INTRODUCTION TO PIPING

Pipe sections when joined with fittings, valves and other

mechanical equipment and properly supported by hangers
and supports are called PIPING.
 The Piping systems are an essential and integral part of our
modern civilization just as arteries & veins and are mainly
used for transportation of liquid or gases.

 The piping systems in thermal power plants are used to

convey high-pressure and high-temperature steam to
generate electricity. Other piping systems in a power plant
transport high-and low-pressure water, chemicals, low-
pressure steam, and condensate.
 Piping systems are used in hospitals to transport gases and
fluids for medical purposes. The piping systems are used in
laboratories carry gases, chemicals, vapors and other fluids
that are critical for conducting research and development.
If you have strong visualization power and if you are very
keen in learning every day in your life then only there is a
huge scope in Piping System Design, Construction of Piping,
operation, maintenance of various piping systems including
Inspection and Testing.

To work in this field one need to understand the basic

piping fundamentals, various materials used in projects &
selection criteria, specific design considerations, fabrication
& installation, testing & inspection requirements.
 BASIC ENGINEERING

• Block Flow Diagrams (BFD):

Very simple diagrams composed of rectangles and lines indicating

major material or energy flows.

• Process Flow Diagrams (PFD's):

Typically more complex diagrams of major unit operations as well

as flow lines. They usually include a material balance, and
sometimes an energy balance, showing typical or design flow rates,
stream compositions, and stream and equipment pressures and
temperatures.
• Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID's):

Diagrams showing each and every pipeline with piping class

(carbon steel or stainless steel) and pipe size (diameter). They also
show valving along with instrument locations and process control
schemes.

• Piping Layout (Orthographic- Plans and Elevations)

Piping layout is developed in both plan view and elevation

view and section details are added for clarity wherever
necessary. These drawings are called the General
Arrangement of Piping.
• Isometrics – (Pictorial - Isometric Views)
In complex piping system, especially within the
unit/plant building where orthographic views do not
illustrate the details of design, pictorial view in isometric
presentation is drawn for clarity.
 Equipment Layout
Equipment Layout is just that-where pieces of equipment, such as displays
and controls, are laid out in relation to everything else around them.
We also have to fix the co-ordinates (North East) of the Equipment in layout.
ABBREVIATION
LINES / SIGNALS
 PIPING SERVICES
• FO = FUEL OIL.
• HPS = HIGH PRESSURE STEAM.
• MPS = MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM.
• LPS = LOW PRESSURE STEAM.
• HPC = HIGH PRESSURE CONDENSATE.
• MPC = MEDIUM PRESS. CONDENSATE.
• LPC = LOW PRESSURE STEAM.
• HOS = HOT OIL SUPPLY.
• HOR = HOT OIL RETURN.
• HWS = HOT WATER SUPPLY.
• HWR = HOT WATER VRETURN.
• CWS = COOLING WATER SUPPLY.
• CWR = COOLING WATER RETURN.
• CHWS = CHILLED WATER SUPPLY.
• CHWR = CHILLED WATER RETURN.
• CHBS = CHILLED BRINE SUPPLY.
• CHBR = CHILLED BRINE RETURN.
• CA = COMPRESSED AIR.
• IA = INSTRUMENT AIR
• V = VENT / VAPOUR.
• N2 = NITROGEN.
• PW = PROCESS WATER.
• P = PROCESS.
• IW = INDUSTRIAL WASTER.
 EQUIPMENT

• R = REACTOR
• T = TANK.
• HE = HEAT EXCHANGER.
• B = BLOWER.
• D = DIKE
• J = EJECTOR.
• V = VESSEL.
• C = COLUMN.
• P = PUMP.
• K = COMPRESSOR.
• S = SUMP.
• F = FILTER.
• AG = AGITATOR.
• H = FURNACE.
• M = MOTOR.
• SC = SCRUBBER.
• X = MISCELLNEOUS.

INSULATION

• IC = COLD INSULATION.
• IH = HOT INSULATION.
• IP = PERS, PROTECTION INSULATION
 MOSTLY USING
• SMLS = SEAMLESS
• BBE = BEVEL BOTH END
• THD= THREADED
• BW = BUTT WELDED
• SW = SOCKET WELDED
• EQ.TEE= EQUAL TEE
• RED.TEE = REDUCING TEE
• ELB = ELBOW
• VOL = VOLUME
• VLV= VALVE
• EL = ELEVATION
• FLG= FLANGE
• SCH = SCHEDULE
• THK= THICKNESS
• EQPT. = EQUIPMENT
• NB = NOMINAL BORE
• NS = NOMINAL SIZE
• BE = BEVELED END
• FSU = FLAT SIDE UP
• FSD = FLAT SIDE DOWN
• SWT = SOCKET WELDED TEE
• BWT = BUTT WELDED TEE
• S = SOCKOLET
• W = WELDOLET
• SOB = SET ON BRANCH
• SPW = SPIRAL WOUND
• SORF = SLIP ON RAISE FACE.
• SOFF = SLIP ON FLAT FACE.
• WN = WELD NECK.
 THANK YOU

BY -
MADHUR MAHAJAN