REFERENCES

1. ACI Committee 224. (2001), “American Concrete Institute. Control of cracking in

concrete structures”. ACI 224R-01, American Concrete Institute, Detroit.
2. ACI Committee 318 (2002), “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete and
Commentary”, ACI, MI.
3. ACI Committee 318 (2005), “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete” (ACI
318-05) and Commentary (318R-05), p.430, ACI, Farmington Hills, MI.
4. ACI Committee 363 (1992), “Report on High-Strength Concrete” (ACI 363R-92), p.56,
American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
5. Ahmed, M., Dad Khan, M.K. and Wamiq, M. (2008), “Effect of concrete cracking on
the lateral response of RCC buildings”, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and
Housing), Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.25–34.
6. Al Rawi, R.S. and Kheder G.F. 1990, “Control of cracking due to volume change in base-
restrained concrete members”. ACI Structural Journal. 87(4): 397–405.
7. Al-Gburi M. (2015), “Restraint Effects in Early Age Concrete Structures (doctoral
thesis)”. Luleå, Sweden: Division of Structural Engineering, Luleå University of
Technology; 2015.
8. American Concrete Institute Committee 207 (1995), “Effect of Restraint, Volume
Change and Reinforcement on Cracking of Mass Concrete” (ACI 207.2R95). American
Concrete Institute: Farmington Hills; 1995.
9. American Concrete Institute Committee 207(2007), “Report on Thermal and Volume
Change Effects on Cracking of Mass Concrete” (ACI 207.2R-07). American Concrete
Institute: Farmington Hills; 2007.
10. Anson M, Rowlinson PM. (1990), “Field measurements for early-age strains in concrete”.
Mag Concr Res. 1990; 42 (153):203-212.
11. Arioglu, N.; Girgin, Z. C.; and Arioglu, E.(2000), “Evaluation of Ratio between Splitting
Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength for Concretes up to 120 MPa and its
Application in Strength Criterion,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 103, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2006,
pp. 18-24, doi.org/10.14359/15123.

114
12. Arioz, O., Ramyar, K., Tuncan, M., Tuncan, A., & Cil, I. (2007), “Some factors
influencing effect of core diameter on measured concrete compressive strength”. ACI
Materials Journal, 291-296.
13. ASTM-C469-02, (2009), “Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and
Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards. ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA, pp. 966
14. Bamforth PB, (2007), “Early-age thermal crack control in concrete”. CIRIA C660,
London; 2007.
15. Bamforth PB. (1982), “Early-age thermal cracking in concrete”, Institute of Concrete
Technology, Technical Note TN/2, Slough; 1982.
16. Bažant, Z. P., Kazemi, M. T., Hasegawa, T., & Mazers, J. (1991), “Size effect in
Brazilian split-cylinder tests”: Measurements and fracture analysis. ACI Materials 207
Journal, 325-332.
17. Bazant, Z.P. and Novak, D. (2001) “Proposal for standard test of modulus of rupture of
concrete with its size dependence”, American Concrete Institute Materials Journal, Vol.
98, No. 1, pp.79–87.
18. Beeby AW, Forth JP. (2005), “Control of cracking walls restrained along their base
against early thermal movements”. In: Proc 6th Int. Cong. Global Construction, Ultimate
Concrete Opportunities. London: Dundee University; 2005:123-132, Thomas Telford.
19. Bosnjak, D., Kanstad, T. (2001), “Structural behavior numerical simulation of the maridal
culvert”. Published by Department of Civil & Mining Engineering NTNU, Norway, IPACS
report BE963843/2001:33-8.
20. BS 8007 (1987), “British Standards Institution. Design of Concrete Structures for
Retaining Aqueous Liquids”. London, Great Britain: BSI; 1987, BS 8007.
21. Carlson, R.W. and Reading T.J. (1988), “Model study of shrinkage cracking in concrete
building walls”. ACI Structural Journal. (July–August): 395–404.
22. CEB-FIP Model Code for Concrete Structures 1990, “Evaluation of the Time
Dependent Behaviour of Concrete,” Bulletin No. 199, Lausanne, 1991, 201 pp.,
doi.org/10.1680/ceb-fipmc1990.35430.

