition.

UNIT CONTENT
An Introduction to Mergers & Acquisitions UNIT CONTENT
• Social and economic frameworks Commercial Considerations and Strategies for
• Researching potential acquisitions the Acquirer
• Regulatory framework and overview of • Key strategies
takeover law • Regulatory constraints
• Degrees of control • Tactics during the offer period
• Alternatives to takeovers • After the offer

Valuation Issues in M&A Takeovers and Other Activity Involving Public


• Acquisition price Companies
• Control premia • Timeline and overview of steps
• Synergies • The offer document
• Rationalisation costs and transaction costs • Conditions in offers
• Tax implications • Conduct during offer period
• Earn outs • Eliminating minority interests
• Schemes of arrangement
The Sequence of Analytical Steps • Dual listed companies
• The valuations
• Potential volatility Formal Response to the Bid
• Extractability of cashflows • Directors duties in the face of a bid
• Debt serviceability • Target’s statements
• Defensive liquidity and debt capacity • Independent experts reports
• Pro formas
Defensive Strategies – Pre-Emptive and
Forms of Consideration and Funding the Reactive
Acquisition • Regulatory constraints
• Funding sources • Pre-emptive defensive strategies
• Legal constraints • Reactive defensive strategies
• Tax implications

Private Treaty Acquisitions and Sales


• Methods of sale & purchase
• Timetable
• Roles of professional advisors
• Due diligence
• The sales and purchase agreement
OPTION OF A POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE
WITH MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY
We are giving you the unique opportunity to choose
an accredited option for this course and receive a
BENEFITS OF STUDYING FOR A
postgraduate certificate on completion. This is a POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE
Middlesex University qualification, jointly developed
by Middlesex University and IFF, and quality assured
WITH US
by Middlesex University. However, if accreditation
isn’t important to you there is still the opportunity to A MIDDLESEX POSTGRADUATE
take the standard non-accredited course. CERTIFICATE:
Is project based and practical
Offers networking opportunities during and

WHAT DOES THE CERTIFICATE ENTAIL?
In addition to studying the eight units and passing after the course

eight short self assessment tests after each unit, you Provides exceptional teaching staff
will need to submit a 5000 word assignment at the end
Delivers applied learning experiences

of the course which will be assessed. The assignment


Combines academic rigour with individual

will be a cumulative project that you will work through


and build upon during each stage of the course. support

If you wish to book on the certification course there will


be an assessment fee of £300.
HOW IS THE COURSE ACCREDITED?
This programme is validated and awarded by
Middlesex University. After successfully
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS completing your studies you will receive a
Participants wishing to undertake the Postgraduate Postgraduate certificate from Middlesex
Certificate are required to have a degree or equivalent University which is duly accredited by the British
qualification (or relevant work experience). Government by means of a Royal Charter.
Middlesex University certificates are recognised
Participants wishing to undertake the course but not worldwide.
receive the Postgraduate Certificate are not required to
have any formal qualifications.

QUALITY
ABOUT OUR PARTNER MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY The Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) visited
Middlesex in the Spring of 2009 and noted in its
History report that its auditors had confidence in the
Middlesex University is a large London based university University’s current and likely future
with a history in higher education dating from 1878. In management of its academic standards and of
1992 it was granted the Royal Charter making it a the learning opportunities available to students.
university. The university offers a broad range of
courses through four academic schools of Arts and
Education; Business; Engineering and Information
Sciences; Health and Social Sciences and their
THE UNIVERSITY IS A MAJOR PROVIDER OF
Institute for Work Based Learning. BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT EDUCATION,
Middlesex University has over 34,000 students
WITH AN IMPRESSIVE TRACK RECORD OF
studying on its courses worldwide, both at its own WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE
campuses and also with partner institutions, making it
one of the largest providers of British university
PUBLIC AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR, AS WELL
education to international students. Middlesex
AS INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
University has a long history of successful
collaborations with the corporate sector. It was the first
academic institution to develop industry specific MBA
programmes (Shipping & Logistics and Oil & Gas)
delivered 100% by distance learning.

INTERNATIONAL REACH
Middlesex University is committed to meeting the
needs and ambitions of a culturally and internationally
diverse range of students by providing challenging
academic programmes. It has a major international
business school based in London with overseas
campuses in Dubai and Mauritius and a global portfolio
of partnerships delivering high quality accredited
programmes in business and management.

Staff and students come from a wide spectrum of


cultures and backgrounds with a common interest in
executive education that is world class, modern and
applicable. Middlesex University Business School is
proud of its dedicated teachers and its rich range of
learning resources including distance learning and
virtual learning environments.
FEES
Watch expert trainer Richard Capps introduce the
THE MECHANICS OF Corporate Finance Distance Learning Course

CORPORATE
FINANCE
POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE
DELIVERED BY DISTANCE LEARNING OVER 16
WEEKS

Dates:
24 April 2019 (FLF4746)
9 October 2019 (FLF4872)

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OTHER COURSES IN THE IFF DISTANCE LEARNING PORTFOLIO:


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The Mechanics of Loan Documentation


The Mechanics of Derivatives and Financial Products


The Mechanics of Investment Management


The Mechanics of International Financial Reporting Standards


The Mechanics of Credit Risk Analysis


The Mechanics of Risk Management


The Mechanics of Real Estate


The Mechanics of Global Financial Markets


Dates: Duration: Contact:


24 April 2019 16 Weeks www.iff-training.com
9 October 2019 Tel: +44(0)20 7017 7190
Email: cs@iff-training.com

PACK 1440
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Email: cs@iff-training.com

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