Either President Lincoln was assassinated, or he was killed in an accident.

President Lincoln was not killed in an accident.

Therefore, President Lincoln must have been assassinated.

P is either A or K
P is not K
Therefore P is A

All hamsters are furry animals.

All hamsters are creatures who like to eat carrots.

All furry animals are creatures who like to eat carrots.

All H are A
All H are C
All A are C

All dogs are animals

All dogs are mammals
All animals are mammals

To prove the invalidity you need to form counter examples that use the logic of the
argument to prove absurd things.
VALID and SOUND arguments are immune to counter examples, they'll always be right.

Stmt : All Lotus are Flowers; No Lilly is Lotus.

Conclusion: No Lilly is a flower; Some Lilly is Flowers.

Either President Lincoln was assassinated, or he was killed in an accident.

President Lincoln was not killed in an accident.
Therefore, President Lincoln must have been assassinated.

P is either A or K
P is not K
Therefore P is A

All hamsters are furry animals.

All hamsters are creatures who like to eat carrots.

All furry animals are creatures who like to eat carrots.

All H are A
All H are C
All A are C

All dogs are animals

All dogs are mammals
All animals are mammals

To prove the invalidity you need to form counter examples that use the logic of the
argument to prove absurd things.
VALID and SOUND arguments are immune to counter examples, they'll always be right.

Stmt : All Lotus are Flowers; No Lilly is Lotus.

Conclusion: No Lilly is a flower; Some Lilly is Flowers.

Either President Lincoln was assassinated, or he was killed in an accident.

President Lincoln was not killed in an accident.
Therefore, President Lincoln must have been assassinated.

P is either A or K
P is not K
Therefore P is A

All hamsters are furry animals.

All hamsters are creatures who like to eat carrots.

All furry animals are creatures who like to eat carrots.

All H are A
All H are C
All A are C

All dogs are animals

All dogs are mammals
All animals are mammals

To prove the invalidity you need to form counter examples that use the logic of the
argument to prove absurd things.
VALID and SOUND arguments are immune to counter examples, they'll always be right.

Stmt : All Lotus are Flowers; No Lilly is Lotus.

Conclusion: No Lilly is a flower; Some Lilly is Flowers.

Either President Lincoln was assassinated, or he was killed in an accident.

President Lincoln was not killed in an accident.
Therefore, President Lincoln must have been assassinated.

P is either A or K
P is not K
Therefore P is A

All hamsters are furry animals.

All hamsters are creatures who like to eat carrots.

All furry animals are creatures who like to eat carrots.

All H are A
All H are C
All A are C

All dogs are animals

All dogs are mammals
All animals are mammals

To prove the invalidity you need to form counter examples that use the logic of the
argument to prove absurd things.
VALID and SOUND arguments are immune to counter examples, they'll always be right.

Stmt : All Lotus are Flowers; No Lilly is Lotus.

Conclusion: No Lilly is a flower; Some Lilly is Flowers.