1.

Determination of equivalent nodal loads due to body forces & tractive forces
For body forces,

 N  X dV
T

Ni =
1
( i +  i x +  i y )
2A
N 1 = (( x 2 y 3 − y 2 x3 ) + ( y 2 − y 3 )x + ( x3 − x 2 ) y )
N 1 = (1 − x − y )
Likewise,
1− x − y x− y x+ y
N  =  
0 0 0
 0 0 0 1− x − y x− y −1+ x + y  26
 FX   0 
X  =  = 
 FY  − g  21
t  uniform
1 − x − y 0 
 x− y 0 

 x+ y 0   0 
t     dA
A
0 1 − x − y   − g  21
 0 x− y 
 
 0 x + y  62
Applying → coordinates( xi , y i )
 0   F1x  0 
 0  F  0 
   2x   
 0   F3 x  0 
t   dA =   = −tg    dA
A
− g   F1 y  A 
1
− g   F2 y  1
     
− g   F3 y  1

The integration in terms of area coordinate,

  0   0 
 0    F 
   0   1x 
 0   0   F2 x 
 1!0!0!   − Agt   F 
F  = −2 Agt  (1 + 0 + 0 + 2)! =  3    3 x 

  F1 y
 0!1!0!   − Agt   
 (0 + 1 + 0 + 2 )!  3   F2 y 
   − Agt   F3 y 

0!0!1!
   

 (0 + 0 + 1 + 2 )!  3 

So, now the load acting on a node per element shall be (downwards, in the direction of gravity)
0.5 x 7850 x 9.81 x 0.025 x (1/3) = 320.868N = 0.321kN
At two node junctions, 0.642kN
For traction forces acting on 2-3 side of the element,

 N  T dA
T
s
A

N1 = 0
Node2 & 3
s
N2 = =s
L23
L23 − s
N3 = = 1− s
L 23

T  = TT
s


x


 Y

 0 0   0 
1 − s 0   0 
  
 s 0   0  1
 0 
t     dx = t    ds
S 
0 0   − 100 21 0 
0 
 0 1 − s 100s − 100
   
 0 s  62  − 100s 
 F1x   0 
1
 0   0 
    F   
 0   0   2x   0 
 0   0   F3 x 
   0 
t  =  = 
 0   0   F1 y   0 
50s 2 − 100s  − 50t   F2 y  − 1.25
       
 − 50s  0 − 50t    − 1.25
 F3 y 
2