PARAPHRASE

MOCHAMAD ALFAN DANISWARA

171711049

2B TEKNIK KONVERSI ENERGI

 1. Original :

The first electronic device to be introduced is called the diode. It is the simplest of
semiconductor devices but plays a very vital role in electronic systems, having
characteristics that closely match those of a simple switch. It will appear in a range of
applications, extending from the simple to the very complex. In addition to the details of
its construction and characteristics, the very important data and graphs to be found on
specification sheets will also be covered to ensure an understanding of the terminology
employed and to demonstrate the wealth of information typically available from
manufacturers (Boylestad,2007,P1)

PARAPHRASE :

(Boylestad,2007) Said Introducing the first electronic device is called the diode. It is the
simplest of semiconductor devices but plays a very important role in electronic systems,
with features closely matching those of a simple switch. It will appear in a variety of
applications, from the simple to the very complex. In addition to the details of its
construction and characteristics, it will also cover the very important data and graphs
found on specification sheets to ensure an understanding of the terminology used and to
demonstrate the abundance of information typically available from manufacturers.

2. Original :

Some mechanical drives incorporate brakes for their correct function, and these braking
devices are discussed separately . The book is completed by a glossary of terms and a guide
to makers of transmission equipment (Macmillan,2011,P8)

PARAPHRASE :

(Macmillan,2011) Said Some mechanical drives incorporate brakes to function properly,

and these braking devices are discussed separately. A glossary of terms and a guide for
transmission equipment manufacturers complete the book.
 3. Original :

In industry a popular substitution for the phrase “diode equivalent circuit” is diode
model—a model by definition being a representation of an existing device, object, system,
and so on. In fact, this substitute terminology will be used almost exclusively in the
chapters to follow.(Boylestad,2007,P26)

PARAPHRASE :

(Boylestad,2007) Said that In industry, diode model is a popular substitution for the phrase
"diode equivalent circuit," a model by definition representing an existing device, object,
system, etc. In fact, in the chapters to follow, this substitute terminology will be used almost
exclusively.

4. Original :

The need for a flexible coupling as a means of joining a prime mover and driven machine is
now universally accepted. Its purpose is to provide a flexible element between two
machines, absorbing or minimising torsional fluctuations and relieving bearings of loads
imposed by inaccurate alignment or subsequent movement. (Macmillan,2011,P17)

PARAPHRASE :

(Macmilllan,2011) Said The need for flexible coupling is now universally accepted as a
means of joining a prime mover and driven machine. Its purpose is to provide a flexible
element between two machines that absorbs or minimizes torsional fluctuations and
relieves load bearings imposed by inaccurate alignment or subsequent motion.

5. Original :

Unless otherwise indicated in the problem statement, values of fluid properties used in the
solutions are those given in the tables on the inside of the front cover of the text. Other fluid
properties and necessary conversion factors are found in the tables of Chapter I or in the
appendices. ( Okiishi,2004,P7)

PARAPHRASE :

(Okiishi,2004) Said that Unless otherwise stated in the problem statement, the values given
in the tables on the inside of the front cover of the text are the values of fluid properties
used in solutions. Other fluid properties and conversion factors that are necessary are
found in Chapter I tables or in the appendices.
 6. Original :

A number of the solutions require the use of the same program, such as a program 'for
curve fitting, or a numerical integration program, and these "standard" programs are
included. For those requiring use of one of the standard programs, there is a statement in
the problem solution which simply indicates the standard program used to solve the
problem. A list of these standard programs, with their file names, follow. The actual
programs are given in the appendix. Most of the standard programs are, of course, readily
available in other math-solver or spreadsheet programs, and the student can simply use the
programs with which they are most familiar. (Okiishi,2004,P6)

PARAPHRASE :

(Okiishi,2004) Said that A number of solutions require the same program to be used, such
as a curve fitting program or a numerical integration program, and these "standard"
programs are included. There is a statement in the problem solution for those requiring the
use of one of the standard programs that simply indicates the standard program used to
solve the problem. Follow a list with their file names of these standard programs. In the
appendix are given the actual programs. Most of the standard programs are available in
other math-solver or spreadsheet programs, of course, and the student can use the
programs they are most familiar with.

7.Original :

As liquids are compressed the bulk modulus increases,but the bulk modulus near
atmospheric pressure is usually the one of interest. The use of bulk modulus as a property
describing compressibility is most prevalent when dealing with liquids, although the bulk
modulus can also be determined for gases.(Munson,2002,P12)

PARAPHRASE :

(Munson,2002) Said that While the bulk module increases as liquids are compressed, the
bulk module near atmospheric pressure is usually one of interest. When dealing with
liquids, the use of bulk modulus as a property describing compressibility is most prevalent,
although the bulk modulus for gases can also be determined.
8.Original :

if a fluid is flowing in a pipe and a valve at the outlet is suddenly closed 1thereby creating a
localized disturbance2, the effect of the valve closure is not felt instantaneously
upstream.(Munson,2002,P24)

PARAPHRASE :

(Munson,2002) Said that If a fluid flows through a pipe and a valve at the outlet is suddenly
closed, creating a localized disturbance, the effect of the valve closure is not immediately
felt upstream.

9.Original :

It is a common observation that liquids such as water and gasoline will evaporate if they
are simply placed in a container open to the atmosphere. Evaporation takes place because
some liquid molecules at the surface have sufficient momentum to overcome the
intermolecular cohesive forces and escape into the atmosphere.(Young,2001,P45)

PARAPHRASE :

(Young,2001) Said It is a common observation that if they are simply placed in a container
open to the atmosphere, liquids like water and gasoline will evaporate. Evaporation occurs
because some surface liquid molecules have enough momentum to overcome
intermolecular cohesive forces and escape into the atmosphere

10.Original :

If the container is closed with a small air space left above the surface, and this space
evacuated to form a vacuum, a pressure will develop in the space as a result of the vapor
that is formed by the escaping molecules. (Young,2001,P50)

(Young,2001) Said that If the container is closed with a small air space left above the
surface and this space is evacuated to form a vacuum, as a result of the vapor formed by
the fleeing molecules, a pressure will develop in space.