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 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

3 1924 055 488 71

 Cornell University
Library

The original of tiiis book is in

tine Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in

the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924055488716
ALLEN'S SYNONYMS,
AND
ANTONYMS
 ALLEN'S

SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

BY
F. STURGES ALLEN, A.B., LL.B.

Late General Editor of

"WEBSTER'S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY"

HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS

NEW YORK AND LONDON
 (»v

(^5979r

Allbk'^ Synonyms and Antonyms

Copyright, igzi, by Harper & Brothers

Copyright in Great Britain
The property right of Harper & Brothers in thia work is acknowledged
in the United States of America and in the countries subscribing to
and adhering to the Berne Convention creating an Interna-
tional Union for the protection of Literary and Artistic
works, as Revised, and the property right in this work is
reserved underall Conventions and Treatiesinforce.
Alt rights reserved, including the right of translation into the Scandinavian
languages and into other languages
Printed in the United States of America
 To My Friend

JAMES BROOKS COMINS, M.D.

In appreciation of the watchful care which re-
stored me mak-
to health, in the year 1914,
ing possible the carrying on and com-
pletion of the work, on this book.
 NOTES OF EXPLANATION
affected. —
^When a person deliberately uses a diction which is not natural
and is not chosen simply in order best to convey his meaning, his use
of words is affected. This is ordinarily due to prudery, excessive niceness
or fastidiousness, undue desire for show, or a desire to support some
pretense, as of sympathy, refinement, etc. There are in English
various words which are typically so used in some senses, and they
are followed in this book by the word "affected," as where delectation is
used for delight, peregrinator for pilgrim, confect for make, emporium
for market, limb for leg, avapnt for away, etc.
Common forms of affectation are the excessive use of euphemisms
(see EUPHEMISTIC, below) and intensives.
archaic. —^Words that belong to the past but have now fallen into disuse
in ordinary language, but are for some reason retained in particular
uses, as in poetry or for their flavor of archaism, are followed by the
term archaic. Archaic uses may survive with particular individuals,
as when the word positive is pronounced with the i before the v long
(as in pine), or the word oblige is pronounced with the i sounded as ee.
Among the very many words archaically used in English are: ghastful
for alarming, anhungered for hungry, bestow for apply, host for army,
facete for facetious, hostel for inn, inform for deformed, etc.
A word may become obsolete or archaic in general use, but be
retained in professional use or in some stock phrase, as let in "without
let or hindrance," hearse or herse for bier in certain ecclesiastical usage.

Archaic uses often shade almost insensibly into those that are poetic,
learned, or rare.
bookish.—-Some words are literary in that they are little used out of
books, but still lack any special Hterary associations aside from the
fact that they are rather more formal than ordinary words or that they
"smell of the shop." Terms decidedly of this character are often
termed bookish (and are so marked in this book), as horrific for horrible
or frightful, tintinnabulum for bell, verve for ardor, horrific for fearful.
The use of such words* often smacks of preciosity or stiltedness. Of
course here, as in all matters of usage, there is no definite line of dis-
tinction setting off bookish words as a group from those usually felt
to be literary, learned, technical, or pedantic. Cf. tech., below.
colloq. —
Those words are designated as colloq. (that is, colloquial) which
are usually and properly common in ordinary speech or conversation,
vLi
 — .

NOTES OF EXPLANATION
but lack the dignity of association which is necessary to make them

appropriate for formal or elevated discourse.

The use of these words in ordinary conversation is not suggestive
of vulgarity, but when used in formal or elevated discourse they lend
an air of flippancy or illiteracy that is offensive to good taste. Words
which have not become recognized as in good usage even to the extent
of being colloquial are designated as slang (which see, below). The
appropriate use of colloquial words lends a charm and easiness to
informal conversation without which it is hkely to appear affected,
stilted, or pedantic.
A few examples of coUoquiahsms are: milksop for coward, flit for
depart, cabby for cah driver, swing for liberty, ado for juss.
contextual. k.s used in this book the word contextual is used for brevity
in place of "a contextual sense or usage." Very many words depend
more or less upon their context or the circumstances of their use for a
part of the sense or meaning which they are intended to convey. Thus,
when the question is asked, "Have you done your arithmetic?", we
must know the facts with reference to which the question was asked
in order to know what done implies, as learned, memorized, or worked
the examples of. This dependence of a word upon its context or the
circumstances of its use exists, to a greater or less degree, in all cases
where a word of more general meaning is used in place of a word of a
narrower, or specific, meaning. Thus, whenever we use do in this way,
we must in each case look beyond the word itself to know the particular
implication which it is intended to have.
An almost unlimited number of contextual synonyms might in this
way be given in any dictionary of synonyms, as for example animal
under horse, cow, child, man, woman, insect, etc.; emotion under passion,
frenzy, love, hatred, joy, happiness, etc. move under rush, go, dart, run,
;

walk, creep, glide, etc.

I have attempted to avoid uselessly cluttering the pages of the book
with an excess of such synonyms, but have added general words as
synonyms where it was felt that they would be of service to the user
^
of the book.
Examples of the use of contextual occur on most of the pages, as after
ecclesiastic under mank, girl under hu^sy, product under offspring, murk
under brand, etc.
euphemistic.—One often has occasion to express what is in itself un-
pleasant or is conventionally tabooed in direct expression, by using
terms that have less offensive suggestions than would be involved in
those precisely or bluntly indicating one's meaning.
The use of euphemisms is a notable feature of primitive races or
customs, as where the Greeks designated the avenging Errinnyes by
the name Eumenides (a name which arose as a euphemism, and literally
means, "the gracious ones"), or where we use intoxicated for drunk or
viii
 NOTES OF EXPLANATION
bowels or intestines for guts (a word once in polite usage and still proper
in some connections). Other words wholly or often used euphemistic-
ally are infidelity for aduUery, intimacy for illicit amour, departure
for death, innocent for simpleton. So any word of pleasant connotation
may be used in place of a word of unpleasant suggestion whenever the
intended sense will be conveyed.
—
fig. ^When the use of a word in the sense for which it is given involves a
consciousness that it is more or less transferred or figiu:ative in use,
the word is followed by^gr. {iov figurative). This has resulted in many
words being marked fig. which are not figurative in any sense that
would imply that their use belongs to what is rhetorically called
figurative, flowery, or ornate discourse; but merely that the sense
though established in English usage is not one in which the con-
sciousness of transferred or figurative use is yet entirely forgotten,
and without the fi^. there might be a momentary difficulty in sensing
the connection. This is the case with blaspheme for abuse, whip for
abuse, or cosmic for consistent, voice for speaker, day for time.
Proper names conventionally used as synonyms are also designated
as fig., where the consciousness of the figure still exists, as where
Boanerges is used for speaker, Castalia or Hippocrene for spring, Cyclo-
pean for massive.
formal. —
I have designated by formal those words which are charac-
teristic of formal or precise discourse, as where insular is used for
island (as an adjective), protasis for beginning, chamber for bedroom.
Here again it is difficult to draw the line between those sufficiently
formal to be so designated and those which are not, and I have omitted
the designation when there seemed to be any question about its
correctness.
intensive. —^When the intensive force of a word is a noticeable element of
its meaning the designation intensive is added after the word. In
many cases a prefix is added to a word so as to form a new word, but
in an intensified degree. The commonest prefixes so used are be- and
en- or em-, as in bedeck, becloud, bespatter, embolden, empoison, enchain;
but en- and em- are now httle used in new combinations, and be- usually
has a suggestion of excess, often with a note of contempt or disgust,
as in bedeck, begem, becalm, bespatter, bedraggle. The intensive force
is plainly felt in some of the older words, now obsolete or archaic, as
in beshrew (thee), bethink (thee), and in many modern forms, such as
bedew, enfeeble, empoison, enchase, encamaliee, etc. In many cases
the intensive force of the prefix em- or en- is lost and the compound
word has become the ordinary term, as embitter (rather than bitter),
encircle (rather than circle), emboss (rather than boss). The em-
phatic form is in some cases so far restricted to poetic use as to justify
the denomination poetic.
—
learned. Many words are common enough in learned discourse, written
ix
 NOTES OF EXPLANATION
or spoken, but are nevertheless quite out of place in ordinary general
literature or conversation. Technical terms (here marked as tech.)
are essentially of the learned class; but many other words which
cannot properly be classed as technical and yet are not generally
known to those of ordinary education, are in this work followed by
the word " learned." It would be ridiculous to designate as learned all
words not understood or which are not at all, or but imperfectly,
understood by those with only a grammar-school or even a high-
school education, for of these words, many will be more or less familiar
to one person and strange to another, who in turn may know well
words unfamiliar or unknown to the first. Words of this class are
lugubrious, dolorous, matutinal, venial, fallacious, inimical, and these
are left unmarked, though at times it is difficult to draw the line
between them and those marked affected, learned, or literary.
Those words designated as learned, therefore, are only those about
which there seems to be no question and concerning the nature of
which a warning should be given to the user of this dictionary. Among
them are: indite for compose, mordadous for biting, decollate for behead,
autochthonous for native. Learned words are often, like technical
terms, more exact in their meanings than more common words.
—
literary. Many words are chiefly restricted in use to literary expression
notable for its elevation in form or taste or to formal addresses couched
in such language, and these are designated as literary. Such words
carry a suggestion of studied elegance of expression or of learning that
would lend to their use in colloquial or technical discourse an appear-
ance of pedantry, stiltedness, or affectation.
Many or most of these words have once belonged to ordinary dic-
tion, but have by a long restricted use been set aside for this more
studied or elegant discourse, as burgeon ior bud,distrait ior absent-minded.
The setting apart of words in this way is a process continually going
on in English. Further common examples of "literary" words are
froward for perverse, fruition for enjoyment, imbrue for stain, impugn for
attack, Thespian for dramatic, array for dress, decease for die, fuliginous
for smoky, infelicitous for unhappy. Cf. fohmal, above.
—
obs. The abbreviation obs. (for obsolete) is put after such_ words as have
fallen into disuse but have seemed notable enough to warrant their
inclusion among the synonyms. Since Chaucer's time many thousands
of English words have become obsolete, and the presence of even a
large part of them would mar a book of English synonyms of to-day.
The art of printing has now, as it were, stereotyped our Enghsh vocabu-
lary, so that in these days words comparatively seldom become ob-
solete. Indeed, there is at present rather a tendency, consciously or
unconsciously, to retain or revive words already partly or wholly
fallen into disuse, as is seen in the large number of words marked
nrchaic.
X
 NOTES OF EXPLANATION
Therefore, where there has seemed to be some literary or other
sufficient reason for including in the
book an obsolete word, I have not
hesitated to do so, as in case of pleat for braid, pleasant for buffoon,
wick for village.
obsolescent. —^Where a word has begun to fall into disuse, but stiU has
use enough so that it would be inappropriate to designate it as rare
or obsolete, I have added the designation obsolescent. As already said,
words do not now so often become obsolete, the influence of the printing-
press being to keep in use the vocabulary which we already have.
Words that are simply falling into disuse and so are obsolescent (as
incommodious for inconvenient, quiz for hoax) are to be distinguished
from archaic words which are consciously retained in use or revived for
the sake of the flavor of archaism associated with them. Cf. archaic,
above.
rare.— The term rare after a word denotes that the word is rarely used
in general literature. Rare words consist mostly of those which now
and then appear in literature but have never become common. Thus,
fledgy for feathery, affright for fear, desipient for foolish were first used
many years ago, but they have never become established in general
use. Some words now rare were once common; where the fact of their
former frequent occurrence is of notable interest these are usually
designated as now rare. Rare words ordinarily are of a more or less
learned or pedantic character, and hence their use is often affected to
produce a humorous or ironical effect.
rhetorical. —'The word used to designate words which are
rhetorical is
characteristically used in language that is artificially or extravagantly

elegant, or that specially seeks to convey an extreme or exaggerated

effect, as where mighty is used for big, or mellijiuous for melodious, or
vyroth for angry.
slang. —
•When a word as a whole, or in the given sense, has a certain
arbitrary use, but is considered as generally below the level of educated
speech, it is designated as slang.
Slang generally consists of new words or new uses of old words;
but this is not necessarily so. Mere newness does not make a word
or sense slang, for many of the new words and senses of words in all
departments of life, especially in the arts and sciences, are not slang
in this sense, though they might come under the very broad sense
of slang as equivalent to jargon, or technical terminology (cf. tech.,
below). Generally speaking, the use of slang is not only inconsistent
with a refined or elegant diction, but also with that seriousness and
dignity which is felt to be essential to the general course of conduct and
speech.
Occasionally, terms which arise as slang, such as hoax, jitney, and
6ms, are accepted into good usage, but the great bulk of slang words
(such as newlywed for benedict, dope for medicine, claret for blood,
JO.
 NOTES OF EXPLANATION
buster for blusterer or a big thing) remain slang as long as they
are used.
spec. —The word (abbreviated in the text to spec.) denotes that
specific
a word is a synonym of thetitle word only in having a specific, or
particular and restricted, sense which is included among those for
which the title word may be used. Specific senses are at the opposite
extreme from words which have such a general meaning that they are
denominated contextual (which see, above).
It is noteworthy that the more exact a person becomes in his designa-
tion or description, the more specific are the words which he uses.
Such words when correctly used conduce to accuracy, but they corre-
spondingly narrow, often belittle, the meaning.
The designation spec, therefore, often serves as a useful or needed
warning that a word given as a synonym is so much restricted in its
meaning that it is not to be used as a general equivalent of the other;
in many other cases this is obvious without the spec, which is then given
merely for the sake of uniformity. For examples consult entries on
almost any page at random, as depart, horse, perceive, shrine, child,
offspring.
tech. —The abbreviation tech. (for technical) is added after words such
as pomiform for apple-shaped, ramus for branch, squama for scale,
sternum for breastbone, which are chiefly found in, and characteristic of,
technical usage. Many, perhaps most, of such words are occasionally
to be found outside of technical literature, but their use then nearly
always gives an impression of learning or pedantry. Many technical
terms are the mere jargon, or slang (in the broad sense), of a trade
or profession, and such terms are not ordinarily included in this
book.
It is tobe noted that technical, as well as learned, terms are ordinarily
more and exact in meaning than popular words, and are also
specific
barren of much or all of the connotations which lend to the commoner
words their richness of meaning.

J®" Various characterizations of words other than those given above are
used in this book, such as British, U.S., hist, (for historical), antiq. (for
antiquarian or antiquities), stilted, etc. Such designations have mean-
ings readily inferred from their ordinary significations, and there is
nothing in their relation to general usage or to each other to call for
explanation of them here. Thus, the designation British is equivalent
to "only or distinctively in British usage"; U. S., to "only or
distinctively in use in the United States"; hist.; to "used in historical
reference or discourse"; antiq., to "used by antiquarians or in
reference to antiquities"; stilted, to "characteristically used in stilted
discourse."
xu
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS BOOK
*• •. adjective. interj interjeotion.
ay adjective. math mathematics.
adv... adverb. med medicine.
A'"Afr Afnca. metal metallurgy.
Am America. metaph metaphysics.
aoat anatomy. meteorol meteorology.
antiq antiqmtiea. min mineralogy.
arch... architecture. mythol mythology.
archaeol, archceology. n noun.
"'rol astrology. New Eng. !.!!!'.'.'.'.! New England.
MtfOD astronomy. obs obsolete.
B'b Bibhcal. obsolesc obsolescent.
™ol biology. p participle.
bot "O^oy- philos philosophy.
B"* British. physiol physiology.
l>an Canada. nl.' plural.
«[• confer (L., compare). Port Portuguese.
chem chemistry. p.p participle past.
oolloq colloquial. p. pr participle present.
con] conjunction. prep preposition.
dial dialect, dialectal. pron pronoun.
dim diminutive, psychol psychology.
cool ecclesiastical. R. C. Ch Roman Catholic Church.
eoon economics. Scot Scottish, Scotland.
elec electrical. sing singular.
Engl English. So South.
esp especially. Sp Spanish.
etc et cetera (L., and so forth), spec specific.
ethnol ethnology. tech technical.
exclam exclamation. theol theology.
fem feminine. U. S UnitedStates.
fig figurative, figuratively. v verb.
Oor German. var variant (spelling).
her heraldry. v. i verb intransitive.
mat histonoal, history. v. t verb transitive.
infin infinitive. sodl zoology.

CROSS REFERENCES
Every from a word is to some other synonymous word,
cross reference
under which given either merely as a synonym or by way of a recip-
it is
rocal reference at the end. This latter is often done where there are
two groups of S3Tionyms of overlapping signification.
The matter in smaller type at the foot of the page consists entirely
of cross references, the words in the italic type in each case having, under
the main vocabulary entrance, a list of synonyms including the word
referred from. Thus, "obloquy: abuse, discredit" means: "see in the
main Vocabulary the words abuse and discredit, where the word obloquy
will be found as one of the several synonyms of the other words."

DIVIDING NUMBERS
Under many synonyms are divided
of the vocabulary entries the
into numbered groups, so as to keep together the synonyms for any one
sense, because the synonyms of a word in one sense usually differ in
whole or in part from the synonjnns of the word in a different sense.
Where the distinction between the senses is not obvious, I have intro-
duced a brief hint or definition so as to make this plain, as under abridg-
ment, arrangement, ask, v. t., assembly, base, n., beak. Frequently the
difference in meaning between the senses is made clear or more obvious by
the following antonyms, as under absolute, ask, v. t., branch, body, benefit.
xiii
ALLEN'S SYNONYMS,
AND
ANTONYMS
 —

ALLEN'S SYNONYMS
AND

ANTONYMS
ABILITY
abandon, v. t. leave, quit, desert, remit, 2. reduce, decrease, curtail, diminish, re-
renounce, forsake, desolate {rare), forgo mit, lower, depress, lessen, abridge, slack-
(rare or archaic), drop, discard, surrender; en, mitigate, relax, slack: spec, qualify,
spec, evacuate, forswear, maroon, consign, intermit, drop, fall (v. i.), sink, subside
bolt; see relinquish, forgo, abdicate, (v. i.), flatten, wane (v. i.), allay.
SUBJECT, STOP. Anionyms: see increase, intensify.
Anionyms: see keep, continue, accom- abbreviate, v. t. I. See shorten. _
pany, APPROPRIATE. 2. Referring to vxrrds: shorten, clip, re-
abandoned, a. 1. corrupt, reprobate, un- duce, contract, prune.
principled, depraved, hardened, irreclaim- abdicate, y. t. abandon, relinquish, re-
able, mcorrigible, irreformable, irredeem- sign, demit; all four corUexlital.
able, lost; spec, shameless; see dissipated. abdomen, n. belly (now becoming milgar,
Antonyms: see conscientious. exc. as referring to aninuds), paunch (jdya-
2. forlorn, lorn (literary) destitute (rare),
, of an animal), pod (vulgar),
logistic, exc.
castaway, outcast, derelict, deserted, de- corporation (chiefly spec.; coUoq. or mdf
sert (archaic). gar), guts (pi.; cant or vulgar); spec.
S. See uninhabited. epigastrium.
abase, v. t. 1. With "himself^' "(hem/- abdominal, a. ventral, visceral, hemal
selves," etc., as object: degrade, lower, de- (tech.), alvine (rare); s'pec. cceliac, uterine,
base, demean (not in good usage), sink abdominous (rare), big-bellied.
(rare), stoop (rare), bemean. abduct, V. t. transport (contextual), kid-
2. humble, humiliate, reduce, disgrace, nap, rape (esp. in p. p. &
p. a. "rapt";
prostrate, lower, mortify (rare or spec); archaic), ravish (lUerary; often vrith
spec, depose, disrate, disrank, disgrade, "aivay"), spirit (chiefly teith "aumy");
discrown, uncrown, disbench, disbishop, spec, crimp, shanghai.
disbar, dispurple, unchurch, discepter. abhor, v. t. dislike (contextual}, detest,
Antonyms: see advance, elevate, dio- hate, contemn, despise, abominate,
NIFT. loathe, nauseate (rare).
abasement, n. Spec, degradation, debas- Antonyms: see like, love, admire.
ing, humiliation, disgrace, etc. abhorrence, n. dislike (contextual), de-
abash, v. t. disconcert, confound, confuse, testation, despisal, hate, abomination,
discountenance, dash, embarrass, awe; hatred, antipathy, nausea, disgust, loath-
spec,shame, overawe; see intimidate. ing, aversion, horror.
AnUmyms: see cheer, encourage. Antonyms: see likino, love, admira-
abashed, a. disconcerted, confounded, tion, affection.
confused, ashamed, etc. ability, n. 1. Referring to the ability to
abate, v. t. & i. 1. destroy, abolish, reduce. do a particular thing: competency, capac-
AnUmyms: see build, preserve. ity, power, efficiency, sufficiency.

K^* Cross references: eee Note. abduoe: tinihdraw. abide: stay, dwell, tarry, con-
abaft: backward. aberrant: abnormal, wandering, tinue, stick, inhere.
abattoir: slaugfUerhoiKe. unusual. abide, v. i.: endure, await,
abbey: eonverU. abet: aid, indie. abiding: lasting, eortstant.

XW See Kotes of Bzplanation.

1
 ABJECT
Antonyms: see inability. Antonyms: see establish, confirm,
2. In a general sense: capability (often ENACT.
in as in "of great capabilities"), power,
'pl., 2. overthrow, overturn, subvert, eradi-
caliber, strength, energy; spec, gauge, cate, remove, extirpate, suppress, exter-
parts (pl.; archaic or literary), mas^ilhxess. minate, extinguish, destroy; spec, reform;
Antonyms: see inability. see ABATE, NULLIFY, ANNIHILATE.
3. Referring a concrete quality: talent,
to Antonyms: see establish, conclude.
faculty, hang (colloq.), ^t, art, trick, abominable, a. 1. odious, detestable, ex-
knack; spec, hand; see skill, endow- ecrable, hateful, damnable, accursed,
ment. heathenish (colloq.) nefarious, impious,
,

Antonyms: see disability. hideous, horrible, horrid (now rare or liter-

abject, a. servile, slavish, sneaking, grov- ary), horrific (rare), nefandous (rare),
eling, wormy (Jig.), cringing, hangdog nefand (obs.), nameless, imutterable, un-
(colhq.), reptile {rare), underfoot {rare); speakable.
see obsequious. Antonyms: see estimable, attractive.
Antonyms: see assitming, assuked, im- 2. disgusting, foul, loathsome, loathful,
pudent, self-assertive. loathly (Hilary), loathy (archaic), beastly,
abjure, v. t. 1. recall {contextual), for- vUe, nefandous (archaic), revolting, shock-
swear, unswear {rare). ing, putid (rore), nameless.
Antonyms: see maintain, state. Antonyms: see pleasant, attractive,
2. See disclaim. beautiful.
able, a. 1. qualified, competent, capa- abominate, v. t. abhor, detest, dislike
ble, effective {chiefly spec), sufficient. (contextual), execrate, hate.
Antonyms: see incapable. Antonyms: see love, like, admire.
2. clever, gifted, talented; spec, accom- abort, V. t. bear (contextual), cast (referring
phshed, notable {archaic or rare). to beasts only), slink (chiefly dial., referring
8. powerful, competent, strong, mighty to beasts only).
(r/ietoricoZ), masterly; see skilful, abortion, n. 1. miscarriage, cast (refer-
learned. ring to beasts only), slink or slinking (refer-
Antonyms: see weak. ring to beasts only).
abnormal, a. exceptional
{contextual), 2. misconception, freak, monstrosity,
irregular, erratic, anomalous, anomalistic come-to-naught (rare).
{rare or tech.), aberrant, eccentric, heter- 3. See FAILURE.
ocUte {rare or gram.), anormal {rare); abound, v. i. I. exuberate (rare); spec.
spec, amorphous, bastard, unnatural; superaboimd.
see monstrous. 2. overflow, flow, swim, teem; spec, lux-
Antonyms: see normal, ordinary. uriate, revel; see swarm.
abode, n. 1. residence, habitation {for- abounding, a. replete,plenteous (archa-
mal or stilted), inhabitance (o6s.), hab- ic),flowing, fuU, fertile, fruitful, rife (rare),
itance {bbs.), dwelling, house, quarters flush, teeming, swimming, fat, rich; see
{pl.; chiefly spec), seat {archaic or poetic), SWARMING.
home, domicile {chiefly legal), tenement Antonyms: see infrequent, deficient,
{chiefly spec), place {contextv^), rest RARE.
{rare), hole (in contempt), habitat {chiefly about, adv. &
prep. 1. aroimd, round,
hot. and zool.), fireside (fig.), nest C^.), circa (Latin).
harbor {archaic or literary), cunabula {lA- 2. nearly, approximately, proximately,
erary); spec, place, camp {temporary), almost, nigh, weU-nigh, circa (Latin).
homestead, headquarters, residency, hos- 3. round, circuitously; spec, alternately,
tel,hospice, hospitium, hall, court, palace, successively.
hibernaculum or {rare) hibernacle, man- 4. helter-skelter, zigzag.
sion, college, curatage, vicarage, novitiate, 5. concerning, anent (Scot.), touching,
Magdalen or Magdalene, legation, hos- of,regarding, on, after, respecting, quoad
telry, wigwam, heritage, hermitary (rare), (Latin), re (Latin).
coUectorate, burrow, barracks (pl.); see about, a. As used predicatively after "is,"
QUARTBES, HOUSE. "was," etc: 1. afoot, stimng, going,
2. See STAY. moving, doing (coUoq.).
abolish, V. t. annul, cancel, nullify,
1. 2. near, ready, nigh (archaic).
cass (ohs. or Scot), quash, disannul (eire- above, adv. & prep. 1. over, upon, on.
phaticfor "annul"), rescind, remove, abro- 2. adv. See aloft.
gate; spec, (chiefly in reference to laws) 3. beyond, exceeding, surpassing, over;
antiquate, overrule, overturn; see re- spec, super- (o prefix), hyper- (o prefix).
voke. INVALIDATE. Antonyms: see below.
t^° See Notes of Explanation.
2
 ABSORBENT
abrade, V. t. rub
{contextual), wear; spec. Antonyms: see attentivb.
fret, grind, grate* see scbafe. absent-mindedness, n. abstraction, ab-
abrasion, n. rubbing or rub (contexhiol), sence, absorption, preoccupation, va-
wearing or wear; spec, fret, graze; see cancy, inattention.
SCRAPE. Antonyms: see attention.
abrasive, a. abradent, scrapy; spec, fret- absolute, a. 1. pure, perfect, consum-
ting, graty {coUoq.). mate, complete, total, entire, round,
abrasive, n. abradent, abrader {rare); blank, unqualified, dead, clear, positive,
spec, carborundum, emery, sand, pumice, utter, downright, sheer, thorough, thor-
snagreen, putty, bort, rouge. oughgoing, stark, essential, mere (rare),
Antonyms: see lttbhicant. regular (coUoq.), teetotal (coUoq.), unal-
abreast, a. beside, alike (contextual), loyed, flat (chiefly coUoq.); see thorough.
alongside; spec, aligned, {parallel, even. Antonyms: see partial,
imperfect.
abridge, v. t. 1. abbreviate, compress, 2. unrestricted, unqualified, unbounded,
brief,reduce, contract (chiefly spec), con- independent, arbitrary, mireserved, un-
dense, compact, epitomize, sum (chiefly controlled, full, plenary, plenipotentiary
with up"); spec, razee, abstract, dock; (chiefly spec), plenipotent, plenary; spec.
see SUMMARIZE. categorematic; see autocratic.
Anionyms: see enlarge, extend. Antonyms: see restricted.
2. ;See shorten, deprive, abate. S. unreserved, unequivocal, imqualified,
abridgment, n. 1. Referring to the act: con- positive, independent, unconditional, un-
densation, epitomization, compression, conditioned, peremptory.
reduction, abbreviation, contraction; Anionyms: see conditional.
spec, elision; see summabization. 4. See actual, selp-existent.
Antonyms: enlabqement, exten- absolutely, adv. purely, utterly, entirely,
see
sion. consummately, flat, flatly, dead, down-
2. Referring to the result: spec, condensa- right, plumb (chiefly U. S.; slang), plum
tion, epitome, abstract, summary, sum, (chiefly U. S.; slang), roundly, teetotally
compendium, compend (rare), brief, brevi- (coUoq.), thoroughly, outright, altogether;
ary or breviale (obs. or rare), digest, precis spec out.
(tech.; French), comprisal (rare), synopsis, absolution, n. 1. forgiveness, freeing,
bulletin; see summary. justification (chiefly ecd.), clearance,
abrupt, a. 1. steep, sudden, sharp, quick, shrift (ecd.), assoiunent (rare), discharge
angi^ar. (contextual).
Antonyms: see gradual. Antonyms: see betaliation, punish-
2. offhand, hasty, unpremedi-
sudden, ment.
tated, precipitate, tout-de-suite (French), 2. iSee acquittal.
jDut-of-nand, jerky. absolve, v. t. free, for^ve, clear, assoil
Antonyms: see deliberate. (ecd.), wash (fig.), shrive (ecd.), justify
absence, n. 1. awayness (rare); spec, non- (chiefly ecd.), discharge (contextual).
attendance, nonappearance, cut (coUoq.). Antonyms: see punish.
Antonyms: see presence, attendance. absorb, v. t. 1. drink (chiefly used with
2. See absent-mindedness. "in" or "up"), imbibe, sop, occlude
3. deficiency, privation (logic; a loose (tech.), soak, suck (chiefly with "up"), re-
v^e), want; spec, destitution. sorb (rare); spec, reabsorb, ingulf or en-
absent, a. 1. away, abroad (chiefly spec), gulf, blot, sink.
elsewhere, otherwhere (rare); spec flown, Anionyms: see exude, reflect, emit,
distant, gone, exiled, banished, oversea, diffuse.
nonattendant. 2. Referring to ideas, etc.: incorporate,
Antonyms: see present. imbibe, drink (fi^.), take (conieiAwal);
2. deficient, missing, wanting, privative spec merge.
(logic;a loose use); spec, indigent (rare), 3. occupy, engross, preoccupy, immerse,
withdrawn, gone. sink, merge, bury, enwrap (literary), de-
S. far-away, dreamy, abstracted, ab- vour, hold (contextual), keep (contextual),
sorbed, distant, inattentive, vacant, pre-
occupied, distrait (literary; chiefly as absorbed, a. engaged, preoccupied, oc-
French masc), lost, absent-minded, rapt cupied, deep, suii, buried, rapt (literary),
(rhetoricai or literary); spec, musing, wrapt; see absent.
breathless. I
absorbent, a. absorptive, bibulous.

J^" Cross references: see Note. abroad ; widespread, aatrajt.free, abscond: depart.
aboTeboard: ovenly. absent, wrong. \vaL\date. absent, o. t.: withdraw.
BboTa-mentloned: aforesaid. abrogates e^olish, revoke, tn- absolutism: autocracy.

VW See Notes of Explanation.

3

spongy, spongous {rosre), sorbent {rare),
thirsty {rare or jig.), sorbefacient {rare).
absorbing, a. engrossing.
absorption, n. 1. imbibition, occlusion
{teck?); spec, resorption {rare), reabsorp-
tion, soalang, etc.
ArUonyms: see beflbction,
EMISSION.
2. incorporation, imbibition {rare); spec.
merger.
8. engagement, engrossment, preoccupa-
tion, prepossession.
abstain, v. i. forbear, refrain, withhold,
stay, desist, patience (rare).
Antonyms: see indulge.
abstainer, n. teetotaler, hydropot {rare),
reohabite {fig.); spec, teetotum {humor-
ous).
abstemious, a. ascetic, austere, sober,
frugal, abstinent, temperate, abstaining;
spec, teetotal, temperance {colloq.).
Antonyms: see selp-gratifyinq, dkink-
INQ, GLUTTONOUS.
abstinence, n. abstaining, abstention,
withholdment {rare), nephelism {rare),
temperance, refrainment {rare), forbear-
ance {rare).
abstract, a. 1. ideal, metaphysical, trans-
cendental, imaginary (rare), visionary
{rare); see academic.
2. iSee abstruse.
abstract, n. abridgment, conspectus, sy-
nopsis, syllabus {chiefly law and spec.);
spec, docket, brief, note, headnote;agement.
see
SUMMARY. Antonyms: see pbaise, eulogy, flat-
ArUonyms: see enlargement, exten- tery.
sion, WHOLE. abuse, v. t. 1. misuse, misemploy {rare or
abstract, v. t. 1. withdraw, deduct, elimi-
nate, remove, subtract, separate {con-
textiial); spec, embezzle, steal {figurative
or slang).
2. See REMOVE, summarize, abbidge.
Antonyms: see add.
abstraction, n. withdrawal, deduction, etc.
abstruse, a. profound, recondite, abstract,
deep, high, dark, acroamatic {rare), difiS-
cult {contextual), esoteric {fig.),
spec, far-fetched.
ABSORBING
tude, affluence, fullness, repletion, free-
ness, luxuriance, opulence, wealth, rich-
ness, prodigality, generosity, foison
{archaic), cheap {archaic), routh {Scot.;)
spec, flood, exuberance, super-abundance,
flow, heaviness, lavishness.
basiation, Antonyms: see deficiency, infbb-
QUBNCT.
abundant, a. abounding, copious, gener-
ous, luxuriant, plentiful, plenteous {rare
or literary), opulent, ample, Uberal, pro-
fuse, rich, flush {chiefly spec), plenty
{chiefly colloq.), fat {rare), free, efifuse
{rare), bounteous, bountiful, affluent
{rare or literary), numerous {rare); spec.
generous, lavish, flowing, exuberant,
prodigal, thick, superabundant, profli-
gate, rife, teeming, heavy, unstmted,
big.
Antonyms: see deficient, infrequent,
MEAGER, SCANTY.
abundantly, adv. aboundingly, copiously,
generously, galore {chiefly colloq.), etc.
abuse, n. 1. misuse, misusage, ill-use, mis-
employment {rare or spec.), abusing, mis-
handling, outrage, despite {archaic), per-
version; see iuxtbeatment.
2. reviling, revflement, viliflcation, vitu-
peration, malediction, insultation {rare),
blasphemy {fi^.), scurrility, Ubel, oppro-
brium, obloquy, contumely, rating, rib-
aldry, tongue-lashing; spec. Billingsgate,
blackguardism; see defamation, dispar-
spec), mishandle, pervert, outrage; spec.
haze; see ill-treat.
Antonyms: see cherish.
2. revile, berate (obs. or rare in Eng-
land), vilify, vituperate, scurrilize, blas-
Sheme C^.), slang {coUoq.), whip {Jig.),
ay, lash, conviciate {obs. or rare), mis-
caU {rare or dial.), bullyrag {coUoq.), flyte
{archaic or literary), tongue-la^; spec.
subtle; blackguard, curse; see insult, dispar-
age, defame. ,

Antonyms: see evident, clear. Antonyms: see praise, ennoble, flat-

absurd, a. irrational, preposterous, un- ter.
reasonable, false {contextual), fallacious, abusive, a. viliflcatory, vituperative, in-
sophistic, illogical, incongruous, incoher- solent, blasphemous C^.), despiteful {lit-
ent, incredible, nonsensical; spec, silly, erary), insulting, scurrilous, opprobrious,
ludicrous, ridiculous, paradoxical, seu- scandalous, scurrUe {archaic), outrageous,
contradictory. foul-mouthed {contextual), dyslogistic {lit-
Antonyms: see logical, reasonable, erary or learned; used of names, senses,
TRUE, consistent. etc.), contumelious, Thersitical
(jfig.). rib-
abundance, n. 1. plenty, plenitude (J/Ur ald, ribaldrous {archaic); spec, disparag-
erary), copiousness, profusion, profuse- ing, sarcastic, Fescennine Qig.); see de-
ness, plenteousness {chiefly poetic), ampli- famatory.
IS" Cross references: see Note. | abstinent: abstemioua. I abusing, n.: abuse.

(^ See Notes of Explanation.

4
 ACCOMPLISHED
Antonyms: see praising, laudatory, (rare); accessary (the less usiuU form);
FLATTEKINQ. spec, mcident(law), appurtenant.
abut, V. i. join, butt (of seams, etc.); see 2. adventitious, adscititious (rare), ap-
BORDEB. pendant, dependent, supervenient, ac-
abyss, n. deep (poetic or rhetorical), giAi, companying, bye (rare or spec), collat-
abysm, swallow (rare), profound, pro- eral, accessary (the less usiudform).
fundity, chasm, pit, sink (chiefly spec.), Antonyms: see necessary.
void. 3. abetting, privy, conniving, connivent,
Antonyms: see height. confederate, participant, assistant, acces-
aoademio, a. 1. collegiate, scholarly, scho- sary (the less usual form).
lastic, clerkly (archaic). accessory, n. 1. adjunct, dependant, ad-
2. conventional, formal, cut-and-dried jective, belonging, accompaniment^ ap-
(coUoq.), budge (archaic). purtenance, appurtenant, concomitant,
S. theoretical, speculative; see abstract. mcident (law), accessary (the less usiud
accede, v. i. agree, assent, consent, ac- form); spec, property; see accident.
quiesce (with 'Hn"), concede, yield, sub- 2. privy; spec, assistant, participant,
scribe, accord (loith "with"). conniver; see accomplice.
Antonyms: see disagree. accident, n. 1. See chance, misfor-
accent, accentuate, stress, emphasize,
v. t. tune, quality, accessory.
ictus (tech.); spec, circumflect (rare). 2. accessory, nonessential, external, in-
Antonyms: see slur. cident, collateral, unessential.
accent, n. 1. stress, emphasis, accentua- Antonyms: see essential.
tion, ictus (tech.); spec, circumflex, prime, accidental, a. 1. fortuitous, accessory,
secondary. nonessential, contingent, casual, subsicu-
2. See EMPHASIS, MODULATION, TONE. ary, external, incident, collateral; spec.
accept, V. t. 1. JSee receive, honor, be- stray.
lieve. Antonyms: see consequential, inten-
2. recognize, embrace, adopt, take, re- tional.
ceive (referring to laws, etc.). 2. accessory, incidental, external, adven-
Antonyms: see reject, decline. titious, nonessential, unessential, collat-
acceptable, pleasant, welcome, allow-
a. eral, subsidiary.
able, agreeable, gratifying, grateful, com- Antonyms: see necessary, fundamen-
fortable, gracious (archaic), canny (Scot.); tal, inherent.
spec, answerable, popular, liked, refresh- 3. See occasional.
ing; see PLEASANT, TIMELY. acclimatize, v. t. acclimate, season, nat-
Antonyms: see unacceptable. uralize.
acceptance, n. recognition, embracement, accompaniment, n. attendance, escort,
reception (referring to laws, etc.), etc.; tak- convoy (chiefly spec), etc.
ing; spec, vogue. accompany, v. t. attend, escort, company
Antonyms: see declination, refusal, (archaic), convoy (chiefly spec), follow;
REJECTION. spec, cavalier, esquire (rare), companion,
accepted, a. approved; spec, popular, con- chaperon.
ventional, orthodox. Antonyms: see abandon.
accessible, o. approachable, come-at-able accompanying, a. attendant, accessory,
(colloq.), get-at-able (collog.); spec, open, concomitant, comitant (rare).
patent (rare), ready, compassable, con- accomplice, n. Spec, abettor, acces-
venient, available. sory; see associate.
Antonyms: see inaccessible. accomplish, v. t. complete, fulfill, per-
accession, n. 1. See coming, addition. form, effect, achieve, do, attain, execute,
2. agreement, accordance, assent, assen- compass, effectuate, work, manage, con-
tation (literary), consent, acquiescence, trive, dispatch, consummate, negotiate
concession, subscription, acceptance (mth (spec, or colloq.), win, expedite (literary);
"of"), suffrage (chiefly spec). see finish.
Antonyms: see disagreement. accomplished, a. 1. completed, com-
accessory, a. 1. contributing, contribu- plete, fulfilled, performed, done, con-
tory, auxiliary^ supplementary, supple- summate, etc.
mental, adjective, extra, additional, ad- Antonyms: see crude.
junct, suppletory (learned), suppletive 2. Referring to a person, his learning, etc.:

IS^ Cross references: see Note. access; attack. accommodate: adapt, con-
abysm; abyss. accessary; accessory. form, arrange, furnish, oblige,
accelerate: quicken, hasten. acclaim: praise. shmA. hold.
accentuate: accent, emphasize. acclivity: slope. accommodating: obliging.

t^° See Notes ot Explanation.

5
 .

ACCOMPLISHMENT
finished, proficient, cultivated, polished accrued, a. due, owing; spec, overdue,
(chiefly spec), beseen {archaic, as in "well matured, vested.
heseen ); spec, learned, versed, read, ex- accumulate, v. t. & i. cumulate, mass,
quisite. amass, gather with "together"), pile
(asp.
Antonyms: see boorish, rustic. (chiefly with "up"), heap (chiefly with
accomplishment, n. 1. fulfillment, doing, "up"), agglomerate, aggregate, collect,
completion, execution, consummation, congest, roll (chiefly with "up"), acervate
performance, work, achievement, manage- (rare), coacervate (rare); spec, scrape
ment, deed, feat (referring to an act), (mth "up"), garner, store.
negotiation (spec, or colloq.); spec, dis- Antonyms: see scatter.
patch, triumph. accumulation, n. amassment, cumula-
S. (usually in pi.) refinement, embellish- tion, agglomeration, conglomeration, con-
ment, acquirement, attainment, acquisi- glomerate, aggregation, heap, aggregate,
tion; spec, graces (pi.), proficiency, poUsh collection, gathering, acervation (rare),
(used in a generic sense; as, "a man with- coacervation (rare); spec, congeries, hud-
otU polish"). dle, drift, litter; see store, stock.
accordingly, adv. agreeably, correspond- accuracy, n. exactness, precision, pro-
ingly, conformably, consistently, so, there- priety, fidelity, justness, truth, etc.
fore. accurate, a. exact, precise, correct, just,
accoucheur, n. obstetrician (chiefly spec), faithful, true, close, critical, strict, nice,
man-midwife. "Accoucheur" is French. proper, exquisite; see true.
accoucheuse, n. midwife, obstetrician Antonyms: see inaccurate, inexact.
(chiefly spec), howdie (Scot.). "Accovr- accursed, a. anathematized, cursed (often
ckeuse" is French. a vulgar oath), execrated, devoted,
account, n. 1. See computation, con- damned (chiefly a vulgar oath), doomed
sideration, IMPORTANCE. (archaic), blasted (chiefly a vulgar oath).
2.reckoning, tally, score (chiefly spec). Antonyms: see blessed.
3.statement, report, description, narra^ accusation, n. indictment, charge, im-
tion, narrative, relation, recounting, re- peachment, arraignment, denunciation,
countal (rare), rehearsal, recital, recita- taxing, delation (chiefly by an informer),
tion, detailment, record, history (chiefly impeach (rare); spec, complaint, attack,
spec), story, tale, rede (archaic or poetic); crimination, recrimination.
spec, chronicle, travels (pi.), summary, Antonyms: see acquittal.
detail; see anecdote, narrative. accuse, v. charge, indict, impeach, ar-
t.

4. score, tick (coUoq.), battels (pi.; Univ. raign, denounce, task, tax, attaint (ar-
of Oxford), shot (archaic), reckoning. chaic), delate (now bookish or tech.); spec.
account, v. i. Spec, report, return; see article, recriminate, criminate, incrimi-
settle. nate, countercharge, report, attack.
accountable, a. responsible, answerable, Antonyms: see acquit.
liable, amenable; spec, good, solid. accuser, n. Spec plaintiff, prosecutor,
Antonyms: see unaccountable. complainant, hbellant, informer, inform-
accountant, n. clerk (contextv/d), book- ant, delator.
keeper; spec, actuary (life insurance), au- accustom, v. t. habituate, use, familiarize
ditor, cashier, teller, controller, wont, inure, hackney (itsed
sirkar (rare), addict,
(Anglo-Indian) with "in" ; chiefly in a bad sense); spec.
accouterments, n. pi. equipment, gear train, naturalize; see train.
(archaic); spec harness, clothing, dress, Antonyms: see disaccustom.
trappings (pi.). accustomed, a. 1. wont, wonted; spec.
accredited, a. credentialed, authorized, natural; see addicted.
sanctioned, acknowledged. 2. See customary.
accretion, n. 1. See growth, addition, acknowledge, v. t. 1. allow, grant, admit,
gain. agnize (archaic), avouch (rare), avow,
2. concretion, adhesion. confess, recognize, yield, concede, testify
accrue, v. i. come, grow, inure or
arise, (chiefly Biblical); see answer.
enure, redound (said of beneflts, advan- Antonyms: see contradict, dent.
tages, etc.); spec, vest, mature, attach, fall 2. own, confess, recognize, admit, avow
(chiefly with "due"). (obs. or rare); spec father, mother.
t^" Cross references: see Note. accost: address, greet. accroacli, v. i.: encroach.
accord, v. t.: give. [monize. aeoouche: deliver. accroach, n. t.: usurp.
accord, v. i.: agree, accede, har- accouohement: lying-in. ache: pain.
acoord, n.: agreement, corres- account, v. t.: consider. achieve: accomplish, get.
pondence, harmony. aceouter: equip. acid: sour, rough, acrid, acri'
accordant: consistent, agreeable. accredit: confirm, believe. monious.

lE^^ See Notes of Explanation.

6
 ACTION
S. profess, declare, avow. rancorous, atrabilious (rare), vitriolic,
4. Meaning "to receipt for": receipt. sour, biting; see sarcastic.
5. See NOTICE. Anionyms: see smooth, agreeable,
acknowledEment, good-natured.
n. 1. confession, rec-
ognition, admission, allowance, grant, con- acrimony, n. acidity, heat, acridity, viru-
cession, etc. lence, pungency, rancor, etc.; spec, sar-
Antonyms: see denial. casm, asperity.
2. profession, declaration, avowal. acrobat, n. Spec, tumbler, vaulter, equil-
acquaintance, n. Spec, friend, intimate, ibrist, rope-walker, contortionist, funam-
associate, familiar. bulist.
Antonyms: see stranger. across, prep, on, over, athwart, over-
acquainted, a. 1. R^erring to things: see thwart (rare), thwart (archaic or poetic),
AWAKE. cross (rurw chiefly dial, or poetic).
2. Referring to persons: spec, fanuliar act, n. 1. Referring to an act considered
(which see). "Acqvuinted" implies no as a whole urithout involving the idea of the
more than mere personal intercourse and time occupied or of its going on: deed, per-
has no general synonym. Cf. know, v. t. formance, action; see action, 1, deed.
acquired, a. Spec, learned, adopted, cul- Antonyms: see negligence.
tivated, affected. 2. Referring to the proceeding or course of
Antonyms: see innate. acting: see action.
acquisition, n. 1. Referring to the act or a. action, move, step, turn, deal, move-
action: gain, acquirement, acquist (lit- ment (rare), play, proceeding.
erary); spec, purchase, usucaption, con- act, V. i. 1. perform, work, operate, func-
quest; see getting. tion, functionate, go, serve, make; spec. do,
Antonyms: see loss. energize, preside, officiate ; see work, tell.
2. Referring to the thing: acquirement 2. Referring to the theater, shows, etc.: per-
(thiefly spec), acquest (literary); spec. form, play; spec, theatrize (rare), theatri-
spoils (pi?), purchase, trade, bargain, buy calize (rare), mum, mime, mince, gaff
(coUoq.); see gain, accomplishment. (slang, Eng.).
acquisitive, a. qusestuary (rare); spec. 3. move, proceed, deal, stir.
greedy. 4. See BEHAVE, dissemble.
acquit, V. 1. 1. See discharge, pat, behave. act, V. 1. 1. perform, take (a part), represent,
2. exculpate, exonerate, clear, discharge, impersonate, enact (rare or rhetorical), play,
absolve, purge, assoil (obs.), quit (obs. or assume, support, sustain, render, do (as
rare). a part, an act, etc.); spec, counterfeit,
Antonyms: convict, accuse, blame.
see theatricalize (rare); see personate.
acquittal, n. 1. See acquittance. 2. <See pretend.
2. exculpation, acquittance (rare), clear- acting, n. performance, representation,
ance, clearing, discharge, purgation (rare), rendition (U. S.), enaction (rare); spec.
absolution (now rare or literary); spec. histrionism, dramaturgy, mummery, per-
compurgation, acquitment (rare). sonation, etc.
Antonyms: see accusation, conviction. action, n. 1. act (rare), doing (chiefly in
acquittance, n. 1. See discharge, pay- pi.), acting, performance, movement,
ment, acquittal. working, operation; spec, effect, motion,
2. Referring to the document: release, ac- play (of the feelings, passions, etc.), oper-
quittal (rare, exc. legal); spec, discharge. ance (rare), touch, process, procedure,
acrid, a. 1. pungent, biting, acid, corrosive, business (theatrical), function, reaction,
virulent, sharp, caustic, rough (contextual), response, conation. If considered as a
mordicant (rare), acrimonious (archaic), whole loithout reference to the element of
vitriolic (spec, or fig.), hot (coUoq.). time these terms are sometimes used as
Antonyms: see bland. synonyms of "act." See act, 1.
2. See acrimonious. Antonyms: see inactivity, rest.
acridity, n. 1. pungency, roughness (con^ 2. measure, step, course, procedure, pro-
textual), bitingness, acidity, corrosiveness, vision, proceedmg, d-marche (French);
virulence, causticity. spec, counterstep, precaution; see stroke.
2. iSee ACBIMONT. 3. See behavior, transaction, activ-
acrimonious, a. 1. See acrid. ity, bustle.
2. tart, corrosive, acid, bitter, acrid, 4. influence, operation, working, touch;
sharp, cutting, caustic, pungent, virulent, see agency.

Cross references: see Note. acquiesce: accede. complishmcnt, getting.

heiffhl, top. acquire: get, gain, receive,learn. across: crosswise.
acquaint: iri/orm. acquirement: acquisition, ao- act: work, tell.

13^ See Notes of Explanation.

7
 ,

ACTIVATE
6. proceeding (legaT), suit, case, cause, 2. In a concrete sense: positive, eternities
process; spec, plea {hist, or Scot.), remanet, (pi.), reaUty, truth, verity, etc.
interpleader, replevin, assumpsit, trespass, Antonyms: see illusion, fiction,
libel, counterclaim, prosecution, etc. DREAM, DAY-DREAM.
active, a. 1. acting, operative, operant actualize, v. t. realize, substantialize, ver-
(rare); spec, exertive, conative. ify (rare), substantiate, reify (rare),
Antonyms: see inactive. (tech.), eventuate (rare); see
hypostatize
2. energetic, vigorous, assiduous, busy, MATERIALIZE, PERSONIFY.
industnous, hustling (coUoq., U. (S.), vi- actually, ado. really, truly, veritably, ver-
vacious (chiefly spec), animated, bustling ily, indeed.
(colloq., U. 5.), rustling (collog., U. S.), actuate,
excite, impel, move, activate
v. t.
brisk, hummiag (slang), deedful (rare), stimulate, incite.
(tech.); see
pragmatic (rare), deedy (dial.), deliver adapt, V. t. prepare (contextual), accom-
(archaic); spec, strong, sedulous, light, modate, fit, conform, suit; spec, coordi-
rapid; see nimbIiE, lively, kestlbss. nate, match, square, arrange, adjust,
Antonyms: see sluggish, idle, indo- shape, frame, turn, contemper (archaic),
lent, LAZY. attemper, harmonize, naturaUze, prepare,
3. See ALERT, ambitious. assimilate; see qualify.
activity, n. t. energy (chiefly tech.), vigor, adaptable, a. pliable, phant, tractable,
vivacity (chiefly spec), briskness, actual- accommodative, conformable, apphcable,
ity (obs., exc. metaphysics), hustle (U. S.; adaptive, flexible; spec, convenient, ver-
simg or colloq.), rustle (tj. S.; slang or satile, facultative Qnol.).
colloq.), operation (rare), operancy (rare); Antonyms: see intractable, obstinate,
spec, nimbleness. unyielding.
Antonyms: see indolence. adaptation, n. preparation (cordextval),
2. See alertness, ambition. arrangement, accommodation, qualificar
3. coil (literary), bustle, hustle (U. S.; tion, design, etc.
slang or colioq.), rustle (U. S.; slang or add, V. t. 1. join, unite, put (with "with,"
coUoq.), stir, action, turmoil, movement; "on," "to"), adjoin (rare), superadd; spec.
see excitement, bustle. tack, tag (with "on"), adject (rare), affix,
Antonyms: see calm, peace. attach, postfix, interline, interpolate, en-
actor, n. 1. Spec, agent, doer, performer. graft (vnih "on"), annex, append, subjoin;
Antonyms: see subject. see attach.
2. player, performer, personator, Thes- Antonyms: see abstract, deduct.
pian (literary), actress (Jem,.), histrion 2. compute (corttextual), sum (chiefly
(rare), impersonator (chiefly spec.), dram- spec), total, foot (vnth "up"), cast (tech.);
atis personae (Latin; pi.); spec, tragedian, spec, superadd.
tragedienne (fern.; French), comedian, addict, V. t. apply, devote, give: see apply.
comedienne (fern.; cant), pantomimist, addicted, a. accustomed (contextiujl)
farceur (French), caricaturist, burlesquer, given, devoted.
star, diva (fem.), ingenue (fern.; French), addiction, n. apphcation, devotion.
Pierrot (masc; French), Pierrette (fem.; addition, n. t. adjection (rare), joining,
French), punchineUo (Italian), buSo uniting; spec, attachment, annexation,
(Italian), comique (French), pantomime subjunction, interlineation, superaddi-
(hist.), mummer, mime, protagonist, tri- tion, etc.
tagonist. Cf. puppet. 2. computation (conlextual), summation
actual, a. real, true, very, factual, posi- (chiefly spec), totaling, footing (with
tive, concrete, veritable, absolute, indeed "up").
(postpositive), tangible, practical, sub- Antonyms: seededuction.
stantial, substantive, effective (as opposed 3. increase; spec raise, enlargement,
to "potential"); spec, sober, right, hypo- adjunct, accretion, accession, affix, ac-
static, hypostatical. cess, increment, appendage, appendix,
Antonyms: see unreal, visionary, im- annex, aimexation, attachment, sub-
aginary, SUPPOSED, fabulous, FICTI- script, codicil, interlineation, interpola-
TIOUS, apparent. tion, contribution, supplement, equation,
actuality, n. realism, realness,
1. reality, rider, tag, imitation, extension, prolonga-
verity, truth,trueness, substantiality, tion, continuation; see prefix, suffix,
sooth (archaic), substance, tangibiUty, ef- postscript. '

fect (chiefly in "in effect"), fact. additional, a. extra, further, new, fresh,
f^' Cross references; see Note. acumen: discernment. adage: saying.
activate: animate. acute: pointed, sharp, intense, adamantine: hard, unyielding,
actuary: mathematician. discerning, sensitive, high. unfeeling.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

8
 ADOPT
more, else {poslposilive), remanent {rare), set, coapt
(rare)^ rig (chiefly spec); spec.
supervenient(rore); spec, other, ulterior, register, orient, orientate, size, shape,
supplementary; see accessory, spabe. level, collimate, square, justify, true,
address, v. t. 1. See direct, apply. modulate (the voice, tones, light, etc.), comb,
2. accost (in speech; archaic), speak, couch (a lance, etc.), tune, readjust, har-
bespeak (archaic); spec, apostrophize, pe- monize, rectify, systematize, gait, coordi-
tition, salute, memoriaUze, whisper (ar- nate; see tune, size, set, proportion.
chaic), pray, stump (coUoq.); see greet. Antonyms: see disarrange.
address, n. 1. speech, talk (a word sugges- adjustment, n. arrangement, disposition,
tive of informality or brevity), parley (rare), trim, etc.; spec, compromise. Cf. adjust.
compellation (archaic); spec, invocation, administer, v. t. 1. give, dispense, dispen-
valedictory, salutatory, appeal, petition, sate (rare); spec, exhibit, distribute.
memorial, prayer, lecture, lecturette, 2. In law: settle, dispose (rare); spec.
(rare), harangue, eulogy, oration, argu- distribute.
ment, sermon, salutation, apostrophe; 8. See DELIVER, MANAGE, CONTRIBUTE.
see GREETING, SERMON. admirable, a. good, estimable; spec, ador-
2. See SKILL, TACT. able; see EXCELLENT, FINE, ESTIMABLE,
adduce, v. t. instance, cite, bring (a charge, PLEASANT.
argument, see present.
etc.); Antonyms: see contemptible.
adequacy, n. sufficiency. admiration, n. 1. wonder (archaic or liter-
adequate, a. equal (vrith "to"), commen- ary).
surate (with "to" or "with"), commensur- 2. approval, approbation (with "of"), es-
able (ivith "with"), sufficient (with "to" or teem (unth "for"), pleasure (with "in"),
"for"), satisfactory (chiefly spec), enough, reverence (with "for"), adoration (wiih
enow (archaic), ample, competent, due, "of").
good, copious; spec, proportionate. Antonyms: see abhorrence, condem-
Antonyms: see inadequate, deficient. nation.
adherent, n. follower, satellite (literary), admire, V. 1. 1. wonder (archaic or literary).
dangler; spec, hobbler (obs. or hist.), re- 2. approve, approbate, esteem, love (col-
tainer, sectary, supporter; see disciple, loq.); spec, idolize, latrize (rare), revere,
partizan. adore, idolatrize.
adjacency, n. 1. adjoining, contiguity, Anionyms: see condemn, abhor, abom-
contiguousness, juxtaposition; spec, abut- inate.
ment. admission, n. 1. admittance, reception,
2. See NEARNESS. receipt (rare), adhibition (rare).
adjacent, a. contiguous, conterminous, Antonyms: see expulsion.
bordering, adjoining, touching; spec. 2. institution, investiture (tech.), initia/-
abutting; see near. tion, inauguration, in vesture (rare), ves-
Antonyms: see apart, distant, sepa- ture (rare); spec, collation, incardination.
rate. 3. See entrance, acknowledgment.
adjoin, v. t. 1. touch, abut (chiefly spec); admit, v. t. 1. receive, adhibit (rare), in-
spec, border, neighbor, side (rare). tromit (rare).
2. iSee add. 2. install, induct, invest, vest, institute,
adjourn, v. i. rise. inaugurate, initiate, enter; spec, matricu-
adjourn, v. t. 1. suspend, continue (chiefly late, incardinate.
Scot.); spec, prorogue. Cf. dissolve. Antonyms: see expel.
2. See DEFER. 3. See acknowledge.
adjudge, v. t. judge (rare), award, as- admixture, n. 1. See mixture.
sign, give. 2. mixture, infusion, leaven, tincture,
adjunct, added, annexed, connected,
a. tinge, cast, alloy, spice, sprinkling, season-
auxiUary; see accessory. ing, soupgon (French), flavor; see dash.
adjuration, n. conjuration, obtestation, admonitory, a. monitory, commonitory
appeal (contextuai). (rare); see warning, reproving.
adjust, V. t. 1. See arrange, adapt, adopt, V. t. 1. arrogate (Roman law), affili-
HARMONIZE. ate (rare or fig.); spec father, mother,
2. arrange, dispose, regulate, fix, trim, naturalize.

>^" Cross references: see
adept, a.: akUfvl, tactful.
adept, n.; moBter.
adhere: stick.
adhesive: sticky.
adieu: good-by.
Note. adjoin: touch, border. adjunct: addition, accessory.
adjoining: adjacent. adjure: bid, ask,
adjudicate, v. t.: admeasure: apportion.
adjudicate, v. i.; judge. admonish : warn, advise, reprove.
adjudication: award, decree, ado: trouble,
judgment. adolescence: youth.

1^° See Notes ol Explanation.

9
 . .

ADOPTION
3. embrace, espouse, father (fig.), take 6. rise, appreciation (U. S.; not in good
(a person's side or part); spec, borrow, usage), raise, boost (colloq. or slang), en-
follow; see choose, copy. hancement; spec, boom, spurt.
Antonyms: see reject. Antonyms: see pall, depreciation.
adoption, n. 1. arrogation (Roman law), advanced, a. 1. ripe (as "a ripe age").
afiiiiation {rare or fig.), etc. 2. See PREcociotTS, forward.
2. embrace embracement, espousal. advancing, a. rising; spec, booming.
(rare),
adult, n. Spec, major, Nestor Cfe.). advantage, n. 1. superiority, precedence,
Antonyms: see infant. better (used idiomatically), odds (pi. and
adulterate, v. t. falsify (contextual), sophis- sing.), forehand, prize (rare), leverage
ticate, blend, dose (rare or tech.), debase, (rare), purchase (mech. or fi^.); spec,
doctor (coUoq.), cook (colloq.); spec, vitiate spare.
(with "with"), weaken, simpson (slang), Antonyms: see disadvantage.
dash, interpolate, sand, load, fill, dilate, 2. See GOOD, BENEFIT.
thin, drug, lace. advantageous, a. superior, favorable,
Antonyms: see pukift. profitable, gainful, good, clever (colloq.),
adulterated, a. impure, sophisticated, etc. expedient, expediential (rare), behoveful
adulterer, n. fornicator (tech.) (archaic), right (contextual), wise (con-
adultery, n. fornication (tech.), infidehty textual), advisable; see beneficial.
(a euphemism). Antonyms: see disadvantageous, un-
advance, progress, proceed, make,
v. i. 1. wise, INADVISABLE.
press, push, march, head (against force), adventurer, n. Spec, free lance, condot-
incede (rare); spec, inch, creep, drive, tiere (Italian), landloper or landlouper
gain. (literary).
Antonyms: see recede, retreat, re- advertize, v. t. 1. notify, notice, announce,
tire. proclaim, pubhsh; spec, avow, blaze,
2. rise, appreciate (U. S.; not in good blazon, noise, trumpet; see proclaim.
usage), enhance; spec. boom. Antonyms: see hide.
Antonyms: see pall, depreciate. 2. Spec, circularize, bill, placard, post,
3. See progress. poster, cry, quack, push.
advance, v. t. 1. forward, further, promote, advertizement, n. Spec, notice, bill,
push, shove (colloq. or slang), speed. placard, poster.
Antonyms: see abase, retire. advice, n. 1. counsel, rede (archaic), opin-
2. raise, prefer, adduce, suggest, present, ion, recommendation, advisement (ar-
venture, propound; see propose, oprER. chaic), admonition; spec, misadvice, mis-
Antonyms: see suppress, repress. counsel, dehortation; see exhortation.
3. raise, appreciate (U. S.; not in good 2. See notice, information.
usage), enhance, boost (slang); spec. advise, v. t. 1. counsel, rede (archaic or
boom, bull. poetic), recommend, monish (rare), ad-
Antonyms: see depreciate. monish (literary), guide (contextual); spec.
4. furnish (beforehand); spec, imprest. disadvise, misadvise, miscounsel, dehort
6. raise, elevate, exalt, promote, aggran- (rare), exhort.
dize (rare), prefer (rare or archaic); spec. 2. See INFORM.
make, dignify, ennoble. adviser, n. 1. counselor, guide (contextual),
Antonyms: see abase. admonisher; spec, referendary, compra^
advance, n. 1. forwarding, furtherance, dor (Oriental), assessor.
promotion, preference; see aid. 2. See INFORMANT.
2. progression, advancement (rare), advocacy, n. support; see defense.
march, procession (rare), progress, ac- advocate, v. t. support, favor, plead; see
cess (rare), push, headway, profection DEFEND.
(obs. or astrol.). advocate, n. 1. supporter, favorer, plead-
Antonyms: see recession, retreat. er; spec, intercessor, interpleader, patron
3. Spec, imprest. (Roman antiq.).
4. suggestion, preferment, preference, Antonyms: see opponent.
venturing; see proposal, ofpbr. 2. See lawyer, Christ.

fW^ Cross references: see Note. advene: come. adverse; opposed, opposing,
adorable: estimable, fine, advent: arrival, coming. unfavorable.
adore: worship, admire, love. adventitious: accessory, acci- adversity: misfortune, reverse.
adorn: ornament. dental. advert: turn {mentally), refer.
Adrift : afloat. adventure, v. i.: venture. advertence: refer erice.
adroit: skillful, ready. adventurous: venturesome. advise: consult.
adulate: flatter. rash, dangerous, reckless. advised: delOierate.
adult: grown. adversary: enemy, opponent. advisement: advice.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

10
 —
AFTERMATH
aXrate, v. t.aerify; epec. ventilate, inflate. spec, dotage, idolization, latrization (rare),
aeronaut, n. aerostat, navigator (context- familism; see love.
tud). Antonyms: see dislike, hatred, ab-
aSronautios, n. aerostatics, aerostation, horrence, ILL-WILL, indifference.
navigation (contextual); spec. a€rodonet- 8. In a medical sense: spec, infection, con-
ics. tagion.
and in-
sesthetic, a. tasteful, tasty (colloq. affectionate, a. fond (often spec.), loving,
elegant); see eleqant. warm, tender, soft (often spec., and then
aflable, a. sociable, conversable, debonair colloq. or contemptumts); spec, doting,
(literary), talkable (rare); spec, accost- spoony (colloq. or slang), fatherly, moth-
able (rare), approachable, soft-spoken, erly, sisterly, brotherly.
communicative, free, unreserved. Antonyms: see indifferent, apa-
Antonyms: see abroqant, iij>tem- thetic, COLD, disagreeable, HATEFUL,
PEBBD, SURLY, HATJGHTT, HATEFUL. SHARP, STERN.
affair, n. business (chiefly contemptiums), affiliate, v. t. 1. See join.
proceeding, go (colloq. or vulgar), circum- 2. filiate: spec, father, mother (jvith "on"
stance, matter (often in pi.), thmg (often or "upon,").
in pi.), concern; spec, finances (pi.), afflrmative, o. predicative, declarative,
fight, battle, duel; see transaction, con- declaratory; spec, insistent, insistive
cern, THING. (rare).
afleot, V. t. touch, reach, take (with afflict, V. t. Spec, strike, beset, smite,
"disease," "blow," "fancy," etc., as the sub- ply; spec, persecute; see trouble, op-
ject), seize (with "idea" or the like as the press.
svhiecl), hit (colloq.); spec, possess, at- affliction, n. Spec, trial, disability, dis-
tack, infect, smite, hurt, trouble, move, ease, misfortune, visitation.
grip, concern, interest, pierce, perturb, afford, V. t. 1. In the sense of "to have re-
impress, penetrate, strike, nip (rare); see sources or means that are adequate": carry,
INFLUENCE, TAINT, THRILL, AGITATE, EX- manage, bear, go (colloq.), give; not good
CITE, IMPRESS. synonyms, but the nearest there are.
affectation, n. artificiality, frill (slang), 2. See FURNISH, YIELD.
mannerism; modishness, profes-
spec, afloat, a. 1. fioating.
sion, conventionality, mincingness, etc. Antonyms: see aground.
Cf. AFFECTED. 2. overflowed, submerged, flooded,
affected, a. 1. touched, reached, etc.; spec. swamped, swimming; spec, anchorless,
infected,tainted, attacked, seized, dis- awash.
tempered, concerned, diseased, etc. S. launched, started, afoot, astir, going.
Antonyms: see unaffected, intact. 4. adrift.
2. See pretended. aforesaid, a. forenamed, forementioned,
8. artificial,nonnatural, unnatural (rare), said, mentioned, beforesaid, named,
mannered (rare),\ spec, modish, stagy abovesaid, above-mentioned, afore-men-
(colloq ), conventional, missish, namby- tioned (rare or archaic). "Aforesaid" is
pambjr, got-up (collog.)^ smirking, minc- now chiefly formal or legal.
ing, minikin (rare), mmmg-piming (rare), afraid, a. 1. apprehensive (rare), afeard
mealy; see pretentious. (archaic), fearful (obsolete), alarmed, af-
Antonyms: see artless, sincere, nat- frighted, terrified, frightsome (rare), tim-
ural, SIMPLE, UNAFFECTED, FRANK. orous (rare), funky (slang); spec, panic,
affecting, a. moving, touching, impres- aghast, scary (colloq/).
sive; spec, piercing, pathetic, pathetical Antonyms: see bold, reckless.
(rare), heart-rending, nerve-racking, piti- 2. iSee timid, apprehensive.
.able, tender, feeling, pungent. after, prep. 1. past, beyond, by.
affection, n. 1. See feeling, ailment, Antonyms: see before.
TROUBLE. 2. following.
2. regard, fondness, liking, bosom (fig.), 3. In the sense of "according to": to, by.
attachment (contextual), charity (Chris- 4. See ABOUT, FOR.
tian religion; archaic), storge (tech.; rare); aftermath, n. aftergrowth, rowen (chiefly

^^ Cross references: see Note. affinity: rdation. liking,
aerial: aimoapheHc, airy, lofty. traction.
aerie: nest. affirm: swear, state.
afolform: gaaeoua. affirmable: predicable.
affiance, v, t: betroth. affirmance: statement.
affiance, n.; betrothal. affix, V. t.: add. attach.
affianced: betrothed. affix, n.: addition, prefix, suffix.
afflne: t dative. afflictive: troublesome.
at- affluence: abundance, wealth,
affluent, a.: abundant, rich.
affluent, n.: tributary.
affront: insvZt, offend.
afoot: prejjaring, afioai.
afresli: again.
aft: astern.
after, a.: hind, sfubeequent.

tS° See Notes of Explanation!

11
 AFTERPIECE
dial. & U.S.), eddish, rowet (dial.); spec. agitate, v. t. 1. In a physical sense: dis>

fog, aftercrop. turb, affect (corUextvM), disquiet, per-

afterpiece, n. postlude (music). turb, trouble, excite, convulse, toss,
aftertaste, n. tang. shake, exercise, discompose, turmoil
afterwards, adv. subsequently, thereupon (rare),tempest (rare), commove or com-
(formal), thereon (formal), thereaiter mote (rare); spec, semove (rare), flurry,
(formal), so, eft (obs. or archaic), eftsoon betoss (intensive), heave.
or eftsoons (archaic), later, then. Antonyms: see calm, pacift.
Antonyms: see before, now. 2. disturb, trouble, disquiet, perturb,
again, adv. afresh, anew, anon (chiefly lit- convulse, demoraUze, solicit (a Latinism;
erary), freshly, newly; spec, encore. rare), commove or commote (rare), tem-
age, n. oldness, ancientness, ancientry
1. pest (rare), turmoil (rare); spec, flutter,
(literary), anility (bookish), caducity fret, rufile, ripple, undulate, curl, buzz,
(rare), antiquity (chiefly spec), senility flurry, heave, chum; see shake.
(chiefly spec), eld (archaic and poetic), Antonyms: see STILL, deaden.
ser,ectitude (rare); spec, date, immemori- 3. See DISCUSS.
alness (rare), epact. agitated, o. 1. In a physical sense: dis-
Antonyms: see childhood, rNTANCT, turbed, shaken, troublous, troubled, un-
YOUTH. quiet; spec, ebullient, boiling, ripply, fret-
2. period, aeon (often tech.), eon, lifetime ful, ruffled; see rough.
(fig.), years (pi.); spec 01am (Hebrew Antonyms: see calm, stagnant, quiet.
chronology), kalpa (Hindu cosmology). 2. disturbed, distraught (emphatic; chief-
Antonyms: see moment. ly literary), uneasy,tumultuary (emphat-
agency, n. 1. action (contextual), operation ic), tumultuous (emphatic), shaken, un-
(contexttia[), mediation,' intermediation, quiet.
ministry (rare or spec), instrumentality; Antonyms: see calm, peaceful, quiet.
spec, hand, working, procurement, pro- agitating, a. disturbing, disquieting, per-
curation. turbing, affecting, etc. Cf. agitate.
2. Spec, medium, vehicle, contagion; see Antonyms: see calmative.
AGENT, MEANS. agitation, n. 1. Referring to the action on
3. Spec, factorship, commission, proxy, the mind: disturbance, commotion, de-
mediumship, factorage, delegacy. moralization, perturbation, excitement,
agent, n. 1. actor (rare), doer, operator perturbancy (rare); spec incendiarism,
(contextual), worker (contextual); spec. upheaval, demagogism, ebullition.
reagent, medium, mediary. 2. Referring to the state of mind: turmoil,
Antonyms: see subject. tumult, discomposure, unquiet, unquiet-
2. attorney (chiefly tech. or spec), servant ness; spec, heat, trepidation, tremble,
(law), representative, hand (fig.); spec twitter (dial. Eng., or colloq., U. S.), twit-
factor, agency, steward, instrument, in- teration (slang), ferment, perturbation,
strumentality, broker, emissary, almoner, perturbancy (rare). The words under
dummy, intermediary, go-between, en- sense 1 may also be used in this connection.
voy, lobbyist, minister, proxy, commis- Antonyms: see calm.
sary, procurator, consignee, syndic, ne- 3. Referring to the physical action: dis-
gotiant, coagent, comprador (Oriental); turbance, commotion, troubUng, toss,
see REPRESENTATIVE. tossing, jactation (chiefly med.), pertur-
Antonyms: see principaIi. bation (rare); spec, upheaval, convulsion,
8. (See MEANS. undulation; see shaking, flitrrt, ruf-
aggravate, v. t. 1. intensify, heighten, fle, uproar, fret, boiling, excitement.
worsen, exacerbate. 4. Referring to the physical condition or
Antonyms: see expiate, mitigate, mod- manifestation: spec flurry, ruffle, tumult,
erate, REDRESS. curl, fret, ebuUience, ebullition, flutter,
2. iSee IRRITATE. whitecap, cat's-paw; see ripple, shake.
aggregate, n. amount, total, footing, foot, Most of the words uridefr 3 may also be used
sum; spec, summation. in this sense.
aggressive, a. offensive, attacking, push- Antonyms: see calm.
fv3 (colloq.); spec, invasive, incursive. 5. See DISCUSSION, disturbance.
aging, a. senescent (tech.), oldening (rare); agitator, n. Spec, demagogue.
spec, consenescent (rare). ago, adv. back, since.
(

f^^ Cross references: see Note. agglutinate: stick. aggression: attack.

agape: open, wondering. aggrandize: enlarge, elevate. aghast: afraid.
aged: old. aggregate, o. t.: unite, collect, agile: nimble.
agglomerate: accumvlaie. constitute. agog: eager.

T^ See Notes of Explanation.

12
 AID
acree, v. i. 1. accord (vnth "to" or "with"), 2. Referring to the mind: concert, meet-
harmonize, consist (,vnth "with"), answer ing (in "meeting of the minds"; legal), con-
(with "to"), correspond {with "with" or currence, consension {rare), consensus,
"to"), suit, match, cohere, comport, con- consentience {rare), unanimity, under-
sort, coincide, jump, tally, hitch (colloq.), standing, concentus {bookish), consent,
chime, concord {rare), jibe {U. S.; coir- {archaic), concent C^.), rapport {French).
hq.), gee {colloq.), conform (vnth "with" Antonyms: see objection, disagree-
or "to"). ment, QUARREL.
Antonyms: see disagree, conflict, dif- S. Referring to the resvU of the act: en-
fer. gagement, transaction, pact, covenant
2. accord, harmonize, concur, consent {chiefly spec), convention, paction {chiefly
{archaic), cotton {colloq. or Eng.), assort spec.), compact, arrangement, league
{rare). {chiefly spec?), bargain, deal, cheap (ar-
Antonyms: see object, quarrel. chaic); spec, interim, concordat, cartel or
«. covenant, stipulate, meet, engage, {German) Kartel, sponsion, affiance; see
close, arrange; see promise, contract. PROMISE, contract.
4. See ACCEDE. 4. Of sounds: assonance, consonance.
agreeable, a. 1. suitable, accordant, ac- 5. See ACCESSION.
cordable, concordant, harmonious, con- agricultural, a. rural, preedial {literary
sonant, fit, answerable, congruous, con- or tech.), georgic {literary), georgical {litr-
sentaneous {archaic); see consistent, erary), geofomc {rare).
CORRESPONDENT. agriculture, n. husbandry, farming, geo-
Antonyms: see inconsistent, unsuit- fonics {rare; usually pedantic), agronomy
able, CONTRADICTORY, INHARMONIOUS. {tech.).
2. pleasant, suave, nice (o term lacking in agriculturist, n. husbandman, farmer
dignity)^ lovely {colloq. or emphatic), gra^ {the usual word), agronomist {tech.).
cious, lief {archaic), likable, genial, con- aground, a. grounded, aland {archaic);
genial; see affable, good-humobbd, spec, ashore, stranded, struck.
COMPLAISANT, SMOOTH. Antonyms: see afloat.
Antonyms: see disagreeable, ill-tem- ahead, adv. before, on, forward, forth,
pered, ARROGANT, HAUGHTY, HATEFUL, forthright {archaic).
SURLY, ACRIMONIOUS. Antonyms: see backward.
8. See PLEASANT, ACCEPTABLE. aid, V. t. I. help, assist, bestead {literary),
agreeably, adv. 1. well. comfort {obs. or legal); spec, avail, abet
2. See ACCORDINGLY. {in wrongdoing), reUeve, sustain, uphold,
agreed, a. concerted, stipulated, con- patronize {rare or spec), succor, befriend,
tracted, covenanted, consented, arranged. favor, serve, subserve, coassist {rare),
agreeing, a. 1. accordant {obs. or rare), strengthen, speed {archaic), hand; see
agreeable {obs. or rare), congruent, con- SUPPORT.
sentient, consent! ve {rare), consensual, Antonyms: see hinder, defeat, oppose.
consentaneous, concentual {fig.). "Agree- 2. further, promote, advance, strengthen,
ing" is not much used as an adjective; the support, second, foster, nourish, favor,
other terms are rare or literary. facilitate, bolster {vnth "up"), boost {col-
Antonyms: see dissentient, discor- loq. or slang; U. S.); spec, prosper, sub-
dant, CONFLICTORY, INHARMONIOUS, DIS- sidize, encourage, patronize.
PUTATIOUS. Antonyms: see hinder, defeat, blight,
2. Referring to sound: assonant, conso- PREVENT, oppose.
nant. aid, n. 1. cooperation {stilted or spec), as-
agreement, n. 1. accord, accordance, con- sistance, help, aidance {rare), comfort
cord, consistence, consistency, coinci- {obs. or legal); spec, abettal or abetment
dence, harmony, chime, correspondence, {in wrongdoing), sustenance {rare or liter-
concert {literary), concinnity {literary), ary), support, succor, strengthening, ser-
consonance, unison, match, consort vice, boot {archaic), suppeditation (rare),
{rare), conformity, concentus {rare), line, sustainment {rare), relief; see support.
keeping, consonancy, congruence, con- Antonyms: see hindrance, defeat, op-
gruity, coherence, conformation; see con- position.
sistency. 2. furtherance, fosterage, nourishment,
Antonyms: see inconsistency, dis- advancement, support, favor, sustain-
agreement, conflict, difference. ment {rare), promotion, boost {colloq. or

US' Cross references; see Note. agonize, v. i.: suffer, struggle. agrarian: rural.
agonize, v. t.: pain. agony; pain, ecstasy. sdbead: forward.

XS" See Notes of Explanation.

