END SEMESTER REPORT

Submitted by:
Kosuru Revanth
Kosuru.revanth@st.niituniversity.in
U101115FEC020
B.Tech. ECE

IP Organization:
Bharti Airtel

Mentor:
Mukul Sharma (Mukul.Sharma@airtel.com)
Pradeep shukla(Pradeep.shukla@airtel.com)
On-Campus Faculty:
Proff. Neha Tiwari (Neha.Tiwari@niituniversity.in)
Off-Campus Faculty:
Geetica.Rastogi( Geetica.rastogi@niituniversity.in)
 Acknowledgment

The internship opportunity I had with Airtel was a great chance for me to learn and apply my knowledge
and skills. Therefore, I consider myself very fortunate for this wonderful opportunity. I am also grateful to
be under the guidance of my mentors and managers who helped me in the time on need during my
internship period.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to my managers Mr.Mukul Sharma and
Mr.Pradeep Shukla who in spite of being extraordinarily busy with their duties, took time out to hear, guide
and keep me on the correct path and also for allowing me to carry out my given job at their esteemed
organization.

It is my radiant sentiment to place on record my best regards, deepest sense of gratitude to Mr.Mukul
Sharma & Mr.Pradeep Shukla for their careful and precious guidance which were extremely valuable for
my project both theoretically and practically.

I perceive as this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development. I will strive to use the gained
skills and knowledge in the best possible way, and I will continue to work on their improvement, in order
to attain desired career objectives. Hope to continue cooperation with all of you in the future.

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 Declaration

I Kosuru Revanth of NIIT University, hereby declare that the presented report of my Industry Practice titled
End Semester Report is uniquely prepared by me after completing 24 weeks of internship (14th Jan 2019
– 12thJuly 2019) at Airtel.

I hereby confirm that the report is only prepared for my academic requirement and not for any other
purpose. It might not be used with the interest of the opposite party of the corporation.

The information submitted herein is true and original to the best of my knowledge.

Kosuru Revanth

kosuru.revanth@st.niituniversity.in

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 Endorsement

I solemnly accept the efforts put in the project completed by the candidate which was done with the utmost
sincerity and adhering to the organizational data security policies. The project was done under the
surveillance and guidance of the specified mentor and he/she fully endorses the mentioned tasks
completed by the candidate.

Pradeep Shukla
pradeep.shukla@airtel.com

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 Executive Summary

Working as an intern at Airtel gave me a very good exposure to work in the field of fiber optics
communication. As my job as part of my internship is mainly focused on monitoring and management of
live optical network (SDH and OTN networks) which cannot be categorised as a project but a very good
insight of how a communication is done on a physical level. I also got an opportunity to learn about various
field equipment used for the data transfer in optical fiber from our Team leader.

My work involved monitoring the live optic network with various software custom developed by IBM for
monitoring different levels of equipment, in this term of internship I have gained a deeper knowledge of
various modes of transporting data through optics and equipment used and their respective fields. This
job aimed to reduce the no. of fiber cuts as to reduce the data loss and prevent the complete isolation of
node(MUX).

The other tasks which were assigned to us interns were Hardware monitoring, power level monitoring to
prevent degraded sections in the network and a timely update on the current status of the networks to be
escalated to our higher authorities and other departments such that any planned activity in the network is
done without totally disturbing the network or stopped to prevent further damage.

Apart from the job assigned, I spent time learning the concepts of OTN and SDH network working and
also attended a workshop introducing newer technology for monitoring the latest equipment on the field.

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgment 1

Declaration 2

Endorsement 3

Executive Summary 4

Table of Contents 5

Introduction 6

Project: Transport Operations

Definitions
SDH
OTN

Tasks Assigned 7

The Process 7
Network Monitoring
Hardware Monitoring
Checking Power Outputs 8

Pictures 8

Discussion 9
Further Enhancements in Network
Automating Damage Analysis

Non-Technical Discussion 10

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Introduction
Bharti Airtel has grown into a major player in the communications market in India which has always
switching in the top two leading positions in Mobile communications. This has lead for Airtel to build UNOC
a place where total Airtel network is monitored and managed using various softwares and particular task
assigned team like Fault management, Change Management, Transmission Team etc. I have been
assigned to Transmission Team (War Room) where we mainly monitor Airtel’s optical fiber ensuring that
all fibers are undamaged and deliver the correct power levels at their respective nodes.

In the next few pages I shall discuss my role and its responsibilities in detail stepwise.

Project: Transport Operations-OTN and SDH Network (War

Room)
The major technology used in optic network (transport layer) is SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) but
in recent years’ companies are shifting to OTN technology which compensates various drawbacks of SDH.

Definitions (Reference Internet)

