CPE 523

Performance Evaluation of Computer

Networks

Cyprus International University

Dr. Mehmet TOYCAN – mtoycan@ciu.edu.tr

Special thanks go to Dr. David K. Hunter for his

priceless lecture notes…
Outline of the course
 Revision Mathematics
 Review of computer network concepts and terminology .
 Ethernet and IP over Ethernet. IP addressing, IP layer and related protocols
 Transport services – TCP, T/TCP and UDP.
 INTERNET ROUTING PROTOCOLS: Introduction to IP routing. Flooding, static shortest path routing, dynamic
shortest path routing.
 Distance-vector and link-state routing; restoration and convergence time. Dijkstra’s Algorithm. Interior and
exterior routing protocols. The major IP routing protocols – RIP, OSPF and BGP.
 NETWORK PERFORMANCE ANALYSES: Introductory concepts behind Poisson statistics and Markov chains.
 Holiday
 Simple traffic sources and their properties. Traffic problems using Markov model.
 Blocking, delay and packet loss
 Midterms
 Analytical modelling of local area network protocols.
Queuing networks
 NETWORK SIMULATION: Pseudo-random number generation. Generating statistical distributions.

 Programming time-based and event-based simulations. Statistical analysis of simulation results.

 General Review
Evaluation of the course
 Final %40
 Midterm %30
 Assignments %20
 Presentation %5
 Attendance/Participation/Collaboration %5

 REFERENCE BOOKS
 A. S. Tanenbaum: “Computer Networks”, Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0130384887.
 W. R. Stevens: “TCP/IP Illustrated: The Protocols, Volume 1”, Addison-Wesley, ISBN
0201633469.
 N. C. Hock: “Queueing Modelling Fundamentals”, Wiley, ISBN 0471968196.
 A. Kershenbaum: “Telecommunication Network Design Algorithms”, ISBN
0071125183.
 G. N. Higgenbottom: “Performance Evaluation of Computer Networks”, Artech
House, ISBN 0890068704.
Networks and definitions of the terms
Truncated OSI model – layers 5 and 6 missing
Protocol hierarchy analogy
Philosopher analogy protocols
Philosopher analogy protocol suite
Logical Communication
Physical Layer 1
Data Link Layer – layer 2
10Mb/s Ethernet – an example of layer 1 and 2
Ethernet Frame
Ethernet’s handling of errors
100 Mb/s Ethernet – “Fast Ethernet”
1 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s Ethernet
Networking processes
Network layer – layer 3
The Internet topology
Transport layer – layer 4
Application layer – layer 5
HTTP example
HTML message transfer
Using HTML
Layer encapsulation
Intra-layer encapsulation
Connection oriented network layer?
Connectionless network layer and TCP/IP
Layer 4 services in TCP/IP
IPv4 addressing
Router table organisation
Class-based IPv4 addressing
Special IP addresses
Subnets
Example of subnet addressing
Class A addresses beginning “10”
Sub-netting of branch offices
Allocating prefixes
Example of router table size reduction
Domain Name System (DNS)
A portion of the Internet domain name space
IPv4 datagram header
IPv4 header fields
The IP protocol field
IPv4 fields for data fragmentation
Datagram fragmentation example
Division of datagram into three fragments
TCP’s alternative to fragmentation
Type of service (ToS) field
IPv4 options
IPv4 checksum
IPv4 support protocols
ARP implementation
ARP protocol packet – Ethernet in this case
First IP datagram hop
Summary of ARP, ICMP and BOOTP
Steps involved in first hop
Comparing source and destination addresses
RARP, BOOTP and DHCP
Internet control message protocol (ICMP)
ICMP messages
TCP transport layer function
Outline of TCP operation
TCP use
Common applications based upon TCP
TCP segment header
TCP header field functions
More TCP header field functions
TCP checksum (required)
Three-way handshake
Reducing the number of datagrams required
Slow start
Congestion avoidance
Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery
Evolution of cwnd under TCP congestion control
TCP retransmission timer
Example of slow start in TCP
Send window size after timeout
Round trip time (RTT) example
Bandwidth-delay product and link utilisation
Bandwidth-delay example
Bandwidth-delay example continued
LFN example
LFN example – throughput and TCP file transfer
Throughput of LFN
User datagram protocol (UDP)
UDP header
Some well known UDP ports
T/TCP – Transactional TCP
So, conclusion???