13
 —

v. S.), maintenance, conduce-
ment (rare); spec, patronage.
Antonyms: see obstacle, hindrance,
DEFEAT, PREVENTION, OPPOSITION.
8. See AIDER.
aider, n. 1. helper, associate, assistant,
coadjutor (rare or spec), coadjutant
{rare), helpmate or (the original, but now
the hss usual, form) helpmeet; spec, co-
worker, cooperator, ally, henchman, tool,
stool, decoy, acolyte, second, etc.
2. promoter, fm-therer, favorer, etc. Cf.
AID, V. t.
ail, V. t. 1. Referring to the body: affect,
trouble, distress.
2. Referring to the mind: see trouble.
ailing, a. invalid, indisposed, unwell, ill
(chiefly predicative), sick (chiefly U. S. or
literary); spec, sickness, sickly, sickish,
sicklied (rare), bad (contextual), poorly,
peaked, unhealthy, morbid, puling (col-
loq.), pathological (tech.), pathologic
(rare), down (colloq.), unsound, complain-
ing, infirm, cacochymic (dbs.), maladive
(rare), valetudinarian (rare), valetudi-
nary (rare), invalidish (rare); see dis-
eased.
Antonyms: see well, HEAi/nrr, vigor- strong (contextual).
ous, HEARTY.
ailment, n. disorder, ail (rare), complaint,
indisposition, trouble, affection, ill (chiefly
in pi.), illness, sickness, infirmity, weak-
ness; spec, decline; see disease.
aim., V. t. 1. direct, train, level, point, pre-
sent; spec, fire, shoot, sight.
2. Referring to a missile: direct, drive, 2. activity, liveliness, quickness, nimble-
peg (colloq.); spec, shoot, throw.
aim, V. i. 1. point, drive; all also used fig. ness.
2. See INTEND.
aim, n. 1. object, mark, target, shot, visie
(Scot.); spec, butt, bull's-eye, white.
2. marksmanship.
3. See OBJECT.
aimed, a. directed (contextual), pointed;
spec, direct, point-blank, straight.
Antonyms: see aimless.
aimless, a. 1. chance, random, blind,
blindfold (fig.), undirected; spec, harum-
scarum.
Antonyms: see aimed.
2. See PURPOSELESS.
air, n. 1. atmosphere, heaven, aerosphere
(rare); spec, miasma.
2. Spec, manner, action, bearing, atti-
tude, way, domineer (colloq.), bridle,
flirt.
8. Chiefly in pi.: affectation (contextual).
AIDER
(chiefly in pi.; colloq., U. S.); spec.
frill
show, mannerism, style; see pretense.
4. See wind, melody.
airy, o. 1. See atmospheric, gaseous, un-
substantial, light, exposed, windy.
2. light, thin, delicate, tenuous, aerial,
ethereal, etherial, aeriform (rare), celes-
tiarC.^.).
Antonyms: see clumsy, heavy.
3. See exposed.
alar, a. Referring to the wings: alate,
winglike, wing-shaped, winged, alated.
alarm, n. 1. See fear.
2. signal (contextual), alarum; spec, toc-
sin.
alarming, a. frightful, scary (colloq.), ter-
rific (now rare, exc. as an expletive), dread-
ful,dread (rather literary or formal), ter-
rifying, terrible, startling, ghastful (ar-
chaic); see horrible.
Antonyms: see reassuring.
alarmist, n. scaremonger, pessimist, dis-
quietist (rare); spec, terrorist.
&
alas, interj. alack, ohone (Scot. Irish),
ah, woe.
Antonyms: see euhoe.
alcoholic, a. spirituous, hard, ardent,
alert, a. 1. See nimble.
2. Referring to mental quality: active,
quick, live (chiefly U. S.), lively, nimble
(rare or contextual), awake; see ready,
watchful.
Antonyms: see sluggish, stupefied.
alertness, n. 1. nimbleness (cf. nimble).
ness (rare or contextual); spec, watchful-
alienate, v. t. 1. See transfer.
separate, estrange, wean, disunite, dis-
2.
spec, disacquaint.
affect;
aligbt, V. i. 1. descend, Hght, perch, settle,
drop, pitch, fall, land; spec, ground; see
lodge.
Antonyms: see rise.
2. See dismount.
3. Spec, detrain.
align, V. t. range, line (with "up"); spec.
coUimate (tech.).
alike, a. 1. same, like, identical, selfsame
(emphatic), twin (of two); spec, oonsub-
stantial, duplicate; see equal.
Antonyms:see different, distinct.
2.See similar.
alikeness, n. 1. sameness, likeness, identi-
ty, etc.
2. See similarity.

f^' Cross references; see Note. alack: alas. alarum: alarm.

air, V. i.: ventilate, ex-press, dis- alacritous; ready. alcove: recess.
play. alamode: stylish. alias, a.: otherwise.
aisle: body, alley, alarm, v. t.: frighten. alias, n.: name.
akin: related. alarmed: afraid. alien: foreign.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

14
 —

AMALGAMATE
all, a.whole, any (in sentences of universal aloft, adx. 1. above (coniexlual), on high;
exdusion, as in "there is no hope of any spec, heaven-high, overhead.
relief," ' I cannot give you any encourage- 2. See UP.
ment"), every (distributive), each (implying alone, a. soUtary, only (rare), single
separation in consideration or treatment);
— not truly synonyms of "aU" rurr of each
(now rare), sole (archaic), isolated, sep-
arate, lone (poetic or archaic), lonely (em-
other, but often analogous in use.
Ehatic), lonesome (rare), solus (masc;
Antonyms: see few, many. atin), sola (fem.; Latin); spec, unac-
all, n. whole, entirety, everything, every- companied, unattended, forsaken, de-
body; specific or partial synonyms only. serted, abandoned, detached, compan-
See WHOLE. ionless, desolate.
Antonyms: see part, none. alone, adv. 1. soUtary, only (rare), separ
alley, n. Spec, frescade (rare), mall, lane, rately, solely, singularly (rare).
aisle (an inaccurate use), bjfway. 2. See ONLY, merely.
alley, n. taw. aloof, a. apart, distant, off, away.
all-healing, a. panacean (learned). aloud, adv. 1. out, audibly.
allied, a. t. See united, related. Antonyms: see silently.
2. In scientific usage: kindred, related, 2. See loudly.
congeneric, cognate, akin. alphabet, n. Christcross-row (hist, or ar-
Anionym^: see unrelated. chaic), letters (pi); spec, ogham or ogam,
allowance, n. 1. See permission, ac- glossic, glossotype, palseotype, futhorc.
knowledgment. also, adv. besides, moreover, more, like-
2. Spec, fee, aid, share, subvention, com- wise, too, further or (less usual) farther,
mission, pension, livery (historical), viati- yet, similarly, withal (archaic), forby (ar-
cum, pin money, quarterage, pittance; see chaic), furthermore or (less usual) far-
SUBSIDY, PEE, COMMISSION. thermore, therewithal (archaic), eke (ar-
8. Ration (chiefly mil. or formal), feed chaic), thereto (archaic).
(colloq.); spec, dietary. altar, n. shrine, sanctuary; spec, super-
4. Ins'ports: odds (pi. & sing.), law (tech.); altar, chantry, marae, thymele. Com-
spec, bisque. munion table. Lord's table, Holy table,
alloy, n. 1. See mixture, admixture. table (for short).
3. garble (rare); spec, amalgam, spelter alter, v. t. modify, change; spec, interpo-
(rare), brass, bronze, latten, temper, late; see PALSIEY, CHANGE.
pinchbeck, billon. Antonyms: see continue, maintain, fix.
alloy, V. t. 1. adulterate, mix, temper; alternate, v. t. interchange, vary, rotate;
spec, amalgamate. see reciprocate.
Antonyms: see purify. alternation, n. interchange, interchange-
2. See moderate, mix. ableness, variation, rotation; see recipro-
alluvium, n. deposit (coniextiud), wash cation.
(conlexlual) spec, geest, drift, gravel, alternative, n. choice, side, horn (of a
;

sand, waste, till, delta, warp. dilemma; rhetoric and logic), disjunction
ally, n. 1. associate, confederate. (logic).
Antonyms: see enemy, opponent. although, conj. notwithstanding, though,
2.In scientific classification: congener. howbeit, albeit, maugre (archaic), despite
alms, n. dole, charity; spec, pittance, (literary or learned).
maundy (Eng.). always, adv. 1. ever (archaic or literary).

XS" Cross references; see Note. allied; united, related. ally, t>. t.: unite, league.
aliment, n..- food. allocate: place, apportion, ar- almighty; omnipotent.
aliment, v. t: feed. range. almost: about.
aUmentary: nutritious. allocation: placing, apportion- almshouse; poorhouse.
alimentation; nutrition, feed- ment, arrangement. along, adv.: lengthwise, for-
ing, [sensitive. allot: apportion, appropriate. ward.
alive: living, lively, swarming, allotment: apportionment, ap- along, prep.: by.
allay: appease, abate, mitigate, propriation, share. alongside: abreast.
moderate, calm. allow; acknowledge, concede, ap- aloof: apart.
fUlegation: statement. portion, permit, grant. already: before.
allese: state. fdlowable: acceptable, permis- alterable; cttangeable.
allegiance: constancy. sible. alterative: changing.
allegorical: metaphorical. all-powerlul: omnipotent. altercate: dispute.
all-embracing: comprehensive. allude; refer. altercation: dispute.
alleviate: mitigate. allure: attract. alternately; about.
alleTiation: mitigation. allurement: attraction. altitude; height.
alleviatlve: mitigatory, alluring: attractive. altogether; absolutely.
alliance: union, confederacy, allusion: reference. amalgam; aZloy, mixture.
relation, amour. allusive: referential. amalgamate: aUoy, mix.

V^ See Notes ot Explanation.

15
 —

AMANUENSIS
perpetually, eternally, evermore (archaic 2. See reformation.
or literary), everlastingly, forever. amidst, prep. 1. Referring to position in
Antonyms: see never. or near the middle: amid (poetic or formal),
2. See CONSTANTLY. mid or often (as an aphetic form) 'mid
amanuensis, n. scrivener, scribe, writer; (poetic), midst or often (as an aphetic
contextual); spec, khoja.
(all three form), 'midst (archaic).
amateur, n. Spec, dilettante, Corinthian 2. See among.
(fig.). ammunition, n. supplies (pi.; contextual),
anxateurish, a. nonprofessional; spec. munition (often in pi.);
spec, missiles
Corinthian (fi^.). (pi.), archery, powder, shot (pi.), bullets
Antonyms: see professional. (pi.), shell (pi.), etc.
amatory, a. erotic, amorous, lovesome among, prep, amongst (less ysual than
(archaic); gallant (rare), tender,
spec, among, esp. in the primary local sense),
languorous, languishing, Anacreontic amidst, in.
(rare), Sapphic (rare), siUy (rare orcolloq.), amount, n. 1. See SUM, AGGREGATE,
spoony (colloq. or slang); spec, toysome, quantity.
erotomaniac, nymphomaniac. 2. deal, lot (colloq.); spec, quantity.
Antonyms: see man-hating, woman- amount, v. i. total.
hating, APATHETIC. amour, n. 1. See love.
ambiguous, a. uncertain, doubtful, equivo- 2. love affair, loves(pi.), intrigue (corir-
double, questionable,
cal, dilogical (rare), textual), gallantry, alliance (contextual),
mistakable; spec, left-handed, oracular. amourette (dim.); spec, intimacy (euphe-
Antonyms: see definite, TrNQUBSTiON- mistic) ; see courtship.
ABLE. amputate, v. t. sever (contextual); spec.
ambition, n. 1. See desire. prune.
2. energy, activity, push (colloq.), emula- amulet, n. periapt (rare), charm, talis-
tion, aspiration. man; spec, phylactery.
ambitious, a. 1. See desirous. amusing, a. diverting, light, funny, odd
2. energetic, active, pushing (colloq.), (colloq.), good, dehcious; see laughable.
pushful (coUoq.); spec. Icarian (fig.). Antonyms: see dull, sad, serious,
Antonyms: see lazy, unambitious. SOBER.
3. Referring to a person, his imagination, analogous, a. parallel, correlative, corre-
etc.: spec, bold, audacious, aspiring, soar- sponding, similar, cognate, equivalent,
ing. correspondent.
4. Referring to what shows ambition: spec. Antonyms: see opposite, contrasting.
bold, audacious; see pretentious, showy. analogue, n. parallel, correlative, corre-
Anionyms: see simple. late (rare), parallelism, equivalent.
amble, n. Spec, jog-trot, dog-trot, niggle; Antonyms: see opposite, contrast.
see pace. analogy, n. parity (rather literary or learn-
ambush, n. trap (contextual), ambuscade, ed), correlation, equivalence, parallelism,
ambushment, bhnd, bushment (obs.). proportion (rare), similarity, correspond-
ambush, trap (contextual), waylay,
v. t. ence.
ambuscade, forelay (obs. or dial.), wait Antonyms: see contrast, opposition.
(archaic). analysis, n. 1. separation, resolution, dis-
ambush, v. i. wait (archaic), lurk (rare). section, division, anatomy (fig.), reduc-
amend, v. t. 1. improve, reform, mend tion; spec, partition, pilpul; see decom-
(rare or dial.), rectify (rare); see cobrect, position, disintegration.
REDRESS. 2. In grammar: parsing, construction;
Antonyms: see spoil, impair. spec, scansion.
2. See REFORM. analytical, a. divisive, resolvent, separa-
amendable, o. improvable, corrigible, re- tive.
formable; see corrigible. Antonyms: see composittvb.
amendment, n. 1. improvement, reform, analyze, v. t. 1. separate, resolve, dissect,
reformation; spec, progress; see correc- anatomize (fig.); spec, partition; see de-
tion, redress. compose, disintegrate.
^^ Cross references: see Note. amenable: accountable. amnesty: /or^et/uZness, pardon.
amass: accumulate. amends : compensation. amorous: amatory.
amaze: surprise. amenity: pleasantness. amorphous: formless.
amazement: surprise. amerce: fine. ample: abundant, adequate.
amazing: surprising. amiable: lovable, kindly. amplify: enlarge
ambit: circuit, bound. amicable: friendly, amplitude: aburtdance, size,
ambrosial: divine, fragrant. amiss: wrong. amuse: divert.
ameliorate: improve, mitigate. amity: peace. amusement: diversion.
fW See Notes of Explanation.
16
 ANNEXED
Antonyms: see compose. or died.), dander (colloq., U. S., or dial.),
2. In grammar: parse, construe; spec. despite (archaic), corruption (colloq. or
scan. dial.), irritation (contextual); spec, fury,
anarchical, a. lawless, ungovemed. frenzy, rage, passion, furiousness, exas-
Antonyms: see law-abiding. peration, furiosity (rare).
anarchistic, a. red {colloq.), lawless; spec. Antonyms: see pleasure.
nihilistic, dynamitic. anger, v. t. exasperate madden, provoke,
anarchy, n. misrule, lawlessness; spec. incense, inflame, excite (contextiml); spec
nihilism, dynamitism. chafe, enrage, infuriate, huff (coUoq.).
Antonyms: see government. Antonyms: see please.
anatomize, v. t. dissect; spec, hominisect, angle, n. 1. corner, bend (primarily spec),
vivisect. point; spec, cant, nook, elevation, de-
anatomy, n. 1. dissection; spec, homini- pression, shoulder, elbow, knee, crotch,
section, caUisection, sentisection, vivisec- cusp, buU's-nose.
tion, phytotomy, topography, zootomy. 2. See POINT, FISHHOOK, ASPECT.
2. jSee SKELETON, ANALYSIS. angry, a. displeased, wrathful, wrathy
ancestor, n. predecessor {contextual), an- (colloq.), incensed, irate or ireful (literary),
cestry (o collective), forebear (orig. Scot.; wroth {rhetorical), dark {fig.), hot (colloq.),
now literary), stock (o collective), fore- heated, black (fig.), mad (colloq.), riley
elder {rare), forerunner; spec, root {fig.), (colloq., U. S.), huffy {colloq.), exasper-
patriarch, progenitor, forefather, father, ated, wood (archaic); spec furious, in-
ancestress, grandam {literary; fig.), pro- furiated, infuriate {literary), passionate,
genitress, progenitrix, foremother {rare). impassionate {rare), rabid, raging, in-
Antonyms: see descendant, offspring. dignant, fevered, fiery, high, rough.
ancestral, a. forefatherly; spec, patrimon- Antonyms: see pleased, apathetic, un-
ial, hereitary. IMP ASSIGNED.
ancestry, n. lineage, progeniture. angular, a. cornered, sharp, edgy, ab-
anchor, t. Spec, kedge, bower, sheet rupt, cranky (esp. dial.; Eng.), angulous
anchor, killick {chiefly Eng.), grapnel. (rare).
2. iSee HOLD. Antonyms: see straight, curved.
anchorage, n. riding, berth {contextual); animal, n. 1. organism {contextual); spec.
spec, harborage, roadstead, road. invertebrate, vertebrate, brute, beast,
ancient, a. jid {contextual), early {con^ zoon (tech.), vermin, creature {in U. S.
textual), primitive, high, pristine (usually esp. of cattle), fauna (o collective), flesh (a
in a good sense), vetus {Latin); spec, pre- collective). "Animal," except in technical
historic; see ANTIQUATED, OBSOLETE. usage, is generally distinguished from
Antonyms: see new, modern, recent. "man" and also is chiefly used of verte-
ancillary, a. auxiliary, subordinate. brates.
andiron, n. fire-dog or {for short) dog. 2. Spec beasthness, brutality, bestiality,
anecdote, n. account {contextual), inci- brutishness, blood (fig.).
dent {contextual); spec, haggada. animal, a. 1. Spec, bestial, brutal, brut-
angel, n. 1. spirit {contextual), celestial ish, zooid (tech.), zoic (tech.), holozoic
{contextual); spec, cherub, seraph, virtue, (tech.).
archangel, principality, power, throne, Antonyms: see spiritual, human, veg-
dominion, Ariel, BeUal, Gabriel. etable, MINERAL.
2. See MINISTER, DEMON, GENIUS. 2. See SENSUAL, unreasoning.
angelic, a. 1. celestial {contextual), se- animate, v. t. 1. energize, inspire, quicken
raphic {chiefly spec), cherubic {chiefly (archaic), vivify, vitalize, enliven {rare),
spec). actuate (contextiml), inform (literary or
2. iSee HEAVENLY. spec), imbue, activate {tech.), spirit
anger, n. ill-temper {contextual), displeas- (rare); spec, pervade, revive, raise, spir-
ure {contextual), choler {literary), ire {lit- itualize.
erary), wrath, indignation, indignance Antonyms: see kill, paralyze.
{rare), indignancy {rare), spleen, dudgeon 2. See enliven, incite, encourage.
(archaic), madness {colloq.), vexation, ankle, n. tarsus (tech.).
gaJI, bile, heat, mad (slang; colloq., U. S., anneal, v. t. temper, toughen; spec. bake.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. anew: ogam. animated: living, active.
anathema: curse. anguish: pain. animosity: iZl-'wiU.
anchoret: religious, hermit. animadTersion: comment, cen- annex; add, attach.
anchorless: afloat. sure. annexation: addition, attach-
anclentness: age. animadvert: comment. ment.
snent: abrnU. anlmalize: brutalize. annexed: adjunct.

fS" See Notes ot Explanation.

17
 —

ANNIHILATE
annihilate, v. t. abolish (contextual), de- annoying, a. displeasing (contextu/d), vex-
stroy, obliterate, dissolve, nullify (rare), atious, plaguesome plaguey (col-
(colloq.),
efface (contexlvm), uncreate, blot {cori/- loq.), thorny, painful, worrisome, irksome.
textual), unmake (rare), extinguish, an- Antonyms: see calmative, sedative.
nul (rare), discreate {rare), nothing (rare); annual, a. yearly.
see EXTIRPATE. annular, o. ring-shaped, round (context-
Antonyms: see create, preserve. ual), annulated, annulate, cricoid (tech.;
anniversary, n. mind day (obs.); spec. chiefly spec.).
centenary, centennial, triennial quadren- anoint, v. t. anele (archaic), oint (archaic),
nial, quinquennial, sextennial, septennial, inunct (chiefly spec; rare), smear (now
octennial, decennial, birthday, birthnight, only contemptuous); spec, oil, grease,
jubilee, year day (obs.). chrism, balsam, salve.
annotate, v. t. gloze, gloss, commentate anonymous, a. nameless, unnamed, un-
(rare); spec, marginahze (rare), margin, known (a loose contextual use).
interUneate. another, o. Spec, second, other (archaic
annotation, n. 1. Referring to the act: or rare), different.
glozing, glossing, commentation (rare). answer, v. i. 1. Referring to making de-
2. Referring to the result: comment (con- fense against a charge, as in law: defend,
textvm), note (contextual), gloss, schoUum plead (law); spec, reply, rejoin, rebut,
(tech.), gloze; spec, margin (rare), mar- surrejoin, surrebut.
ginaUa (pi.), interUneary, postil (hist.). 2. reply, respond, retort, return (context-
annotator, n. commentator, glossist, glos- ual), rejoin, rephcate (rare); spec, sub-
sator, glosser, glossographer (rare), scho- join, recriminate.
hast (tech.). 3. react, respond; spec, counteract.
announce, v. t. advertize, intimate, de- 4. See AGREE, SERVE.
clare, tell, herald, bruit (literary), notify, answer, v. t. 1. As in law: defend.
signify, signal, annunciate, enunciate (for- 2. reply, respond, retort, rejoin, say (cotir
mal), enounce (rare); spec, sound, usher, textual), replicate (rare).
call, denounce, presage, advertize, bill, Antonyms: see question.
post, cry, bulletin; see proclaim. 3. acknowledge; spec, receipt.
Antonyms: see hide. 4. solve.
announcement, n. intimation, annunci- 5. See SATISFY, settle.
ation, notification, declaration, notice, answer, n. 1. As used in law: defense,
advertizement, enunciation (formal); spec. plea; rebutter, reply, rejoinder,
spec,
indiction, banns (pi.), bulletin, obituary, rephcation, surrejoinder, surrebutter.
obit (archaic), proclamation. 2. reply, response, retort; spec, coun-
annoy, v. t. distress (contextual), disturb terblast, countercharge, contraremon-
(contextual), vex, touch, plague, tor- strance, repartee, antiphony, subjoinder,
ment, harass, irk (archaic), curry (fig.), oracle,anthem.
pester, exulcerate (archaic), fret, molest Antonyms: see question.
(archaic), displeasure (rare); spec, nag, 3. acknowledgment; spec, receipt.
rag (colloq. or slang), ruffle, pinprick, ear- 4. solution.
wig, bore; see irritate, trouble, tease. 5. reaction, response.
Antonyms: see please, elate, pac- answering, a. responsive, replying, re-
ify, CALM. sponsory (obs.).
annoyance, n. 1. distress (contextual), antedate, v. 1. 1. precede (in time), predate.
disturbance (contextuul), harassment, ex- Antonyms: see postdate.
ulceration (rare), molestation (archaic); 2. mistime (contextual), anachronize
see irritation. (rare).
S. Referring to what annoys: vexation, antediluvian, a. prediluvian, antedilu-
plague, thorn, torment, pest, pester, nui- vial, predUuvial.
sance, gall, bore see irritation, trouble.
; anteprandial, a. preprandial; both rare.
Antonyms: see comport. anteroom, n. vestibule; spec, hall, lobby,,
3. Referring to the state of mind: vexa- antechamber.
tion, displeasure, disquiet, ruffle; see ir- anthem, n. respond (rare), responsory;
ritation. spec, offertory.

tW Cross references: see Note.

 —

APPALL
anthologyf n. posy (rare), cernment,
uneasiness, suspense, solici-
florilegium
(rare). tude; see APPREHENSION.
anticipate, v. t. 1. preconceive, foresee anxious, a. distressed (contextiud), trou-
(fig.), precognosce (rare); spec, hope, bled (contextual), careful (rare), uneasy,
reckon (itsed with "that" and a dependent concerned, soUcitous; see timid, appre-
clause), suspect, forefeel (rare), forebode, hensive. -

intuit (rare or tech.); see expect, fore- Antonyms: see careless, bold, calm,
taste. confident.
2. forestall, forerun, devance (rare), fore- anybody, n. any one.
come prevent (rare).
(rare), anyhow, adv. anyways, anyway, anywise.
anticipation, n. I. presentiment, fore- anything, n. aught (literary), ought (the
sight, preconception, preassurance (rare); less ustial spelling).
spec, lorefeeling (rare), reckoning, fore- apart, a. 1. separate, aloof, away, aside;
boding, hope, prolepsis, intuition; see spec, distant, foreign.
expectation. 2. See unrelated.
2. forestalment, prevenience (rare), pre- apart, adv. 1. separately, aside, away,
vention (rare); spec, prevenance. aloof, asunder.
anticipatory, a. 1. anticipant, anticipa- Antonyms: see together, adjacent,
tive, precognoscent (rare), presentient touching.
(rare); spec, proleptic (rare); see expect- 2. independently.
ant, HOPEFUL. apathetic, a. dull, phlegmatic, calm (con-
2. anticipant, prevenient (learned), pre- textual), cold, sluggish, cold-blooded, in-
venting (rare). ert (literary or learned), impassive, indif-
antlcllmaz, n. bathos (learned), come- ferent, insensible, nerveless, torpid, tor-
down (colloq.). pent (rare); spec, languid, languishing,
antidote, n. remedy (contextual), alexi- languorous, listless, letlmrgic, inexcitable,
pharmic (learned), Theriac (archaic; fig.), lackadaisical.
mithridate (obs. or hist.), counterpoison, Antonyms: see eager, excited, ardent,
obvietam (obs. or hist.); spec, counter- angry, impetuous, compassionate,
charm, countervenom, bezoar (archaic). emotional, emphatic, energetic, sus-
Antonyms: see poison. ceptible, SPIRITED, amatory, AFFEC-
antiquarian, n. antiquary; spec, archae- TIONATE, HATEFUL, etc.
ologist, archseologer (rare), palseologist. apathy, n. dullness, sluggishness, inert-
antlquarlanlsm, n. Spec, palseology, ness (literary or learned); spec, languor,
archaeology. torpor, lethargy, lassitude, calm (context-
antlquate, V. t. age, outdate, unmodern- vm), etc.
ize (rare). apiece, adv. individually, each, severally.
antiquity, n. 1. age (contextiud) , old (ar- apostasy, n. 1. recreancy, tergiversation
chaic or poetic), oldness, ancientness. (rare), abandonment, perversion, seces-
2. Referring to the people of antiquity: eld sion, lapse, relapse. Cf. backslide.
(archaic or poetic); spec, foreworld (rare). Antonyms: see constancy.
Antonyms: see modeknness, newness, 2. See desertion.
EECBNCT. apostate, n. 1. renegade, recreant, turn-
8. See RELIC. coat, pervert or (colloq.) vert, transfuge
antlers, n. pi. head, attire; both collec- (rare), tergiversator (rare); spec, back-
tives, and hunting terms. sUder.
anvil, n. stithj; (rare); spec, teest. 2. See deserter.
anxiety, n. distress (contextual), trouble apostate, a. recreant.
(contextual), care, disquiet, concern, con- apostatize, v. i. 1. renegade, secede, re-

tS' Cross references: see Note. antithetic: contrasting. aplomb, a.: vertical.
antic, a.; grotesque, frisky, buf- antitype: foreshadow. aplomb, 71.; assurance, verti-
foonish. antler: horn. cality.
antlo, n.: buffoon, caper. anyway, anyways apocalypse: revelation, dis-
anticipant: arUicipaiory, ex- apace: rapidly. closure.
pectant, apache: desperado. apocalyptic: revelatory.
antifebrile: febrifuge. apartment: room, suite, apologetic: justificatory, ex-
antipathy: aversion, abhor- ape, n.; simian, imitator. cusatory.
rence, incompatibility. ape, V. t,: imitate. apologist: justifier, excuser.
antipodal: opposite. apelike: simian. apologue: fable,
antipodes: underworld. aperient : cathartic. apology: jitstification, excuse,
antipyretic: febrifuge. aperture: opening. substitute.
antiquated: old, old-fashioned, apex: top, cusp, height. apophthegm: saying.
abaoJele, chronic. aphorism: saying. apostrophe: address.
antique: old, old-fashion^. apiary: beehive. apotheosize: deify.
antithesis: contrast. apish: simian, imitative. appall: frighten, dismay.

iS' See Notes of Explanation.

19
 APPANAGE
lapse, lapse, fall, vert {coUoq., Eng.); see 2. species {tech.), phase, guise, aspect, fig-
BACKSLIDE. ure, look, favor {archaic), face, form,
2. See DESERT. shape, surface, shadow, phantasm, ghost,
appanage, n. adjunct, appurtenance, pro- complexion, cast, color, show {now rhetor-
prium {tech.), property {contextual); spec. ical or poetic, exc. as referring to an illasory
perquisite, prerogative. or deceiving appearance), portraiture
apparatus, n. 1. rigging, machine, ma- {rare), visage spec, perspective,
{rare);
chinery, mechanism, gear, plant, enginery smoke, facies {natural hist); see aspect.
{often fig.); spec, tackle. 3. phenomenon; spec, meteor {esp. tech.).
2. See INSTRUMENT, EQUIPMENT. A. semblance; spec, likeness.
apparent, a. I. See evident. 5. jSee apparition.
2. seeming, ostensible, ostensive {rare), appease, v. t. 1. See satisfy, pacift.
semblable {rare or literary), evident (rare); 2. slake, quench, assuage, allay, mitigate,
spec, phenomenal, external, sensible; see lay {archaic); see satisfy.
PROFESSED. appeasement, n. 1. See satisfaction.
Antonyms: see hidden, actual. 2. slaking, assuagement, etc. Cf. ap-
apparently, adv. seemingly, etc., methinks pease, 2.
{archaic and usually poetic). Cf. appar- appendage, n. 1. attachment, pendicle
ent, 2. {chiefly Scot.), codicil {Jig. or spec); spec.
apparition, n. 1. See appearance. chatelaine, chatelaine {French), fob, pen-
2. specter, appearance, phantasm, phan- dant, tang, crook.
tom, image, show, shadow, umbrage {lit- 2. See process.
erary), idol {literary or learned), phasm appendix, n. attachment, addition, codi-
{rare), shape {now rare or contextual), cil {fig. or spec); spec, excursus.
phantast {rare), phantasma {rare), eido- appetite, n. 1. belly {fig.), hunger, desire,
lon {learned); spec, double, wraith, fetch, craving, maw {fig. or spec); spec, malacia
double - ganger, bogy, boodie {Scot.), {tech.); see thirst.
epiphany, Christophany, blue-devils {col- Antonyms: see disgust, surfeit.
loq?), illusion; see ghost, semblance. 2. See desire.
apparitional, a. phantom, phantasmic applaud, V. t. Spec acclaim, clap, cheer,
{rare), phantasmal. encore, chirrup {Eng.; slang), claque
appeal, v. i. 1. turn; spec, refer; cf. ap- {cant or slang); see praise.
peal, n., 2. Antonyms: see condemn, censure.
2. apply, ask, pray, sue, entreat {rare), applaud, V. i. Spec, acclaim, clap, cheer,
cry 0^.), plead, go {contextual; esp. with huzza, stomp.
"up"), petition. applause, n. 1. See praise.
appeal, n. 1. As used in law: counter- 2. Referring to what is done hy way of
plea {rare); spec, recusation, plaidoyer. praise: spec plaudit {chiefiy in pi.), hand-
2. appUcation, turning, reference, address clap, clap, hozanna, huzzas {pi.).
{rare), prayer; spec, memorial. Antonyms: see condemnation, censure.
3. appUcation, request, asking, call, cry, apple, n. pome {poetic).
prayer, entreaty, plea, suit; spec, oath, apple- shaped, a. pomiform {tech.).
captation. applicable, a. 1. See ADAPTABliE.
4. See ATTRACTION. 2. suitable, usable, adaptable, devotable;
appear, v. i. 1. show {now colloq.), emerge, spec, appropriate, appropriable.
issue, peer {archaic), spring {chiefly spec), application, n. 1. apposition, touching.
offer, develop, come {contextual); spec. 2. constancy {contextual), assiduity, de-
figure, rise, sparkle, coappear, compear votion, apphance, seduhty {rare), sedu-
(law), issue, loom, glimpse {archaic). lousness, intentness, diligence, industry,
Antonyms: see disappear, vanish. attention.
2. See SEEM. Antonyms: see changeableness, indo-
appearance, n. 1. appearing, manifesta^ lence.
tion, show {colloq.), rise, apparition 3. resort, recourse, recurrence.
(learned); spec, shadow, reapparition, 4. See ASKING, APPEAL, APPKOPRIATION.
avatar, glimpse, outcrop, gleam. 5. Spec, poultice, plaster, epithem, stupe,
Antonyms: see disappearance. lotion, foment, wash, ointment, cerate.

|^= Cross references: see Note.

 APPROPRIATE
apply, V. t. 1. put {with "to," "on," or apprehensive, a. fearful {with "of," "lest,"
"upon"), use {ivith "to," "on," or or "thai"), anxious {with "for fear thai"),
"upon"), lay {with "to," "on," or "upon"), solicitous {wiih "lest"), afraid {with
bestow {archaic); spec, misapply. "that"). "Apprehensive" is used vnth
2. direct, concentrate, give, devote, ad- "of," "lest," or "that."
dress, bend, buckle, put, keep, ply {rare or Antonyms: see hopeful.
dial.); see addict. apprehensiveness, n. fearfulness, anxi-
8. See APPROPRIATE, RELATE. ety, soUcitude, fear.
apply« "• i. i- bear {toith "on" or "upon"), approacli, v. i. 1. near^ advance {context-
hold, subsist. ual), approximate, mgh {rare), advene
S. address {rare), turn, run, resort, go {rare), accede (rare), appropinquate
{contextual); see appeal. {rare); spec, borrow, verge, draw, board,
appoint, V. t. 1. ordain, prescribe, fix, or- converge, come.
der, frame, establish, determine, preap- Antonyms: see depart.
point, decree, direct, set, destine, fore- 2. approximate {as in quality, form, etc.),
ordain^ dispose; spec, redetermine. near (rare); spec, resemble.
2. designate, assign, constitute, set, fix, 8. come {contextual); referring to what —
limit, settle, cast; spec, commission, draws near in time.
place, name, detail, depute, deputize approach, v. t. near, approximate {ar-
{V. S.), delegate, prick, nominate, des- chaic), appropinquate {rare), anear (ar-
tine, attach, determine, predetermine, chaic).
locate; see apportion, appropriate. Antonyms: see avoid, leave.
Antonyms: see forbid. approach, n. 1. nearing, approximation,
8. See EQUIP. advance (contextual); spec, convergence.
appointed, a. fixed, ordained, determined, Antonyms: see avoidance, divergence.
set, etc. 2. coming.
appointment, n. ordinance, ordina-
1. 3. In pi.: advances (pi.).
tion, ordainment, establishment, disposi- access; spec, entrance.
4.
tion, determination, prescription, decree, approaching, a. 1. nearing, advancing;
direction, settlement, foreordination, pre- spec, convergent, connivent (tech.), com-
determination. ing.
S. designation, constitution, settlement, 2. See COMING (in time).
limitation; spec, commission, deputation, appropriate, ». 1. 1. take, spheterize (rare);
indiction, destination, determination, spec, misappropriate, condemn, arrogate,
etc.; see apportionment, appropria- convert, embezzle, foreclose, secrete,
tion. pocket, usurp; see convert, steal, con-
8. engagement, assignation, tryst {liter- nSCATE.
ary), meeting, date {colloq.). Antonyms: see abandon, relinquish,
4. See equip. forgo.
apportion, v. t. portion {less usual than "ap- 2. assign, appoint, allot, apply, devote,
portion"), assign, appoint, allow, allocate, dedicate (spec, or archaic), design; spec.
allot, admeasure, measure {archaic or fig.), reserve, misapply, misappropriate.
award, mete {rare), give {contextual), dis- 8. See ASCRIBE.
tribute, deal {chiefly spec); spec, award, appropriate, a. 1. See peculiar.
limit {U. S. &
Canada), dole, admeasure a. becoming, suitable, fit, fitting, meet,
{rare). condign (of punishment), felicitous (ac^
apportionment, n. assignment, appoint- tion,remark, etc.), convenient (archaic),
ment, allowance, allotment, etc. Cf. ap- convenable (obs.), feat (archaic), compe-
portion. tent (archaic), likely, proper, appropriate,
appreciative, a. sensible, sensitive. apposite, pat (chiefly spec), apt, good,
Antonyms: see unappreciative. right, sortable (archaic), idoneous (rare),
apprehension, n. fear {vnth "lest" or concinnous (rare), congruous; spec, happy,
"that"), anxiety {toith "lest"), solicitude decent, graceful, applicable; see timely.
{with "lest"), scruple {rare). Antonyms: see unsuitable, untimely.

ISf^ Cross references: see Note. appreciation: valuation, feel- intelligence, perception, expecta-
apposite: apprtypriate, relative. ing, advance, understanding. tion, fear. \gent.
apposition: applicaU(m, re- appreciative: sensitive. apprehensive: afraid, inteUi-
lalion. apprehend: arrest, capture, apprise: notify, inform.
appraisal: valuation. perceive, understand, expect, approachable: accessible, af-
appraise: value. fear. fable.
appraisement: valuation. apprehensible: understand- approbate: approve, admire.
appreciable: perceptible. able, perceptible. approbation: approval, ad-
appreciate: value, feel, advance. apprehension: arrest, capture. miration.

t9° See Notes at Explanation.

21
 ,

APPROPRIATELY
appropriately, adx. becomingly, suitably,
etc., apropos. C/. appropriate, a., 2.
appropriateness, n. becomiagness, suit-
ability, fitness, felicity, etc.
architect, n. builder (contextual), maker
(rare), constructor (contextual), master
builder (tech.); spec, ecclesiologist.
architecture, TO. structure, building, con-

appropriation, n. taking, application; struction; spec, ecclesiology.

spec, confiscation, arrogation, allotment, ardent, a. BURNING, HOT, ALCOHOLIC.
1. /See

secretion, etc. Cf. appropriate, v. t. 2. eager, impetuous, hot, warm, fiery,

approval, n. approbation, support, sanc- burning, fierce, fervent, glowing, feverish,
tion, imprimatur (spec, or fig^, indorse- fervid, perfervid (emphatic for "fervid";
ment, countenance, acceptance; spec, fa- rare), zealous, passionate, enthusiastic or
vor, fancy, auspices, visi (French); see enthusiastical (both archaic).
admiratign, praise, liking. Antonyms: see apathetic, indifferent.
approve, v. t. approbate (rare; chiefly ardor, eagerness, impetuosity, ardency,
TO.

Eng.), sanction, support, countenance, fervor, fever, feverishness, heat, glow,

sustain, pass, indorse, second; spec, en- warmth, fire, 61an (French), fieriness, ve-
courage, preconize (rare), favor, vis6; see hemence, zeal, flame, spirit, soul, verve
LIKE, praise, admire. (literary or bookish), ferventness, fervid-
Antonyms: see condemn, reprove, cen- ity (rare), perfervor (rare), enthusiasm
sure. (archaic).
approximate, rough, round, close, near;
a. Antonyms: see apathy, indifeerbnce.
— referring to approximations, numbers, etc. area, TO. Referring to an extent of land:
1.
appurtenance, n. accessory, belonging, extent, space, expanse, tract, circuit, com-
appurtenant; spec, paraphernalia (pi.), pass, field, sphere, range, scope, ground
incident (law), reqmsite, property (thea^ (contextual), size, stretch; spec, sheet, ter-
ters), props (pi.; theaters); see accessory, rain, terrane; see PIECE.
APPANAGE. 2. extent, expanse, space, room {,now
aquiline, a. Referring to the nose: hawk- chiefly spec).
nosed (rare or opprobrious), beaked, arena, to. 1. Spec circus, amphitheater,
hooked, Roman. cirque, ring, lists (pi.), cockpit
Antonyms: see pug-nosed, snub. 2. ^ee sphere.
arable, o. plowable, tillable. argument, re. 1. reason (contextual); spec.
arable, n. infield (Brit.), earthland (rare), silencer, fallacy, sophism, sockdologer
plowland. (slang, U. S.), settler (colloq.), dilemma;
arbitrary, a. 1. See absolute, capri- see reason.
cious, tyrannical, autocratic. 2. See discussion, dispute.
2. High-handed, willful, high (colloq.). aright, adv Spec rightly, correctly, just-
arbor, n. bower; spec, pergola, pandal ly, properly.
(Anglo-Indian). arise, v. i. 1. See rise.
arboreal, a. arboral, arboreous, arborous, 2. originate, spring, issue, rise, proceed,
dendral (rare). emerge, come, grow, flow, accrue, begin;
arcade, n. passage (contextual); spec, clois- see OCCUR, result.
ter, loggia (Italian). Antonyms: see die.
arch, n. cove (the ordinary hollow arch), arising, TO. 1. See rise
fornix (Latin); spec, ogive, skewback, 2. origination, spring, rise, beginning,
conch, concha, vault, invert, concamera- birth, etc. Cf. arise, v. i., 2.
tion (rare), span. aristocracy, to. 1. Referring to a form or
arch, V. t. 1. cove, vault (chiefly spec), em- principle of government: optimacy (rare)
bow (literary), concamerate (rare); spec. patriciate (rare).
hog, hump, hunch. Antonyms: see democracy.
a. span, overvault (rare), overarch. 2. See NOBILITY.
archer, n. sagittary (rare), bowman, bow- 3. As a collective: quahty (chiefly archaic
yer (rare); spec. Sagittarius. or dial.).

IS" Cross references: see Note.


ARSIS
aristocrat, n. patrician {learned), op-
timate (learned); see noble.
aristocratic, a. 1. See noble.
2. patrician {rare). [common.
Antonyms: see democbatic, plbbelajst,
arm, n. 1. wing {colloq. or humorous, exc.
spec.); spec, brachium, humerus, forearm.
9. branch; spec, inlet, estuary, fiord or
fjord; see BRANCH.
8. projection; spec, transept, jib, davit,
fluke, crane; see boom.
4. See POWER, WEAPON, SLEEVE.
arm, v. t. t. equip; spec, panoply, heel,
lead (ISd), forearm.
2. <S>ee ARMOR.
armed, a. equipped (rare); spec, pano-
plied, forearmed.
Antonyms: see trNARMBD.
armhole, n. 1. See armpit.
2. armseye (tech.), scye (rare).
armor, n. Spec, panoply, mail, bard.
armor, v. t. 1. Referring to man or horse:
arm, mail; spec, panoply, helm (archaic
or poetic).
2. Referring to a vessel, aeroplane, etc.:
protect (contextital) plate, mail (rare).
,
armored, a. mailed, mail-clad; spec, pano-
plied, loricate, iron-clad.
armpit, n. armhole, axilla (tech.).
arms, n. t. armament, armor (obs. or rare);
see WEAPON.
2. In heraldry: coat of arms or (for short)
coat, bearings (pi.; often in sing/), blazon,
ensign, blazonment, blazom-y.
army, n. 1. host (archaic or poetic), array
(archaic), force, forces (pi.), troops (pi.),
legion or (pi.) legions (orig. spec), men-
of-war (pi.; now rare or hist.), battalion
(archaic); spec, fyrd (hist.), division, corps.
2. See mtjltititdb, organization.
arrange, v. t. 1. dispose, distribute, allo-
cate (learned), lay; spec, adjust, classify,
range, rank, trim, organize, systematize,
marshal, collocate, form, array, group,
defilade, brigade, dress, pitch, echelon,
space, size, compose, recompose, order,
tidy (colloq.), drape, seriate (rare); see
ORGANIZE, pack, ADJUST.
Antonyms: see disarrange, confuse.
2. In music: spec, orchestrate, score, in- bolt, flight, sumpit, vire (hist.), quarrel.
strument. arrow-bieaded, a. sagittate, sagittated;
5. settle, accommodate, reconcile, com-
pose, compound, compromise (obs. or ar-
chaic); spec, adjust, arbitrate, mediate.
4. See AGREE, stipulate, adapt, plan.
arrangement, n. 1. disposiire, disposition,
—
allocation (learned), ordinance (now only
in literature or art); spec, systematization,
ordination, malarrangement, trim, group-
age, organization, demade, categorization,
cnronography, collocation, codification;
seeORGANIZATION, ADJUSTMENT.
Antonyms: see disorder.
2. Referring to the result: disposure, dis-
position, form, shape, etc. (mth most of the
terms under 1., above), lay; spec, make-up,
orderUness, array, schematism, cosmos.
8. In mu^: spec, orchestration, instru-
mentation, score.
4. settlement, accommodation, reconcili-
ation, composite; spec, exchange, stipu-
lation.
5. Referring to the result: settlement;
spec, mise (Eng.; hist.), bundobust (Artr
glo-Indian); see agreement.
6. See adaptation, plan, thing.
arranger, n. Spec, disposer, distributer,
classifier, marshal, etc. Cf. arrange.
arrest, v. t. 1. See stop, restrain.
2. seize, apprehend, bond (slang), nick
(coUoq. or slang), grab (colloq.), pinch
(slang), collar (slang).
arrest, n. 1. See stoppage, restraint,
imprisonment.
2. seizure, apprehension, arrestment
(chiefly Scot.), arrestation (a Gallicism,).
arrival, n. coming, access (rare), advent,
subvention (rare; chiefly spec).
arrive, v. i. come, attain (with "to"),
accede (rare), subvene (rare; chiefly spec),
reach (with "to"). "Anive" takes ''at" for
preposition.
its
arrogance, n. presumption, assumption,
pride, overweening, haughtiness, etc. Cf.
arrogant.
arrogant, a. presumptuous, overbearing,
assuming, assumptive (rare), magisterial
(bookish or learned), fastuous (rare), high-
minded, high, overweening, uppish (col-
loq.), topping; see self-important, im-
pudent, haughty, rough.
Antonyms: see agreeable, affable,
HUMBLE, submissive, BASHFUL, ABJECT,
condescending, obsequious.
arrow, n. missile (contextual), shaft; spec.
both tech.
arsenal, n. armory.
arsis, n. thesis (the original sense of "thesis"
being the same as the present common
sense of "arsis," and vice versa).

fS' Cross references: see Note. aromatic: odoroita. body, group, clothing.
armada: fieet. around: about array, v,t,: arrange, clothe.
armament: arrru, equipmeni. arouse: wake, rouse, excite. arrear: debt.
armorial: heraldic. arraign: accuse, arrive, v. t,: reach.
armory; arsenal. arrant: outrageous. arrogate: appropriate, assume,
aroint, inierj.: away. arras: tapestry, ascribe.
aroma: smell. array, n,: arrangement, army. arrowy: rapid.

tW See Notes o< Explanation.

23
 ART
art, n. 1. craft, skill {archaic); spec, trade, text, refers to one skilled in painting, sculpt-
handicraft, cacotechny (rare), discipline, ure, etc.
mystery. artistic, n. artful (archaic), daedal Cfe.);
2. See SKILL, INGENIOUSNESS, LEABNING, spec, painterly.
ABILITY. Antonyms: see inartistic.
S. craft, craftiness, wiliness, deceitful- artless, a. 1. <See uncultured.
ness, artfulness, strategy, cuiming, insidi- 2. simple, innocent, inartificial, na,ive or
ousness (rare), finesse, design, artifice, in- (less u,sual) naif, natural, guileless, ingen-
genuity, policy, slyness, subtlety or subtle- uous, straightforward, plain, unsophisti-
ness (both now rare), pawkiness (Scot, or cated; spec, nu-al, rude, homely, home-
spun, homebred; see frank.
dial.), foxiness
(rare); see —mostly withfoxery
(chiefly
trickiness;
colloq.),
spe- Antonyms: see artful, calculating,
cific implications. AFFECTED, PRETENDED, TRICKY, HYPO-
Antonyms: spec, artlessness, frankness CRITICAL.
(seeABTLESS, frank). artlessness, n. naivetd (French), simplic-
artful, a. 1. See skillful, ingeniotts. ity, unsophistication, ingenuousness, in-
2. crafty, sly, wily, deceitful, cuiming, artificiahty (rare), simpleness, etc. Cf.
mercurial (fig.), cautelous (archaic), subtle ARTLESS.
(now rare), subtile (obsolescent), stealthy, as, adv. & conj. 1. like (generally considered
politic, insidious (rare), versute (rare), foxy vulgar or slovenly).
(chiefly colloq.); crooked,fly (slang), paw^sy 2. See BECAUSE.
(Scot, or dial.; chiefly humorous); see ascend, v. i. 1. See rise, climb, slope.
tricky;—mostly with specific implications. 2. Referring to going back in time: mount.
Antonyms: seeartless, frank. ascend, v. t. climb, mount, rise; spec, re-
article, n. 1. piece; spec, contribution, ascend, clamber, top.
critique, review, essay, feuilleton Antonyms: see descend.
(French), appreciation, notice, paper, ascendancy, n. control, ascendance (rare),
skit, study, sketch, apology. ascendant.
2. thing (contextual), commodity; spec. ascent, n. 1. Spec, rise (which see),
export, import; see goods. climbing (cf. climb).
8. See CLAUSE, item, thing. 2. slope, rise, gradient (tech.; Eng.); see
artifice, n. 1. See art, ingeniottsness. HILL.
2. device, trick, subterfuge, shuffle, fi- ascetic, a. austere, abstemious, mortified
nesse, ingenuity (rare), maneuver, prac- abstemious.
(rare); see
tice, design, contrivance, fetch, trickery Antonyms: see self-gratifying, glut-
(rare), strategy (rare), stratagem, feint; tonous, SENSUOUS, CONVIVIAL.
spec, counterplot; see trick, pretense. ascetic, n. Spec, fakir, stylite, yogi (ffire-
artificer, n. craftsman; spec, artizan, ar- du philos.); see hermit.
tist, Daedalus (fig.). Antonyms: see bon-ytvant,
glutton,
artificial, a. factitious, made, false, made-
drinker.
up, manufactured (spec, or fi^.), painted asceticism, n. austerity, abstemiousness;
(spec, orfig.); spec, labored, unnatural, the- spec, yoga or yogism.
atrical, constrained, cultivated; see pre- Antonyms: see self-gratification.
tended, counterfeit, conventional. ascribe, v. t. 1. See attribute, accredit.
Antonyms: see natural, genuine, un- 2. attribute, assign, arrogate (literary),
constrained. appropriate.
artillery, n. ordnance, enginery (archaic); ascription, n. 1, See attribution.
spec, archery, broadside, battery, onagers 2. attribution, arrogation (literary), ap-
(pi.), trebuckets (pi.); see cannonry. propriation.
artilleryman, n. gunner; see cannoneer. asesual, a. neuter (biol.), sexless.
artist, n. artiste (French); spec, dilettante, ash, a. cinerary (literary or tech.), ashen.
pasteUist, painter, sculptor, etcher, car- ashy, a. ashen, cinereous (literary or tech.),
toonist, colorist, water-colorist, landscap- cineraceous (rare), cineritious (literary or
ist, impressionist, cubist, futurist, rapin tech.), fa villous (rare).
(French), pianist, violinist, organist, etc. aside, n. bye; spec, byplay, by-end, by-
The term artist," exc. as shown by the con- matter; see BY-WORK.

K^" Cross references:

see Note. ascendant, n.: horoscope, as- ascertainable: discoverable.
artery; channel. cendancy. ashamed: abashed.
articulate: joint, pronounce. ascending: rising, sloping. ashen: ash, ashy.
artiste; artist ascension; rise. ashore: aground.
ascendance: ascendancy. ascepticize; sterilize. aside: apart.
ascendant, a.: rising, controlling. ascertain: discover, learn. asinine: stupid.

IM' See Notes of Explanation.

24
 —

ASSOCIATE
ask, V. t. 1. With
the person as the object: aspirated, a. rough {contextual), spirated,
request; spec, beg, crave {literary or for- aspirate {rare).
mal), pray {archaic, exc. in certain phras- assail, v. t. 1. See attack.
es), entreat, beseech, petition, implore, 2. pelt, ply, storm, bestorm {rare); spec.
supplicate, dun, importune, move, plead, din, hoot.
adjure, conjvure, obsecrate {rare), sue, so- Antonyms: see defend, shelter.
licit, earwig, knee {rare), coax. assailable, a. pregnable.
Antonyms: see forbid, compel. assassin, n. Spec, thug, sicarian {rare).
2. With the thing asked for as the object: assassinate, v. t. murder {contextual), re-
rec[uest; spec, beg, entreat, implore, sup- move; spec, morganize {U. S.).
plicate, demand, petition, clamor, can- assay, n. trial, test, examination; spec, an-
vass, require, seek {archaic), exact, solicit, alysis, cupel, cupellation, docimasy.
call, invoke, cry. assembly, n. 1. See qathering, com-
Antonyms: see reject. pany.
8. See SUMMON, question, demand, in- 2. Referring to the m^rre formally organized
vite. gatherings of persons, spec: synod, salon,
ask, V. i. 1. Spec, beg, beseech, plead, ap- chapter, plenum, court, moot, conven-
peal, postulate {rare), petition, sue, clam- tion, convocation, congregation, legisla-
or,importune, entreat {rare). ture, congress, senate, house, diet, cham-
2. (See QUESTION. ber, camera {rare or hist.), cabinet, coun-
asker, n. Spec, requester, applicant, cil, parliament, meeting, chapter, cama/-
craver, supplicant, entreater, claimant, rilla {Spanish), comitia {Roman hist.),
suppliant, orator (law), etc. Cf. ask, v. t. muster; see convention, council, con-
askew, a. crooked {contextual), distorted, gregation.
awry, atwist {rare), skew, skewed; spec. assess, V. t. 1. charge, levy.
loxic. 2. See tax, value.
asking, a. 1. interrogative, interrogational, assessable, a. leviable.
interrogatory, implorative, postulatory assimilate, v. t. 1. See CONFORM, liken.
{rare). 2. adapt, absorb; spec, digest; all often
2. Spec, requesting, begging, etc., suppli- u^edfi^. of ideas.
catory, soUcitant {rare), supplicant, sup- Antonyms: see excrete.
pliant, precative, implorative, postulatory associate, n. companion, fellow, consoci-
{rare), precatory {chiefly legal or tech.), ate {rare); spec, sister, brother, conjunct
petitory {rare), petionary {rare). Cf. ask. {rare), chum {colloq.), familiar, comrade,
asking, n. 1. Spec, begging, question, re- intimate, covey {slang or vulgar), comes
quest, petition, impetration, imploration {astron.), crony, yokefellow, housemate,
(rare), application, postulation {rare), gossip, cummer {Scot.), ally, confederate,
prayer, canvass, solicitation, importunity, accomplice, shipmate, clansman, condis-
dun, entreatment {archaic), entreaty, ob- ciple (literary), privy, compeer, confrere
secration, beseechment, obtestation {lit- {obs. or rare), confrere {French), classmate,
erary or learned), imploring, imploration, messmate, convictor, cohabitant, capitu-
instancy {rare), solicitation, suit {literary), lary, neighbor, association, partner, co-
petition, suppliance, supplication, roga^ partner, consort, spouse, mate, comate
tion, comprecation; see appeal. {rare), coadjutor; see ally, sister, col-
2. Referringto what is asked: see he- league, attendant.
quest. associate, v. t. 1. join, unite, Unk, conjoin,
aspect, n. 1. See appearance, side, attach {mth "to"), combine, ally {chiefly
TACING. spec), mingle; spec pool, syndicate, bri-
2. appearance, light, angle {chiefly col- gade, regiment, consort, couple, league.
loq.), complexion, phase, face, view, look. 2. Referring to mental association: con-
aspirant, n. aspirer, seeker; spec, candi- nect, join, unite, Unk, sort {rare or liter-
date, suitor, competitor. ary), consort {rare or literary), couple,
aspirate, n. spiritus, breathing, aspiration. mingle.

t^^ Cross references: see Note.
askance: obliquely.
aslant: sloping.
asleep: sleeping, numb.
aslope: sloping,
asperity: roughness, acrimony.
asperse: sprinkle, disparage.
aspersion; sprinkling, dispar~
agement.
asphyxiate: suffocate.
asphyxiation: suffocation.
aspiration: aspirate,
ambition.
aspire: desire, rise.
asquint, adv.: obliquely.
asquint, a.: squint-eyed.
ass: donkey, blockhead,
assault: attack.
assent, v, i,: accede.
assent, n.: accession.
assert: maintain, state.
assets: property.
desire, asseverate: state.
assiduous: diligent, constant,
active, persistent.
assign: appoint, refer, appor-
tion, appropriate, adjudge, as-
cribe, attribute, transfer.
assist: aid, contribute.
assist: seme.
assistance: aid, contribution.
assistant, a.: accessory, helpful.
assistant, n.: aider.

fS" See Notes ol Explanation.

25
 ,

ASSOCIATE
associate, v. i. 1. unite, combine, join, con- assuming, a. presuming, nervy (slang),
join, consoeiate (rare), mingle; spec, mis- presumptuous, immodest (rare), assump-
sort (rare), mingle, mix, neighbor, herd; tive, hoity-toity (usually implying pett^
hobnob. lance or ilhtemper), superior, forward,
2. companion (rare), consort (literary or lofty; see arrogant.
formal), fellow (rare), assort (rore), fellow- Antonyms: see abject, modest, unpre-
ship, accompany (rare), train (slang), con- tentious.
soeiate (rare), sort (dial, or archaic), for- assumption, n. 1. taking; spec, reassump-
gather; spec, sororize (rare), fraternize, tion.
mingle, mix, neighbor, clique, crony 2. supposition, supposal (rare), sappo-
(rare), herd, haunt (rare, exc. of ani- sure (rare), postuTation, presui)position,
mals), missort (rare), hobnob; see con- presupposal (rare), presumption, hy-
VEBSE. pothesis (tech. or learned).
association, n. 1. joining, union, connec- Antonyms: see denial.
tion, conjunction (rore), linking, conabi- 8. Referring thing assumed: postu-
to the
nation, alliance (rare, exc. spec), mingling; late (logic, etc.), hypothesis (tech. or
see UNION. learned), suppose (rare), fiction; spec.
2. company, companionship, fellowship, make-believe, datum, premiss, condition,
consociation (rare), consort (literary), principle. The terms under sense 2 are
consortion (rare); spec, comradeship, also used concretely.
comradery (rare), camaraderie (French), 4. affectation, investiture, enduement
confraternization (rare), fraternization, (literary), striking, etc.
complicity. 5. presumption, superiority, loftiness,
3. body; spec, company, society, band, nerve (slang), cheek (slang), forwardness;
troop, crew, gang, clan, concern, conso- see arrogance.
ciation, pool, trust, combine, hong (Chi- assumptive, a. 1. See assuming, arro-
nese), hoey (Chinese), Burschenschaft gant.
(German), bond (Dutch), league, craft, 2. suppository, postulative, presupposi-
trade, profession, brigade, union, mys- tory.
tery, college, Athenseum, guild, board, assurance, n. 1. warrant, certification;
fellowship, academy, order, sodality, spec, reassurance.
brotherhood, sisterhood, institute, con- 2. confidence (contextual), seU-assurance,
gregation, communion, connection, somaj sufficiency, self-confidence, self-rehance,
(India), fratry (obs. or hist.), choir, chan- self-possession, aplomb (Frerec/i), self-
try, ku-klux, chapter, camorra, organizar trust, self-security (rare), self-sufficiency,
tion, corps, hunt, clique, carbonarii (pi.; plerophory (rare); spec, overconfidence,
Italian); see convent, party, company, overtrust (rare), bumptiousness, cool-
PARTNERSHIP, CORPORATION, FIRM, CLUB, ness, cocksurene.ss, nerve (slang), cheek
UNION, SISTERHOOD. (slang); see boldness, presumption, im-
assume, v. t. 1. take (as a partner into asso- pudence.
ciation); spec, reassume, arrogate. Antonyms: see timidity, doubt, dis-
2. postulate, suppose, fiction (rare), feign, trust, BASHFULNESS, EMBARRASSMENT.
presume, presuppose, say (used in the im^ 3. jSee GUARANTEE, INSURANCE.
perative), hypothesize, hypothetize (rare), assure, v. t. 1. warrant, tell (contextual),
posit, pose (rare), beg (chiefly in "to beg certify, resolve (a reflexive); spec, reassure;
the question"). see convince.
Antonyms: see deny. Antonyms: see disconcert, embarrass,
8. affect, take (a character), invest (one- intimidate.
self with), endue (literary), strike (an atti- 2. See INSURE.
tude); spec, reassume; see act. assured, a. confident (contextvMl) , self-as-
Antonyms: see doff. sured, self-confident, seH-reliant, immod-
4. take (as in "to take the shape of"). est (rore), self-assertive, seU-possessed;
5. iSee undertake, don. spec, bumptious, cool, overconfident,
assume, v. i. presume, venture. flush (rore), Icarian (fig.), independent,
assumed, a. supposed, hypothetical, hy- cra,nk (dial.), nervy (slang), cheeky (slang)
pothetic, supposititious, suppositional, presumptuous see bold, impudent, self-
;

suppositive, fictional, fictionary (rare), assertive, DECIDED.

presupposed, presumptive, paper (col- Antonyms: see abject, doubtful, tim-
loq.); spec, given. id, distrustful, bashful, hesitating.

C^ Cross references: see Note. assorted : classified. assuage : miiigate, appease, satisfy.
assort, V. t.: classify, class. assortment: dassificalion, col- assuaslve: mitigatory.
assort, V. i.: associate. lection, variety. assuredly; truly.

^(S" See Notes of Explanation.

26
 ATTEND
assuring, a. Spec, reassuring, comfort- attachable, a. Spec, fastenable, annex-
able, encouraging, emboldening. able, connectable, appendable, etc. Cf.
Antonyms: see depressing, horrible. attach.
astern, adv. 1. aft, abaft (as in "the gale attachment, n. 1. joining (contextual),
was abaft"). union (contextual), connection, annexa-
2. See BACKWARD. tion, affixture (rare); spec, confixation
astir, a. active, moving; spec, agog; see (rare), sub junction (rare), appending,
AFLOAT. binding.
astray, a. 1. lost, wandering. 2. Spec, fixture, aflfix, annex, postfix, ap-
2. abroad, out, wide, oflE (coUoq.). pendicle, appendix, insertion, fixtures
astringent, a. constrictive, styptic; spec. (pi.; chiefly U. S.); see appendage.
puokery, haemostatic, rough, bmding (col- 3. See joining, addition, affection,
loq.). LOVE.
astrologer, n. Chaldean (fig.), astrologian attack, V. t. 1. assault, assail, engage, en-
(rare), cock (fi^.; poetic). counter, attempt (archaic), aggress (rare;
astronomy, n. Spec, astrology, astrom- V. i. only), tackle (colloq.), storm (chiefly
ancy, meteoroscopy, uranology, uranog- spec); spec charge, ply, beset (literary),
raphy, astrophysics, astrochemistry, as- strike, bait, torpedo, mob, grenade, rush,
trophotography. flank, surprise, fusillade, storm, raid.
asylum, n. 1. iSee refttoe. Antonyms: see defend, protect, shel-
2. home (contextual), college (chiefly ter.
Eng.); spec, madhouse, sanitarium, beth- 2. sense: assail, impugn
In a nonphysical
lehem (rare), bedlam
(archaic). see dispute, oppose, accuse.
(literary);
at, prep. 1. Referring to place: in, to Antonyms: see defend.
(U. S. or dial. Eng.). 3. See censure, affect, begin.
2. Referring to time: in, to, by. attack, n. 1. assault, assaihnent, aggres-*
atheistic, a. godless. sion, encounter, set, onset, offense, oppug-
athlete, n. Spec, boxer, fighter, pancra- nation (rare); spec, charge, onslaught,
tiast, acrobat. stroke,musketade, battery, camisade or
Antonyms: see weakling. camisado (archaic or mil.), descent, bom-
athletic, a. 1. palsestral (rare); spec. bardment, connonade, raid, sally, sur-
agonistic, gymnastic, acrobatic. prise, escalade, surprisal, shock, storm.
2. See STRONG. Antonyms: see protection, defense.
athletics, n. Spec, gymnastics, agonis- 2. In a nonphysical sense: assault, im-
tics, acrobatism. pugent (rare), crusade; see accusation.
atmospheric, a. airy, aerial, elemental 3. access (tech. or literary), onset, seizure;
(referring to atmospheric forces), meteoric spec epidemic; see fit.
(tech.). 4. See beginning.
atomize, v. t. comminute, spray, reduce attempt, v. t. try, essay, assay (archaic),
(contextual); spec. nebuUze. offer, make, undertake, endeavor (ar-
atomizer, n. sprayer; spec, odorator, chaic), enterprise (archaic); spec venture.
nebulizer. attempt, n. trial, try (coUoq/), endeavor,
atone, v. i. pay (with "for"). venture, slap (colloq. or slang), offer (rare),
attach, «. t. 1. take, seize, nail (obs. or whack(slang), shy (slang), essay (archaic
sUmg); spec, garnishee. or literary), set, assay (archaic), under-
2. join (contextual), add (contextual), taking.
unite (contextual), connect, fasten, fix, af- attend, vi t. 1. tend (now rare, archaic, or
fix, annex, tie (chiefly spec), wed (fig.), bind U. S., exc spec), serve, mind, nurse,
(chiefly spec.) confix (rare); spec, append,
, keep; spec, guard, stroke, watch, feed,
chain, tag, tack, tie, tail, hook, hinge, screw, valet, midwife, wash.
pin, engraft, subjoin, barnacle (rare). Antonyms: see disregard, ignore.
Antonyms: see separate, detach. 2. In the sense of "to be present at": spec.
3. see join, add, associate, appoint, frequent, haunt.
attribittb. 3. See accompany, serve, follow.

1^^ Cross references: see Note. asunder: apart. atrocity: wickedness, cruelty,
astonish: surprise. athwart; across, outrage, monstrosity.
astound: surprise. atmosphere: air. attach, V. i.:stick, belong, accrue.
astraddle: bestriding. atomy: particle, pygmy. attain, v. t.: reach, get, accom-
astrlct: constrict. atomy : skeleton. plish.
astride: bestridirig. atonic: weak, unaccented. attain, v. i.: reach, arrive, come.
astrlnge: constrict. atrabilious: acrimonious. attainment: a.ecom.plish7nent.
astute: discerning, shrewd, atrocious: wicked, cruel, out- attaint, v. t.: contaminate, suXly.
subtle. rageous. attaint, n.: coniamiruition.

t3° See Notes of Explanation.

27
 ATTEND
attend, v. i. 1. See listen, sebve. attic, 71. garret, loft, cockloft (archaic; of-
a. wait, hang
[with "upon"); spec, dangle. ten spec/), soler (obs. or rare), sky parlor
3. In the sense of "to give attention": tend, (humorous or colloq.).
look {viith "after"); spec, minister (usu- attitude, n. 1. Referring to the body or
ally with "to"), care (chiefly with "for"), bodily appearance: see posture, air.
serve. 2. Referring to the mind: posture, posi-
attendance, n. 1. tendance, attention, tion, set; spec, feeling, twist, prejudice.
minding, keeping. attorney, n. 1. See agent.
2. waiting {with "upon"), hanging {with 2. In the sense of "attorney ai law": spec.
"upon"), tendance {rare); spec, service. soUcitor, curator, procurator, proctor,
3. iSee ACCOMPANIMENT, SERVICE, RETI- barrister, counselor, advocate.
NUE, COMPANION. attract, v. t. 1. See draw, catch.
attendant, a. 1. ministerial, attending; 2. draw, magnetize (fi^.), take, pull; spec.
spec, serving. drag, allure, entice, seduce (esp. to evil),
S. See ACCOMPANYING, SUBSEQUENT. soUcit, invite, tempt, attempt (archaic),
attendant, n. compamon, associate; spec. lure, bait, trap, bonnet, decoy (often fig.),
shadow, satellite {chiefly derogatory), peo- button (slang), charm.
ple {pi.), barnacle {fig.), famulus {Latin), Antonyms: see repel, disgust.
chamberlain, escort, acolyte, page, but- attraction, n. 1. Spec, affinity, gravita-
tons {colloq.), peon {India), orderly, tion, gravity; see drawing.
femme de chambre {French), courtier, 2. Referring to the act or action or quality:
courier, outrider, sergeant, henchman, draw (rare), magnetism (fig.), pull; spec.
minder, keeper, body-
gillie {Scot.), valet, allurement, appeal, seduction
affinity,
guard, caddie, cad {Eng.); see handmaid, charm, enticement, inveigle-
(esp. to evil),
NUBSE, PAGE. ment, temptation, soMcitation, glamour.
attention, n. t. consideration, observ- 3. Referring to the thing that attracts: cyno-
ance, regard, heed, respect, notice, ad- sure (chiefly literary or learned), bait, de-
vertence, thought, intentness, concentra- coy, magnet, lure, charm. Most of the
tion, ear {as in "to give ear," "to have the terms under 2 are similarly used.
ear of"), observancy {archaic); see appli- attractive, a. 1. See drawing.
cation, CARE. 2. drawing, alluring, seductive (esp. to
Antonyms: see disregard, inatten- evil), catchy (colloq.), seducing (esp. to
tion, ABSENT-MINDEDNESS. evil), magnetic, allective (rare); spec, en-
2. See civility, service. ticing, decoying, prepossessing, tempting,
attentive, a. 1. considerate, observant, taking, catchy, pleasing, psychagogic
heedful, studious, advertent {rare), re- (rare), winning, winsome, temptations
gardful, attent {archaic), awake {with (rare), charming, meretricious; see pleas-
"to"), watchful, intent (with "on"), in- ant.
centive {archaic), bent {rare, exc. in "herd Antonyms: see repellent, abominable,
in"), thoughtful, concentrated, mindful, disgusting.
careful, regardant {rare); spec, searching, attractiveness, n. 1. See attraction.
resolved, studious (unth "of"). 2. charm, grace, winsomeness, pleasing-
Antonyms: see absent, inattentive, ness.
unobservant. attributable, a. referable, referrible, as-
2. See polite. cribable, imputable, due, chargeable, ow-
attentiveness, n. t. consideration, regard, ing; spec, traceable.
heed, intentness, etc. Cf. attentive. attribute, v. t. t. refer, ascribe, assign, im-
2. See politeness, civility. pute, lay, attach, accredit, count, give,
attenuate, v. t. 1. extenuate {rare), spin place, put; spec, mother, father.
{loith "out"); spec, draw, finedraw, rope. Antonyms: see refuse.
2. See THIN, weaken. 2. See ascribe.
attenuated, u. thin; spec, drawn-out, attribution, n. reference, ascription, as-
spun-out, finespun, subtle; see slender. signment, etc. Cf. attribute, v.
attenuation, n. 1. extenuation {rare); auction, a. sale (contextual); spec, subhas-
spec, drawing, finedrawing. tation, cant (chiefly Irish), survey (dial.
2. Spec, thinning (see thin, v.), thinness Eng.).
(see thin, a.), subtlety; see slenderness, audible, a. sensible (contextual), auricular
WEAKENING, WEAKNESS. (rare), hearable (rare).

t^^ Cross references: see Note. attire, v. t.: clothe. atwist: askew.
attest: testify, authenticate, evi- attire, n.: clothing. auburn: brovm.
dence. attitudinize: pose. audacious: bold
Attic, a.: classic, refined. attune: harmonize. audibly: aloud.

B^° See Notes of Explanation.

28
 AUTONOMOUS
audience, n. 1. Referring to the act, fact, ofiicial, standard, valid, canonical, ortho-
or action: hearing, ear; spec, durbar dox, cathedral.
(East India), court. 2. commanding, imperative, dictatorial,
2. Referring to those that hear: auditory imperial (rare or allusive), jussive (rare),
{rare); spec, congregation, theater, peremptory, lordly, imperious; spec, mas-
church, gallery gods (,pl.; coUoq.), gallery, see DOMINEERING.
terful;
orchestra, pit; see hearer. Antonyms: see submissive, obedient.
auditoTium, n. auditory (rare); spec, pit, authority, n. I. power, command, domin-
parterre, parquet, cockpit, orchestra. ion, jurisdiction (chiefly spec), authoriza-
auricular, a. aural, heard (rare), auditory tion, warrant (chiefly spec), competency,
(referring to the function of the ear), otic faculty (chiefly ecd.); spec, supremacy,
(rare). canonicity, canonicalness, agency, pleni-
auspicious, a. 1. See ominous, prosper- potence, validity.
ous. See magistrate, influence.
2.
2. favorable, propitious, promising precedent; spec, decision, dictum, tes-
3.
promiseful, prosperous, white (literary), timony.
lucky, fortunate, bright, hopeful, rosy, autliorization, n. permission, license,
flattering, Favonian (rare), felicitous sanction, warrant, etc
(chiefly spec); spec, brilliant, fair. autliorize, v. t. permit, Ucense, sanction,
Antonyms: see inauspicious, ill- warrant, empower, enable; spec, commis-
omened. sion, legalize, legitimate, fiat (rare), fac-
austere, a. strict (contextual), severe, rig- ulty (chiefly ecd.).
id, stern, hard, difficult (rare), rigorous, Antonyms: see forbid.
Catonian (rare), astringent (rare); spec. authorship, n. composition (which see);
rugged; see ascetic, abstemious. spec, pencraft (rare).
Antonyms: see gentle, selp-gratify- autocracy, n. monarchy, despotism, abso-
•ING. lutism, tyranny (chiefly with reference to
austerity, n. strictness, severity, rigidity, ancient rulers); spec, czarism, tsarism,
rigor, rigorism, etc. Cf. austere. kaiserism, Csesarism.
autlientioate, v. t. 1. Spec, canonize. autocrat, n. monarch, despot (after an-
2. attest, seal (chiefly spec.),
certify, cient Greek v^age), tyrant (chiefly with ref-
avouch; spec, coattest, consign (rare), erence to ancient rulers), dictator (chiefly
countersign, certificate, test, validate. hist, and spec); spec, czar or tsar (hist.),
autlior, n. 1. originator, creator, creatress czarina or tsarina (hist.). Kaiser (hist.),
or creatrix (fem.), breeder (chiefly spec, or emperor, Csesar (hist.).
fip.), doer, maker; spec, constructor, de- autocratic, o. 1. arbitrary, despotic (after
viser, producer, inventor, begetter, father, ancient Greek usage), absolute, tyrannous
mother; see creator. or tyrant (chiefly in reference to ancient
Antonyms: see creature. rulers).
2. authoress (fem.), composer; Antonyms: see democratic, yielding.
spec.
See ARBITRARY.
writer, scribe, poet, literatist (rare), quill- 2.
driver (contemptuous), penner, penman, autograph, n. Spec, holograph, sign-
scribbler, inditer, contributor, coauthor, manual; see SIGNATURE.
pastoralist, magazinist, magaziner, leg- autographic, a. 1. autograph, manual
endary, mythologist, penny-a-liner, libret- (signature); spec, holographic, holograph.
tist, GoUard Utterateur, pam-
(hist.), 2. self-recording, ipsographio (rare).
phleteer (chiefly derogatory), paragraphist, automatic, a. 1. self-acting,
self-regulat-
paragrapher, compiler, essayist, encyclo- ing, self-moving; spec, mechanical, spon-
pedist, bluestocking (colloq.), penwoman, taneous; see AUTOMOBILE, a.
pot-boiler (colloq.), hack, prosaist, paro- 2. See involuntary.
dist, ecloguist, proser, romancer, lexi- automobile, a. automatic (contextual),
co^apher, textualist, critic, reviewer, self-moving, locomobile, locomotive
editor. "Author" is now generally used (chiefly spec), automotive.
instead of "authoress." automobile, n. locomobile, locomotive
autlioritative, a. t. potestative (rare), (chiefly spec), machine (coUoq.), motor
magisterial (rare), magistral (rare); spec. (colloq.); spec, autocar, motor-car, elec-

t^' Cross references; see Note. augur, V. i.: predict, signify. auspicate: begin.
auditory: auricular. augury: divination, sign. auspice: divination, sign (in
auditory: audience, auditorium. august: imperial, imposing. pi.), patronage.
auglit: anything, cipher. aura: emanation, exhalation, authentic: reliable, genuine.
augment: increase. sensation. authorized: accredited.
augmentation: increaee. aureate: golden, gilded. automaton: machine.
augur, n.: diviner. aureola: crown, halo. autonomous: self-governing.
(9° See Notes of Explanation.
29
 AUTUMN
trie, steamer, runabout, limousine, tour- avoidance, n. elusion, evasion, eschewal,
ing car, roadster, townoar, coup6, coupe- shunning, eschewment (rare), escape
let, sedan, convertible, truck, torpedo, (rare or obs., exc. spec), evitation (rare).
tractor, motorcycle, motocycle, cycle car. await, V. t. tarry, wait, expect (obs.), abide,

autumn, n. harvest {ohs. or dial.), fall bide; spec, watch.

{chiefiy U.S.). awake, a. 1. waking; spec, open-eyed.
auxiliary, n. secondary, subsidiary, suo- Antonyms: see unconscious.
centuriate {rare), parergal (rare); see ac- 2. See conscious, alert, attbntivb.
cessory, ADJUNCT, ANCILLARY. awake, v. i. waken, awaken, rouse.
available, a. Spec, ready, handy, con- award, n. 1. See decision.
venient, present, free, disposable, use- 2. assignment, adjudication, adjudge-
able; see ACCESSIBLE. ment (rare); see apportionment.
avalanche, n. slide, lauwine (rare); spec. aware, a. 1. cognizant, conscious, sensible,
landslide (chiefly U. S.), landslip (chiefly ware (archaic), intelligent (now rare).
Eng.), snowslide, snowshp, glissade, Antonyms: see unconscious.
(boulement (French). 2. conversant (learned or formal; with
avenger, n. Spec, revenger, Ate, Eu- "with"), informed (with "of"), acquainted
menides (i)l.), Erinnyes (pi.), Alecto, (with "with"); spec, familiar (vnth "with").
Megaera, Tisiphone. "Aware" is used with "of."
average, a. mean, medial (chiefly math.), awareness, n. Spec, cognizance, acquaint-
normal; spec, standard; see ordinary, ance, consciousness, conversance, etc.
FAIR. away, o. & adv. 1. See apart, absent.
average, n. mean, normal, run, rule. 2. off, hence.
average, v. i. run, go; spec, equate. away, interj. begone, aroint (obs. or ar-
aversion, n. dishke, repugnance, repul- chaic), hence, off (chiefly with "with"),
sion, antipathy, dyspathy (rare); spec. avaunt (a word denoting aversion; now
nausea, horror (with "of"), loathing, Rus- literary or affected), go; spec, scat, shoo,
sophobia, negrophobia, anthrophobia, boo.
gynsecophobia, Anglophobia, Germano- awe, n. abashment, fear, reverence, dread.
phobia, etc.; see abhorrence, opposi- Antonyms: see contempt.
tion. awful, a. fearful, dread, awesome, dreadful.
Antonyms: see liking, love, longing. awkward, a. 1. ungainly, uncouth, clovni-
avert, v. t. turn (chiefly with "from" or ish, gauche (French), wooden, rustic,
"away"), divert, forfend (archaic), pre- grotesque, inept, inapt (rare), gawky (col-
vent (rare); spec, parry. loq.), maladroit (literary or learned), un-
Antonyms: see incur. graceful; spec stiff, bungling, slouchy; see
aviary, n. Spec, cage, birdhouse, dovecote. CLUMSY.
aviation, n. aeronautics, flying; spec, glid- Antonyms: see graceful, skillful.
ing, soaring, climbing, aeroplaning, hy- 2. tactless, clumsy, indelicate, uneasy
droplaning, planing (colloq.), volplaning. (rare), boorish.
aviator, n. aeronaut, airman, flyer, air- Antonyms: see skillful, tactful, dip-
woman, aviatress or aviatrix, birdman lomatic.
(colloq,), birdwoman (colloq.); spec, pilot, S. See EMBARRASSING, DIFFICULT.
glider, observer, spotter (military cant), awkwardness, n. maladresse (French),
bomber, scout. gaucherie (French), rusticity, gawkiness
nvoid, V. t. 1. shun, elude, evade, escape, (colloq.), ineptitude, ineptness, inaptness
balk, bevsrare, miss (contextual), clear, flee, (rare), inaptitude (rare), ungaiminess, un-
dodge, blink, run (contextiial) help (vnth , couthness, clownishness; see clumsiness.
a clause introduced by "but"), blench axial, a. pivotal.
(rare), evite (rare), eschew (rare or obs., axiomatic, u,. self-evident, apodeictic
exc.spec); spec, boycott, double, slip. (learned), necessary; spec, gnomic, gnom-
Antonyms: see face, meet, approach, ical.
incur, undertake, court. axis, n. Spec, spindle, shaft, arbor; see
2. See INVALIDATE. AXLE.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. avenging: retribtiiive. avowal: acknowledgement, state-
avail, n.; benefit. avenue: way, road. ment.
avail, v.: benefit, aid, serve. aver: prove, state. awake, v. t.: wake, rouse, excite,
avails : -proceeda. averse: opposed, unwilling. awaken: wake, rouse, excite.
avarido is; greedy. avid: greedy, award: apportion, adjudge.
avaunt: away. avocation: business, diversion. awash: floating, afloat.
ave, V. i.: hail. avoach: autherUicaie, state, con- awesome: awfid, fearful.
ave, 71.; greeting. firm. awry: askew. \tion.
avenge: vindicate, retribute. avow: state, acknowledge. axiom: rule, saying, proposi-

ti' See Notes of Explanation.

30
 BAGGT
axle, n. axis (rare), shaft; spec, axletree, background, n. rear, distance; spec.
arbor, spindle; see pivot. groundwork, setting, distemper.
az-shaped, a. dolabriform (tech.), securi- Antonyms: see foreground.
form (rare). backslide, v. i. sUde (contextv/d; rare),
azure, a. blue [contexliud) , cerulean {liter- lapse, fail, revert, weaken, tergiversate
ary), celestic (literary or tech.), cerule (po- (rare); spec, refall (rare); see apostatize,
etic),cerulescent (rare), skyey (coUoq. or RELAPSE, desert.
undignified; rare). backward, adv. back, arear, hindward,
rearward, astern (naut. or fig.), abaft (now
only navt.), halt (archaic; now only naiU.).
babble, v. i. 1. Referring to inarticulate or Antonyms: see forward.
meaningless sounds, as of a baby, idiot, etc.; backward, a. 1. rearward, hindward,
chatter, clatter, cackle, prate, blather or back, reverse.
blither (dial.), prattle, patter (coUoq.), Antonyms: see forward, ahead.
gabble (colloq.; chiefly derogatory), chip- 2. retrogressive, retrograde, regressive,
per (rare), claver (Scot.), deblaterate recessive; see degenerative, rever-
(rare and humorous or contemptuous), sionary.
clack (chiefly derogatory), twaddle (rare), Antonyms: see progressive, precocious.
gibber (chiefly spec), jargon, jargonize 3. retrospective.
(rare); spec, drivel, rave. bad, a. 1. In the very general sense of "not
2. See CHATTEK (referring to senseless or good": poor, wretched, execrable (a hy-
trivial talk), muhmtjk (as brooks, leaves, perbolism), sad (often jocular), miserable,
TATTLE.
etc.), horrid (coUoq.; a weak hyperbole).
babble, v. t. 1. chatter, clatter, prattle, Antonyms: see good, excellent, fair,
prate, blather or blither (dial.), gabble fine.
(colloq.; chiefly derogatory). See wicked, harmful, unpleasant,
2.
3.See TELL, TATTLE. UNSUITABLE, FAULTY, IMPERFECT, INFE-
babble, n. 1. chatter, clatter, prattle, prat-
RIOR, INVALID (pron. In-varid), ailing,
ing (rare), blatter or blether or blather DANGEROUS, SEVERE.
(dial.), bibble-babble, babblement, blat- badge, n. mark (contextual), emblem, to-
eration or deblateration (rore and hv^ ken, symbol, sign, ensign (chiefly spec.),
morous or contemptuous), patter, gabble insignia (pi.; chiefly spec); spec, marker,
(colloq.;chiefly derogatory), jargon, prat- recognizance (archaic), colors (pi.), re-
tlement (rare), cackle, clack, claver galia (pi.), mon (Japanese), crest, favor,
(Scot.), clatter, clitter-clatter (rare), prit- laticlave, decoration, cockade, chevron,
tle-prattle; spec, drivel. brassard, weeper, angusticlave, rosette,
2. See CHATTER, TATTLE, MUBMUR. cordon, ribbon, button, medal, collar, etc.
babyish, a. infantine, infantile, childish, bag, n. container (cant; contextual), pouch,
dolly or doUish. case, poke (dial, or tech., exc. in "pig in a
Baoohana.1, n. 1. Bacchant (masc. or poke"), receptacle (contextual), pocket
fern.), Bacchante (fern.). Bacchanalian, (obs. or spec); spec, capsule, mail, packet,
Bacchee (pi.; fern.); spec. Thyiad (fern.), satchel, sabretache, sachet, sack, sac,
msanad (Jem.). sacklet, reticule, scrip (archaic), purse,
2. See REVELER. ditty-bag, gunny, bunt, cod, knapsack,
bacchic, a. 1. Bacchanalian, Dionjrsiac, portmanteau, haversack, dUly-bag (orig.
Dionysian, Dionysic. Australian).
2. See BEVELING. 2. See SAC.
baok, n. posterior, back side (now used only bag, V. t. pouch, sack.
of the buttocks when used as one word), bag, V. i. pouch, pocket (rore), belly, bulge
rear, arrear (archaic), backing, dorsum (contextual), swell (contextual).
(tech.); spec, behind (vulgar), breech, butt, baggage, n. 1. encumbrances (pi.), lug-
cascabel, gorge, rearward (of an army; ar- gage (chiefly British), viaticals (pi.; rare;
chaic); see BUTTOCKS, BBVEBSE. chiefly mil!), impedimenta (pi.; chiefly
Antonyms: see front. mil.), truck (colloq.), traps (pi.; colloq.),
backbone, n. 1. spine, spinal column, plunder (slang or cant), things (pi.; coUoq.;
rachis (tech.), spina (Latin; tech.), chine contextual), trap (coUoq.), dunnage (sailor's
(tech. or archaic), ridgebone (rare). slang).
2. See CONSTANCY, DETERMINATION. 2. See WANTON, GIRL.

tS' Cross references: see Note. bachelor; celibate. badger: harass, tease.
back, v.t.: support, mount, drive. badinage: pleasantry.
B backbite: censure, defame. baffle: defeat.
baa: bleat. backing; back, support. baggy: bat-shaped, flaccid.