115
23. Dylan James Matin , “Temperature and Shrinkage cracking in reinforced concrete walls”
(doctoral thesis)”. Ryerson University: Civil Engineering; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 2015.
24. Engström B. (2007), “Restraint Cracking of Reinforced Concrete Structures”. Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden Division of Structural Engineering; 2007.
25. EN 1992–3 (2006), “Design of Concrete Structures—Part 3: Liquid Retaining and
containment structures”, Eurocode 2. CEN: Brussels, Belgium; 2006.
26. EN 1992–1 (2004), “Design of Concrete Structures—Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules
for Buildings”, Eurocode 2. CEN: Brussels, Belgium; 2004.
27. Flaga K, Furtak K. (2009) “Problem of thermal and shrinkage cracking in tanks vertical
walls and retaining walls near their contact with solid foundation slabs”. Architect Civ Eng
Environ. 2009; volume 2(2):23-30.
28. Gardner N, Zhao J. (1991), “Mechanical properties of concrete for calculation of long
term deformations”. Proceedings of the second Canadian on cement and concrete,
Vancouver, Canada, 1991, p 150– 159.
29. Gilbert, R.I. (1992), “Shrinkage cracking in fully restrained concrete members”. ACI
Structural Journal. 89(2):141–9.
30. Harrison, T.A. (1981), “Early-age thermal crack control in concrete”. 1981. CIRIA,
Report No. 91. London: Construction, Industry, Research and Information Association.
p. 48.
31. Hughes PB, Miller MM.(1970), “Thermal cracking and movement in reinforced concrete
walls”. Proc Inst Civ Eng (paper 7254S). 1970; supplement (iii):65-86.
32. IS: 456-2000, “Indian Standards (IS) (2000) Code of practice for Reinforced Concrete”,
BIS, New Delhi, India.
33. IS: 3370(part 2)-2009, “Indian Standards (IS) (2009) Concrete structures for storage of
liquids- Reinforced Concrete Structures” - BIS, New Delhi, India.
34. IS 10262 -2009, “IS Method of Mix Design”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
35. IS 383: 1970, “Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural source for
concrete”.
36. IS 516 -1959, “Methods of Tests for strength of concrete”, Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi.

116
37. IS 5816: 2004, “Splitting tensile strength of concrete”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi.
38. J P Forth, A J Martin (2011),” Design of Liquid Retaining Concrete Structures”.
Published by Whittles Publishing; Dunbeath; Scotland, UK; 2014.
39. Josef Fladr, Petr Bíly (2017),” Specimen size effect on compressive and flexural strength
of high-strength fibre-reinforced concrete containing coarse aggregate”. ScienceDirect
Composites part B. 138 (2018): 77-86.
40. Kheder, G.F., Rawi R.S.A., Dhahi, J.K.A. (1994),” Study of the behavior of volume
change cracking in base-restraint concrete walls”. ACI Materials Journal. 91(2):150–7.
41. Kheder, G.H. (1997), “A new look at the control of volume change cracking of base
restrained concrete walls”. ACI Structural Journal. 94(3): 262–71.
42. Kianoush, M.R., Acarcan, M., Ziari, A. (2008), “Behaviour of base restrained reinforced
concrete walls under volumetric change”. Engineering Structures, 30: 1526-1534.
43. Klemczak B, Knoppik-Wróbel A. (2017) “Analytical model for evaluation of thermal-
shrinkage strains and stresses in RC wall-on slab structures”. Archives of Civil and
Mechanical Engineering 2017; 17:75–95.
44. Klemczak B, Knoppik-Wróbel A. (2015), “Degree of restraint concept in analysis of
early-age stresses in concrete walls”. Eng Struct. 2015; 102(11):369-386.
45. Liu X, Yuan Y, Su Q. (2014), “Sensitivity analysis of the early-age cracking risk in an
immersed tunnel”. Struct Concr”. 2014; 15(2):179-190.
46. Mahmut Acarcan. (1994), “Volumetric deformations and crack control in reinforced
concrete structures”. University of Dicle, Turkey, 1994.
47. Malaikah, A. S. (2009), “Effect of Specimen Size and Shape on the Compressive Strength
of High Strength Concrete”. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 87-96.
48. Mhaiskar, S.Y. and Naik, D.D. (2012) “Studies on correlation between flexural tensile
strength and compressive strength of concrete”, The Indian Concrete Journal, September,
Vol. 86, No. 6, pp.1–6.
49. Micallef M, Vollum RL, Izzuddin BA. (2017), “Crack development in transverse loaded
baserestrained reinforced concrete walls”. Eng Struct 2017; 143:522–39.

