Wire Ropes

As one of the most important flexible members, wire rope has high tensile strength and
fatigue resistance, light weight, good elasticity, stable and reliable under dynamic load
and overload ability and many other advantages. It is widely used in mine, metallurgy,
ports, construction and other major industries of national economy and the improvement
of department, transport and traction equipment. Wire ropes are widely used in in some
areas such as cranes, oil drilling rig, elevators, and mine hoist. As a bearing component,
wire rope will appear fatigue, corrosion, and even a sudden break because of various
reasons. Its bearing capacity and reliability have the direct bearing on the safety of
equipment and people.
Because of the complicated structure of wire rope, the diversity of the work
environment, the limitations of detection meth-ods and the development of
manufacturing technique, which make the defect detection of wire rope difficulty. It is
very important to develop the nondestructive testing equipment which can detect the
status of wire rope reliably. The nondestructive inspection technology of wire rope will
be gradually developed. There should be an appropriate detection method to conduct the
nondestructive testing of wire rope.

Literature Review of Research on the Technology of Wire Rope Nondestructive

Inspection in China and Abroad (PDF Download Available). Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281722584_Literature_Review_of_Research_o
n_the_Technology_of_Wire_Rope_Nondestructive_Inspection_in_China_and_Abroad
[accessed Jan 07 2018].
Different Types of Cables and Insulation

In older homes, the electrical system is likely made up of single conductor wires. Today,
however, much of electrical wiring is done with multiconductor cables because of their
convenience of use. If you are doing electrical work on your home, you can use either or
a combination of both.

The two most common types of single conductor wires are THW and THWN/THHN,
which are protected by metal or plastic sheathing. The wires themselves can be either
solid or stranded. Solid-core wire produces the best connections, but its stiffness makes it
more difficult than stranded wire to route through conduit.

The most common multiconductor cable is made from metal or plastic and contains a
neutral wire, a “hot” wire (or two), and a grounding wire. The neutral and hot wires are
insulated by a thermoplastic material; the grounding wire may or may not be insulated.
The wires are color-coded to guard against connection errors. Neutral wires are white or
gray, grounding wires are green, and hot wires are any other color.

A conductor’s designation is stamped on the cable sheathing as well as on each wire.

The mostly commonly used metal for wires is copper, due to its efficiency as a
conductor. Wire also comes in aluminum and aluminum clad with copper, but, because
these are not as efficient in conducting current, the wires need to be larger to achieve the
same capacity. Before using either of these alternatives, check local codes.

https://www.hometips.com/how-it-works/electrical-wires-cables-types.html
 UMCH 2012: Applicability and Efficacy of Variable Light in Schools

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938411004690 Literature Review of

Customer Lighting Preferences Page 69 of 72 Excerpts and Relevant Findings:

“There is a range of reliable, empirical data on the effects of special lighting techniques on the
performance of adults in the work environment in the literature. However, these studies have
not adequately addressed the effects of lighting on school children in the classroom
environment. In [this] study, the effect of variable lighting (VL) i.e., lighting that is variable in
illuminance and color temperature, was studied in the classroom using a variety of student
performance and attitude measures….The results showed that the students made fewer errors,
particularly fewer errors of omission, on a standardized test of attention under the VL
“Concentrate” program. Reading speed, as measured using standardized reading tests, rose
significantly. Reading comprehension also improved, but this improvement was not statistically
significant. In contrast, the achievement motivation of the students and the classroom
atmosphere did not change over the nine-month period. Overall, the students and teachers
rated VL positively and found it useful during lessons. These results are in line with previous
research findings.”
 Energy Conversion

Energy conversion, the transformation of energy from forms provided by nature to forms that can be
used by humans.

Over the centuries a wide array of devices and systems has been developed for this purpose. Some of
these energy converters are quite simple. The early windmills, for example, transformed the kinetic
energy of wind into mechanical energy for pumping water and grinding grain. Other energy-conversion
systems are decidedly more complex, particularly those that take raw energy from fossil fuels and
nuclear fuels to generate electrical power. Systems of this kind require multiple steps or processes in
which energy undergoes a whole series of transformations through various intermediate forms.

Many of the energy converters widely used today involve the transformation of thermal energy into
electrical energy. The efficiencyof such systems is, however, subject to fundamental limitations, as
dictated by the laws of thermodynamics and other scientific principles. In recent years, considerable
attention has been devoted to certain direct energy-conversion devices, notably solar cells and fuel
cells, that bypass the intermediate step of conversion to heat energy in electrical power generation.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/energy-conversion
The MacGyver Flashlight
How to light a bulb with one wire and one battery.
http://www.instructables.com/id/The-MacGyver-Flashlight/

Step 1: Obtain a Battery, an Electric Wire, and a Small Light Bulb

Step 2: Peel the both ends of the wire- Remove the insulation covering the metal portion of
the wire with a knife to expose the ends of the copper wire about one cm long.
Step 3: Twist the Ends of the Wire -The copper threads in the wire may flair out and make it
hard to handle. Grasp the wire in one hand toward the end of the insulation, then twist the
threads with your other hand to form a solid wire.
Step 4: Connect the Wire to the Battery
Step 5: Connect the Bulb to the Wire-Hold alternate conclusion of the wire of the strings as an
afterthought of the metal parcel of the knob.
Step 6: Complete the Circuit-Spot the lowest part tip of the knob on the different terminal of
the battery.
How Are Magnets Used? https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-are-magnets-used
Magnets aid as a rule constructed about iron. A material that mostly of iron such as steel. In spite of
magnets are great toward attracting metal objects, you might hold aglass marble or plastic spoon
against a magnet for as long as you like and nothing will happen. This is because magnets only attract
other metallic objects containing iron, such as nails, jewelry and paperclips.

Significantly like those Earth, magnets have a pole during each end: a north pole and a south pole.
Despite you might not have the capacity to contrast the middle of a magnet's poles, they act truly
distinctively. Whether you place the pole about you on that one magnet close to the pole for an
alternate magnet, a standout among two things will happen. If the poles are the same, they will push
away from one another. Magnetic fields are invisible zones that surround magnets. Once a magnetic
object enters the field, it is either attracted to or repelled away from the magnet.