{^ See Notes ot Explanation.

31
 — —

BAG-SHAPED
bag- shaped, a. baggy, pouchy; tech. sac- ball, globe (a reflexive), orb (a reflex-
V. t.
cate, utricular, utriculate, utriculose. ive),conglobe, conglobate, englobe, en-
bailifl, n. 1. Spec, bailie (Scot.), pursui- sphere; spec, clew; all literary or rare,
vant (Eng.), catchpoll (literary; archaic), exc "ball."
beagle (fig.), bumbailiff (contemptuous), ball, V. i. orb (rare).
constable, granger (Eng.), hundreder ballad, n. song, singsong (chiefly spec.);
(Eng.). spec, cantilena (Italian), derry (rare).
bake, v. t. cook (contextual; chiefly spec); band, n. 1. Chiefly in plural: bond; spec.
spec, burn, roast, fire, kiln. shackle, chain, fetter, trammel, bilbo,
bake, n. cook (contextual; chiefly spec); manacle, gyve, handcuff, cuffs (colloq.; pi.),
spec, roast, bum. binding; all implying restraint of per-
balance, n. I. scales (pi.). sonal liberty.
2. poise, equihbrium, libration (rare), 2. bond, tie, bind, shackle (rare or ohs.),
equipoise, equilibrity (rare), equiponder- binder, binding, vinculum (tech.); spec.
ance (learned), equiponderancy (rare); bandage, couple, strap, chain, rope, bil-
spec, isostasy, stability. Often usedfi^. o/ let, clasp, ligature, ligament, hoop, fillet,
other than physical forces. girdle, girth, tourniquet, belt, loop, bal-
3. See COUNTERPOISE, COMPENSATION, dric, bandsaw, bandoleer, thong, regula,
COMPABISON. sliver, reglet, tendon, commissure, breech-
4. Referring to character: poise, compos- ing, holdback, collar, collet, ferrule, head-
ure, equipoise, evenness; see sanity. band, fanon, fascia, parrel or parral,
balance, v. t. 1. poise, equilibrate (tech. or becket, cincture, cuff, curb, garter, gar-
learned), equUibrize (rare); spec, equate, land, noseband, cavesson, waistband; see
trim (naut^. Often used fig. of things or string, strap, ribbon.
forces other than physical ones. 3. stripe, strip, bar, belt, zone, arc, line;
Antonyms: see overturn, upset. spec, fascia, vitta, frieze, orle; see streak.
2. See counterpoise, compensate, com- 4. association, organization; spec, bri-
pare, WAVER. gade (of workers), cohort, union, chorus
3. Of accounts: equate (rare), square. (of singers), chouan (French).
balance, v. i. poise, equilibrate (rare), 5. Spec, brass, woodwind, strings (pi.),
librate (said of a bird). orchestra, Kapelle (Ger.).
balanced, a. 1. equilibrious, poised; spec. band, v. t. streak, stripe, belt, line; see
stable. streak.
2. Referring to accounts, total, etc.: even, banded, a. striped, barred, listed; spec.
square. ring-streaked, fasciated, belted.
bald, a. 1. bare (contextual), hairless, Antonyms: see uniform.
peeled (ohs. or rare), depilous (rare), pelon bandy, v. t. 1. See beat.
(as a dog; French); glabrous (tech.); spec. toss (words, names, etc.), shuttlecock
2.
beardless, whiskerless. exchange (contextual).
(rare),
Antonyms: see hairy, bearded. bank, n. 1. Spec mound, dike, shelf, ridge,
2. See bare, mere, unadorned, evi- terrace, brae (Scot.), embankment, escarp-
dent. ment, terreplein, escarp, glacis, digue
balk, V. i. refuse (rare), jib; spec. shy. (French), remblai (French); see bar.
balky, a. restiff (obs. or rare), restive. 2. brim (archaic); spec, riverside, levee
ball, n. 1. globe, sphere, orb (chiefly liter- (U. S.), rivage (poetic), ripe (rare); see
ary and spec), round (chiefly contextual); SHARE.
spec, globule, pellet, sphericle (rare), bank, v. t. 1. Spec, embank, dike, terrace,
spherule, puck, gutty (slang), grub, bowl, escarp, mound, rampart.
clew, bullet, croquette, bottom (obs.), cop, 2. See CAROM.
marble, jinglet, pigskin (colloq.), earthkin, bankrupt, v. i. break, smash (slang), bust
terella, mound, pompon; see drop. (slang, U. S.).
2. Spec masquerade, fandango (now banner, n. flag (contextual); spec penon,
rare, exc as to foreign countries), masque, oriflamme, gonfalon, gonfanon.
bantam, n. 1. See dwarf.
V^^ Cross references: see Note. balk: avoid, shirk, defeat. bane: harm, pest, evil.
bail, n.: bar. balm: mitigatory. baneful: harmful, deadly.
ball, V. t: dip. balmy: fragrant, calmative, bang, V. t.: strike, clap.
bairn: child. mitigatory, mild. bang, n.: blow, dap.
bait: worry, feed, attract. baluster: post. banish: expel.
balderdash: nonsense. balustrade: railing. banishment: expulsion,
bale, V. t: dip. ban, V. t.: curse, forbid. banister: railing.
bale, n.: evil, harm, sorrow. banal: commonplace. bank, v. i.: rely.
baleful: harmful, sorrowful, bandit: desperado. bankrupt: insolvent.
malevolent. bandy-legged: bow-legged. banquet: feast.
tS° See Notes of Explanation.
32
 — —
BASE
2. Referring to a self-important fellow: bareheaded, a. Spec, uncovered, ton-
cockalorum, whippersnapper, skipjack (ar- sured.
chaic), puppy (colloq.); spec, braggart, bargain, v. i. 1. Spec, haggle, higgle,
jackanapes, upstart. stickle, treat, negotiate, dicker (U. S.),
banter, v. t. & i. rally, badinage, joke, chop (obs. orrare), chaffer, cheap (archaic);
roast (colloq. or slang), persiflate (rare), see barter.
josh (slang), jig (dial, or slang), chaff 2. See CONTRACT.
(colloq.), quiz, jolly (colloq.), kid (slang). bark, n. rind (chiefly tech. or literary), skin,
baptize, v. t. christen- spec, dip (colloq.; peel- spec, cortex, hber, cork, tan, dita,
contextiMl), immerse (contextual), sprinkle cambium, hat.
(coUoq.; contextual), rebaptize. bark, v. skin, peel, denude, debark (rare),
t.
bar, n. 1. Spec, rod, stick, rail, bail, cross- decorticate.
bar, batten, boom, tongue, came, concelli bark, n. cry (contextual), yap (coUoq.), yelp
(pi.), crow, fiferail, handspike, slicebar, (colloq. or spec), latration (literary); spec.
slice, bull, rave, crosshead, hound, fid; bay, quest.
see STAKE, ROD. bark, speak, cry (contextiud), latrate
v. i.
2. ridge; spec, sandbar, overslaugh (local, (very rare), yap (colloq.), yelp (colloq. or
U. S.), spit, swash. spec); spec quest, bay.
8. See BAKHIEK, BAND, COURT, COtrNTBR. barking, a. latrant (literary).
4. bank, barrier, ridge; (all three context- barracks, n. pi. lodgings (pi.), quarters
ual); spec, sandbar, shelf, barrage. (pi.); spec, bullpen (cant).
5. prevention, hindrance, impediment, barren, o. 1. sterile, fruitless (rare as refer-
check, stop, conclusion (law); spec, fore- ring to animals), unproductive, unfruit-
closure, estoppel. ful, infertile, dead (chiefly of soU or land),
bar, V. t. 1. See stop, prevent. infecund (rare); spec, childless (context-
2. prevent, hinder, stop, check, preclude; ual), heartless, naked, neuter, acarpous,
spec, foreclose, exclude, oust, estop. infructuose (rare), desert, unfructuous
barbarism, n. Referring to words or lan- (rare), farrow.
guage: misuse (contextual), solecism, cata- Antonyms: see pruitpul, luxuriant.
chresis (tech.); spec, malapropism, Goth- 2. unproductive, dead, jejune (literary),
icism, Gothism, vandalism. Gallicism, otiose (literary), fruitless; see ineffect-
Latinism, Grecism, etc. ual.
Antonyms: see culture. Antonyms: see productive, effective,
barbarize, v. t. savage. INGENIOUS.
barbarous, a. 1. Spec. Gothic, vandalic, barricade, n. fence, obstruction, barrier,
heathenish, Hunnish. bar; all four contextual.
2. See CRUEL, UNCIVILIZED, heathenish, barrier, n. obstruction (contexttud), fence
CACOPHONOUS. (chiefly spec), bar (primarily spec); spec.
bare, a. 1. naked, nude, exposed, bald; spec. hedge, chain, boom, rope, bank, entangle-
stripped, denudate, uncovered, depilated, ment, wall, stockade, fencing (coUectiue),
unhaired, barked, skinned, peeled, nap- gate, barrage, barrage (French; mil.),
less, threadbare, blank, gaunt, desolate, traverse (rare); see barricade.
callow, breechless, plain, rampick (archaic barter, v. t. i. bargain, exchange, trade, &
or dial.), galled; see bald, raw, naked. swap or swop (colloq., U. S.; or dial.),
Antonyms: see covered, clothed, truck, chop (rare or obs.).
HAIRY, LEAFT. base, a. 1. See low, lowly, illegitimate,
2. See MERE, unadorned, uncovered, inferior (in quality), plebeian.
NARROW, MEAGER. 2. Ignoble, infamous, vile, mean, low,
bare, v. 1. 1. denude, denudate, divest; spec. cheap, miscreant (lit^ary), turpitudinous
unsheathe, bark, skin, shave, disease (ar- (rare), illiberal (literary), vulgar (rare or
chaic) expose, disclose, uncover, strip, peel,
, archaic), sordid; spec, abject, groveling,
depilate. menial, villain (rare), villein (hist.), slavish,
Antonyms: see cover. beggarly, servile, soulless, baseborn; see
2. See EXPOSE, disclose. contemptible.
barefoot, a. unshod, discalceate (chiefly Antonyms: see noble.
said of nuns, friars, etc.), discalced (ecd.). base, n. 1. See bottom, support, founda-

t3^ Cross references: see Note. barbaric: foreign, uncivilized. barmy : yeasty, flighty.
banter: pleasantry. barbarity: cruelty. baroque: extravagant, irregular.
barbarian, a.: foreign^ uncivil- bard: poet, singer. barrage: bar, obstacle.
ized. bard: armor. barricade: obstruct.
barbarian, n.: foreigner, sav- bargain: agreement, contract. barroom: saloon.
age, boor. bark: vessel, boat. basal: foundational, fundamental.

f^ See Notes of Explanation.

33
 '

BASE
TION, BEAKING, STEM (pMlol.), RECEPTA- 2. suffusion, circumfusion, embathing
CLE, BASS. (literary).
2. In the sense of "chief ingredient": 3. wash, lotion; spec. dip. _ _
ground, basis, basement {tech.; chiefly 4. lavatory, laver (literary or rhetorical);
spec.). spec, tub, demibath, hammam or hum-
8. In botany, zoology, etc.: foot, fundus mum (Turkish), sudatory, sudatorium
(Jtech.), bottom;spec, butt; see stalk. (Latin), therm (archaic), thermae (pi.;
base, V. t. 1. rest (contextual), found, Latin), sitz bath, vaporarium (Latin),
ground (<yrig. spec.), put (contextual), bot- caldarium (Latin).
tom; spec. bund. bathe, v. t. 1. immerse, dip, bath (always
2. In a secondary sense: found, ground, literal), embathe (literary); spec, tub,
rest, predicate {U. S.). embrocate, foment; see wash.
baseness, n. ignominy, meanness, infamy, circumfuse, embathe (literary).
2. suffuse,
turpitude, etc. Cf. base, a., Z. 3.bask, beek (Scot).
bashful, o. shy, retiring, diffident, shrink- battleship, n. Spec, predreadnought,
ing, timid, strange, shamefaced, shame- dreadnought, superdreadnought, Uner.
fast (archaic), coy, reserved, chary (rare), bawd, n. pimp, procurer, whoremaster
boggle (dial, or colloq.), modest; spec. (law), pander, procuress, panderess (rare);
sheepish, blushful. "Coy" (which see) does spec, bawdstrot (obs.), broker (obs.), ca/-
not imply anything as to the disposition, det, maquereau (French), mackerel (ar-
but refers merely to the outward acts. chaic) .

Antonyms: see assured, bold, impudent, bawdry, n. 1. pandering, pimping, pro-

SHAMELESS, AKROGANT, CONCEITED. curation, panderism; spec, proxenetism.
bashfulness, n. shyness, diffidence, coy- 2. See OBSCENITY.
ness, reserve, timidity, etc. be, 1. exist, consist (archaic), stand,
V. i.
Antonyms: see assurance, conceit. lie,subsist, remain, go (as in "as things
basis, n. 1. See base, bottom, reason, go"); spec, coexist, postexist (rare), pre-
ground. exist (rare), occur, lurk, rank.
2. foundation, ground, groundwork, funda^ 2. See CONTINUE, occur, CONSTITUTE.
mental, principle, premise comer stone beadle, n. constable, bluecoat or bluebot-
(fig.), keystone (fig.). tle (nickname); spec, bedell or poker
basket, n. skep (local, Eng.); spec, scuttle, (Univ. slang, Eng.).
seedlip, tap, tapnet, crate, calanthus beak, n. 1. Referring to a bird: biU, nib,
(archcBol.), frail,bass, bassinet, canister neb.
(a Laiinism or Grecism), pannier, corbeil, 2. Referring to an insect: snout, rostrum
buck, moll, creel, gabion, nacelle, flasket, (tech.), nose; spec, proboscis.
flat, prickle, pad, corf, canaster, hanaper 3. Referring to a vessel's prow: rostrum,
(historical), hamper. beakhead.
bass, a. low, deep, heavy, base (obsoles- 4. projection (contextual); spec, nozzle,
cent), basso (Italian), grave (rare); spec. nose, horn, umbo (tech.).
barytone. beam, n. I. timber, raft (archaic or spec.),
Antonyms: see shrill. balk; spec, batten, scantling, truss, tie,
bass, n. base (obsolescent); spec, thorough- trevis (Scot.), chevron (rare), girder, raft-
base, drone, barytone, bourdon. er, joist; see pole.
bastard, n. by-blow or bye-blow (archaic), 2. See WIDTH, QUILL, rat.
love child, whoreson (law or archaic), il-beanlike, a. fabaceous (tech.).
legitimate (formal or legal), misfortune bean- shaped, a. fabiform (tech.).
(Scot. & bear, v. t. 1. See support, keep (in mind),
dial. Eng.), come-by-chance (col-
loq.); spec, nephew (euphemistic), niece ENTERTAIN, ENDURE, SUFFER, TRANSPORT,
(euphemistic). BEHAVE, PRESS, SHOW, CARRY, CAUSE,
bath, n. 1. immersion, dipping; spec, tub- YIELD.
bing, pedilavium, douche (French), dip 2. produce, have (a child, young, etc.),
(coUoqT); see wash. throw (cant; only of animals), drop

K^^ Cross references: see Note. battalion: division. bay, n.: compartment, window,
bashaw: magnate. batten: thrive, fatten. bay, V. i.: bark.
basic: fundamental. batter, v. t.: beat, bruise, indent. bayonet, v. t: stab.
bastard: illegitimate, false, ir- batter, n.: slope. bayou: inlet,
regular, unauttiorized. batter, n.: paste. bays, pi.: vxreath, garland,
baBtlnado: cudgel. battle, V. i.: fight, contend. crown,
batch: quantity. battle, n.: fight, contest. bazaar: market, fair,
bate, V. i.: flap. bauble: gewgaw, scepter. beach: ground.
bathos: antiaimax. bawl, V. i,: cry, shout. beacon: signal, waJtchtower.
bating: bawl, V. t.: shout. beam, v. i.: shine.
baton: staff. bawl, n.: cry, shout, outcry. beaming: shining.
t?° See Notes of Explanation.
34
 —;.

BECOMING
{chiefly of animals, esp. sheep), teem (068. or slang) , fan (slang) , lam (coUoq. or vulgar)
or archaic), cast (,esp. prematurely; chiefly spec, mill, bepommel or bepummel (inten-
of animals); spec, spawn (contemptuous), sive), drub, tattoo, whale, hammer, bandy,
cnild {obs.), farrow, abort. mallet (archaic), malleate (rare), scutch,
bear, v. i. 1. travail (of women only), teem flail, flog, lap, beetle, drum, full, batter;
(archaic), labor (of women only; archaic), see RAM, THRASH.
parturiate (rare); spec, litter, yean, ean Antonyms: see cherish, caress.
{06s.). cub, pig, pup, farrow, calve, favm, 2. Referring to making a foam or the like
kitten, foal, wnelp, twin, spawn (con^ of: whip, mill, churn (Jig. or spec.), switch.
temptuous). 3. Referring to games, contests, etc.: de-
2. See RELATE, APPLY. feat (esp. in a game); spec, gammon,
bear, n. 1. Bruin (used as a proper name); whitewash (colloq.) skunk (vulgar slang),
,

spec, grizzly, cub, whelp. blank, goose-egg (slang), distance, lurch.

2. As applied to a person: rudesby (ar- 4. See nonplus, surpass, defeat.
chaic), crab (rare), cur (contemptuous; beat, n. 1. See blow, pulsation, circott,
contextual). TACK, flap, sponger.
3. See sPEcuLATon. 2. defeat; spec, whitewash (colloq.),
beard, n. 1. Spec, whiskers (pi.), Charley skunk (vulgar slang), blank, etc.
or Charlie (colloq. or slang), goatee, im- 3. In newspaper cant: scoop.
perial, Vandyke, Bumsides (pi). Gallo- beatification, n. feUcitation (rare), mac-
ways (pi.). arization (rare).
2. awn, arista (tech.). beatified, a. blessed.
bearded, a. 1. hairy (contextual), whisk- beatify, v. t. heaven (rare), bless, felicitate
ered, barbate (rare). (rare), imparadise (rare), macarize (rare);
Antonyms: see bald. see please, gladden.
2. Spec, awned, barbate, barbed, pogo- Antonyms: see curse.
niate (tech.), glochidiate (tech.). beatitude, n. blessing; spec, macarism
beardless, a. smooth-faced; spec, shaven, (rare).
unfledged (fig.). Antonyms: see curse.
bearing, n. 1. See endtjiiance, position, beautiful, a. lovely, lovesome (archaic),
RELATION, TRANSPORTATION, BEHAVIOR, beauteous (literary and chiefly poetic),
CARRIAGE. bright, lustrous (fig.), splendent; spec.
2. base, support, rest: spec, journal, pretty, dainty, sweet.
plate, step, coak, cock, brass, babbit, Antonyms: see ugly, abominable.
tread, trunnion, seating, gudgeon, yoke, beautify, v. t. become (contextual), adorn,
saddle, tassel or torse, templet, lintel, ornament.
grace; spec, prettify; see
headstock, taUstock; see bushino. Antonyms: see deface.
3. In heraldry: charge, devise; spec, well, beauty, n. 1. lovehness, loveUhead (rare),
rest, goutte (French), trestle, trivet, trav- formosity (archaic), pulchritude (rare),
erse, trefoil, tressure, weare, gore, wedge, lustre; spec, glory, prettiness (beauty
ferrule, virule, woolpack, flasque, fusil, without dignity).
yard; see arms. Antonyms: see ugliness, deformity.
beast, n. 1. See animal. 2. belle, fair lady, fair one; spec, bellibone
2. As a term of contemptvmbs opprobrium: (obs.).
spec, brute, dog, cur, hog, swme, hound. Antonyms: see hag.
beastlike, a. theriomorphic (rare), bes- because, conj. since, inasmuch as, as,
tial, beastly (rare), brutish, brutal (rare), forwhy (archaic), long or along (archaic
theroid (rare), ferine (rare), feral (learned). or died.), forasmuch as (archaic or formal)
beastly, a. 1. See beastlike. becloud, v. t. cloud, darken, obscure; spec.
2. coarse (contextual), abominable (con- fog.
spec, swinish, hoggish, pig-
textual), vile; become, v. t. 1. befit, fit, suit, beseem.
gish boarish, filthy, gluttonous, greedy; Antonyms: see misbecome.
see indecent. 2. See grace, beautify.
Antonyms: see refined, gentlemanly, become, v. i. grow, turn, go, fall, drop,
LADYLIKE, CHASTE. wax (archaic or literary), come, get;
beat, V. t. 1. pound, clapperclaw (archaic or mostly idiomates.
dud.), contund (humorous or affected), be- becoming, a. 1. befitting, fitting, fit, suit-
labor (intensive), thump (colloq.), thwack, able, worthy, good, well-becommg, seem-
whack, pommel or pummel, welt (colloq. ly, meet, gaimy (rare), graceful (chiefly
1^* Cross r^erences: see Note. beau: dandy, lover. beck: brook.
bearish: roagh. beaver: visor. beck: bow, gesture.
beatific: glad. becalm: calm, detain. beckon: gesture.
13° See Notes of Explanation.
35
 BECOMINGNESS
spec), beseemly (rare), decorous; see ap- before, prep. 1. ere {now chiefly literary or

propriate, PROPER. dial.), or {archaic or dial.).

Antonyms: see unbecoming, unsuit- Antonyms: see after.
able, IMPROPER. 2. coram {Latin; for "in presence of").
2. beautifying, feat {archaic or dial.). beg, V. t. 1. See ask.
becomingness, n. fitness, suitability, 2. mendicate {rare); spec quest {R. C.
comeliness, grace {chiefly spec); spec, ap- Ch.), cadge {dial, or slang).
propriateness, propriety. Antonyms: see give, reject.
bed, n. I. couch, lair {rare, exc of beasts), beg, V. i. 1. See ase.
doss {slang or cant), berth {chiefly spec), 2. mendicate {rare), mump {cant; obs.),
bunk {colioq. or spec), roost {slang); spec cadge, cant {literary), quest {R. C. Ch.).
litter, crib, cot, cradle, trundle, truckle, beget, V. t. parent {rare), raise {rare), gender
mattress, pallet, hammock, shakedown. {archaic), engender {archaic or learned),
2. See BEDSTEAD, LAYER, BOTTOM, PIECE. get {now only of animals), ingender {rare),
bed, V. t. 1. lodge, lair {rare, exc. of beasts), father, procreate {rare).
bunk {colioq. or spec); spec, cradle, litter. Antonyms: see kill.
2. See REST. begetter, n. author {in "author of one's be-
bedcover, n. Spec, quilt, bedquilt, cov- ^1?")) generator, procreator.
erlet, coverlid {rare), counterpane, com- begetting, n. progeniture, procreation,
forter {colioq., U. S.), bedspread {U. S.), generation, getting {archaic), get {chiefly
spread {U. S.), comfortable {U. S.), pall cant).
{archaic), rezai {Anglo-Indian), palam- beggar, n. pauper {contextual), mendicant
pore, duvet {French). {learned or tech.; esp. of certain ecclesias-
bedding, n. Spec, bedclothes, litter, lit- tics), mumper {slang), thigger {Scot.),
tering, lairage {rare), brancard. clapperdudgeon(arcAaic),canter(arctoic);
bedroom, n. bedchamber or chamber spec fakir, jockey {historical), bluegown
{formal or pretentions), bower {archaic), {Scot.), gangrel {archaic), vagabond, gab-
cubicle (esp. one of a series in an Eng. erlunzie {Scot.), schnorrer {Jeviish), dy-
school dormitory), cubiculum {jocose); spec vour {Scot.; obsolescent), dervish, dandy,
ruelle {French). roundsman, beadsman {Eng.).
bedstead, n. Spec cot, charpoy {Anglo- Antonyms: see rich person.
Indian), bed {colioq. or cant). begging, n. 1. beggary, mendicity {rare),
bedtick, n. tick, case, cover {contextual). mendicancy, mendication {rare).
beet, n. The animal: bovine, neat {rare); 2. iSee asking.
spec bull, cow, freemartin, ox, steer, begging, a. 1. See asking.
heifer, muley or muUey, bullock, bossy, 2. mendicant {learned or tech.), canting
roan, taurine {rare), buffalo, bison, au- {rare), cadging.
rochs, carabao, gayal, gaur, zebu, za- begin, v. t. commence, start, gin {archaic),

mouse, yak, musk-ox, urus, anoa, sapiu- originate, initiate, broach {chiefly spec),
tan, Kerry, Durham, Jersey, etc inchoate {learned); spec, attack, institute,
beehive, n. hive, apiary {tech.), alveary introduce,
raise, reintroduce, recom-
{obs., exc. as figuratively used of various mence, open, inaugurate, auspicate,
old dictionaries), bike {Scot, or dial.); spec. handsel {Eng.).
dome. Antonyms: see end, finish, complete.
beekeeping, n. apiculture. begin, v. i. commence, gin {archaic), pro-
beetle, n. coleopter {tech.), clock {Eng.); ceed, start, enter, open; spec exordize
spec, scarab, dung beetle, dorbeetle, June {rare), recommence, renew.
beetle, etc. Antonyms: see end.
befool, V. t. 1. See deceive. beginning, n. 1. commencement, start,
2. rig {slang or colioq.) bej ape {slang or dial.)
, outstart, outset, inauguration, opening,
before, adv. 1. See forward. institution, inchoation (learned), inchoacy
2. earlier,sooner, antecedently, previ- (rare), inception, incipience, incipiency,
ously, already, beforehand, heretofore, initiation, initiative, ingress (archaic), on-
hitherto, beforetime {archaic), erenow set; spec gambit, origination, attack.
{literary or archaic). Antonyms: see end, finish, catastro-
Antonyms: see afterwards, now. phe, event.
|^= Cross references: see Note. bedraggle: draggle. betoreband: before.
bedeck: or-nament. bedrivel: slabber. befoul: contaminate.
bedew: wel. bedspread: bedcover. befuddle: confuse.
bedim: darken. befall: happen, belong, occur. begem: ornament.
bedizen: ornament. befit: become. beggar, v. t.: impoverish, belitUe.
bedlam: asylum. befitting: becoming. beggarly: poor, base, mean.
bedquilt: bedcover. befog: cloud, confuse. beggary: begging.

IS" See Notes of Explanation.

36
 —

BELLT
2. The place of beginning: spec, threshold, Antonyms: see unbelief, doubt, skep-
outset, tee, origin. ticism.
8. See AKisiNG. 2. Referring to what is believed as a matter
4. Spec, rudiment, forefront, front, em- of faith: tenet, persuasion, creed; spec.
bryo, outstart, outset, prime, proem supposition, profession, superstition,
(learned), prelude, incunabula (pi.; liter- mumpsimus (contemptuous or humorous),
ary), morning (fig.), dawn (fi^.), protasis tradition, misbeUef.
(learned). 3. See conviction, opinion, creed.
Antonyms: see completion, end, out- believable, a. credible; spec, supposable.
come. Antonyms: see unbelievable.
beginning, a. commencing, inauguratory, believe, v. t. I. trust, credit, swallow
initiative, initiatory, inceptive, initial, in- (chiefly colloq. or slang), accept, receive
cipient; spec, nascent. The word "begin/- (chiefly Bib.), accredit (an erroneous v.se);
ning" is unusual as an adjective. spec, feel, suppose, fancy, misbeheve, guess.
beguile, V. t. 1. See deceive, cheat, di- Antonyms: see disbelieve, doubt.
vert. 2. See consider.
a. In the sense of "to while away": believe, v. i. trust.
shorten. Antonyms: see doubt.
behave, v. t. As a reflexive verb: conduct, believer, n. truster, accepter, receiver:
demean(ite is the correct use of "demean"), spec. Christian, faithful (o collective; used
bear, comport, deport, carry, guit (ar- with "the").
chaic), acquit (archaic); spec, misbehave, Antonyms: see unbeliever, heretic.
misconduct, misdemean. "Behave" is believing, a. credulous (chiefly spec), cred-
often used as implying good behavior. itive (rare), credent (rare); spec, trustful,
behavior, n. conduct, demeanor, bearing, confiding, fond, easy (coUoq.), supersti-
comportment, deportment, carriage, ac- tious.
quittance, manners (pi.), action, sem- Antonyms: see unbelieving, doubtful,
blance (rare), goings (pi.; colloq.), conver- skeptical.
sation (archaic), havior (archaic), quit- believingnesa, n. credulousness (chiefly
tance (archaic). Cf. aib. spec), credulity (chiefly sj)ec), trustful-
behead, v. t. decapitate, head (archaic), ness; spec fondness, easiness (coUoq.),
neck (dial.), decollate (learned); spec. superstition.
guillotine, caboche. belittle, v. t. 1. overshadow (fig.), minish
behold, interj. ecce (Latin), lo, la (dial.). beggar, minimize; spec dwarf.
(rare),
being, a. existing, existent, extant, beent Arttonyms: see exaggerate.
(metaphysics), subsistent, subsisting; 2. See DISPARAGE.
spec, constituted. "Being" is rare as an bell, n. 1. Spec sanctus bell, grelot, gong,
adjective. dingdong (literary or colloq.) , jingle, pa-
Antonyms: see nonexistent. vilion, tmtinnabulum (bookish or tech.),
being, n. existence, entity, subsistence spec. ; tinkler (slang), tocsin, chimes (pi.).
life, essence, quid (learned), hypaxis (rare; 2. sound (contextual), stroke; spec, toll,
tech.), existent (rare), ens, automaton. knell, jingle.
Antonyms: see nonexistence. 3. See bubble, time, hour.
belfry, n. tower (contextual), companile, bellow, n., v. t. & v. i. 1. cry (contextual),
clooher (rare). bell (esp. of deer), roar, low (ofkine), blare
belie, v. t. Spec, defame, misrepresent, (rare).
contradict. 2.See shout.
belief, n. 1. Referring to the mental action, bellowing, a. mugient (rare), lowing (of
condition, habit, etc.: credit, faith, accept- kine), roaring.
ance, credence, reception (chiefly Bib.), bell-shaped, a. campanulate, campanu'
thinking (contextual), fay (archaic); spec. lar, campanulous, campaniform; all four
supposition, trust. tech. or literary.

J^" Cross references: see Note. behold, V. t.: see. beldam, beldame: grand-
begone: away. beholden: indebted. mother, hag.
begrime: aoU. beholder: spectator. beleaguer: surround.
begrudge: envy, grudge. behoof: benefit. belike: probably, perhaps.
beguilement: deceptiori, cheat, behoove, behove, v. t: benefit. bell, V. i.: flare.
diversion. behoveful: beneficial, aduan- bell, n. & n.: bdlow.
behaU: side, benefit. tageous. belle; beauty.
behave, v. t.; cd. bejewel: ornament. belles-lettres: literature.
behest: hiding. belabor: beat, ply. bellicose: pugnacious.
behind: hind, remaining, late, belated: delayed. belligerent: fighting, warlike,
slow. belay: fatten. combative.
behind: buttocks. belch: erupt, eject. belly, V. i.: bag.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

37
 —

BELONG
belong, V. i. pertain, appertain (Jormal), 2. Referring to things: see BENEPiciAli.
behove (archaic), befall (archaic), attach. beneficial, a. advantageous, helpful, good,
belonging, a. pertaining, pertinent, ap- beneficent, behoovef ul or behovef uf (ar-
pertaining (formal), appertinent (formal), chaic), gainful (rare); spec serviceable,
accessory or (less usiml) accessary. bonitarian or bonitary; see curative,
beloved, n. dear, idol; see love. REMEDIAL, HEALTHFUL.
below, adv. & prep. 1. In the sense of "lower Antonyms: see injurious, harmpul,
than": beneath, neath or 'neath (poetic). RUINOUS.
Antonyms: see above. beneficiary, n. Spec, usufructuary, pre-
2. In the sense of "directly below": see bendary, prebend (rare), chargeant (rare
tTNDEB. or Scot.), chargee (rare), donee, grantee,
belt, n. band; spec, girdle, girth, bandoleer. impropriator, impropriatrix, incumbent.
bench, n. 1. seat (contextual), settle; spec. benefit, n. 1. avail (only in "of avail" and
pew. "of no, little, etc., avail"), profit, vail (obs.),
2. See COURT, lodge. advantage, behalf (as in "in behalf of,"
bend, ». t. 1. strain (archaic, exc. of the "on behalf of"), behoof (now chiefly legal
bow), draw, stretch (a bow). or literary) good.
,

2. crook, flex (scientific), ply (rare), turn 2. good, gain, profit, advantage, service,
(chiefly with "over," "out," "in," etc.); avail, boot (archaic, exc. in "to boot"),
spec, spring, strain, crank, deform, cir- benefaction, commodity (archaic), better-
cumflex, deflex, buckle, warp, bate, dou- ment (rare), behoof (now chiefly legal or
ble, geniculate (rare), hook, knee, elbow; literary); spec, bespeak (actor's cant),
seectmvE, straighten. easement.
8. See sxTBDUE, strain, tttrn, apply, see injury, harm.
Antonyms:
DIRECT. advantage, profit, help, serve,
benefit, v. t.

bend, n. 1. flexure (tech.), flection or avail, behoove, behove, good (obs.), boot
(British or spec.) flexion (chiefly referring (archaic or literary), skill (archaic; used
to the act or action; tech.), turn (context- only impersonally with "it" as the subject).
ital), crook, bent (rare); spec, warp, Antonyms: see injure.
buckle, sag, crank, crankle, hook, knee, benefit, v. i. profit, gain; with the imper-
elbow, scarp. sonal "it."
2. See TURN, STOOP, droop. benevolent, o. 1. charitable (referring esp.
bending, n. flection, flexure, crooking spec. to almsgiving), caritative (rare); spec.
;

cirQumflexion, genuflexion, recUnation. philanthropic or philanthropical.

benedict, n. benedick (alluding to Bene- Antonyms: see malevolent.
dick in Shakespeare's "Much Ado about 2. See GENEROUS.
Nothing"), neogamist (rare), newlywed bent, a. 1. flexed (tech.), crooked, uneven
(slang). (contextual); spec, inflexed, reflexed, in-
Antonyms: see celibate. fractous, geniculate; see curved.
benefaction, n. 1. benefit (rare), benefi- Antonyms: see straight.
cence, kindness, favor. 2. See DETERMINED.
Antonyms: see injury. bequeath, v. t. 1. bequeathe
(a variant),
2. See GIFT. will, give (contextual), leave, devise (usv^
benefactor, n. benefiter (rare); spec. ally of real estate). "Bequeath" tisuaUy
patron, Maecenas (fig.; literary), giver. refers to personalty.
Antonyms: see sponger. 2. See TRANSFER, GIVE.
benefice, n. EccL: hving; spec, parsonage, bequest, n. 1. willing (rare), devise, devisal.
sinecure, vicarage, rectory, mensal, pre- 2. devise, gift (contextual); spec, legacy,
bend, provostry, commandery, curacy. fideicommissum. The same distinction
beneficent, a. 1, Referring to persons: holds between "bequest" and "devise" as
benefic (rare), beneficial (obs.); see kind, holds between "bequeath" and "devise."
kindly. bereave, v. t. deprive; spec, orphan, widow
Antonyms: see evil-doing. (chiefly in p. p. or fig.).

J^* Cross references: see Note. benign kind, kindly, gentle, mild.
: berth: anchorage, bed, position.
Iielonglng: accesaory, property. benignant: kindly. beseech: ask.
belted: banded. benlson: blessing. beseem, v. %.: seem.
bexnean: abase. bent: inclination, trend. beseem, v. t.: become.
bemlre: muddy. benumb: numb, dull, stupefy, beset: stud, surround, harass,
bemtst: confuse. paralyze. attack, invest, besiege, obsess.
bexnuddle: confuse. benumbed, a.: numb, insenr beshrew: curse.
beneath: below, under. Bible, dull. beside, prep.: by.
benediction: blessing. berate: scold. beside, a,: abreast.
beneficence: benefaction. berm: ledge, edge. besides: also.

(9° See Notes of Explanation.

38
 BIG
besiege, v. t. 1. invest, encompass, set bewildered, a. confused, dazed (cf. con-
{chiefly with "ovi"; obs.), beset (rare), tuse, daze).
siege (rare), gird (literary); spec, block- bewitch, v. t. 1. witch, charm, enchant,
ade. spellbind, spell, glamour (rare), trance
3. see ASSAIL. (rare), ensorcell (rare); spec, voodoo,
best, n. choice, flower, cream, prime, sirenize (rare), overlook.
pick; spec. 61ite {French). Antonyms:
see disenchant.
bestow, V. t. 1. See place, deal. See captivate. 2.
2. confer {as attention, pains), show {viith bewitched, a. charmed, enchanted, spell-
"to"), send {vnth "to"), pay, give {con- bound, etc. Cf. bewitch.
textual), spend. bewitchery, n. 1. In a sense implying a
Antonyms: see take. spell cast over one: witchery, bewitch-
8. confer; spec, lavish, heap, place {an ment, enchantment, captivation (rare),
order, etc.). Cf. give. sp^ll, charm, glamour, fascination (obs.
bestriding, a. astraddle, astride, a^cock- or hist.); spec, sorcery.
horse {rare or spec). 2. iSee bewitchment (referring to the
betray, v. t. 1. blow {slang; rare), bewray power or faculty), magic (referring to the
{archaic), sell {now usually understood as art or practice), captivation.
spec.); spec, knife {slang or cant, U. S.). bewitching, a. 1. witching, enchanting,
2. See DISCLOSE, tattle, seduce. Sircean (ftg.).
betrayal, n. 1. betrayment {rare), prodi- 2. See captivating.
tion {rare). bewitchment, n. 1. See bewitchery,
2. See DISCLOSURE, seduction. captivation.
betrayer, n. Simon {who betrayed the Tro- 2. Referring to the power or faculty: be-
'ans; fig.), Judas {who betrayed Jesus; witchery (rare), witchery, enchantment,
fi^.); see traitor. fascination (obs. or hist.), charm, glamour.
betroth, v. t. contract {contextual), affiance beyond, prep. Spec, yond (obs. or dial.),
{formal), espouse {literary or archaic), affy past, exceeding, farther, without, outside,
(obs.), engage, bind {contextual), promise above, after.
(contextual); spec, handfast (hist). biannual, a. semiannual, biyearly (rare).
betrothal, n. contract (contesAual), af- bid, V. t. 1. See offer, invite.
fiance {formal), espousal (literary or ar- 2. tell, direct, instruct, enjoin, command,
chaic), engagement, promise (contextual); order, call (now chiefly spec), charge;
spec, handfast (hist.), subarrhation (hist.). spec, adjure, conjure, enjoin.
betrothed, a. engaged, affianced (formal). Antonyms: see forbid.
betrothed, n. fianeje (fern.; French), fi- bidding, n. direction, instruction, injunc-
ancS (masc; French), affianced (rare or tion, enjoinment (rare), order, dictate,
formal), intended. charge, command, commandment (rare
better, a. 1. superior, gooder (illiterate), of the a<:t), behest (literary), mandate,
preferable; spec, choicer, safer, wiser, etc. biddance (rore), prescription, jussion
ArUonyms: see worse. (rare), imperation (rare), word (context-
2. See improved. vxd), ordinance (rare or spec), mandatum,
betterness, n. superiority, meliority (rare), mandment (law), voice, best (archaic);
preferableness. spec, imperative, decree, warrant, fiat,
betty, n. molly, peggy, moppet, cotquean commission, countermand, precept, writ.
(archaic), mollycot (dial. Eng.), henhussy. Antonyms: see fobbiddance.
between, prep, atween (archaic), betwixt bier, n. feretory (rare), hearse or {now rare)
{archaic and chiefly poetic), atwixt (oj^ herse (archaic or eccl.); spec, catafalque.
chaic); spec, midway (rare, exc. as adv.). big, a. 1. bulky, voluminous, bumper (crop,
Antonyms: see about, adv. & prep. etc.; colloq.), hulking or hulky (colloq?),
beverage, n. drink, potion {chiefly med.), whacking (colloq.), large, decuman (very
potation (rhetorical), drinkable (coUoq.; large; literary), magnitudinous (rore),
chiefly in pi.). mighty (rhetorical), gross, mickle (or-
f^r Cross references: see Note. bestride: mount, straddle, ride. bias, n,: slant, tenency, prejuf
besmear: smear, bet: wager, dice, partiality, inclination.
besmut: blacken. [tify. betide: happen, befaU, bias, V, t,: prejudice, incline
besot: irUozicate, etupe/y. etui' betimes: early, immediately, biased: partial, prejudiced.
bespatter: spot. betoken: signify, indicate, bibulous: drinking, absorbent.
bespeak: engage, order, indi- better, v, t,: improve, surpass, bicker: quarrel, dispute, murmur.
cate, addreee. bevy: flock, company, bid: offer, invitation.
besprinkle: epot. [uoZ. bewail: mourn, biddable: obedient,
bestial: animal, beaatlike, sens- beware: avoid. bidding, a,: commanding.
bestir: TQuae, excite. bewilder: confute, stupefy, bide: await, withstand, endure.
bestraddle: straddle. bezel: edge. bifurcate: forked.

IS" See Notes of Explanation.

39
 BIG THING
ehaic), tall (.slang, U. S.), great; spec. 4. See ATTACHMENT, RESTRAINT.
stout, thick; see massive, lakge, im- bird, n. fowl (rare, exc. spec, or as a col-
mense. lective); spec, fledgling or fledgeling,
Antonyms: see small, slender. squeaker, chirper, dicky (colloq.), dicky-
2. See IMPORTANT, pretentious, swol- bird or dickey-bird (colloq.), cockyofly
len. bird (nursery or pet name), cageling,
big thing (of any kind), bouncer (col- nestling, nestler (rare).
hq.), whopper (colloq.), strapper (colloq.), birdhouse, n. aviary; spec, columbarium,
swinger (colloq.). columbary, dovecote.
Antonyms: see particle. birdlike, a. volucrine (rare), avian (tech.);
bill, V. t. Spec, invoice. spec, omithomorphic (rare), ornithoid
billow, n. (coniextiud), undulation
wave (rare).
(learned or tech.; contextual), swell, surge. birtb, n. 1. nativity (literary or ecd.), nas-
billow, V. i. wave (contextual), swell, undu- cency (rare or fl^.), natality (rare); spec.
late (contextual). cast, heterogenesis, litter.
billowy, a. wavy (contextual), undulating Antonyms: see death.
(learned or tech.; contextual), roUing, 2. See offspring, product, descent,
surging, swelling. arising.
bin, n. box (contextual); spec, pocket, birthmark, n. naevus (chiefly spec.; tech.);
kench (U. S.), bunker, hold, crib, hutch. spec, strawberry, tumor, mole.
bind, V. t. 1. hold (contextual), truss, con- biscuit, n. Spec, cracker (U. S.), hard-
fine (cmdextwd) ; spec, tie, vinculate tack, ship biscuit, cracknel, rusk, pretzel
(rare), wattle, bend, lash (chiefly naut.), (U. S.).
^ ^
Ugature, ligate, enchain, fillet, ferrule, bisect, V. i. halve, hemisect (rare), middle
ferrel, pinion, truss, garter, fetter, enfet- (naut.).
ter (rare), frap, fasciate (rare), braid, bishop, n. prelate, pontifex (rare), pontiff
band, chain, enchain (rare or literary), (historical or spec),primate, presiil (rare);
bond, cord, rope, wire, reeve, sheaf, spec, metropolitan, patriarch, pope, ex-
thong, withe, hoop, gyve, pin, bandage, arch, diocesan, archbishop, chorepisco-
lace, enlace (rare), entangle, interlace pus (hist.), suffragan, episcopacy (a col-
muzzle, swathe.
(chiefly fl^.), lective; with "the").
Anionyms: see loose. bishopric, n. 1. See diocese.
2. stick, jam, jamb (rare); spec, squeeze. 2. bishophood, bishopry, lawn (fl^.),
3. Spec, braid, tape. primacy, prelateship, prelacy, prelature,
4. obligate, hold, oblige (chiefly law), en- episcopacy, episcopate; spec, exarchate.
gage, restrict (chiefly law), astrict (rare); bitch, n. dog (contextuM), slut, lady
spec, bond, mortgage, pledge, sacrament, (cant or euphemistic); spec, brach,
indenture, pin (with "to"), indebt (rare), brachet.
swear, hypothecate. bite, V. t. 1. fang (rare); spec, nibble, nip,
Antonyms: see free. gnaw, gnash, scrunch, champ, chop, sav-
5. <See attach, border, restrain, fast- age, snap, tooth (rare), worry. Most of
en, constipate. these synonyms are also used absolutely or
bind, V. i. stick, jam, jamb (rare), hold intransitively.
(contextual); spec, squeeze. 2. See CUT, WOUND, corrode, pain,
binding, See astringent.
a. 1. hold, sting, etc.
2. obligatory, obUgative (rare), obliging bite, n. Spec, nibble, crunch, scrunch,
(rare), imperative, imperious (rare); spec. nip, champ, snap, gnash.
mandatory, incumbent. biting, a. 1. mordant (rare), mordacious
Antonyms: see invalid. (learned).
binding, n. 1. holding, confining, confine- 2. See ACRID, stimulating, acrimoni-
ment, tying, religation (rare), hgation ous, sarcastic.
(rare or learned); spec, bandaging, liga^ bitter, a. 1. Spec, gaily, bitterish.
ture, deligation (rare). 2. See acrimonious, severe, painful,
2. See BAND. sorrowful.
3. obligation, committal, obligement bitter, v. t. embitter (emphatic), sour.
(rare), engagement. "Binding" is rare. Antonyms: see sweeten.
^F" Cross references: see Note. bilateral: two-sided. billet, fi. t.: lodge.
big-bellied: corpulent. bilge: protuberance. billon: alloy.
bight: bay, loop. bilk, V. t.: defeat, deceive, cheat, binder: band.
bigot: fanatic. bilk, n.: trick. birthplace: source.
bigoted: narrow. bill: caress. birthright: hereditaTnent.
bigotry: fanaticism. billet, n.: stick. biserial: two-rowed.
bigwig: personage. billet, 71..' letter, position. bit: morsel, particle.

tS° See Notes of Explanation.

40
 BLEND
black, dark, jet, pitchy, jetty, pioeous
a. 1. able, irreprovable (rare), inculpable (rare),
(rare), coaly, nigrous {rare), Cimmerian irreprehensible (rare), unimpeachable;
(fig.; literary), sooty, atramentous (rare), see sinless, innocent, guiltless.
swart (chiefly spec), inky, sable, atrst-
Antonyms: see blamable, sinful, guii/-
mentaceous (literary). TY, REPREHENSIBLE.
Antonyms: see white. blaming, n. censure, criticism, inculpation;
2. See DEPRESSING, MALEVOLENT, WICK- see reproof, censure, accusation.
ED, OUTRAGEOUS, THREATENING. bland, a. 1. smooth, inirritant (rare), vel-
blackball, n. pill (slang), pip (coUoq. or vety, velvet.
slang). Antonyms: see acrid, corrosive, harsh,
blacken, v. t. 1. pungent.
black, nigrify (rare); spec.
soot, besoot (intensive), besmutch
ink, 2. See smooth, plausible.
(iritensive), besmut (intensive), cork, be- blank, a. 1. See absolute, empty,
grime (intensive), charcoal, blackwash, bare, confused, unadorned.
ebonize. 2. thoughtless, vacuous, vacant, inex-
Antonyms: see whiten. pressive, unexpressive, dull, expression-
2.See stain, bully. less.
blackened, a. blacked; spec, inked, Antonyms: see expressive, thought-
corked, smutty, etc. ful, PLEASED, etc.
bladder, n. Spec, vesica, vesicle, cyst, blanket, n. cover, wrap, whittle (obs. or
sac, gall, sound. dial.); spec, maokinaw, shroud.
bladdery, a. bladderform (rare); also, (all blaze, n. 1. See flame, flash, out-
tech. or learned), vesiculose, vesiculous, burst.
cystic, vesicular, vesiculiform. 2. Referring to a marking on an animal:
blade, n. 1. flat; spec, spoon, vane, wash, spec, spot (contextiud), star, snip, cloud.
Umb, web, languet, spear, brand (poetic blazon, v. t. 1. In heraldry: emblazon.
or archaic), snare, colter or coulter. 2. See describe, depict, show.
2. See cutter, feather. blazonry, n. 1. See arms, show, depic-
8. spark, bawcock
(archaic), blood, dash- tion, display.
er galliard
(colloq.), (archaic); spec. 2. blazoning, emblazonry, blazonment.
Johnny (colloq.), rake, jeunesse dorde bleach, v. t. whiten (contextual), blanch,
(French), buck, roysterer. decolorize (chiefly tech.).
blamable, a. culpable (with ''of"), fault- blear, a. 1. Referring to the person: blear-
ful (rare), blameworthy, delinquent, eyed, bleared, bleary, dim-eyed, dim-
faulty, censurable; spec, vituperable sighted, sand-blind (archaic).
(rare); see guilty, sinful, reprehen- Antonyms: see bright-eyed.
sible. 2.Referring to the eyes: bleary, bleared,
Antonyms: see blameless, sinless, in- cloudy, blurred, dimmed, lackluster, dull.
nocent. blear, v. t. &
i. dull, blur, cloud, dim.
blame, n. culpabihty, blame-
1. fault, bleat, V. i. &
n. cry (contextual), baa, blat,
worthiness, censurableness; see guilt, blate.
SINFULNESS, REPREHENSIBIHTY. bleed, v. t. 1. blood (archaic); spec, phle-
2. censure, reflection, criticism, dispraise, botomize, venesect, cup, leech, deplete.
mispraise (rare); see reproof, censure. bleed, v. i. Spec, shed, flow, ooze, drop.
blame, v. t. censure, criticize, inculpate bleeding, n. bloodletting; spec, phlebot-
(rare), dispraise (rare), mispraise (rare); omy, venesection.
seeREPROVE, CENSURE. blend, v. t. mix (contextual), mingle (con-
Antonyms: see acquit, excuse. textual); spec, fuse, amalgamate, interfuse,
blameless, a. faultless, unblamable (rare), intergrade, gradate; see adulterate.
innocent, incensurable (rare), irreproach- Antonyms: see separate.

fW Cross references: see Note. blandish: cajole. blaze, V. i.: flame, shine.
blTOuao: camp. blank, v. t.: defeat. blaze, V. t,: advertize.
bizarre: fantastic, odd, un- blare: trumpet, sound, blazing: flaming, flashing.
familiar, extravagant. blaspheme: curse, abuse. blazon: arms, description, de^
blab: tattle. blasphemous: impious, ir- piction.
blab, blabber: tattler. reverent, abusive. bleak: exposed, cold, gloomy.
blackguard, n.: rascal. blast, 71.; wind, charge, ex- blear, n.: blur.
blackguard, v. t.: abuse. plosion. bleary: blear.
black-hearted: wicked, ma- blast, V. t: blow, blight, ruin. bleb: vesicle, bubble.
levolent. blasted: accursed. blemish, v t.: damage, impair,
blackleg: cheat. blat, V. i.: bleat, chatter. sully.
blackmail: extortion. blat, V. t.: blurt, tattle. blemish, n.: fault, impairment.
blameworthy: blamable. blatant: boisterous, clamorous. blench: shirk.
blanch: whiten, bleach, pale. blate: bleat, chatter. blend, v. i.: unite, harmonize.

VW See Notes of Explanation.

41
 BLENDING
blending, a. confluent (learned). loaf, mold, nub, set, stock (rare), dado;
bless, V. t.See consecrate, beatify,
1. see PIECE.
CONGRATULATE, PRAISE. 2. Referring to buildings: insula (Roman
2. In the sense of "to invoke the divine good antiq.), island (rare); spec, square.
mil or protection upon": sain {archiaic). 3. See BLOCKING, PATTERN, BLOCKHEAD,
Antonyms: see ctmsE. QUANTITY, DIVISION, STOP.
blessed, a. 1. blest (a variant). block, V. t. 1. obstruct, jam (rare), jamb,
Antonyms: see accursed. choke, blockade (fig. or spec); spec, ram,
2.See GLAD, HALLOWED. scotch.
blessing, n. 1. benediction, benison {ar- 2. See STOP, DEFEAT, SHAPE, OUTLINE,
chaic or poetic), benedicite (Latin); spec. PROP.
grace (at table). blockhead, n. simpleton, dunce, stupid,
Antonyms: see cursing. ass (contemptuous), dolt, dullard, block,
2. See good. stick (colloq.), chump (colloq. or slang),
blight, V. t. blast, nip, strike; spec, blow, numskull, stock (rare), dunderhead,
infect, wither, rust, mildew, sear, brand, blunderbuss, blunderhead, clod, clodpate,
bxirn, bunt, choke. clodpoU, cod's-head (slang), buzzard
Antonyms: see aid, cherish, strength- (rare), chucklehead (chiefly dial.), coof
en. (Scot.), pigsconce (contemptuous; rare),
blighted, a. blasted, nipped, stricken; oxhead (colloq.), loggerhead, lunkhead
spec, rusty, blown, etc. (slang, U. S), woodenhead (colloq.),
blind, a. 1. sightless, visionless, dark, un- hardhead (colloq.), booby (colloq.), doddy-
seeing, unperceiving, ray less; spec, eye- poU (obs. or rare), cuddy (chiefly Scot.),
less (often fig.), moon-eyed, moon-blind, idiot (slang or contemptuous), dummy
blindfold, blindfolded, stockblind, stone- (colloq.), driveler (contemptuous), idiot
blind. (contemptuous), imbecile (contemptuous),
2. unperceiving, undisceming, uncompre- mome (archaic), foozle (colloq.), saphead
hending, unseeing, blindfold (fig.), dark, (slang, contemptuous), jolthead (rare),
senseless, insapient (rare), benighted (lit- dotterel (Jig.), wiseacre (ironical or sar-
disregardpul.
erary); see
Antonyms: see discerning, prophetic. Antonyms: see scholar, wiseacre.
5. closed (at the end), csecal (tech.) blocking, n. obstruction, block, jamming,
4. Referring to walls, etc., that have no choking, choke, blockade (fig. or spec).
opening through: blank. blond, blonde, a. fair, Ught; spec, albino.
6. See unintelligible, hidden, illegi- Antonyms: see brunet.
ble, chance. blood, n. 1. claret (slang), drops (pi.; by el-
blind, V. t. 1. blear, darken, purblind, lipsis); spec, gore, cruor, grume, ichor
quench (the eye; literary); spec, squint, (Oreek myth.).
blink, exoculate (rare), excecate (rare),. 2. See SAP, FAMILY, relation, ill tem-
gouge, seel, hoodwink; see dazzle. per, BLADE.
2. darken (the mind), benight, hoodwink blood, V. t. 1. See bleed.
(fig.), deaden. 2. bloody, engore (rare), bebleed (ar-
blindly, adv. Spec, darkly, unseeingly, chaic; intensive).
gropingly, unperceivingly, etc. bloodless, a. 1. anaemic (chiefly med.), ex-
blindness, n. Spec, sightlessness, dark- sanguine (rare), exsanguious (rare), ex-
ness, senselessness, benightedness (liter- sanguinous (rare).
ary), etc. 2. peaceable, unfeeling.
<See
Antonyms: see sight, insight. bloodshed, n. bloodletting; spec, slaugh-
blister, n. vesication (tech.), vesicle (tech. ter.
or learned); spec, blain (rare), buUation. bloodshot, a. red (contextual); spec, in-
bloat, V. t. inflate, swell, puff (chiefly with flamed.
"up"), distend. bloodthirsty, a. cannibal, bloody, tiger-
Antonyms: see contract, deflate, ish, sanguinary (bookish), sanguineous
SHRINK. (rare).
block, n. 1. mass
(contextual); spec, clog Antonyms: see gentle.
(chiefly Scot.), clump, scotch, brick, bri- bloody, a. 1. red (contextual), sanguinary
quette, briquet, square, die, cube, pad. (unusual in the literal sense), sanguineous
t^^ Cross references: see Note. bliss: gladness, good. bloat, a,: inflated, swollen.
blindfold: blind. blissful: glad. bloat, n.: drunkard.
blink, V. i.: wink, flicker, shine. blithe: glad, cheerful, g(vy. blockade, «. t.: block, besiege.
blink, V. t.: avoid, ignore, shirk. blithesome: glad, cheerful, blockade, n.: siege.
blink, n.: wink, moment, flash, cheering, gay. bloodletting:: bleeding, bloodshed.
flicker. blizzard: storm, wind. bloodsucker: extortioner.

t^' See Notes of Explanation.

42
 BOARISH
(xon'ii), hsematio sanguine {poetic blow, n. 1. blowing, bluster; spec, perfla-
{tech.),
or rnetarical), ensanguined {literary); tion (rare or tech.), whiff, puff.
spec, crimson {coriiexiiud), purple {corif 2. See WIND.
textual), gory, sanguinolent {chiefiymed.), blunder, V. i. 1. err, slip, bungle, boggle
reeking. (coUoq.), foozle (slang or often cant and
8. See HOMICIDAL. spec); spec, solecize, muff.
bloom, n. t. See flower {referring to a 2. stumble, slip, flounder.
single blossom), flush, efflorescence, blunder, n. 1. error (amtesiuaC), slip,
POWDER, PRIME. bungle, boggle (coUoq.); spec, muff, bull,
2. Referring to the state: flower, blossom, solecism.
anthesis {tech.), efflorescence {tech.), flo- 2. stumble, slip, floimder.
rescence {tech. or learned), blowth {rare). blunt, a. 1. dull; spec, pointless, round,
8. Flowers collectively: efflorescence turned, dullish.
{tech.), bloomage {rare), blossom {rare). Antonyms: see sharp, pointed.
blotch, n. 1. spot, area (learned; context- 2. See DULL (mentally), insensible.
val), patch; spec, stigma. 8. bluS, burly (archaic), abrupt, plump,
2. See VESICLE. direct, outspoken, plain-spoken, flat,
blouse, n. Spec, smock, smock frock, brusque, round, crisp; aee rough.
camorra {Italian), camise, garibaldi, Antonyms: see gentle, smooth, smooth-
tunic. spoken.
blow, n. 1. stroke, impact, clip {coUoq.), blunt, V. t. 1. dull; spec, imedge (rare),
buffet {chiefly spec), coup (French), smite turn, round, rebate (rare).
{chiefly rhetorical); spec, smite, bang, bat, Antonyms: see sharpen.
beat, bounce, ding (dial.), thump {col- 2. See DULL (mentally).
log.), douse {rare), crack, clout {dial, or blur, n. 1. See smear, stain, sully.
vulgar), clour {Scot, or dial. Eng.), douser 2. Referring to vision: blear (rore), cloud,
{dial, or slang), punch, plug {slang), dimness, indistinctness.
smash {colloq.), dad {chiefly dial. & Scot.), blurt, V. t. utter {contextudC) plump, blat ,

push {chiefly dial.), lick {slang or vulgar), (coUoq.), bolt {rare).

welt {colloq. or slang), whack {colloq.), blush, V. i. redden, rouge (rare), ruddy
thwack, slam, crack, wipe {slang), drub, {rare), flush.
dump, dash, dab, dazzler {slang), double- Antonyms: see pale.
thonger (colloq.), cut, clash, clap, bang, blushing, a. rubescent (Uamed), erubes-
floorer (slang or cant), dunt (chiefly Scot!), cent (rare), flushed, ruddy, rosy.
stinger {colloq.), swiiie (colloq.), counter, Antonyms: see pale.
sidewinder (U. S.), kick, bastinado, bluster, v. i. 1. See blow.
punch, left-hander, right-hander, slash, 2. bounce (rare), hector, roister, swagger,
rap, wallop (slang), plunk (slang), sock- buUy, ruffle, gasconade (literary), vapor
dologer (slang, U. S.), slug (colloq.), whop {literary), sweU, bravado; see rage.
{colloq.), whang (dial, or colloq.), tunk Antonyms: see cringe, coax.
{colloq. or died.), bump, stamp, facer bluster, n. 1. See BLOW, wind.
(coUoq.), smack (colloq.), thumper (rare), 2. bravado, swagger; spec, jingo, jingo-
fisticuffs (pi.); see cuff, slap. ism, chauvinism (learned), vaporing or
Antonyms: see caress. vapor (JMerary).
2. See DISASTER. blusterer, n. swaggerer, bully, bouncer {col-
blow, V. Spec, bluster, flaw, whiff,
i. 1. loq.), roister m (now more usual) roisterer,
whiffle, fan, breeze (rare), storm, puff, buster (slang), swasher, swash (rare), etc
fuff (rare or Scot.), blast (rare or obs.). board, v. t. 1. approach (a ship).
2. See EXHALE, BOAST. enter (a train).
2.
3. pant, puff, fuff {rare or Scot.). 3. entrain (put aboard a train).
4. Spec, toot, tootle. board, n. Spec deal, plank, panel, slab,
blow, V. t. 1. wind (pron. wind); spec. clapboard, gangboard.
blast, puff, bugle, toot, tootle; see boarding house, pension (French; chiefly
TRUMPET. referrin,g to a boarding house in continental
2. See INFLATE, BLIGHT. Europe).
1^" Cross references: see Note. blotch: spot, stain. bluS, V. t.: deceive.
bloom: fiower, thrive, flush. blowy: toindy. bluS, n.: pretense.
bloomy: flowery, thriving. blowzy: red, slovenly. blunder, v, t.: botch, misman-
blossom, n.: fiower, bloom. blubber: cry. age.
blossom, V. t.: fiower. bluestocking, n.: pedant, pre- blur: smear, sully, blear.
blot, n.: spot, stain, sully. cisian. blurred: blear.
blot, V. t: spot, cancel, svlly, bluestocking, a.: precious, pe- board, n.: tack.
stain, hide, dry. dantic. bearish: swinish, beastly, cruel.

US' See Notes of Explanation.

43
 BOAST
boast, V. i. brag, vaunt, vapor (literary), Antonyms: see ethereal, spibitual,
bounce (rare), blow
or collo^.),
(dial, GHOSTLY.
cackle (cant or slang), bluster, flourish, bodily, adv. 1. corporally, carnally, cor-
swash, gasconade (literary), crack (ar- poreally.
chaic); spec, rodomontade (literary). 2. en masse (French), bodacioiisly (dial..
boaster, n. bragger, brag, braggart, lex- Southern U. S.).
iphanes (rare; literary), braggadocio, body, n. 1. corpus (now hum^roibs or gro-
vaunter, vaporer (literary), bouncer, tesque), form, case (rare), clod (fig.), bulk
cracker, fanfaron (French), mouther (conn (disparaging), csxcass (contemptuous), hulk
temptuous), gasconader (rare), Gascon (contemptuous; chiefiy spec).
(literary), swashbuckler, hector, killcow Antonyms: see mind, soitl, ghost.
(pbs. or dial.), puff (archaic), puckfist 2. carcass (now contemptuous when used
(contemptuoits) , Rodomont (literary; fig.), of a human corpse), form (contextual), ca-
Thraso (literary; fig.); spec. Scaramouch daver (chiefly spec, and tech.), lich (ar-
(literary; fi^.), Tartarin (literary; fig.). chaic), corpse (a human body), corse
boastful, a. bragging, braggart, vaunt- (chiefl,y poetic or archaic), carrion (obs. or
ing, lexiphanic (rare; literary), bouncing archaic), remains (pi.; euphemistic); spec.
(rare), tongue-vaHant (rare), rodomon- kill, mummy, carnage (a collective with

tade (rare). Thrasonical (literary; fig.), "the").

Thrasonic (literary; fig.), mouthy (col- Antonyms: see soul, ghost.
hq.), flaunty (rare), self -glorious (rare), 3. trunk, soma (tech.), corporation (hui-
vaunty (Scot.), windy (coUoq. or slang), morous or slang), torse or torso (sculp-
vainglorious; see bombastic. ture); spec, waist, bust.
Antonyms: see modest. 4. Spec, (in the sense of "the main part")
boasting, n. bragging, braggery (rare), nave, aisle, cell or cella, hull, centrum,
braggadocio, braggartism, cockahoop, enceinte (French), buck (dial., exc, U. S.,
(mre), vaimting, vaporing (literary) yaunt- ,
in "buckboard"), purview, nacelle, limou-
ery (rare), vaporosity (rare), jactitation sine, sedan.
(rare), vainglory, fanfaronade (literary), Antonyms: see border, edgBj branch,
rodomontade (literary), gasconade (liter- RIM, VESTIBULE.
ary), gloriation (rare), blow (colloq.); see 5. mass, form, figure, consistence (rare);
BOMBAST. spec, bulk, hulk, corpuscle, corpuscule,
boat, n. 1. vessel (contextual), bark (po- aggregation, mobile (rare), atom, atomy,
etic); spec, sandal, sampan, shallop, pygmy, mite, particle, piece, fragment,
skimming dish (colloq.), skiff, randan, etc.
umiak or oomiak, sharpy, rocker (chiefly 6. corps, force, troop (chiefly spec), ar-
U. S.), rum-tum, punt, sculler, torpid ray, army (fig. or spec); spec, detach-
(slang, Eng.), sink (U. S.), flat, flatboat, ment, squad, committee, regiment, bat-
pontoon or ponton, tow, dinghy, praam, talion, etc.
?innace, cutter, drover, currach (Scot, or 7. See BULK, gathering, force, person,
rish), dahabeeyah, canoe, gondola, gig, trunk, substance, strength, quantity,
air-oar, cot (Irish), caique (French), material, principle, association.
E
arge, coracle, bateau (chiefly Canada and bogy, n. bogey, demon (contextual), spec-
Louisiana), scout, Bucentaur, yawl. ter, hobgobhn, scarecrow (fig.), bugar
2. sauce boat, gravy boat. boo, boggard or boggart (rare), gobhn,
boatman, n. boatsman, boater; spec, row- boggle, bogle, bug (obs. or dial.); spec.
er, sculler, barcarole (Italian), waterman, rawhead, bloodybones; see bugbear.
wherryman, dandi (Anglo-Indian), keel- boil, V. t. seethe (archaic or literary or
man (dial. Eng. tSk Scot.), lighterman, a cookery term), scald; spec, wallop (dial.
gondolier, hoveler (Eng.). or tech.), cree (dial.), parboil, decoct
boat-sbaped, a. navicular (literary or (tech.), coddle, stew, poach, elixate (tech.).
tech.), naviform (rare), cymbiform (tech.), Antonyms: see freeze.
scaphoid (tech.). boil, V. i. I. bubble, seethe (archaic or liter-
bodily, a. physical (contextual), somatic ary or a cookery term), ebulliate (rare).
(tech.), corporeal, corporal, carnal, flesh- Antonyms: see freeze.
ly, earthly; spec, unspiritual, personal. 2. See RAGE.

1^^ Cross references: see Note. bobble: jiggle. boggle, v. i.: shy, object, bungle.
boat, V. i.: sail. bode: forebode, signify. boggle, n.: shy.
bob, n.: plummet, jerk, how, boding, a.: significant. boggle, 71.: bogy.
bunch. bodyguard: escort, retinue. boggy ; marshy.
bob, V. t.: jerk, dock, refrain. bog: marsh. bogle: bogy.
bob, V. i.: bow. bogey: bogy. bogus: pretended.

tS° See Notes of Explanation.

44
 ——

BOOKWORM
boll, n. seethe (rare); spec, wallop (dial, or (literary), flatulent (rare), puffed, mag-
tech.). niloquent (lessthan "grandilo-
usital
boiled, a. sodden (now rare). quent"), mouthing (contemptuous), oro-
boiler, n. Spec, caldron, copper. tund (contemptucus; learned), grandiose,
boiling, n. agitation (contextiial), bub- grand (contextual), lofty, mouthy (corir-
bling, ebullition (learned or tech.), ebul- temptuous), inflated, fustian (contemptu-
lience (rare), coction (literary or affected), ous), magnisonant (rare), lexiphanic
gurgitation (rare); spec, elixation (rare), (rare), hyperboUcal, heroic, extravagant,
decoction. high-flown (esp. of language), highfalutin
boisterous, n. noisy (contextual), riotous, or highfaluting (colloq.) high-sounding, ,

roaring, robustious (rare), rumbustious magnific (chiefly derisive), tall (coUoq?),

(colloq.), clamorous, wild (contextiud) up- , toplofty (coUoq., U. S.), Herodian (fig.;
roarious, rampant, rampageous, tumult- Johnsonese or Johnsonian (fig.),
rare),
uous, noisy, turbulent, vociferous, bla- (fig.), sonorous (contextvjal),
Ossianic
tant; see EOUQH, CLAMOROUS. swollen, pyrotechnic (learned), sounding.
Antonyms: see calm, motionless, si- Antonyms: see modest.
lent. bond, n. 1. union (contextu/d) ; spec, coup-
bold, a. 1. assured (formdl or literary), ler, coupUng, couple, link, bonder, tie;
stout, stout-hearted, daring, forward, au- see band, shackle.
dacious, fearless, dreadless (rare), intrep- 2. nexus (learned or tech.), tie, Unk,
id (formal), confident, undaunted, daunt- cord, union, attachment, yoke, connec-
less, hardy, unapprehensive (rare), nervy tion.
(colloq. or slang), dour (Scot.), unfearfiil 3. See contract, surety.
(rare), free, cool, impavid (rare); see bondage, n. serfdom, serfage or serfhood;
BBAVE, RECKLESS, IMPUDENT, INDECENT, spec, helotry or helotism (Greek hist.),
VENTURESOME. peonage (Spanish American); see slav-
Antonyms: see timid, afraid, fear- ery.
ful, ANXIOUS, COWARDLY, BASHFUL, Antonyms: see freedom.
MODEST. bondman, n. bondsman (masc), bond-
2. See STEEP, BLUFF, PROJBCTINa. maid (fern.), bondwoman (fern.), serf;
boldness, n. stoutness, nerve (collog.), spec, villein (hist.), carl (obs. or hist.),
hardihood, audacity, daring, intrepidity, vassal, helot (Greek hist.), peon (Spanish
assurance, face, etc. American); see slave.
Antonyms: see timidity, fear, anxiety, Antonyms: see freeman.
etc. bonnet, n. cap; spec, tam-o'-shanter,
bombast, n. boasting, extravagance, rant, toque, sunbonnet, poke bonnet, poke.
stuff (contextual), turgescence (rare), tur- bonus, n. gift; spec, premium, honorari-
gidity or turgidness [formal or literary), um; see TIP.
tumidity rodomontade (literary), bon Tlvant. bonne vivante (French; fern.),
(rare),
mouthing (contemptuous), tympany high liver; spec, epicure.
(rare), loftiness (contextual), magniloquy Antonyms: see ascetic.
(rare), sonorousness (contextvM), mag- bony, a. osteoid (rare), ossean (rare), os-
niloquence (less common than "grandilo- seous (tech.).
quence"), grandiosity, grandiloquence, book, n. 1. volume, tome (liierary or tech.);
grandiloquism (rare), heroics
inflation, spec, booklet, packet, incunable (rare),
Xfjl.; sarcastic), fustian (contemptvmis), incunabulum chapbook, folio,
(rare),
highfalutin or highfaluting (colloq.), flatu- quarto, octavo, duodecimo, sixteenmo,
lence (rare), swellingness (rare), swoUen- twelvemo, etc., legend (obs. or eccL), mis-
ness (rare), bombastry, lexiphanticism cellany, brochure, livret (dim.; French),
(rare), pomposity, gas (slang), Johnson- pamphlet, journal, blotter, ledger, codex,
ese (fig?); spec, spread-eagleism (U. S.), treatise, handbook compendium, canto.
euphmsm, rant. 2. [Capl\ Bible; used with "the".
bombastic, a. boastful, sounding, stilted, 3. set (contextual), packet.
tumid (liierary or formal), turgid (literary bookworm, n. student (contextuxd), dig,
or formal), grandiloquent, grandiloquous sap, grind, bucker; the last four slang or
(rare), turgent (rare), pompous, plethoric |
colloq.

t^' Cross references: aee Note. bolt, V. i.: sift. bonfire; fire.
bolster, n.; cushion, support. boznb: shell. bon mot: witticism.
bolster, v. t.: cushion. bombard; cannonade, pelt. bonny: good-looking, cheerful.
bolt, 71. ; arrow, lightning, pin, roll. bombardier: gunner. booby: blockhead.
bolt, V. i.: rush, run. bonbon: sweetmeat. book, V. t.: list.
bolt, V. t.: svjollow, desert. bond, a.: servile. booliisb: learned, pedantic.

1^° See Notes of Explanation.

45
 .

BOOM
boom, n. arm, beam {contextual), spar; bosom, n. breast, bust {esp. of a woman).
spec, jib, crane; see spak. bosom, a. gremial {now only in "gremial
booT, n. 1. See rustic.
2. vulgarian {rare), lout, clown, clod- botch, V. t. bungle, blvmder, muddle,
hopper (contemptuous; lubber,
colloq.), clamper {chiefly Scot.); spec, cobble, tin-
churl, carl {archaic or Scot.), carter {fig.), ker, butcher {slang), murder {slang); see
loon, barbarian {literary), clout {archaic), MISMANAGE, REPAIR.
lobby (chiefly dial.), ctiuS (o6s. or rare); botchy, a. bungling.
spec.Grobian {fi^.; literary). bottle, n. container {cant); spec, vinai-
Autonyms: see gentleman. grette, vial or {more often tech.) phial,
boorish, a. I. See RirsTic. split, siphon, bolthead, demijohn, dead-
2. viilgar, ill-mannered, clownish, loutish, man {slang or colloq.), matrass, marine
clodhoppmg {contemptuous; colloq.), in- {slang), magnum, Jeroboam {literary and
urban {rare), cloddish, uplandish {rare), humorous), carafe or carafE, carboy, cruet,
churlish, ill-bred, low-bred, barbarian cruse {archaic), costrel, goatskin, tickler
{literary), coarse, woolen {rare), iUiberal {colloq.), flagon, flask, fiacon, gourd, cor-
(literary), carlish {literary), lubberly, rude, net, canteen.
uncultured; spec, ungentlemanly; see bottle-shaped, a. utriform {rare).
AWKWARD. bottom, n. 1. foot, base, basis {archaic),
Antonyms: see accomplished, repined, doup {Scot.), root, sole; spec, keel, culet,
POLITE. cullet, bilge, heel, sump.
border, n. 1. bound, bordure {archaic), Antonyms: see top, peak.
verge, threshold {spec, orfi^.), shirt, fringe, 2. bed {of a body of water); spec, coulee
hem; spec. curb. (17. S.), channel, basin.
Antonyms: see interior, body. 3. intervale, interval, haugh {Scot, or
2. edge; spec, hem, edging, forel, sel- dial.); swale {dial.).
spec,
vedge, dado, orphrey, orfray, purfle, 4. See depth, support, buttocks, seat,
mat. ENDURANCE, DKEGS.
8. frontier, coast {archaic), borderland, bottomless, a. baseless, fathomless,
march {hist, in pi. and with "the"; or plumbless {rare).
archaic), rand {ohs., dial., or spec.); spec. boudoir, n. cabinet {archaic), bower {liter-

outskirt {rare), outskirts {pi.), wayside; ary).

see BOUNDARY. bought, a. boughten {chiefly colloq., U. S.,
Antonyms: see interigh, inland. or poetic), purchased.
border, v. t. 1. skirt, verge {rare), rim, bouncer, n. whaler, whacker, whopper,
fringe, line {contextual), bound, neighbor. whapper, bumper, buster, smasher, sock-
2. edge; spec, purl, cotise, purfle, bind, dologer {U. S.); — all slang or colloq.
dado. Antonyms: see dwahp.
border, v. i. adjoin {contextual), neighbor, bound, a. 1. fastened, confined, tied.
bound, touch {contextual); see abut. 2. obliged, obligated; spec, committed,
bore, V. t. 1. pierce {contextual), eat {con- liege,indentured.
textual); spec, gimlet, driU. 3. See CERTAIN.
2. See WEARY. bound, 21. i. 1. See JUMP.
bore, n. wave {contextual), eager {a less 2. bounce, rebound, dap (rare), resile
usual name). {rare); spec, ricochet.
borrow, V. t. 1. get {contextual) bound, n. 1. See boundary, border.
Antonyms: see lend. 2. In the pi. {bounds): territory, area,
2. See ADOPT. place, compass, limit, range, reach, pale
bosh, interj. fudge, nonsense. '{chiefly spec), confine {chiefly in pi.; obs.

t^^ Cross references: see Note.

 —

BRAID
or rare); spec, perambdation, division, bow, n. 1. (pron. bou) Spec, obeisance,
purlieu; see sphere, scope. curtsy, curtsey, bob, reverence, leg (ar-
bound, V. t. 1. limit, confine, demarcate chaic or jocular), beck (chiefly Scot.), nod,
{literary or tech.), circumscribe, delimit nid-nod (coUoq.), scrajpe, salaam, pros-
(chiefly literary), terminate; see confine. tration, obedience (archaic or dial.), cong£
2. See BORDER, (French), congee, duck, inclination, dip.
boundary, n. 1. bounder (archaic), boimd- 2. (pron. bou) prow, stem, head, prore
ure (obs. or rare); spec, demarcation, (poetic), entrance (tech.), forepart; spec.
monument, landmark, term, Hermes, foreship (rare), beakhead (rare), fore-
Henna, herm, cairn, line. foot, forepeak, forehold, foresheets (pi.),
2. limit, boimd (chiefly in pi.), outline, pre- hawse, lufi, forecastle, gripe.
cinct, confine, verge, buttal (obs. or tech.), bowl, n. 1. Spec, mazer (obs. or historical),
butt (obs. or rare), bourne (literary), mete crater (Greek antiq.), tazza, jorum, Jero-
(chiefly in pi. and legal), mere (archaic), boam (humorous), bowie (Scot.), cogie
march (historical or archaic), mark (his- (Scot.), cap (Scot.), porringer, brimmer.
torical or archaic), rubicon term 2. See hollow.
(fig.),
(rare), periphery, circuit, circumference, bowl, V. i. 1. See roll.
compass, fine dool (Scot.
(contextiuil), & 2. glide, tool, roll; referring to a manner
dial. Eng.), bounder (archaic); see border. of progress, as of a carriage.
boundary, a. limitary, terminal (rare), bow-legged, a. bandy-legged.
limital (rare), bounding, border. bowl-shaped, a. crateriform (tech.).
boundless, a. 1. unlimited, infinite, term- bowstring, n. string, cord, nerve (poetic).
less, limitless, incomprehensible (rare), bos, V. i. fight (contextual), spar.
immeasurable, unbounded, illimitable; box, n. 1. case, container (com.), recepta-
ipec. shoreless. cle; spec, canister, chest, cabinet, casKet,
Antonyms: see limitbd, narrow. cassette (French), cassolette, canteen, cof-
2. See ENDLESS, INEXHAUSTIBLE. fin, pyx, cofferdam, caisson, carton, car-
bouquet, n. 1. nosegay, boughpot (ar- touche, buist (obs. or Scot), caddy,
chaic); spec, posy (archaic or cMoq.), but- &
drawer, kist (Scot. dial. Eng.), shrine
tonhole (cotloq.; Eng.), boutonni4re (archaic), trunk, ease.
(French), buttonhole (colloq.)._ 2. Referring to the theater box: compart-
2. See SMELL. ment (contextual); spec, loge (French).
bow (pron. bo), n. 1. See curve. 3. See SEAT, shelter.
2. Fiddlestick (now familiar or corttemptur brace, n. bracer (rare), support (context-
ous). ual), strengthener (contextual); spec.
bow, V. i. 1. (pron. bou) See curve, stoop, clasp, buckle, band, clamp, stay, strut,
YIELD. bolt, rope, chain, bracket, truss, girder,
2. (pron. bou) Spec, incline, curtsy, curt- tie, rod, rider, rib, crib, prop, shore, but-
sey, bob, beck (chiefly Scot.), nod, duck, tress, reinforce, reinforcement.
scrape, cap, salaam, dip (coUoq.), kotow, brace, v. t. 1. support, strengthen, stiffen;
stoop, knee, genuflect (rare), cong4 spec, gird, prop, strut, tie, truss, buttress,
(French), congee, lout (archaic or dial.); —
chain, bracket, rib, stay, reinforce, bone,
referring to a gesture of courtesy, respect, or shore, etc.
deference. 2. See stimulate, strengthen.
S. (pron. bo) bend, curve. bracket, n. 1. brace (contextual); spec.
bow (pron. bou), v. t. incline, bend; spec. corbel, console, shoulder, cheek, modil-
prostrate, nod, stoop. hon, gusset, cantilever.
bow (pron. bou), v. i. 1. See stoop, over- 2. See SHELF.
come, SUBDUE. braid, n. plait, pleat (obs.), brede (archaic),
2. Spec, incline, bend, stoop, lout (ar- plaiting (a collective); spec, soutache
—
chaic or dial.; rare); referring to a ges- (French), galloon, cue, leghorn (a collec-
ture of courtesy, respect, or deference. tive), Venetians (pi.), lace.

IS" Cross references: see Note. bout: round, course, contest, boycott, n.: conspiracy.
bound, a.: going. carouse. boyish: childish.
bounteous: generous, abun- bovine: beef. [sion, interior. bracing: stimulating.
dani. bowel: intestine; in pi.; compos- brackish: salt.
bountiful: generous, abundant. bower: bedroom, boudoir, arbor. brag, n.: boaster.
bounty: generosity, gift, re- bowery: shady. bra£, V. i.: boast,
ward, subsidy. bowl, V. t: roll, serve. braggadocio: boosting, boaster.
bouin: go<d. bowlder: rock. braggart, n.: boaster.
bourne: goal. box: slap. braggart, a.: boastful.
bourse: exchange. boxer: fighter. brae?er: boaster.
bouse, n..* carouse, liquor. boy: child, youth, servant. bragging, a.: boastful.
bouse, V. t.: drink, carouse. boycott, V. t: avoid. bragging, n.; boastirig.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

47
 . —

BRAID
braid, v. t. 1. intertwine (contextual), plat, 2. In commerce: mark; spec, label, tally,
plait, pleat (o6s.), brede (o6s. or archaic). brave, a. bold, courageous, stalwart,
t.