SDH
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standard technology for synchronous data transmission on
optical media. It is the international equivalent of Synchronous Optical Network. Both technologies provide
faster and less expensive network interconnection than traditional PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy)
equipment.
In digital telephone transmission, "synchronous" means the bits from one call are carried within one
transmission frame. "Plesiochronous" means "almost (but not) synchronous," or a call that must be
extracted from more than one transmission frame.
SDH uses the following Synchronous Transport Modules (STM) and rates: STM-1 (155 megabits per
second), STM-4 (622 Mbps), STM-16 (2.5 gigabits per second), and STM-64 (10 Gbps).
OTN
The ITU's Optical Transport Network (OTN), as defined by recommendation G.709, provides a network-
wide framework that adds SONET/SDH-like features to WDM equipment (also known as Wavelength
Switched Optical Network equipment, or WSON equipment). It creates a transparent, hierarchical network
designed for use on both WDM/WSON devices and TDM devices. Two switching layers are formed (TDM
and WSON) and functions of transport, multiplexing, routing, management, supervision, and survivability
are defined.
Perhaps the biggest difference in the above feature list is that SONET/SDH was defined with fixed
frame rates, while OTN was defined with fixed frame sizes. This fundamental change helps IP-based
traffic to map into OTN much more efficiently than SONET/SDH. The tight integration of Internet Protocol
(IP) and OTN via Ethernet is much more appropriate to the modern mix of networking protocols and traffic.
With the global demand for connectivity consistently increasing, the demand for a modernized
infrastructure and a flexible architecture that can carry legacy traffic has also grown. With its ability to offer
support for 100G speeds and beyond today, while also preserving and supporting existing investments in
legacy SONET/SDH devices as they transition out, OTN is the logical choice.

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Tasks Assigned
As being an intern in Airtel we were very lucky for being assigned to Live network. The list of tasks assigned
to us are: -
Live Network Monitoring (for fiber cuts).
Hardware Monitoring.
Periodic Check of power output levels in the optic fiber.

The Process
Each of the above tasks follows different procedure while addressing the given issue in their respective
area but all the tasks requires a common software i.e; Network Monitoring Software(NMS).NMS has a
different name for different company equipment like IU2000 Manager for Huawei and One Control for
Ciena.When addressing any of the tasks above the first step is to check whether there is Incident Ticket
available in Remedy. Remedy is just like our NIIT Complaint register where every issue to be resolved
had a unique ID which stores all the data and communication done regarding the particular issue. Now
we shall see the detailed process step by step from start to finish for each task.

Network Monitoring
If any fiber cut happens in the network the system auto generates an Incident Id with all the relevant info
(like location, MUX ID, time of incident etc) attached.
Inform the field team about the fiber cut in that particular locations and ensure that they get the splicing
done as soon as possible.
If any fiber cuts get restored immediately check the transmitting and receiving power of both the nodes
between which the fiber cut has occurred.
If the power levels are not within the limitations set by Airtel then contact the field team and get the fiber
respliced properly.
Hardware Monitoring
If any Hardware equipment generates a failure alarm on the NMS we need to raise an Incident Ticket
regarding this issue.
Inform the field team about the faulty Hardware and get it checked by the field team.
If the field team fails to find the solution we shall contact the particular company and get an engineer
assigned for the Plan of Action.
Later the field team shall follow the plan of action provided in presence of an airtel employee till the issue
is resolved.
Checking of power outputs
As we know laser is susceptible to degradation over distance due to various factors.
There is a separate team which daily monitors the degrade sections in the whole network and raise their
respective Incident Tickets.
This info is then passed on to us. We recheck all the degraded sections and contact respective area
manager informing about the degraded sections.
And we ask them to do re-splicing on the optic fiber.If there is no issue in the optic fiber then it must be a
hardware issue then we follow the above procedure.
There also other small tasks such as escalating various issues which persisted for a long time in the
network to various upper management team and inform about the latest added hardware in the field.

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 NMS for Ciena.

NMS for Huawei.

BMC Remedy

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Discussion
Here I discuss some future work planned for the project.

Further Enhancement in Network.

As everyone is aware the is always some or the other upgrades to be done in the network it can be either
in terms of data connectivity or speed or introduction of spectrum. This project is an endless process of
integrating newer and more advanced technology in to the network which needs to be maintained and
monitored 24/7 as to provide very fast and stable network as promised by Airtel.

The main problem or disadvantage of the current approach is that there are no fixed errors arise when
there is a new technology integrated into the network as any replacement or addition done to the network
can only be done on trial and error basis.

As aware the next gen connectivity(5G) is under development for viable integration.

Some way has to be developed in order to generate the required bandwidth in a very cost efficient way.

There can be no better way to integrate any new technology as nobody can estimate the exact success
or failure percentage until its implemented and been observed in the field.

Automating damage analysis (using Computer Software).

This project had many technical challenges which are being updated in the software on daily basis on a
given firmware developed by the partner companies. There can never be a perfect automated system in
this project as changes happen very aggressively in the network to meet the rising demands for data.

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Non-Technical Discussion
In this section, I briefly discuss the link between my academic knowledge that I got from NIIT University
and the practical experience that I got from Airtel.

The first month at the company was assigned to just cover up the prerequisite knowledge needed to work
in a data science team which included learning courses like Network Optics and OTN which has been
recently introduced. As I was never introduced to these topics in NIIT University it took a hard toll on my
capability to work or understand in sync with my Fellow teammates and Team leader. Later These courses
gave me a huge advantage in my internship as my very work has been defined on this base.

Apart from this, I would like to specially mention my Soft Skills have been improved to great extent as
Airtel being a MNC has various methods and procedures for any operation, activity that needs to been
notified to higher authorities. The process was very new to me as I have never experienced a hierarchy to
this extent. Even my communication skills have been improved a lot as I had to speak and hold
conversations with various Field team members to deliver or extract the required data. Finally, this took
me by surprise as every member in Airtel is very well proficient in Excel as all the data is stored in
spreadsheets which helped me to learn few tips and tricks in Excel for faster data processing and storage.

And finally, I would also like to appreciate all the support I received form my Team Leader for patiently
explaining me the workflow and decisions to be taken at certain instances.

As for the missing skills, I personally did not find any difficulty during my internship, and NIIT University
has made me able enough to compete with the current industry standards.

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