117
50. Mokhtarzadeh, A French, C(2000), “Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete
with Consideration for Precast Applications,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 97, No. 2, Mar.-
Apr. 2000, pp. 136-147, doi.org/10.14359/816.
51. Nejadi, S. and Gilbert, R.I. (2004), “Shrinkage cracking and crack control in restrained
reinforced concrete members”. ACI Structural Journal. 101(6): 840–845.
52. Niloufar Zabihi. (2012), “Effect of Specimen Size and Shape on Strength of Concrete”,
Eastern Mediterranean University January 2012 Gazimağusa, North Cyprus.
53. Nilsson M. (2003), “Restraint Factors and Partial Coefficients for Crack Risk Analyses of
Early Age Concrete Structures” [doctoral thesis]. Luleå, Sweden: Division of Structural
Engineering Luleå University of Technology; 2003.
54. Ouzaa K, Benmansour MB. (2010), “Cracks in base-restrained plain and reinforced
concrete walls”. Turk J Eng Env Sci. 2010; 34:215-230.
55. Pettersson D, Thelandersson S. (2001), “Crack development in concrete structures due
to imposed strains”. Part I: modelling. Mater Struct. 2001; 34(1):7-13.
56. Raphael, J.M. (1984) “Tensile strength of concrete”, American Concrete Institute Journal,
Vol. 81, No. 2, pp.158–165.
57. Seruga A, Seruga T, Zych M, Kaźmierczak Sz, Ślaga Ł. (2015) “Experimental
investigations of post-tensioned concrete shield wall for ammonia steel tank”. Materiały
Budowlane,. 2015; 9(517):110-111.
58. Seruga A, Zych M. (2016) “Research on thermal cracking of a rectangular RC tank wall
under construction”. I: case study. ASCE J Perform Constr Fac. 2016; 30(1):04014198-1-
04014198-10.
59. Seruga A, Zych M. (2016), “Research on young concrete creep under compressive and
tensile stresses”. Cement-Wapno-Beton. 2016; 3:65-77.
60. AS 3600: 2001, “Standards Association of Australia, Concrete Structures – AS 3600”,
Standards Australia, Strathfield (NSW).
61. Stoffers H. (1978), “Cracking due to shrinkage and temperature variation in walls” (3rd
edn.), Delft University of Technology and IBBC, 23, 3, 68. Delft; 1978.

118
62. Vitherana V, Sakai K. (1995), “Early-age behaviour of concrete sections under strain
induced loadings”. In: Sakai K, Banthai N, Gjorv OE, eds. Proc 3rd Int. Conf. Concrete
Under Severe Conditions CONSEG 95. Vol 2–4. Sapporro, Japan: Tata McGraw-Hil;
1995:1571-1581.
63. Wu S, Huang D, Lin FB, Zhao H, Wang P(2011), “Estimation of cracking risk of
concrete at early age based on thermal stress analysis”. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011;
105(1):171-186.
64. Zych M. (2011), “Analysis of reinforced concrete Tank's Walls during Early Hardening
Period of Concrete, in Aspect of Watertightness” (doctoral thesis). Cracow, Poland:
Division of Structural Engineering, Cracow University of Technology; 2011.

119