S. See BIND. daring, game (slang or colloq.), gamy (col-

brain, n. 1. headpiece (fig.), encephalon loq. or slang), dauntless, spirited, lion-
(tech.); spec, cerebrum, cerebellum, hind- hearted (rhetorical), valiant, valorous, gal-
brain, little brain. lant, doughty (literary), dour (Scot.),
2. In pi.: see mind. stout, resolute, preux (French), gaUiard
brake, n. check (rare), stop; spec, clog, (archaic), prow (archaic), yeomanly (lit-
convoy, block, chock, cow, drag, skid. erary); spec, manful, intrepid, manly,
brakeman, n. brakesman, guard (Eng.). chivalrous, womanly.
" Braheman" is the usual form. Antonyms: see cowardly, ttnchival-
branch, n. 1. shoot, offshoot, stick (cotj- R0U8.
textual), ramus (tech.), rame (rare); spec. 2. See excellent, showy.
limb, bough, twig, spray, sprig, spire, bravery, n. boldness, courage, daring, val-
start, caulome, bush, phylloclade (tech.), or, spirit, etc.; cf. brave.
offset, sucker, ramulus, ramulet, fork, Antonyms: see cowardice.
rootlet; see shoot. bravo, interj. excellent! good! fine!
Antonyms: see trtjnk. brawling, n. 1. See murmuring.
2. division (contextual), ramification, di- disputation, quarreUng; cf. quarrel.
2.
varication (learned), embranchment bray, n. &
v. i. cry (contextvjal) , hee-haw

(rare), fork, arm, offshoot, offset, throw- (onomatopoetic; colloq.).

off (rare); spec, stem, loop, spur, bifurca- braze, v. t. 1. brass, brazen.
tion, billabong (Australia), anabranch 2. See solder.
(Australia); see asm. brazen, a. 1. brass; spec, brassy, brassish.
Antonyms: see body. 2. See shameless, harsh, metallic.
3. Referring to a horn: fork; spec, snag, brazen, v. t. cheek (slang), face; chiefly
tine, prong, speller, tray, broach, start, with "out."
bez-antler, pricker. brazier, n. firepan; spec, brasero (Spanish),
4. member (contextual) ; spec, lodge, tent, hearth, mangal (rare), scaldino (Italian).
court, filiation, chapter, post, corps, breach, n. 1. See break, surf, violation,
language. WOUND.
branch, a. rameous (rare), ramal (tech.). 2. opening, break, rent, ruptiire, disrup-
branch, v. t. & i. 1. divide, ramify, divari- tion, ruption (rare or spec); spec, chasm,
cate (learned), offset, outbranch (poetic), gap.
fret, spHt,
digitate (rare); spec, dichotomize, bush. Referring to personal relations: division,
3.
2. See DIVERGE. rupture, ruption, split, break, schism.
branching, a. arborescent, ramifying; breach, v. t. break, rupture, disrupt; spec.
spec, dichotomous, spraying; see branchy. gap.
branchy, a. ramose (tech.), ramous (tech.), bread, n. tommy (slang, Eng.), bread-
branching; spec, ramulose, ramellose, stuff; spec, biscuit, eulogia (hist.), pone
twiggy, sprayey, spriggy. (Southern U. S.), manchet (archaic), muf-
brand, n. 1. See sword, blight. fin, roll, rusk, pumpernickel, toast, simnel
2. character (contextual), stigma (learned), (chiefly historical), showbread, brewis
print, stamp; spec, crop, bum (context- (dial.), bun, crug (slang, Eng.), host,
ual). element.
3. mark, chop (in China), cachet break, v. t. 1. Spec, disrupt (rare or fig.),
(French); spec, label, stamp, tally. rupture, snap, rive, burst, smash, rend,
4. Referring to goods: quality, make, fragmentize (rare), stave, chip, bray,
class, grade, chop (in China), stamp. brake, craze, fritter, crash (rare), crumb,
brand, v. t. 1. stigmatize (learned or liter- comminute, crack, crumple, fracture,
ary), print, stamp, mark (contextual); fault, tear, cabbie, buck, rag, sphnter,
spec, burn (the original sense of "brand"), nick, demohsh; see shatter, scrape,
pitch, tiver (dial. Eng.) BURST.

(^= Cross references: see Note. brash, n.: rubbish, wood. bravo: desperado.
brainpan: skull. brass, a.: brazen. brawl: fight, quarrel, murmur.
brainsick: deranged. brassy: brazen. brawn: flesh, strength.
brainwork; thinking. brat: child. brawny: muscular, strong,
brainy: intelligent. bravado, n.: bluster, defiance. bray, n. (..* grind.
brake: fern, thicket, brushwood, bravado, v. i.: bluster. brayer: pestle.
bramble: brier. brave, V. {.; defy, face, challenge, breachy: unruly.
brambly: briery. embolden. breadth: width; also, of.»pa^
brandish: swagger. brave, n.: bully, desperado, war- dous, roomy, liberal, compre-
brash, a.: hasty, impetuous, brittle. rior. hensive.

IS" See Notes of Explanation.

48
 —

BREVITY
Antonyms: see join, trNiTB, cement, See EXHALATION, WIND, REST, EXER-
8.
SOLDEB. MOISTURE, TRIPLE.
CISE,
8. See BREACH, D18ABRANGB, INTERRUPT, breathe, v. i. 1. respire; spec, pant, puff,
EXCEED, RUIN, DISCHARGE, BANKRUPT, pump, snore, wheeze; see inhale, ex-
COMMUNICATE, SUBDUE, TAME, VIOLATE, hale, SIGH.
DEGRADE. 2. See STOP.
break, v. i. t. part (contextual); spec, dis- breathe, v. t. 1. respire; see inhale, ex-
rupt {rare or fig.), crash (rare), burst, hale.
crack, splinter, rend, outburst (rare); see 2. See BEST, exhale, utter.
BHATTER, BURST. breathing, n. 1. respiration, spiration
2. Referring to a wave: comb, wash, (rare); spec, eupnoea, dyspnoea, apnoea;
crest, topple (colloq.). see INHALATION, EXHALATION.
8. Referring to a fish: rise, leap, prime(rare). 2. See REST, UTTERANCE, ASPIRATE.
4. Referring to the voice: change, mature. breathless, a. 1. blown, pumped (slang or
6. See FAIL, DAWN, BURST, START, CHANGE. colloq.), exhausted (contextual), all in
break, n. 1. breach; spec, disruption (rare (slofig, Ll. S.).
or fi^.), break-up, rupture, crush, crash, 2. See LIFELESS.
smash, snap, burst, debacle, rent, abrar bred, a. reared, raised (now chiefly U. S.,
sion, chip; see burst. and considered improper or colloq. as ap-
8. incontinuity (rare); spec, opening, gap, plied to persons); spec, educated.
rent, nick, chasm, hiatus, blank, interval, breeches, n. pi. 1. knickerbockers (U. S.),
lacuna, void, intermission, aperture, rift, breeks (Scot.), small clothes, smalls (col-
fissure, drop, crack; see scrape. loq.), hose (obs. or hist.; chiefly spec.);
8. Referring to the waves: wash,
spec, spec, buckskins, gaUigaskins, corduroys;
combing, breaking. all pi. —
4. See INTERRUPTION, BREACH, START, 2. See TROUSERS.
CHANGE, TRANSITION, RISE. breechless, a. trouserless, sansculottic
breakable, a. frangible (learned or book- (hist.), unbreeched, pantless (vulgar).
ish); see BRITTLE. breed, v. t. I. Referring to the female: grow,
breaker, n. I. Spec, crusher, smasher, create, produce, cherish, form, develop;
brayer, cracker, etc. spec, hatch.
2. wave (cMntextual), comber, white horse, 2. Spec, inbreed, cross, interbreed, inter-
surge (a collective). cross, crossbreed, fancy.
breakfast, n. dejeuner (French), dejune 3. produce, grow, engender, brew, gen-
(Scot.; archaic). erate (rare); —as in "to breed trouble.
breaking, n. 1. breakage; spec, disruption Antonyms: see extinguish.
(rare or fi^.), rupture (rare), ruption 4. raise (stock, etc.).
(rare), fracture (chiefly spec), fraction, 5. See CAUSE, rear.
infraction (rare), fragmentation (rare), breed, v. i. 1. In the sense of "to bear
crumblement (rare), irruption (learned or young": generate (rare), reproduce,
bookish), inbreak (rare), incrash (rare), propagate.
rending, inburst (rare). 2. In the seiwe of "to be bom'': originate
breakwater, n. Spec, mole, framework, (rare).
groyne, jetty, pier (coUoq., U. S.). breed, n. stock, brood (chiefly contemptu-
breast, n. 1. mamma (of a female; tech.), ous as used of men); see family, race.
mamrmlla (of a male; tech.), bubby (dial, breeding, n. 1. stirpiculture (rare).
or vulgar). 2. nurture, education (rare); spec, gen-
2. See BOSOM, courage. tility, gentilesse (archaic); see polite-
8. brisket. ness.'
breastbone, n. sternum (tech.). breeding place. 1. Spec, loonery, hen-
breastplate, n. pectoral (rare), poitrel nery, hawkery, gullery, heronry, hatch-
(archaic), plastron (hist.); spec, cuirass. ery, beavery, hoggery, piggery, rookery.
breast-shaped, a. mammillary, mammi- 2. Fig.: hotbed.
form; spec, mastoid; all three tech. brevity, n. 1. See shortness.
breath, n. 1. air (contextu^). 2. Referring to time: briefness, shortness,
2. respiration, spiration (rare); spec. littleness, momentariness, swiftness, tran-
snore, pant, puff, yawn, wheeze; see in- siency, transience.
halation, EXHALATION, SIGH. Antonyms: see length.
US' Cross references: see Note. break-up: decomposUion, breeder: avthor.
breakage: breaking. break. breeze: vyind, disturbance.
breakdown: collapse. breast, oppose.
v. t.: breezy: windy, lively.
breakneck: dangerous. breathing, a.; limng. breve: summary.

tW See Notes 6l Explanation:

49
 BREW
S. Referring to speech or writing: short- some, li^t, lightsome, transplendent
ness, curtness, breviloquence (affected or (rare),Orient or Oriental (esp. of gems,
humorous), brachylogy (rare), pauciloquy etc.); see lustrous, luminous, shining,

(rare); see conciseness. FLASHING, GLOWING, DAZZLING, FLAMING.

Antonyms: see pbouxitt. Antonyms: see dark, dim.
bribe, v.corrupt (contextual), hire (corir
t. 2. Referring to colors:flaming,
spec,
textual), buy, suborn (tech.); spec, oil flamboyant, fresh, gay; see
lively, flashy,
(slang), anoint (rare; in "to anoint the showy. Most of the terms given under
hand"), palm (slang), subsidize, tip, sense 1 are also used as synonyms in refer-
grease (stonfl), square (colloq.). ence to colors.
bribe, n. douceur (French), gratification Antonyms: see dull.
(euphemistic); spec, sop, graft, grease, S. Referring to a career, course of conduct,
baksheesh, tip. etc.: spec, brilliant, dazzling, illustrious,

bribery, n. corruption (contextual), subor- meteoric, purple (literary), distinguished,

nation (tech.); spec, subsidizing. famous.
bric-a-brac, n. knicknacks (pi.); spec. Antonyms: see obscure.
scrimshaw. 4. See cheerful, clear, intelligent,
brick, n. Spec, clinker, clink, grizzle, auspicious, discerning.
lump, cutcha (Anglo-Indian), quarl, brighten, v. 1. 1. illuminate, beshine (rare),
header, binder, briquette or briquet. illume (literary or fig.), enlighten (chiefly
bricky, a. lateritious (referring esp. to color; poetic or rhetoriad), embrighten (rare),
chiefly tech.). irradiate (literary).
bride, n. wife, Beatrice (fig.). 2. Referring to colors: raise, hven (colloq.),
bridegroom, n. husband, groom, bene- lighten.
dict, Benedick. 3. See shine, enliven, cheer.
bridesman, n. best man, groomsman. bright-eyed, a. shining-eyed, clear-eyed.
bridge, n. 1. span; spec, drawbridge, via/- Antonyms: see blear, dim-eyed.
duct, bateau, bridge, bascule bridge, brightness, n. 1. Spec, brilliance, efful-
Bifrost (mythol.). gence, refulgence, glare, lucidity (rare),
2. See PLATPOHM. splendor or splendour, splendidness, re-
bridge, v. t. & i. span, overbridge (rare). splendence, splendrousness (rare), gai-
bridgeliead, n. tlte-du-pont (French). ety, strength (contextual), splendence
bridle, n. 1. headgear; spec, snaffle, branks (rare), gorgeousness, glister (chiefly liter-
(used in punishing a scold; pi.), ary), sparkle, transplendency (rare), Ori-
2. See RESTRAINT. ency (esp. of gems), glitter; see luster,
bridle, v. i. bristle. luminosity, shine, dazzle.
brief, a. 1. See short. Antonyms: see darkness, dimness, ob-
2. Referring to time: short (rum obs. or scurity.
archaic, exc. in certain phrases), transient, 2. Referring to colors: spec, flamboyance,
little, short-li^fed, swift, momentary; see freshness, flashiness, gayness, gaiety,
EPHEMERAL. showiness. Most of the terms under sense
Antonyms: see long, endless, eternal, 1 are also used of colors.
LENGTHY. Antonyms: see dullness.
8. Referring speech:
to breviloquent 3. Referring to a career, performance, etc.:
(rare), curt, curtal (archaic); see concise. spec, brilliance, illustriousness, 6clat
Antonyms: see prolix. (French), distinction, fame.
brier, n. briar (a variant), bramble; spec. Antonyms: see obscurity.
blackberry, raspberry, loganberry. 4. See INTELLIGENCE, DISCERNMENT.
brier, n. briar (a variant), heath, brier- brindled, a. party-colored, brinded, brin-
wood. dle; spec, tabby.
briery, a. briary (o variant), brambly. bring, v. t. I. fetch, conduct (a Latinism),
bright, a. 1. Spec, brilliant, effulgent, re- deduce (rare), have (archaic); spec, land,
fulgent, glaring, lucid (rare), splendid, retrieve, draw, get, reduce (rare).
splendent, resplendent, radiant (rare), Antonyms: see send, remove.
gay, vivid, splendorous, splendrous, gor- 2. Referring to price, amount, etc.: fetch,
geous, strong (contextual), garish, bright- command, reaUze, encash (rare); spec. net.

I^= Cross references: see Note. brief, 71.: letter, writ, abstract, brighten: dear, improve.
brew: concoct, devise. summary. brim: edge.
brewing: concoction. brief, abridge.
V. t.: [tion. brimful: full.
briar: brier. brigade, n.: division, organiza- brimmer: bumper.
bridal: mwriage. brlgade, v, i,: organize. brine: pickle.
bridle, v. t.: restrain. brigand: desperado. brink: edge.

t?* See Notes of Explanation.

50
 BRUNT
8. reduce, throw, work; spec, reason (esp. 2. agent, middleman; spec, jobber.
wUh "into" "out of," etc.), conjure, pray, brokerage, n. brokage (obs., rare, or spec);
laugh, ridicule, lull, etc. spec, pawnbrokerage, agency (contextual).
4. reflect (as censure, doubt, etc.), throw, brooch, n. clasp, ouch, fibula (antiq.).
cast. brood, n. t. hatch; spec, clutch, covey,
5. See INDUCE, PRESENT, INTRODTJCE, IN- cletch or clatch (dial.), nide (chiefly Eng.).
FLICT. 2. See OFFSPRING, RACE, BREED.
brisk, a. 1. See active, rapid, strong, brook, n. stream, rivulet, rindle (rare or
SHARP. dial.), rill, beck (Eng.; literary or dial.),
2. smart, perky. burn (di(d. or Scot.), runnel, runlet, nm,
brisket, n. Dreast. streamlet, burnie (Scot.), bourn or bourne
bristle, n. Spec, (tech.) seta, setula, set- (chiefly local Eng. or literary), bum (dial,
ule, vibrissa. and Scot.); spec, gill (dial., Eng.), rillet.
bristle, V. i. 1. Referring to hair or brisUes: broom, n. brush (contextual), besom (now
erect (learned or tech.), stand, stare chiefly dial, or literary); spec, wisp, pope's-
(archaic). head, brush, whisk, whisker, wing.
2. See bridle. broom -shaped, a. scopiform, fascicular;
bristling, a. horrid (chiefly poetic), shag- —both chiefly tech.
gy, rough, horrent (chiefly poetic). broth, n. broo or bree (Scot.), liquor; spec.
bristly, a. setaceous, strigose, strigate, brewis (dial.), cuUis (now rare), kale; see
setulose, hispid, setose, scrubby (rare or SOUP.
spec.), horrent (chiefly poetic), hairy (con- brothel, n. bagnio (literary), bordel (obs.
textval); —
ail exc. "bristly," "scrubby," or archaic), bawdyhouse. house of ill re-
hairy, and "horrent," chiefly tech. pute (the vMud legal term).
Antonyms: see smooth. brother, n. I. Spec, cadet (younger
brittle, a. weak (contextual), breakable brother).
(contextual), fragile, frail (contextual), 2. See ASSOCIATE, friar.
brickie (dial.), Ijruckle (dial.), brash brotherly, a. 1. fraternal.
(chiefly U. S. and spec); spec, dehcate 2. See AFFECTIONATE.
(contextual), short, crisp, shattery (rare), brown, a. Spec, lurid, foxy, hazel, cheli-
shivery, cold-short, hot-snort seecRUMBLY.
; donian, bay, bayard (archaic), brownish,
Anionyma: see strong, flexible, un- browny, brunneous (rare), ferruginous,
breakable. auburn, adust (rare), bronze, mahogany,
broad, a. 1. See wide, spacious, roomy, maroon, russet, snuff-colored, smoky, rus-
evident, comprehensive, unre- setish, russety, tan, sorrel, puce, tawny,
strained, GENERAL, LIBERAL. fallow, tabac, musteline, fawn.
2. full (daylight). brown, n. Spec, bistre, mummy, feuille-
8. pronounced (brogue, accent, etc.), Doric morte (French), 6cru (French).
a dialect, etc.).
(spec, or fig.; of brown, v. t. embrown (emphatic); spec, tan,
broadside, adv. flatways, flatwise, side- russet, scorch, toast.
wise, sideways. bruise, V. t. 1. injure (contextual), contuse
brogue, n. 1. shoe, brogan, (tech. or literary), batter, contund (rare),
2. See MODULATION. pound (rare); spec, suggilate (obs. or rare).
broU, V. t. 1. cook (contextual), grill, car- 2. See INDENT^ CRUSH.
bonado (obs. or literary); spec, frizzle, bruise, n. 1. injury (contextual), contusion
devil, spitchcock. (tech. or literary), batter (rare), pound
2. See heat. (rare); spec, suggilation (rare or tech.),
broken, a. 1. Spec, disrupt (rare or fig.), ecchymosis, mouse (slang).
burst, fractured, shattered, gapped, rup- 2. See INDENTATION.
tured, torn, rent. bruising, a. contusive (bookish or tech.).
Antonyms: see intact, whole. brunet, a. dark, brunette (less ustuil than
2. Referring to one's health: shaken; spec. "brunet"; chiefly fern.); spec, (tech.) mel-
run-down. anochroid, melanous, melanistic.
8. See intermittent, rough, violated. Antonyms: see blond.
broker, a. 1. See pawnbroker, go-be- brunet, n. brunette (fern.); spec, (tech.)
tween. melanochroi (pi.), melanoi (pi.).
1^" Cross references: see Note. broaden: widen, generalize, browbeat: bully.
bilny: salt. liberalize, enlarge. brownie: fairy.
British: English. brokage: brokerage. browse, n.; fodder.
broach, n.: epit, horn. brood, v.: incubate, consider, browse, v. t.:graze.
broach, v. t.: transfix, open, be- brook: eiidure. bruit: report.
gin, spiU, introduce, draw, ream. brotherhood: association, fra- brummagem: gaudy.
broadcast: scattered. ternity, fellowship. brunt: shock.

fW See Notes ot Eiplanation.

51
 —

BRUSH
brush, n. 1. Spec, pen, pencil, rigger, sable, 2. gemma (biol.); spec, (zool.) medusa,
pope's-head, fitch, card, air brush. medusoid, hydra.
2. See BKOOM, TUFT, TAIL. bud, V. i. 1. sprout germinate, burgeon
brush, V. i. 1. Spec, whisk; see sweep. (literary); spec, button.
2. See GRAZE. 2. gemmate (biol.).
brushlike, a. scopiform {tech.), muscari- 3. disbud; spec. chit.
form (tech.), brushy (rare). buffl, n. orange, yeUow; spec Isabella,
brushwood, n. scrub, brush, bush spec.
1. : Isabel.
chaparral (17. S.), frith (Eng.), brake, bufler, n. bumper; spec, fender, dolly,
underbrush, rice (Eng.). cushion.
2. brush; referring to small branches cut bufler, V. t. cushion.
up. buflet, n. 1. cupboard, sideboard.
brutalize, v. t. Chiefly fig. in sense: ani- 2. See eating house, footstool.
maUze (rare), imbrute (literary), brutify, bufloon, n. clown (chiefly spec), merry-
bestialize; spec, dehumanize (rare), dis- andrew, fool, Jack-pudding (archaic),
humanize (rare), sensualize, harden. pleasant (obs ), grotesque (rare), antic,
Antonyms: see repine, spiritualize. pickle-herring (rare), merryman (rare),
bubble, n. 1. globule (contextual), bell "droU, harlequin, zany (orig. spec; rare or
(chiefly Scot, or tech.), blob (dial, or coU literary); spec punch, punchineUo, Scara-
loq.),blobber (obs. or dial.); spec. buUule, mouch, pantaloon, jester, jackpudding,
bead, bleb, bladder. pierrot. Harlequin, mimic, mummer,
2. Referring to the sound: gurgle. mime, mimer, archimime, Goliard (his-
8. See SHOW, fallacy, trifle. torical), gracioso (Spanish).
bubble, V. i. 1. bell (dial., Scot., or tech.), bufloon, V. i. droU (literary or rare), harle-
effervesce (literary or tech.; often spec), quinade (rare), merry-andrew or merry-
intumesce (tech.; often spec), rise (con- andrewize (rare).
textual), ebullate or ebuUiate (rare); spec. bufloonery, n. farce, clownery (chiefly
bead, sparkle, gurgle, yaw; see boil. spec), foolery, harlequinade, drollery
2. gurgle. merry-andrewism (rare),
(literary or rare),
bubbling, a. effervescent (literary or tech.; buffoonism, zanyism (orig. spec; rare);
often spec), effervescive (literary or tech.; spec mimicry, mummery. Harlequinade.
often spec), ebuUient (tech.; often spec), Antonyms: see dignity.
intumescent (tech.; often spec), fretting bufloonlsh, a. clownish, buffoon, antic.
(rare); spec, sparkling; see boiling. Antonyms: see dignified.
bubbling, n. effervescence or (rare) effer- bugbear, n. bug (obs. or archaic), bugaboo,
vescency (literary or tech.; often spec), in- scarecrow (fig. or spec), boggard or bog-
tumescence (tech.; often spec), ebul- gart (rare); spec, fetish, mumbo-jumbo;
lience (rare), ebullition (literary or tech.), see BOGY.
fret (rare). buggy, a. Spec, cimicine.
bubbly, bubblish; spec, bladdery, bleb-
a. build, erect, raise, rear, edify (rare),
V. t. 1.
by, beady. fabricate (rare or spec), construct, big or
bucket, n. Spec, tub, scoop, kibble, float, bigg (Scot); spec, mason, substruct,
piston, pail, blackjack. superstruct, reconstruct.
buckle, n. 1. clasp, fibula (antiq.); spec.Antonyms: see abate, destroy.
broach. See FRAME, BASE, ESTABLISH, CON-
2.
2. See BEND, twist. STRUCT, COMPOSE.
buckler, n. 1. shield, rondache (French); build, n. 1. See structure.
spec rounder. 2. Referring to a person: physique, set,
8. See protector. set-up (colloq.).
bud, n. 1. sprout, shoot, gemma (tech.), builder, n. architect (chiefly spec), erect-
burgeon (poetic), tendron (rare); spec. or; spec, jerry-builder, carpenter, mason.
button, gemmule, gemina, knop (archaic), building, n. 1. Referring to the operation:
eye, bulbU, bulbet, cabbage, chit. erection, fabric (now ecd.), edification

t^^ Cross references: see Note. brute, n.: animal, beast, fiend, bucket, V. i.: ride.
brush, n.: contest, fight. sensualist. budge, V. i.: move, yield.
brush, n,: brushwoodt thicket. brutish: animal, beastlike, un- budge, a.: stiff, pedantic.
brushy: rough. reasoning, coarse, sensual, cruel, buff: polish,
brusque: blunt, rough. rough. buflet, V. t.: strike, fight.
brutal: aniTnal, cruel, rough, buccaneer: desperado, pirate. buflet, V. i.: fight.
coarse, sensual. buck, 71.; deer, dandy. bug: insect.
brute, a.: unreasoning, soulless, buck, V. i.: jump. bugaboo: hugbear.
insensible, sensual, rough, un- buck, V. t,: unhorse. bugle: horn.
conscimia. bucket, V. t.: draw, drench, drive. build, V. i.: rely.

f^' See Notes of Explanation.

52
 .

BURDEN
(rare), architecture, construction, fabri- Antonyms: see cringe, coax.
cation (rare or spec.). See BLUSTER.
2.
2. Referring to wliat is built: edifice (usio- btdwark, n. 1. wall (contextual); spec.
ally spec.), erection (formal), fabric, struc- rampart, parapet, breakwater.
ture, construction; spec, substructure, 2. See SHELTER.
superstructure, superstruction (rare), li- bumper, n. 1. brinmier; spec, cupful,
brary, hall, rotunda, palace, chamber, glassful, bowlful.
camera, store, mansion, coe (local; min- 2. See BUFFER, BOUNCER.
ing) pavilion, cottage, hovel, factory, bunch, n. 1. See protxtberance.
earage, shelter, court, etc.; see house. 2. cluster, bob (dial, or spec); spec, bun-
Building" is commonly used only of an dle, fascicle, fasciculus, h^d (of bananas),
inclosed structure. wisp, whisk; «ee tuft.
built, a. built-up, framed; spec, fabricated. 3. See quantity, group.
bulb, n. 1. buQ (cantextiuu); spec, bulbil, bunchy, a. 1. bundled, fasciculate (tech.),
chive, clove. fasciculated (tech.), clustery.
2. Spec, tuber, corm. Antonyms: see scattered.
bulb-shaped, a. bulbiform, bulbous, bulb- 2. See protuberant.
ed. buncombe, n. 1. makebelieve (contextual),
bulging-eyed, a. goggle-eyed. claptrap (contem,ptuous), talk (colloq.)
bulk, n. stall. bundle, n. 1. package, pack, packet, par-
bulk, n. 1. See size, quantity, body. cel, truss (rare or spec); spec, roll, fadge
2. generaUty, body, mass, heft (coUoq., or fodge (tech. or dial.), fardel (archaic),
U. S.), most (with "the"), staple, gross brail, faggot, dossier (French), dufter
(obs. or archaic); spec, majority, many. (A?!^to-7naian), fascine, sheaf, swag (Aus-
Antonyms: see minohitt. tralia), book, peter (thieves' cant), bolt,
bulk, V. i. 1. swell, expand, loom; see bavin (obs. or Eng.), bottle (now
dial.,
SWELL. local Eng.), hand, bung (Eng.); see bunch.
2. See WEIGH. 2. See group, quantity.
bull, n. bovine (contextual); spec, michy bundle, v. t. I. pack, packet, truss (ar-
(slang, Australia), bullock. chaic or spec), parcel; spec, faggot,
bullfighter, n. toreador (Spanish; esp. a hamper (rare), crate, cask, sack, pug, bag,
mounted bullfighter); spec, banderillero bale.
(Spanish), picador. 2. See hasten.
bull's-eye, n. aim (contextual), center; bungle, V. t. & i. blunder (rare), boggle
spec, prick (obs.), blank, white, carton (coUoq.), butcher (coUoq.), tinker, foozle
(cant). (slang or often cant and spec); spec, muff;
bull- shaped, a. tauriform (tech. or see BOTCH.
bunt, n. Referring to part of a flag or sail:
bully, n. 1. intimidator, bounce (rare; bag, belly, swell.
colloq.),bouncer (rare; collog.), hector, buoy, n. float (contextual); spec dan,
hectorer, brave (archaic), tiger (slang), dolphin, nun, buoy, nut buoy, can buoy,
bulldozer (colloq.). spar buoy, bell buoy, etc
Antonyms: see fawner. buoyant, a. I. floaty (colloq.).
2. See BLUSTERER. mind: resilient, elastic,
2. Referring to the
bully, V.intimidate, overbear, bounce
t. hopeful.
corky (colloq.); see
(rare; colloq.), hector, huff, browbeat, Antonyms: see hopeless, depressed.
overbear, bulldoze, bullyrag; spec, blufi,burden, n. 1. burthen (rww chiefly ar-
outbully, haze (U. S.). chaic), load, weight, incubus (literary;
Antonyms: see coax, cajole. chiefly spec), cumber (literary), incum-
bully, V. i. 1. intimidate, hector, bounce brance or encumbrance, incumbency
(colloq.), huff (colloq.), domineer (con- (rare; literary), tax (esp. excessive); spec.
textum), bulldoze. surcharge; see load.

1^^ Cross references: see Note. bulwark: protect. bung: stopper, vent.
bulge, V. i.: protuberate, bag. bummer: loafer. bungle, n.: blunder.
bulge, n.: protuberance. bump, V. t.: knock. bungling: botchy, awkward.
bulging: protuberant. bump, 71.: protuberance. bunk, n.: bed.
bulkhead: partitiont wall. bumper: big. bunk, V. i.: lodge.
bulky: big. bumpkin, n.: rustic. bunker: bin, hazard.
bull, n.: blunder. bumptious: self-assertive. bunko, D. t.: cheat.
bull, V. t.: raise. bumpy : protuberant. bunt, n.: blight.
bulldoze: intimidate, bully. bunch, V. t: gather. bunt, V. & n.: push, butt.
bullet: ball, missile. bunch, V. i.: protuberate, gather. buoy: float.
bulletin: statement, publication. bunco, V. t.; cheat. bur: hvU.
bullyrag: bully, tease. bundle, v. i.; hasten. burden, n.: refrain.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

53
 — r

BURDEN
2. In a legal sense: onus, obligation, burn, V. i. 1. consume (contextual), oxidize

charge, weight, incumbency, cumbrance (chem. or contextual); spec, flame, flash,

{rar^; spec. responsibiUty, tax. glow, deflagrate, flicker, smoke, smother,
3. Referring to what is mentally burden- rage (contextual), conflagrate (rare), flare,
some: incubus, weight, load, cumber (lit- fizzle, smolder.
erary), cumbrance {rare). 2. See DESIRE, SHINE.
4. See CHABGE, CAPACITT. burning, a. 1. ardent (literary), live, liv-
burden, v. t. 1. load, weight, cumber, en- ing; spec, glowing, aflame (predicative),
cumber, charge (now chiefly fig. or navi.), flaming, conflagrant (literary or learned),
lade (archaic), tax (esp. to burden oppres- flamed (rare), red, raging (contextual)
saddle (orig. spec);
sively), see over-> ustorious (rare).
—
bukden; all used also fi^. Antonyms: see lifeless.
Antonyms: lighten.
see 2. See ARDENT.
2. See OPPRESS, charge. 3. consuming, comburent (rare); spec,
burdensome, heavy, onerous (formal
a. 1. caustic.
or learned), oppressive, weighty, cumber- burning, n. consumption (with "of"; corv
some; all used also fig. textual), combustion, fire; spec, fiaming,
Antonyms: see light. flashing, ustion (rare), eremacausis (rare).
2. See OPPRESSIVE, TROtTBLESOME. burnt, a. Spec, charred, incinerated, tor-
bureau, n. 1. See office. rid, parched, etc., samel or sammen.
2. chest (of drawers); spec, tallboy, low- burr, n. ring (contextual); spec, rove, washer.
boy; see secretary. burrow, V. i. dig, work; spec, earth, mole,
burgher, n. citizen, freeman. gopher, mine.
burglar, n. housebreaker, cracksman burrow, n. 1. cuniculus (tech.), excavation
(slang); spec, robber. (contextual); spec, mine, earth, wormcast.
burglarize, v. t. burgle (humorous or colloq.). 2. See lair.
burglary, n. housebreaking, effraction burst, V. t. break, bust (dial, or vulgar), dis-
(rare); spec, robbery. rupt (bookish or literary; chiefly fig.), rend,
burial, n. t. interment, inhumation, en- rupture; spec, shatter; see explode.
tombment (orig. spec), deposition (chiefly burst, V. i. 1. break, bust (dial, or vulgar),
ecd.), sepulture (formal or literary), sepe- disrupt (bookish or literary; chiefly fig.),
Ution (rare), tumulation (rare); spec, vi- rend, rupture; spec, inburst; see explode.
visepulture (rare). 2. break, outburst, outbreak; spec, gush,
Antonyms: see disinterment. outblaze (often fig.), effervesce, sally, flash,
2. See FUNERAL. explode, outflame; see start.
burial, a. I. mortuary, sepulchral, sepul- burst, n. 1. break, rupture, disruption
tural (rare), tombic (rare). (bookish or literary; chiefly fig.), bust (dial,
2. See FUNERAL. or vulgar); spec, eruption; see explosion.
burlesque, a. Spec. Hudibrastic (fl^.; liter- 2. breaking, outburst, outbreak; spec, ex-
ary), burlesque-heroic, mock-heroic, buf- plosion, implosion, outblaze, gush, sally,
fo, macaronic, parodic (rare); see comic. flash, effervescence, spurt.
burlesque, n. 1. Referring to a literary 3. See effort, run.
composition: parody, travesty; spec. bursting, a. disruptive, rending; spec,
caricature, paratragcedia, mock-heroic, eruptive, erumpent (rare); see explosive.
extravaganza, burletta. bury, V. t. 1. inter, inhume, inhumate, sep-
Antonyms: see tragedy. ulcher (rare or spec), ensepulcher (rare),
2. See caricature. sepulture (formal or literary); spec, en-
burlesque, v. t. parody, travesty; spec. tomb, inearth (chiefly poetic), earth (po-
caricature, buffoon, buffoonize. etic or rhetorical), urn, inurn, tumulate
burn, V. t. 1. consume (by fire), combust (rare), tomb (rare), grave (archaic), mold
(obs. or jocular), oxidize-CcAem. or contexts (rare), immure, hearse.
ual); spec carbonize, char, scorch, sear, Antonyms: see disinter.
deflagrate, cremate, cinder (rare), incin- 2. Spec, cache.
erate, kiln, incense, coal (rare), parch, 3. See cover, submerge, ignore, for-
brand, singe, conflagrate (rare), chark get, absorb.
(rare), coke, broil, flame; see roast. bury, n. Spec, camp (dial.), pie, pit,
2. To injure by heat: spec, blister, sear, clamp, cache.
scald, cauterize. bush, n. 1. shrub, scrog (chiefly Scot.), tod
3. bake. I
(archaic or dial.), cop (dial.); spec, bushlet.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. burgeon, d. i.: germinate. burn, n.: brook.
bureaucrat: officer. burgh; tovm. buinigli: polish.
burgeon, n.: bud. burial place: grave, cemetery. burr: hvll.

[9° See Notes of Explanation.

54
 . —
BYWORD
2. See BRUSHWOOD. 2. See CRUEL.
bushing, n. bearing (contextual), coak, butt, n. 1. See stock, aim, object.
bush, bouche, thimble. 2. laughing-stock, byword, make-game
bushlike, a. dumose (rare), dumetose (rare), target, sport, mockery, mock,
(rare). laughter (rare), joke.
bushy, a. brushy, dumose (rare), dume- 8. push, bunt, thrust, buck (coUoq. or
tose (rare), scroggy (chiefly Scot.), bosky, dial.).
busky, thick (contextual); spec, shrubby, butterless, a. dry (toast).
scrubby. buttery, a. butterish (rare), butyraceous
2. See ROUGH. (tech.), butyrous (rare and tech.).
business, n. 1. See task, work, relation, buttocks, n. rump (esp. of animals), pos-
OFFICE, TRAFFIC, INDUSTRY, ERRAND, teriors (pi.), butt (coUoq. and vulgar, exc.
DUTY, CONCERN, AFFAIR. spec), behind (coUoq. or vulgar), funda-
2. occupation, employment, vocation, ment (chiefly tech.), nates (pi.; tech.),
avocation (common in good writers in this breech, bottom (colloq.), seat, tail (dial, or
sense, but as so used avoided by many as vulgar), stern (colloq?), doup (Scot.), po-
unfortunately destroying the useful distinc- dex (tech.), back (contextiial); spec.
tion between "vocation'' and "avocation"), cushions (pi.).
pursuit, calling, profession (chiefly spec), buttony, a. knoblike, bossy, buttonlike,
mystery (archaic), trade (chiefly spec.), umbonal (tech.), umbonate (tech.), um-
faculty (archaic or hist.), shop (chiefly in bonio (rare).
"to talk shop"; colloq.), craft (chiefly spec.) buttress, n. support (contextual), brace
Antonyms: see diversion. (contextual); spec, flying-buttress, arc-
business, a. commercial, industrial. boutant (French), counterpart.
buskin, n. 1. shoe (contextual), half-boot buttress, v. t. support, prop, brace; aU
(contextual), cothurnus. three contextrud.
2. See TRAGEDY. buy, purchase, chap (dial.), coff (ar-
«;. t.

bustle, v. i. 1. fluster, flutter, flurry, hustle chaic, take (contextual; chiefly

Scot.),
(colloq.), rustle (colloq., U. S.), clutter, stir. spec); spec, preempt, ransom, repurchase,
Antonyms: see glide, sit, idle, dawdle. redeem, rebuy, discount; see bribe.
2. See RUSTLE. Antonyms: see sell, hike, grant.
bustle, B. action (contextual), fluster, buy, n. purchase, cheap (obs.), bargain
flurry, flutter, stir, to-do, commotion, (now spec).
fuss, tumult, rustle (colloq., U. S.), hus- buying, n. purchase, emption (chiefly law);
tle (colloq.). spec, preemption, redemption, coemption.
Antonyms: see leisure, deliberation, Antonyms: see sale.
IDLENESS. & by, prep. adv. 1. near, beside, besides
bustling, a. rushing, hurried, tumultuous, (less usual than "beside"), to.
humming, rustling (colloq., U. S.). 2. along, over, through, per (Latin); spec.
Antonyms: see leisurely, idle, de- past.
liberate. 8. See AT, after.
busybody, n. meddler, quidnunc (literary; 4. beside (in comparison).
cordemptuous), pry (rare), Paul Pry (fig.), 5. per (Latin), with, of, forby (archaic);
numquid (rare), pragmatist (rare), prag- spec thereby, therewith, thereof, hereby,
matic (rare); spec, snoop; see gossip. herewith, etc.
but, prep., adv., & conj. 1. See except. by-bidder, n. straw bidder, Peter Fxink
2. however, howbeit (archaic), yet, still, (U. S.).
moreover, nevertheless, natheless or nath- bye, n. 1. See aside.
less (archaic), howsomever (dial, or vul- 2. In games: spec, run, goal, hole.
gar), howsoever (archaic), notwithstand- bystander, n. Spec, spectator, witness.
ing (emphatic). byway, n. sideway (rare); spec, bypath,
butcher, v. t. 1. slaughter. byroad, sidepath, lane.
2. See murder, spoil, bungle, mangle. byword, n. 1. See sating, talk, nick-
butcherly, a. 1. carnificial (learned or af- name.
fected). 2. proverb (word of reproach)

ISr Cross references: see Note. butlery: pantry. buzzard: hawk.

busklned: tragic. butt: corsk. bygone: past.
busky: btishy. [dleaome. buttery: pantry. [danl. byname: name.
busy, a.: active^ occupied, med- buttons: servant, page, atten~ bypath: byway.
busy, V. L: occupy. buyable: purchasable. byplay: aside.
butoher, n.; slaughterer. buxom: plump. by-product: product.
butchery: alaughler, slaughter- buzz, V. i.: hum, ring. byroad: byway.
house. buzz, n.; hum, humming. by-talk: gossip.

{^^ See Notes of Explanation.

55
 CABINET
calculous, d. gritty, stony.
calculus, n. concretion; spec, cystolith,
cabinet, n. 1. room; spec, boudoir. dacryolith, gravel, sand, gastrolith,
2. case, slip {obs.); spec. 6tag6re (French), crab's-eye, stone, bezoar.
vargueno (Spanish); see chest. calendar, n. I. almanac, rubric (rare),
8. See coiTNCiL. calends (pi.; rare); spec, clog (hist.), fasti
cache, v. t. bury, hide, store. (pi.), menology, kalendar (eccl. var).
cackle, Spec, clack, check, gabble,
v. i. 1. 2. list; spec, docket.
gaggle, keckle. calendar, v. t. press (contextual); spec.
See LAUGH, BABBLE, CHATTER. water.
2.
cacophonous, a. ill-sounding; spec, harsh, calf, n. Referring to part of the leg; no —
raucous. "Cacophonous" is rare, learned, syns. The adjective is sural (tech.).
or pedantic. calf, n. 1. bovine (contextual), offspring
cad, n. 1. see attendajtt. (contextual); spec, maverick (U. S.), dogie
2. the sense of "a vulgar fellow": cock-
In (Western U. S.), slink. The adjective for
tail (slang, Eng.), snob (chiefly English). calf is vittine (tech.).
cadet, n. son (contextual), chevalier (hist.); 2. See clown.
spec, duniwassal (Scot.). caliber, n. 1. diameter, bore.
caesura, n. In rhetoric: break, pause, 2. See ability, importance, quality.
lengthening; spec, comma. calibrate, V. t. measure, graduate; spec.
cage, n. aviary (contextual); spec. mew. rectify.
cajole, V. t. flatter, palaver (rare; chiefly call, V. t. 1. See name, utter, summon,
with "eaer"), wheedle, tweedle (rare), carny proclaim, hail, elicit, invoke, con-
or Carney (dial, or colloq. Eng.), joUy (col- sider, encore, evoke, convoke, rouse.
loq.), cog (ohs. or archaic), inveigle, 2. In a legal sense: summon (as from a
blandish. lower court), evoke (rare), evocate (rare).
Antonyms: see bully, intimidate, call, V. i. cry (contextual); spec, coo, hoot,
COMPEL. shout, yell, toot, neigh, whisper, speak,
cajole, V. i. flatter, palaver, carny or cooee or cooey (Australia).
Carney (dial, or colloq. Eng.). call, n. 1. Spec. taUy-ho, fanfare, ho, re-
cajolery, n. flattery, cajolement (rare), cheat (archaic), coo, coop, cooee or cooey
wheedling, blandishment, palaver, jolly- (Australia), cluck, whistle, roU call, note,
ing (colloq.). yell, shout, whisper, trumpet, taps, re-
Antonyms: see compulsion. veille, etc.; see hail, cry.
cake, n. mass (contextual); spec, brick, 2. Spec, summons, convocation, appeal,
block, floe (of ice). demand, duty, need, invitation, visit.
cake, V. i. bake, harden; spec, plaster, 3. Spec, buzzer, bell, horn, annunciator.
crust, encrust. callous, a. 1. hard, hardened, indurated;
calamitous, n. distressing, troublesome, —
all three contextual.
miserable, unhappy, disastrous, catas- 2. See INSENSIBLE.
trophic, sad. callous, V. t. harden, indurate.
calamity, n. 1. trouble, distress, mis- calm, a. 1. In a physical sense: undis-
fortune, misery, unhappiness, aflliction. turbed, tranquil, reposeful, smooth, se-
Antonyms: see happiness, pleasure. rene, imperturbed (rare), unperturbed
2. Referring to an instance of what is (rare), halcyon (days, etc.; poetic or ele-
calamitous: trouble, misfortune, misery, vated), still, quiet, placid, peaceful, pa^
distress, disaster, catastrophe, blow, cific (rare, exc. in "Pacific Ocean"), un-
scourge, curse; spec, fatality. ruffled, calmy (archaic and poetic), un-
Antonyms: see good. troubled.
calculating, a. calculative, scheming, Antonyms: see boisterous, rough,
politic, designing. agitated, stormy, clamorous.
Antonyms: see artless. 2. In u, mental sense: undisturbed, un-
cadaverous: pale. calcify: petrify.
cadence: rhythm, fall,modulation. calculate: compute, discover,
t^^ Cross references: see Note. cadent: rhythmical. think, expect, intend.
cabal, V. L: intrigue. caduceus: staff. calculate, v. i.: rely.
cabal, n.: intrigue, set. Csesax: autocrat. caliginous: dark.
cabala: mysticism. cafe: eating house. caliper, v. t.: measure,
caballst: mystic. cage, V. t.: confine. calipers: compasses.
cable: rope, conductor, message. cairn: heap. oalistbenics: gymnastics.
cablegram: message. caisson: box. called: named.
caboose: cookroom, car. caitiff, a.: contemptible, mean. calligraphy: handwriting.
caobet: brand, ieal. caltifl, n.: wretch. callow: featherless, inexperi-
- oacopbonous: harsh,discordant. calasb: hood. enced, immature.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

56
 — —

CANTANKEROUS
ruffled, quiet, tranquil, phlegmatic, sober, Antonyms: see decamp.
cool, philosophical, composed, reposeful, camp, a. castrensian (rare).
pacific (rare), placid, impassive, unpas- campaign, v. i. Spec, crusade, electioneer.
sionate, equanimous (rare), marble can, n. Spec, cup, tin (Eng.), glass.
(fig.),
marbly (jfiff.), imperturbable, unperturbed, cancel, v. t. 1. deface (contextual), damask
imperturbed, sedate, serene, recollected (obs. or tech., Eng.); spec, obliterate,
(rare), untroubled, douce (Scot), repose- blot, cross, overscore (rare); see delete.
ful, canny (Scot.); see self-controlled, 2. See ABOLISH, revoke, counteract.
PEACEFUL, XJNIMPASSIONBD, TJNEXCITABLE. cancellate, a. reticular, reticulate, reticu-
Antonyms: see uneasy, agitated, ex- lated, cancellous; all tech. or learned.
cited, RAGING, ECSTATIC, IKASCIBLE, candidacy, n. candidateshiu, candidature.
ANXIOUS, CONFUSED, etC. candidate, n. Spec, (ecd), confirmand,
calm, n. 1. In a physical sense: tranquillity, probationer, licentiate, competent.
quiet, quietness, rest, smoothness, repose, candidate, v. i. sit; spec. run.
serenity, serene (rare), serenitude (rare), candle, n. Spec, taper (obsolesc), planet
calmness, stillness, placidity, peace, (cant), paschal, bougie (French), cierge
peaoefulness; spec, doldrums (pi.). (French), dip, pastil.
Antonyms: see activity, outcey, noise, candlestick, n. ceroferary (rare), candel-
agitation, etc. abrum (antiq. or eccl.), chandelier (chiefly
2. In a mental sense: composure, repose, spec); spec, sconce, tricerion, dicerion,
equanimity (formal), temper (chiefly in paschal, torchere (French), standard,
"to lose one's temper," "to keep one's girondole.
temper," or the like), tranquillity, quiet, canine, a. doggy (rare; a weak term),
calmness, composure, serenity, serenitude canicular (rare or phrasal); spec, houndy,
(rare), serene (rare), impassiveness, so- currish, houndish, doggish.
briety, sedateness, soberness, placidity, canine, n. 1. iSee DOG.
rei)osedness (rare), poise, quietude (rare), 2. tooth (contextual), cuspid, laniary (rare).
quietism (rare), imperturbation (rare); cannibal, n. man-eater, anthropophagite
spec, countenance, indisturbance (rare); (rare), anthropophagist (rare), anthro-
see self-control. pophagi (pi.); spec, ogre, ogress.
Antonyms: see activity, agitation, cannibal, a. anthropophagous (learned),
commotion, excitement, ecstasy, dis- anthropophagic (rare), anthropophagian
turbance, etc. (rare; humorously stilted)^ hominivorous
oalm, V. t. 1. See still. (rare); spec, ogreish, ogrish, Thyestean,
2. smooth, settle, still, soothe, sedate (fi^.), necrophagous.
(rare), quiet, tranquilize, compose, pacify, cannonade, v. t. cannon (rare); spec.
(rare), hush, serene (rare), allay, ease bomb, bombard, shell.
(mentally), salve (the conscience); spec, dis- cannonading, n. cannonry; spec, bom-
fever (rare), becalm, lull, lullaby; see cool. barding, drumfire.
Antonyms: see rouse, annoy, agitate, cannoneer, n. artilleryman, gunner; spec.
excite, enliven, disturb, irritate. mitrailleur (French).
calmative, a. calming, quieting, soothing, cannonry, n. I. See cannonading.
tranquilizing, etc., quietive (rare); spec. 2. artillery, guns (pi.), cannon (o collec-
dulcet, balmy, lulling."Calmative" is less tive).
usual and more formal than "calming." canonize, v. t. saint, besaint (contemplv/-
Antonyms: see annoying, agitating, ov£).
disturbing, exciting, irritating. canopy, n. cover (contextual); spec, tester,
calming, n. subsidence. tilt, parasol, dome, heaven, hood, maj-

camp, n. encampment, cantonment (mil.), esty (hist.), pavilion, cope, ciel (French),
leaguer (rare or hist.); spec, bivouac, howdah, coverture (rare).
roundabout (rare), douar or dowar cant, n. 1. pretense, hyj50crisy; spec, and
(Oriental), laager (So. Africa). contemptuous snivel, whine.
camp, V. i. encamp; spec, bivouac, tent, 2. See jargon.
laager (So. Africa), maroon (So. U. S.), cant, V. i. Spec, snivel, whine; hoth con-
outspan (So. Africa). temptuous.

K^" Cross references: see Note. candid: frank. canonical: orthodox.

calumniate: defame. canker, v, t: corrupt. cant, V. i.: snivel, whine.
calumny: defamation. cankerous: ulcerous, consum- cant, n.: slope, bevel, inclina-
campaign, n.: movement. ing. tion.
campanula! : bell-shaped cannon, v. i.: carom, cannonade. cant, V. t.; incline.
cansJ: channel. canny: shrewd, calm. cant, V. i.: slope.
canard: report.^ canon: valley. cantankerous: ill-tempered,
candent: glowing. canon: rule, standard. perverse.

(^^ See Notes of Explanation.

57
 .

CANTER
canter, n. tittup (chiefly dial, or humor- turn, maggot (now rare), kink, frisk
ous); see GAIT. (rare).
canter, v. i. go (contextual), drive (con- Antonyms: see opinion, conviction.
textual), tittup (chiefly dial, or humorous). 2. See CAPBICIOUSNBSS.
canvas, n. 1. fabric (contextual), cloth (corir capricious, a. whimsical, freakish, freaky,
textual); spec, scrim, tarpaulin, poldavy, humorsome, fanciful, fantastical, fickle,
burlap. crotchety, variable, arbitrary, changeable,
2. iSee PAINTING, SAIL, TENT. erratic, fantastic, fantasted (rare), whim-
canvass, v. t. 1. See examine, discuss, sy (rare), whimmy
(colloq.), vagarious
PEDDLE. (rari), wayward, notional, puckish (fig. or
S. solicit, campaign, electioneer. spec), moony (colloq.).
canvass, v. i. solicit. Antonyms: constant.
see
cap, n. 1. hat (contextual); spec, glengarry, capriciousness, n. caprice, fantasticality,
fool's-cap, chaco, coif, busby, caul (hist.), fantasy, phantasy, fantasticalness, whim-
coxcomb, biretta or beret or berret, big- sicality, whimsicalness, humor, notion-
gin (Scot.), calotte, calpac (Turkish), tam- ality.
o'-shanter, tuque, fez, pileus (antiq.), Antonyms:
constancy. see
tarboosh, kepi, mortarboard, zucchetto See chief, commander.
captain, n. I.
2. In nautical usage: master, commander
(Italian), Phrygian cap (the cap of liberty)
2. See TOP. (often spec), skipper (chiefly spec); spec.
capable, a. 1. See able. nakhoda (East Indian), reis or rais (Ara^
2. susceptible, admitting. hie), ressaldar (India), rittmaster (rare),
capacity, n. 1. See ability, qualifica- patron (rare), patroon (rare), serang
tion. (Anglo-Indian), coaster.
2. Referring to capacity to bear or hold: captious, a. 1. catchy (colloq.), entan-
content, burden (naut.), retention (rare). gling, sophistic, fallacious.
caparison, v. t. trap, accouter (contextual). 2. iSee CAVILING, faultfinding.
caparisoned, a. barbed or barded (said of captivate, v. t. captive (archaic), enthrall,
a horse). enslave, fascinate, catch (chiefly colloq.),
cape, n. Spec, pelerine, bertha, Vandyke, charm, enchant, bewitch, fetch (now
talma, tippet, capa (Italian), fichu colloq.), infatuate; spec, sirenize; see
(French). PLEASE.
caper, n. 1. jump (contexluaV) leap (con- , Antonyms: see repel.
textual), prance, skip, gambol, capriccio captivated, a. infatuated, fascinated,
(Italian), caracole, gambade or gambado, charmed, etc., captive.
romp, frisk. captivating, a. pleasant (contextual), in-
2. play, jump, antic, jape, prank, dido fatuating, enchanting, charming, be-
(slang or colloq., U. S.), conceit, trick, witching, witching.
escapade; see frolic. Antonyms: see repellent.
caper, v. i. 1. jump (contextual), leap (con- captivation, n. 1. captivity (rare or archaic),
textual), gambol, frisk, prance (colloq.), enthrallment, enslavement, fascination,
gambado (literary), prank (rare), slap, charm, glamour, enchantment, witchery,
skit (rare), caracol; see frolic. bewitchment, bewitching, servitude.
2. See PRANCE. 2. See SLAVERY.
capital, a. 1. metropoUtan. capture, v. t. 1. seize (contextual), take,
2. See FATAL, CHIEF, IMPORTANT, FINE. get (chiefly colloq. or contextual), appre-
3. Referring to letters: great (chiefly spec); hend (learned), captivate (archaic), cap-
spec, initial. tive (archaic), catch; spec, grab (coUoqT),
capital, n. 1. metropolis, seat. arrest, coUar (colloq.), prize, reduce (a
2. Spec, stock, principal. place), recapture, retake, incaptivate
capitol, n. statehouse (U. S.). (rare), jump (checkers), castle (chess), bag
caprice, n. t. whha, freak, notion, conceit, (hunting).
fantasy, phantasy, fancy; humor, quip, Antonyms: see free.
quirk, vagary, crotchet, fantasticaUty 2. take (as a fort); spec, rush, force.
(rare), whimsicality (rare) ,Swhimsy, crank. Antonyms: see surrender.
K^" Cross references: see Note. cap, 0. cover,
t.: overlie, crown, capitulate: surrender.
cantilever: bracket. surpass, top. capitulation: surrender, sum-
cantle: piece, slice. ,
capacious: roomy. mary.
canton, v. t.: divide. caparison; trapping. capsize, v.: overturn.
canton, n.: district. cape: headland. captive, n.: prisoner.
cantonment,?!, :camp, quarters. capillary : filamentous. captivity: confinement, cap-
cantrip: frolic. capital, n.: top. iivation.
canvasser: solieitor. capitalist: financier. captor : capturer.

US' See Notes of Explanation.

58
 CARGO
capture, n. 1. seizure, taking, catching, meticulous; see anxious, troubled.
apprehension {learned); spec, arrest, re- "Careful" is now archaic in this sense.
duction, prize. a. heedful, attentive, considerate, con-
Antonyms: see freeing. scientious, regardful, mindful, respective
2. In a concrete sense: prize, bag. (rare), thoughtful, close (chiefly spec.),
capturer, n. captor, taker, apprehender nice, diligent, painstaking, painful, curi-
(learned), etc. ous (arcmic), near (chiefly spec.), search-
cap, n. 1. See vehicle. ing, particular, precise.
a. Referring to railroad cars: spec, car- Antonyms: see neglectful, unobserv-
riage, pullman, trolley, tram (JEng.), ant.
tramcar (Eng.), smoker (U. S.), empty, 8. cautious, precautious (rare), cautelous
gondola, box, van (Eng.). sleeper, (archaic), prudent, circumspect, gingerly,
coach, flat, goods wagon (Eng.), caboose, leery (slang), vigilant, watchful, wary,
cab. chary (chiefly spec), guarded, safe, shy,
3. Referring to a haUoon: spec, nacelle, guardful (rare), canny (Scot.; archaic),
basket, gondola. circumspective (rare); spec, noncommit-
4. In an elevator: spec. cage. tal.
caravan, n. 1. company (contextual), cafila Antonyms: see careless, imprudent,
*r kafila (Oriental). NEGLIGENT, UNRESTRAINED, RECKLESS,
a. See VAN. RASH, VENTURESOME.
carbonaceous, a. Spec, coaly, charry, careless, a. 1. unanxious, unconcerned,
plumbaginous. untroubled, unapprehensive, easy, free,
carbonize, v. t. burn (contextual); spec. blithe or blithesome (nearly equal to "hap-
char, coke. py" in sense; literary), easy (rare), secure
card, n. 1. Spec, ticket, carte-de-visite (literary), cavalier, supine (chiefly spec),
(French), carte, rose. inconsiderate, incurious (archaic), worri-
a. Referring to playing cards: pasteboard less (rare), poco-curante (Italian), in-
(colloq. or cant), Devil's picture books souciant (French), nonchalant; see im-
(obs. or rare; pi.); spec, court card, dis- prudent, INDIFFERENT.
card, tarot (French). Antonyms: see anxious.
care, n. 1. cark (archaic), solicitude, con- 2. heedless, inattentive, inconsiderate,
cern, concernment, carefulness, reck (po- disregardful, harebrained, regardless,
etic), distress; see trouble, anxiety. thoughtless, unthinking, unmindful, im-
Antonyms: see carelessness, happi- provident (chiefly spec), imprudent, neg-
ness. lectful, negligent, uncareful (rare), mind-
a. charge, guardianship, ward (literary or less, incogitant (rare), unheedful, un-
formal), custody, keep, keeping, safe- wary, slovenly, unguarded, cursory, cas-
keeping, protection, trust (rare), guard- ual, unheedy (rare), incurious (archaic),
ship (rare); spec, commendam; see over- unobservant, inobservant, incautious, un-
sight. careful (rare), unattentive (rare); spec.
8. heed, thought, heedfulness, vigilance, offhand, rash, slack; see reckless.
attention, caution, gingerliness, concern, Antonyms: see watchful, careful,
consideration, precaution, guardedness, CONSCIENTIOUS, PRUDENT, VIGILANT.
wariness, regard, reck (poetic), particu- carelessness, n. unconcern, ease, security,
larity, niceness, notice, pains (pi.), pains- nonchalance, etc. Cf. careless.
taking; see PRUDENCE. Antonyms: see care, consideration.
Antonyms: see carelessness, negli- caress, v. t. fondle, cherish (archaic), daut
gence, IMPRUDENCE, RECKLESSNESS, (Scot.), coddle (chiefly vrith a suggestion of
rashness. excess), coax (archaic), pet; spec, touch,
4. Referring to that which causes care: stroke, lap, pat, kiss, bill, hug, dandle,
responsibility, anxiety, concern; see dander (dial. Eng.), cuddle, overfondle;
TROUBLE. see KISS.
care, v. i. 1. In the sense of "to concern Antonyms: see beat, abuse, ill-treat.
oneself": cark (archaic), reck (poetic). caress, n. fondle (rare); spec, touch,
2. heed, notice, consider, think (con- stroke, pat, kiss, hug, dandle.
textual); see ATTEND. Antonyms: see blow.
careful, a. 1. carking (archaic), solicitous, caressing, n. fondling, dalliance (literary),
solicitudinous (rare), concerned; spec. cherishment (rare), cherishing (rare).

X^ Cross references: see Note. cardiac: stimulating. career, n,; race, course.
oaraoole: turn, caper. cardinal, a.: chief. career, v. i.: rush.
carcass: body. cardinal, n..- prince. careworn: weary.
cardboard: pasteboard. careen: incline. cargo: load.

fS" See Notes at Explanation.

59
 ,

CARICATURE
caricature, n. 1. See btjhlbsqub. 2. tMe: cut;
Referring to carving at the
2. misrepresentation (contextiuil), mis- spec or rare) mince, lift, flush,
(all obs.
description [chiefly spec), burlesque, trav- display, disfigure, unjoint.
esty, parody; spec, cartoon. case, n. I. Spec, (in grammar) genitive,
carnival, n. merrymaking, festival, revel- accusative, nominative, dative, ablative,
ry; spec. Mardigras. objective, vocative.
carnivorous, a. flesh-eating, sarcophagous 2. See example, state, patient, action,
{rare), zoophagous (rare); spec, equivor- CHARACTER.
ous (rare), ichthyophagous, omophagous, case, n. 1. receptacle (contextual), holder
necrophagous, predaceous, cannibal. (contextual), container (contextTjud; cant),
carol, n. song, lay; spec. noel. casing; spec box, chest, cabinet, drawer,
carom, 71. shot (contextual), cannon {chiefly bag, vahse, sheath, scabbard, cartouche,
Eng.), carambole {rare). canister, shell, cellaret, burse, chasse
carom, v. i. rebound, cannon {chiefly (French), shrine, pyx, 6tui (French), quiv-
Eng.); spec, glance. er, holster, housewife, hackle, hutch, cof-
carom, v. t. Spec. bank. fer, crate, cartridge, portfolio; see cab-
carouse, n. carousal, orgy, debauch, rack- inet, CASKET.
et (slang), jamboree (slang, U. S.), spree 2. covering, cover; spec sheath, skin, hull,
(colloq.), bat (slang), bout, bust or buster cocoon, shell, carpet, etc.
(slang), rouse (archaic), fuddle (slang or case, V. t. cover (contextual), incase; STpee.
colloq.),rantan (slang; rare), wassail (ar- bag, sheathe, crate; see box.
chaic), toot (slang, U.S.), bouse or boose or casb, n. money; spec coin, chink (slang),
(coUoq.) booze, drunk (slang) , soak (slang)
,
brass (slang), silver, gold, rowdy (slang),
tear (slang; U. S.), saturnalia (pi.; some- dust (slang), paper.
times iised OS a sing.), bacchanalia (pi.). cash, V. t. encash (rare); spec, realize.
carouse, v. i. rant (rare), debauch, bum cask, n. receptacle (contextual), barrel,
(vulgar slang), drink (contextual), spree container (contextual; cant), stand (chiefly
(colloq.), bouse (rare), or boose or (coUoq.) obs. and spec); spec cade, caroteel, butt,
booze. keg, tierce, hogshead, firkin, castrel,
carriage, n. 1. See transportation, be- puncheon, pipe, tun, kilderkin.
havior, VEHICLE. casket, n. receptacle (contextual), box
2. bearing, mien, air, poise, port, port- (contextual), case, pyx or pyxis (rare or
ance (archaic), behavior, conduct, de- spec); spec, reliquary, rehquaire (French),
meanor, presence, front, gest (archaic), coffin.
personage; spec, gait, walk, run, step, cast, V. t. 1. See THROW, project, vomit,
tournure (French), elevation, lift. overturn, abort, REJECT, REMOVE,
carriage house, remise (rare), hangar SHED, PUT, ADD, APPOINT, PREDICT.
(French; chiefly spec), coach house. 2. run, found; spec recast.
carrion, n. flesh (contextual); see offal. castellan, n. governor (contextual), keeper
carry, v. 1. 1. <See transport, extend, pro- (contextual), chastelain.
long, SUPPORT, BEHAVE, CONDUCT, AF- caster, n. 1. roller (contextual), trundle,
FORD. truckle (rare), wheel (contextual).
2. Referring to news, messages, informa- 2. See BOTTLE.
tion, etc.: communicate, transmit, bear, casting, n. founding, cast; spec, run,
take, bring, convey. molding.
3. hold (as the head, oneself, etc.), bear castrate, v. t. geld (chiefly tech. referring
(oneself); spec port (mil.). to the rmHe); spec, cut, spay (the female),
4. keep (as in stock), hold, have. emasculate (chiefly fig.), evirate (referring
carry, v. i. Referring to a gun, etc.: reach, to the male; rare), steer (a male calf; rare),
shoot. unman (a man), capon or caponize (a
carry, n. Spec, portage. cock), eunuchize (rare), twitch (a beas().
cartilaginous, a. gristly, chondric (rare). castrated, a. gelt, gelded.
carve, v. i. 1. See cut, chisel, engrave, casually, adv. happy-go-lucky, haphazard,
SCULPTURE. hitty-missy (rare or dial.).

tW Cross references; see Note. carousal: carouae, toumameni. carving: engraving, sculpture.
caricature, v. t.: burlesgue. carp, V. i.: cavil. cascade: waterfall.
carina: ridge. carping, a.: faultfinding, casement: sash, window,
carious: decomposed. carte: card. cashier, v. t,: discharge.
cark, n.: care. carton: pasteboard, box, huU's- casing: cover, case, covering.
cark, n. t: trouble. eye, shot. cast, n.: exuvium.
carnage: slaughter. cartoon, n.: design, caricature. castaway: abandoned.
carnal: bodily, worldly, sensual. cartoon, v. t.: burlesque. castigate: punish, reprove.
carol,V,: amg. cartouche: box, tablet, scroll. castigatory: punitive.

^SW See Notes of Explanation.

60
 CAUTIOUS
casualty, n. 1. See chance. catching, a. inoculable, contagious, com-
2. In pi.; mil.: losses. municable, taking {chiefly U. S.), infec-
cat, n. feline {tech. or learned), Baudrons tious; spec, pestilential, pestiferous,
(Scottish; a proper name, like "Reynard" noxious.
for the fox), pusa {chiefly a call name), cathartic, a. laxative, physic, purgative,
pussy {chiefly a pet name), miauler {faruA- purging, aperient, evacuatory, eccoproc-
fyl), grimalkin {chiefly spec), gib {famil- tic {mUd; rare), eccritic {rare), deobstru-
iar; chiefly spec.); spec, mouser, rumpy ent {tech.), alviducous {rare), deoppilent
{coUoq.), tortoiseshell, tomcat {male), {rare or obs.), lapactic {rare).
tommy {male; coUoq.), tabby, kit, kitten, Antonyms: see constipating.
bobcat, kitty {a pet name), kitling {diai.), cathartic, n. laxative, physic, purgative,
catling, maltese. Angora. purge, aperient, dejector {rare), eccoproc-
catalogue, n. list; spec, didascaly, index, tic {rare), evacuant.
sanctilogy, beadroU. cathedra, n. seat, chair, throne, see {ar-
catalogue, v. t. Spec, list, index. chaic).
catastrophe, n. 1. cataclysm, convxilsion; cathedral, n. duomo {Italian); spec, sec-
spec, debacle, d€b&cle {French), upheaval, ondary.
paroxysm. catholic, a. 1. See general, liberal.
2. ending, d6no<iment {French). 2. [cap.] Short for "Roman Catholic":
Antonyms: see beginning. Roman, Romish {chiefly in derogation),
S. See CALAMITT. Popish {used only in derogation).
catastrophic, a. 1. convulsionarv, cata- Catholicize, v. t. Romanize.
clysmal, cataclysmic, paroxysmal {rare). cattle, a. 1. In a general sense: see stock.
a. See calamitous. 2. Referring to bovines: beeves {pi.), neat
_

catch, V. t. 1. take, seize, nab {slang or coU {archaic; a collective); spec, {pi.) red-polls,
loq.); spec, nick {slang), entoil {archaic), shorthorns, Lancashires, Jerseys, Hol-
land, net, mesh, dredge, hme, gill, ginnle, steins, etc.
hook, illaqueate {rare), grin {archaic), cattle raising: boviculture {affected).
noose, guddle, entangle, enmesh, snap, causable, a. inducible, producible
snare or {emphatic) ensnare, trawl, trap causal, a. 1. Spec, creational.
or {emphatic) entrap, drag; see seize, 2. See CAUSATIVE.
CAPTUKE, TKAP. causative, a. inductive, inducive {rare),
Antonyms: see free, throw. productive, causal {rare), creative {chiefly
2. attract {the attention, fancy, etc.), en- spec), generative.
gage, take, arrest, smite {rhetorical.), hit cause, V. t. produce, effect, effectuate
{cMloq.); see captivate. {rare), gar {Scot.), make, have, do {obs.),
S. Referring to a cold, disease, etc.: con- germinate (Jig. or spec), keep {rare; eguiv.
tract, take, get. to "keep up"), inchoate {rare), provoke,
4. Referring to chastisement, reproof, etc.: originate, let (archaic or phrasal), create,
receive, get. generate, occasion, breed, bring, raise,
5. get {as a train), make, nick {slang, work; spec, necessitate, bear, will, induce,
Eng.). superinduce; see excite, form.
6. trip {in a favtt), nick {slang., Eng.). Antonyms: see prevent.
7. See OVERTAKE, DISCOVER, RECEIVE, cause, n. 1. principle (tech. or literary),
FASTEN, UNDERSTAND, PERCEIVE, HEAR, origin, producer (rare), wherefore (col-
PHOTOGRAPH. loq?), inducement, occasion; see motive,
catch, V. i. 1. seize, hold; spec, hitch. REASON.
2. See KINDLE, GASP. Antonyms: see resui/t.
catch, n. 1. seize, seizure, hold; spec, grasp, 2. See action, side.
grab, snatch, etc. caustic, a. 1. burning, escharotic (tech.);
Antonyms: see miss. spec, catheretic.
2. Spec, trigger, trap, detent, click, dog, 2. In mathematics: spec, catacaustic, dia-
latch, barb, buckle, snap, fence, pallet, caustic.
pawl. 3. See acrid, acrimonious.
3. Thing or amount caught: spec, take, net, caustic, n. 1. escharotic (tech.), cauter,
fare, trip, trap, draft, haul, shot, field, fly. cautery; spec, catheretic, moxa.
4. See ROUND. 2. Spec catacaustic, diacaustic.

t^" Cross references: see Note. cataract: waterfall, deluge. causeless: groundless,
casuistry: prevarication. catchy: t^raciive, deceptive.^ caution, n..* warning, care.
cataclyBm: catastrophe, up- catechize, v. f.: teach, Question. caution, v. t.: warn.
heaval. categorical: dogmatic. cautionary: warning,
cataplasm: poultice. cater: provide. cautious: careful.

t^° See Notes of Explanation.

61
 —

CAVALIER
cavalry, n. soldiery (contexltud), horse; 2. notable, name, light, luminary, lion,
spec, uhlan; in the British Army: Yeo- lioness.
manry, Life Guards, Horse Guards, celibacy, n. singleness, celibate (archaic);
Dragoon Guards, Dragoons, Hussars, spec, virginity.
Lancers. celibate, a. single, unmarried; spec, virgin.
cavalTyman, n. soldier (contextital) horse- celibate, n.
, Spec, bachelor, maid or
man, troop, plxmger (mil. slang); sj>ec. maiden (obs. or legal, exc. as of women),
horse guard, heavy, roughrider, reiter spinster, old maid (Jem.; colloq, or con-
Qiist.), dragoon, silladar (Anglo-Indian), temptuous).
cuirassier, hussar, matross (hist., U. S.), Antonyms: see benedict, husband,
cossack. WIPE.
cave, n. recess, cavern, den (chiefly spec); cell, n. 1. Spec utricle, vacuole, theca,
spec, grotto, grot (poetic), nymphaeum, spore, amoeba, corpuscle, plastid, locule,
Lupercal (rare; antiq.). loculus, loculament, locellus, eye, cellule,
cave-dweller, n. caveman, troglodyte hsematid, hsemad, macrocyte.
(tech.). 2. room (contextual); spec serdab, vault,
cave- dwelling, a. cavemicolous (rare), reclusory (rare), concameration (rare),
troglodyte (tech.), speluncous (rare). box (slang).
cavil, n. criticism (contextual), carping; 8. See COMPARTMENT.
spec, wrangle. celled, a. collate, cellated, cellulate; all
cavil, V. i. except (contextual), carp, nibble, these tech.
haggle (chiefly spec), higgle (chiefly spec), cell-like, a. cytoid (tech.).
stickle; spec, quarrel, wrangle. cellular, a. Spec, loculose (tech.), locula-
caviling, a. critical (contextual), captious, mentose (tech.; rare), loculamentous
hairsplitting, carping, exceptive (rare), (tech.; rare), favose (tech.), comby (rare),
exceptions (rare); spec hypercritical. honey-combed, faveolate (tech.).
cavity, n. hole, hollow; spec, hold (of a cement, n. Spec glue, lute, hme, putty,
ship), sinus (tech.), ventri cuius, vacuole, tar, mortar, paste, solder. "Cement" is
bug, well, diverticulum (tech.), pocket, chiefly spec.
fossa or fosse, pit, depression, fossette, cement, v. i. conglutinate (rare), glue
druse, lacuna (tech.), crypt, cistern, (primarily spec), stick; spec, solder, iSne,
atrium, cup; see chamber. paste, ferruminate (archaic), mortar, be-
Antonyms: see pkojection, protuber- lute (rare), lute, putty, grout, plaster.
ance. Antonyms: see break.
ceiling, n. ceil (rare and poetic), roof, cemetery, n. burial place, graveyard, gol-
plafond (French); spec, cupola. gotha (literary), necropolis (rhetorical);
celebrate, v. t. 1. See observe, praise. spec, polyandrium, catacomb, churchyard
2. proclaim, extol, emblazon, emblaze (archaic or hist.).
(rare), commemorate, sing, sound, re- censer, n. thurible, incensory; spec, casso-
sound, laud, trumpet, royalize (rare), re- lette, incense boat, navicula, nef (French).
nown (rare); spec, historicize, fame (rare), censorious, a. critical (contextual), culpar
sonnet (rare), hymn, concelebrate (rare), tory (rare), condemnatory, reproljative,
tune, lionize, rime or rhyme, berime or disapprobatory (rare), reprehensive, rep-
berhyme (emphatic; often contemptuous). rehensing (rare), reprehensory (rare);
Antonyms: see depreciate. spec, vitriolic, cynic; see faultfinding.
celebrate, v. i. jubilate, jubilize (rare); Antonyms: see approving, praising.
spec triumph. censure, n. 1. blame, coridemnation,
celebration, n. 1. See observance, reproach (rare), reprehension, reprobation
praise, communion. (rare), objurgation (rare), reproof, hit
2. proclamation, emblazonment, com- (colloq.), knock (slanp), criticism, stric-
memoration, laudation, etc Cf. cele- ture, nip, animadversion (literary); spec.
brate, V. t. attack, diatribe, backbite, dyslogy (a
3. Spec, festivity, festival, triumph, ova- nonce word); see blame, blaming, re-
tion, Eucaemia (Oxford Univ.), anniver- proof.
sary, biennial, triennial, etc., birthday. Antonyms: see applause, approval,
celebrity, n. 1. See fame. praise, compliment.

B^° Cross references: see Note. cavern: cave. celerity: rapidity.

cavalier, n.: horseman, knight,
gentleman, escort, lover.
cavalier, a.: careless, proud.
cavalierly: proud.
cave'ln: collapse.
cease: stop. celestial, a.: heavenly, divine,
ceaseless: constant, endless. Chinese.
cede, V, t.: relinquish, transfer. celestial, n.: angel.
ceil: line. censurable: blamable, repre-
celebrated: famous. hensible.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

62
 . — —

CHANCE
2. Referring to direct criticism of a person:
8. With "to" and the infinitive: sure,
see KEPRoop. boimd, destined.
censure, v. 1. 1. condemn, reproach, repre- certainty, n. 1. Spec
fixity, definiteness,
hend, reprobate, reprove ixare), hit (col- unquestionableness,
etc.
loq.), knock {slang), tax (rare), fault
2. In a sense implying unfailing correct-
{rare), scarify {fy.), perstringe {rare), ness: sureness, assurance {rare), surety,
criticize; spec, backbite, attack; see certitude; spec. infaUibiUty.
BLAME. Antonyms: see uncertainty, doubt.
Antonyms: see applaud, approve, S. Meaning a thing that is unquestionable
PRAISE, COMPLIMENT. or inevitable: surety, cinch {slang). "Sure
2. Referring to direct censure of a person: thing" is chiefly slang.
see REPROVE. Antonyms: see chance.
census, n. lustrum {Roman antiq.; rare). certificate, n. Spec,
policy, scrip, deben-
cent, n. copper {colloq.), penny (o loose ture.
usage). chafed, a. rubbed, galled, fretted, eaten,
centenary, a. secular; spec, centennial, foxed {dial.), worn.
hundredal. cliafly, a. paleaceous, paleate; hath tech.
center, n. I. In a physical sense: middle, chain, n. 1. catena {rare or tech.); spec
omphalos (rare; fig. or spec), hub
(fig.), painter, fob.
navel {fig.); spec, nucleus, pivot, radiant. 2. See ROW, string, series, mountain.
metropolis, coom (Scot.) bull's-eye. chair, n. Spec, tumbrel, rocker, round-
Antonyms: circumference, edge,
see about {U. S.), throne, Cromwell chair,
VERGE, RIM. curule chair, faldstool, exedra; see
2. In a nonphysieal sense: focus, hub, cathedra.
heart, core, navel, pivot, hinge, kernel, chairman, n. president, presider; sriec
'
nucleus. toastmaster, moderator, speaker, proloc-
center, v. t. 1. centralize, concenter {rare utor, croupier.
or spec); spec, focus. chalky, a. cretaceous {literary or tech.),
2. See UNITE. cretous {rare).
central, a. middle; spec, focal, nuclear, challenge, v. t. 1. dare, defy, stump
pivotal. {colloq.. 17. S.), deraign {hist, or obs.),
century, n. I. centennium {rare), cen- brave (rare).
tenary (rare). 2. See question.
2. See HUNDRED. challenge, n. 1. dare, defy (colloq.), de-
ceramics, n. pottery. fiance, stump (colloq., U. S.).
cereal, n. 1. Referring to the plant: grain, 2. See objection.
corn {chiefly spec, the particular sense chamber, n. 1. See room, bedroom, com-
varying with the locality); spec, oat, pea, partment, assembly.
bean. 2. Referring to a room for official business
2. See GRAIN. or public assembly: camera {rare, tech., or
cerebrate, v. i. mentalize {rare). spec); spec, bourse, exchange, curia, hall.
cerebration, n. mentalism, mentation. 3. cavity, camera (rare or tech.); spec.
ceremony, n. 1. Referring to the action or coffer, cofferdam, kistvaen, casemate, lock,
procedure: performance, observance, rite, vault, cist, cell; see grave.
function {chiefly spec), ofBce. practise; chambered, a. concamerated, camerate;
spec sacrament, mummery (contemptur- spec, septate, locular; aU tech., exc
ous), ordinance {eccl.), tenebrae {pi.). chambered.
2. Referring to the form: see form. chambermaid, n. femme de chambre
certain, a. 1. See fixed, definite, un- (French)
avoidable, UNQUESTIONABLE, CONFI- champagne, n. simkin (Anglo-Indian).
DENT. champion, n. 1. protector, defender; spec.
2. In. a sense implying unfailing correct- knight, knight-errant, paladin (fig.).
ness: sure, assured (rare), infallible. 2. See SUPPORTER, victor.
Antonyms: see uncertain, doubtful, chance, n. 1. Referring to a way of happen^
HESITATING. ing of events or to a fortuitous state of af-
tS^ Cross references: see Note. cession: transfer, reKnguisA- challenge, v. i.: object.
ceremonl^, a,; formal. ment. challenging;: defiant.
ceremonial, n,: form. chafe, V. t.:rvh. champaign: plain, country.
ceremonious: formal. chafe, V. i.: rub. fret. champion, v. t.; protect, sup-
certify: assure, authenticale. ohafl, n,: pleasantry, refuse. port.
certitude: confidence^ certainty. ohafl, V. t: banter. championship: protection,
cerulean: asure. chain, V. t.: bind, fasten. support.
cessation: ato'Pt intermiaaion. chalice: cup. chance, v. i.: happen.

iW See Notes of Explanation.

63
 ,

CHANCE
fairs:outcome, fortune, cast {qhsolescent) changeable, a. 1. movable, variable, mo-
hazard {rare), casualty (obsolescent), per- bile, versatile (rare or spec), mutable;
adventure (Jiterary), venture {archaic); see exchangeable, movable.
spec, toss-up {colloq.), gamble. Antonyms: see immovable, fixed.
Antonyms: see certainty, necessity. 2. Alterable, varying, variant, variable,
2. Referring to a particular happening: mutable, modifiable, inconstant, fickle
occurrence, accident, casualty, contin- (fiO'),'
spec changeful, vicissitudinous,
gency, contingence, fortuity, fortune, vicissitudinary, chatoyant, shot.
hap peradventure (literary); spec.
{rare), Antonyms: see constant, fixed.
draw, chance-medley; see misporttjne. 3. fickle, inconstant, variable, light-
Antonyms: see necessity. headed or hght, moody (obsolescent), hare-
3. Referring to chance generically, a sense brained, flighty, mutable, shifty (chiefly
often personified: accident, hazard, hap- spec), skittish (fig.), volatile (literary),
hazard, contingency {rare), contingence feathery (fig.; rare), versatile (rare), mer-
{rare), hap; spec, luck; see fortune. curial (literary), unstable, changeful.
Antonyms: see necessity. Antonyms: see constant, o:^BTINATB,
4. See opportunity, contingency. fixed.
chance, a. accidental, contingent, casual, changeableness, n. 1. movableness, vari-
chanceable {archaic), chanceful {archaic), ableness, etc
stray {fig.), blind, blindfold (fig.), hap- 2. alterableness, variableness, incon-
hazard, errabund {rare), harum-scarum stance, etc.
{colloq.); see purposeless, aimless. Antonyms: see application.
Antonyms: see consequential, inten- changeling, n. t. Proteus (fig.); spec.
tional. waverer, turncoat; renegade.
chancel, n. sanctuary, bema {eccl.; antiq.). 2. oof.
chandelier, n. I. candlestick. 3. See idiot.
2. pendant {contextual); spec, gaselier, changing, a. 1, changeful, fluxile (rare),
electrolier, corona, pendant {rare), crown. various (rare or archaic), mobile, dynamic
change, n. 1. See exchange, removal, or dynamical (tech.).
substitution. 2. alterative, modifying, modificatory.
2. variation, alteration, transition, mu- channel, n. 1. conduit, canal, course, duct,
tation, variance, turning, turn {chiefly carrier (contextiud) ; spec, trough (now
colloq.), transmutation, passage, passing, U.S.), gutter, groove, furrow, cloaca, cal-
pass, movement {chiefly spec), shift oriduct (rare), sewer, main, rabbet, artery,
(chiefly spec), go (colloq. or slang), revo- aorta, vein, runway, airway, cesspipe,
lution (rare), novation (rare); spec, start, pipe, lateral, aqueduct, drain, flute, shoot,
bob, break, graduation, risk, vicissitude; intake, leader, canahculus, couhsse
see transformation, qualification, (French), culHs, flume, riffle, wadi, ditch,
conversion. dike, downcomer, dale, lumen, meatus,
Antonyms: see constancy, continua- launder, main, neck, katabothron (rare),
tion. marigot (French), lead, run, runnel,
3. Referring to garments: shift (now U. S. runner, sulcation (rare), donga (So.
or dial. Eng.). Af.), gullet (local Eng.), guUy, funnel, cul-
change, v. t. 1. exchange (often spec), vert, sluice, raceway or race (chiefly U. S.)
commute; spec, shift (one's garments); see 2. Referring to the deep part of a water-
exchange, move, remove. way: thalweg (German; tech?), thread,
2. alter, vary, qualify, variate (rare), runway (rare), ditch (contemptuous); spec.
modify, transform, mutate (chiefly spec), tideway, gut, sound, strait, swash, race-
convert, turn; spec, provect, transmute, way or race (chiefly U. S.), neck, lead,
moderate, diminish, increase, intensify, fairway.
qualify, transform, shade, convert. 3. Referring to a long depression: spec.
Antonyms: see fix. furrow, groove, sulcation (rare), trough,
change, v. i. alter, vary, variate (rare), fluting, dig, scratch, score, gouge, cut,
shift (chiefly spec), pass, resolve (literary gutter.
or spec), go (colloq. or spec), mutate Antonyms: see ridge.
(chiefly spec), turn (chiefly spec); spec. channel, v. t. Spec, gutter, canal (rare),
shape (as in "things are shaping his way;" gully, ravine, chamfer, ditch, canaUze,
colloq.), glide, sink, jump, break, range, sweat (obs. or Scot.).
graduate, grade. channeled, a. Spec, guttered, guttery,
Antonyms: see continue. ditched.
t^^ Cross references: see Note. changeful . changeable, changing, \ moving.

