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XVI.
No load test of the Three‐phase
Asynchronous Motor
1. Introduction. Description of the experiment
This experiment studies the no load test of the three‐phase
asynchronous motor. The test points out the iron losses, the mechanical
losses and the stator copper losses through the knowledge of the
resistance measured between the two terminals.
Objectives
Students are expected to learn about the no load test of the
asynchronous motor. Running this experiment the students will face
some main objectives:
To understand the schematic diagram corresponding to the no
load test characteristic. Based on it, to learn how to connect
the laboratory modules accordingly.
To obtain the characteristics curves related to the experiment:
I 0 f U ; PM f U ; cos cc f U
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Exercise 4.16 No load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor
2. Components list
According to the formulated objectives, in order to run the
experiment the following De Lorenzo components are needed:
A. Software:
‐ PC with Windows OS;
‐ DL 8330SW processing software application. Exercise 4.16 – No
load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor;
B. Hardware:
‐ DL 10280 AC Asynchronous Machine;
‐ DL 10017 Power Supply Module;
‐ DL 10065N Electrical Power Digital Measuring Unit;
‐ DL 10050N Mechanical Power Digital Measuring Unit;
‐ DL 10116 Star/Delta starter;
‐ DL 1893 Data Acquisition Module;
‐ DL 10185 Pole Changing Unit;
‐ USB – RS485 Adapter;
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3. Procedure outline
In order to obtain the no load circuit characteristic curves, follow the
figure 1. The rated parameters can be measured using the ammeter
A and the voltmeter V. In this schematic diagram the AC stator
configuration is presented.
Figure 1. General circuit diagram for no load test of the three‐phase asynchronous motor
Characteristics curves
From the diagrams, in correspondence of the current rated value, we
obtain respectively: I0, iron losses PFE, mechanical losses PM and power
factor cosϕ.
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Exercise 4.16 No load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor
These electrical parameters are necessary for the calculation of the
series parameters of the equivalent diagram:
Figure 2. No load characteristic related to the experiment
One wire connection diagram
In order to perform the experiment in Y/Δ test, proceed with the
following electrical diagram.
Figure 3. One wire connection diagram related to the experiment (Y/Δ)
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OPENLAB Trainee Handbook
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Exercise 4.16 No load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor
Follow the diagram from the next figure and connect the power cables accordingly:
Figure 3. Power and comunication cables are connected by following the general powering rules (colors, connectors).
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OPENLAB Trainee Handbook
Before starting any wiring activity, check all power
connections: all switches must be OFF.
Do not miss the ground connecting terminal! As you see from
the diagram, with specific symbols, all equipment are
connected to the protective network by specific connector and
cable.
Perform the circuit configuration shown in the connection diagram,
presented in figure 4. Switch ON the power supply connected to
the experiment.
Operate the network power switch that can be found at
the back of the module. Then, press the green “start”
button from the power supply module. In order to
provide power, turn the key clockwise.
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Exercise 4.16 No load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor
Set the supply module DL 10017, for an alternating voltage of the
Asynchronous motor corresponding to the rated voltage of 24V.
Turn the switches of the supply module DL 10017 to position
“AC” ‐ on.
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SEMIAUTOMATIC mode – values will be acquired from the
experiment and displayed using the software. The student will
decide when to acquire data from the experiment.
Connect all the RS485 communications cables and use the DL 8330SW
software provided with the OpenLab.
Switch to “man” the power supply DL 10017.
Open the experiment ASYN/ No load test of the Three‐phase
Asynchronous Motor. Select the “Man” switch for this
operating mode.
The next graphical interface of the software allows you to see in a
table all the measured data. You can open Configuration → machine
parameters to view the rated data of the machine for this test.
In order to select what parameter you want to see, click on the “Show
MB Instruments”. Then, click on the “Show XY graph”. First, choose
which windows you want and only after that start acquiring data from
the motor.
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Exercise 4.16 No load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor
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OPENLAB Trainee Handbook
Pay attention to the DL 10065 address selection - RS485
communication – default parameter. By default, the correct
address are 3,5 (for DC instrument) and 4,6 (for AC
instrument).
Opening the MB Instruments will allow you to select the measured
parameter. In order to see more instruments, click multiple times on
the “Show single AC measure”. Select for this experiment at least the
following parameters: the voltage (U) and the phase current (I).
Because the speed needs to be constant during the experiment, click
on the “Show single Mec instrument” in order to see the window that
allows you to select the speed parameter. Click on the Show XY graph
and select the voltage and current.
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Exercise 4.16 No load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor
You will obtain the characteristics related to the experiment. In order
to see all three characteristics, after the experiment is complete (or
even during the experiment) you can select the parameter you want to
see in the XY Graph.
An example of how you can arrange the instruments is shown below.
You can choose a different positioning of the instruments, or even
different instruments, but the important thing is to have a good
overview of the main parameters and the characteristic graph.
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Use the knob from the DL 10017 power supply to change the
voltage from 0.1Un to 1.1*Un.
Press START to acquire data when the voltage reaches the
first value (0.1*Un). In this way, the first row of the DL
8330SW software will show the measured data.
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Exercise 4.16 No load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor
AUTOMATIC mode – values will be acquired from the
experiment using a data acquisition system. This time the
parameter values will be acquired automatically from the experiment.
The students need to start the experiment and it will run automatically
until the no load test of the three‐phase asynchronous motor is
complete.
In order to accomplish the asynchronous no load test, connect all the
communications cables to the PC via DL 1893 acquisition system.
Perform the next connections between the OpenLab modules.
You need to make some hardware changes (compared to the previous
step 3) in order to run the experiment in automatic mode. Please
follow the next indications:
See that the DL 10017 has the AC switch to “on”, as
presented in steps 2. Rotate the knob to auto.
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Use the DL 8330SW software provided with the OpenLab and open the
experiments of the Asynchronous Machine.
Set the software in the 'Auto' mode. Click on the experiment
No load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor
Follow the procedure presented in the previous step (3) regarding the
instruments selection and positioning of the XY graph. Because the
experiment is done automatically, there is no need to adjust the
voltage through the knob.
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Exercise 4.16 No load test of the Three‐phase Asynchronous Motor
The computer calculates the steps according to the rated data of the
machine.
Supply the motor and wait until the experiment is done and you obtain
the no load test. You will obtain on the XY graph a relation between
the voltage (U) and the phase current (I) (you can select to display on
the XY graph the characteristics PM f U ; cos cc f U ).
You can press STOP to finish the experiment at any time.
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Proposed exercises:
Exercise 1
Please repeat the example using the same procedure, but this time
follow the diagram from figure 3. Follow the diagram from the next
figure and connect the power cables accordingly:
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Questions
Answer the following questions related to the experiment regarding
the no load test of the three‐phase asynchronous motor.
1. Are there any difference between the star/delta electrical
values? Explain why.
2. What happens when you change 2 phases on the AC stator
configuration?
Set the DL 10116 on STAR and then on DELTA and fill the
following data form:
Conclusions
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