Notes ot Explanation.
64
 —

chant, n. Spec, hymn, song, canticle,
requiem (chiefly poetic), intonation.
chaos, n. 1. abyss, void; spec. Ginnunga-
gap.
2. See CONFUSION.
chapel, n. Spec, galilee, vestry, cubiculum,
crypt, chantry, oratory, pool, Bethesda.
chaperon, n. gouvernante (French); spec.
duenna.
chaperon, v. t. matronize (rare).
chapter, n. 1. division (contextual); spec.
sura (in the Koran), capitular.
2. See ASSEMBLY, BRANCH.
char, V. t. burn, scorch, carbonize (tech.),
sear.
char, n. burn, scorch, scar; spec, charcoal,
snuff.
character, n. t. See figure, mark, na-
ture, QUALITY, HANDWRITING, TYPE,
STYLE, PERSONALITY, PERSONAGE, REPU-
TATION.
2. symbol, emblem (fl^. or contextual),
figure (spec, or contextual); spec, letter,
type, hieroglyph, hieroglyphic, polyphone,
ideograph, pictograph, descender, hook.
8. personage, eccentric, crank (coUoq.),
original, erratic (rare), vagarian (rare),
case (colloq. or slang, U. S.), oddity
(colloq.). "Character" is somewhat collo-
quial in this sense.
characteristic, n. feature, trait, peculi-
arity, physiognomic (rare); spec, diagnos-
tic (esp. me£); see quality, distinction.
charge, n. 1. See price, expense, tax,
ACCUSATION, COMPLAINT, BIDDING, CARE,
BURDEN, ATTACK.
2. liability, burden, encumbrance, tax
(orig. spec.), expense; spec, assessment, chastity, n. 1. purity, pureness, innocence,
rate; see mortgage.
3. rate, tax (colloq. or slang, U. S.); spec.
average, demurrage, tarijff, terminals chattel, n. chose (tech.), movable, things
(pi.), dockage, storage, etc.; see price.
4. debit (tech.), chalk (spec, or fig.), score see GOODS.
(spec), due.
5. Referring to firearms, a furnace, etc.:
load; spec, round, blast, feed (fig-).
charge, v. t. 1. See pill, bid, assess, ac- twaddle or twattle (now dial, or colloq.),
cuse, ATTACK, PREPARE, LOAD.
2. burden, commission, intrust, tax, en-
charge (rare).
3. Referring to a person: tax (colloq.,
U.S.).
4. Referring to the amount: debit (tech.).
CHATTER
score (rare); spec, peg, size (Eng. uni-
versities).
5. Referring to what is charged with a
liaMlily: burden, incumber; see mort-
gage.
charitable, .a. 1. See benevolent.
2. eleemosynary (literary, tech., or euphe-
mistic).
3. Uberal, considerate; spec, fair-minded,
large-hearted.
charity, n. 1. See love, kindness, benev-
olence, alms.
2. Spec, foundation, bequest, hospital,
college (chiefly Eng.).
charm, n. 1. See bewitchbry, bewitch-
ment, ATTRACTION, ATTRACTIVENESS,
CAPTIVATION.
2. Spec, tahsman, fetish or fetich, medi-
cine (anthropology), saphie (North Africa),
obi or obeah (negro), greegree (Africa),
amulet.
Antonyms: see hoodoo.
charmer, n. 1. See magician.
2. Referring to a charming person, esp. a
woman: witch (colloq.).
chase, n. 1. In the generic sense: pursuit,
hunting, course, hunt, cynegetics (rare);
spec, venery.
2. See HUNT, game, pursuit.
chase, v. i. pursue; spec, run; with
"after."
chaste, a. 1. pure, clean, white (fig.), in-
nocent, honest (rare or archaic), virtuous.
Antonyms: see unchaste, lewd, im-
moral, COARSE, BEASTLY, INDECENT, COR-
RUPT, LASCIVIOUS, LICENTIOUS.
2. See PURE, PROPER.
honor, virtue, virtuousness.
2. See PURITY.
(pi.; chiefly spec.); spec, distress (migTj;
chatter, n. 1. babble (rare), jargon, jangle,
patter (colloq.), gabble (contemptuovs),
clatter (contemptuous), patter (colloq.),
claver (contemptuous, Scot.), clack (con-
temptuous), mag (colloq.), cackle (con^
temptxMus or spec), gibber, gibberish,
jabber, jibber (rare), prattle, prate (rare),
prating, prittle-prattle (rare); spec. talk.
2. jSee babble, rattle.

t^" Cross references: see Note. charg§: diplomatic agent. chart, t>. t.:tahulaie.
chant, V. t.: sing, intone. chargeable: attributable. charter, n,: deed, privilege.
chanticleer: cock. charger: platter, horse. charter, v. t.: hire.

ohaotio: formlees, confused. charlatan: quack. chary: careful, prudent.

chap: person. charm, v. t.; bewitch, captivate, chase, v. t.: hunt, pursue.
chaptallen: depressed. attract. chasm: abyss, deft, break, void.
chsplet: crown. charming: captivating, pleas- chasten: purify, punish.restrain.
chapped: cracked. ant, attractive. chastise: punish.
chaps: jaw, chops. charnel house: ossuary. chat, V. i.: converse.
charge, v. i.: rush. chart, n.: table. chat, n.: conversation.

ts" See Notes ot Explanation.

65
 .

CHATTER
chatter, babble, jargon, jargonize
v. i. 1. 8. repulse, rebuff, setback {U. S.), back-
{rare), jabble {rare), patter {coUoq.), gab- set, thwart {rare); spec. snub.
ble {contempttums), prattle, jabber, prate, 4. mark; spec, tick, prick, tally, dash.
Mat or blate {vulgar or contemptuous); 5. Referring to thai by which a thing is
spec. talk. controlled, measured, etc.: spec, standard,
S. See BATTLE. control.
chatter, v. i. 1. patter, prate, rattle {fig.). checkered, a. cheeky, chequ^ or chequS
2. See RATTLE. {heraldry).
cheap, a. 1. inexpensive; spec, easy {coU cheek, n. 1. jowl {rare or dial.); spec, gills
log.); see economical. {pi.; slang).
Aritonyms: see costlt. 2. See impudence.
2. See LOW-PRICED. cheer, v. t. 1. encourage, inspirit, cherish
8. vulgar, meretricious; spec, popular; {rare), comfort, strengthen, solace, con-
see BASE, PALTRY, GAUDY. sole, hearten, enliven, brighten, encheer
cheat, V. i. sharp, shark {rare), swindle. {rare), recreate {rare), rehearten {rare),
cheat, V. t. 1. defraud, swindle, beguile, hven {colloq.), warm; spec, chirrup.
cozen {now literary), victimize {context- Antonyms: see abash, discourage,
ual), bilk {colloq.), gouge {colloq.), fob or SADDEN, grieve, DEPRESS.
fub {rare), daddle {colloq.), bob {obs.; 2. See APPLAUD.
slang), bucket {slang), rogue {rare), cheer, v. i. shout {contextual), jolly {Eng.);
shave, rook {colloq. or slang)^ gudgeon spec, hurrah, hurray, hurra, huzza.
{colloq.), mump {colloq.; obs.), lurch {ar- cheer, n. 1. encouragement, comfort, sol-
chaic), ramp {sUmg), Jew {used opprobri- ace, consolation, consolement {rare), en-
ously by nan- Jews; vulgar), cozen {now lit- livenment, recreation {rare).
erary), cony-catch {obs.); spec, cog, fleece, 2. shout (contextual), jolly {Eng.); spec.
thimblerig, bunco, chouse {colloq. or slang) tiger, huzza, hurrah, hurray, hurra.
2. See DECEIVE. cheerful, a. 1. light, light-hearted, bright,
cheat, n. 1. swindle, beguilement {esp. the •chipper {slang or colloq., U. S.), chirrupy
action), do {slang), cross {cant or slang), {colloq.), Uvely, merry, jocund {literary),
fraud. debonair {literary), Ughtsome, chirpy {col-
2. defrauder, swindler, sharper, sharker loq.), hilarious, joUy, gladsome, heartsome
{rare), cozener {now literary), trickster, {chiefly Scot), canty {dial.), sunny, sun-
sharp, Jew {used opprobriously by some shiny {colloq.), buxom {archaic), lusty
non-Jews; vulgar), blacklee {colloq.), {archaic), riant {rare), cheery, genial,
crook {colloq.), cony-catcher (obs.), snide blithe, bUthesome, bonny {obs. or rare),
{slang), Greek {chiefly spec), hawk {fi^.), brisk {chiefly dial.); spec, smiling.
bilk {rare; colloq. or slang), kite {rare), Antonyms: see depressed, sullen,
shaver {rare), rascal, lurch {rare), rogue, GLOOMY.
rook (Jjjr.); spec, blackleg {colloq.), chouse 2. See cheering.
{colloq. or slang). cheerfulness, n. geniality, hilarity, sun-
8. See DECEIVER, deception. shine, gladsomeness, etc.
cheating, n. defrauding, swindlery {rare). Antonyms: see depression, discour-
check, V. t. 1. See stop, restrain, re- agement.
press, SUPPRESS, REJECT, BAR, STXTNT, cheering, a. cheerful, genial, enlivening,
CHOKE, INTERRUPT. inspiriting, strengthening, consolatory,
2. mark; spec, tick, prick, tally. gladsome, Isetificant {rare), heartsome
8. repulse,squelch, rebuff; spec. snub. {chiefly chirping {rare), cheery,
Scot.),
4. countercheck; spec, block, scotch, cog, blithesome, comfortable, cordial {rare),
snub, brake, drag, anchor, damp, rein. solacefiil {rare).
5. withhold, forbear, spare, refrain {rare); Antonyms: see depressing, gloomt.
spec, cease. cheering, n. solacement, enlivenment,
check, n. 1.See stop, stoppage, repres- heartening, etc.
sion, REVERSE, BAR, RESTRAINT, INTER- cheerless, a. dull, dismal, gloomy, dreary,
RUPTION. dark, joyless.
2. Referring to that which checks: counter- cheerlessness, n. dullness, dismalness,
check; spec, drag, drogue, block, snub, gloom.
chock, clog, stop, stopper, damp, damper, cheesy, a. caseous {chiefly tech.).
blanket, rein, bridle, inhibition, brake, chemical, a. Spec, alchemical, analjrtical,
let {esp. in "without let or hindrance"). synthetical.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. checker: plaid, cheep: chirp.

chatty: conversational, communicative. checkmate: defeat. cheery: cheerful, cheering.

S^° See Notes of Explanation.

 .

CHILLT
chemise, n. shift, smock, slip; avec. vincial {eccl.), ringleader, reis or rais
gmmpe. {Arabia), sheik {Arabia), sagamore,
oje'lsli. "• '• * PJ'oteot, foster, nurse, cod- sachem, raja or rajah, principal, prince,
dle, bosom (.rare), brood; spec, enshrine, cardinal {B. C. Ch.). primate {eccl.),
cosset, pet; see foster. poligar, prytanis {fig.), president, pre-
Antonyms: see abuse, beat, blight, mier, phylarch, matriarch {chiefly jocu-
ILIi-TREAT. malik {Hindu), abuna {eccl.), metran
lar),
a. See CARESS, love, preserve, enter- lumberdar {India), judge {Bib.),
{ecd.),
tain. kehaya {Turkish); see overseer, supe-
chest, n. case, box, coffer {chiefly spec.),
1. rior, commander.
hutch {archaic or spec); spec, cist or cyst Antonyms: see subordinate.
{antiq.), clothespress, cabinet, commode, 2. principal, don
{literary or cant).
chiffonier, coffin, locker, tallboy, highboy, 8. In
heraldry: spec soustenu {French).
wangun {cant), bureau; see trunk. chiefly, adv. principally, mainly, most,
8. thorax {tech.); spec, breast. mostly, capitally, cardinally, etc.
chestnut, o. castaneous {tech.). chieftancy, n. chiefship, headship, su-
chevron, ra. 1. Spec, zigzag, dancette. premacy, masterdom.
2. See BADGE. child, n. 1. See offspring.
ohew, V. t. & i. 1. masticate {formal), chaw 2. offspring {contextual), kid {slang or col-
{now vulgar or implying vulgarity), man- loq.), bairn {Scot.), cub (jocose or contempt-
ducate {rare); spec, crunch, crump, uous), whelp {contemptuous), papoose
munch, mumble, champ, ruminate, gnaw. {Amer. Ind.), dandiprat {obs., juvenile, or
2. See REND. archaic), dab {contemptttous), joey {Aus-
chewing, masticatory, manducatory
{rare); — o.
both formal.
tralia; colloq.), imp (chiefly spec), mop-
pet {archaic; a term of endearment), bud
chicane, v. i. pettifog {in law). (a term of endearment), brat {contemptu-
chicanery, n. deceit {contextual), trickery, ous), innocent (as being pure), cherub {pi.
sophistry; chicane; spec, prevarication, cherubs; spec, or sarcastic), lambkin (a
pettifoggmg, pettifoggery term of endearment); spec boy, girl,
chick, n. offspring {contextual), squab changeling, nestling {Jig.), elf, tot, elfin
{chiefly spec); see chicken. {literary; rare), chit {colloq.), trot {colhq.),
chicken, n. fowl {contextual), poult {rare), urchin; see son, daughter.
biddy {colloq.); spec, broiler, fry, peeper, Antonyms: see parent, father, mother.
chick. childbirth, n. parturition {tech.), parturi-
chicken-breasted, a. gibbous {rare or ence {tech.; rare), travail {archaic), labor,
tech.), pigeon-breasted. pains {pi.), puerpery {rare); spec deliv-
chief, a. 1. first, arch {chiefly literary or ery, eutocia, dystocia.
used in combination), principal, foremost, childhood, n. infancy {chiefly legal, exc.
master, head, high {contextual), preemi- spec), youth, puerility {rare); spec, minor-
nent, top, supereminent {rare), premier. ity, pupilage, nonage.
2. 7n importance, interest, etc.: main, Antonyms: see age, maturity.
principal, first, capital {literary or for- childish, a. childlilce, childly {rare), ju-
mal), premier, cardinal, pivotal, great venile, puerile {usually in a bad sense),
(ttsed with "the"), central, top, primary, youthful, brattish {contemptucms), kiddish
supreme, prime, grand, leading, palmary {slang or colloq.) ; spec boyish, boylike, girl-
palmarian {rare).
{rare), ish, girl-like, girly {colloq.); seebabyish.
Antonyms: see inferior, secondary, These terms when applied to older persons
SMALL. are used as equivalent to: "foolish, weak,
S. In proportion: prevailing, main. silly, trifling, trusting, unsuspecting," etc.
chief, n. 1. head; spec, chieftain, head- "Childish" is seldom used except of older
man, headsman {rare), primate {rare), persons, and usually in a derogatory sense:
cob {dial.), cock {colloq.), ruler, leader, childlike" usually implies approval.
dux {chiefly Scot, or spec), captain, capi- Antonyms: see manly, womanly, wom-
tano {Italian), cacique {West Indies), anish, OLD.
condottiere {Italian), clicker, cid, general children, n. pi. 1. offspring {contextual).
imil. or ecd.), foreman, elder, goodman 2. childhood {rare); spec infantry {joeur
Scot, or archaic), protopope {eccl.), jarl, lar), infancy; see youth.
caboceer {Africa), hierarch {ecd.), pro- chilly, a. cold, cool, chill.

^y Cross references: see Note, chevalier: horseman, knight, chill, n.: cold, depression.
cherished: dear. lover. chill, a.: cold, chilly.
cherub: angel, child. chide: scold, reprove. chill, V. t.: cool, restrain, freeze.
cherup: chirp. childlike: childish. cliiUin^: depressing, repellent.

t^" See Notes of Explanation.

67
 . — .

CHIME
chime, v. i. & t. 1. ring (.archaic or spec), choose, V. t. select, elect, take, opt (rare),

play [contextual). pick, optate (rare), list (only as a v. i.;

2. See AGREE, HABMONIZE. archaic); spec, coopt (learned or tech.),
chimney, n. 1. Spec, flue, shoot, stack, cooptate, cull, draw, prefer, prick, garble;
pipe. see ADOPT.
2.See CLEFT. Antonyms: see reject.
chimney cornei. fireside, inglenook (lit- choosing, a. optative, selective; spec, ec-
erary). lectic, elective.
chin, n. mentum (tech.); spec. jowl. chop, n. 1. See jaw.
china, n. earthenware (rare), chinaware, 2. In pi. (chops): chaps (pi.; a variant),
porcelaine; spec, crackle, belleek, ma- choke (dial.); spec, flews (pi.).
jolica, etc. chop, V. t. & i. cut (contextual), hew, hack;
Chinese, a. Celestial (humorous), Sinic spec mince, hackle, lop, haggle.
(rare), Sinaean or Sinaic (rare); spec. chop, n. 1. cut (contextual), shce (con-
Serian or Seric. textual), hew, hack; spec. lop.
chip, n. Spec, flake, spall, turnings (pi.), 2. bobble, lop, overfall, rip; spec tiderip,
cuttings (pi-), parings (pi.), flint; see ripple.
PIECE, SPLINTER. chopping, a. wavy (contextual), rough
chirp, n. &
v. i. cry (contextual), twitter, (contextual), hobbling, cockling, bobbly,
cheep, cherup, chipper, peep, pipe, pip, loppy; spec ripply.
chirk (dial, or U. S.), chirrup or chirup; chosen, a. select, elect (chiefly spec),
spec. pule. picked, predilective (rare); spec, conscript,
chirping, a. cheepy. preferential, predestined, preferred.
chisel, V. t. cut (contextual), carve (con- chosen, n. Spec, elect, 61ite (French)
textual); spec, boast (masonry), gouge. Christ, n. Saver (rare). Savior or Saviour,
chisel- shaped, a. scalpriform (tech.). Jesus, Redeemer, Messiah, Messias, Im-
choice, n. 1. Referring to the act: prefer- manuel. Mediator, Intercessor, Advocate,
ence, preferment (rare), selection, elec- Judge, Word, Son, Son of Man, Son of
tion (chiefly spec), option, choose (rare; God, Lamb, Lamb of God; mostly used
humorous or illiterate), optation {rare), with "the" or "our."
pick, delectus (rare, exc. spec); spec co- christen, v. t. 1. See BAPTIZE, name.
optation, cooption. 2. In the sense of "to use for the first time":
Antonyms: see rejection. auspicate (learned or literary), handsel;
2. Referring to the thing chosen: prefer- spec, wet (slang), blood. "Christen" is
ence, selection, option, pick, favorite; colloq.
spec cull (cant), delectus; see alterna- Christendom, n. The Church, Christian-
tive, BEST. Zion (fi^.).
ity,
8. Power of choosing: option, pick; spec. Christian, n. Nazarene (used esp. by Jews
discretion. and Mohammedans), saint (Bib.), giaour
choice, a. 1. select, picked, recherche (used by Turks), gentile (used in India);
(French), exquLsite. spec, professor (chiefly Scot. U. S.), &
2. See FINE, excellent. novice, probationer. Gnostic, Baptist,
choke, V. t. &
i. 1. suffocate (contextual), Methodist, etc.
strangle, strangulate (chiefly med.), throt- Antonyms: see heathen, heretic.
tle; spec, bowstring, garrotte, grin (ar- Christmas, n. Yuletide (literary or local),
chaic), gag. Yule (literary or local).
2. <See REPRESS, OBSTRUCT, DEADEN, EX- chronic, a. inveterate, confirmed, seated,
TINGUISH. settled, rooted, continuing (contextual);
3. repress (contextual), check, swallow, spec, inborn, inbred.
gulp (used chiefly with "doum"). "Choke" chronological, a. datal (rare), -temporal
is used chiefly with "doum." (contextual)

t^^ Cross references: see Note. chitchat: conversation. chronicle, v. t.: record, narrate.
diime, 71.; bell, melody, harmony, chivalrous: knightly, generous. chronicler: historian.
agreement, rhythm. chubby: plump.
chimera: fan.cy. choler: anger. chuck, n. t& v.: cluck.
chimerical; /anc</uZ, visiortary. chopf alien: chuck, V. t.: throw, stroke.
chinlc: cleft,crack. choral: hymn. chuck, n.: throw, stroke, clutch,
chink, n.: jingle, coin. chord, n.: string. chuckle; laugh.
chizih, V. i.; gasp. chord, V. i.: harmonize. chuckle; blockhead.
chipper: chirp. chore: task. chum, n.: roommate, intimate.
dLlrm: noise. chorus: refrain. chum, V. i.: cohabit.
chlrography; handwriting. chose: chattel. chummy: intimate.
chirrup: chirp, Christianity: Christendom. chump: blockhead.
chit: bud, offspring, child. chronicle, n.; account. chunk: piece, lump.

It^° See Notes ot Explanation.

68
 CIRCUMVOLUTION
church, n. 1. temple, house, house of God, circuit, V. t. round, circle, encircle, girdJf
Lord's house, fane {archaic or poetic), (&.), surround {rare); spec, circumam-'
ecclesia (hist.), kirk {Scot. & north of Eng.; bmate {rare), circumnavigate, perambu'
chiefly spec); spec. Ebenezer, cathedral, late, tour.
chapel, Caaba, Kaaba, Bethel, meeting- circuit, V. i. course, round, circulate, cir-
house, basilica, synagogue, tabernacle, cle; spec, tour, detour; see revolve,-
duomo {Italian), mosque, kmek, minster, WIND.
mensal {hist.), martyry, conventicle, circular, a. 1. round, rounded, orbicular
samaj {India), delubrum, dom {German). {elevated or tech.), orbed {literary), orby
2. See CONGREGATION, CHRISTENDOM. {rare), rotund {rare or tech.), orbiculate
chute, n. shoot, hopper; spec. sUde. {rare), encircular {rare); spec, discoid,
cigar, n. weed{slang). rotate {rare), disciform, discoidal {rare),
clmeter- shaped, a. acinaciform {rare). cycloid.
cinder, n. Spec, coal, breeze; «ee blag. 2. round, ringy {rare), ringlike, orby
cinder, v. t. Spec, scorify. {rare), compass {rare or tech.); spec, ro-
cindery, a. coaly; spec, slaggy. tary, gjrant, gyrate, orbital, roundabout.
cipher, 71. 1. nought, naught (a less vsual 3. Of a letter; esp. eccl.: cyclic, encyclical.
form), 0, nothing, zero, aught {rare and circularly, adv. roundabout, roundwise,
a mistake for "naught"), ought (o mistake roimd, roundly {rare).
for "nought"). circulate, v. i. 1. See CIRCUIT, revolve.
2. cryptogram, cryptology. 2. Referring to money, goods, etc.: pass, go,
8. See NUMERAL, MONOGRAM. run, move.
cipher, V. t. 1. encipher {more formal than 3. Referring to rumors, etc.: run, go; spec
"cipher"). evulgate {rare).
2. See COMPUTE. circulate, v. t. 1. See diffuse, report.
circle, n. 1. disk, radius, round, rondelle 2. Referring to money, etc.: pass.
{rare or tech. and spec), rondure or roun- circulating, a. current {referring to
dure (rare), rondel (archaic), orb {rhet. and money).
chiefly spec), roundel {chiefly spec.) ; sp^. circulatory, a. circulative, diffusive.
carton, discus, roundle {tech.), roundlet circumlerence, n. periphery {learned or
(dim.), circlet (dim.). tech.), circuit, compass, round, perimeter
2. ring, round, roundabout {rare), gyra- {geom.), perimetry {rare); spec, girth, girt,
tion {tech.), gyre {chiefly poetic), orb {rare perambulation {literary and fig.); see
or obs.), roundel {chiefly dial.), (^.); O BOUNDARY.
spec, cycle, corona, halo, hoop, meridian, Antonyms: see center, middle.
epicycle, ecliptic, cordon, equator, colure, circumlocution, n. periphrasis {learned),
horizon, circlet, roundle, roundlet, spiral; periphrase {rare), roundabout {rare), in-
see RING. direction, ambage {rare), circuition (rore),
8. See CIRCUIT, set. circumambages {pi.; rare), circumbendi-
circle, V. i. wheel, ring, gyrate; see re- bus {jocular).
volve, CIRCUIT. circumlocutory, o. periphrastic, round-
circuit, n. 1. See circumference, boun- about, indirect, ambagious {rare), cir-
dary, AREA, SPHERE, JURISDICTION. cuitous.
2. course, round, circling, circle, turn, circumscribe, v. t. 1. inclose, surround;
revolution {rare), ambit, compass, orbit, spec, bound.
tour, circuition {rare), troll {archaic), cir- 2. See bound, restrict, describe.
culation {rare), perambulation {literary circumstance, n. 1. See occurrence,
and fig.), circumambience {nonce use); STATE, formality, AFFAIR.
spec, lap, journey {contextual), trip, bout; 2. fact, matter; see particular.

see REVOLUTION. circumstanced, a. conditioned, fixed {coU

8. Referring to the way: course, round, loq.), situated.

compass, ambit, circuition {rare); spec circumstantial, a. minute, detailed, full,

eyre {obs. or hist.), tour, turn, giro detaily {colloq.; rare); spec fussy; see
{Italian), iter {tech.), beat, detour, round- particular.
about, lap, ring, cycle; see winding. Antonyms: see general, indefinite.

1^" Cross references: see Note. circuitous: devious, indirect, circumspect: prudent, careful.
ohnrohman: ecclesiastic, minister. circumlocutory. circumstantiate: evidence,
ehnrllsli: rustic, boorish, surly, oirouitously: about. narrate.
rough, ill-tempered, stingy. circularize: advertize. clrcumTent: surround, over-
olnch: girth, hold. circumjacent: surrounding. reach.
olrole, V. t.: circuit. ciroumfusion: -pouring. circumvention: overreaching.
olrolet: circle, ring, croton. circuznnaTigate: circuit. circumTolution: rotation, rev-
droUng: circuit. oiroumscriptiTe: restri(dive. olution, coil, winding.

iS^ See Notes ol Explanation.

69
 — ' .

CIRCUS
circus, n. hippodrome {rhetorical; often spec.); spec, crampiron, horse, dog, yoke,
used as a name for a circus building). clip,
cistern, n. reservoir, tank; both context- clan, n. 1. Spec, tribe, sept, phratry (Greek
ual. aniiq. and North Am. Indian), phyle
citify, V. metropolitanize (rare). "Citify"
t. (Greek antiq.), race (o loose usage).
is chieflyused in the p. p. "citified." 2. See SET.
citizen, n. cit (contemptv/ms) ; spec, bur- dang, V. i. clam; see ring.
gess, burgher, comburgess, cleruch, eph- clang, 'n. 1. clangor, clam; see ring, reso-
ebe, cosmopolite, communer, freeman, nance.
civilian, denizen; see townsman. 2. See timbre.
Antonyms: see foreigner. clap, V. i. 1. strike, slap, bang, clack, slam,
city, n. town, burg (colloq., U. S.); spec. slat, click,
metropolis, metropolitan. 2. See applaud, put, impose, set.
civilian, n. mohair (soldiers' slang); spec. dap, n. 1. stroke (contextual), blow, slap,
gownsman, scorpion (slang). slam, bang, clack, slat.
civility, n. 1. See politeness. 2. noise (contextual); spec, slam, bang,
2. Referring to the act: attention, courtesy, clack, explosion, peal.
devoir (literary or learned); spec, bow, 3. See APPLAUSE.
greeting, attentiveness. dapper, n. 1. Spec, tongue, clack, bones
civilization, n. civility (archaic); spec. (pl.).
reclamation (the act only), enlightenment, See tongue. 2.
cultivation, kultur (Ger.); see refine-clapping, a. clackety, clickety, slapping,
ment. slamming, slatting, etc.
civilize, v. t. Spec, reclaim, debarbaize, clasp, V. t. 1. seize, embrace, enclasp (rare
enlighten, cultivate (chiefly in p. a. "eul- or emphatic), infold or enfold, clip; spec.
iivated"); see refine. twine, clutch, interlock, entwine, fold, in-
civilized, a. civil (archaic); spec, enlight- arm, hug, hook, clutch, twine; see em-
ened. brace.
Antonyms: uncivilized.
see » Antonyms: see free.
claim, V. t. 1. demand, challenge (obso- 2. fasten; spec, buckle, brace, hook, in-
lescent), vindicate (rare); spec, counter- fibulate (rare).
claim. 3. See HOLD.
Antonyms: see disclaim. clasp, n. 1. seizure; spec, embrace, fold,
2. See demand, need. hug, clutch; see embrace.
claim, n. demand, pretense, pretension; 2. fastening, catch; spec, morse, ouch
spec, plea, counterclaim, condiction (Bo- (archaic), fibula, buckle, fermail, hasp.
man law), location (U. S.), revendication, 3. See HOLD.
plea. class, n. 1. division (contextual), category
2. demand, hen; spec. hold. (tech. or learned), predicament (spec, or
Antonyms: see disclaimer. learned), denomination, division, sort,
3. See RIGHT. species, group, order, rank, range (rare);
claimant, n. demandant (now rare); spec. spec, estate, order, family, genus, species,
pleader, pretender. breed, race (chiefly poetic), tribe (chiefly
clairvoyance, n. second sight, clear sight colloq. and derogatory), grade, rate, hier-
(rare). archy, phylum (tech!), quality.
clairvoyant, a. clear-sighted (rare). 2. See KIND, SET, RANK (in pl.), nobility,
clairvoyant, n. seer. brand.
clamorous, n. noisy (contextual), vocifer- 3. Spec, form, division, seminar, Phila-
ous, clamant (literary or learned), obstrep- thea, Baraca, classis.
erouSj uproarious, blatant, vociferant, class, V. t. place (contextual), rank, rate,
strepitous (rare); see boisterous. number, assort (rare), reckon; posthabit
Antonyms: see calm, silent. (rare).
damp, n. clam, cramp, grip, vise (chiefly classic, a. Attic (literary or learned)

XW^ Cross references: see Note.' clam: clang. clannisli: exclusive.

oist: chamber, tomb. clamant: clamorous, urgent. claptrap : trickery, nonsense,
citation: summona, quotation, clamber: scramble. buncombe.
mention. clammy: sticky. clarifloation: clearing.
cite: aummons, quote, mention. clamor, n.: outcry, noise. clarify: dear.
ciTlo: -puhlic. clamor, v. i.: cry, shout, din, darissimo: personage.
civil: vublic, polite. ask. clarity: clearness.
clabber: card. clamor, v. t: shout. dasll, V. i.: collide, conflict, dis-
dacli: clatter, clap, noise, bdl>. clamp: step. agree, dash.
hie, ratUe. clangorous: resonant. dasli, n.: collision, noise, con-
clam: clamp. clanlc: ring. flict, disagreement.

tS^l I Notes of Explanation.

70
 CLEARING
classical, a. Spec, humanistic, canonical dear, a. 1. transparent, limpid (chiefly
or canonic, correct. spec), lucid, pellucid, liquid, pellucent
cl&ssiflcatlon, n. asaortment. (rare), crystal, crystalline; spec, un-
classified, a. assorted. clouded, serene; see transparent.
Antonyms: see conpused. Antonyms: see turbid, dreoqy.
classify, V. t. group, categorize (tech.), as- 2. Referring to weather: fair, bright, fine,
sort, sort (literary), order; spec, grade, serene (rare or literary); spec sunny, sun-
distribute, arrange, tribe (rare), impost shiny, perfect, unclouded, cloudless.
{U. S. customs), graduate, match, size, Antonyms: see foul, cloudy, rainy,
pigeonhole, range, brack (local), garble SNOWY, foggy, hazy.
(rare, exc. of coins, nuts, etc/). 3. Referring to tones: liquid, pure; spec.
Antonyms: see confuse, mix. meUifluous or mellifluent (rhetorical), crys-
clatter, n. &. v. i. 1. Spec, clack, clitter, tal, musical^ singing, euphonious, fluty,
clutter, hurtle; see rattle, babble. silvery, ringing, sharp.
clause, n. 1. article, particle (rare); spec. Antonyms: see hoarse, dull.
paragraph, covenant, proviso, condition, 4. Referring to weights or amounts: net,
stipmation, reddendo (Scots law), redden- neat (rare).
duta. 5. Referring to the skin, etc.: spec, bright,
2. See PART. fresh, healthy, transparent, peachy, fair,
claw, n. griff (rare), ungula (tech.), talon blooming.
(chiefly spec), hook (slang); spec, single Antonyms: see sallow.
(archaic), clutch (chiefly in pi.), chela, 6. Intelligible (contextiuil), plain, lucid,
pounce, pincers (pi.), manus, nipper; see pellucid (literary), luminous (rhetorical),
NAIL. luculent (rare), perspicuous, sharp-cut,
claw, V. t. scratch, dig (colloq. or spec), unambiguous, naked (rare); spec, vivid,
clapperclaw (archaic or dial.). disjoin ct.
clay, n. argil (tech.), cloam (dial. Eng.); Antonyms: see unintelligible, ob-
spec, clun^, kaolin, metal, cledge (local scure, OBTUSE, hidden.
Eng.), wacke, slip, till, bole, gamt (dial. 7. See definite, evident, confident,
Eng.). SMOOTH (in sound), absolute, unob-
clayey, a. argillaceous (tech.). structed, FREE, PURE.
clean, a. 1. unsoiled, pure (literary orfl^.), dear, !'. t. 1. clarify, fine, refine; spec, set-
unsullied (literary); spec, immaculate, un- tle, defecate, render.
stained, incontaminate (rare), undefiled, Antonyms: see muddy.
imsmirched, dirtless, spotless, dustless, 2. See FREE, disentangle, acquit, ab-
white, unblemished. solve, avoid, purify, remove, jump.
Antonyms: see dirty, filthy, soiled, 8. make, net, clean up (coUoq.), profit,
FOUL, SMEARY, CtC realize, get (contextual).
2. <See PUKE, SKILLFUL, SHAPELY, CLEAN- Antonyms: see lose.
LY, CHASTE. 4. free, rid, sweep, scour.
Clean, adv. 1. So as to be clean: cleanly. 5. free (from obstructions, rubbish, weeds,
2. Spec, absolutely, completely, skillfully. or what not), sweep (spec or fig.), scour
dean, v. t. 1. cleanse, mundify (rare), (spec, or fig.), clean; spec, open, room
clenge (Scot. &
defecate (rare;
dial.), (rare), drive, serene (rare), deobstruct
chiefly spec), purge (chiefly spec); spec. (rare), deoppilate (rare), blow, uncloud,
purify, wash, deterge, scald, dust, mop, evacuate.
rinse, bream, careen, dress, comb, gill, Antonyms: see obstruct.
dredge, pick, grave, scavenge, pure (cant), 6. Spec, (referring to land) deforest, stub,
swingle, scour, blow, scrub, elutriate, grub, denshire (Eng.), bumbeat (Eng.),
wipe, defecate, willow, clarify, ripple; see assart (Eng.).
DRESS, WASH, FAN. 7. See evacuate.
Antonyms: see dirty, soil, smear, foul. dear, v. i. Referring to the face, the sky,
2. jSee CLEAR. etc.: uncloud (rare), brighten; spec.
deanins, a. cleansing, mundatory (rare), gladden.
purgative ; spec, purificatory, wash, wash- Antonyms: see cloud.
mg, detersive^ depurative, detergent, clearance, n. 1. freeing, riddance, clearing.
scouring, purgmg. 2. See acquittal, absolution, license,
cleaning, n. cleansing; spec purge, purga- clearing.
tion, scouring. clearing, n. 1. clear (chiefly in "in the
cleanly, a. clean, neat. clear"), open (chiefly in "in the open").

t^* Cross references: see Note. I

cleanness: purity. I
cleanse: dean, purify.

I^° See Notes ot Explanation.

71

CLEARNESS
opening, clearance (Jiterary); spec, assart.
S. See ACQtriTTAL.
8. clearance; spec, clarification, riddance,
evacuation, scouring, deforestation, etc.
clearness, n. 1. Spec, clarity, limpidness,
limpidity.
2. serene (rare), serenity (literary or rare);
spec, cloudlessness.
oleavable, o. fissile {chiefly tech.); spec.
scissile, flaggy, laminable, flaky, platy.
cleavage, n. 1. fissility, cleavableness ; spec.
laminableness, lamination, delamination.
2. See SPLITTING. climb, V. i. 1. ascend, scale, mount; spec.
cleave, v. t. &
i. divide, split, shear, dis- clamber, ramp {of vines, etc.; dial, or
sever {rare); spec, plow, delaminate, lam-
inate, fissure, rift, flake, rive, furrow; see textiud), scramble, scrabble.
SPLIT.
cleft, a. split; spec, riven, reft, rent, multi-
fid, fissured, cracked, fractured, broken,
cut, rimose.
cleft, n. split, gap; spec, fissure, rift, reft
{rare), scissure {rare), interstice, chasm,
crack, crevice, chimney, chink, clof
{Scot.), rent, flaw, sUt, dike {local, Eng.),
fault; see crevasse.
ciencb, v. t. 1. See clinch, seize, grasp,
STRENGTHEN.
2. grip; spec, close {the fist), clutch {the
set {the teeth).
fist), ,
clenched, a. closed; spec, clubbed, set.
clericalism, n. sacerdotalism, ministeri-
alism.
dericality, n. clericate {rare), clergy {obs.,
exc. in "benefit of clergy"), clergymanship,
clerkhood {archaic); spec, priesthood,
chaplainship, chaplaincy.
clerk, n. 1. See minister, salesman.
2. Spec, recorder, registrar, scribe, scriv-
ener, protonotary, conicopoly {Anglo-
Indian); see ACCOUNTANT, SECRETARY.
clever, a. 1. smart (now chiefly U. S.), cute
(colloq.), good, pretty {archaic or colloq.),
solert (obs.); see able, intelligent,
READY, INGENIOUS, SKILLFUL.
Antonyms: see dull, stupid, unintel-
ligent, UNSKILLFUL.
2. See OBLIGING.
dick, n. noise, tick, tap; spec, clap, snap.
dic^, V. i. & t. soimd, tick, tap; spec, clap,
snap.
clientele, n. 1. dependants {pi.), clientry
(o collective).
2. constituency {colloq.), following, clien-
ty Cross references: sec Note.
—
try (rare), clientelage {rare), clientage;
all collectives.
difl, n. precipice, crag, steep, heugh or
heuch {Scot.), linn {chiefly Scot), scaur
{chiefly Scot.), scar {rare or Eng.); spec.
paMsade {usiudly in pi.), perpendicular,
krantz or kranz {South Africa).
climate, n. clime {literary and chiefly
poetic).
climax, n. 1. In rhetoric: graduation {con-
textv/il).
2. See HEIGHT, CROWN.
rare), swarm {colloq.), run {of plants; eon-
2. See ASCEND.
climb, V. t. ascend, scale, mount; spec.
clamber, swarm {colloq.), shin {colloq.),
escalade, scramble.
climb, n. ascent, mount; spec, clamber.
climbing, a. scansorial {tech.).
clincb, V. t. 1. fasten {contextual), clench,
turn {contextiud), clink {dial. Eng. &
Scot.); spec, rivet.
2. See SEIZE, GRASP, STRENGTHEN.
clip, V. t. 1. cut {contextual), snip, shear,
retrench {rare), curtail {rare); spec.
prune, dock, pare, beshear (rore), shear,
poll, nip; see trim.
2. See ABBREVIATE.
dip, n. 1. cut {contextiud), snip, shear;
spec, nip; see trim.
2. See SHEARS, BLOW, GAIT.
cloak, n. 1. robe {contextual), pall {ar-
chaic); spec, mantle, manteau {hist.),
mantua {hist.), surcoat {hist.), cope, mant-
let {hist.), domino, mask, burnouse, car-
dinal, capa {Spanish), capote, capuchin,
chlamys, cardinal, prince, manto {Italian
or Spanish), manta {Spanish), cowl, In-
verness, Joseph {hist.), jelab {Moroccan),
poncho {Spanish), pluvial {hist, or eccl.),
paUium, paletot, palla {Roman antiq.),
talma, scapular or scapulary, roquelaure
{hist.),sagum, poncho.
2. See PRETEXT.
cloak, V. t. I. clothe {contextual), mantle.
2. jSee HIDE.
clog, n. 1. check, weight, drag, trammel;
spec, log, block.
2. See HINDRANCE.
cloggy, o. heavy, trammeling.
 CLOUDING
close, a. 1.See closed, nabrow, acctt- clothed, a. clad (now chiefly literary), en-
RATB, PAKTICULAB, THICK, COMPACT, AP- clad (rare), vested (heraldry or fig.).
PROXIMATE, CONFINED, HIDDEN, RETI- Antonyms: see naked, babe.
CENT, STINGY, NEAR, SHORT, INTIMATE, clothier, n. costumer, outfitter (chiefly
STOCKY, SBABCHINQ. cant); spec, hosier, haberdasher, furnisher,
2. oppressive, stale, heavy, stuffy, fusty, hatter, etc.
stiflmg; spec, musty, sultry, sweltry. clothing, re. 1. Referring to the act: invest-
Antonyms: see fresh. ment (chiefly lUerary), investiture (literary
8. tight, snug. or tech.).
dose, (;. t. 1. shut, stop, estop (archaic), 2. dress, clothes (pi.), garments (pi.), ap
cork (spec, or fig.); spec, button, lock, oc- parel (dignified), habiliment (chiefly in pi.;
clude, seal, douse, lute, stopper, plug. learned or literary), array (dignified), at-
Antonyms: see open, unfold. tire (rather formal; often spec), garb, rai-
2. See INCLOSE, shut, obstruct, end, ment (rhetorical or poetic), costume, robes
CLENCH. (pi.; formal or spec), vesture (literary or
close, V. i. 1. embrace, clinch, grapple, grip. fig.), vestments (pi.; chiefly tech.), claes
2. See AGREE. (Scot.), investiture (literary), investment
close, n. inclosure; spec, precinct, curtilage. (literary), costumery (rare), garmenture
closed, a. close; spec, shut; see clenched, (rare), rigging (colloq.), wear (colloq.),
BLIND. toggery (slang), togs (pi.; slang), duds
Antonyms: see open. (pi.; slang), gear (archaic or literary),
closet, n. 1. room (.contextual), cabinet, things (pi.; colloq.), nulls (pi.; fig.);
cuddy. spec, robmg, gala (obs., exc. with "in"),
2. Spec, recess, cupboard, cabinet, buffet, rags (pi.), tatters (pi.), coating, livery,
wardrobe, garderobe (hist.), cuddy, duck, buff (mil.), overwear (rare, U. S.),
Ascham. overclothes (pi.), underclothes (pi.),
closure, n. 1. closing, shut (rare); spec. slops (pi.; colloq.), wardrobe, washmg;
blockade, occlusion. seeCOSTUME.
2. Referring to debate: cloture, clftture cloud, n. 1. meteor (tech.), nebula (rare or
(French), stoppage (rare). spec), thickness (rare, exc. of the state of
clot, n. mass, lump, clout, clump; spec. fact); spec, cirrus, cumulus, stratus, nim-
gout (now chiefly in allusion to Shake- bus, cirro-cumulus, rack, colt's-tail, film,
speare's use), gob (now vulgar), thrombus, messenger, woolpack, mist, fog, fogginess,
orassamentum, grume, coagulum. scud, haze, haziness, mare's-tail, whiff,
cloth, n. 1. fabric (contextual); spec, mun- goat's-hair; see fog.
go, shoddy, dab (chiefly dial.), pall (ar- 2. thickening (contextual); spec, nebula,
chaic), corporal, corporas. smoke, fog, nubecula, puff, scud, mist,
2. With "the": see ministry. fog, film,steam; see blub, haze.
8. In pi. "clothes": seeclothing. 8. See MULTITUDE, IMPEBFECTION, FAULT,
clothe, V. t. 1. dress, apparel (rather formal SPOT, STAIN, SCABF.
or rhetorical), attire (dignified), tire (obs. cloud, V. t. I. overcloud, overcast, over-
or archaic), array (dignified), costume, shadow, becloud (an intensive), adum-
robe (chiefly spec), accouter (obs. or spec), brate (rare), obnubilate (rare), obnebu-
habilitate (rare), vest (chiefly fig.), garb late (rare); spec, shade, shadow, befog,
(chiefly spec), beclothe (rare), invest fog, mist.
(literary), deck, endue (literary), dizen or Antonyms: see clear.
bedizen (now usually contemptuous; chiefly 2. Referring to the brow: darken, shade.
spec), vesture (rare), encase or incase 3. See DULL, BLEAR, SULLY, WATER.
(chiefly humorous), rig (colloq. or slang), cloud, V. i. 1. thicken.
Jight (archaic or dial.; used esp. in ro- Antonyms: see clear.
mances), bedight (archaic and poetic), en- 2. See SULLY.
robe (literary), garment (rare), guise (ar- cloud-bringing, a. nubiferous (rare).
chaic), tog (chiefly mth "out"; slang); cloudburst, n. rainfall (contextual), deluge.
spec, jacket, deck, beclout (rare), breech, clouded, a. 1. See cloudy.
cassock, fur, gown, coat, scarf, shroud 2. cloudy; spec. moir6 (French), watered,
(fig.), uniform, frock, tartan, enclothe, mottled.
empurple (rare), crape, coif, swathe, re- 3. See DARKENED, HIDDEN.
clothe, reinvest (rare); see cloak. clouding, re. 1. obnubilation (rare); spec.
Antonyms: see strip, undress. moiri (French), water.
2. See invest, disguise. 2. See OBSCURATION.
fS' Cross references: see Note. dosing: closure. clothe, V. i.: dresa.
cloister: convent, arcade. clot, V. t: coagulate. clothes: clothing.

XW See Notes ot Explanation.

75
 —

CLOUDY
cloudy, a. i. nubilous (Jearned or tech.), 2. (See LUMPY.
clouded, nebulous (chiefly spec), thick; clumsy, a. 1. Referring to a person: awk-
spec, overcast, foggy, misty, fogged, dull, ward, Unhandy, ungraceful, heavy, lum-
black, filmy, hazy, bliirred, overcast, berly, lumbering, lumbersome, lumbrous
murky, lovirering or louering, lowery or (rare), graceless (rare), wooden, left-
loury, lurid, subnuvolar (rare); see foggy. handed, lubberly (naui. or fig.), lubber-
Antonyms: see clear. Uke (naid. or fig.), booby^ boobyish, in-
2. Spec, muddy, nebulous, smoky, foggy, elegant; spec, elephantme, unskillful,
misty, steamy; see hazy, tuebid. draggy, inapt, lumpish, bungling.
3. See CLOUDED, dakk, hidden, dull, Antonyms: see skillful, GRACSiTJL.
DEPRESSING BLEARED. 2. Referring to a thing: spec, unwieldy,
down, n. 1. See rustic, boor, simpleton, cumbrous, heavy, unhandy, bungling,
BUFFOON. botched, rough, crude, lumberly, lumber-
2. Meaning a "clumsy fellow": spec. ing,lumbersome.
slouch {simg or colloq.), swab {naut. Antonyms: see airt.
slang), hobnail (fig.), lubber (primarily clustered, a. Spec, conglomerate, glomer-
naut.), chuckle (slang), duffer (slang), ate (tech.).
muff (slang), lout (colloq.), bumpkin, dutch, n. 1. nest; spec sitting.
booby (colloq.), nincompoop (slang), 2. See BROOD.
gawky (colloq?), gawk (colloq.), caJf (col- dutch, V. t. 1. hold (contextual), grip,
loq.), hawbuck (slang, Eng.). grasp, engrasp (rare), clasp, clench, gripe
Antonyms: see expert. (rare); see embrace, grapple, squeeze.
club, n.stick (contextual), cudgel,
1. 2.See SEIZE, CLENCH, GRASP.
truncheon (archaic, exc. spec), bat, clutch, n. 1. Referring to the act: hold (con-
bludgeon, bourdon (archaic); spec waddy, textual), grip, grasp, clench, clasp; see
mace, mere or meri, nuUarnuUa, leeangle, EMBRACE, GRAPPLE.
keerie, baton, batoon (archaic), knob- Antonyms: see release.
kerrie, lathee (Anglo-Indian), knobstick, 2. Referring to the thing thai holds: hold
biUy, shillalah, staff, hickory, crab or (contextual), grip; spec, grab, grabber,
crabstick. claw, clasper, grasper, grapple, clamp,
2. In games: spec, hockey, hurley, driver, crampon, grappler, comealong (cant),
niblick, brassy, cleek, midiron, loftie, grapnel, lewis, lewisson, gland, fist
mashie, putter, iron, shinny, hurl (rare). (chiefly jocular), finger, nipper, nip, grip-
3. In cards: spec, basto. per, gripe, dog, clip, pincers, forceps, chuck.
4. association (contextu/d); spec combina- Antonyms: see release.
tion, Turnverein (German), Sangerbund 3. See SEIZURE (in pi.), grasp, control.
(German), tabagie (French), Rota (Eng. coach, n. 1. vehicle (contextual), rattler
hist.), hetsery (ancient Greek hist.); see (slang); spec, rattletrap (slang), tally-ho,
SOBOBITY, FRATERNITY. drag, four-in-hand.
dub, V. t. strike (contextual), beat (con^ 2. teacher (contextual), crammer (cant
textual), cudgel, truncheon (rare), blud- or slang), grinder (cant or slang), coacher
geon; spec, bastinado, paddle. (cant), tutor. "Coach" is cant.
dubfoot, n. 1. Referring to the foot: splay- coach, V. t. teach (contextual), cram (cant
foot, poltfoot (archaic). or slang), tutor. "Coach" is cant.
2. Referring to the deformity: taUpes coagulate, v. i. & t. thicken (contextual),
(tech.), clubfootedness, splayfoot, polt- clot, run (dial.; u.sed as a v. i.only), set,
foot (archaic); spec varus. curdle, clod (obs. or rare), cruddle (chiefly
dub-shaped, a. clavate, claviform; both dial), clabber (U. S.); spec. soUdify, lop-
tech. per, caseate; see jelly.
duck, n. 6k v. call (contextual), cry (con- Antonyms: see liquefy.
textual); spec chuck. coagulated, a. clotted, loppered, curdled.
clump, n. I. See lump. coagulum, mass, coagulation,
n. curd
2. group, cluster, bunch; spec thicket, (chiefly spec); see clot.
grove, plump (archaic), tuft, etc. coal, n. U Referring to the substance: spec,
clumpy, a. 1. clustery. charcoal, cannel coal, anthracite, cinder

f^^ Cross references: see Note. cloy: surfeit. clutter, n.: collection, confu-
cloiigli: ravine. dump: gather. sion, noise, bustle.
clout, n.: raff, blow. cluster: bunch, clump. coachman: driver.
clout, V. t: repair, strike. cluster: gather. coadjutor: aider.
clout, n.: lump, clot, rustic, clustery: bunchy, clumvy. coalesce: unite.
boor. dutch, V. i.: grasp, hold. coalition: union, combination,
clownish: rustic, awhward, clutter, V. t.; collect, confuse. confederacy.
boorish. clutter, V. i.: collect, bustle. coaly; carbonaceous, black, dark.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

74
 .
.

COHORT
slack, lignite, jet, cobbles (pZ.; Eng.), duff, ferring to shoes) clobberer (dial. Eng.),
dross, culm, coke, carbocoal. sutor (learned), clouter.
a. Referring to a lump or piece of coed: gleed cobwebllke, a. arachnoid {fech.); spec.
iarchaic; chiefiyapec.); spec, ember, cinder. cortinate (tech.).
ooarse, a. 1. large (conteT^ual), crass cock, n. 1. chanticleer (poetic and usually
{chiefly literary), gross (literary or tech.), used as a proper name), rooster (chiefly
heavy {chiefly spec), thick; spec, rank, U. S. and dial. Eng.); spec, capon, cocka-
reedy, gruff {tech. or Scot.), homespun, lorum (dim.; colloq.), cockerel, singer,
earthy. heeler.
Antonyms: see delicate, small, slen- 2.spout; spec, faucet, tap, valve, plug.
der. 3.See WEATHERVANE, CHIEF, HEAP.
2. low, vulgar, common, unrefined, crude, cockade, n. device; spec, black cockade
gross, unideal {rare), crass {literary), in- (Hanover), white cockade (Stuart), ro-
elegant, unpolished, rough, plebeian {spec, sette, knot.
or Uterary), woolen (rare), indeUcate; spec. cocoon, n. case (contextual), covering (con-
rude, ribald, earthy {rare), rustic, clown- textual); spec. pod.
ish, brutal, brutish, swinish, scurrilous; code, n. 1. codex (rare); spec, system, for-
see BOOKISH, beastly, lewd, indecent. mulary, law, rule, religion.
Antonyms: see refined, spiritual, m- 2. See digest.
TELLECTTJAL, CHASTE. codily, V. t. systematize, digest.
8. See ROUGH. coexistent, a. contemporaneous, concomi-
ooarsen, v. t. 1. enlarge (contextual), thick- tant; see CONTEMPORANEOUS.
en {contextual). coextensive, a. equal, coequal; spec, co-
2. See ROUGHEN, SENSUALIZE. terminous; see CONTEMPORANEOUS.
coat, n. 1. Spec, jacket, sack, jemmy coSerdam, n. chamber (contextual), box,
{Eng.; rare), overcoat, greatcoat {chiefly batardeau (French), coffer, caisson.
Eng.), jacket, paletot {French), oiler coffin, n. box (contextual), casket (U. S.),
(U. S.; colloq.), cutaway, cassock, secret hearse (archaic), cist (archceol.), kist
(antiq.), frock, habergeon, buff, tunic. (Scot.); spec, sarcophagus, shell.
2. cover, coating; spec, set, scumble, cogency, n. strength, power, force, weight,
wash, intonaco (Italian), glaze, priming, etc.
fur, buff; see smear, crust. cogent, a. strong, powerful, good, forcible,
3. pelage (tech. or learned), pUage (rare), forceful, constraining, robustious (rare),
fell (rare or literary); spec, fleece. pregnant (archaic or literary), weighty,
4. See arms, skin. trenchant (literary or rhetorical); spec, con-
coat, V. t. 1. See clothe. vincing, urgent.
2. cover, overlay; spec, lute, fur, gum, Antonyms: see unconvincing.
bark, prime, plaster, render, roughcast, cogwheel, n. wheel, gearwheel, gear; spec.
wash, silver, glaze, film; see crust, smear. lantern, wormwheel.
ooax, V. t. oi i. Spec, persuade, entice, cohabit, v. i. Spec, chum (colloq.) "Co- .

cajole, urge, honey (rare o/r dbs.). There habit" is chiefly spec.
is no general synonym of "coax." coheir, n. heir, coparcener, parcener.
Antonyms: see bluster, bully, compel, cohere, v.i.l. stick, adhere, consist (archaic)
initimidate. 2. jSee AGREE.
coaxing, a. Spec, bland, gentle, winning, coherent, a. 1. sticking, adherent, con-
persuasive. sistent (rare).
coaxing, n. suasion (rare). 2. See CONSISTENT.
Antonyms: see compulsion. cohesion, n. sticking, adherence, adhesion,
cobbler, n. repairer (contextual); spec, (re- coherence, cohesiveness, consistence (rare)
J^'iCross references: see Note. oook-eye: cross-eye. cogitable: thinkable.
coast, n.: shore. oocksoomb: crest, dandy. cogitate, v, i.: think, consider.
coast, V. «'.; aaitt elidet glide. oooksure: confident, cogitate, V, t,: consider, devise,
coast, V. t.: sail, cooky: self,4mportant, cogitative: thinking,
coastal: littoral. coddle: parboH, caress, cherish, cognate: related, analogous,
coatlns: coat, crust. indulge, cognition: knovnng, knowl-
coat of arms: arms, codex: code, manuscript, book, edge, intelligence.
cobble, 71.: stone. codger: fellow. cognizable: knowable,Jurisdio-
cobble, V. t.: pave. coenobite: religious, iional.
cobble, V, t.: repair, coequal: equal, coordinate, co- cognizance, n.: perception,
cobweb: network, filarneni, extensive, awareness, intelligence, notice,
cook, n.: turn, inclination. coerce: compel, jurisdiction, badge,
cook, V, t,: turn, incline. coercible: compellable, cognizant: aware, conscious.
cockcrow: daybreak. coercive: compulsory, cognomen: name.
cooker: indulge. coeval: contemporaneous. cohesive: sticky.
oookerel: 'cock. coffer: chest, cofferdam, treasury. cohort: division, band.

^S" See Notes ol Explanation,

75
 — .

COIFFURE
coil, n. 1. Meaning a "series of rings": 2. Referring to the sensation: chill, cold-
spec, inductorium, hank. ness, chiUiness.
2. wind, turn, ring, convolution, round, 3. catarrh; spec, coryza, gravedo (rare),
curl, fold, loop, circumvolution, volute cough.
{chiefly spec), volume (rare), twine, twist, colic, n. bellyache (now chiefly vulgar),
lap; spec, bight, fake, bolster, baluster, gripes (pi.). muUigrubs (pi.; jocular), tor-
roll; see spmAL. mina (tech.).
coil, V. t. &
i. wind, loop, upcoil (rare), collapse, n. 1. Spec, cave-in (coUoq.),
twist, fold, lap, convolute (rare or learned), breakdown, downfall.
curl, twine, clue (used with "up"; rare); 2. See FAILURE, fall, exhaustion.
spec, roll, spire, spiral (rare), wreath, en- collar, n. 1. neckband, neckpiece; spec.
roll (rare), belay, fake. carcanet, bertha, brecham (Scot.), collar-
Antonyms: see xjnwind. ette, fall, ruff, gorget, tucker, Vandyke,
coin, n. 1. Referring to money:
piece, dicky (New Eng.), torque or tore, fraise,
chiiiker (slang); spec, copper (colloq.), piccadUl (obs.).
dump, doit, cart wheel (slang), coach 2. /See RING.
wheel (slang, Eng.), mite, nickel (colloq., collarbone, n. clavicle (tech.), jugulum
U. S.),dime, shilling, etc. (tech. and rare)
2. Referring to coins collectively: money, collared, a. torquate, ringed.
specie; spec, silver, brass (dial, or colloq.), collation, n. 1. See comparison, meal.
chink (slang), gold, tin (slang), change. 2. Spec, harmony, diatessaron.
coin, V. t. 1. mint, strike, stamp, money colleague, n. associate (contextual), con-
(rare); spec, contorniate, counterfeit. frere (French); spec, duumvir, triumvir,
2. See INVENT. centum vir.
coincide, v. i. 1. concur. collect, V. 1. 1. See gather.
2. See AGREE. 2. gather, aggregate, concentrate, con-
coincidence, n. 1. conciirrence, concomi- center (rare); spec, scramble (esp. with
tance, concourse (obs. or rare), conjunc- "up," "together," etc.), constellate (rare),
tion, juncture, conjuncture (rare), syn- congest, djedge, rake (esp. ivith "together,"
drome (rare or obs.). "up," etc.), muster, bundle, compile, skim,
2. See CONTEMPORANEOUSNESS, AGREE- scrape (esp. unth "up," "together," etc.),
MENT. round (with "up"), collate, re-collect; see
coincident, a. concurrent, concomitant. accumulate.
coiner, n. minter, moneyer (hist.); spec. Antonyms: see separate, scatter, dis-
counterfeiter. tribute.
coin-shaped, a. nummular, nununulated, 3. See INFER, COMPOSE.
nummiform; all tech. or learned. collect, V. i. 1. See gather.
cold, a. 1. cmll; spec, cool, coolishj crisp, 2. gather, mass; spec, concentrate, con-
heatless (rare), chiUy, coldish, frigid, icy, glomerate, cluster, concenter, congest,
frozen, glacial (rare), frosty, rimy, chilling, bunch, bundle; see lump.
clutter,
freezing, frore (now poetic only), gelid (lit- collection, n. 1. See gathering, meet-
erary), arctic, polar, bleak, nipping, ing.
sharp, raw, wintry. 2. Referring to the act or action: gathering;
Antonyms: see hot, warm, heated. spec, massing, recollection, conglomera-
2. Of a creature or person: spec, chilly, tion, concentration, compilation, concre-
chiU, chilled, frozen, frostbitten. tion, collation, philately, combination;
3. unfeeUng, frigid; spec, unemotional, see accumulation.
unsympathetic, heartless, unresponsive, Antonyms: see scattering, distribu-
indiiEferent, unimpassioned, stony; see tion.
APATHETIC, REPELLENT, CRUEL. 3. gathering, aggregation, aggregate, as-
Antonyms: see affectionate, compas- semblage; spec, clump, cluster, parcel, as-
sionate, KINDLY, FOND. sortment, lot, budget, mass, congeries,
cold, n. 1. dull, coldness; spec, cool, coolth coUuvies (literary), heap, pack (deroga-
(rare or dial.), frost, chilliness, geMdity tory), museum, number, conglomerate,
{rare or literary), frigidity, iciness, cool- conglomeration, conglutination (rare),
ness, geUdness (rare), frore (now only po- combination (literary), codex (Latin),
etic), sharpness. code, chapter, crowd, drove, huddle,
Antonyms: see heat, warmth. jumble, bunch, concentration, body, cor-
K^^ Cross Note.
references: see coke, V. t: carbonize. dinate, related, codrdinate.
coiffure: head-dress. collaborate: codverate. collate: collect, compare, ex-
coign: comer. collapse, V. i.: fail. fall. amine, '
[accident.
coil, n.: noise, confusion. collater^, a.: parallel, accessory, collateral, n.; _'
ooke, n.: coal. accidental, subor- collected: calm.

tS^See Notes of Explanation,

76
 COMBINE
pus, round-up S.
(17. &
Australia), sylloge crimson, taupe, azure, vermilion, oUve,
(rare), cumulation, harvest, file, list, con- brown, gray, dun, etc; see tint.
fluency, chrestomathy, quest, compila- 2. See pigment, appearance, pretext,
tion, clutter, concresence; see accumula- complexion, flush, badge, flag, sa-
tion, SET, CONCRETION. lute.
4. See INPERENCE, SELF-CONTROL. color, V. t. 1. encolor (rare), hue (poetic or
collective, a. 1. aggregate, collected; spec. rhetorical), paint (spec or fig.), dye (chiefly
concentrative, congregative. spec), stain (chiefly spec), tone (chiefly
Antonyms: see individual, separate, spec.); spec, discolor, tinge, tinct, tint,
SCATTERED. bloom, complexion (rare), sip, distemper,
2. See COMMON. wash, crayon.
collector, n. Referring to a collector of 2. See misrepresent.
taxes: tax-gatherer, toll-gatherer (rare or coloration, n. colorature; sfpec. pigmenta-
obs.), pubhcan (chiefly Scriptural), toller tion, tonality, chromatism (tech.).
(obs. or rare), exacter (archaic), tollman color-blindness, n. daltonism.
(rare); spec, scavenger (hist.), gabeller colored, a. 1. hued (poetic or rhetorical),
(hist.),exciseman, procurator, proctor. painted (orig. spec), tinted, etc.
collide, V. i. 1. strike (usually with "to- 2. Spec, black, red, brown, negro, mulatto.
gether"), meet (contextual), clash, hurtle, coloring, a. tingent (rare); spec, tinctorial,
mtershock (rare), interfere, knock, shock, dyeing, painting, staining.
smash, impinge; spec, cannon, crash. colorless, a. achromatic (tech.), white,
2. See CONFLICT. hueless (rare), tintless (chiefly spec); spec.
collision, n. 1. striking, impact (chiefly black.
tech.), impingement, meeting (contextual), colt, n. offspring (contextual), horse (con^
clash, hurtle, concussion, shock, smash textual), foal, youngster (cant), patro
IcoUoq.); spec, smash-up (coUoq.), crash, (Sp.); spec, filly (female).
jostle, dash. column, n. pillar; spec, atlantes (pi.), at-
2. See CONFLICT. las (sing.), cippus, telamon, caryatid; see
colloquial, a. conversational; spec, in- OBELISK, PILLAR.
formal. comb, n. 1. Spec card, ripple, 6bauchoir
Antonyms: see literart, pedantic, (French), heclde, hackle, hatchel, gill
FORMAL. (cant).
colloquial, n. conversationalism spec, in-
; 2. See crest.
formality, familiarism. combative, o. contentious, pugnacious,
colonial, a. provincial (obs. or hist.). mihtant, beUigerent; see quarrelsome.
colonist, n. settler, planter (hist.), trans- Antonyms: see peaceful, pacific.
migration (rare); spec, emigrant, immi- combination, n. 1. See union, mixture,
grant, pilgrim. cooperation, conspiracy.
colonization, n. settling, settlement, 2. In commerce, politics, etc^ referring to
plantation (rare). the action: union spec, syndication, pool-
;

colonize, v. t. 1. settle, foimd, people, ing, coalition, fusion, merger.

plant. 3. aggregate, union; spec (card games)
2. Referring to the sending of people to tenace, pair, full house, run, flush, etc.;
colonize: transport (chiefly speco, settle; see composite, series, group.
spec, exile, banish. 4. association (which see), ring, set, union,
colonnade, n. portico (chiefly spec); spec. company, party; spec, conjunction, com-
gallery,, choultry (Anglo-Indian), peri- bine (colloq., U. ST), syndicate, cartel or
style, amphiprostyle, prostyle, octastyle, (German) Kartel, camariUa, Camorra,
enneastyle, decastyle, dodecastyle, arceo- cabinet, trust, ring (chiefly U. S.), cabal,
style, proaulion (archoeol.). faction, clique, coalition, consolidation,
colony, n. settlement, plantation (rare). fusion, merger, duumvirate, triumvirate,
color, n. 1. hue (poetic or rhetorical), tinc- jimto, junta (rare), cave (slang).
ture (chiefly spec); spec discoloration, combinatory, a. combinational, coadunar
lear, dye, undertone, yellow, blue, orange, tive (rare).
green, violet, purple, indigo, lavender, combine, v. t. & i. 1. See UNITE, Mix,
pink, mauve, magenta, cerise, scarlet. associate.

ISi* Cross references: see Note.

 —
COMBUSTIBLE
2. In commerce, politics, etc.: unite; spec. Antonyms: see departure.
syndicate, consolidate, merge, pool, fuse. command, n. See bidding, authority,
1.
combustible, a. Spec, burnable, tindery, control, direction, view, force.
ioflammable. 2. Referring to the faculty: control, au-
Antonyms: incombustible.
see thoritativeness.
come, V. i. 1. approach, hither {rare), at- commander, n. controller {rare), chief,
tain (rare or archaic), advene {literary); leader, captain (chiefly spec); spec, com-
spec, immigrate. mandant, chiHarch, centurion, tagus,
Antonyms: see depakt. heretoga, hetman, drungar, nipparch,
2. See ARRIVE, ARISE, APPEAR, RESULT, kiUadar, lochage or lochagus, sirdar, pro-
EMANATE, HAPPEN, FOLLOW, BECOME, consul, decurion, enomotarch, commen-
DESCEND, DERIVE, ACCRUE, IMMIGRATE, dador, shogun, taxiarch, commodore.
RESULT, REACH, YIELD. commander-in-chief, n. generalissimo
3. fall; as a disease, calamity, etc. (rare or spec), generalissima (fem.); spec.
comfort, n. 1. See aid, cheer. tartan.
2. comfortableness, ease, self -ease {rare), commanding, a. bidding (rare), magis-
luxury; spec, peace, satisfyingness {rare), terial (bookish or learned), imperative,
restfmness, coziness, content, enjoyment; mandative, mandatory, jussive (rare),
see REST, RELIEF, CONVENIENCE. peremptory, preceptive.
Antonyms: see discomfort, distress, commemorative, a. memorial, recorda-
PAIN. tive (rare), memorative (rare), celebrative
3. Of that give ease: easement
things (rare).
(rare), lujoiry; spec, solace, rest, satisfac- commensal, n. Spec companion, (coniext-
tion, rehef, convenience. val),messmate, guest, inquiUne (tech.;
Antonyms: see trouble, annoyance. trenchmate. "Commensal" is rare.
rare),
comfort, V. t. 1. See cheer. comment, v. i. & t. remark, observe, com-
2. ease, recomfort {archaic); spec, rest, mentate (rare), animadvert (literary;
satisfy, quiet; see relieve. chiefly spec), descant (literary), opine
Antonyms: see harass, discomfort, (stilted or humorous); spec discourse,
DISTRESS, PAIN, WORRY. touch, gloss (rare), interpose, interject.
comfortable, a. 1. cheering, pleasant, comment, n. remark, observation, reflec-
self-satisfied. tion, note, animadversion (rare or literary;
2. easy, easeful, well, luxurious; spec. chiefly spec), commentary (chiefly spec),
cozy, satisfactory, satisfying, assuring, descant (literary), discourse; spec, scholi-
roomy, snug, convenient, restful. asm, whisper, nothing, interjection, gos-
Antonyms: see uncomfortable, dis- sip, exegesis, gloss; see annotation,
tressing, ANNOYING. criticism, explanation.
comforter, n. 1. spec, cheerer, solacer, aider, commercial, a. mercantile, mercurial (lit-
helper; spec.Holy Spirit. Cf. aid, cheer. erary), mercatorial (rare); spec, shoppy.
2. See bedcover. commercial traveler, drummer, bagman,
comic, o. comical; spec, burlesque, far- traveler (contextual), rider (obs.).
cical; see FUNNY, LAUGHABLE. comminute, 0. t. reduce, fritter (rare),
Antonyms: see tragic. fine (rare); spec, grind, grate, bray, tritu-
coming, a. 1. Coming in space: nearing; rate, pulverize, crush, crumb, crumble,
see approaching. harrow, buck (mining), mince, hash.
2. Coming in time: ensuing, nearing, ap- Antonyms: see unite.
proaching, imminent, forthcoming; see commission, n. 1. warrant, certificate
FUTURE. (contextual); spec, brevet.
coming, n. 1. See arrival. 2. See agency.
2. As to time: approach, appropinquation 3. authorization (contextual); spec, errand,

{fig.; archaic), advent; spec, advance. mission, message, duty, charge; see order.
3. As to space: accession {now rare); see 4. allowance, pay, fee; spec, dastoori or
APPROACH. dustoori (East India), rake-off (slang).

V^^ Cross references: see Note. commandment: bidding. commensuration: proportimi.

combustion: burning. commemorate: celebrate. commentary: comment.
come-down: fall. commence: begin, commerce, n.: traffic, intercourse.
comedy: drama. commencement: beginning. commerce, v. i.: traffic.
comely: good-looking. [er. commend: praise, commit. comminate: threaten.
come-oilter: dissenter, reform- commendable: praiseworthy. commingle: mix.
comflt: sweetmeat. commendation: praise, com- comminuted fine.:
comfortless: disconsolate. mitment, respect. commiserate: compassionate.
comical: laughable. commensurable: adequate. commiseration: compassion.
oomlty: politeness. commensurate: adequate, pro- commissary: agent.
3ommandant: commander. portionate. commissioner: representative.
tW See Notes of Explanation.
78
 COMMUNICATION
6. In a had or
evil sense: doing {often with 2. topic; spec, quotation; see sating.
"of"), perpetration, commitment (rare), commonplace, a. everyday, common, or-
committal (obs.). dinary, hackneyed, threadbare, stale,
commit, v. t. t. deliver, consign, intrust or tame, trite, trivial (now rare), banal, ple-
entrust, trust, confide, commend, recom- beian (literary), Philistine (literary), prose,
mend, refer (rare); spec, resign, transfer, prosy, prosaic; spec, exoteric, platitudi-
recommit, leave. nous, pedestrian, dull, monotonous, sober.
Antonyms: see withdraw. Antonyms: see odd, unusual, originat..
9. See BEFER, DELEGATE, COMPROMISE. commonplace, v. i. platitudinize (rare or
8. consign (as to memory, wriiing, etc.), learned), twaddle.
reduce. common-sense, n. understanding (con-
4. send, consign, remit (rare), remand; textual), mother wit, sense, horse sense
spec, condemn, relegate;
see condemn, (coUoq.), gumption (coUoq., U. S.), spvey
IMPRISON. orsavy (slang).
Antonyms: see free. Antonyms: see nonsense.
6. In a bad or evil sense: do, perpetrate; commotion, n. 1. See agitation.
spec, sin (a sin), cut (as in "to cut up 2. disturbance (contextual), stir, breeze
pranks"). (colloq.),fuss, ferment, welter, turmoU,
commitment, n. 1. delivery, consign- hurly-burly (now undignified), disorder,
ment, consignation, committal, intrusts pother, ado, tempest C^.); see bustle.
ment, confiding, commendation; spec. Antonyms: see calm.
resignation, transfer. 3. Spec, sea (as in "there was a sea on"),
8. See reference, deleqation, bind- rip, bobble, chop.
ing, sending, imprisonment. communicable, a. 1. impartible, convey-
3. warrant (for imprisonment), mittimus, able; spec, teachable, transferable; see
condemnation, relegation. catching.
i. Referring to the document: warrant, S. See communicative.
mittimus. communicant, n. Eccl.: communicator,
5. consignment (as to memory, writing, communionist, communer (esp. U. S.),
etc.),reduction, committal. partaker; spec, kneeler.
commodity, n. thing (contextual); spec. communicate, v. t. 1. impart, convey,
ware, drug (as in "a drug on the market"). give, carry, confide | spec, deliver, tele-
common, a. 1. general, universal, mutual phone, teU, say, write, narrate, express,
(properly only of two); spec, commutual, send, telegraph, cable, signal, wigwag,
reciprocal, jomt, collective. heliograph, sing, break, shout, transmit,
2. popular, exoteric (learned), vulgar (ob- etc.; see carry.
solescent); see public. 2. In reference to disease, emotions, etc.:
Antonyms: see individttal. impart, convey, give, transmit.
8. usual, ordinary, standard, regular, pre- 8. Ecd.: house! (hist.).
vailing, vulgar (obsolescent); spec, fre- communicate, v. i. I. Eccl.: partake, com-
quent, familiar; see habitual. mune (esp. U. S.), receive.
Antonyms: see unusual, extraordi- 2. Referring to persons: converse (now
nary, UNFAMILIAR, ESPECIAL, EXTREME. chiefly spec), intercommunicate, inter-
4. inferior, ordinary, trivial (rare or ar- commune (rare); spec, intermessage (rare),
chaic), vulgar; spec, popular, low, base, correspond, deal, cable, talk, write, etc.;
unrefined, commonplace, illiterate; see see CONVERSE.
PLEBEIAN, COARSE. 3. Referring to places joined by passage-
Antonyms: see aristocratic, exclu- ways, etc.: connect, intercommunicate.
sive. communication, n. 1. impartation, im-
5. In grammar: epicene (a loose and im- partment (rare), conveyance, giving; spec.
proper use). transmittal, transmission, sending, tell-
commonplace, banality, triviality
n. 1. ing, saying, writing, narration.
(now rare), prosaism, twaddle,
prosai- 2. intelligence (rare); spec message, tele-
cism, prose, cabbage (fig. or slang); spec. gram, cable (colloq.), wire (colloq.), cable-
platitude (rare or spec), fadaise (French), gram, confidence, secret, news, informa-
truism. tion; see LETTER, message.
Antonyms: see oddity. 3. See INTERCOURSE, "I passage.

t^' Cross references: see Note. commix: mix. commonwealth: community,

committal: commitment, refer- commodious: roomy, convenient. state.
ence, delegation, binding, com- commodity: convenience, thing, communallsm: socialism.
miaaion. goods, commune, n.: people.
committee: truatee, body. commonalty: commune, v. i.; converse.

V^ See Notes of Explanation.

79
 •

COMMUNICATIVE
4. Referring to the relation of places joined spec), number (contextual), rout (now
by passageways, etc.: connection, inter- chiefly poetic); spec, bevy, flock, covey,
communi cation. kennel, gang, set, mob, herd, brood, crew,
5.Referring to diseases, ideas, etc.: im- horde, troop, troupe, platoon, squad, co-
partation, giving, conveyance, transmis- hort, gaggle (derisive), circle, suite, con-
sion; spec, infection, contagion. course, vexiUum, turma, team, Hanse,
communicatiTe, a. communicatory, com- watch, table, caravan, faction, taxis, vex-
municable, transmittive (rare); spec. iUation (rare), mess, cavalcade, claque,
chatty. command, posse.
Antonyms: see reticent. comparative, a. relative (contextual), col-
communion, n. 1. See commttnity, sym- lative (tech.); spec contrastive.
pathy, INTEBCOtmSE, ASSOCIATION. compare, v. t. 1. collate, parallel, balance,
2. Ecd.: liturgy, celebration, concelebra/- paralleUze (rare), counterpoise, paragon
tion, Eucharist, Sacrament, Lord's Sup- (archaic or poetic), measure, confront,
per, Eulogia (hist.), Mass. confer (obs., exc. as imperative, and usvn
community, n. 1. communion, sohdarity ally in abbr. "cf."); spec, equal (rare),
(literary); spec, sharing, partnership, equate (rare); see contrast, liken.
society. 2. In grammar: inflect.
2.group, body, society, commonvrealth; compare, v. i. match; spec vie.
spec,body politic (tech.), state, neighbor- comparison, n. 1. See likening.
hood, preceptory, phalanstery. 2. collation, confrontation, parallelism,
compact, o. 1. See composed, concise. dissimile (rare), simile, contrast, equating,
2. dense, consistent, soUd, close, crass balance, compare (u>ith "past" or "be-
(obsolescent), massive (chiefly spec, and yond").
tech.), gross (literary and fig.); spec, heavy, 3. parable (archaic), similitude, parabole
saggy, woofy (rare), packed, snug, tight, (rare), balance, simile, paraUehzation
thick. (rare); spec, dissimile.
Antonyms: see porous, scattered. compartment, n. division, chamber, par-
3. Referring to things or their arrange- tition; spec, pane, pigeonhole, ceU, coup6
ment, as rooms, a house, etc.: close, tight, (French), locker, coffer, bay, severy, em-
snug, neat; spec, packed. bayment (rare), well; see panel.
compactness, n. 1. density, body, con- compass, n. I. See boundary, circum-
sistence, consistency, denseness (rare), ference, AREA, BOUND, CIRCUIT.
solidity, closeness, consohdation, thick- 2. sweep, scope; see reach.
ness, compactedness, heaviness, conja- 3. extent, range; in music- range, scope,
cency (rare), snugness, etc. sweep, gamut, register (of the voice),
2. neatness. diapason.
companion, n. associate (contextual), 4. Naut.: needle (fig.), pyxis (rare), box
shadow (fig. or spec), company; spec. (fig.; colloq.); spec. dial.
match, compeer (rare), commensal, es- compassion, n. 1. sympathy, kindness,
cort, chaperon, accomplice, symbiont, bowels (pi.; obsolescent or literary), com-
attendant, mate; see spouse, comrade. miseration, pity, rue (archaic), ruth (liter-
companionable, a. livable, boon (rare or ary or archaic), heart, tenderness, pite-
archaic); spec, clubable; see sociable, ousness (archaic), pitifulness, mercy,
CONVIVIAL. pathos.
companionship, n. association, fellow- Antonyms: see cruelty, malevolence,
ship, intercourse, company, mateship HATE.
(rare), society; spec, sjrmbiosis. 2. See sympathy.
companion way, n. stairs, passageway; — compassionate, a. sympathetic, kind,
both contextual. tender, commiserative, ruthful
pitiful,
company, n. 1. See companionship, (archaic), piteous (archaic), compassive
COMPANION, association, GUEST, FIRM, (rare).
GANG. Antonyms: see unfeeling, uncompas-
2. assembly, association, party (colloq. or SIONATE, apathetic, MALEVOLENT, HATE-
spec), crowd (colloq., U. S. and British FUL, CRUEL, COLD, RELENTLESS.
colonies), boodle (contemptuous), sack (col- compassionate, v. t. pity, commiserate,
log.), lot (contemptuous), consort (obs. or bepity (intensive).
archaic), fellowship (archaic or rare, exc Antonyms: see congratulate.
t^ Cross references: aee Note. coxnmutual: common. companionleBs: alone.
communism: socialism. compact, n.: agreement, con- compass: curved.
commutable: exch federacy. \pose, abridge. compatible: consistent.
commute: exchange. compact, V. t.: consolidate, com- compatriot: countryman.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

80
 COMPLETION
compel, V. t. oblige, necessitate,
1. force, complaining, n. faultfinding, complain-
coerce, make (mth the infin. wUhout "to"), tive {rare), murmuring; spec, grumbling,
coact {rare), coarct {rare), drive, enforce growling, grousing (coltog.).
{archaic or literary), constrain, impel, complaining, a. 1. iSee ailing.
move, gar {Scot.), distress {rare), com- 2. grumbly {colloq.), querimonious {liter-
pulse {obsolescent); spec, conjure, concuss ary); spec, querulous, peevish.
{.chiefly Scot.), drum, distrain, hunger complaint, n. 1. See ailment.
{rare), reduce. 2. murmuring, grumbling, etc., murmur,
Antonyms: see coax, cajole, ask. lament, lamentation, plaint {literary),
2. See DEMAND. querimony {rare), plain (archaic), repining
compellable, a. enforceable, coercible, (chiefly spec); spec, growl, gnmt, whine.
constrainable. 3. accusation, charge, plaint {liierary or
Antonyms: see unyielding. law); spec, information, grievance.
compelled, a. forced, obliged, constrained, complaisant, a. complacent {obsolesc),
beholden {archaic), vain {now literary). agreeable {contextual), pKant, soft,
compensate, v. t. 1. offset, counterbal- smooth, yielding, supple, facile {literary),
ance, balance, redress
{rare), counter- subservient, buxom {archaic), easy^ yreak,
poise, countervail;
spec, recoup, redeem. doughfaced {colloq.), courtly, yielding;
2. pay {contextim), requite, repay, rec- spec, gracious, condescending, exorable,
ompense, guerdon {poetic or rhetorical), submissive; see obliging, obedient.
reward, remunerate; spec, restitute {rare), Antonyms: see perverse, obstinate,
indemnify, recoup; see retribute. disputatious, unyielding, unaccommo-
compensation, n. 1. offset, set-off, bal- dating, disobedient, controversial.
ance, counterbalance, countervaiUng, complement, n. 1. See completion, crown.
counterpoise; spec, recoupment, redemp- 2. total, tale; spec, cadre {French; mil.).
tion. complete, a. 1. full, entire, perfect, inte-
Antonyms: see lobs. grate integral
{rare), {rare), round
2. pay {contextiud), payment {contextual), {chiefly spec); spec intact, self-contained,
recompense, repayment, requital; spec. dead, orbed {rare), orbicular; see whole,
amends, indemnity, indemnification, sat- ABSOLUTE, THOROUGH.
isfaction, reward, reparation, justice, Antonyms: see incomplete, partial,
solatium, honorarium, recoupment, res- initial, conditional, imperfect.
titution; RETRIBUTION.
see 2. See FINISHED, accomplished.
compensatory, a. paying {contextual), complete, v. t. I. consummate, totalize,
compensative, reparative, amendatory, complement {rare), round {used chiefly
indemnificatory, etc. with "out"), integrate; spec, mature,
compete, v. i. contend, strive; spec. race. crown, cap, perfect, peifectionate {rare).
competition, n. contest, contention, ri- Antonyms: see begin.
valship, rivalry, rivalism {rare), rivality 2. See FINISH, accomplish.
{rare), concurrence {now used as French); completed, a. perfected, consummate;
spec, trial, handicap; see race, emula- spec, mature, ripe.
tion. completely, adv. 1. fully, entirely, right
Antonyms: see coSperatign. {archaic or dial.), quite;' spec, integrafly,
competitor, n. contestant, rival, antag- perfectly, consummately, roundly, cap-S,-
onist, concurrent {now chiefly used as pie {French), out, altogether.
French); spec, field {competitors collec- 2. See ABSOLUTELY, WHOLLY, THOR-
tively; fig. or spec); spec, entrant; see OUGHLY.
racer. completion, n. 1. consummation, perfec-
compilation, n. composition {contextiml), tion, complement {rare), int^ation;
recueil {French); spec, customary or cus- spec, maturement {rare).
tumal, anthology. Antonyms: see beginning.
compile, v. t. compose, quilt {rare;fi^.). 2. Referring to the stale: consummation,
complain, v. i. murmur, grunt, grumble, etc. {as in sense 1, above), fuU, integrity;
gruntle {rare), grutch {archaic), lament, spec maturity.
infinity,
repine {chiefly spec), plain {archaic); 3. Referring completing thing: com-
to the
spec, moan, groan, growl, grouse {colloq.), plement, completely {rare); spec, cope-
scold, mutter, whine. stone, coronation {rare or literary), crown,
Antonyms: see rejoice. finish, correlate.

^^ Cross references: see Note. compete: contend. competent: adequate, qualified,

compeer, n.; equal. oompetence: fortune. able.
compendiousr concise. competency: ability, qualifi- complacent: aelf-salisfied.
oompendium; abridgement. cation. complement, v. t.: complete.

t^' See Notes of Explanation.

81
 COMPLETIVE
Antonyms: beginning.
see component, n. part, constituent, ingre-
4. See FINISHING, ACCOMPLISHMENT. dient, principle, element, material; spec.
completive, a. completory (rare), perfec- interimxture.
tive, consummative, complementary. compose, V. t. 1. make (contextual), consti-
complex, o. 1. See composite. tute, form, compound, compact, bmld
2. complicated, complicate, intricate, (chiefly spec); spec, synthesize, construct,
perplexed, involute (rare), involved; spec. weave, fabricate, mix.
entangled, knotty, mazy, inextricable, de- Antonyms: see analyze, disintegrate.
complex, dsedal, Daedalian, Gordian, 2. produce, make, do, indite (learned),
crabbed. frame, build, gignate (rare and jocular),
Antonyms: see simple. prepare; spec, write, draw, redact, twist,
cqmplex, n. 1. See composite. address, compile, recompose, collate, con-
2. complexus (rare), complication, corn- flate (rare), sonnetize (rare), dash (used
pages (rare), complexity, complejcus; spec. with "off"), scribble, hexametrize, score,
network, web, tangle, snarl, intangle- precompose, fable; see compile, extem-
ment, node, maze, labyrinth. porize.
complexion, n. 1. Of the skin: hue (now 3. In printing: set.
almost equiv. to "color"), color, blee 4. See arrange.
(archaic). 5. calm (contextual), coUect, recover, rec-
2. See APPEABANCE, ASPECT. ollect (pron. rek-o-lekt'), recall.
complexioned, a. complected (dial, or col- compose, v. i. Spec, write, sonnetize, son-
loq., U. S.), hued. net, sonneteer, pamphletize, elegize, epi-
complexity, n. 1. complexness (rare), per- taph, epigrammatize, epUogize or epilo-
plexity, complicatedness, complication, guize (rare), prose, poetize.
complicacy, complicity (rare), involution, composed, a. 1. constituted, formed, com-
intncateness, intricacy, involvedness; spec. pact or compacted (archaic), compagi-
confusion, inextricabUity, intricableness, nated (rare).
maziness. 2. cahn (contextual), collected, seK-pos-
2. See complex. sessed, cool; see peaceful.
compliant, a. conformable, compilable Antonyms: see excited, uneasy.
(now rare), spec, resigned; see complai- composer, n. 1. maker, doer, poet (rare or
sant, OBEDIENT. archaic), constructor, constructer (rare),
Antonyms: see disobedient. framer, former, builder.
complicate, v. t. perplex, intricate (rare), 2. author (which see); spec melodist,
involve, complex, compound; spec, em- melodramatist, symphonist, hymnist,
barrass, entangle, intertangle (rare), inter- hymnodist, harmonist.
lace, decompound. S. In music: author.
Antonyms: see bimplipt. composite, o. compound, complex (ar-
complicity, n. association, privity, guilt. chaic), concrete (literary or spec), decom-
Antonyms: see innocence. posite (tech.), comphcate (archaic); spec.
compliment, n. 1. praise (contextual), decompound, colonial, polyzoic, polyge-
honor (contextual); spec, encomium, eu- nous, conflate (literary criticism).
logy, tribute, panegyric, flattery, com-
Antonyms: see simple.
mendation, ovation. composite, n. compound, composition,
Antonyms: see disparagement, cen- complexus (tech.), compo (cant or colloq.;
sure, REPROOF, condemnation. chiefly Eng.), complex (archaic), confec-
2. In pi.: see respect. tion (rare or spec), combination, compost
compliment, v. t. 1. praise (contextual), (literary); spec, breccia, conglomerate,
honor (contextual); spec, commend, con- compositum, motley, conserve.
gratulate, eulogize, flatter, favor. composition, n. 1. preparation (context-
Antonyms: see disparage, censure, ual), constitution, make-up, making,
REPROVE, CONDEMN. formation, confection (rare), compaction
2. See PRESENT, BESTOW. (rare), synthesis (learned), framing, com-
comply, V. i. conform (tised with "to"), pounding, building; spec, dispensation;
yield; see obey. see structure, mixture.
component, a. constituent, constitutive, Antonyms: see analysis.
compositional (rare), ingredient, integral 2. Referring to the distinctive character:
(chiefly spec), integrant (chiefly spec); constitution, make, make-up.
spec, partial, elemental. 3. See composite, compromise.
K^^ Cross references: see Note. complication: complexity. complot, V. i.: am&pire.
complex, V. t.: complicate. complimentary: laudatory. comport, V. t.: behave,
complexus: complex, composite. complot, n.; conspiracy. comport, V. i.:
JS" See Notes ot Explanation.
82
 CONCEIT
4. production, authorship, writing, indit- sitation, coercion, coaction (rare), coarc-
ing or inditement {learned); spec, in- tation (rare), constraint, impulsion (rare),
vention, imagination, coiiflation; see force (chiefly spec), reduction, enjforce-
COMPILATION. ment; spec, necessity, concession (chiefly
6. In music: spec, instrumentation, hym- Scot), distraint.
nology, hymnody, songcraft. Antonyms: see coaxing, cajolery.
6. Referring to literary productions: pro- compulsory, o. 1. compellent (rare), ob-
duction, preparation, piece, opus; spec. ligatory, necessitative, coercive, impera-
work, opuscule, screed, brochure, paper, coercionary (rare), coaotive (rare),
tive,
discourse, disquisitionj effusion, disserta^ constraining, impelling, moving, imperi-
tion, tract, disputation, essay, thesis, ous; spec, violent.
theme, treatise, tractate, study, fiction, 2. forced, enforced, obUgatory.
poem, novel, sequence, prose, exercise, Antonyms: see optional.
elucubration (rare), lucubration (often kur- computable, a. calculable, countable,
morons), conflation {archaic), pastoral, numerable, reckonable, etc.
scribble, thing {contemptv/ms), morceau computation, n. 1. calculation, reckon-
{French), Balaam, extravaganza, niminy- ing, account (now only in a few phrases, as
piminy, dithyramb, descant, diatribe. "money of account"), computus (hist.);
7. Referring to musical productions: pro- spec, estimation, counting, recount, tell-
duction, opus; spec, compilation, drama, ing (archaic), numbering, numeration,
oratorio, concertino, concerto, aria, fugue, enumeration, denumeration (rare), divi-
study, sonata, sonatina, nocturne, inter- multiplication, subtraction, calcu-
sion,
mezzo, madrigal, duet, quartet, sextet, lus, indigitation (rare), supputation
morceau {French), melologue {rare), med- (rare), ciphering, rhabdology, day tale or
ley, melopoeia. daytal or datal (local Eng.), expansion,
8. In art: spec. reUef, relievo, alto-re- capitation, logistics; see addition.
Uevo, basso-rehevo, statue, painting, 2. Referring to the result arrived at: result,
etching, etc. account, calculation, reckoning; spec.
9. typesetting, typography. score, sum, quotient, multiple, estimate.
compositive, a. constitutive, synthetical; computative, a. calculative; spec, enu-
spec, retextive {hgic; rare). merative, numerative.
Antonyms: see analytical. compute, V. i. dk i. calculate, reckon: spec.
compositor, n. composer, typesetter; spec. count, recount, figure, tell (archaic), nu-
typothetse {pi.). merate, enumerate, cast, number, con-
composure, n. calm (contextual), collec- numerate (rare), divide, multiply, sub-
tion, recollection, self-possession; see tract, cipher (coUoq., U. S.), estmiate,
BALANCE, PEACE. tally; see add.
compotation, n. drinking (contextual), comrade, n. associate, companion, fellow,
symposium; spec, carouse. frater (Latin); spec, contubernal, mess-
comprehensive, a. 1. See inclttsive, un- mate, roommate, crony (intimate), coach-
derstanding. fellow, playmate, playfellow, chum (col-
2. large, wide, extensive, broad, general, loq.); see intimate.
sweepmg, expansive; spec, all-embracing. concede, v. 1. 1. See ACKNOWLEDGE, grant,
Antonyms: see narrow. RELINQUISH.
compromise, n. 1. arrangement (context- 2. allow, grant, yield.
ual), composition. conceit, n. 1. conception.
2.See arrangement, concession. 2. judgment, opinion.
compromise, v. t. 1. arrange (contextual), 8. conceitedness, self-esteem, self-com-
compound. placency, self-conceit, self-exaltation, in-
a. See endanger. flation, self -pleasing (rare), self-glorifi-
8. prejudice, commit. cation, self-sufficiency, sufficiency, self-
comptroller, n. controller; spec, steward, satisfaction, self - admiration, megalo-
auditor. mania, egotism, vanity, egoism (rare),
compulsion, n. forcing, obUgation, neces- overweening, overweeningness, outrecui-

GSr Cross references: see Note. comprehend: understand, in- compunction: regret.
compost: fertilizer. clude, imply. [able. compunctious: regretful.
compote: preaerve, comprehensible: understand- concatenate: connect.
compound, n.: incLoaure. comprehenslon: understand- concatenation: connection,
compound, a.: composite. ing, intelligence, inclusion. series.
compound, n.: composite, de- compress, v. t.: squeeze, con- concave: hollow, hole.
rivative. dense, crowd, consolidate, con- conceal: hide.
compound, v. t.: compose, strict, abridge. concealed: hidden, secret.
complicate, arrange, pay. comprise: include. concealment: hiding, secrecy.

X^ See Notes of Explanation.

S3
 CONCEITED
dance {French; rare), priggery, priggish- 2. reconcile {as theories, differences).
ness, assurance, puppyism. 3. See PACIFY.
Antonyms: see bashfulness, modestt, concise, a. brief {contextual), terse, con-
HmiBLENESS. densed, short {contextual), pithy, com-
4. See IMAGINATION. pact, sententious, compressed, succinct,
6. notion, caprice, quip, quirk, fancy, de- summary; spec, laconic, holophrastic,
vice {archaic), crochet, maggot, crank, curt, epigrammatic, compendious.
trick; see caprice. Antonyms: see prolix, wordy, ver-
conceited, a. self-complacent, self-satis- bose, DISCURSIVE.
fied, self-pleased, self-conceited, egotis- conciseness, a. brevity, shortness {con^
tical {rare), egotistic, vain, overweening, textual), concision {rare), syntomy (rare),
priggish, self-opinionated, self-opinioned, shortness {contextual), terseness, comma-
self-sufiicient, inflated, blown {literary), tism {learned), succinctness, compactness;
conceity {coUoq., chiefly Scot.). spec, laconism, etc.
Antonyms: see bashful, modest. conclude, v. t. 1. See end, infer, decide.
conceive, v. t. 1. form {in the womb). 2. effect, make, drive, close; spec, com-
2. form {in the mind), frame, ideate {rare), pound.
brain {rare). Antonyms: see abolish, prevent.
3. See IMAGINB, DEVISE, THINK, UNDEB- conclusion, n. 1. See end, event, infer-
STAND. ence, decision.
concentrate, v. t. 1. concenter {rare), 2. effecting, making, closing, effectuation.
strengthen; spec, reconcentrate; see dis- concoct, V. t. devise {contextiud) , prepare,
till, INTENSIFY, CONDENSE, UNITE, FOCUS. invent, brew, plan; see plan.
Antonyms: see separate, scatter, dis- concoction, n. 1. devising, preparation
perse, DIFFUSE. {contextu/il) , planning, invention, brewing.
5. Referring to the mind, attention, ideas, 2. device, preparation, invention; spec.
etc.: focus {fig.), consolidate {fig.), recol- he, mixture, dose, scheme, plot.
lect; spec, rally, localize; see apply. concomitant, a. accompanying, concur-
concentrated, a. Spec, condensed, intent rent; spec, simultaneous, coincident, coex-
(ofa person), fixed, intensified, etc. istent, accessory; see contemporaneous.
Antonyms: see diffuse. concourse, n. 1. As to persons or animals:
conception, n. 1. conceiving; spec, super- confluence, conflux, concurrence, con-
fetation or superfoetation. gress {rare); see gathering.
2. Spec, embryo, fetus or foetus. 2. See confluence, junction.
S. See IMAGINATION, THINKING, UNDER- concrete, a. 1. iSee composite, actual,
STANDING, IDEA, PLAN. particular, solid.
conceptual, a. conceptive, concipient 2. In reference to numbers: material {theol.
{rare). and philos.), denominate {rare).
concert, n. 1. See coopehation, conspir- concrete, n. 1. composite, compound, con-
acy, AGREEMENT. cretion.
2. entertainment, consort (obs. or hist.); 2. Spec, conglomerate, beton, tabby,
spec, aubade {French), madrigal, serenade, ferroconcrete, asphalt.
recital. concretion, n. 1. See solidification,
concession, n. 1. See accession, accretion.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT, RELINQUISHMENT, 2. The thing formed: collection {context-
GRANT. ual), concrement {rare), concrescence
2. allowance, granting, grant, yielding; (rare), concrete '{obsolesc); spec, calculus,
spec, compromise. knot, congelation, accretion, crystalliza-
conciliate, v. 1. 1. win {favor, a person, etc.), tion, geode, dacryolite, dacryohth.
square (a person; colloq.); spec, curry concubinage, n. cohabitation; spec.
{favor). hetffirism, hetairism'.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. concernment: interest, im- concordat: agreement.
conoeitedness: conceit. portance, care. concrete: solidify.
conceivable: thinkable, im- concerning: about. concupiscent: desirtms, lasciv-
aginable. concert, v. t.: plan, Joperate. ious, [erate.
concent: harmony. concert, «. i.: conspire, co- concur: coincide, agree, codp-
concentric: parallel. conclude: end, finish, eventuate. concurrence: coincidence, con-
concept: idea. conclusive: final, decisive, con- course, confluence, agreement,
concern, n.: affairi thing, in- vincing. codperation, correspondence,
terest, importance, care, rela- concord, n.: agreement, peace, junction.
tion, firm. harmony. concurrent: coincident, con'
concern, v. t.: affect. concord, v. i.: agree, fluent, concomitant, coopera-
concerned: affected, careful, concordant: agreeable, harmo- tive, joint, correspondent.
anxious. nious. concuss: shock, shake.
(9° See Notes of Explanation.
84
 CONFESS
condemn, v. t. 1. disapprove {contextual), Antonyms: see develop, enlarge.
discommend reprobate, disallow condescend, v. i. stoop, deign, descend,
{rare),
(archaic), disfavor, reprehend, discounte- vouchsafe.
nance, denounce, deprecate; spec, anath- condescending, a. gracious (of very ex-
ematize, damn [archaic; very strong, or cdted persons).
vulgar), hoot, hiss; see censure Antonyms: see arrogant.
.

Antonyms: see condemn, applaud, ap- condescension, n. I. Referring to an

prove, PRAISE, COMPLIMENT. action or to an act: stoop.
2. sentence, doom, judge {obs.), adjudge; 2. condescendence, graciousness, grace;
spec, damn (archaic), lag (cant). spec, complaisance.
3. consign, commit (contextual), devote, condition, n. 1. provision, proviso, pre-
doom. requisite, postulate, precondition; spec.
4. See CONVICT, CONFISCATE, APPRO- assumption, contingency, terms (pL), de-
PRIATE. feasance, stipulation.
condemnable, a. 1. disapprovable, dis- 2. See QtrALiFiCATioN, state, rank,
allowable, damnable (archaic, very strong, limitation.
or vulgar); see blamable, reprehensible. conditional, a. subject, conditioned, pro-
2. convictable, adjudgeable. visional, provisory, provisionary, pre-
5. consignable, conmiittable, devotable. requisite; spec, contingent, dependent.
condemnation, n. 1. disapprobation, dis- Antonyms: see absolute, complete.
commendation (rare), reprehension, dis- conduct, v. t. 1. See guide, escort, man-
approval, frown, reprobation, deprecia- age, hold, behave, transport, trans-
tion, damnation (very strong or vulgar); mit.
see censure. 2. In the sense of "to carry on as an enter-
Antonyms: see justification, applause, prise": run, operate, carry (often with
APPROVAL, praise, ADMIRATION, COM- "along," "on," etc.); spec, push, drive,
PLIMENT. wage.
2. conviction, convictment (rare), sen- conductor, n. 1. See leader, guide, es-
tence, doom, judgment (rare). cort, manager.
8. consignment, commitment (context- 2. guard (on a train; Eng.); spec, tripper.
ual), committal, doom (rare). S. transmitter, conveyor; spec, cable,
condemnatory, a.disapprobatory,
I. lead, bus, buster.
damnatory, reprobative, reprehensive, cone-shaped, a. conical, conic, coniform
deprecatory; see censorious. (rare).
Antonyms: see approving, laudatory, confection, v. t. prepare, form, mix.
PRAISINQ. confederacy, n. 1. association, league, al-
2. convictive. liance, compact (the agreement only),
S. consignatory, devotive, doomful. union, coalition, confederation, federa-
condensation, n. 1. thickening, concen- tionj spec. Bund (German), pentapolis,
tration, coercion (tech., and chiefly spec); Dreibund (German), Zollverein (German).
spec, liquefaction (of a gas), distillation, 2. conspiracy.
inspissation, solidification. confederate, a. leagued, allied, confeder-
2. abridgment, abbreviation, compres- ated, federated, federal.
sion, concentration. confer, v. i. 1. See converse, consult.
Antonyms: see development, enlarge- 2. talk, parley, palaver, powwow (fig. or
ment. spec).
condense, v. t &
i. 1. thidken, concentrate, conference, n. 1. See conversation,
densify (rare), coarct (rare); spec, in- consultation.
spissate, liquefy; see distill, solidify. 2. talk, parley, palaver, powwow (Jig. or
Anionyms: see dilute, evaporate, spec).
VAPOR. confess, v. t. 1. See acknowledge.
2. abridge (contextual), abbreviate, com- 2. disclose (contextual), tell, reveal, un-
press, concentrate; spec, epitomize. bosom, disbosom (rare); spec, unburden.

fSr Cross references : see Note. condone: excuse. confabulate: converse.

condeioendenoe: condeacen- conduce: tend, contribute. confabulation: conversation.
aion. conducement: contribution. confect: preserve.
condign: appropriate. conducive: contributory. confection: preparation, com-
condiment: flavoring. conduct, n.: management, di- position, sweetmeat, preservation.
eondition, v. t: stipulate, limit. rection, procedure, behavior, confectionery: factory, sweet-
conditioned: circumstanced. pursuit, doing. meat.
condole: sympathize. conduction: transmission. confederate: dUy, conspirator.
condolence: sympathy. conduit: channel. confederation: confederacy.
condonation; excuse. confab: conversation. confer: bestow.

US' See Notes of Explanation.

85
 CONFESSION
Antonyms: see hide, dent. Antonyms: see unlimited, uninclosed,
8. shrive, shrift {rare). WIDE.
cc^ifession, n. 1. See acknowledgment. 3. bedrid, bedridden.
2. shrift {chiefly spec). confinement, n. 1. imprisonment, incar-
3. Referring to a body o/ believers in one ceration {learned), carceration {rare), im-
faith: communion. murement {orig. spec), prisonment (rare),
confessional, n. stall. restraint, constraint, durance {chiefly liter-
confidant, n. confidante (fem.), confidente ary and in the phrase "in durance vUe"),
{French; fern.), confident {French; masc), ward {obsolescent); spec, duress, claustra-
intimate, privado {obs.). tion, captivity, chains, inclosure. Umbo,
confidence, n. 1. See assubance. prison, detainment {rare), custody.
2. assurance, certitude, self-confidence, Antonyms: see freedom.
positiveness, clearness, cocksureness, 2. fastening {contextual), holding {con-
surety {rare); spec, insistency, certainty. textual), securing {contextual), detention;
3. communication, privacy, secret. spec, chains, restraint.
confident, a. 1. See assttred, bold. 3. limitation, limiting, restriction, cir-
2.assured, sure, certain, positive, clear, cumscription, narrowness {as of oppor-
cocksure, secure {literary); spec, insistent. tunity), limit, crampedness, crampness
Antonyms: see anxious, timid. {rare); see restriction.
confidential, a. 1. private, secret, fiducial, 4. childbed.
fiduciary, trust. confining, o. limitative, limiting, restrict
2. See intimate, trusted. tive, circumscriptive, binding, limitary.
conflnable, a. restrainable, imprisonable. confirm, v. t. 1. establish, fix, strengthen;
confine, v. t. 1. imprison, prison {poetic spec, bishop; see strengthen.
or rhet.), mew {literary), incarcer- Antonyms: see abolish, weaken.
ate {learned), carcerate {rare), restrain, 2. ratify, sanction, validate, roborate
immure; spec, mure {orig. spec.), pew {rare), corroborate {now rare), avouch,
{fig. or spec), circumscribe {rare), kennel vouch {rare or tech.), approbate or ap-
(fi^. or spec), embound {rare), restrict, prove {chiefly Scots law); spec, homolo-
pen {fig. or spec), restringe {rare), close, gate {chiefly Scots law), countersign, in-
inclose {obs., exc. spec), jail, pinch, dorse, seal, reconfirm {rare).
shop {cant), baU, cauldron {rare), box, Antonyms: see invalidate, dispute.
house, closet, chamber {archaic), cabin 3. establish, verify, corroborate, accredit,
{rare), crib {rare), pound, impound, cub support, substantiate, sustain, clinch
{chiefly dial.), pin, embar {rare), impark {colloq.); see PROVii.
(rare), shackle, dam, dungeon, jug {slang), Antonyms: see disprove, discredit,
lock (ttsed chiefly with "up," "into," etc.), confute.
endungeon {rare), bastille or bastile, confirmable, a. verifiable; see provable,
gate {Eng. univ.),
cloister, coop, penfold, confirmation, n. seal, support, sanction,
yard, impale {rare), enchain, incave, en- verification.
cage, embank, intern, constrain, enjail confirmatory, a. 1. ratificatory, sanction-
{rare), labyrinth, cage; see detain. ative, corroborant {rare), roborative
Antonyms: see free. {rare), corroborative (obsolescent); spec.
2. fasten {contextual)^ hold, secure, de- signatory, obsignatory (rare).
tain, restrain; spec, tie, jess, braid, brail, 2. corroboratory, corroborative, corrobo-
bind, button, chain, constrict, enchain, rant, supportive.
rope, etc.; see bind. confiscate, v. t. take (contextual), seize,,
Antonyms: see loose. appropriate, forfeit (rare or hist.); spec.
3. bound, hmit, restrict, circumscribe, condemn, sequestrate, sequester.
astrict {rare), restringe {rare), pinch conflagrant, a. See burning.
{rare), narrow, cram; see restrict. conflict, n. 1. See contention, fight.
Many of the words given under sense 1 may 2. confliction (rare), encounter, ren-
be used figuratively in this sense. counter {rare), collision, clash; see in-
confined, a. 1. incarcerate {archaic), re- terference, disagreement.
strained, pent, imprisoned, mewed, etc; Antonyms: see agreement.
see BOUND. conflict, V. i. 1. See fight.
Antonyms: see free. 2. clash, encounter, rencounter (rare),
2. restricted, limited, narrow, close, collide; spec interfere; see disagree.
cramp; see narrow. Antonyms: see agree, conform.
t^^ Cross references: see Note. confiding, n.: commiirrLent. conflguratton: form, construction.
confide, v. L: ctmimit, tell. confiding, a..* trustful, believ- confine, n.: boundary.
confide, v. i.: trust. ing. oonflagratlon: fire.

fS' See Notes ot Explanation.

86
 CONGRATULATE
confliotory, a. conflicting, conflictive Antonyms: see calm, methodical, self-
(rare), collisive (rare), clashing j spec. controlled.
discordant, interfering, disagreeing. S. mixed, jumbled, jumbly, topsy-turvy,
Antonyms: see agreeing. higgledy-piggledy (contemptuous), promis-
confluence, n. 1. Meaning "a flowing to- cuous, messy (colloq.), macaronic (liter-
gether": junction, conflux, concourse, ary); spec, chaotic, troublous, indiscrim-
concurrence. inate, mussy (U. S.).
Antonyms: see divergence. Antonyms: see orderly, classified.
2. See CONCOURSE. confusedly, adv. helter-skelter, higgledy-
confluent, o. joining, meeting, commin- piggledy, jumbly, hurry-scurry.
gling, concurrent. confusing, a. perplexing, distracting,
Anionyms: divergent.
see flustering, etc.
conform, adjust, accommodate, confusion, n. 1.
v. t. See abashment, dis-
shape, assimilate, liken (rare); spec. comfiture, stupefaction.
serve; see adapt, harmonize. 2. Referring to the state of mind: perplexity
oonfoTm, V. i. t. agree (contextual; used (contextual), distraction, disconcerted-
wiih "with"), harmonize, shape; spec, as- ness, flurry, blankness, flutter, fluttera-
similate (used viith "to"). tion, muss (U. S.), fluster, flustration,
Antonyms: see conplict. bewilderment, wUderment (rare), puzzle,
2. See COMPLY, CORRESPOND. muddle, fuddle (chiefly spec), disconcer-
conformable, a. Spec, agreeable, adapt- tion (rare), disconcertment (rare), fluster,
able, consistent, correspondent, compliant. flusterment (rare), dazzle (rare), dazzle-
confront, v. See face, oppose, compare.
t. ment (rare), puzzlement (rare), mist,
2. contrapose (rare), counterpose (rare). muddiness (fig.), muddlement (rare);
confuse, v. t. 1. See abash. spec, dumfounderment, entanglement,
2. perplex (contextual), confound, dis- dumfoundedness, demoralization; see
tract, disconcert, flurry, addle, flutter, stupefaction, disarrangement.
fluster, flustrate, bewilder, flabbergast Antonyms: see calm, self-control.
(coUoq.), wilder (rare), muddle, bemud- S. Referring to the physical condition: dis-
dle (intensive), fuddle, befuddle (inten- order (contextual), ravelment (rare), jum-
sive), mist (fig.), bemlst (intensive), mess ble, chaos, muss (U. S.), higgledy-pig-
(colloq.), clutter (dial.), muss (coUoq., gledy (contemptuous) jumblement (rare),
I

U. /So, fuss (colloq., U. S.), dizzy, mix
(colloq.), bumbase (rare), maze (rare), en-
tangle, bemaze (rare), bemuse (rare),
blank (archaic or rare), dazzle, muddify
(rare), muddy (fl^.), gravel, bedevil (rare),
befog, fog (rare), demoralize (colhq. or
specT); spec, rattle, dumfound, dum-
founder; see stupefy, disconcert, dis- system, order.
comfit.
8. disorder (contextual), mix, jumble, rav-
el (rare), embroil, embrangle (rare), en-
tangle, mingle, muddle, commingle; spec.
blend, confound, mess, derange; see dis-
arrange.
babel (rare; fig.), coil (archaic), imbroil-
ment, imbrogUo (chiefly spec), hugger-
mugger (colloq.), moil (archaic), muddle,
fuddle, clutter (dial, or colloq.); spec, tan-
gle, tanglement, entanglement, promis-
disarrangement.
cuity; see
Antonyms: see arrangement, method,
confute, V. t. confound (archaic), convince
(archaic), convict (archaic), redargue
(Scot.), overthrow, overturn, overcome,
refute; spec, disprove, silence.
Antonyms: see confirm, prove.
congeal, v. t. &
i. soUdify (contextual), fix,

Antonyms: arrange, classify, dis-

see set, freeze (chiefly spec); spec, pectize
tinguish, elucidate. (rare), gelatinize, jelly, coagulate, ice
confused, a. 1. abashed; see abash. (rare); see crystallize.
2. flabbergasted (colloq.), bemazed (irv- Antonyms: see soften, liquify.
tensive), puzzleheaded, faggy, misty, congealed, a. solidified, set, frozen (chiefly
flustery (rare), flustered, turbid, mixed spec); spec, pectous.
(colloq.), distracted, distract (archaic), congenital, a. connate (chiefly spec), con-
muddy C^.), addle (literary), muddle- nascent (rare), innate (chiefly spec), con-
headed; spec, blank, dim, capernoitit natural.
(Scot.), thunderstruck, thunderstricken; congratulate, v. t. fehcitate, gratulate
see stupefied. (archaic), macarize (rare), hug (oneself).

f^^ Cross references: see Note. congener: ally, conglomerate, n.: mass, ac-
oonflux; confittence, concourse. congeneric: allied. cumulation, collection.
conlorxn, a.: consistent^ cone- congenial: agreeable. conglomerate, v.: coUect,
spondent. congeries: collection, accumulation, conglomeration: accumula-
oonlrdre: colleague. congest; accumulate, collect, coTigest. tion, collection.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

87
 , ,

CONGRATULATORY
plume (oneself), pride (oneself), flatter Antonyms: see unconquerable.
{oneself); see compliment. conquering, a. victorious.
Antonyms: see compassionate. conqueror, n. defeater, conqueress (Jem.),
congratulatory, a. gratulatory (rare). victor, victress (fern.),(fern.;
victrix
congregate, o. met (contextual) assembled. , Latin), winner, subjugator, subduer, dis-
congregate, V. i. assemble, gather, collect; comfiter, master; spec, humbler, reducer,
spec, throng, flock, swarm, crowd, herd prostrator.
(Jig. of men), shoal; see meet, crowd.' conquest, n. 1. See acquisition, over-
Antonyms: see separate, scatter. coming.
congregation, n. 1. assemblage, assembly, 2. victory, •ma. (colloq.), winning, mas-
gathering, collection; see meeting. tery; spec, triumph; see defeat.
2. church; spec, parish (U. S.), propa- conscientious, a. upright, religious, faith-
ganda (R. C. Ch.). ful, strict, scrupulous, exact, particular;
conical, conic, a. cone-shaped, coniform spec.caref ul, honorable, incorruptible, just.
(rare). Antonyms: see abandoned, deceitful,
conjectural, o. suppositional, suppositi- dishonest, careless, unprincipled.
tious (learned), hypothetical (learned), conscious, a. I. sensible, cognizant, per-
theoretical (chiefly tech.); see supposed. awake
cipient (tech. or learned), (Jig.), sen-
Antonyms: see unquestionable. tient; AWARE.
see
conjure, v. i. 1. juggle (rare), charm (rare), Antonyms: see unconscious.
incant (obs. or rare). 2. self-conscious; spec, guilty.
2. See JUGGLE. Antonyms: see innocent.
connect, v. t. Spec, concatenate, link, in- 3. See intentional.
terhnk, interconnect, associate, relate, consciousness, n. sensibility, sense, mind,
hyphen, hyphenate, hyphenize; see join, sentience (rare or literary), perception,
unite, attach, associate, RELATE. sensation, etc.
Antonyms: see detach, disconnect. conscribe, v. t. enlist (contextiuil), draft,
connect, v. i. Spec, lock, interlock, inter- impress.
digitate (rare), interosculate; see com- conscription, n. enlistment (contextvaT)
municate. drafting, impressment.
connection, n. Spec, attachrnent, junc-
1. consecrate, v. t. 1. To pronounce words of
tion, union, concatenation, interoscula- consecration over: bless (archaic), seal
tion, linking; see association, relation, (rare), sacrament (rare); spec, dedicate,
intercourse, communication. taboo, sanctify, devote.
Antonyms: see detachment. Antonyms: see curse.
2. See relation, bond, denomination. 2. To make consecrate (in fact): hallow,
connivance, n. winking; cf. collusion, co- sanctify, sacrament (rare; fig.), bless
operation, consent. (archaic)
connive, v. i. wink; nearly related are: Antonyms: see desecrate.
collude, cooperate, consent. consecration, n. 1. blessing (archaic),
connivent, a. Nearly related are: collusive, sacring; spec, sanctification, dedication,
cooperative; see accessory. devotion.
connoisseur, n. expert-, virtuoso (masc; 2. hallowing, sanctification, devotion.
Italian), virtuosa (Jem.; Italian); spec. consecrative, a. hallowing, consecratory,
critic, judge, epicure, lapidary. sanctifying.
conquer, v. i. prevail, overcome, over- consequence, n. 1. See RESULT, INFER-
throw, win; spec, triumph. ENCE, importance, SELF-IMPORTANCE.
conquerable, a. vincible (rare), vanquish- 2. succession (contextual), sequence, con-
able, overcomable (rare). secution, sequent.

K^' Cross references: see Note. conjugate, v. i.: unite. connubial: matrimonial.
congress: meeting, intercourse. conjunct: joined, united. conquer, v. t.: defeat, overcome.
oongmence: agreement, con- conjunctlTe, a.: joining, unit- consanguineous: related.
sistency. ing, joint. consanguinity: relation.
congruent: agreeing, consist- conjuration: magic, invoca- conscript: drafted.
ent. tion. consecrated: holy.
congTuity: agreement, consist- conjure, v. t: ask, invoke, consecution: succession, con^
ency. bring, effect. sequence.
congruous: agreeing, consist- conjurer: magician, juggler. consecutive: successive.
ent. conjury: magic, jugglery. consensual: agreeing.
conjoin: join, unite. connate: congenital, related, consensus: agreement.
conjoint: joint, united. united, consentaneous: agreeing, con-
conjugal: matrimonial. connected: joined, united, ad- sistent, unanimous.
conjugate, a.: joined, united, junct, constant, related. consentlence: agreement.
married, related. connotation: meaning. consentient: agreeing, unani-
conjugate, v. t.: inflect. connote: mean. mous.

tS' See Notes of Explanation.

88
 ,

CONSONANT
consequential, a. 1. necessary, conse- spec, premeditation, preconsideration
quent, sequential; see inferable. (rare), precogitation (rare), predeUbera-
Antonyms: see accidental, chance. tion (rare), muse, musing, counsel, view,
2. In reference to results: indirect, second- introversion, envisagement (literary); see
ary; spec, eventual {rare). RECONSIDERATION.
9. See SELF-IMPORTANT. Antonyms: see thoughtlessness.
oonservative, a. 1. preservative. Cf. pre- 2. care, regard, heed, mindfulness, re-
serve. spect (rare); spec, afterthought, review,
2. unpro^essive (a derogatory term); spec. retrospect, retrospection.
misoneistic (rare), Tory {Eng.), blue (JEng. Antonyms: see carelessness, disre-
politics). gard, IMPUDENCE.
conservative, n. In politics: mossback 3. importance, respect, esteem.
(slang; chiefly U. S.), hunker {local, U. S.), 4. account, opinion, judgment, esteem,
Tory {Eng.). estimation, reckoning, regard, view; spec.
consider, v. t. I. deliberate, cogitate, pon- misestimation, misestimate.
der, ponderate {rare), brood, contemplate, 5. <See REASON, COMPENSATION, ATTEN-
meditate, ruminate, chew {colloq. or fig.), TIVENESS, ATTENTION.
study, speculate {obs. or rare), turn, re- consign, v. t. 1. See DELIVER, COMMIT.
volve, roll {rare), forethink {rare), per- 2. send, remit, remand, resign; spec con-
pend {archaic), treat; spec, weigh, muse, demn, devote; see abandon.
design {rare), digest, envisage {VUerary), consignation, n. 1. iSee delivery, com-
precontrive {rare), premeditate {rare), mitment.
preconsider {rare); see reconsider, en- 2. sending, consignment, remission (rare),
tertain. remand, resignation; spec, condemnation,
2. regard, heed, mark, notice, mind, scan; devotion, abandonment.
spec, entertain, review, consult, esteem. consigner, n. consignor, deUverer; spec.
Antonyms: see disregard, ignore. vendor, shipper, freighter, bailor, prin-
8. think, opine {rare), opinionate {rare), cipal.
regard, believe, view, trow {archaic), consignment, n. 1. See deliyert, com-
judge, hold, deem, count, account, reckon, mitment, consignation.
take, call, esteem, make; spec, rate, es- 2. goods (contextual), shipment.
timate, value, repute, gauge, misesteem; consist, V. i. 1. subsist, he.
see infer. 2. See INHERE, agree.
4. respect, regard. consistency, n. agreement (contextiud)
Antonyms: see insult, ignore. congruence, congruency, congruity, co-
consider, v. i. t. think, reflect, dehberate, herency, coherence, conformability, con-
meditate, brood, mull {colloq., U. S.), formity, correspondence, compatibility,
study {coUog.), ponder, pore, cogitate harmony, accordancy, consonance, con-
{learned), muse (chiefly spec), rummate, sonancy; spec self-consistency, conse-
speculate. quence (logic), reconcilability.
2. See CARE. consistent, a. 1. See compact, firm.
considerable, a. large, sizable {chiefly 2. agreeable (contextual), accordant, co-
spec), substantial, substantive, good, herent, consentaneous (rare), congruous,
round, important, goodish, goodly, gey congruent, conformable, conform (ar-
{Scot.), tolerable, pretty, fair, respectable; chaic), correspondent, compatible, con-
spec, material, noteworthy, coinfortable, sonant, harmonious; spec, self-consistent,
decent {chiefly coUoq.), handsome, tidy consequent (logic), symmetrical, recon-
{coUoq.). cilable, cosmic (fl^.), concordial (rare).
Antonyms: see small. Antonyms: see inconsistent, absurd.
consideration, n. 1. thinking, thought, consolidate, v. t. 1. compact, firm, com-
forethought, deUberation, cogitation press, settle, knit, soUdify; see con-
(learned), pondering, ponderation (rare), centrate.
think (dial, or colloq.), speculation (rare), 2. See join, unite, combine, unify.
contemplation, meditation, study, pon- consonant, n. articulation; spec, letter,
derment (rare), reflection, rumination; sound, explosive, explodent, sonant, surd.
13^ Cross references: see Note. conservator: custodian, guar- consistence: firmnees, compactness.
consequent: resultino, infer- dian. consistory: court.
able, amaequential. oonserTe, v. t: preserve. consolation: cheer.
conseiluentialness: 8elf-im~ conserve, n..* snueetmeat. consolatory: cheering.
portance. oonslderate: careful, obliging, console, v. t.: cheer.
consequently: therefore. charitable, attentive, kindly. console, n.: bracket.
oonserranoy : preservation. conslderative: thoughtful. consonant: agreeable, agreeing,
oonservation: preservation. considered: deliberate. consistent, harmonious.

t^' See Notes of Explanation.

89
 —

CONSORT
whisper, breath, subvocal, subtonic, con- stant, treasonable, unfaithful, un-
tinuant, stop, check, mute, liquid, semi- reliable.
liquid, cerebral, fricative, trill, sibilant, 3. In a sense implying absence of change or
glottal, lingual, labial, dental, labioden- variation: invariable, invariant (rare, exc.
tal, interdental, nasal, guttural, palatal, math.), unchanging, fixed, uniform,
velar, alveolar. steady, stable, in varied (rare), unvaried,
conspicuous, a. notable {contextual), unwavering, undeviating, regular, per-
prominent, peat {contextxuil), signal, sistent.
striking, noticeable, marked, staring, Antonyms: see changeable, vacillat-
eminent, glaring {esp. oj what is baa); ing, CAPRICIOUS, unstable.
spec, notorious, gaudy, rampageous, 4. in a sense implying continuation in
brilliant, celebrated, distinguished, re- time: continual, continued, persistent,
markable. sustained, enduring; spec, permanent,
Antonyms: see obscukb, unnoticeable. abiding, perpetual, eternal, unremitting,
conspiracy, n. confederacy, concert, com- everlasting, regular, endless, momentary
bination, plot (contextual), plan (context- (rare), momently (rare), hourly.
ual), cooperation (contextual), complot Antonyms: see transient.
(literary), conspiration (rare), covin (ob- 5. In a sense implying unbroken continu-
solescent; law), synomosy (literally, a ance: continuous, continual, unbroken,
sworn conspiracy; rare), practice (archaic), regular, even, uniform, uninterrupted,
machination (literary; contextual); spec. steady, sustained, unremitting, unre-
intrigue (contextual), boycott, collusion, mitted, unintermitted, incessant, inces-
cabal. sable (rare), ceaseless, unceasing, con-
Antonyms: see disagreement, conten- nected, perennial, pauseless, running,
tion. endless.
conspirator, n. conspiratress (fern.), con- Antonyms: see intermittent.
federate, complotter (rare); spec. coUuder, constantly, adv. steadfastly, firmly, un-
Cataline (fig!), caballer, coconspirator, changingly, uniformly, continually, per-
intrigant (masc; French), intrigante petually, always, regularly, evenly, etc.
(fern.; French). Cf. constant, a.
conspiratory, a. collusive, covinous (chief- constipate, v. t. bind (colloq.), confine
ly legal). (rare), astrict (rare), astringe (rare).
conspire, v. i. combine
(contextual), con- Antonyms: see physic.
federate (rare), concert, plot (contextual), constipated,, a. bound (colloq.), costive
complot (literary), machinate (literary; (tech.).
contextual), consult (archaic), practice Antonyms: loose.
see
(archaic), collogue (dial.); spec, cabal, in- constipating, a. binding (colloq.), costive
trigue, coUude, plan (contextual), trinket (tech.)
(o6s. or rare), cooperate (contextual). Antonyms: see cathartic.
Antonyms: see disagree, contend. constituency, n. principal; spec, elec-
constancy, n. Spec, faith, faithfulness, torate.
endurance, truth, devotion, honor, per- constituent, a. 1. See component.
petuity, continuousness, trustiness, con- 2. Spec, elective, appointive, electoral.
tinuity, uniformity, stabihty, persistence, constituent, n. 1. See component.
permanence, eternity, etc. Cf. constant. 2. principal; spec, elector, voter.
Antonyms: see change, apostact, vac- constitute, v. i. form, be, make, spell;
illation. spec, aggregate (colloq.), total; with a
constant, a. 1. steadfast, fast, firm, un- cognate object, as in "fifty-two cards ccm-
wavering, continued, stanch, unalterable, stitute a pack."
unswerving, abiding, enduring, fixed, set- constitution, n. 1. See appointment, es-
tled, unmoved, tenacious, diligent, assid- tablishment, structure, texture,
uous, sedulous, unshaken, steady, staid composition.
(rare), stable, rocky (rare); spec, persever- 2. nature (contextual), make-up, make;
ing, persistent, pertinacious, Sisyphean spec, temperament, physique; see dispo-
(fi^.); see determined. sition.
Antonyms: see changeable, CAPRiciotrs. 3. decree (contextual), law, edict; spec.
2. true, loyal, leal (literary or Scot.), faith- fundamental law, organic law.
ful, feal (archaic), tried, devoted, trusty, constitutional, a. 1. natural, organic,
trustworthy; see reliable. hectic (obs.); spec, temperamental, dia/-
Antonyms: see treacherous, incon- thetic.
tW Cross references: see Note. oonsortship: associaiion. constitute, v. t.: appoint, es-
consort, n.: spouse, mate, ship. conspectus: outline. tablish, create, compose, make.
consort, v. i.: associate, agree. consternation; fear. constituted: being.
t^^ See Notes ot Explanation.
90
 .

CONTAMINATION
t. See ESSENTIAl,. consult, V. 1. 1. advise with, confer with;^
8. In law: organic, politic {rare); see law-
no single-word synonyms.
rui,. 2. See consider.
oonstraint, n. 1. See compulsion, con- consultant, n. conferrer, counselor, ad-
striction. viser, consulter.
2. Referring to a compelling force: pres- consultation, n. talk (contextiuil), con-
sure, press, force, stress, duress (chiefly ference, counsel, advice (obs.), colloquy,
spec.), distress, pinch, cramp (rare). parley (chiefly spec), pourparler (French),
8. restraint, repression, reserve; see em- powwow (spec or chiefly U. S.), palaver
barrassment, STIFFNESS, self-control. (chiefly spec); spec, indaba, interview.
Antonyms: see base, familiarity. consultative, a. advisory, consultory
constrict, t>. t. squeeze (contextual), com- (rare).
press (contextual), bind, contract, cramp, consume, v. 1. 1. destroy, eat, canker (fig.);
astriot (rare), astringe (rare), constringe, see WASTE, BURN, decompose, corrode.
constrain (literary); spec, strangulate, Antonyms: see renew.
choke; see confine, narrow. 2. Meaning "to use up": devour, swallow
Antonyms: see free, enlarge, distend, (fig.; chiefly with "up"); spec, absorb, take,
inflate. eat, drink, use (contextitm), wear, kUl, oat-
oonstrictlon, n. 1. compression, squeez- wear (rare), dissolve; see expend, erode.
ing, contraction, constraint (literary), Antonyms: see renew.
narrowing, astriction (rare), contingency consumer, n. 1. destroyer.
(rare). 2. user (contextual), devourer, cormorant
Antonyms: see inflation. (Jig.), eater, barathrum
(flg.).
2. contraction, stricture; spec, intake, consuming, a. destroying, cankerous
neck, choke; spec, narrowing. (fig.); spec, depascent (rare), erodent.
constiuot, V. t. 1. In reference to physical consumption, re. 1. destruction; see burn-
things: make, build, form, frame, confect ing, decay, corrosion.
(rare), configurate (rare), configure (rare), 2. Meaning "a using up": use (context-
compose, join, fabricate; spec, erect, tioZ), devourment; spec absorption, dis-
draw, forge, contour. solution, eating, drinking; see expendi-
Antonyms: see destroy, abate, de- ture, WEAR.
molish. consumptive, n. lunger (slang or coUoq.),
2. In
reference to ideas, plans, etc.: create hectic (rare or tech.), pulmonic (rare).
(contextual), build, fabricate, contrive, contact, n. 1. touch (contextual), touching,
weave, frame. tangency (tech.), contingence (rare), tac-
Antonyms: see destroy, abolish. tion (rare).
construction, n. 1. The act: making, 2. In elec: meaning "a touching piece":
building, formation, fabrication, com- spec, contactor, brush, terminal.
position; spec, malconstruction, manu- container, n. Spec, wrapper, package,
facture. bottle, box, bag, case, cask, empty, bar-
2. The thing: form, building, structure, rel, cash, etc.; see receptacle.
fabrication, figure (chiefly spec), contriv- contaminate, v. t. 1. corrupt (contextual),
ance, conformation (chiefly spec), con- infect, taint, attaint (rare), pollute, soil,
figuration (chiefly spec), frame; spec. inquinate (rare), defile, sully, foul, befoul
formation, drawing, erection. (intensive), file (dial, or obs.), vitiate,
3. As to immaterial things or qualities: poison, empoison (intensive; literary), en-
composition, contexture, structure, con- venom (intensive; literary) ; spec, debauch,
formation, configuration; spec, frame-up. degrade, deprave, stain, dirty.
4. See explanation, meaning. Antonyms: see purify, elevate.
constructive, a. tectonic (literary), con- 2. See FOUL, vitiate.
stitutive. contaminated, a. corrupt, corrupted, pol-
consult, V. i. talk (contextual), advise, con- luted, pollute (rare), maculate or macu-
fer, counsel, commune (obs. or rare), pow- lated (rare), cankered (literary), etc.
wow (chiefly U. S.), oolloque (colloq.), contamination, n. 1. The act: corruption
confabulate (rare). attaint (rare), tainture (rare), infection

(S^ Cross references: see Note. late, understand, interpret. consummate, v. t: complete,
oonatitutlTe: component, crea' construe, n.; translation. perfect, accomplish.
tive. [strict. consuetude: custom, kabit. oonsumzuation: completion,
constrain: compel, confine, re- consul: magistrate, diplomatic perfection, end, accomplish-
oonstralned: stiff, forced. agent, ment, death, height.
constraining: compulsory. consummate, a.: absolute, per- contagious: catching, infectious.
oonstringe: constrict. fect, accomplished, completed, contain: include, hold, restrain
construe, v. t: explain, trans- burning. {oneself)

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

91
 CONTAMINATIVE
maculation defilement, tainting,
(rare), fight (fig.), battle (fig. or spec), struggle,
stain, soil, (rare), filing (dial, or o6s.), strive, conflict (rare); spec, fight, buffet,
sullying, pollution, inquination (rare), tussle, combat, vie, rival, cope, wrestle
vitiation, fouling; spec, debauchment, (cant), war, spar, scramble, jostle (fi^.),
degradation, depravation, stain. tut; see fight, quarrel, dispute.
2. That which corrupts: corruption, taint, Antonyms: see agree, conspire, co-
stain, infection, pollution, poison, foul- operate.
ness, impurity; spec, depravity, filth, ob- 2. compete, contest (rare)/ rival (archaic),
scurity, filthmess, immorality, abomina- strive, vie,struggle, rivahze (rare).
tion. contention, n. 1. Referring to the action:
3. Spec, fouling, vitiation, infection. contest, fight (fig. or spec), coUuctation
contaminative, a. corruptive, tainting, (rare), conflict; spec, combat, strife, strug-
infectious (rare), poisonous, depraving, gle, wrestUng (cant), scramble; see fight,
defiling, polluting, mfective, etc. dispute, quarrel, litigation.
Antonyms: see elevating. Antonyms: see agreement, conspiracy,
contemn, v. t. 1. Referring to the mental at- cooperation.
titude: see DESPISE, ABHOB. 2. See competition.
2. scorn, flout; see ridicule. This sense contentious, a. strifeful (rare), gladia-
refers to the act, which may not agree with torial (fig.), litigious (rare, exc spec);
the inward or mental attitude. spec, stormy; see quarrelsome, dispu-
Antonyms: see honor. tatious, COMBATIVE.
contemporaneous, a. coexistent (eon- contents, n. pi. content (ohs.), lining (fig.);
textual), contemporary, monochronous spec furniture (rare), fiUing, subject-
(rare); spec, coetaneous (rare), coeval, matter.
concomitant, coinstantaneous, coinci- contest, n. 1. contention, struggle, en-
dent, simultaneous, coterminous, syn- gagement, encounter, strife, combat (Jig.
chronous, collateral, synchronical (rare), or spec), fight (fi^. or spec), battle (Jig. or
synchronal; see coexistent. spec), concurrence (a Gallicism), ren-
contemporaneousness, n. coexistence counter (literary); spec, bout, scrap (coU
(contextual), contemporariness, etc. log. or slang), tussle (colloq.), tilt (often
contempt, n. 1. disdain, scorn, despisal, Jig.), set-to (slang), brush, skirmish,
contumely (literary), despite (archaic), scrimmage (colloq.), scrummage (rare;
disesteem (rare)/ misprison (literary), mis- colloq.), bully, tenson (French), duel,
prise (rare), misprisal (rare); spec, pity pool, grapple, match, pentathlon, dec-
(fig.), superciliousness, despite (literary). athlon, draw, rubber, passage, rough-
Antonyms: see respect, awe, polite- and-tumble (colloq.), scuffle, tournament,
ness. handicap, wrestle; see fight.
2. See discredit. Antonyms: see cooperation.
contemptible, a. despicable, mean, un- See contention, competition.
2.
venerable (rare), base, vile, low, abject, contestant, n. contender; spec rival,
pitiful, pitiable, sorry, wretched, igno- tilter, juster; see fighter, disputant.
minious, caitiff (literary), scald (archaic), contingency, n. 1. possibility, chance.
scurvy, dirty (vulgar or very contemptu-2. See condition.
ous); see PALTRY. contingent, a. 1. possible.
Antonyms: see admirable, estimable, 2. See conditional.
PRAISEWORTHY. continuance, n. 1. continuation, dura-
contemptuous, a. disdainful, ludibrious tion, abidance (rare), currency, course,
(rare), scornful, contumelious (literary), lasting, persistence, endurance, perdura-
despiteful (archaic), pitying (Jig.), super- tion (rare), last (rare), run, stay, during
cilious, insolent, sneering, cynic, cavalier (rare); spec, pendency, standing.
(kamed), cavalierly (rare). Antonyms: see stop, stoppage.
Antonyms: see respectpuIi, polite. 2. persistence, persistency, perseverance,
contend, v. i. t. contest (rare), engage, continuation (rare).

t^f' Cross references; see Note. content, n.: contents, meaning, context: text.
oontemplate, v. t: consider, capacity, substance. contexture: texture.
intend, respect, see. content, a.; satisfied,happy. contiguity: adjacency, expan-
oontemplation: considera- content, n.: satisfaction, hap- sion.
tion, intention, sight. piness. contiguous: adjacent.
contemplative: thoughtful, content, v. L: satisfy, gladden, continence: self-control.
meditative. [neous. pacify. continent, a.: self-controlled.
contemporary: contempora- contentment: satisfaction, continent, n.; receptacle, main-
contender: contestant, fighter, happiness. land.
disputant. contest, V. i.: contend. continual: constant.

\W See Notes o( Explanation.

92
 CONTRAST
S. See CONTrNtTATION, PEOLONQATION, 8. reduce, diminish, shorten; spec, syn-
EXTENSION, STAT. copate, shrink, pucker, pinch; see con-
continuation, n. 1. continuance, mainte- strict, NARROW, diminish, ABBREVIATE,
nance, sustenance, support; spec, pur- abridge.
suance, perpetuation; see renewal, ex- Antonyms: see stretch, bloat, en-
tension, PROLONGATION. large, distend, inflate.
Antonyms: see change, stoppage. contract, n. agreement {contextual), prom-
2. Spec, supplement, sequel. ise {contextual), bargain, pact {chiefly
8. See CONTINUANCE. spec), cheap {archaic), covenant, stipula-
continue, v. i. 1. See extend. tion {chiefly spec), convention {chiefly
2. be {contextual), last, endure, persist, international law), obligement {dvU law);
remain, subsist, abide, stand, run, rest, spec, undertaking, condition, suretyship,
gerdure {rare), dure {archaic), stay; spec. lease, bond, barter, exchange, coup or
old, drag {esp. mth "on," "along," etc.), cowp {Scot.), option, debenture, inden-
linger {esp. with "on"), stick {coUoq.), ture, cowie {Anglo-Indian), trade (17. S.);
dwell, keep, live, perennate {rare). see betrothal.
Antonyms: see change, stop. contracted, a. shrunken, diminished;
8. persevere, persist, proceed, pursue, spec, shriveled, puckered, pinched, con-
insist {archaic), carry on {chiefly Eng.), stricted, corky, clung, cramp.
keep {chiefly spec); spec, flow, plug contraction, n. 1. agreement, stipulation
{colloq. or slang). {chiefly spec), bargaining, covenanting;
Antonyms: see stop, hesitate, desist, spec, undertaking.
vacillate. 2. shrink, shrinking, shrinkage, shrivel-
continue, v. t. 1. See extend, prolong, ing {spec or fi^.), reduction, diminution,
keep, maintain, sustain. abbreviation, abridgment; spec, pucker,
2. Spec, perpetuate, spin, perennate cramp, pinching, syncope, syncopation,
{rare); see renew. systole, narrovring; see constriction.
Antonyms: see alter. Antonyms: see dilation.
8. pursue, carry, run. See shrink, abridgment.
8.
Antonyms: see abandon, intermit, stop. contractor,
n. undertaker {chiefly spec),
continued, a. 1. sustained, protracted, bargainer or bargainor, covenanter or
continuous, prolonged; spec, sostenuto covenantor {spec or rhet.), stipulation
{Italian). {chiefly spec); spec sweater, padrone
2. See constant. {Italian), lumper.
continuing, a. enduring, durable, during contradict, v. t. 1. gainsay {literary or
{rare), lasting, persevering, persistent; formal), contravene {rare), deny, belie,
spec, chronic. counter, controvert, dispute, negative,
continuity, 1. See constancy. traverse {chiefly law), denegate {rare),
2. Spec, continuum, contiguity, unbro- disallow {rare); spec coimterargue {rare),
kenness. contrapose {logic).
continuous, a. 1. See constant. Antonyms: see acknowledge.
2. unbroken. 2. See oppose.
contort, V. t. twist, writhe, wreathe; see contradiction, n. 1. gainsay {rare), coun-
distort. tering, gainsaying {literary or formal), de-
contraband, a, forbidden. nial, controversion, dispute, negation,
Antonyms: see innocent. traverse {law), denegation {rare), disal-
contract, v. i. 1. agree {contextual), bar- lowance {rare); spec, contraposition,
gain, covenant {spec, or rhetorical), stip- antinomy.
ulate, engage. 2. See opposition, inconsistency.
2. shrink, shrivel {spec, or fl^.); spec. contradictory, a. contradictive, negatory,
pucker, pinch; see narrow. contrary.
Antonyms: see swell, dilate. Antonyms: see agreeable.
3. See diminish. contrast, v. t. compare, oppose, antithe-
contract, v. t. 1. stipulate, bargain, prom- size {rare).
ise, covenant {spec, or rhetorical); spec. contrast, n. comparison {contextual), dif-
undertake, indenture; see betroth. ference, opposition, antithesis; spec, foil;
2. See incur, effect, make, catch, see OPPOSITE.
FORM. Antonyms: see analogue, analogy.
J^^ Cross references: see Note. contour: outline. ing, coTiiradictory, perverse, in-
continuous: continued, constant. contrapose, V. ^.' confront. consistent, unfavorable.
continuum: continuity. oontrarious: perverse, opposing. contrary, n.: reverse.
contortionist: ffymnast. contrary, a.: opposite, oppos- contrast, v. t,: compare.

See Notes of Explanation.

93
 CONTRASTING
contrasting, a. different, contrastive, an- predominate (rare); spec, ride, direct,
tithetic, oontrasty {colloq.), contrastful. carry, hold, grip, gripe, obsess, caucus
Antonyms: see analogous. (Eng.), officer, prevail, master, prepon-
contravene, v. t. oppose, thwart, counter; derate; see restrain, rule, direct,
seeVIOLATE, DEFEAT. MANAGE.
control, V. i. prevail, reign.
contribute, v. t. 1. give {contextual); spec.
subscribe. control, n. 1. controlment (archaic), com-
8. help, aid, assist, subserve (rare), ad- mand, mastery, mastership, domination,
minister (literary), minister (literary), power, dominion, paramountcy (literary
conduce, go (an idiomatic use). or spec), regulation, regiment (rare), dis-
contribute, v. i. tend, conduce, serve, re- position, disposal, reign (jig.), governance
dound, go; spec, minister. (archaic), government (chiefly spec), reins
contributing, a. Spec, contributory, ac- (pi.; fl^.), sovereignty, prepotence or pre-
cessory. potency (rare), predomination (rare),
contribution, n. 1. gift (contextual); spec. curb, restraint, predominance (rare),
subscription; see stjesidt. prevalence (rare), prepollence or pre-
2. conducement (rare), help, subservience pollenoy (rare), preponderance, prepon-
(rare), administration (literary), minis- derancy, preponderation (rare); spec _

tration (literary). empire, clutches (pi.; fi^.), hand, jussion

Antonyms: see hindrance, preven- (rare), grip, gripe; see rule, ascendancy,
tion. restraint, direction, MANAGEMENT,
3. help, aid, assistance; spec, instru- COMMAND (the faculty), self-control.
mentality. Antonyms: see uncontrol.
Antonyms: see hindrance. 2. See DOMAIN.
controller, n. 1. control (rare), dominator,
4. tax, tribute, scot, gavel (o6s. or hist.);
spec, quarterage. rector (rare), swayer, governor, ruler,
6. See ARTICLE. manager, regulator; spec, commander,
contributor, n. t. giver (contextual); spec. arbitrator, master, mistress, disposer, di-
subscriber. rector, boss (chiefly spec; cant or slang),
2. author (cordextiujl); spec, correspond- regent (rare); see ruler.
ent, editor. 2. See accountant, comptroller.
3. conducer, helper, aider, ministrant controlling, a. commanding, governing,
(literary). predominant, uppermost, sovereign, mas-
contributory, contributing, helpful,
a. ter, prepollent (rare), prepotent (learned),
conducive, contributary (rare), contribu- paramount, dominant, dominative, as-
tive, subservient, serviceable, instru- cendant, preeminent, preponderant, reg-
mental, dispositive (literary), ministrant nant (spec or fi{i.), regent (rare), gu-
accessory.
(literary); see bernative (rare or learned), regulative,
Antonyms: see hindering, preventive. governmental; spec, hegemonic (rare),
contrivance, n. See devising, invention, prevalent; see ruling.
artifice, plan, formation, constrtto- controversial, a. 1. disputatious, eristic
tion, ingeniousness. (literary), polemic or polemical (learned
2.thing (contextual), device, contraption or tech^; see forensic.
fangle (rare), fanglement (rare),
(colloq.), 2. See questionable, complaisant.
fake (slang), fakement (slang), jiggumbob controversialist, n. disputant, disputer,
(colloq.; humorous); spec, invention, con- polemic (learned or tech.), arguer, eristic
struction, machine, gimcrack (colloq.), (literary;, rare), polemist (rare), polemicist
whigmaleerie (Scot.). (rare).
contrive, v. t. 1. See devise, construct, convaElesce, v. i. recover (contextual), re-
invent, plan. cuperate (contextual).
2. effect, manage, do (contextual); see convene, v. i. gather, assemble, collect,
accomplish. congregate (rare), muster (chiefly spec);
contrive, v. i. plan, plot, shift; spec, con- spec, reconvene; see meet.
spire. Antonyms: see separate, scatter,
control, V. t. command, dominate, sway, stray.
govern, rule, regulate, order, rein (fig.), convene, v. t. gather, assemble, collect.
[^=" Cross references: see Note.
 . —

CONVICT
muster {chiefly spec.); spec, reconvene; conversational, a. confabulatory (literary
see CONVOKE. or stilted), confabular (rare), colloquial
Antonyms: see sbpakatb, scatter, dis- (chiefly spec), interlocutory (rare); spec.
solve. chatty, dialogic, cosy (Eng.).
convenience, n. Spec, adaptability,
1. conversationalist, n. conversationist (less
accessibility, handiness, availability, ser- common than "conversationalist"), talker,
viceableness; see instrument. converser, confabulator (rare); spec.
2. advantage, commodity (archaic), ac- dialogist.
commodation; spec, easement, ease, com- converse, v. i. 1. deal (rare or archaic, exc
modiousness (archaic), comfort. spec), commerce (obsolescent), commune
Antonyms: see inconvenience. (archaic or spec), common (obs.), inter-
convenient, a. 1. See adaptable, acces- course (rare), traffic; spec, associate.
sible, AVAILABLE, SERVICEABLE. "Converse" is now chiefly spec; but is
2. advantageous, commodious (archaic), broader than "commune."
comfortable, easy. 2. speak, discourse (literary or dial.), con-
Antonyms: see inconvenient. fabulate (literary or stilted), talk, confab
convent, n. association (contextual), clois- (colloq.), collogue (colloq. or humorous),
ter (ctej?y literary or tech.), monastery coUoque (rare); spec, chat, gossip, confer,
(chiefly spec), convent (chiefly spec), coze (literary; rare), dialogue, dialogize
cenoby (rare); spec, abbey, priory, nun- (rare), parley.
nery, fratry (obs. or hist.), math (Hindu), converser, n. 1. confabulator (rare); spec.
friary, friars (pi.), commandery. interlocutor, dialogist, interlocutress
convention, n. 1. assembly, gathering, (Jem.), interlocutrix [fern.).
congregation, congress (chiefly spec); see 2. See CONVERSATIONALIST.
meeting, assembly. conversion, n. 1. change (contextual), re-
Antonyms: see scattering. duction, resolution; see transformation.
2. See convocation, gathering, agree- 2. regeneration; spec, proselytization,
ment, contract, custom, convention- proselyting, Protestantization.
ality, rule. 3. appropriation (contextual); spec, em-
S. custom, usage, formality, convention- bezzlement; see THEFT.
alism, conventionality (chiefly spec), con- 4. See EXCHANGE.
—
venance (French); see formality; used convert, v. t. I. change, turn, regenerate;
with "a" or in the pi. spec, disciple (rare or archaic), proselyte,
conventional, a. customary, agreed, stip- proselytize, Protestantize
ulated, accepted, cut-and-dried (colloq^, 2. change, resolve, reduce, turn; see
artificial, right, orthodox (chiefly spec), TRANSFORM
correct, positive, approved; spec, stifi, Antonyms: see fix.
contractual, academic; see formal. 3. appropriate (contextual); see steal,
Antonyms: see unconventional, home- EMBEZZLE.
like. convert, n. neophyte (chiefly spec), con-
conventionality, n. conventionalism,
1. vertite (archaic; often spec); spec, vert
convention. Tightness, correctness, ortho- (colloq.), catechumen, marrano (hist.),
doxy (chiefly spec), positiveness; spec proselyte, proselytess (Jem.; rare).
stiffness; formality.
see convertible, a. conversible (rare), ex-
2. See convention, custom. changeable; spec, interchangeable, liq-
converge, V. t.&i. Spec, center (contextual) uid, equivalent.
Antonyms: see scatter. Antonyms: see fixed.
conversation^ n. discourse (literary or convex, a. protuberant, swelling; spec.
dial.), confabulation (literary or stilted), embowed (literary), gibbous or gibbose,
talk, converse (learned), speech, confab hog-backed.
(colloq.), colloquy (esp. spec), tell (dial.), Antonyms: see hollow.
collocution (rare), interlocution (rare); convict, a. condemned; not a good syrv-
spec palaver, chat, chatter, chit-chat, onym.
gossiping, gossipry, indignation (rare), convict, V. t. 1. condemn (nat a good syn-
parley, comerence, interlocutory, coze onym), convince (archaic).
(rare), word (mth "a"), episode; see Antonyms: see absolve, acquit.
dialogue. 2. convince (of sin, etc.; rare).

fW Cross references: see Note. conversable: sociable. convey; transport, transfer,

oonTenlenoe: oblige. oonversant: aware. transmit, communicate, carry.
Gonventlole: meeting, church. oonverse, n.: iniercourse, con^ conveyance: transportation,
oonventual; ecclesiastic, monk, versation. transfer, transmission, commu-
nun. converse, a. dk n.: opposite. nication, vehicle.

t^° See Notes of Explanation.

95
 —

CONVICT
convict, n. criminal
(contextual); spec. cookshop, n. trattoria (Italian).
felon, expiree, emancipist {Australia), cool, V. t. colden (rare), refrigerate
1. chill,
bushranger, Derwenter (Australia), lag- (chiefly spec), frigorify (rare), infrigidate
ger (cant), termer (cant), trusty (cant), (rare); spec, ice, freeze, quench, defer-
lifer (cant). vesce.
coiiviction, n. i. condemnation; not a Antonyms: see heat, warm.
good synonym. 2. calm; spec, freeze, quench, ice (fig.);
Antonyms: see acquittal. spec, disfever (rare). "Cool" is chiefly
2. Referring to the act of convincing: con- used with "off" or "down."
vincement, convictment (rare), satisfac- 3. See DEPRESS.
tion (rare). cool, V. i. 1. refrigerate, colden (rare); spec.
3. Referring to the state or belief: belief shiver, freeze, defervesce (rare).
(contextual), convincement (rare), con- cooling, a. refrigerative, refrigerating, re-
victment (rare), satisfactioii (rare), per- frigeratory, refrigerant, frigorific (chiefly
suasion; spec, possession, obsession. tech.); spec, freezing, defervescent (rare).
Antonyms: see changeableness, ca- Antonyms: see heating.
price, CAPRICIOUSNESS, TTNCEBTAINTT. cooperate, v. i. combine, concur, concert,
convince, v. t. assure (contextual), sat- CO work (rare), coact (rare); spec, collab-
isfy, persuade; spec, possess, obsess. orate, colleague (rare), conspire, concur;
convincing, a. satisfactory, satisfying, see connive.
conclusive, persuasive (now archaic or Antonyms: see contend.
cogent.
rare); see cooperation, n. combination, concurrence
Antonyms: see unconvincing. (contextvM) , concert, concourse (rare), co-
convivial, o. sociable (contextual), com- working (rare), coaction (rare), synergy
panionable (contextual), festive, gay, (rare); spec, collaboration, conspiracy; see
good (contextual).
jolly, jovial, connivance, aid.
Antonyms: see apathetic, ascetic. Antonyms: see competition, conten-
convocation, n. 1. gathering, assembling, tion, CONTEST.
convention, call (contextual), calling (used cooperative, o. cooperant (rare), coactive
esp. with "together"), summons. (rare),concurrent; spec, coefficient, sj'na^
2. See ASSEMBLY. delphic (rare), conspiratory; see helpful,
convoke, v. t. convene, assemble, summon, CONNIVENT.
call (esp. with "together"), convocate (ar- coordinate, a. equal, coequal, collateral
chaic); spec, resummon, reconvene. (rare or spec).
Antonyms: see dissolve. coordinative, a. 1. Spec equalizing, para-
convolution, n. twist, volume or volute tactic, organizing.
(literary or technical); see coil, curl. copper, a. cupreous (rare), cuprous (chiefly
cook, V. t. 1. prepare (contextual), do tech.); spec, cupric.
(chiefly in the p. p.); spec, overdo, boil, fry, copper-colored, a. cupreous (tech. or
bake, roast, braise, barbecue, buccan, grid- learned).
dle, pan, jug, coddle, devil, frizzle, steam; coppice, a. underwood, copse, hay (dial.
see ROAST, BROIL, BTEVr, PARBOIL, FRY. Eng.).
2. See DEVISE, FALSIFY, FAKE, RUIN. copulate, V. i. unite (contextujil) , couple
cook, n. 1. cooky (colloq.), doctor (chiefly (chiefly spec). "Copulate" is chiefly used
naut.; slang or cant); spec, magirologist in zoology.
(rare), magirist (rare). copy, n. 1. reproduction, representation;
2. Spec, boil, fry, fricassee, broil, etc. spec, transcript, counterscript, duplicate,
cookery, n. cuisine (tech. or learned); spec. counterpart, facsimile, transfer, offprint,
magirology (rare), magiric (rare), gas- rewriting, electrotype, ectype, replica,
trology. reflex.
cooking, n. preparation (contextual), coc- Antonyms: see original.
tion (literary or affected). 2. See imitation, pattern.
cookroom, n. Spec, (naut.) cab, galley, 3. matter; spec flimsy (slang), manu-
caboose; see kitchen. script, typescript or typescript.

fW Cross references: see Note. convulsive: spasmodic. control, boldness, deliberation.

oonTinoement : conviction. coo, V. i.: cry, woo. coop : pen.
oonvocate: convoke. coo, n.: cry. coordinate: equalize, adapt,
convolute: curled. cool, a.: cold, chilly, calm, delih- organize.
convoy, v, t.: accompany, erale, composed, indifferent, un- copartner: associate, partner.
convoy, n.: accomvo.niment.escorl. emotional, bold, impudent, un- cope, V. i.: contend.
oonvulse; agitate, shake. exaggerated, self-controlled. cope, n.: vault.
convulsion, n.: agitation, coolish: cold. copious: adequate, abundant,
spasm, fit, catastrophe. coolness: cold, assurance, self- diffuse, prolix.

(9° See Notes ol Explanation.

96
 —
CORRESPOND
copy, V. t. 1. reproduce; spec, transcribe, incorporation, society; spec, city, bor-
take, duplicate, electrotype, rewrite, ough.
transfer, trace, pounce, offprint, etch, 2. Referring to the abdomen: potbelly
engross, rewrite; see manifold. (vulgar); see abdomen.
Antonyms: originate.see corpselike, a. cadaverous (lit. or tech.),
8. adopt, borrow, foUow; spec, echo (Jig.); deathlike; spec, ghastly.
see IMITATE, RESEMBLE. corpulent, a. fat, big-belUed (now chiefly
copjrlst, n. 1. reproducer (rare); spec. vulgar), belUed (vulgar).
transcriber, writer, scrivener, duplicator, correct, a. 1. right, rightful (rare), regular,
typist (chiefly cant), typewriter (now true, perfect, strict; spec, faultless,
being replaced by "typist"). straight (fig.), pure, grammatical; see
2. See IMITATOR. LOGICAL, ACCURATE, PROPER, TRUE, EX-
cord, n. Spec, braid, funicle, cordon, gimp ACT, CONVENTIONAL.
or guimp, twist; see string, hope, band, Antonyms: see incorrect, illogical,
BOND, RIB, BOWSTRING. INACCURATE, IMPROPER, UNTRUE, IN-
cordage, n. cording; spec, roping, rope- EXACT, unconventional, untimely.
work, tackle, service, sennit, sinnet. 2. Referring to artistic style, taste, etc.:
cordial, a. 1. See stimulating. pure, Attic; spec, classical, academical,
2. sincere, hearty, heartfelt, heartwhole, faultless, neat.
heartful (rare), warmth, ardent, vigorous, correct, v. t. 1. rectify, right, repair, rem-
earnest. edy, righten (rare), amend, mend, emend
Antonyms: see distant. (rare); spec, emendate, castigate (a text),
8. See friendly. reform; see redress.
cordiality, n. good will, sincerity, heart- Antonyms: see falsify.
iness, heartfumess (rare), empressment 2. See PUNISH, REPROVE, counteract.
(French), warmth, ardency, vigor, depth, correction, n. rectification, repair, rem-
earnestness. edy, amend, reparation, etc.
Antonyms: see distance. correotiye, a. 1. correctory (rare), correc-
cordlike, a. restiform (tech. or learned). tional, amendatory (rare), rectincatory;
core, n. 1. carpel (tech.). spec, emendatory, reformative.
2. center, interior, inside; spec, draw- 2. See PUNITIVE.
back, mandrel, mandril. 8.counteractive, neutralizing.
8. See PITH, substance. correctness, n. 1. rightness^ right, truth,
corky, a. suberic, subereous (rare), su- strictness, trueness, perfection, rectitude;
berose; all three tech. or learned. spec, accuracy, propriety, logicality, ex-
corner, n. Spec, angle, predicament.
1. actness, conventionality, faultlessness,
2. angle, coign (chiefly in "coign of grammaticalness.
vantage"), coin (obs. or archaic), quoin 2. As to artistic taste, style, etc.: purity,
(chiefly spec), cantle (chiefly spec.), nook pureness, purism (rare, exc as concrete);
(chiefly spec); spec, horn, crook, dog's- spec, faultlessness, sumpsimus (literary).
ear, shot, clew. correlate, n. correlative; spec, reciprocal,
corner stone, coin or (usually) quoin complement, counterpart, correspondent.
(both obsolescent), headstone (archaic). correspond, v. i. 1. agree, concur (used
cornerwise, adv. diagonally, cater (dial.); with "with"), conform (used esp. with
spec, bendwise. "to"), answer (used with "to"), smt (used
coronet, n. 1. crown; spec, tiara. with "vjith"), square (used with "to"),
2. See WREATH. quadrate (rare), tally (used with "with"),
8. cushion (o/o Worse's /ooi). respond (rare), match (used unth "with");
corporal, n. pall (archaic), mortcloth spec, harmonize, homologiz'e (chiefly
(Scot.). tech.), correlate; see reciprocate.
corporation, n. 1. association, company. Antonyms: see disagree.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. corneous: horny. corps: body.

coquet, n.: fiirt. corner, v. t.: perplex, monopo- corpse: body.
coquetry: jlirtation. lize. corpus: body.
coquette: fiirt cornered: angular. corpuscle: particle, cell.
ooquettlsh: fliriaiioua. corollary: inference, result. correctional: corrective.
oord, D. t.: string. corona: circle, crown, chandelier. corpuscule: particle.
cordial, n.: stimulant, liqueur. coronal: crown. correlate, v. t.: relate.
cordon: line, guard. coronary : crown. correlate, v. i.: correspond,
cork, n.; bark, float, stopper. coronate: crown. reciprocate.
cork, V. t.: stopple, blacken. coronet, v. t.: crown. correlation: relation, analogy,
corker: settler. corporal: bodily. reciprocation.
corn, n.: grain. corporate: united, material. correlative: related, reciprocal,
com, 9, ^; granulate, feed. corporeal: bodily, material. analogous.

|^° See Notes of Explanation.

97
 — —

CORRESPONDENCE
2. communicate (contextiuil), write {col- Antonyms: see uncorrupted, inno-
loq.). cent, pure, sinless, chaste.
correspondence, n. 1. agreement, con- corrupt, V. t. demoralize, vitiate, deprave,
formity, conformableness, accord, re- deffle, canker, degrade, debase, debauch;
spondence (rare), respondency (rare), see bribe, contaminate, pervert.
tally, concurrence; spec, correlation, pro- Antonyms: see puript, reform.
portion, equivalence, parallelism, homol- corruption, n. 1. The ad: demoralization,
ogy (chiefly tech.), uniformity; see con- vitiation, depravation, debauchery, deg-
SISTENCT, RECIPROCITY. radation.
2. communication (contein«iQ, intercourse 2. The state or quality: wickedness, con-
(contextual), communion (rare), rapport tamination, perversion, defilement, poison
(French). (fig.), immoraUty, impurity, corruptness,
a. Collectively: letters (pi.), writing, writ- rust (fi^.), demoraUzation, vice, vitiation,
ings (pi). depravity, depravation (rare), depraved-
correspondent, a. agreeable, responsive ness (rare), depravement (rare), vicious-
(rare),conformable, conform (obsolescent), ness, filth, vitiosity, rottenness, putridity,
concurrent, corresponsive (rare), corre- jjutref action (rare), debauchery, degrada^
sponding; spec, uniform, proportional, rat- tion; see contamination, dishonesty,
able, correlative, complemental, relative, DISSIPATION, BRIBERY.
equivalent, homologous (chiefly tech.); see Antonyms: see purity.
CONSISTENT, RECIPROCAL, ANALOGOUS. corruptive, a. demoralizing, depravatory,
Antonyms: see incongruous, absurd, vitiatory (fare), perversive, debauching,
INOONSISTENT. degrading; spec, contaminative.
correspondent, n. 1. Spec, correlate, Antonyms: see purificatory, reforma-
homologue (chiefly tech.). tive.
2. communicator (contextual; rare), corset, n. bodice (obs.), stays (pi.).
writer. cortical, a. corticate, corticose; all tech.
3. See CONTRIBUTOR. corybant, n. devotee (contextual), priest
corrigible, a. amendable, rectifiable; spec. (contextual), orgiast.
emendable. cosmetic, n. Spec, powder, paint, paste,
corrode, v. t. consume, gnaw, bite, canker rouge, cream, make-up (a collective; theat-
(rare), rust, cancer. rical cant), whitewash.
(fi^.),ea,t(esp.ioith "away"); spec, etch cosmic, a. 1. universal; spec, pancosmic
corrosion, n. consumption, gnawing; spec. (rare), extraterrestrial (rare).
etching, rust. 2. (See VAST, grand.
corrosive, a. 1. corroding, consimiing, cost, n. I. charge (obsolescent), price.
gnawing, eating, mordant; spec, caustic, 2. See expense, expenditure, loss.
cankerous, burning. cost, V. t. require; only approximate; there
Antonyms: see bland. are no dose synonyms.
2. See acrid, acrimonious. costly, a. 1. expensive, high-priced, high,
corrugate, v. t. furrow, wrinkle; spec. chargeful (obs.), dear, precious (very
pucker. costly); spec, valuable. Orient, Oriental,
Antonyms: smooth. noble, golden (fig.), overcostly, overdear,
corrugated, a. wrinkled, furrowed. dispenmous (rare).
corrupt, a. 1. See decomposed, adul- Antonyms: see cheap.
terated. 2. Pyrrhic (fig.; esp. in "Pyrrhic victory").
2. corrupted, wicked, demoralized, im- 8. Spec, rich, sumptuous, gorgeous.
moral, impure, dissolute, depraved, vi- costume, n. clothing, clothes (pJ.), dress,
cious, rotten (vulgar or strongly denuncia- garb, outfit (colloq.), guise, rig (colloq.),
tive), putrid (a very strong term), rantipole rigout (colloq.); spec, bloomers (pi; fig.),
(rare), Neronian (jig.); see graceless, de- uniform.
bauched, contaminated, abandoned, li- costumer, n. clothier, outfitter (chiefly
centious, dissipated, dishonest, sin- cant); spec, haberdasher.
ful. cot, n. 1. See cottage, shed.
^=" Cross references: see Note. corsair: pirate. costate: ribbed.
Gorrespondlng: correspondent, corse: body. costive: constipated.
analogous, reciprocal. cortSge: retinue. costless: free.
corridor: gallery, hall. coruscate: flash. costume, v. t.: clothe.
corroborate: confirm. corvine: crowlike. cosy:
corrupt, V. i.r decompose. oorybantlc: orgiastic. sheltered; —
sheltering, comfortable,
a variant of cozy.
corrupted: corrupt, contami- oorypbee: dancer. cot: bed.
nated. cosmogony: creation, cote: shed.
corruptness: corruptiort. cosmopolitan: viorZd-witfe. coterie: set.
corsage: waist. cosset: cherish, foster, indulge. cotburnus: buskin.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

98
 COUNTRYMAN
2. cover, sheath, stall; spec, fingerstall, counterfeit, a. false, sham, flash (cant);
thumbstall. make-believe;
spec, forged, see pre-
cottage, n. house, room (poetic or archaic); tended, artificial.
spec, bower, chalet, casino, lodge, cot counterfeit, v. t. 1. imitate, forge; spec.
{poetic or literary). personate, copy, fake; see pretend, act.
cottager, n. cotter, cottar, cottier. 2. See RESEMBLE.
couch, n. 1. See bed, litter. counterfeit, n. imitation, forgery (chiefly
2. Spec, lounge, dormouse, settee, divan, spec), sham; spec, duffer (slang), doublet,
pulvma {French), chaise-longue (French), Brummagem, pinchbeck, dummy.
pouf (French), vis-i-vis (French), daven- counterfeiter, n. imitator (contextual);
port; see SOFA. spec, forger, coiner, pretender, dissembler,
couch, V. 1. 1. lower (as a spear; contextiud); impostor.
spec, level. countermine, v. t. i. counterwork. &
2. See LOWEB, REST, EMBROIDER, EX- counterpart, n. t. copy, duplicate, double.
PRESS. 2. hkeness, similitude; spec, picture,
cough, V. i. t. &
Spec, expectorate image, like, match, parallel, pendant,
(tech. or learned), hem, hack. twin.
cough, n. tussis (med.); spec, hem, hack, 3. Spec, opposite, obverse, correlate,
expectoration (learned or tech.). twin, tally, reciprocal, complement, sup-
cough, a. Tech.: bechic, tussal, tussiciilar, plement, parallel; see reverse.
tussive. "Cough" is the noun used at- counterpoise, n. 1. balance, counterbal-
tributively. ance, counterweight, equipoise; spec.
council, n. assembly (contextual); spec. makeweight, offset.
congregation, senate, synod, junta (Span^ 2. See compensation.
ish and Italian), divan (Oriental), cabmet, counterpoise, v. t. 1. counteract, balance,
duma, ministry, diet, convocation, hust- counterbalance, equiponderate (literary
ing (hist.), decurion (Roman or Italian and fljg.), equilibrate (chiefly fig.), equili-
hist.), rada, soviet. brize (rare), equipoise (rare), counteract
councilor, n. Spec, senator, minister, (chiefly in reference to immaierial things);
decurion (Roman and Italian hist.), elder, spec, offset.
Nestor (fig.). 2. See compensate.
count, n. nobleman; spec, earl (finjf.), land- countersign, v. t. sign (contextual); spec.
grave, graf (Ger.), palatine,palgrave(Aisi.). indorse, attest.
count, V. t. 1. compute countersign, n. signal, sign; spec, pass-
(contextual), enu-
merate, tell (chiefly spec), score (Jig. or word, shibboleth (hist, or fig.), watch-
spec), notch (spec, or fig.). word.
2. See NAME, iNCnn)E, make, attri- counting, n. computation (contextiud),
BtlTE, CONSIDER. account.
count, V. i. t. compute, number; spec. countless, a. innumerable, innumerous
muster. (rare), myriad (chiefly poetic), infinite
2. See RELT, tell, matter. (archaic or rare), numberless, uncount-
counter, n. 1. computer. able, uncounted, unnumbered; qf. in-
2. Spec, chip, dib, fish, dump, lot. calculable.
counter, n. table (rare or contextual), countrify, v. t. rurahze, rusticate.
board (rare); spec. bar. country, n. 1. land, region.
counteract, v. t. destroy (contextual), op- 2. See STATE, people.
pose; spec, nullify, cancel, neutralize, cor- 3. Spec, countryside, champaign (liter-
rect, frustrate, hinder, impede; see coun- ary), field (archaic), plain,- waste, wild,
terpoise. heath, fields (pi.), forest, meadows (pi.),
counterbalance, v. t. compensate (con^ valley, mountain, uplands (pi.), lowlands
textual), balance, equate. (pf.), etc.
countercharge, v. i. &
answer, recrimi- country house, garden house (Eng.);
t.

nate. spec, countryseat, seat, villa.

counterclaim, n. set-oS; spec, recoup- countryman, n. 1. compatriot (learned or
ment. literary), landsman (rare).

tW Cross references: see Note. counsel, v. t.: advise. connter,v.^.* oppose, contradict.
cotter: key. counselor: adviser, lawyer. counter, n.: parry.
cotter, cottar: cottager, peasant. countable: computable. countermand, v. t.: revoke.

cottier: cottager, peasant. countenance, n.: face, ap- counterpane: bedcover.

couch, D. t'.;lurk,
lie, proval. counterrall: compensate.
counsel, n.: consultation, con- countenance, v. t: approve. counterwork: countermirte.
sideration, advice, lawyer. counter, a.: opposing, opposed. countrified: rustic.
counsel, v. i.: consult. counter, n,: stem. country, a.; rustic,rural.

1^° See Notes of Explanation.

99
 COUNTY
2. See H0STIC, PEASANT. 7. set {of dishes at table), service {archaic);
county, n. shire {not an exact synonym, spec, dessert.
though the district is usually conterminous; court, n. 1. inclosure; spec, curtilage
Brit.); spec, landgraviate (Ger.), palati- {chiefly legal and tech.), peristyle, court-
nate. yard, quadrangle, cortile {Italian), par-
coup-de-gT3.ce, n. death-blow, finisher vis, patio {Italian).
(coUoq.). "Couf>-de-grdce" is French. 2. tribunal, bench {chiefly tech.). judica/-
couple, V. t. 1. join, tie, link, yoke {chiefly tory {chiefly Scot.), bar {fig.), curia
spec, or fig.), shackle {fi^. or spec); spec. {chiefly spec), judicature {rare), jurisdic-
double; see leash. tion {flg?); spec, dicastery, shiremote or
Antonyms: see uncouple. shiremoot {hist.), busting {Eng.), ex-
2. See JOIN, UNITE, ASSOCIATE. chequer {Eng.), haUmote {hist.), rota,
coupling, n. tie, link, couple, shackle divan {Turkish), court-martial, leet,
{chiefly fig. or spec); spec turnbuckle, Marshalsea {Eng.), sanhedrin, mallum
union. {hist.), consistory, brotherhood {Eng.),
courage, n. boldness, bravery, valor, Inquisition, conservancy, presbytery.
spirit,breast {literary), pluck, pluckiness, 3. attention, addresses {pi.); spec, homage.
sand {slang, U. S.), grit {slang, U. S.), 4. See HOUSE, retinue, assembly.
heart, fortitude, mettle, nerve, spunk court, a. curial, aulic {rare or spec).
{coUoq.), stout-heartedness, high-hearted- "Court" is the noun used attributively.
ness {literary), stoutness, prowess, cour- court, V. t. 1. cultivate, haunt.
ageousness, daring, derring-do {pseudo- 2. woo, spark {colloq.), sue, gallant {rare),
archaic), hardihood; spec heroism, gaUantize {rare).
dauntlessness, firmness, resolution, man- 3. invite, soUcit; see seek.
hood, poWaliance, Dutch courage. Antonyms: see avoid.
Antonyms: see cowardice. court, V. i. woo, spark {coUoq.), philander
courageous, brave, valorous, val-
a. bold, {chiefly spec), spoon {slang), bill {chiefly
iant, nervy {slang), game {colloq.), high- in "bill and coo"), sue.
hearted {literary), fortitudinous {rare), un- courtly, a. 1. aulic {rare).
fearful, undismayed, heart-whole (rare), 2. See POLITE, dignified, repined.
stout, stanch or staunch, stalwart, mettle- courtship, n. amour, wooing, courting,
some, plucky, spunky {colloq.), hardy love-making, suit, love {chiefly in "make
{literary), lion-hearted {fig.), gingerous love"), service {rare or archaic).
or gingery {rare); spec, heroic, resolute cousin, n. relative {contextual), coz {for
chivalrous,[firm; see brave. "cousin"; chiefly used in fond or famUiar
Antonyms: see cowardly. address), cousiness {fern.; rare); spec.
courier, n. runner, messenger, express, catercousin, cousin {German).
post rider or post {chiefly hist, and spec), cover, V. t. 1. encover {rare), overcover
poster {rare); spec, postman {hist.), estar {rare); spec, overwhelm, drown (fig.), pro-
fette {French), kavass {Turkey). tect, invest, clothe, cloak, overspread, veil,
course, n. 1. motion {contextual), currency envelop, sheathe, roof, deck, skun, jacket,
{rare), passage, career {liierary); see shadow, bury, mantle, leather, keckle,
PROGRESS. hoodwink {fig.; rare), case, cap, over-
2. way, track, route, {Jig. or
line, tack build, overlay, pave, bury, cope, crumb,
spec), path, road; spec, thread, lane, or- cushion, copper, coif, clapboard {U. S.),
bit, meander, circuit, circle, ambit, ran- canopy, carpet, drape, tent, lay, mulch,
dom {rare), traverse, march^ stadium, shoe, jacket, overcanopy {rare), shingle,
diaulos, walk, trajectory, traject {rare), lag, infilm {rare), flake, face, front, lori-
itinerary, racecourse. cate {rare), net, muffle, dome, house or
3. progress, happening, sequence, cur- housel, mat, fledge, gravel, crape, drift,
rent, run, tenor; spec, drift, trend, con- cowl, helmet, curtain, armor, lead, lath;
duct, process, lapse; see routine. see TOP, overspread.
4. see action, series, continuance, Antonyms: see bare, uncover, strip.
channel, chase. 2. See HIDE, disguise, incubate, shel-
5. Referring to action, work, etc.: round, ter, include.
bout, turn, run, spell; spec, heat, pull. 3. Tech. or cant: serve, line; spec, top, tup,
6. curriculum {chiefly spec), cursus {tech.), horse.
coUege {rare or local). cover, n. 1. covering; covert {rare or liter

t^^ Cross references: see Note. couple, V. i.: associate. cove, n.: recess, inlet, retreat.
coup: master-stroke. course, v. t.: pursue, drive, cove, 0. (.; arch. [tract.
couple, n.: leash, pair, two. courteous: polite. covenant, n.: agreement, con-
couple, V. i.: unite. courtesan: harlot. covenant, v. i.: contract.

t^° See Notes of Explanation.

100
 CRANIUM
u'T/); fig-or spec, coverlet (fig.), coverlid (rare), white-livered, unmanly, unwoman-
{fig.), drape, casing, case, coat, vesture, Cf. timid.
ly.
curtain, cot, lid, cap, helmet, ferrule, fer- cowherd, n. herder, neatherd (archaic);
rel, jacket, face, facing, blanket, table- spec, oxherd, cowboy.
cloth, board, bhnd, boot, tick, bedtick, cowhouse, n. byre (Eng. or literary), cow-
tilt, canopy, shoe, down (rare), dome, shed, shippon or shippen (Scot. dial. &
capping, slcin, screen, envelope, house or Eng.).
ho\ising, frontal, lorication (rare), robe, coy, a. bashful (contextual), reserved,
vesture, tarpaulin, volva, baldachin, chary; see distant.
baldaquin, husk, screen, muffle, mulch, crabbed, a. 1. See ill-tempered, irasci-
panoply, pall, mantle, cloak, film, leather- ble, difficult, complex.
mg, overcast, coating, overlay, veil, cramped, cramp.
2. irregular,
sheathing, mantling, blanket, shed, shel- Antonyms: see smooth.
ter, cot. The word "covering" is generic or crab-shaped, a. cancriform (tech.).
less individual than "cover" and often ap- crack, v. i. 1. snap; spec, pistol (rare), pop,
plies to an inseparable layer or envelope to explode; see crackle.
which cover would seldom apply. 2. break (contextual), fracture (contextual);
2. Referring to a book: binding, case, lid spec, chap, flaw, split, chink, craze, fissure.
(chiefly U. S. and dial. Eng.). crack, re. 1. breaJi (contextual), fracture
8. blind, cloak; see pretext, disguise. (contextual); spec, crevice, crackle, craze,
covered, o. covert (now rare); spec, cased, chink, flaw, star, cleft, spring, brack,
blanketed, cuculate, hooded, crusted, spUt, chop, fissure, cranny, rift, rent, chap.
crustate, crustaoeous, obtected, etc. 2. See BLOW, SHOT, moment, expert.
Antonyms: see bare. 3. snap; spec, pop, explosion; see
covering, n. cover, coverture (literary); CRACKLE.
fig. or spec, casing, casement (rare), cracked,
a. broken, fractured; spec.
weather-boarding, clapboarding, coat- crazed, crazy, crackled, crannied, starred,
ing, sheathing, tegument, headgear, en- chapped, split, chappy.
velope, crust, panoply; see cot, skin. cracker, re. 1. snapper; spec, popper, fire-
Many words under cover" are used also cracker, cosaque (French).
in a generic sense (in which they do not 2. See boaster, biscuit.
take the article "a" or "an") as specific 3. poor white, tacky (Southern U. S.).
synonyms of "covering." crackle, v. i. break (contextual), crack
cow, n. bovine (contextual); spec, heifer, (contextual), crepitate (literary or tech.),
humlie or humblie (Scot.), dairy (a collec- decrepitate (literary or tech.).
tive;chiefly Eng.). crackle, n. break (contextual), crack (conn
coward, n. recreant (rare), caitiff (liter- crepitation (literary or tech.),
textual),
ary), nithing or niddering (archaic or crackling, decrepitation (literary or tech.).
hist.), wheyface (colloq. or contemptuous). crackling, a. crepitant (tech. or literary).
Scaramouch milksop (colloq. or
(fig.), crackling, n. 1. See crackle.
contemptitous), hare (fig.), chicken (fig.); 2. Chiefly in pi.: greaves or graves (pi.;
spec, dastard, craven, poltroon, cur (con^ Eng.), scraps (pi.).
tempiuous). cradle, n. 1. bed (contextual), cunabula
cowardice, n. recreancy (rare), faint-heart- (pi.; rare).
edness; spec, dastardliness, dastardice, See SOURCE.
2.
iobs.), poltroonery. crane, re. 1. derrick; spec, jenny, davit.
Antonyms: see boldness, bravery, 2. See BOOM.
COURAGE. cranelike, n. gruiform (tech.).
cowardly, a. recreant (rare), faint-hearted, cranium, n. 1. See skull.
niddering (archaic); spec, dastardly, pusil- 2. brainpan, pericranium (affected or hu-
lanimous, craven, dastard, poltroonish morous).
f^' Cross references: see Note. cow, V. t.: intimidate. craftiness: art.
covert, a.: covered, secret, shel- cow, V. i.: shrink. craftsman: artificer.
tered,hidden, aeclitded. cowboy: cowherd. crafty: artful.
covert, n.: thicket, shelter, pro- cower: stoop, cringe. crag: cliff.
tection, feather. cowhide: leather, whip. craggy: precipitous.
covertness: secrecy. cowl: hood, tub. cram, v. t.: crowd, stuff, press,
coverture: covering, hiding, coworb: cooperate. surfeit, teach, study.
protection. coxcomb: cap, dandy, jacka- cram, v. i.: gormandize.
covet: desire, napes. cramp, 71.: clamp.restrain, spasm.
covetous: desirous, greedy. coxswain: steersman. , cramp, a.: narrow, crabbed.
covetousness: desire, greed. cozen: deceive, cheat. cramp, v. t.: constrict, restrain,
covey: brood, flock, company. cozy: sheltering, comforting, fasten.
covin: deception. sheltered. cramped: stiff, crabbed.
covinous: deceitful. craft: art, skill, trade. crane, v. t.: stretch.

(9^ See Notes of Explanation.

101
 CRANK
crank, n. 1. See handle, conceit, ca- Antonyms: see annihilativb, nulli-
price. PACATORT.
2. erratic (rare), vagarian (colloq. or rare); 2. See CONSTITUTIVE.
spec, monomaniac. "Crank" is more or creator, n. author (contextual), maker,
kss colloquial. fashioner, poet (rare), originator, pro-
crape, n. cr^pe (French); spec, mourning ducer; spec. Demiurge (jjhitos.), Brahma,
(which nee), weeds (slang). inventor, designer, imaginer.
crash, v. i. 1. break, shatter, smash, shiver. Antonyms: see creature, creation.
2. See COLLIDE. creature, n. 1. creation, being, thing (cort-
crash, n. 1. See noise, pailube. textiud); spec, breather (literary), animal,
2. collision, shock, smash. creation (collective); see person.
crayon, n. pencil, pastel, chalk. Antonyms: see creator, author.
creak, v. i. spec, squeak, grind, scroop, minion; spec, dependent, tool.
2.
grate, rasp, screak, crank (rare), screech, credential, n. Spec, testimonial, introduc-
stridulate. tion, passport, certificate, exequatur.
creak, n. spec, squeak, grind, grinding, "Credential" is used chiefly in the pi.
scroop, stridor, creaking, rasp, grating, credible, a. believable, hkely, swallowable
grate (rare), scream, screak, screech. (rare; colloq.), trustvs^orthy ; spec, probable.
creaking, o. creaky; spec, squeaking, Antonyms: see incredible.
strident, stridulous, scrooping, grinding, credit, n. 1. Spec, credibility; see belief,
screaky, squeaky, raspy, rasping. reputation, honor.
cream, n. 1. head (as risen on milk; Brit.), 2. trust, tick (colloq.), score (archaic or
crfime (French), scum (rare); spec, froth. dial.); spec, chalk.
2. Spec, emulsion, crfeme (French), cos- Antonyms: see cash.
metic, cordial. 3. Spec, payment, set-off.
S. See BEST. credit, v. t. 1. See believe, honor.
creamy, o. creamlike; spec. luscious, soft. 2. accredit.
create, v. t. X. make, form, fashion, origi- 3. trust.
nate, constitute, produce, raise, rear; spec. creditable, a. honorable; see reputable.
concreate (rare), co-create (rare), erect, creed, n. belief, symbol (theol.); spec.
procreate; see design, invent, imagine, tenet, doctrine, persuasion, credo (chiefly
cause, recreate. tech.), views (pi.).
Antonyms: see annihilate, ntjllipy, creep, v. i. 1. crawl; spec, forficulate
TJNMAKE, ABOLISH, EXTINGUISH. (nonce word), formicate (rare or med.),
2. See ESTABLISH, CONSTRUCT. worm, swarm, grovel.
creation, n. 1. formation, production, 2. Referring to plants: run, trail, advance
origination, constitution, domg (rare), (contextual).
facture (rare); spec, erection, cosmogony, 3. Meaning "to go stealthily": steal.
procreation, concreation; see invention, 4. Referring to the sensation: crawl; spec.
DESIGN, IMAGINATION, CAUSATION. formicate (rare), forficulate (nonce word),
2. Referring thing created: creature
to the swarm.
(now formation, facture (rare),
literary), creeper, n. 1. crawler; spec, reptile.
production, origination; spec, cosmos; 2. Spec, runner, flageUum (tech.).
see INVENTION, DESIGN, IMAGINATION. 3. crampon, crampet.
Antonyms: see creator. creeping, a. 1. crawling, reptant (rare), re-
3. See establishment. pent (rare), reptile (chiefly spec); spec.
creative, o. 1. creant (rare), formative, formicant (med.), serpent (rare).
originative, productive, constituent, con- 2. Referring to a plant: running.
stitutive, poetic (rare); spec, plastic, pro- creepy, a. crawly.
creative, generative, demiurgic; see caus- crenate, a. scalloped, notched, indented;
ative, IMAGINATIVE, INVENTIVE. spec, knurled.
K^^ Cross references: see Note. crate, n.: basket, case. craze, n.; derangement.fad, crack,
crank, v. U: bend, turn. crater: bowl, mouth, crazy: cracked, rickety, de^
crank, a.: rickety, unstable. craunck: crunch. ranged, frantic, unwise.
cravat: neckcloth. crease, n.: wrinkle, pucker,
crankle: bend. crave: ask, desire, need. credence: belief.
cranky: irascible, odd, rickety, craven, a.: cowardly. credent: believing.
winding, zigzag. craven, n.: coward, quitter. credulity: believingness.
crannied; cracked. craving : desire. credulous: believing.
cranny: crack. craw: crop, stomach. cremate: bum.
crape, v. t.: pucker. crawl, V. i.; creep, cringe, crenel: embattle.
crapulence: excess. sert. crepitant: .crackling.
crapulent: dissipated. crawling:: creeping. crepitate: crackle.
crapulous: dissipated. crawly: creepy, crepuscle: twilight.
crass: coarse, crude, dense, stupid. ciaze, t. t.: derange. crepuscular: twilight.
1:^=8 ) Notes ot Explanation.
102
 —

CRONT
crescent, n. 1. meniscus {math.), lunule dial.), fawn, truckle; spec, crawl, grovel,
(tech.), lune (chiefly tech.), half-moon (a sneak; see shrink.
loose usage), semilune (a loose usage), Antonyms: seeBLUSTES,BULLT,swAaGEB.
demilune (chiefly spec), limette, lunula, cringe, n. crouch, stoop; see shrink.
lunulet. Antonyms: see swagger.
2. Islam (fi^.). cringing, a. abject, servile, spaniel (fig.),
orescent - shaped, a. convexo-concave fawning; see obsequious.
(contextual; tech.), crescent, crescentic, cripple, n. lameter or lamiter (Scot.); spec.
crescentiform (/ormaZ), semilunar (/ormaJ), paralytic.
semilunary (a hose usage), meniscal cripple, V. t. disable (contextiud), lame;
(rare or tech.), sigmoid (tech.), horned, spec, paralyze, maim.
lunulate, moony (rare), limular, lunar, crippled, a. lame, lamish (rare); spec.
lunary, lunate. paralyzed, maimed.
crest, n. 1. crown; spec, tuft, comb, cop- crisis, n. 1. turn, turning-point, hinge
plecrown (dbs. or dial.), topknot, horn, (fii).), climacteric (learned), rub (fig?),
plumicom cockscomb.
(rare), pinch (fig.).
2. See DECORATION, PLUME, HELMET, 2. See JUNCTURE.
RIDQE. crisscross, v. t. cross, gridiron.
S. The top of a wave: spec, comb, curl. critic, n. judge; spec connoisseur, dia-
crested, a. Spec, muffed, tufted, copple- tribist (rare), reviewer, verbalist, verba-
crowned (obs. or dial.). rian (rare), censurer, zoilist (fig.).
crevasse, n. cleft (contextual); spec. critical, a. U critic (rare); spec dissective,
schrund (Ger.), chimney. exacting, hypercritical, supercritical; see
crib, n. See manqeb, bedstead, frame. caviling.
2. Spec, translation, key, cab, horse, pony, 2. Spec, judicious, accurate.
"trot; all biU "transuUion" and key" 8. decisive; spec, climacteric, climacter-
slang. ical, exigent, dangerous, etc.
crier, n. Spec, croaker, crower, bellman, criticism, n. 1. jud^ent (contextual),
muezzin, herald, proclaimer. critique; spec, dissection, comment, epi-
crime, n. offense (contextual), felony, crisis (tech.), appreciation, review, re-
arson, robbery, murder, rape, burglary, viewal (rare), animadversion, hyper-
theft, manslaughter, perjury, treason, criticism, nip, zoihsm (fig.), diatribe;
embezzlement; see wrong, transgres- see CENSURE, CAVIL, REPROOF.
sion, SIN. 2. critique; spec, dialectic, dialectics.
criminal, a. 1. unlawful, criminous (rare); criticize, v. t. judge, do (contextual); spec.
spec, felonious, burglarious, murderous, dissect, review, flay, hypercriticize; see
treasonous. CENSURE, BLAME, REPROVE.
Antonyms: see lawful. croak, v. i. & t. 1. cry (contextual), quark
2. guilty (contextual), criminous (chiefly (rare).
spec), crimeful (rare). 2. forbode (contextual).
Antonyms: see innocent. ts° "Croak" is not a synonym of "com-
8. wicked (contextual), wrong, crimeful plain"; "croak" refers to the future; "com-
(rare), villainous. plain" to the past or to what is fixed upon.
criminal, n. offender (contextual), male- croaking, n. 1. crying (contextual), coaxa^
factor spec,
(literary); felon, burglar, tion (rare).
murderer, thief, robber, perjurer, incendi- 2. foreboding (contextual).
ary, traitor, embezzler, defaulter, gallow- crock, n. Spec, dish, jar, pot, pitcher, pig
bird. (Scot.), plate, etc.
crimson, n. red (contextual), cramoisy (ar- crocket, n. ornament, crotchet.
chaic); spec, magenta. crocodilian, n. reptile (contextual); spec.
cringe, cower, stoop, crouch
i). i. (fig. or gavial, alligator, crocodile, cayman.
spec), spaniel (fl.g.; rare), crinkle (obs. or Croesus, n. Dives (fig.); spec, nabob, mill-

t^' Cross references: see Note. criminate: accuse, involve. crisp, V. t.: curl, ripple, harden,
crescent, a.: waxing, crescent- crimp, V. tj gash, impress, wave.
shaped. wrinkle. crisscross, n.: cross.
crest, V. ^: crown, top. crimp, n.: flute, wrinkle. crisscross, v. t.: cross.
orest, V. i.: break. crimpy: wrinkly, curly. crisscross, adv.: crosswise.
crestfallen: depressed. crinlde, v. i.: wrinkle, ripple. crisscross, a.: cross.
oretaoeous: chalky. crinkle, v. t.: wrinkle, curl. criterion: standard.
crevice: cleft. crinkle, n.: twist, wrinkle, rip- critique: criticism.
crew: force, company, gang. ple. crock, n.; soot, smut
crib: steal, plagiarize. crinkly: ripply, wrinkly. crockery: earthenware.
crlok: spasm. crisp, a.: curly, brittle, blunt, crone: woman.
cricket: stool. sharp, definite, lively, cold, stiff. crony: comrade.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

103
 — — ,

CROOK
ionaire, billionaire; applied to a very rich cross-fertilization, n. crossbreeding, al-
man {what constitutes great riches varying logamy (tech.).

with the time and place)., 'Croesus" is fig. crossing, n. 1. cross, overpassing, travers-
crook, n. 1.See cubve, bend, sinuositt. ingj traverse (archaic).
5. hook, cammock (Scot.; chiefly spec); 2. intersection, decussation (literary or
spec, staff; see crosibk. tech.); spec, lease (weaving).
8. evildoer {contextual); spec, malefactor, 3. See opposition, crossway.
cheat, swindler. Spec, miscegenation; see crossbreed-
4.
crooked, o. 1. cranky (rare), crank (Scot.); ing.
see BENT, CtTKVBD, ANGULAB, SINTTOUS, crossroad, n. crossway, cross (rare), con-
WINDING, ASKEW, ZIGZAG, TWISTED. course (a collective; literary).
Antonyms: see straight. cross-shaped, a. decussate (chiefly bot.),
2. See DISHONEST, indirect, devious, crucial (chiefly anat.), cruciform, cruciate,
deceitful, tricky, ARTFUL, INTRIGUING. cruciferous (bot.).
crop, n. 1. craw, ingluvies (tech.); spec, geb- crosstie, n. tie, sleeper (chiefly British).
bie (Scot), gorge. crossway, n. cross; spec, crossing, cross-
2. See HANDLE, WHIP, HARVEST. walk; see crossroad.
cropper, n. fall (contextual), plumper. crosswires, n. pi. reticule, reticle; both
crosier, n. crozier, crook, pastoral. tech.
cross, n. 1. gibbet, crucifix (an erroneous crosswise, adv. across, traverse (rare),
v^e), crux (tech.); spec, christcross or thwartwise (rare or archaic), transversely,
crisscross (archaic), crosslet, rood (ar- transverse (rare); spec, crisscross, thwart-
chaic), tau. ship, askew, awry, sidewise, sideways.
2. mark (contextual), signature (context- Antonyms: see lengthwise.
tud), christcross (rare), crisscross. crouch, V. i. bend (contextual), squat,
8. See TRIAL, TROUBLE, CROSSING, CROSS- drop; spec, cower, stoop; see cringe.
WAT, CROSSBREEDING, HYBRID. crouch, n. bend (contextual), squat,
cross, V. t. & i. 1. Meaning "to make the droop; see cringe, stoop.
sign of the cross on or over": sign (archaic), crow, n. 1. crake (dial. Eng.); spec, black-
sain (archaic), bless (archaic). neb (Scot!), scaldcrow (local), chough
2. intersect, decussate (literary or tech.), (Cornish), jay (Cornish), hoodie or hoody
intercross (rare), cut (fi^.; contextual), (Scot.), corbie (Scot.), grayback, gor-
transit (rare); spec, crisscross, gridiron. crow, daw, jackdaw.
8. traverse, thwart (rare), cut (chiefly 2. cry (contextual), song (contextual; liter-
spec, and used with "over"); spec, be- ary or tech.), cock-a^doodle-doo (colloq.).
stride, overstride, overstep, stride. crow, V. i. t. cry (coniextv/d), sing (context-
Antonyms: see adjoin, parallel. ual; literary or tech.), chanticleer (rare).
4. traverse, overpass (rare), pass, trans- 2. See exult.
verse (rare), transpass (rare), thwart (ar- crow, a. corvine (literary or tech.).
chaic), overthwart (rare); spec, swim, crowbar, n. gravelook (obs. or dial. Eng.),
overswim (rare), raft, overstep, repass, crow; spec, pinch, pinchbar, jemmy,
recross, leap, jump, etc. betty.
6. interbreed, mix, crossbreed, inter- crowd, n. 1. gathering, concourse (liter-
cross (rare), hybridize; spec, cross-fertil- ary), horde, press, drove (disparaging),
ize. "Interbreed" and "cross" or "cross- mass, mob (chiefly disparaging), host,
breed" are often distinguished. herd (disparaging), swarm, ruck (dis-
6. See cancel, oppose. paraging), rout, pack, cram, jam, crush,
cross, a. 1. transverse, thwart (archaic or hjiddle, throng.
rare), traverse (rare), overthwart (rare). 2. See MULTITUDE, populace, pressure.
2. See opposiNa, ill-tempered, recip- crowd, V. t. 1. See hasten, push.
rocal. 2. Referring to persons brought uncomfort-
crossbreeding, n. cross, crossing, inter- ably close together: gather, huddle, over-
breeding, hybridization; see cross-fer- crowd, crush, press, scrouge (colloq.)
tilization. cram, wedge, shoulder (chiefly spec.),
crossed, a. 1. crutched (ecd.). serry (rare), hustle, pack.
2. See hybrid. 3. Referring to things put together very or
cross-eye, n. strabismus (tech.), cock-eye. too closely: spec, pack, jam, swarm, hud-
^^ Cross references: see Note. cross-examination: question. crossrufl: seesaw.
crook, v.t.& i. : bend, curve, zigzag. cross-fertilize: cross. crotch: fork, angle.
crop, v. t: top. cross-grained: perverse. crotched: forked.
croasbar: whippletree. Crosshatch; engrave. crotchet: hook, note, caprice, fad.
crossbred: hybrid. crossness: ill-temper. crotchety: capricious, fanciful.
crossbreed: crosa. cross -question: question. croup: rump.

t^° See Notes ol Explanation.

104
 CRUST
die, cram, overcrowd, tuck, ram, com- 2. raw, unfinished, crass, imperfect; spec.
press; wedge. plain, rude, tasteless, rough, gross, artless,
4. Referring to the place in which things or incondite (rare), harsh, inartistic, half-
persons are brought or placed too close to- baked, immature, ineloquent, sketchy,
gether: spec, pack, jam, cram, wedge, over- rough, bold, bare, etc.; see clumsy.
crowd, overcharge, throng, gorge, congest. Antonyms: see accomplished, nice,
crowd, V. i. 1. See hasten. subtle, refined, skillful, elegant.
2.gather, collect, congregate, huddle; 3. See unripe, rough, coarse.
spec, throng, mob, press, crush, herd, cruel, a. 1. cold-blooded, cold, unfeeling,
serry (literary), swarm, cram, wedge, hard-hearted, hard, harsh, unkind (a
huddle, nestle, jug, shoal; see sisraGGLE. euphemism), heartless, fell (rhetorical or
Antonyms: see scatteb, straggle. poetic), severe, felon (poetic); spec, dev-
crowded, o. 1. full, packed, jammed, etc. ilish, atrocious, savage, barbarous, Drar
2. thick, serried (literary), thronged, etc. conian, swinish, boarish, brutal, butch-
Antonyms: see thin. erly, brute, inhuman, brutish, sanguinary,
crowding, n. 1. press, throng; spec, hud- tigerish, wolfish, fiendish, iron, merciless,
dlement. ruthless, pitiless, ferocious, truculent, in-
2. See PRESStTRE. compassionate.
crowllke, a. corvine, corvoid Antonyms: see gentle, compassionate,
— both tech.
(chiefly spec.) ;

KINDLY, KIND, MERCIFUL.

crown, n. chaplet, coronal, corona
1, 2. Figuratively: spec, severe, sharp, hard,
(Latin), ring (contextual), crownal (obs. or unfavorable, etc.
archaic), circlet, diadem (now chiefly po- cruelty, n. cold-bloodedness, coldness,
litical or rhetorical); spec, crownlet, coro- harshness, unkindness (euphemistic), fell-
net, aureola, aureole, bays (pi. used with ness (poetic or rhetorical); spec, deviltry,
"the"), festoon, laurel, wreath. devilry, atrocity, truculence, barbarity,
2. head-dress; spec, pschent (Egyptian). savagery, etc.
8. top, crest; spec, copplecrown, top- ArUonyms: see compassion, gentle-
knot, cockscomb. ness, mercy.
4. top, climax, complement. cruise, v. i. range; see voyage, sail.
5. top (contextual), sinciput, poll, vertex. cruise, v. t. navigate, range.
6. See sovereignty, soverkign, height, cruiser, n. man-of-war; spec, corvette,
pbrpbction, reward, crest. battle cruiser.
crown, a. coronary. Crown" is the noun crumbly, a. breakable (contextual), friable,
used attributively. crump (Scot. &
dial. Eng.), soft (context-
oiown, V. t. 1. coronate (rare), diadem ual), crummable (rare); spec, rotten,
(rare, exc. in p. p. diademed); spec, coro- short, brittle, pulverizable (contextual),
net, laurel; see wreathe. slack, moldery (rare), brashy.
2. top; spec, culminate (rare), cap, head, Antonyms: see strong.
pinnacle (rare), crest. crunch, v. t. chew (contextual), cranch or
crowned, a. incoronate (rare), diademed; craunch (obsolescerU), grind, crush, press,
spec, garlanded, wreathed, laureled, scrunch.
laureate. crupper, n. 1. Referring to part of a harness
crowning, n. coronation (the formal word or saddle: loop (contextiud), dock.
for the ceremony). 2. See RUMP.
crownlike, a. Spec, garlandish, garlandy. crush, V. t. 1. bruise (rare), press (context-
crucifixion, n. 1. Spec. Calvary. ual), pash (archaic); spec, mash, smash,
2. See repression. squash, grind, jam, cranch or craunch
crucify, v. t. 1. execute (contextual), hang (obsolescent), crunch, scrunch.
(obs.). 2. See PRESS, OVERCOME, OPPRESS,
2. See REPRESS. crowd, DESTROY.
crude, a. 1. raw, unfinished, unprepared; crush, n. 1. pressure (contextual), pash (ar-
spec, rough, imwrought, unmanufactured, chaic); spec, mash, grind, crunch, squash.
half-baked, unbaked, green, undiluted, 2. See PRESSURE.
unfulled, unburnt, unrefined, undressed, crust, n. 1. coat (contextual), skin (con^
unmalted, undigested, untamed, rawish, textiud), incrustation, cake, coating
uncut, etc. (chiefly spec), crustation (rare),
'

rind

^f Cross references: see Note. cruise: sail, voyage. crunching: pressure.

oruolal: decisive. crumb, v. t.: comminute. crusade, n.: war. movement.
crucifix;crosa. crumble: disintegrate. crusade, v. i.: war, campaign.
cruciform; crosa-aha'ped. crump: chew. cruse: bottle, jug, jar.
cruet: bottle. crumple; wrinkle. crusliing: pressure.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

105
 .

CRUST
(fihiefly spec.), encrustment; spec, shell, chirp, chirr, clock (rare), chuckle, cluck,
efflorescence, druse, pie crust, case, scurf coo, crake, croak, cronk (dial.), gabble,
{rare), sinter, scale. gaggle, gobble, gobblement (rare), growl,
S. See SCAB. hee-haw (coiiog.), honk (U. S. Can.), &
crust, V. i. cake; spec, effloresce, over- hoot, howl, juck or juke, jug, keckle, low,
crust. mew, mewl, miaow, maul, moo, neigh,
crust, V. t. incrust or encrust, cake, in- pheai (rare), purr, quack, scape, screak,
crustate {rare); spec, bark, enamel. scream, screech, shriek, shriU, song,
cry, i>. i. 1. Referring to persons: spec. squall, squawk, squeak, squeal, trumpet,
shout, exclaim, clamor, call, blare, bray twitter, waU, weet, weke, whimper,
(spec, or humorous), chuckle, cluck, coo, whoop, yelp, yowl; see chirp, bellow,
croak, orool, croon, croup, crow, chirp, ROAR, CROW.
chirrup, holla, hollo, holloa, hoop, hoot, 3. See APPEAL, WATCHWORD.
howl, lulliloo, peep, pule, screak, screech, 4. weep (rare); spec, boohoo, wail, whim-
shrill, squall, squeak, squeal, whimper, per, squall, sob, bawl.
yang whoop, yell, yoop (rare);
(rare), see Antonyms: see laugh.
BHOUT, SCBBAM, BELLOW, KOAB. crystal, a. 1. crystalline (esp. as opposed
Antonyms: see laugh, smile. to "amorphous"), crystalloid (tech. and
2. Referring to animals: spec, call, note, esp. as opposed to "colloid"), crystalli-
baa, bay, bell, howl, sing, blare, blat, form (tech.); spec, drusiform, glacial.
bleat, boo, bow-wow, bray, cackle, cauk 2. See CLEAR.
(dial.), caterwaul, caw, cawk, cheep, crystal, v. i. crystallize.
chirm, chirp, chirr, clutter, cluck, clock crystal-gaze, v. i. scry. "Crystal-gaze" is
(rare), coo, crake, croak, cronk (dial.), rare, exc. in the form "crystal-gazing."
cuckoo, drum, gabble, gaggle, hee-haw crystal-gazer, n. seer (contextual), scryer.
(coUoq.), honk (t7.S.& Can^, hoot, juck, crystallize, v. i. solidify (contextual), con-
juke, ju^, keckle, low, mew, miaow, geal (contextual), crystal (rare and liter-
mewl, nuaul, moo, neigh, open, peep, ary); spec, candy, shoot.
pew, potrack (rare), purr, quack, scape, cub, n. offspring (contextual), whelp.
screak, scream, screech, shriek, shrill, cube, n. 1. solid (contextual), die (chiefly
squeak, squawk, trumpet, twitter, weet, architectural), hexahedron (geom.).
wepe (o nonce word), whimper, yelp, yowl; 2. product (contextual), power (contextual).
see BARK, BELLOW, CHIRP, CROW, BOAB. cuckold, n. cornute (archaic), cornuto (ar-
8. lament, weep; spec, squall, wail, whim- chaic); spec, wittol.
per, sob, bawl, snivel, blubber. cuckold, V. t. horn (obs.), cornute (ar-
Antonyms: see rejoice, laugh. chaic).
4. See appeal, mourn. cuckolded,
a. horned, cornuted (archaic),
cry, V. t. 1. utter (contextual); spec, shout,
forked (obs. or archaic).
exclaim, proclaim. cudgel, n. & v. club; spec, bastinado,
5. See HAWK. crab, bludgeon, baton, batoon (archaic).
cry, n. 1. Referring to persons: utterance cue, n. 1. queue, pigtail or (for short) tail
(contextual); spec, shout, exclamation, (colloq. or humorous); spec, braid, plait,
scream, clamor, call, blare, boo, boohoo, roll, etc.
bray (obs. or humorous), cackle, chirm, 2. See FILE.
chirk, chirrup, chuckle, check, coo, cufl, n. blow (contextual).
croak, crool, croup, crow, gabble, hoUo, cufl, V. t. strike (contextual), slap, box, buf-
holloa, hoot, hosanna, howl, luUiloo, lure, fet, handicuff (colloq.).
peep, quaver, roar, screak, screech, cul-de-sac, n. pocket, impasse (French),
shriek, shrilling, snivel, sob, squall, no-thoroughfare. "Cul-de-sac" is French.
squawk, squeal, wail, whimper, whoop, culminate, v. i. top (colloq.)
yang (rare), yoop (rare), yeU; see bellow, cult, n. 1. cultus; spec, worship.
SHOUT, SCREAM. 2. See devotion, rite, homage.
2. Referring to animals: spec, note,, call, cultivate, v. t. 1. farm, tiU (now chiefly
baa, bark, bay, bell, blare, blat, bleat, spec), work, culture (rare), labor (rare);
boation (rare), boo, boom, bow-wow, bray, spec, garden, hoe, rake.
buUer (Scot.), bumble (cant, dial.), cackle, 2. Referring to working on plants: grow,
caterwaul, caw, cawk, cheep, chirm, husband (rare); spec, hoe, earth.

K^F" Cross references: see Note. cuddle, V. i.: snuggle. cull, V. t.: choose.
crutch: staff, fork. cuddy: donkey, closet. cully: dupe.
crypt: vault. cue: suggestion, part, humor. culm: stalk.
cryptic: hidden. cuisine: kitchen, cookery. culmination: top, height.
cuddle, V. t.: embrace. culet: facet. culprit: transgressor.

tS'l Notes of Explanation.

106
 CURMUDGEON
t. See CIVILIZE, refine, puesue, coxtbt, curd, n. coagulum; spec clabber, bonny-
FOSTER. clabber.
cultivation, n. 1. fannmg, tillage (now curdle, v. t. & i. coagulate.
chiefly spec), husbandry, culture, tilth cure, n. 1. See ministry, remedy, re-
(rare or literary). covery.
2. Referring to work on plants: growth, 2. preservation (rare or affected); spec en-
culture. silage, corning, smoking, jerking, etc
8. See CIVILIZATION, refinement, PtJR- cure, V. t. 1. heal, remedy (rare), recover,
StrlT, FOSTERAGE. sanitate (rare), sanitize (rare), restore,
culture, n. See cultivation.
I. mend (archaic), leech (archaic); spec.
2. Spec, education, development, en- cicatrize, incam (rare).
lightenment, civilization, humanism, hu- Antonyms: see disease.
manity (archaic), literature (rare); see 2. preserve; spec, ripen, ensilate, ensile
REFINEMENT. or ensilage, kipper, season, jerk, dry,
Antonyms: see barbarism. smoke, pickle.
cuneitorm, n. writing (contextiuil), print curiosity, n. 1. curiousness, inquiringness,
(contextiiaV); spec, sphenogram. inquisitiveness (chiefly used in a bad
cunning, a. 1. See skillful, artful, sense); spec, pryingness, prying, question-
PRETTY. ing, interrogation.
2. interesting (contextual)^ cute (colloq.). Antonyms: see indifference.
cup, n. 1.Spec, chalice (poetic, elevated, 2. article (contextual), curio, bric-Srbrac
or eccl.), mazer (obs. or hist.), goblet (ar- (a collective).
chaic, exc. spec), noggin, mug, pannikin, curious, a. 1. See nice, odd, elaborate.
porringer, jorum (coUoq.), stein (German), 2. inquiring, inquisitive (chiefly used in a
cannikin, cyathus, tazza (Italian), cylix, bad sense); spec, seeking, inquisitorial, in-
calix, can, bumper, chark (Russian), quisitional, zetetic, interrogative, prying,
beaker, rhyton, standard, taster, bucket, questioning, scrutinizing, mousing, per-
gourd, goddard (obs. or dial.). contatorial (rare), supercurious.
2. See share. Antonyms: see indifferent.
cupbearer, n. Ganymede (hist, or fi^.), curl, n. 1. roll (contextiml), convolution
Hebe (hist, or fig.). (tech. or learned), volute (tech. or learned);
cupboard, n. closet; spec, buffet, locker, see TWIST, coil, spiral.
press. 2. Referring to the hair: buckle (archaic),
oupid, n. love, Eros (Greek). "Cupid" is ringlet, feak (rare); spec, cannon, curlicue,
the Latin god. frizz, frounce, frizzle, kink, lovelock, kin-
<iup-shaped, a. calciform (rare), poculi- kle, favorite, toupee.
form (tech.), cupped, cuppy (rare); spec. curl, V. t. 1. roU (contextual); see twist,
cupular, cupulate, cotyliform, cotyloid, coil, spiral.
oalathiform, cyathiform. 2. Referring to the hair: spec, kink, frizz,
curable, a healable, remediable, mendable frounce, frizzle, crinkle, crimp, crisp,
(obs. or dial.), recoverable, medicable. Phrygianize (nonce word).
Antonyms: see incurable. 3. Referring to the state: buckle; spec.
curate, n. minister (contextual), rector, crispation (rare), orispature (rare).
vicar. 4. See chest.
curative, a. beneficial, restorative, cura- curl, V. i. roll (contextual); see wave, ripple.
tory, healing, remedial, medical (rare), curled, a. rolled (contextual), convolute
consolidant (rare), salutary, sanative (learned or tech.)^ volute (learned or tech.);
(rare), sanatative, sanatory; spec, medic- spec, coiled, cychcal, involute; see curly.
able (rare), medicinal, incarnative (rare), curly, a. Spec, curled, kinky, frizzly,
recuperative, recuperatory, vulnerary. frizzy, crimpy, kinkled, spiry (rare),
curb, n. 1. See control, restraint, fuzzy, crisp, wreathy.
market. curly-haired, a. Referring to a dog: spec.
2. inolosure; spec, collar, puteal. feathery.

f^' Cross referettces: see Note.

 .

CURKENt
current, a. 1. See prevalent, passing, drop, purdah (East
veil (chiefly fig.); spec,
PRESENT. India), portiire (French), arras, lambre-
2. Referring to money, etc.: circulative quin (U. S.), valance, shade.
(rare), circulating. curtain, v. t. screen (contextual), veil
8. accepted, received, abroad, afloat; (chiefly fig.); spec, shade.
spec, general, rife. curtsy, curtsey, n. civility (contextual),
4. Unerring expense,
to etc.: occurrent bow; see leg.
(rare), incidental. curvature, n. 1. Referring to the action or
current, n. t. See course. act: bend, curve, bending, curving, curva-
2. stream; spec, tide, race, rip, draught, tion; spec, camber (chiefly tech.), round-
underset, undertow, roost (local; British) ing, procurvation, incurvation, recurva^
curry, v. t. 1. comb (contextual), curry- tion, recurvature, convexity, convexness
comb, groom. (rare), concavity, winding, concaveness
2. Figuratively: spec, tickle, scrape, beat, (rare), retroflexion, sheer.
blight, plague; see thrash. See CURVE. 2.
curse, V. maledict (rare), devote, exe- curve, n. 1. Referring to the state or the
t. 1.
crate (learned) anathematize (learned and,
, form produced: bend, curvature, inflection
properly, formal), bless (euphem,istic or (literary), compass (tech.), bent (rare);
ironical), damn (now chiefly used vulgarly), spec, how, crook, round (archaic), round-
ban (archaic), blank (euphemistic), cuss about, arc, flex, arch, bight, sinus, de-
(vvlgar or colloq., and euphemistic; U. S.), curvation, recurvation, retroflex, recurva-
shrew or beshrew (archaic), pest (rare); ture, sweep, epicycloid, conchoid, cate-
spec, hoodoo. nary, curl, sheer, eUipse, evolute, cycloid,
Antonyms: see bless, beatify, conse- extrados (architecture), logistic, polhode,
crate. ogee, epitrochoid, herpoLhode, gadroon,
2. See ABUSE, blaspheme, annoy, twist, incurvation, wind, circle, wave, con-
TROUBLE. vexity, convex (rare), concavity, concave
curse, blaspheme, profane (rare), pest
V. i. (rare), geanticUnal, geosyncUnal, oxbow,
(rare), anathematize (learned and, prop- coil, sinuosity, turn, spiral.
erly, formal), execrate (learned), fulminate 2. iSee CURVATURE.
(fig. or tech.). to a curved thing: spec, bend,
3. Referring
curse, n. I. malediction, execration (learn- bow, cambrel (obs. or dial., crook.
ed), imprecation, anathema (properly, for- curve, V. t. & i. bend, turn, inflect, round,
mal), ban (archaic), blessing (euphemistic crook; spec, bow, embow, twist, arch, arc,
or ironical), malison (archaic); spec, ma- decurve, camber, incurve, incurvate, re-
ranatha, excommunciation, hoodoo, damn curve, recurvate, reflect, wind, hook,
or damme (obs. or archaic; orig. a vulgar spire, coil.
ejaculation). "Curse" is the vernacular Antonyms: see straighten.
word. curved, a. bent (primarily spec.), bowed,
Antonyms: see blessing, beatitude. curvate (rare), crooked, curvilinear; spec.
2. Spec, trouble, calamity, pest. roundish, rounded, spherical, arched, in-
cursed, a. 1. damnable (now chiefly vulgar bent, reflex, incurved, campylotropous,
and profane), execrable (now weakened in embowed (literary), retorted (rare), con-
force), infernal (colloq. and euphemistic), cave, convex, bulging, sweepy, arcuate,
confounded (now euphemistic); see ac- crumpled, camerated, compass, circinate,
cursed. circinal, crescent, falcate, falcated, rotun-
2. See hateful. date, elliptic, circular, oval, tortile (rare),
cursing, n. malediction, execration. recurved, recurvate; see sinuous, wind-
Antonyms: see blessing, prayer. ing.
cursing, a. execratory, execrative. Antonyms: see angular, straight.
cursory, a. passing, transient, running; curvet, n. jump (contextual), leap (context-
spec, hasty, hurried; see careless, super- ual), courijette (French), vault.
ficial, discursive. cushion, n. 1. pillow; spec, pad, woolsack,
curt, a. 1. See short, brief. bolster, panel, mat, wad, compress, buck-
2. brief (contextual), short, snappish, ram, pillion, bass, hassock, quilt.
snappy; spec, tart, brusque. 2. See BUFFER.
Antonyms: see gracious. cushion, v. t. 1. Spec, pad, protect, bol-
curtain, n. screen, ridel or riddel (archaic). ster, cover, seat, wad, quilt.

tW Cross references: see Note. currycomb: curry. curtate: short, shortened.

curriculum: course. cursive: running. curtilage: court.
currish: canine, irascible, curtail: shorten^ abate, dimin- curtsy, curtsey, v. i.: bow.
mean. ish, clip, deprive. curvilinear: curved.

VW^ See Notes of Explanation.

108
 —

CZAR
2. rest, pillow. 2. Referring to the place or form made hy
cushioned, a. Spec, padded, gamboised, cutting: spec, cutting, gash, slash, nick, in-
quilted. cision (learned), scotch, notch, channel,
cushion-shaped, a. pulvinate (tech.). furrow, passage, groove, jad, facet.
ousk, n. toTsk. 3. Referring to a piece or part cut og or out:
cusp, n. point (contextual), apex, peak, spec, cutting, cUpping, shaving, peel,
cuspis (tech.); spec. horn. scrap, mowing, crop, fall, snip, paring,
custodian, n. guardian, guardianess (fern.; sUce.
rare), keeper, custodier (Scots law), custos 4. Referring to a piece of meat or food cut
(Latin); spec, conservator, curator, cura- off: spec, joint, sparerib, flitch, clod, col-
trix (fern.), warden, concierge (French), lop, chop, sUce, steak, crop, round, shoul-
janitor, janitress, tutor, sacrist, sacristan. der, neck, brisket, rump, etc.
custom, n. 1. practice, use (now rare), 5. See ENGRAVING, STYLE, SWITCH, PAS-
praxis (rare), usage (properly spec), con- SAGE, SARCASM, TAUNT, SLIGHT, ABSENCE.
suetude, wont (now chiefly literary), fash- cut, a. Spec, gashy, shorn, tonsured,
ion (chiefly spec.), dustoor (East India); slashed, carved, carven (rhetorical),
spec, rite, localism, way, manner, proce- hacked, cleft, etc.
dure, prescription, institution; see con- cuttable, a. sectile (JLeamed or tech.), sec-
vention, HABIT. able (rare); spec, cleavable.
2. See CONVENTIONAl,ITY, TAX. cutter, n. Spec, cleaver, diamond, 6cra-
8.patronage, support. seur (French), colter or coulter, cropper,
customary, o. accustomed, wonted, usual, carver, cUpper, chopper, microtome,
consuetudinary (rare), ordinary (contextr- mower, hewer, hook, blade, shear, sickle,
ual), regular; spec, everyday, natural, scythe, knife, etc.
traditional, traditionary, nomic, pre- cutting, a. 1. sharp, incisive (learned), in-
scriptive; see CONVENTIONAL, HABITUAL. cisory (rare), sectorial (learned); spec.
Antonyms see unaccustomed,
: un- edgy.
conventional, OBSOLETE, occasional, 2. Referring to language, etc.: sharp; bi1>
ODD. ing, stinging, wounding; see acrimonious,
customer, n. t. buyer, purchaser, patron. SARCASTIC.
2. See FELLOW. cutting, n. 1. Referring to the action: cut
customhouse, n. douane (French), do- (rare), incision (learned), section (chiefly
gana (Italian). tech.), scission (rare); spec, tonsure, exci-
cut, V. t. &
i. 1. incise (learned, except in sion, concision, shaving, cUpping, etc.
p. a. "incised"), incide (rare), separate 2. See CUT.
(contextual); spec, carve, cleave, truncate, cycle, n. 1. See circle, round.
lance, scarify, bite, dissect, shear, poll, 2. period; spec, saros, age.
shave, skive, scissor, snip, saw, bite, 3. wheel (colloq.), machine (coUoq.), bike
scythe, slice, slit, slash, Knife, mince, (slang); spec, bicycle, tricycle, quad-
chop, barb, poU, chisel, sculpture, chip, ricycle,tandem, pneumatic, quartet,
mow, reap, gouge, hack, hash, nick, hew, qmntet, quintuplet, hydrocycle, motor-
facet, saber or sabre, score, scotch, flitch, cycle.
gash, crimp, crease, hog, shred, lop, dock, cyclic, a. 1. circular; chiefly of poems,
carbonado, roach, clip, crop, trim, cas- periods of time, etc.
trate, whittle, pare. 2. See recurrent.
2. SEPARATE, PENETRATE, CROSS, cylinder, n. Spec, rundle, cannon, drum,
See
shorten, switch, diminish, reduce, DE- cage, barrel, fly, roll; see roller.
PART (v. i.). cylindrical, a. cylindraceous (rare), cylin-
3. Referring to the sensibUUies: hurt, bite, dric (rare), cylindriform (rare), round
sting, pain, wound. (contextual; spec), cylindroid.
4. ignore, rump (rare; slang); see slight. cynic, n. 1. See philosopher.
cut, n. 1. Referring to an act: cutting 2. misanthrope, pessimist (contextual).
(rare), incision (learned), incisure (rare); cynical, a. 1. See surly.
spec, gash, nick, discission (rare), bite, 2. Spec. Biogenic.
crop, scotch, shave, shear, clip, snip, 3. misanthropic; spec, sneering, satirical,
carve, slit. censorious.

f^' Cross references: see Note. cut-and-drled: cycloid: circular.

cuspid; camne. conventional. Cyclopean: gigantic^ massive.
cuspidate, cuspidated: point* cutaneous: skin. cyciorama; show.
ed, ornamented. cute: cunning, shrewd, clever. cynosure: attraction.
cuspidor; spittoon. cuticle: skin. cyst: chest, sac.
custody; care, imprisonment. cutlass: sword. cystic: vesicular.
customable: tax(Ojle. cutty: short. czai: monarch.

f^^ See Notes of Explanation.

109
 — .

DAB
bourin, pas, passepied, grandfather, mor-
D minuet, hay, pavan (hist.), danse Mac-
ris,
dab, V. t. 1. strike (contextual), tap; spec. abre (French), dance of death, gavotte,
peck, slap, pat. hobble, hoedown (U. S.), break-down,
2. See SPOT. hornpipe, gallaird (hist.), gallopade, galop,
dab, n. 1. stroke (contextual), tap; spec. bolero, contre-dance, cotulion or cotillon,
peck, slap, pat. corroboree, Cracovienne (French), brawl,
2. See LTJMP; spot, little. cachucha, canary, cancan, caper, carmar
dabble, v. t. wet (con/exiuai), spatter. gnole, polka, reel, kantikoy, quadrUle,
dabble, v. i. 1. puddle, muddle, potter, fling, jig, lavolta (te<.),farandole (French),
mess; spec, splash, paddle, patter, plouter fandango (Spanish), chemise (cant).
(chiefly Scot.). 2. party (contextual), assembly (context-
2. potter, trifle, smatter; see, potter. ual); spec, ball, hop (slang or colloq.),
dabbler, n. 1. mudlark (collcq.). promenade, nautch (India).
2. dabster, potterer, smatterer; spec. danoe, v. i. & t. foot (chiefly with "it";
sciolist (learned). Cf. bungle. rare); spec, step, trip (it), tread (con-
Antonyms: see expert. textual), waltz, tripudiate (rare), rigadon,
dagger, n. 1. weapon (contextual), point minuet, jig, pirouette, polonaise, pous-
(now rare), tickler (slang), skene (archaic sette, polk, reel, quadrille, leap.
or hist.), parazonium (Greek antiq.), 2. play, bob, jiggle, jig, jigger, bobble;
prog (rare); spec, poniard (literary), bod- spec, caper, jump, dandle.
kin (archaic), ataghan, creese, crease, dancer, n. Terpsichore (fig.), figurant
kris, kuttar, misericord, dirk, stiletto, (masc; French), figurante (fern.; French),
stylet, poignado or poinado (archaic), danseuse (fern.; French); spec, flinger,
left-hander, khanjar, dudgeon (archaic). kicker, coryphee, matachin.
2. In printing: obelisk; spec, diesis (double dancing, n. footing (contextual), orchestics
dagger). (the art; rare) , Terpsichore (as an art; fig.)
dally, a. diurnal, quotidian (rare). dancing, a. 1. saltatorial, saltatory; both
Antonyms: see noctornal. learned.
dainty, a. 1. See palatable, PARTlctTLAR, 2. See jiGGLT.
FASTIDIOUS, NICE. dancing girl. Spec, bayadere (India),
2. beautiful, pretty, elegant, delicate, neat, geisha (Japanese).
trim, tricksy (rare), exquisite (aer^doinii/). dandy, n. 1. fop, coxcomb or (less u^sual)
Antonyms: see tjglt, clumsy, coarse. cockscomb, exquisite, fopling, popinjay
3. nice; spec, squeamish, fastidious, ex- (archaic), petit-maltre (French), beau,
quisite. beau-gargon (French), jackanapes (ar-
dais, n. tribune (contextual), platform (con,- chaic), man miUiner (contemptu/ms; ar-
textual), hautpas (French); spec, estrade chaic), jack-aKiandy (archaic), prick-me-
(rare), half-pace, footpace. dainty (archaic), buck (archaic), mus-
dxm, n. obstruction (contextual), barrier cadin (French), bawcock (obs.), toff
(contextual), weir; spec, barrage. (slang, Eng.), skipjack (archaic), dudine
dam, V. t. obstruct (contextual), bay; spec. (female dude; colloq.), swell (colloq.), dude
pond (Eng.). (one excessively aandifi£d); spec, majo
dance, n. 1. measure (poetic), saltation (Spanish), incroyable (French), hautton
(esp. characterized by leaping steps; rare); (French), fashionables (pi.).
spec, valse, courante, courant, country- Antonyms: see sloven, ragamtjtpin.
dance, waltz, strathspey (Scot.), sun 2. See PINE one.
dance, seguidilla (Spanish), tango, dandy, a. smart (archaic or
foppish,
turkey-trot, bunny-hug, onestep, two- obs.), exquisite,dudish (implying excess),
step, boston, german, saraband, saltarello coxcombical, jackanapish (rare), buckish
(Italian), schottische, shuffle, roundelay, (archaic), dandified, lardy-dardy (slang).
round, tarantella, rigadoon, Romaika, roly- Antonyms: see shabby, slovenly.
poly, ridotto (Italian), juba (U. S.), tam- dandyism, n. foppery, foppishness, ex-

KT' Cross references: see Note.

 —

DARKNESS
quisitism (implmng excess), exquLsiteness 4. See GLOOMY, depressing, wicked,
(implying excess), macaronism (rare), dud- IGNORANT, hidden, SECRET, RETICENT,
ism {implying excess), coxcombery, jacka^ THREATENING.
napery (rare), jack-a-dandyism (archaic), dark, n. darkness; spec, obscurity, tene-
peacockery (disparaging or contemptiums). brousness (literary), tenebrosity (literary),
clanger, n. hazard, risk, peril, jeopardy; dinginess, dimness, murkiness, murk
spec, venture, rock (something dangerous; (chv^y lUerary), cahginosity (literary),
fig-)- dun, jimbrageousness (literary), ebony,
Antonyms: see safett. swarthiness, swartness, tawniness, gloom,
dangerous, a. bad (contextiud) risky, haz- , shadow, pitchiness, inkiness.
ardous, perilous, ieopardous (rare or obs.), Antonyms: see light, moonlight.
chancy (collnq.), dangersome (rore),riskfui darken, v. t. 1. dark (archaic or poetic),
(rare), parlous (archaic); spec, critical, denigrate (rare); spec, darkle, dim,
ticklish (colloq.), nice^ kittle (Scot, or black, blacken, shade, muddy, eclipse,
literary), delicate, senous, ugly, nasty, dun, duU, disluster (rare), ebonize, dusken
adventurous, breakneck, thorny. (rare), cloud, fog, disilluminate, encloud
Antonyms: see safe. (intensive; rare), gloom, obumbrate (liter-
dangle, v. t. hang, pendulate (rare); ary), obtenebrate (rare), overshadow,
spec, swing, jiggle. shade, murk (rare), obfuscate (rare), ob-
dapple, a. spotted, variegated; spec. nubilate (rare), overgloom (rare), over-
dapple-gray. shade (rare), overcloud, overcast, oSuscate
dapple, V. t. spot, variegate. (rare), blur, becloud (intensive), bedim
dare, v. t. 1. See challenge, pace, defy. (intensive), bedarken (intensive), bescreen
2. undertake, venture; not dose syn- (intensive), begloom (intensive), sable
onyms. (chiefly poetic), umber (rare), somber.
dare-devil, n. devil (colloq.), madcap. Antonyms: see light, brighten.
dark, a. 1. Spec, obscure, tenebrous (lUr 2. Spec, dim (the eyes or sight, or the sight
erary), gloomy, rayless, dingy, dim, dim- of), blur, purblind, blear, blind, obscure,
mish, murk (archaic or poetic), murky, obfuscate (rare), mist.
blind, caliginous (literary), obfuscous 8. Referring to the understanding: spec.
(rare), Cimmerian (alluding to the Cim- dull, benight, obscure, mystify.
merians, fabled to live in perpetual dark- Antonyms: see enlighten.
ness), dun, dunny, dunnish, cloudy (often See DEPRESS, SULLY.
4.
fig.), umbrageous (literary), fuliginous, darken, v. i. 1. dark (archaic or poetic);
sooty, grimy, somber, atramentous (liter- spec, darkle (literary), cloud, dusk (Kter-
ary), swarthy, swart, tawny, drumly ary), dim, dull, dusken (rare), gloom,
(chiefly Scot, or literary), gloomy, muddy, umber (fig.).
murksome (rare), nightly, crepuscular 2. In the sense of "to grow angry looking':
(often fig.), nonluminescent (formed), non- darkle, cloud.
luminous (formal), dead, crepusouline darkened, a. Spec, obscured, obfuscate,
(rare), dirty, torchless, shadowy, unsunned clouded, cloudy, ustulate (rare), infus-
(rare), sunless, rayless, cloudy, darkful, cate (rare).
darkish, darksome (vaguer and weaker darkening, n. obscuration (contextual);
than "dark"; chiefly poetic), deadly, spec, blackening, clouding, etc.
grimed, umbery (rare), fuscous (chiefly darkness, n. 1. dark; spec, obscurity,
not. hist.), duskv, opaque, swarthy, fus- dimness, dinginess, dusk, duskness,
cescent (rare), black, coaly, carbonaceous duskiness, tawniness, gloom, gloominess,
(rare), dull, ebony, pitchy, inky, inkish swartness, swarthiness, griminess, calig-
(rare) lightless, nigrescent (rare) funereal,
, inousness (literary), murkiness, somber-
,

unillumined; see dim, shady, black, dull.
Antonyms: see bright, MOONLiafiT, shadiness, duskishness, caliginosity (ar-
luminescent, shining, faib.
2. Referring to the understanding: see
mysterious, abstruse.
8. Referring to the complexion: swarthy,
tawny, dusky, swart (stronger than tawny);
spec, grimy, ebony.
Arvtonyms: see fair, pale.
^ff' Cross references; Bee Note.
danEerless: safe.
dangle, v. i.: hang, attend.
ness, dullness, shadow, shaidowiness,
chaic), tenebrosity (literary), smokiness,
umbrageousness (literary), fuliginosity
(literary), sootiness, muddiness, dimmit
(dial. Eng.), lightlessness, murk (chiefly
Scot.), night, opacity, eclipse, dimness
(rare), shades (pi.), etc.; see shading.
Antonyms: see brightness.
dangling: hanging. dare: challenge, defiance.
dank: moist. dare-devU, a.: reckless.
dapper: dandy, smaU, smart. daring: bold, brave, defiant.
dapple: spotted, variegated.

iW See Notes of Explanation.

lU
 . —

DARLING
2. Spec, obscurity, mystery, abstruse- day, n. 1. daytime; spec, sunshine.
ness, gloom, depression, wickedness, ig- Antonyms: see night.
norance, blindness, secrecy. 2. A day of a certain kind: spec, lay-day
darling, a. beloved, favorite, pet {which see) (commercial), dripper (colloq.), roaster
Antonyms: see disliked. (colloq.), scorcher (colloq.), doomsday.
dart, n. spear (chiefly spec), weapon,
1. 3. See DATE.
lance, javelin, (spec), gavelock {obs. or daybreak, n. dawn, dawning, break
hist.), banderiUa, jerid or jereed, whisk. (chiefly in "break of day"), dawing (Scot.),
2. Referring to the motion: spec, jump, daylight, morn (poetic), cockcrow (fig.),
bolt, flit, shoot, leap, spring, whisk, greking (obs. or Scot.), daypeep (poetic),
pounce, flirt. aurora (fig.).
dart, V. t. 1. throw, hurl, dartle; spec. Antonyms: see night.
shoot, flirt, launch, jaculate (rare). daydream, dream (contextual), rev-
n.
2. direct (o look, etc.). erie, conceit,fancy, castle in the air, air
dart, V. i. shoot, scoot (colloq.); spec, leap, castle, chateau en Espagne (French), pipe
jump, pounce, spring, rush, dartle, rocket, dream (colloq.).
bolt, flit, flirt, whip, whisk, scoot, rush, Antonyms: see actuality.
whir. daylight, n. hght (contextual); spec, sun-
dash, V. t. 1. propel (contextual), strike, shine, sunlight, daybreak.
beat, knock, pash (now chiefly dial. Eng.), daze, V. t. confuse, confound (archaic),
slam; spec, smash (colloq.), swash, ding, stupefy, bewilder, stun; spec, dazzle, blind.
slap, crash; see splash, knock. daze, n. confusion, stupor, bewilderment;
2. See SHATTER, THROW, RUIN, DEPRESS, spec, dazzle, dazzlement.
ABASH, FLAVOR, COMPOSE. dazzle, v. t. confuse, daze, blind, bedazzle
dash, V. i. rush, dart; spec, clash, smash, (intensive), overpower (contextual); spec.
lash; see splash, rush. stupefy.
Antonyms: see lag. dazzle, n. 1. dazzlement, daze, confusion;
dash, n. 1. See propulsion, shock, line, —
referring to the state.
BLOW, rush, energy, SHOW. 2. brilliancy, brightness; referring to the
2. adinixture (contextual), little (context- effect of light or display.
ual); spec, touch, intimation (colloq.), 3. <See show.
tinge, spice, sensation (colloq. or slang), dazzling, a. bright (contextual), blinding,
lace (of spirits), flavor, relish; see trace. overpowering (contextual) ;—referring to
date, n. 1. time; spec, epoch, day, age, light or display.
era, seon, moment, canon, misdate. dead, a. 1. See lifeless, absolute, un-
2. See DURATION, appointment. questionable, direct.
date, V. t. time, place (chronologically); 2. Referring to a person that has died:
spec, misdate. deceased, perished (by privation), defunct
dateless, a. imdated. (rare), late (a euphemism, conventional in
datum, n. Spec, element, premiss, con- certain connections), exanimate (rare).
dition, material (a collective). Antonyms: see living.
daughter, n. child (contextual); spec, ca- 3. mat.
dette, daughterkin, daughterling, daugh- Antonyms: see lustrous, polished.
ter-in-law, stepdaughter, infanta, dau- 4. Referring to living matter that has died:
phiness. spec, mortified, gangrenous, sphacelate,
Antonyms: see parent, father, mother. necrosed.
dauntless, n. brave (contextual), bold, un- 5. Referring to things that have ceased to
affeared (archaic), unaffrighted, unap- function, act, etc.: defunct; spec, obsolete,
paUed. extinct, extinguished, sleeping, inert,
dawdle, v. i. 1. trifle, potter, idle, diddle. still, stagnant, lusterless, out (referring to
Antonyms: see bustle. fire), flat, useless.
2. See DELAY. dead, n. 1. decedent (U. S.; chiefly law),
dawn, n. daybreak, break of day. deceased (euphemistic; usually with "the"),
dawn, V. i. 1. daw (Scot.), morrow (rare), defunct (formal; usually with "the"),
break (chiefly with "day" as the subject). croaker (slang). "Dead" is chiefly used
2. See ARISE. collectively with "the."
dawning, n. daybreak. 2. See silence.

K^^ Cross references: see Note. daub, V. t.: smear. daylight: sunlight.
darling, n.: dear, pet. daub, 71..* smear, plaster. daystar: Tnoming star, sun.
darn: repair. daunt: intimidate, dismay. daze, V. t.: stupefy.
dashing;: lively, showy, energetic. davit: crane. daze, n.: stupor.
dastard: coward, cowardly. dawn: daybreak. deacon, v. t.: fake.

lE^^ See Notes of Explanation.

112
 ——

deaden, I), t. 1. Spec, dull, benumb, numb,
stupefy.
2. Referring to sounds or sounding things:
mufiBe, damp, bemuffle (intensive), dumb
(rare), mute; spec. pug.
8. Referring to velocity, activity, etc.;
check; spec, smother (a fire), damp (a
fire), stagnate, repress, choke.
Aritonyms: see agitate.
deadhouse, n. mortuary; spec, morgue.
deadlock, n. standstill.
deadly, a. 1. mortal, fatal, deathly (rare),
fell (poetic).
2. implacable, lethal (literary), fatal, kill-
ing (referring to gait, pace, habits, etc.),
mortiferous (rare), mortific (rare), death-
ful (rare), mortifying (rare), funest (rare),
lethiferous (rare); spec, murderous, bane-
ful, poisonous, pestilent, pestilential,
pestiferous, noxious, etc.
8. See DEATHLIKE.
deaf, a. earless (fig.), surd (archaic).
deafen, v. t. I. deave (obs. or Scot, and deathlike, a. deathly, deadly, deathy,
dial.), stun (with noise).
2. See DROWN.
DECAY
quietus (rare), dying, departure (euphe-
mistic), expiration (rare), exjjiry (literary),
finish (vulgar or coUoq.), finis (figurative;
rare), exit (literary or affected), parting
(euphemistic), endmg (now coUoqT), end,
dissolution (literary or rhetorical), mor-
tality, consummation (a figurative literary
use), passing (euphemistic), pass (rare),
def unction (rare); spec, predecease, eutha-
nasia or euthanasy.
Antonyms: see birth.
2. Referririg to the dying of tissues, etc.:
spec, mortification, gangrene, necrosis.
3. Referring to the cause of death: spec.
quietus, coup de grdce (French), finish
(vulgar or colloq.).
4. Referring to the state: dormition (Jig.),
sleep (fi^.), darkness (fig.), grave (fig.),
tomb (fi^.).
Antonyms: see life.
See EXTINCTION, DESTRUCTION.
5.
death bell, passing bell, knell.
deathful (rare).
debit, n. entry (contextiud) charge. ,

deal, n. 1. See share, amount, quantity. debit, v. t. enter (contextual), charge.

2. lot, heap; all three colloq. debris, n. "D6bris" is French. 1. See rub-
deal, v. t. 1. See apportion. bish.
2. Referring to a blow, etc.: give, bestow, 2. In geol.: spec, detritus, eluvium.
deliver, fetch, lay (used with "'on"), plant, debt, n. Spec, due (chiefiy in pi.), arrear
place, administer, strike. (chiefiyin pi.).
deal, V. i. traffic, converse, practice (rare); debut, n. appearance, coming-out. "D6-
spec, contend (used with "with"). but" is French.
dealer, n. monger (chiefly in conibination), debutant, n. masc, d§buntante, n. fern.
merchant (Scot, or U. S. in sense of re- come-outer (slang); spec, rose (slang; U.
tailer), trader, chapman (archaic); spec. S.) "Debutant" and "debutante" areFrench.
.

copeman (archaic), coper (archaic), cadg- decade, n. decennary.

er, hawker, badger, huckster, tallyman, decamp, v. i. 1. rise.
stallman, jobber, drover (cattle dealer). Antonyms: see camp.
dealing, n. 1. intercourse. 2. See DEPART.
2. traffic; spec, negotiation, conduct. decay, v. i. 1. See decline, decompose.
8. giving, bestowal, delivery, placing, 2. Referring to things falling into ruin:
planting; referring to a blow, etc. spec, dilapidate, disintegrate, ruin, ruin-
dear, a. 1. loved, beloved; spec, cherished, ate, perish.
precious, favorite, bosom. Antonyms: see renew.
2. iSee HEARTFELT, COSTLY. 8. Referring to fruits, etc.: rot; spec, rust,
dear, n. darling, deary (amatory, conjwgal, bUght, blet.
or familiar), beloved, mavourneen (Irish), decay, n. 1. See decline, decomposition.
lovey (in affectionate address), honey 2. Referring to becoming or being ruined:
(chiefly Irish, dial. Eng., or negro U. S.), spec, dilapidation, disintegration, waste,
pigsney (archaic); spec, pet, favorite, ruin, ruination, disrepair, decayedness,
moppet (contemptuous as used of a man). decrepitude, irrepair (rare), unrepair,
death, n. 1. decease (legal, slightly euphe- ^boulement (French).
mistic, or rhetorical), demise (elevated). Antonyms: see renewal.
f^^ Cross references: see Note. debark: decorticate. debauched: dissipated,
dealing: intercourae, traffic. debase: abase, degrade, adul- debauchery: corruption, dis-
dean; senior. terate, corrupt. sipation.
dearth: deficiency. debase: define. debenture: certificate, security.
deathless: immortal. debate, v.: dispute, discuss, debilitate: weaken, enervate.
deathly: deathlike. debate, n..- dispute, discussion. debit: charge.
debacle: rush, catastrophe, up- debauch, v. t.: corrupt, debouch: issue.
heaval. debauch, v. i,: dissipate, ca- decadence: decline.
debar: exclude, refuse, prevent. rouse. decadent: declining.
debark: disembark. debauch, n.: carouse. decapitate: behead.

tS" See Notes ol Explanation.

113
 DECATED
3. Referring to fruits, etc.: rot; spec, blight, fooling, bamboozle (generic), baraboozle-
rust, spur, blet. ment, bambosh (slang), beguilement,
decayed, a. I. dilapidated; spec, decrepit, hoax, humbugging, humbug, humbuggery,
disj asked (.Scot.), forworn {archaic), humbugism, hoodwinking, circumven-
tumbledowB, ruinous, ruiued. tion, outwitting, outwittal, tricking,
2. See DECOMPOSED. trick, hocus-pocus, flimflam (cant), flum-
3. Referring to fruit, vegetables, etc.: un- mery (empty talk, etc.), illusion, fancy,
sound, rotten; spec, druxy, doted or cozenage (archaic)., flam (ccmt or colloq.),
doated, spurred, ergotized, bletted, dod- guUery (archaic), duplicity, guile, finesse,
dered, etc. stratagem, pretense, sham, covin (archaic),
deceitful, a. deceptive (which does not im- hallucination, disguise, disguisement, de-
ply intent to deceive, nor necessarily any fraudation (rare), defraudment (rare),
evU purpose, while the others do), cunning, hypocrisy, hypocnsis (rare), do (slang or
covinous (archaic), two-faced, indirect, colloq.) indirectness, insidiousness, trick-
,

underhand, underhanded, deceivable [ar- iness, trickishness, hanky-panky (slang),

chaic), insincere, circumventive, false; chicanery, pettifogging, quibbUng, soph-
spec, crooked, double-tongued, double- istry, subterfuge, dodgery (rare), dupery,
hearted, dodgy (colloq.), evasive, hypo- subreption (rare), guUe, double-dealing,
critical, fraudulent, fraudful (rare), guile- mockery.
ful, juggling, Jesuitical (opprohriously used 2. Referring to the thing that deceives:
by norirCatholics) histrionic (learned or
, spec, artifice, cheat, fraud, humbug,
rare), theatrical, dissembling, intriguing, mockery, flam (cant), trick, sham, seU,
insidious, tricky, trickish, tricksy, snaky, cantel (archaic), dodge, hoax, gag (slang),
treacherous. imposture, cog, bosh (slang), juggle, ruse,
Antonyms: see conscientious, frank. wile, stratagem. Many of the words in
deceitfulness, n. cunning, covin (archaic); sense I are synonyms also in this sense.
spec, guile, fraud, etc. deceptive, a. misleading, deceitful (which
deceivable, a. Spec, delusible, gullible, il- see); spec, delusive, delusory, catchy (col-
lusionable (rare), credulous. loq.), tricksy, hallucinative, hallucinatory,
deceive, v. t. mislead; spec, delude, fool, fairy (as if done by a fairy), illusory,
befool (intensive), bejape (obs.), begunk fallacious, false, subjective, d^ingenuous.
(Scot.), bamboozle, beguile, gull, flatter, decide, determine, settle, fix, con-
v. i. 1.
hoax, humbug, hoodwink, bubble (rare), clude, (rare), decree (archaic);
resolve
circumvent, outwit, trick, bucket (slang), spec, misdecide.
cozen, best, cajole, bilk, do (slang), 2. adjudge (tech.), adjudicate, dijudicate
cheat, mock, chisel (slang), chouse (rare), decern (Scot); spec, arbitrate, um-
(slang), jilt, overreach, defraud, doodle pire, pass (upon a question).
(slang), hallucinate, illude (implying false decide, v. t. 1. determine, settle, resolve,
hopes), cog, blear, bluff, misinform, mock, conclude; spec, predetermine, decern
tantalize, jilt (one's expectations), hocus- (Scots law), adjudge (rare), adjudicate
pocus (rare), juggle, dupe, fob, flimflam (tech.), judge; arbitrate, award, decree,
(cant), flam (cant), kid (slang), diddle deraign (law, hist., or obs.), dijudicate
(coUoq. or slang). (rare), rule, hold.
Antonyms: see undeceive. To bring a person to a decision: deter-
2.
deceiver, n. misleader; spec, deluder, bam- mine, resolve (rare).
boozler, beguiler, hoaxer, humbug, hum- decided, a. positive, strong, pronounced;
bugger, hoodwinker, circumventor or spec, marked; see assured.
circumventer, outwitter, tricker, cozener, Antonyms: see doubtful, hesitating.
cheater, cheat, swindler, swindle, de- decipher, v. t. 1. translate, interpret.
frauder, double-dealer, pretender, Sinon 2. Referring to mental character: read,
(fig.), trickster, charlatan, impostor, im- trace, make out.
Eostress, sharper, cogger (obs. or archaic), decision, n. 1. Referring to the act of the
aUucinator, hypocrite, iUuder (rare), mind: determination, settlement, con-
juggler, dodger (often slang), faitour (ar- clusion- spec, resolution, discretion, judg-
chaic), duper, rogue, knave, duffer, diddler ment, finding.
(colloq. or slang). 2. Referring to the delivery of a decision or
deception, n. 1. Referring to the action, to thething decided upon: adjudgment, ad-
fact, habit, practice, etc.: deceit; spec. judication, judgment, decerniture (Scots
cheat, dole (rare), misleading, delusion, law); spec, arbitration, award, decree, de-

fW Cross references: see Note. decedent: dead. proper, ahapely. considerable,

decease, n.: death. deceit: deception. fair.
decease, v. i.: die. decent: appropriate, modest, decern: decide.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

114
 DECREE
creement, arr^t {French hist.), pro- declivitous, a. sloping, steep. "Declivi-
nouncement, sentence, edict, definition, tous" is xised esp. in reference to downward
decreet {Scots law; colloq.), halacha or slope.
halakah, decretal; see verdict. declivous, a. sloping. "Declivous" usu-
deoisire, o. 1. determinative, resolutive or means descending.
ally
resolutory {in law spec), conclusive, ad- decomposable, a. perishable, resoluble,
judicative, decretive, decretory. corruptible {archaic), resolvable; spec.
Antonyms: see indecisive. putrescible, putrefiable (rare).
2. determinative, definitive, conclusive, decompose, v. t. & i. 1. decompound
final, peremptory, determinant; spec. {rare), dissolve, resolve, disintegrate
critical, crucial, fateful. {chiefly spec), analyze {esp. spec); spec.
deck, n. Spec, orlopj texas {Western U. S.), electrolyze, thermolyze, hydrolyze.
hurricane deck, splmter deck, poop deck, Antonyms: see synthesize.
main deck, quarterdeck. 2. Referring to natural decomposition, de-
declaim, v. i. speak, harangue {chiefly stroying physical integrity and soundness:
spec), rant {chiefly spec), spout {con^ consume, decay, rot {often spec), corrupt
temptuous), mouth {contemptuous); spec. {archaic or rare), faint: spec {of loathsome
perorate {literary). and stinking rottenness) putresce, putrefy.
declamatory, a. Spec, rhetorical, bom- decomposed, a. I. decompounded, dis-
bastic. solved, disintegrated, etc.
declaratory, n. declarative, predicative, 2. decayed, corrupt {archaic or rare), rot-
affirmative. ten; spec, putrid, putrescent, carious
declare, v. t. 1. Spec, proclaim, acclaim, {chiefly tech.), green; see tainted.
find {law), denounce {as being bad). Antonyms: see sweet.
2. See STATE, DISCLOSE, ACKNOWLEDGE. decomposine, a. 1. decompounding {rare),
declination, n. 1. See deviation, descent. disintegrative, disintegratory, analytic;
2. refusal, declension, nonacceptance, re- spec tnermoljrtic, electrolytic, proteolyt-
jection; spec, declinature {Scots law), re- ic, hydrolytio.
pudiation, repulse, detrectation {rare). 2. decaying, rotting, corruptive {archaic
Antonyms: see acceptance. or rare); spec, putrefactive, putrefacient.
declinatory, a. In an active sense: deteri- decomposition, n. 1. decompounding,
orative, degeneratory, degenerative, deg- dissolution, resolution, disintegration
radational, depreciatory, depreciative. {chiefly spec), analysis {esp. for study),
decline, v. i. 1. See deviate, descend. break-up; spec, thermolysis, hydrolysis,
2. deteriorate, decay, impair, worsen electrolysis, proteolysis, electrolyzation.
{rare), fail; spec, ebb, fall {often mth Antonyms: see synthesis.
"away"), set, weaken, wane, derogate, 2. Referring to natural decomposition: de-
degenerate, degrade, debase, depreciate, cay, corruption {archaic or rare), rot; spec.
fade, flag, retrograde, wither, recede, dry rot, putrefaction, putridity, putres-
retrogress {rare), rot, lapse, dwindle, cence, caries, cariosity.
diminish; see lanquish. decoration, n. 1. See ornamentation,
Antonyms: see improve, progress. ornament.
8. See refuse. 2. Spec medal, badge, crest, cockade,
decline, v. t. 1. bend, bow, depress. crown, epaulette, etc
2. refuse, reject; spec, repudiate, repel, decorticate, v. t. excorticate {rare); spec.
repulse, renegue {rare). debark, disbark, skin, peel, busk, pill
Antonyms: see accept, receive. {archaic), rind, rend (a free).
3. See inflect. decorum, n. propriety; spec modesty.
decline, n. 1. See descent. Antonyms: see misbehavior.
2. deterioration, decay, impair {archaic), decoy, n. 1. trap.
impairment, declination {obs.), deca- 2. enticement, lure; sTpec. stool, flare.
dence, decadency, degenera,tiqn, degra- decoy, v. t. attract, entice, lure.
dation, debasement, depreciation, dero- decree, v. t. decide, command, order, or-
gation, failure, ebb, depravation, lan- dain,- appoint, rule {chiefly spec); spec.
guishment, retrograde, retrogression,
_
adjudge, adjudicate, enact, decern {now
retrogradation, wane, diminution, etc chiefly Scot, and tech.).
Antonyms: see progress, recovery. decree, n. decision, command, edict, order,
8. See disease, ailment. ordinance {now chiefly spec), ordination,
declinine, a. In an active sense: decadent, enactment, law {chiefly spec), dispensa-
deteriorating, degenerating. tion {theol.), ordainment {rare), enaction
f^* Cross references: see Note. decorate: ornament, honor. decorous: becoming, proper.
deok, V. t.:ornament, caver, clothe. decorative: ornamental. decorum, v. i.: propriety.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

115
 —

DECREEING
{rare), rule {chiefly spec); spec, finnan, Antonyms: see superficial.
sanction {hist), decretal, novel, rescript, 5. Referring to sleep:profound, heavy,
constitution, assize, pragmatic^ psephism, fast.
recess {hist), hatti, interdict, irade. Antonyms: light.
see
decreeing, enactive, decre-
a. decisional, 6. Referring strong, intense, rich.
to colors:
tial {rare), decretive {rare), decretory. 7. See LOW, BASS, absorbed.
decretive, o. 1. decisive, decreeing, ordina^ 8. involved; referring to a person in^
tive. volved in vice, disgrace, etc.
2. See DECREEING. deep, n. 1. abyss, profound {poetic), guK
dedicate, v. t t. appropriate {contextiuil), {poetic); spec, ocean.
give {contextual), devote, consecrate, vow, Antonyms: see shallow.
hallow {archaic); spec, promise, sur- 2. See DEPTH.
render. 3. Spec mystery, incomprehensible {used
2. Spec, inscribe {as a book); see conse- with "the"), riddle.
crate, INSCRIBE. deepen, v. i. There are no synonyms.
dedication, n. Spec, appropriation, de- Antonyms: see shoal.
votion, consecration, etc. deepen, v. t strengthen, intensify.
dedicatory, a. dedicative, consecrative, deeply, adv. Spec, profoundly, abstrusely,
consecratory, votary, votive. soundly, mortally, intimately.
deduct, V. t. abstract, remove, defalcate deepset, a. sunken.
{rare), subtract {esp. of numbers); spec, re- deer, n. 1. doe {female), buck {male), fawn
bate, recoup (law). {young); spec stag, hart, havier, hind
Antonyms: see add. (female), spire, spay {male), hearst (a hunt-
deduction, n. 1. See inference. ing term), roe, roebuck {masc), fallow
2. abstraction, removal, subtraction {esp. deer, elk, reindeer, caribou, russ, moose,
of numbers); spec, recoupment (law). maral, wapiti, venada.
Antonyms: see addition. 2. Referring to deer flesh: venison.
3. Referring to the thing deducted: defal- deer, a. cervine.
cation {rare); spec, discount, drawback, deface, v. t. mar, disfigure, disfeature
draft, tare, reprise, rebatement, rebate, {rare), defeature {archaic), dedecorate
off-reckoning, offtake. (rare), disvisage {rare), disfashion {rare);
deductive, o. inferential, a priori {Latin; spec, deform, distort, mutilate, maim
tech.). {fig.), mangle, garble, bemangle {in^
deed, n. action, act, exploit, feat, gest
1. tensive), skew, twist, wrench, blur,
{archaic or poetic), do {colloq.), jest {ar- blotch, haggle, hack, uglify, cancel, foul
chaic or poetic), fact {obs., archaic, or (make ugly), dog's-ear, scar, soil, tarnish,
idiomatic), effort; spec, accomplishment, etc
derring-do {pseudo-archaic), prowess Antonyms: see beautify, ornament.
{chiefly in pi.; literary). defacement, v. i. disfigurement, deforma-
2. instrument {contextual); spec, release, tion, deformity, etc.
quitclaim, land-boc {obs.), charter, in- defamation, n. traduction, vilification, as-
denture, infeudation, remise. persion, calumny; spec, slander, libel.
3. See ACTION. defamatory, a. traductory, calumniatory,
deed, v. t convey {contextual) ; spec, quit- abusive; spec, libellous, scandalous.
claim, release, remise. defame,
v. t. traduce, vilify, slur, asperse,
deep, a. 1. profound calumniate, vilipend {literary; spec),
{very deep); spec. belie,
depthless, bottomless, abysmal. slander, scandal {archaic), scandalize,
Antonyms: see shallow, surface. backbite, libel.
2. See abstritse, discerning, subtle. Antonyms: see praise, ennoble.
3. Referring to evils in which one may be default, n. 1. See fault.
involved: serious, grave, profound, ex- 2. omission, failure; spec, neglect.
treme, great. defeat, v. t 1. frustrate, checkmate, balk,
4. Referring to emotions deeply felt: deep- block, spoil, foil, bame, thwart, cross,
felt, deep-seated, profound, intimate, circumvent, outwit, contravene, blank,
heartfelt, cordial (chiefly spec); spec. stump {colloq.), stale, dish {colloq.), dis-
heavy, sound, dead, hearty, thorough, appoint; spec, nullify, euchre (coUoq.),
inveterate, ingrained. neutralize, double, puzzle, halt, etc.

^^ Cross references: see Note. decrepitude: weakness. defalcate: embezzle.

decreement: decision. decrescence: diminution. default, 71.: deficiency, failure,
decrepit: weak, weakened. decretal: decree. fault.
decrepitate: roast. decussate: cross. default, v. L: faU.
decrepitate: crackle. deduce: infer, derive. defaulter: insolvent.

IS° See Notes of Explanation.

116
 —
DEFINITE
Antonyms: see aid. deference, n. Spec, submissiveness, obei-
2. overcome, overpower, overthrow, con- sance, regardfulness, complaisance.
quer, discomfit, have, beat, thrash {colr deferential, a. Spec, submissive, obeisant,
loq.), Uck (colloq.), whip (colloq.), drub regardful; see complaisant.
(colhq.), master, vanquish, cast (tech., deferment, n. deferral (rare.), delay, post-
law,orobs.), fail,repulse, checkmate, con- ponement, procrastination, adjournment
found (archaic), euchre (spec, or fig.), or (rare) adjournal (properly, spec), sus-
lurch (spec, in games, or fig.), throw, pension, suspense (in law spec), wait,
floor (in argument, etc.; colloq.), over- pause, frist (archaic); spec respite, re-
match (rare), bilk (cribbage or fig.); spec. prieve, mora, cunctation (Kteror2/),breath-
counterwork, countermine, counterplot, mg, moratory, moratorium.
rout, derout (emphatic), outargue, out- defiance, n. 1. defial, dare (coUoq.), daring,
play, outvote, sack (slang), trim (colloq.). daringness (the quality), challenge, bra-
Antonyms: see aid. vado, bravery (obs. or rare), defy (coUoq.),
defeat, n. 1. frustration, checkmate, balk, disregard, despite (literary); spec, diffida-
fail, bafflement, thwarting, circumven- tion (chiefly feudalism), opposition, re-
tion, outwittal (by strategy), contraven- sistance, rebellion, disobedience.
tion. 2. Referring to the quality: spec, contempt,
Antonyms: see aid. stubbornness, despite (literary), recal-
2. overthrow, conquest, discomfiture, citrance, rebeUiousness, disobedience,
best, thrashing (colloq.), drubbing (col- contumaciousness.
loq.), whipping (colloq?), licking (colloq.), defiant, a. daring (now chiefly colloq.), dis-
mastery, vanquishment, overcoming, cast regardful^ challenging; spec, contuma-
(law or obs.), checkmate, confusion cious, resistant, disobedient, despiteful, re-
(rare); spec, rout, derout (emphatic), olcitrant, rebellious, insolent, stubborn.
lurch, reverse. Antonyms: see submissive, resigned,
Antonyms: see victory, success. obedient.
defecate, V. i. cack (obs. or dial. Eng.), deficiency, n. 1. defect (chiefly spec),
evacuate, foul (rare), dung (now of ani- want, lack, deficit, defalcation, shortage,
mals only), stool. wantage (rare), deficience (rare), ab-
defective, a. I. See deficient. sence, default (archaic or spec); —
refer-
2. Spec, deranged, feeble-minded, im- ring to that which is either not present or
becile. not available.
defend, v. See pbotbct.
t. i. Antonyms: see excess, extra.
2. maintain, uphold, vindicate (as being 2. insufficiency, inadequacy, failure,
true or correct), sustain, support, champion dearth, scarcity, famine, want, lack,
(the truth, a cause, etc.), espouse (a cause); penury, poverty, shortness, default (ar-
spec, justify, plead, advocate. chaic or rare), meagerness; referring to
Antonyms: see assail, attack. the fact of being deficient.
3. oppose (a claim, lawsuit, etc.). Antonyms: see abundance, excess.
defense, n. I. See protection. 3. See imperfection.
2. maintenance, upholding, vindication deficient, a. poor, defective, insufficient,
(as true or correct), support, espousal (of inadequate, incomplete, imperfect, short,
the truth, a cause, etc.); spec, justification scarce, scant, wanting (used with "in"),
(of action), advocacy. lacking.
Antonyms: see attack. Antonyms: see abundant, abounding,
S. Sj>ec. justification, excuse, plea, vin- excessive, spare.
dication, denial, answer. define, i^. t. 1. deUmit, determine, bound,
defensible, a. 1. fencible (of a demarcate, hmit, delimitate (rare), de-
tenable.
fort, etc.),
—
mark (rare); referring to land or used fig.
2. maintainable, supportable, vindicable 2. Referring to words, ideas, etc.: deter-
(as right or true), tenable; spec, excusable, mine, formalize, precise (rare); spec, in-
justifiable. dividuate, individuaUze.
Antonyms: see indefensible. 3. See describe.
deter, v. delay, postpone, procrastinate,
t. definite, a. determinate, distinct, certain,
adjourn (properly, spec), suspend, wait; limited, fixed; spec clear-cut, sharp-cut,
spec, table, stay, perendinate (rare), res- clear, downright, sharp, crisp (tones, etc.),
pite (rare), reserve, shelve. expUcit, express, formal, vivid, specific.

f^^ Cross references: see Note. defile, V. & n.: march. desecrate,
defecate: dear, purify, excrete. defile n.: pass, ravine, march. defilement: dirtying, fouling,
defect: deficiency, imperfection, defile, V. t: dirty, foui,^ con- contamination, corruption, soil'
fault. taminate, corrupt, sully, violate. ing, suUying, violation.

t9° See Notes of Explanation.

117
 — —
DEFINITION
unequivocal, flat, particular, precise, degradation, n. 1. dishonor, abasement,
exact. debasement, disgrace; referring to the
Antonyms: see ambiguous, indefinite, condition.
INDISTINCT. 2. abasement, debasement, disgrace, de-
definition, n. I. delimitation, demarcation. position; spec, disbarment, disranking;
Z. Referring to words, ideas, etc.: determi- referring to the act.
nation, formalization; spec, individuation. Antonyms: see elevation.
3. See DESCRIPTION. 3. degeneracy, degeneration.
deflate, v. t. exhaust (contextual), empty 4. debasement, lowering, prostitution
{contextual; rare); spec, flatten. (fig.); spec, perversion, corruption, con-
Antonyms: see inflate, bloat. tamination, vitiation.
deflower, v. 1. 1. disflower {strip of flowers). Antonyms: see elevation.
2. violate, devirginate (rare). degrade, v. t. 1. dishonor, reduce, debase,
deform, v. t. 1. misshape, spoil, disform disgrade, abase, lower, sink, disrate,
{rare), disfigure; spec, spring, distort, break, disrank, disgrace, depose; spec.
strain {tech?), bemonster {rare). "De- unchurch, disennoble, disbar, disbench,
form" as used in physics does not imply disestablish, disorb, unmiter, dethrone,
anything more than change of shape or disenthrone, unpriest, imcowl, uncrown,
structure. outcast, unking.
2. See DEFACE. Antonyms: see elevate, dignify, en-
deformed, deform (archaic), misfash-
a. noble, ordain.
ioned, malformed, misshapen, inform 2. abase, debase, lower, demean (one-
(archaic). self;not in good usage), prostitute (jig.);
Antonyms: see shapely, well-shaped. spec, pervert, alloy, adulterate, vitiate,
deformity, n. 1. informity (rare), mis- contaminate.
shapenness, malformation, monstrosity Antonyms: see elevate.
(great deformity), misshape (rare), mis- degraded, a. abased, debased, abject, de-
figure (rare), disfigurement; spec, crooked- praved, low; spec, vile, perverted, corrupt.
ness, varus, misproportion. Antonyms: elevated, exalted.
see
Antonyms: see beauty. degree, n. 1. See row, shelf, gradua-
2.See DEFACEMENT. tion, MEASURE, extent, AMOUNT.
defraud, v. t. cheat, bilk (fig.), rook (rare), 2. step, stage, grade, point (which one or
gudgeon (rare), swindle; spec, bunco, something has reached or arrived at); spec.
chouse (colloq.) remove (in the line of descent), interval,
defray, v. t. pay, liquidate, settle, meet, space (wiitsic), line (music).
satisfy, answer, bear, discharge, disburse 8. intensity, pitch, plane, point, measure,
(rare). intension (literary), grade, gradation,
defrayal, n. payment, hquidation, bearing, height, potence (rare); spec, shade.
discharge, etc. deliisce, v. i. gape, open.
defy, V. t. dare, challenge; spec, beard, dis- dehorn, v. t. poll; spec, hummel or humble
regard, brave, face, disobey, mock, out- (Scot.).
dare, scorn. dehort, v. t. dissuade (ohsolesc), disadvise.
Antonyms: see obey. deity, v. t. 1. apotheosize, consecrate (Bo-
degeneracy, n. deterioration, debasement, man antiq.), divinify (rare), divinize (rare),
degeneration, degenerateness, degrada- god (rare), goddize (rare), shrine (rare);
tion, retrogradation; spec, depravity. spec, co-deify.
degenerate, a. degraded, debased, retro- 2. worship.
graded; spec, decadent. deity, n. 1. god (esp. male), spirit, goddess
Antonyms: see exalted. (fern.), godlet (dim.), godhead (rare),
degenerate, v. i. decline, deteriorate, sink, godkin (dim.), godMng (dim.), divinity,
degrade, retrograde. numen (esp. load or minor; rare), power,
degenerate, n. retrograde. Providence (fig.); spec, heaven (a collec-
degeneration, n. decline, deterioration, tive), all-father, manu, monad, monas
retrogradation, retrogression, debase- patron, patroness, oversoul,
(rare), faun,
ment; spec, caducity (rare), caseation, kami, demiurge, lar, fury, Trimurti,
involution, decadence, perversion. Triton, Woden, Pan, panice, Dagon,
Antonyms: see regeneration. Apollo, Mars, Vulcan, Neptune, Mer-
degenerative, a. retrogressive, declina- cury, Venus, Juno, Minerva, Hercules,
tory (rare), backward. Ares, Hephaestus, Poseidon, Hermes,
t^^ Cross references; see Note. deflect: turn. degrade: decline, degenerate.
definitive: decisive. delt: skillful. deign: condeBcerid.
deflagrate: Imrn, explode. defunct: dead. deforest: disafforest.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

118
 DELIVERANCE
Aphrodite, Hera, Athena; see demon, delicate, a. 1. See palatable, weak,
DKMIGOD. brittle, slight, ethereal, sensitive,
Antonyms: see human. slender.
2.Referring to the state or gualUy: see 2. Spec, nice, fine, tender^ frail, weak,
DIVINITY. dangerous, accurate, senative, refined,
delay, v. i. linger, loiter (chiefly spec), subtle, exact, exquisite, fastidious, con-
tajry, stay, dawdle; spec, idle, nang {col- siderate, minikin (now contemptumis),
hq.), poke {colloq.), dilly-dally, dally, lag, difficult, discriminating.
drag, stop, dwell, filibuster. Antonyms: see gross, coarse, rough,
Antonyms: see hasten, hurkt. HARDY.
delay, n. 1. See deferment, retarda- delight, V. i. Spec, luxuriate, feast, riot,
tion. roll, revel.
2. lingering, loitering, tarrying, tarry delineate, v. t. 1. trace^ draw, line, mark,
(rare), stay, linger (rare), moration (rare), figure, describe, inscribe (chiefly spec),
tarriance (literary), lag^ng; spec, stop, pencil (often spec), touch (lines); spec.
demurrage, respite, reprieve, truce. sketch, plan, foreshorten, map, blazon,
Antonyms: see speed. emblaze, lineate (rare), trick, retrace.
delayed, a. belated, lated (poetic). 2. See outline, sketch, depict, de-
delegate, n. agent (contextiud), representa- scribe.
tive, deputy, commissioner, secondary delineation, n. 1. tracing, drawing, lining,
(rare). marking, figuring, inscription (chiefly
delegate, v. 1. 1. transfer (contextual), com- spec), pencSng (often, spec), touching;
mit, intrust. spec trace, sketching, planning, fore-
2. depute, commission, appoint, depu- shortening, blazoning.
tize (U. S.). 2. Referring to the figure so made: tracing,
delegation, n. 1. Referring to the thing drawing, inscription (chiefly spec), figure;
delegated: commitment, intrustment, com- spec, sketchj plan, map, blazonry, dia-
mittal. gram, elevation, perspective.
2. Referring to the person to whom dele- 8. See OUTLINE, sketch, depiction,
gation is made: deputation, commission- DESCRIPTION.
mg, appointment, deputization (U. S.). delinquency, n. Spec, fault, misdeed, of-
3. representative. "Delegation" is chiefly fense, transgression.
used as a collective. delinquent, n. offender, culprit, malefac-
delete, v. t. cancel, erase, dele, elide, re- tor, transgressor.
trench (from a book); spec, obliterate, delirious, a. 1. deranged, raving, Ught-
efface. headed, wandering: spec, frenzied.
deliberate, a. 1. intentional, prepense (lit- 2. excited, frenzied.
erary or legal; usually postposUive), pre- delirium, n. 1. derangement, raving, de-
meditated, advised, considered, set, re- liration (rare), wandering, light-headed-
solved, studied; spec, aforethought, ma- ness; spec, frenzy; see delirium tre-
ture, cool, careful, thoughtful. mens. _
Antonyms: see impetuous, abrupt, im- 2. excitement, frenzjr.
pulsive, thoughtless. delirium tremens, jimjams (slang), blue
2. unhasty (rare), measured, slow; spec. devils (fig.; colloq.), blues (pi.; colloq.),
leisurely. mania a potu (Latin), horrors (pi.; used
Antonyms: see bustling, hasty. wUh "the").
dellbexation, n. 1. See consideration. deliver, v. t. 1. free; spec, rescue, ransom,
2. slowness, coolness, deliberateness. release; see save.
Antonyms: see impetuosity, bustle, Antonyms: see enslave, imprison.
haste. 2. transfer, give,pass (esp. with "over"),
delicacy, n. 1. luxury, dainty, tidbit, render; spec consign, commit, surrender,
bonne-bouche (French), titbit, regale -hand, intrust, reUnquish, resign, extra-
(rare). dite, impart.
2. frailty, tenderness, softness, sUghtness. 3. free, disburden, rid; spec, accouch.
8. Spec, nicety, fineness, tenderness, 4. See emit, deal (a blow, etc.), eject,
weakness, dangerousness, accuracy, sensi- PROJECT, discharge, SERTE, THROW, UT-
tiveness, discrimination, refinement, sub- TER, IMPART, COMMUNICATE.
tlety, exactness, fastidiousness, considera^ deliverance, n. 1. freeing, delivery (rare);
tion, diflBculty. spec, rescue, ransom, release.

1^" Cross references: gee Note. delate: accuset' narrate, report. deliberate: conaider.
dejeot: depreaa. dele: deleie. delinquent: Uamable.
delamlnate: cleave. delectation: pleaaure. deliquesce: melt, diminiah.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

119
 — —

DELIVERER
2. See UTTERANCE, JTJDGMENT, VERDICT. democratic, a. Spec. Jeffersonian, Jac-
deliverer, n. freer (rare); spec, rescuer,
1. obinic, Jacobinical, ultrademocratic.
ransomer, releaser. Antonyms: see monarchical, aristo-
2. transferer, deliverer {tech.), transferor, cratic, autocratic.
giver. Tenderer; spec, committer, surren- democratize, v. t. Spec. Jacobinize, popu-
derer, etc. larize.
3. freer (rare), ridder. demolish, v. t. 1. destroy (contextual);
delivery, n. 1. freeing, deliverance. spec,abate (law), raze, rase (rare), over-
2. transfer, transference (emphasizing throw, level, pulverize, unbuild (rare), ruin.
the action), transferal (rare), passing (esp. Antonyms: see construct.
with "over"), rendering, rendition, tradi- 2. See RUIN, spoil.
tion (tech.), giving; spec, consignation, demon, n. 1. In the general sense, of Greek
commitment, intrusting, impartment, mythology, of a supernatural being be-
impartation, handing, resignation, extra- tween god and man: deity (contextual),
dition. spirit (contextual), numen (rare), daimon
8. See CHILDBIRTH, DEALING (of a blow), (tech. or literary), intelligence (literary);
EMISSION, EJECTION, PROJECTION, DIS- spec, angel, ghost (obs.), genius, lar,
CHARGE, THROWING, etc., tTTTERANCE. sylph, manito, devU, specter, fiend, dia-
dell, n. valley (contextual), vale (contextual), blotin (French), imp, dev, genie, jinn
dingle. (prop, pi.), jinnee (sing.), hag (archaic),
Delpbic, a. Delphi-an, Pythian, Pythic. harpy, demogorgon, Triton, satyr, manes
delusion, n. 1. derangement, deception. (pi.), lares (pi.), penates (pi.), em-
An "illusion" or "hallucination" is a "de- pusa, incubus, lemur, barghest, ghoul,
lusion" only if the mind is deceived into a Lamia, ogre, ogress, deuce, pooka or
false belief. phooka, vampire, scarecrow, bug, bogy,
2. misbelief. bogey, colt-pixie, fairy, fay (literary), Erl-
demagogue, n. leader (contextual). king, famihar, kelpie or kelpy (Scot.),
demand, v. t. 1. ask (contextual), require, jotun, hobgoblin, sprite or (archaic vari-
requisition (formal); spec, exact. ant) spright, kobold. Brownie, bogle,
Antonyms: see give, offer, tender. gnome, goblin, troll, nixie, nix, poker
2. See CLAIM (a^ due, etc.), need. (U. S.; pixy or pixie, puck, red-
colloq.),
demand, n. 1. requisition, requirement, cap. Poltergeist (German), Robin Good-
require (rare); spec, draft, exaction, fellow. In ordinary English usage "de-
strike, run. mon" is an evil spirit.
Antonyms: see gift, offer, tender. 2. See DEVIL.
2. call, request; spec, market, sale, exi- demonic, a. Spec. Mephistophelean,
gency. Mephistophehan, MephistopheUc, ghoul-
8. See CLAIM, INQITERT. ish, gnomish, elvish, elfin, infernal, elfish.
demandable, a. requirable, exigible. demonize, diabolify, diabolize, devil-
v. t.

demerit, n. merit (rare; contextual), in- ize; rare or learned.

all three
desert (rare), undesert, fault, desert demonology, n. diabology, diabolology,
(chiefly in pi.), ill desert. devilry, deviltry, diablerie (French); spec.
demerit, v.underserve (rare).
t. Satanology.
demigod, n. semideity (rare), semi^od demonstrative, a. 1. proving, probative.
(rare); spec, hero (Greek antiq.), heroine 2. expressive; spec, cordial, emotional,
(fern.), Prometheus, Epimetheus, Her- unreserved; see effusive.
cules, Perseus, etc. Antonyms: see impassive, unemotional.
demobilize, v. t. disorganize, scatter, dis- demonstrativeness, n. expressiveness;
band. spec. cordiaUty, empressment (French),
democracy, n. 1. Spec, democratism. unreservedness, emotionahty, emotional-
Jacobinism, Jeffersonianism. ism.
Antonyms: see aristockact, monarch- demoralize, V. t. 1. corrupt.
ism. 2. disconcert, embarrass, agitate, dis-
2. See GOVERNMENT, STATE. comfit, disorganize, confuse.
democrat, Spec. Jeffersonian (U. S.),
n. denaturalize, v. t. denature.
hardsheU (V. Bourbon (U. S.), Jac-
S.), dendriiorm, a. dendroid, arborescent,
obin, ultrademocrat. arboriform, dendritic; all tech. or learned.

X^' Cross references: see Note. demean: degrade, abase, behave. demit: dismiss, dbdicafe.relinQuish,
deluge: flood. demeanor: behavior. demonstrate: prove, show.
demarcate: define, disiinguish, demented: dejranged. demount: descend.
divide, separate. demesne: estate. demur, v.: object.
demarcation; definition, boun- demise: transfer, death. demur, n.: objection.
dary, distinction, division. demise: transfer, die. demure: sober, proper, modest.

f^" See Notes of Explanation.

120
 — — ——

DEPLETE
deniable, o. contradictable, traversable. abscond, decamp, skip (slang), flit (coUog.),
denial, n. t. See refusal, contradic- slide,cut (slang or coUoq.), mosey (slang,
tion, TRIAL. U. S.), mizzle (slang), vamose (slang);
2. negation, disaffirmation, negative, dis- spec, elope.
aflfinnance; spec, forswearing, sublation Antonyms: see stay, approach, come.
(logic), disallowance, disclaimer (chiefly 8. See die.
law), disclamation (rare). 4. differ, deviate, vary.
Antonyms: see acknowledgment, as- departing, a. going, leaving, parting.
sumption. Antonyms: see coming.
-denomination, See naming, name. department, n. 1. division, subdivision,
n. t.
2. class (which see), kind; spec, (in relig- part, province, branch, sphere; referring
ion) body, connection (chiefly spec.), per- to a subject or to a complex whole.
suasion, sect. 2. district; referring to a territorial part.
denominational, a. sectarian, sectarial. 3. office, bureau.
denote, v. t. 1. See signify, indicate, departure, n. 1. going, leaving, removal
EXPRESS, MEAN. (formal or affected)^ withdrawal (formal),
2. mark, stamp, stigmatize (esp. as eml), parting, decession (rare); spec, flight, exit,
brand (esp. as evil), betoken. exition (rare), flit (rare), hegira (spec, or
denounce, v. t. 1. See accuse. fig.), congfi (French; a formed departure).
2.- condemn, fulminate (violently), vitu- Antonyms: see coming.
perate (abusively). 2. absconding, decampment.
Antonyms: see approvb. 8. See death, deviation, variation, di-
denouncer, n. fulminator, inveigher, vi- gression, difference.
tuperator. depend, v. i. 1. See hang, rely.
dense, a. 1. See compact (referring to corv- 2. hinge, turn, hang, rest; referring to
stituent particles or parts), thick (referring the depending of an undecided matter upon
to visibly separate parts or objects), STUPm. something else.
2. Referring to ignorance, etc.: intense, dependable, a. reliable, trustworthy.
crass (literary), gross, profound; spec. dependence, n. 1. hanging, suspension.
impenetrable, utter, absolute. 2. hinging, turning, hangmg, resting.
density, n. 1. See compactness (referring 8. See reliance, support.
to the constituent particles or parts), dependency, n. 1. dependence; esp. in
thickness (referring to visibly separate sense of state or fact of depending.
parts or objects), stupidity. 2. dependent; spec, subject, colony, prov-
2. Referring to ignorance, etc.: intensity, ince.
crassness (literary), profoundness; spec. Antonyms: cf. sovereignty.
impenetrability, absoluteness. dependent, a. 1. hanging.
dentate, a. toothed, serrate; spec, jagged, 2. jSee conditional, relative, subor-
denticulate, notched. "Dentate" is tech. dinate, accessory.
denude, v. t. bare; spec, abrade, erode; dependent, n. 1. See dependency.
see bark, strip. 2. Spec, client, creature.
denunciation, n. condemnation (context- depict, V. t. 1. deUneate (esp. in lines), do
luil), fulmination (violent), vituperation (contextv/d; chiefly colloq.), portray, ren-
(abusive), diatribe (bitter and violent); der (es'p. in reference to technique), repro-
spec, flyting, invective, philippic. duce, figure, depicture (rare), picture,
deny, v. t. 1. See refuse, contradict, represent; spec, draw, table (rare), Une
ABJURE, disclaim. (chiefly in "line in," "line out," "line off,"
2. negate, disaflSrm, negative; spec, for- etc.),Unearize (rare), lineate (rare), paint,
swear (on oath), sublate (a term of logic), blazon, sketch, emblaze, emblazon, cray-
disallow, disclaim. on, pencil, symboHze,chalk,limn (lit^ary).
Antonyms: see acknowledge, assume, 2. See describe.
confess. depiction, n. 1. delineation (esp. in lines),
deodorizer, n. deodorant; spec, pastil, portrayal, rendition, reproduction, repre-
pastille, fumigator. sentation, depicture (rare), portraitiffe,
depart, v. i. 1. go (often with "away"), blazonry, blazon.
leave, remove (formal or affected), move 2. See description.
(coUoq.), withdraw, part (archaic), recede depilate, v. t. unhair, grain (skins).
(rare); spec, flee, congee (archaic), fly, flit. deplete, v. t. 1. empty; spec, drain, evacu-
2. Referring to sudden or secret departure: ate, reduce.

t^* Cross references: see Note. dgnouement: explanation, ca- dent, V.t: indent.
denominate: navie. tastrophe. dent, n.: notch, tooth.
denotation: meaning. dent, n.: indentation. dependable: reliable.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

121
 —

DEPLORABLE
Antonyms: see pill. depreciation, n. decline, fall, drop; spec.
2. See EXHAUST. slump (slang or cant), tumble.
depopulate, v. t. unpeople, depeople (ar- Antonyms: see advance.
chaic); spec, disman (rare), desolate. deprecator, n. plunderer; spec, thief, rob-
Antonyms: see people. ber, pirate, brigand, marauder.
deport, V. t. 1. behave {oneself). depress, v. t. 1. See LOWER (as to position
2. remove, banish. in space), depreciate.
depose, v. 1. 1. degrade;spec, dethrone, dis- 2. dull (in activity, as trade), deaden.
enthrone, disthrone (rare), discrown, un- 3. dispirit, deject, prostrate, discourage,
throne (rare), disestabUsh (o church). dishearten, sadden, oontrist (archaic),
Antonyms: see enthrone. dash, damp, dampen, dismalize (rare),
2.See TESTIFY. vaporize (rare), vapor (rare), oppress,
deposit, V. t. 1. In the sense of "to put for bow, cool (chiefly with "off" or "dovm"),
safe keeping, to commit to another": lodge, quail, sink, desolate, frigidize (rare), hip
put, place, depose (archaic); spec, intrust,(colloq.; rare), disanimate (rare), down-
bail, store, leave. weigh (rare), darken; mostly specific.
2. In the sense of "to lay or put down, to Antonyms: see elate, cheer, gladden,
place at rest": place, lodge, put, lay, de- enliven.
pose (archaic); spec, dump (chiefly U. depressed, o. 1. lowered (in space).
S.), plant, ground, repose, plank (with 2. dulled (as trade), deadened.
"dovm" or "out"; slang), land, couch, 3. dispirited, dejected, downcast, dis-
precipitate. couraged, disheartened, despondent, de-
Antonyms: see dislodge. spairing, desperate (archaic), prostrate,
3. precipitate (as from a solviion). crestfallen, saturnine (literary), discon-
deposit, n. deposition; spec, precipitate, solate, cheerless, sad, gloomy, melancholy,
precipitation^ settling (chiefly in pV), silt, rueful, lugubrious (literary), doleful, dol-
sublimate, diluvium (geol.), loess, tartar, orous (now literary), dismal, sorrowful,
sinter, sediment, grounds (pi.), see pre- downhearted, duU, chopfallen, chap.<
cipitation. fallen, dolent (archaic), mopish, low, va-
depositary, n. 1. Spec, bailee, trustee, pored (rare), damp (archaic), somber,
bank, banker. melancholic, melancholious (rare), heart-
2. See depository. sick, sick, drooping, darksome (rare),
depositing, n. placing, putting, lodging, §lum, heavy, heavy-hearted, half-hearted,
lodgment; spec, consignation, mtrusting, roopy (rare), hypped, hyppish, o? hippish
bailment. (coUoq.), forlorn, hopeless, woeful, low-
deposition, n. 1. degradation; spec, de- spirited, hypochondriac, dumpish, dumpy
thronement, discrownment. (colloq.), desolate, wretched, lonely, lone-
2. testimony (contextual); spec, affidavit.
—
some, dyspeptic (fig.); mostly specific.
3. placing, putting, lodgment, reposition Antonyms: see cheerful, elated, glad,
(rare); spec, discharge, precipitation, BUOYANT.
setthng. depressing, a. dispiriting, dejecting (rare),
4. See DEPOSIT. discouraging, disheartening, cheerless,
depository, n. 1. bailee. sad, saddening, gloomy, melancholy,
2. depositary, storehouse; spec, ware- atrabilious (literary), doleful, rueful,
house, entrep6t (French). lugubrious, woeful or woful, dreary (ar-
depraved, a. Spec, corrupt, contami- cluiic), somber, dismal, dampening, damp-
nated, abandoned, degraded, low, per- ing, dark, grievous, oppressive, discon-
verted, degenerate. solate, dolorous, melancholy, black,
Antonyms: see elevated. cloudy, Cimmerian (fig.), chilUng, frigid
depravity, n. Spec, corruption, contami- (rare), heavy, gray, leaden, dusky, dark,
nation, degradation, perversion, lowness, dull, dolorific (rare), painful. Most of
degeneracy, vice. these synonyms are more or less specific.
Antonyms: see elevation. Antonyms: see cheering, assuring.
depreciate, v. t. 1. depress (in valtie, price, depression, n. 1. lowering (in space).
etc.), lower. 2. See CAVITY, HOLLOW.
Antonyms: see advance. 3. dispiritedness, dejection, dejectedness,
2. See DISCREDIT, disparage. discouragement, despondency, damp,
depreciate, v. i. decline, fall, drop; spec. hopelessness, desperation (archaic), cheer-
slump (slang or cant), tumble. lessness, sadness, gloom, gloominess, mel-
Antonyms: see advance. ancholy, melancholia, atrabiUousness (lit-
\^^ Cross references: see Note. deplore: mourn. depone: swear, testify.
deplorable: lamentable. deploy: extend. deport: behave, remove, banish.

IW See Notes of Explanatioc

122
 — —
DERANGEMENT
erary), dole (archaic), dolefulness^ dolor spec, vicegerent, vicar, viceroy, kaimakam,
{literary; chiefly poetic), sorrow, grief, dis- heutenant, undershenfi, tipstaff (Eng.).
tress, diea,Tmeai{archaic), dismalness, woe, derange, v. t. 1. See disarrange, dis-
woefulaess, blue devils (pL; colloq.), dis- turb, CONFUSE, disorganize.
piritment (rare), disheartenment, desola- 2. Referring to functions, m,ental processes,
tion, disconsolation, dullness, despair, etc.: upset, disorder, distemper (rare, exc.
brokenness, despairingness (rare), down-' in p. p. "distempered"), unbalance, un-
heartedness, lowness, dumps (pi.; now col- settle, disturb, perturb.
loq. and usitaily humorous), dumpishness, 3. Referring to the mind: craze, shatter,
hypochondria, hypos (pi; colloq.), hyp unsettle, perturbate (rare), unhinge, in-
(colloq.), hyps (pL; colloq.), mopishness, sanify (rare), distract (now rare), dement,
ruefulness, doldrums (pi.), dismality, hip dementate (rare), crack (chiefly coUoq.),
(coiiog. )).<ireariment (archaic), drearihood bemad (rare), madden (now esp. v/ith an-
or drearihead (archaic), chill, heaviness, ger), frenzy (now usually with some pas-
mulligrubs (colloq.), xa^ffims (pi.), spleen, sion or suffering), mad (rare), loco (coUoq.,
qualm, black dog (colloq.), chill, darkness, U. S.).
lugubriosity or lugubriousness (literary). deranged, a. insane, crazy, demented, de-
Most of these synonyms are more or less ment (rare), unsound (chiefly said of the
specific. mind), daft, nonsane (rare or nonce), dis-
Antonyms: see cheer, elation. tempered (literary), lunatic, unbalanced,
deprivation, n. deprival (rare), privation unsettled, mad (implying^ frenzy or violent
(rare), dispossession; spec, divestiture, di- delusion), brainsick, disordered; spec.
vestment, bereavement, robbery, deforce- maniac, maniacal, morbid, raving, dis-
ment (archaic; esp. of lands), stripping, traught (literary), distracted, distract (ar-
denudation, abridgment, curtailment, chai^, moonstruck, witless (now rare),
docking, dockage, despoilment, despoliar idiotic, flighty, foolish, imbecile, cretinous,
tion, spoliation, plunder, pillage, nfling. frantic(now rare), feeble-minded, weak-
Antonyms: see restoration. minded, doting or dotard, doughbaked
deprive, v. t. dispossess; spec, divest, be- possessed, locoed (colloq.,
(dial, or colloq.),
reave, rob, deforce (archaic; esp. of land), U. S.), dotty (colloq. or slang), dotish or
strip, shear, denude, drain, abridge, cur- doatish, fatuous (now rare), mattoid; see
tail, dock, despoil, spoil, plunder, reave delirious.
(now chiefly in p. p. refl"), pillage, rifle, Antonyms: see sane, rational.
relieve (euphemistic and colloq. or slang), deranged person. Spec, lunatic, imbe-
oust (law), shorten (rare), mulct, lose, cile, idiot, changeling (archaic), dotard,
destitute. madman, madwoman (^rare); madhng
Antonyms: see invest, present. (rare), maniac, monomamac.
depth, 71. 1. deepness, bathos (rare), pro- derangement, n. 1. Spec, disarrange-
fundity, profoundness, drop; referring to ment, disturbance, confusion, disorgani-
depth in space. zation, disorder.
Antonyms: see shallowness, height. 2. Referring tofunclionSi mental processes,
2. Referring to that which is deep in space: etc.: upsetting, disordermg (the act), dis-
deep. order (the resulting condition), distemper
Antonyms: see height. (rare, exc. med.), unbalancing, disturb-
3. Spec, abstruseness; see discernment, ance, perturbation (rare).
SUBTLETY. 3. Referring to the mind: aUenation
4. deep (of lointer, etc.), dead (of night, (tech.), craziness, insanity, katatonia (a
winter, etc.). form of insanity; tech.), insaneness, aber-
6. In reference to emotions or experiences: ration, craze (as, "in a a-aze"), mania,
profoundness, profundity, intimacy, in- madness, dementia, dementedness, dis-
tensity; heaviness, soundness (of sleep), temperature (rare); spec, rage (poetic),
cordiality, heartiness, thoroughness, in- distraction, delirium, deliration (now liter-
veteracy, inveterateness; spec, nadir ary), demonomania, idiocy, idiotism,
(Jig.)- cretinism, idiotcy (not a good word), im-
Antonyms: see height. becility, fatuity, frenzy, furiosity (chiefly
6. Referring to colors: strength, intensity, Scots law), delusion, kleptomania, ly-
richness. canthropy, lypomania or lypothymia,
7. lowness, heaviness; spec, bassness; paranoia, paraphrosyne or paraphrenitis,
referrivjg to sound. paraphrenia (rare), perturbancy (rare),
deputy, agent (contextual), delegate,
n. perturbation (rare), unbalance (rare),
representative, secondary (rare), locum- vesania (rare), crack.
tenens (Latin), substitute, vice (rare); Antonyms: see sanity.
f^ See Notes of Explanation.
123
 — —

DERELICT
derelict, n. An abandoned thing, as a ves- 3. devolution, passing, succession (rare),
sel, tract of land, etc.: spec, outcast, dere-
devolvement.
liction. 4. ancestry, lineage, pedigree, prqgeni-

derivation, n. 1. See inference, deriva- ture, progenitorship (rare), origin, original

tive. (rare), extraction, engendrure (archaic);

2. getting, obtaining, drawing, talcing, ex-

spec, paternity, parentage, birth, filiation.
traction (as of comfort from some fact or describable, a. portrayable, paintable,
circumstance). drawable, definable, figurable, represent-
3. origination, origin; spec, etymology.
able, characterizable; with specific im-
derivative, n. derivate, derivation; spec. plications.
compound, paronym (rare). Antonyms: see indescribable.
derive, v. See inpbr, trace.
t. 1. describe, v. t. 1. To tell in words: picture,
2. get, obtain, draw, take, extract depict, portray, paint, depaint (emphatic),
[chiefly spec, or fig.), deduce.
limn (literary), delineate, draw, figure,
derive, v. i. arise, come, originate, sprmg; represent; spec, outline, define, character-
spec, descend. ize, qualify, sketch, adumbrate (rare),

descend, v. i. t. fall, drop, sink, subside blazon, image, empicture (rare), epithet,
{chiefl,y bookish), settle; spec, gravitate, epitomize, gazetteer, detail, miniature,
plunge, precipitate, tumble, stoop, swoop, misdescribe, portraiture (rare), phrase.
pounce, souse, alight, demount, dis- 2. See delineate.
mount, decline, droop, dip, set (as the description, n. 1. Describing in words:
sun). picturing, depiction, depicture (rare), por-
Antonyms: see rise. trayal, portrayment (rare), painting, Um-
2. slope, dip, drop, pitch, decline (rare). ning (literary), delineation, representa-
3. See CONDESCEND, DERIVE, V. i. tion; spec, drawing, sketching, sketch,
i. Of duties, rights, etc.: devolve, pass, outlining, outline, definition, figuring,
come, go, fall, succeed (rare). imaging, characterization, adumbration
5. Of family descent: spring, issue (now (rare), blazonry or blazonment, blazon,
only law), come, arise. cacotype, collation, signahnent (rare),

6.To make an incursion: fall. portraiture, portrait, periegesis (rare),

descendant, n. descendent, offspring, presentment, prospectus, hypotyposis

progeny, child, issue {chiefly legal), pos- (rare), image (rare),iconography.
terity {chiefly collective pi.), scion (rare). 2. See kind.

offset (rare), offshoot (rare), posteriors descriptive, o. depictive, delineative, de-

ipl), son {male), daughter (female), etc.; lineatory, definitive, figurative, represent-
spec, epigone {rare). "Descendant" and ative; spec, adumbrative, graphic, life-
"posterity" or "posteriors" are the only like, graphical (rare), vivid.
words commmly used of those not imme- desecrate, v. t. contaminate, profane, de-
diately descended. file, unhaUow
(rare), pollute, violate.
Antonyms: see ancestor. see consecrate.
Antonyms: _

descendental, a. empirical, positive, nat- desecration, n. contamination, defile-

uralistic; opposed to "transcendental." ment, profanation, sacrilege (rare), viola-
descending, a. descendant or descendent tion, pollution.
{both rare), down {tech. or colloq.), cadent desert, a. 1. abandoned, unfrequented,
(rare), declivous, falling, settling, etc,; desolate.
spec, catadromous, downright. 2. See WASTE, wild, barren.
Antonyms: see rising. desert, n. solitude, wilderness, waste; spec.
descent, n. 1. descension {rare), fall, drop, Sahara (fig.), karoo.
sinking, subsidence, settlement {chiefly desert, v. t. fail; spec, disappoint, jilt, bolt;
spec), down {chiefly in "ups and downs"), see ABANDON.
downfall, downcome, droop (poetic) ; spec. desert, v. i. leave, quit; spec, apostatize,
gravitation, plunge, precipitation (liter- renegade, skirt (of a dog deserting from
ary), tumble, lapse, stoop, swoop, souse, the hunting-pack), backslide.
alighting,dismount, decUnation, dip, deserter, n. runaway, runagate (literary or
downrush, pounce. archaic), transfuge (rare), transfugitive
Antonyms: see rise. (rare), rat or ratter (slang); spec, recreant,
2. slope, declivity, decline, dip, pitch, Damas (Jig.), renegade, turncoat, apos-
drop. tate, traitor.

K^' Crossreferences: see Note. derogate: decline, detract. descry: discover, perceive, see.
deride: ridicule. derogatory: discreditable^ dis- desert: due, demerit.
derision: ridicule. paraging. deserted: abandoned, unfre-
derival: inference. descrial: discovery. quented, alone.

I@° See Notes ot Explanation.

124
 DESTINE
desertion, n. apostasy, recreancy. Eidous (rare), concupiscent, concupisci-
deserve, v. t. merit; spec, earn, demerit. le, lustful, aspiring, ambitious, eager,
deserved, a. condign {archaic, exc. of puTV- greedy, grasping, rapacious, thirsty,
ishmerU), just, rightful, merited, due. thirstful, lickerish or liquorish, hungry,
deserving, a. worthy, meritorious, good edacious (literary), voracious, gluttonous,
(contextual). desiderative (often tech.).
design, V. t. 1. See intend, plan, devise. desist, V. t. stop, cease, stay; spec, pause,
2. devise, create, plan, project; spec, out- forbear.
line, delineate, invent, sketch, cartoon, Antonyms: see coNTiNTrE.
weave. desk, n. Spec, table, faldstool, escritoire,
design, v. i. 1. devise, create, invent, plan; lectern.
— referring to artistic work. desolate, a. 1. See alone, lonely, un-
2. See INTEND. frequented, uninhabited, depressed,
design, n. 1. See plan, intention, adap- QLOOMT.
tation, ARTIFICE, ART. 2. waste; spec, ruinous, ravaged, desert,
2. device,contrivance, creation; spec, fig- barren, wild, bleak, inhospitable.
ure, model, cartoon, diaper, print, weave, desolate, v. t. 1. See depopulate, de-
pattern, blazonry, bearmg, blazon, colo- press, DEVASTATE.
phon. 2. waste, ravage, destitute (rare), devas-
designated, a. Spec, specified, mentioned, tate, havoc (rare); spec, ruin, sack, pillage,
named, given, stipulated. burn.
desirable, o. pleasing, optable (rare), fair; desolation, n. I. Spec, loneliness, unfre-
spec, covetable, preferable. quentedness, iminhabitedness, deserted-
desire, v. i. wish, want, long, yearn (chiefly ness, depression, cheerlessness.
elevated or poetic), crave, aspire, lust (rare 2. wasteness (rare); spec, devastation,
or spec), pleasure (rare), burn, gasp, ruin, ruinousness, desertion, barrenness,
pant, raven (rare), list (literary), thirst, ravage, wildness, bleakness, dreariness.
itch, reck (rare), rage (intensive), hanker desperado, n. desperate (obs.); spec, black-
(chiefly colloq.);
—
mostly specific (cf. de- guard, brave, bravo, apache (French),
sire, n.). freebooter, ruffian, brigand, bandit, buc-
desire, v. t. wish, want, desiderate, greed caneer, filibuster, pirate, marauder, rob-
(rare), hope, crave, covet, ambition (rare). ber, plunderer, raider, despoiler, looter,
desire, n. 1. conation (tech.), wish, want, assassin, mohock, plug-ugly (slang or
appetite (spec, or fig.); spec, longing, cant; U. S.), rowdy, highbinder, warrior
yearning, appetency, craving, crave (rare), (Amer. Indian), bully, rapparee (hist),
avidity, oovetousness, covetise (archaic), berserk, berserker, moonlighter, moss-
avarice, cupidity (archaic), concupiscence trooper, thug.
(chiefly spec), lust (usually for what is despisal, n. contempt, abhorrence.
vn-ong), aspiration, ambition, eagerness, despise, v. t. abhor, disesteem, contemn
burning, panting, greed, greediness, ra- (literary), scorn, disdain, despite (ar-
pacity, rapaciousness, ravenousness, de- chaic), misprize (rare); spec, spurn, scout,
sideration, desiderium (literary), opta/- ridicule, ignore.
tion (rare), itching, itch (usually contempt- Antonyms: see honor, esteem.
turns), fever, calenture (literary), device despond, v. i. despair (implying utter loss
(obs. or rare, exc. in "left to one's own de- of hope).
vices"), letch (rare), hunger, hungriness, Antonyms: see hope.
hanker, gluttony (fig.), breathing (used destination, n. 1. appointment, ordain-
with "after"), list (rare or archaic); Ucker- ment, predetermination, ordination
ishness or Uquorishness, lechery, orexis, (chiefly spec), foreordainment.
voraciousness. 2. See purpose.
Antonyms: see aversion. 3. goal, bourne (chiefly poetic), terminus
2. desideratum; spec, hope, passion, god- (chiefly tech.); spec, haven, harbor, port,
send. station.
desirous, a. wishful; spec, wistful, avid, destine, v. t. 1. appoint, predestine, pre-
avidious (rare), covetous, avaricious, cu- destinate, ordain, fate, predetermine,

^F* Cross references: see Note. despair, n.; depression, Juype- desperation: depressioh,'hope-
deshabille: undress. lessness. lessness, recklessness.
desiccate: dry, despair, v. i.: despond. despondency: depression.
designate: indicate, appoint, despairing; depressed, hopeless. despondent: depressed.
mention. despatch: var. o/ dispatch. despot: autocrat, tyrant.
designation: indication, ap- desperate: depressed, hopeless, despotic: autocratic, tyranni-
pointment, name. extreme, frantic, heroic, rech. cal.

designing: scheming. less, great. desquamate: scale.

tS" See Notes of Ezplanatien.

125
 — — —

DESTINY
foreordain, order, shape, weird {rare); 2. Spec, aloneness, separation.
spec, foredoom, doom. 3. See detail.
2. See ADDRESS. detail, n. 1. item, particular, minutia
destiny, n. 1. lot, doom, fate, ordinance {chiefly in pi. "minutice"), circxunstance.
{archaie), kismet (literary), star {rare), 2. Spec, circumstantiality, account.
fortmie. 3. In mil. use: body, party, detachment;
2. See PATE. spec, picket, patrol, party.
destitute, a. 1. See devoid. detail, v. t. 1. describe, report, mention,
2. poor {contextiuil), penniless, moneyless. explicate {rare).
destroy, v. t. 1. See demolish, kill, an- 2. In mil. use: appoint, detach.
nihilate, EXTINGUISH, abolish, COTTN- detailed, a. full, circumstantial, particu-
TERACT, DEVASTATE. lar, minute, itemized {chiefly spec.).
2. demolish, ruin, ruinate, unform (rare), detain, v. t. 1. See withhold.
perish {archaic), subvert, fordo {archaic); 2. hold, stay, keep, delay, retain; spec.
spec, blot {used with "out"), break, shat- confine, check, buttonhole, buttonhold,
ter, shipwreck, devastate, dismantle, con- becalm, embay (literary).
sume, raze, spoil, efface, crush (used with Antonyms: see hasten.
"out"), erode, dissolve, desolate, abate, detective, n. Spec, spotter {slang), mouser
kill; referring to material, or fig. to im- {slang), Pinkerton.
material, things. detention, n. 1. withholding.
Antonyms: see build, establish, con- 2. holding, stay, keeping, delay, detain-
struct, PROTECT. ment {rare), detainer (taw), retention;
3. ruin, spoil, demolish, nullify, rend, spec, confinement, check, demurrage.
kill, explode, sap (fig.), shatter, murder, deteriorate, v. i. decUne, worsen, pejorate
dissolve, root (with "up" or "out"), fordo {rare), disimprove {rare), impair; spec, de-
{archaic); —
referring to immaterial things. generate, rust, wear.
Antonyms: see construct. Antonyms: see improve.
destroyer, n. destructor {rare), ruin, de- determinate, a. 1. See definite.
moUsher, razer, etc.; spec, bibhoclast, 2. definitive, conclusive.
iconoclast, vandal, etc. determination, n. resolution, constancy,
destructible, a. destroyable, perishable, backbone, sturdiness, grit {colloq.), firm-
eradicable. ness, stamina, pluck {colloq.).
Antonyms: see indestbuctiblb. determined, a. resolute, resolved, bent
destruction, n. Spec, demolition, ruin, {with "on"), stalwart, possessed {colloq. or
ruination, death, killing, spoliation, spec; with "to"), set.
wreck, devastation, annihilation, ship- detract, v. i. subtract, derogate; esp. so
wreck, vandalism, dissolution, holocaust, as to impair or injure, as reputation, hap-
erosion, etc. Cf. destrot. piness, etc.
destructive, a. demolitionary, ruinous, detriment, n. loss, disadvantage, preju-
subversionary, annihilative, exterminar dice, harm, damage, ruins {pi.; archaic or
"

tive, extinctive, extirpatory, eradicatory, obs.), cost, injury; spec, mischief, hurt.
consumptive; spec, pestiferous, interne- detruncate, v. t. To cut off: crop.
cine, interdestructive, fatal, pernicious. deuce, n. 1. See two.
Antonyms: see creative. 2. tie; lavm tennis.
detach, v. 1. 1. separate, disconnect {chiefly devastate, v. t. desolate, destroy, ravage,
spec), unfix, loose, disunite, disjoin, dis- waste, harry, havoc {rare), scour; spec.
sever; spec, disengage, draft, disjoint, dis- plunder, sack, strip.
anchor. devastation, n. desolation, destruction,
Antonyms: see attach, connect, join. ravaging, ravage, waste, havoc, ruin,
2. See DETAIL. vastation {rare); spec, plunder, sack,
detachment, n. 1. separation, disconnec- stripping.
tion {chiefly spec), unfixing, loosening,' develop, v. t. 1. See disclose, unfold.
disuniting, disjoining, disjimction, dis- 2. unfold, evolve, expand, disenvelope
severance; spec, disengagement. {rare); spec, ripen, unravel, elaborate, ex-
Antonyms: see connection, joining. plicate {rare or logic), breed, mature.

fw Cross references: see Note. deterge: dean, remove. determine, tt. i.: decide, end.
destitute: devoid, poor. determination: definition, dis' deterrence: restraint.
destitution: absence, poverty. covery, direction, constancy, de- deterrent: restraint, preventive.
desuetude: disuse. cision, end. detest: abhor.
detect: discover, perceive. determinative: decisive, end- detestable: ahominahle, haiefvl.
detection: discovery, percept ing. dethrone: depose.
Hon, determine, v. t.: define, decide, detonate: explode.
deter: restrain, prevent. discover, end, direct. detour, d§tour: circuit.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

126
 —— — —
DEVOUT
force, gestate; r^erring to the completion, Enemy, Adversary, ApoUyon, Mephis-
perfection, or the like, of something by topheles, Mephisto, Lubberfiend, Evil
bringing out its possibilities. One. Also popularly: Old Nick, Old Lim-
Antonyms: see condense. mie. Old Clootie, Old Teaser, Old One,
8. deduce, educe, unfold; referring to the etc., Robin Goodfellow.
bringing aui of something latent. Antonyms: see god.
4. produce, form, grow, breed, engender. 2. See DEMON, wretch.
develop, v. i. 1. evolve, unfold, expand, devilish^ a. 1. [cap.] Satanic, Satanical,
grow; spec, boom, flower, segment, pro- Luciferian (rare).
gress, ripen, mature; see ripen. 2. demonic, demoniac, diabolical, fiend-
2. See FORM, GROW, APPEAR. ish, Satanic, serpentine (rare), satanical,
development, n. 1. disclosure, unfolding, infernal, heUish, inhuman.
revelation. Antonyms: see HEAVENiiT, human.
2. unfolding, unfoldment (rare), evolve- devilry, n. mischief (contextual), devilment,
ment, evolution (often spec), expansion; deviltry, diablery, diablerie (French).
spec, unraveling, elaboration, explication devious, a. 1. Departing from the direct
{rare or logic), maturing, maturation, mar course: roundabout, circuitous, crooked,
turement (rare), forcing, gestation, cult- indirect (chiefly fig.).
ure, upgrowth, uprise (coUoq.), boom, Antonyms: straight.
see
histogenesis, descent, progress. 2.Following an irregular course: devi-
Antonyms: see condensation. ating, deviatory, wandering, straying.
8. deduction, educement, eduction, un- devise, v. 1. 1. To think up: contrive, invent,
folding. conceive, concoct, plan, design, imagine
4. See PRODircT, formation, growth. (obsolesc), brew (fig.), shape, cook (usually
deviate, v. i. turn, depart, incline, decline, with "up"), cogitate (formal or literary),
vary, sheer (chiefly spec), swerve, divert excogitate (rare), cast (obsolesc), plot,
(archaic), digress (rare in the literal sense), scheme, project, formulate, fudge (often
exorbitate (archaic), excurse (rare), veer with "up"), fabricate, manufacture, frame,
(chiefly naut.), slue, slew, wander (chiefly elaborate; spec, machinate, hatch, spin,
fig.or spec), stray (chiefly spec), deflect forge (evil), forecast (obsolesc).
(rare), diverge; used literally andfi^. 2. See BEQUEATH.
deviation, n. turn, turning, departure, va- devising, n. devisement (rare), contriv-
riation, wandering, straying, veer (chiefly ance, contrival (rare), premeditation,
spec), deflection, declination, divergence, devisal (rare), imagination (obsolesc), con-
sheer (chiefly spec), swerve, sweep, in- coction, projection, framing, machination.
clination, diversion, digression (rare in the devoid, a. destitute, void, forlorn (literary);
literal sense), exorbitation (rare); spec, dis- spec, bare, free, empty; allusedwith "of."
orientation, excursion, drift. devotee, n. devotionalist, devotionist
device, n. 1. In an immaterial sense: (rare), votary, enthusiast, zealot; spec, ob-
contrivance, arrangement, design, plan, late, corybant, bacchanal, bacchant, bac-
scheme, invention, project, expedient, con- chante —
(fern.); used of religious devotees
coction, conceit, brew (flg.). and fig.
2. Referring to a material thing: contriv- devotion, n. 1. See consecration, dedi-
ance, arrangement, design, invention, con- cation, appropriation, application,
traption (cotloq.), fangle (o6s.), fanglement addiction, constanct.
(rare); spec crochet, curwhibble (rare), 2. zeal, cult, prayerfulness, exercitation.
tool, instrument, shift. 3. worship; spec meditations (pi.), vigils
8. emblem; spec, cockade, pageant (hist.), (pi.). The word "devotion" is often used in
cipher (of letters), monogram, legend, the plural, collectively.
motto. devour, v. t. 1. eat, raven, wolf (slang),
4. See idea, contrfvance, trick, ex- gorge, glut, gulp (esp. with "dovm"),
pedient. scoff (slang).
devil, n. 1. [cap., "the Deuil"] Demon (corir- 2. See consume.
textual), Satan, Deuce (in expletive use). devourer, n. eater, cormorant (fig.), locust
Dragon, Old Serpent, Satanas (archaic). (fig.); spec, epicure, gormandizer.
Old Harry (euphemism), Lucifer (rare), devourment, n. 1. eating, ligurition
Deil (Scot.), Auld Hornie (Scot.; collog.). (rare).
Old Nick (euphemism), Davy Jones (sail- 2. See consumption.
ors' slang). Tempter, Archfiend, Arch- devout, a. 1. pious, religious, holy, prayer-
enemy, Prince of Darkness, Foul Fiend, ful, heavenly-minded.
r^' Cross references: see Note. devolve, v. t.: transfer. propriate, apply, addict, condemn.
devolve, o. i.: pass, descend. devote: consecrate, dedicate, ap- devoted: accursed,addicted, constant.

|S° See Notes of Explanation.

127
 —

DEVOUTNESS
Antonyms: see iREELiQiotrs. {slang), dispatch {slang), fulham, doctor
2. See SINCERE. {old slang), goads {pi.; cant).
devoutness, n. piety. 2. stamp; spec, punch, swage, matrix,
dew, n. moisture, precipitation; hub.both con-
texlual. 3. See TATE.
dew, V. t. wet (contextiMl), moisten (con- diet, n. 1. See food.
textiud), bedew {intensive). 2. regimen.
dewy, a. moist {contextual), roral {rare), difler,, v. i. 1. disagree {used with "with"),
roscid {rare). vary {used with "'from"), diverge {used
diagonal, a. comerwise, bias. with "from"), deviate {used with "from"),
diagonally, adv. comerwise, bias. depart {used with "from"), discept {rare),
diagram, n. delineation, plan, scheme disaccord {used with "with"), discrepate
{rare), plat {chiefly spec), outline; spec. {rare).
plot, sketch, section, graph {tech.). Antonyms: see agree.
diagram, v. t. delineate, plan, outline, plot, 2. dissent, disagree, disaccord.
plat {U. S.); spec, graph {colloq.). Antonyms: agree.
see
dialect, n. language {contextual), lingo 3. See dispute, quarrel.
{contemptuous); spec, patter, patois diflerence, n. 1. disagreement, variance,
{French), argot, cant, jargon, idiom, ver- variation, dissemblance {archaic), diver-
nacular. gence, deviation, departure, heterogene-
dialogue, n. conversation {contextual); ity, odds, disaccord, distinction, distinct-
spec, snip-snap, flyte, collogue. ness, discongruity, dissimilarity, distinc-
diameter, n. width {contextual); spec. tion, dissimilitude {rare), separateness, in-
thickness, bore, cahber, module. conformity, unlikeness, contrast, interval,
diametric, o. utter {used before "oppo- diversity, disparity, dispart, inconsist-
site"), absolute, exact, precise, etc. ence, inconsistency, contradiction, con-
diarrhea, n. laxity, looseness, lask {obs. or tradictoriness, repugnance, antagonism,
vet.), skit {dial.), flux; spec, cholera, chol- inimicahty {rare), hostihty, hostileness,
erine, dysentery, lientery, scour, purge. adverseness, irreconcUabiHty, irreconcil-
dictate, v. t. 1. See speak. ableness, incongruity, incongruousness,
2. bid, prescribe, order, direct, enjoin; incompatibility, incompatibleness, dis-
spec, impose. cordance, discordancy, dissonance, dis-
dictation, n. 1. See speaking. sonancy, inharmoniousness, contrariety,
2. bidding, injunction, order, prescrip- contrariness, discrepation {rare), con-
tion, etc. verseness, opposition, oppositeness, an-
dictatorial, a. commanding, authorita- tithesis,antitheticalness, disparity, dif-
tive, injunctive, magisterial {bookish or ferentia,nuance {French). Most of these
learned), directory, dogmatic. words are more or less specific in their im-
Antonyms: see obedient. plications.
diction, n. expression, style {contextual), Antonyms: see agreement, resem-
wording, phraseology; spec, form, idiom. blance, sameness.
dictionary, n. wordbook, lexicon {chiefly 2. dissension, disaccord, disagreement;
spec), vocabulary; spec, thesaurus, gradus spec, controversy, dispute, altercation,
{short for "Gradus ad Parnassum"), glos- discord, quarrel, bicker, contention,
sary, gloss {rare), gazetteer. strife, brabble, feud, fray, jar, jangle,
dictum, n. saying, dictate, say-so {dial, or wrangle, embroilment, variance.
U. S.), say {poetic or obs.). Antonyms: see agreement.
die, v. i. 1. expire, perish, decease (JAterary difierent, a. 1. disagreeing, variant, di-
or formal), demise {elevated or rhetorical), vergent, deviative, distinct, dissimilar, un-
depart {euphemistic), croak {slang), drop like, diverse, divers {archaic), contrastive,
{chiefly colloq.), end {now rare), pass {ar- contrastful {rare), inconsistent, contra-
chaic, err used vrith "on" by Christian Sd- dictory, repugnant, antagonistic, antag-
entists), succumb {rhetorical); spec, fall, onistical, inimical, hostUe, adverse, ir-
drown, hang, suffocate, suicide. reconcilable, heterogeneous, incongruous,
Antonyms: see live, grow, generate, incompatible, discordant, dissonant, in-
GERMINATE, REVIVE. harmonious, contrary, converse, incon-
2.' See GANGRENE, STOP, VANISH, FADE, formable, disparate, contradistinct, dis-
DISAPPEAR. crepant, discriminate {archaic), other-
die, n. 1. dice {rare), bones {pi.; colloq.), guess {colloq.), otherwise {u^ed only predv-
devil's bones {pi.; colloq. or in obloquy), catively); —
referring to things which differ
ivories {pi.; slang); spec, demy, dispatcher from each other in some quality or attribute.
' Cross references: see Note. I
diet: food, regimen. I
diet: assembly, session.
tW See Notes of Explanation.
128
 —

DIGRESS
Most of words haue specific implicar
these pensative, dispensatory; spec, circulatory,
turns. "Different" is the most general term. circulative, effluent, centrifugal, diffu-
Antonyms: see alike, same. gient (rare), catalytic, osmotic.
2. distinct, separate, other {than), non- dig, V. t. 1. delve (archaic or literary, exc.
identical, unidentical; spec, various; not fig.), grave (rare and archaic), excavate;
implying any difference in kind or char- spec, costean, grub, dike, ditch, mine,
acter, but merely nan-identity. spade, root, rootle, spud, rout (chiefiy
Antonyms: see same. dial.), hoe, shovel, mattock, channel,
dlflerentiate, v. t. difference, specialize, quarry.
discriminate, sever; spec, disequalize, de- 2. To dig up: exhume (formal), dishumate
synonymize, despecificate. (literary and chiefly fig.), dishume (rare),
difficult, a. 1. diflScUe (archaic), hard, disinhume (rare), unbury (rare), un-
troublesome, uneath (archaic), nice, earth, delve (archaic or literary), gjnib;
tough (colloq.), uneasy (rare), stiff; spec. spec, disentomb, disinter (formal), mine.
arduous, Herculean, skillful (rare), tick- digj V. i. 1. grub.
lish, uphill, crabbed, cramp, nice, awk- 2. work (contextual), drudge; spec, study.
ward, wicked (coUoq.), knotty, spiny, "Dig" is coUo^.
thorny, laborious, painful, delicate, ob- digest, n. abridgment (contextual); spec.
scure, abstruse, mysterious, exacting, stiff, code, pandect.
labored. digestible, a. hght.
Antonyms: see east. digestion, n. decoction; spec, bradypepsia
2. See embarrassing, austere, unman- (now rare), eupepsy (rare), indigestion.
ageable. digestive, a. peptic (rare); spec, brady-
difficulty, n. 1. hardness; spec, arduous- peptic (rare), eupeptic (rare).
ness, laboriousness, niceness, delicacy, digging,
a. Referring to animals: fossorial,
obscurity, abstruseness, crabbedness. fodient (rare), burrowing, effodient (rare).
Antonyms: see ease. digging, n. 1. dig, delving or delve (archaic
2. Spec, crux, exigency, knot, nodus, per- or literary), excavation.
plexity, trouble, obstacle, dilemma, pre- 2. excavation (rare), exhumation (for-
dicament. mal), unearthing; spec, unburial (rare),
8. See OBJECTION. disinterment.
4. embarrassment; spec, complication, digit, n. Spec, finger, thumb, toe, dew-
disagreement, imbroglio. claw.
diffuse, o. 1. wide-spread, scattered, per- dignified, a. stately, grave, noble, courtly,
fuse (rare), dispersed, dissipated, dis- majestic, august, imposing, portly, grand,
seminated, dispelled, distributed, dis-
_
lofty, buskined (fig.; literary).
gregate (rare); spec. interdiSuse, effuse, Antonyms: see undignified, bufpoon-
diffusive. iss.
Antonyms: see concentrated. dignify, honor (contextual), elevate,
v. t.

2. See PROLIX. lift, spec, dub, glorify, idealize,

exalt;
dlfluse, V. t. spread, scatter, strew, dis- transform (contextual), canonize, crown,
perse, dissipate, disseminate, dispel, dis- ennoble.
tribute, disgregate (rare); spec, suffuse, Antonyms: see ababe, degrade.
interdiffuse, effuse, circulate. dignifying, a. honorific
(formal or literary;
Antonyms: see concentrate. contextual), exalting, dignificatory, ele-
dlfluse, V. t. &i. spread, scatter, strew, vatory (rare); spec, glorifymg, doxological,
disperse, dissipate, disseminate, dispel, ennobling.
distribute, dispense, dispensate (rare); dignitary, n. dignity; spec, canon, bishop,
spec, circulate, radiate, <£sject, dispreaid prelate, governor, etc.; —
implying high
(archaic), dot, dissolve, shed, evaporate, rank in office.
propagate, disgregate (rare). dignity, n. 1. worth, majesty, nobleness,
Antonyms: see concentrate. highness, nobility; spec, greatness, glory,
dlflusion, n. spreading, spread, strewing, grandeur.
dispersion, dissipation, dissemination, Antonyms: seeinsignificance.
dispelling, distribution, dispensation, dis- 2. stateliness, augustness, gravity, deco-
pensing; spec, circulation, osmose, os- rum; spec, portliness.
mosis, effluve (rare), dissolution, cosmo- Antonyms: see bupfoonert.
politanism, propagation, diffluence (rare), 3. rank, elevation, station, place, stand-
diaspora (Jewish hist.), centrifugence. ing, eminence, honor; spec, preferment,
diSuslve, a. spreading, scattering, strew- prelacy, papacy, governorship, etc.
ing, dispersive, dissipative, disseminative, 4. See dignitary.
dispelling, distributive, distributory, dis- digress, ». i. 1. See deviate.

t^° See Notes of Explanation.

129
 —

DIGRESSION
2. Referring to discourse, thotighi, etc.: de- diminution, n. diminishment, lessening)
viate, excurse (rare), divagate (rare), evar decreasing, decrement (literary), retrench-
gate {rare). ment, decrescence (literary), reduction,
digression, n. 1. See deviation. abatement; spec, shrinkage, abbreviation,
2. Referring to discourse, deviation, de- abridgment, curtailment, attenuation, del-
parture, divagation, excursion, excursus, iquescence, taper, relaxation, remission,
discursion, eobasis (rare), evagation (rare); defalcation (archaic), rebatement (rare),
spec, ecbole (rare), episode. drawback, decline, decrescendo, etc.
dike, n. 1. See channel, ditch. Antonyms: see increase, enlargement.
2. bank; spec, estacade, levee. dimness, n. dark, darkness, obscurity, etc.
Antonyms: see teench. Cf. dim, a.
dilapidated, a. decayed, decadent, ruined, Antonyms: see brightness.
run-down. din, n. noise, bruit (archaic), racket, ru-
dilapidation, n. decay, unrepair, ruin, dis- mor (archaic); spec, clamor, turmoil, hub-
integrity (rare). bub, tumult, uproar, clang, clash, crash,
Antonyms: see integrity, repaib. clatter, hullabaloo (colloq.), rumble.
dilapidative, a. disintegrative, disintegrar Antonyms: see silence.
tory, ruinous. din, V. t. ring; spec, clamor, clang, clash,
dilatable, a. swellable (rare), extensible, clatter.
distensible. dining, n. aristology (art of dining), deip-
dilatation, n. expansion, swelling, swell, nosophism (rare).
enlargement, dilation; spec, distention, dining room. Spec, ordinary (Eng.), tri-
ectasia, aneurism, diastole, varix. cUnium (Roman antiq.).
Antonyms: see conteaction. dinner, a. prandial (affected or jocose).
dilate, v. i. & t. 1. enlarge, expand, am- dinner, n. Spec, dirmerette.
plify, swell; spec, distend, dome, in- diocese, n. bishopric, bishopry, episcopate;
tumesce. spec,exarchate, eparchy, metropolitan,
Antonyms: see contract. patriarchate.
2. enlarge (in discourse). dip, V. 1. 1. immerse, plunge (suddenly), dive
diligent, a. 1. See industrious, con- (rare), immerge (rare), douse (into water),
stant. implunge (rare); spec, bathe, souse, duck,
2. assiduous, sedulous, studious; refer- ingulf or engulf (rare), pickle, baptize.
ring to actions. 2. See WET.
diluent, a. diluting, thinning; spec, solvent. 8. To remove by dipping: lade, bale, bail,
dilute, a. diluted, wishy-washy (colloq.). scoop, ladle; spec, bucket.
dilute, V. t. thin, weaken, attenuate, re- 4. bob (as a flag).
duce; spec, adulterate. dip, V. i. 1. immerse, plunge, dive; spec.
Antonyms: see condense, thicken. bathe, duck.
dim, a. 1. dark, dusky, faint, dull; spec. Antonyms: see emerge.
misty, pale, hazy, foggy, dreamy. 2. See DESCEND.
Antonyms: see bright. 3. go (into a subject, book,
etc.).
2. See dull (mentally). dip, n. 1. plunge, immersion, dive, im-
dimension, n. measure, extent, propor- mergence; spec, douse, bath, intinction,
tion (chiefly in pi.), girt. baptism.
diminish, v. t. & i. lessen, belittle, de- Antonyms: See emergence.
crease, minify (rare), minish (rare), re- 2. See descent.
bate (rare), reduce, abate (archaic), 8. bob (as of a flag).
retrench; spec, melt, minimize, narrow, diplomacy, n. 1. diplomatics (rare); spec.
contract, shrink, shrivel, dwindle, lower, kingcraft, intrigue.
taper, shorten, cut, abbreviate, abridge, 2. See TACT.
curtail, attenuate, dwarf, deliquesce, diplomatic, a. Spec, temporizing, artful,
reef, decline, remit (rare), ease. politic; see tactful, scheming.
Antonyms: see increase, enlarge, Antonyms: see awkward.
maximize. diplomatic agent, diplomatist, diplomat;
diminishing, a. diminutive (obs. and rare, spec, proxenus, charge (French), ambas-
in this sense), decrescent (literary), reduc- sador, envoy, legate, internuncio, inter-
tive; spec, contractive, dehquescent, les- nuncius, consul, ^enipotentiary, minister,
sening, decreasing, etc., decrescendo. nuncio, resident.
^ Cross references: see Note. dilettante: amateur. dingle: valley.
digressive: discursive. diligence: application. dingle, r. dt n.: ring.
dike, V. t.: ditch, drain, bank. diluTlum: deposit, drift. dint: indent.
dilatory: slow. dim-eyed: blear, dire: threatening.
dJlemma: predicaTTient ding: dash.
J^" See Notes of Explanation.
130
 DISAGREEING
direct, a. 1. See straight, immediate. dirty, V. t. defile, foul, soil, sully (chiefly
2. straightforwaxd, dunatable (ob«. or lit- (rare); spec, grime, pollute,
fig.), filthify
erary), downright, upright, flat, plump; dust, muddy, mire,colly (archaic or dial.),
spec, pointed, irank, honest, sincere, ex- begrime, slobber (chiefly dial.), tar, be-
press, unequivocal, dead. draggle.
Aniimyms: see ambiguous, indirect, Antonyms: see clean, purify.
WANDERING. dirtying, n. defilement, fouling, soiling, etc.
8. Referring to descent: lineal. dis-. The prefix "dis-" has jisuMy a
direct, V. t. 1. address (o klter, remarks, stronger force than the prefixes "un-" and
etc.), destine (contextxial). "inr-"; as in "unrelated," "disrelated" ; "u?t-
2. aim, point, head, address, turn, bend, satisfied," "dissatisfied"; "inability," "dis-
determine; spec, guide, con (naut.), in- ability," etc.
cline, dispose, level, shape, present, mo- disability, n. 1. Referring to the condition:
tion, intend (a Latinism), dart, guide, inabiUty, incapacity, disablement; spec.
lead, steer, run, push, etc. disqualification, incompetence, superan-
8. <See BID, MANAGE, CONTROL, REFER {one nuation, unfitness.
to a person, to a place in a hook, etc.). Antonyms: see ability.
dlrectable, a. aimable, tumable, determin- 2. Referring to a defect: incapacity, crip-
able; spec, guidable, leadable, steerable, plehood (rare), crippleness (rare), cripple-
dirigible. dom (rare), lameness (chiefly spec); spec.
direction, n. 1. addressing, address. palsy, paralysis, impotence, handicap, su-
2. aim, aiming, pointing, addressing, perannuation.
turning, turn, determination: spec, bent, Antonyms: see ability.
leading, guidance, steering, bearing, in- disable, v. t. 1. incapacitate, discapacitate
clination, intention (rare). (rare), disenable; spec, disqualify, imfit.
8. See BIDDING, CONTROL, REFERENCE (oS Antonyms: see enable.
in "reference to a person, book," etc.). 2. incapacitate, cripple, becripple (interim
4. conduct, control, disposal, disposition; sive), lame (chiefly spec); spec, palsy,
spec, command. paralyze, dishabilitate (Scots law), dis-
6. way, road (chiefly spec), course, run, empower (rare), gravel, silence, founder,
bearing, point; spec, quarter, side, sense, dry-founder, hamstring, disarm, hock,
lead, east, west, north, south, etc., trend.hough.
directly, adv. 1. Spec, straight, exactly, disabled, a. incapacitated, crippled,
lineally, immediately, soon. lamed, lame, halt (literary or dignified),
2. straightforwardly, downrightly, etc.,halting; spec, palsied, superannuate, hoof-
plump, plumply, flatly, etc. bound, foundered, groggy (collog), hors
dirge, n. monody (Greek literature), coron- de combat (French), ^ame.
ach (Scot. & Irish), threnody, requiem disadvantage, n. 1. mconvenience, dis-
(chiefly poetic), elegy; spec, myriologue commodity, disinterest (rare); spec, hin-
(rare), office (for the dead). drance, drawback, check, disservice,
dlrleible, a. dlrectable, navigable. penalty.
dirt, n. 1. Spec, filth, grime, clart (dial.), Antonyms: see advantage, good.
mire, muck, fouling, mud, sludge, dust, 2. See LOSS.
impurity, etc. disadvantageous, a. inconvenient, awk-
2. See EARTH. ward, discommodious; spec, unfavorable,
8. Spec, meanness, sordidness, obscenity, harmful.
nastiness. Antonyms: see advantageous.
dirt eating, geophagy. disaflorest, v. t. deforest (law or forestry),
dirtied, a. demea, polluted, pollute, fouled. disforest, diswood (rare), deafforest (rare).
dirtiness, n. Spec, filthiness, filth, foul- disagree, v. i. differ (contextiud), dissent,
ness, etc. clash, conflict; spec, quarrel, dispute.
ArUonyms: see puritt. Antonyms: see agree, conspire, corre-
dirty, a. 1. Spec, grimy, filthy, foul, clart spond.
or clarty (dial.), unclean, uncleanly, im- disagreeable, a. unpleasant; spec, nasty
pure (rare), miry, muddy, mucky, nasty, (colloq. in U. S.), cantankerous, hateful,
vile, soily, cindery, grubby; see filthy, offensive.
FOUL. Antonyms: see agreeable, ajffbctionate.
Antonyms: clean, spotless.
see disagreeing, a. 1. different, oonflictory, in-
2. See DISCREDITABLE, MEAN, INDECENT, congruent, incongruous, inaccordant, dis-
STORMY. cordant, jarring, clashing, contradictory,
^f Cross references: see Note. disaflect: alienate, displease. disafflrmance: denial.
dfsadvise: discourage. disafiBrm: deny. disagreeable: unpleasant.

tW See Notes of EzplanatioD.

131
 —— — ——
DISAGREEMENT
contrary, repugnant, divided {as persons), Antonyms: see blind.
factious, inconsonant, discrepant. discernment, n. 1. See distinction, dis-
2. See DISSENTIENT. covery, perception.
•^" The word "disagreeing" is seldom used discrimination, sagacity, shrewdness,
2.
adjectively. acumen,sharpness, brightness, depth,
disagreement, n. 1. difference, disunity, perspicacity, insight, perspicaciousness
discord, disunion, clashing. {rare), astuteness, keenness, longheaded-
Antonyms: see secession. ness, sharpness, judiciousness {often
2. conflict, division, incongruence, incon- spec); spec, discretion, tact, judgment.
gruousness, inaccordance, inaccordancy Antonyms: see stupidity.
(rare), contrariety, discord, discordance, discliarge, v. t. 1. See unload.
discordancy, opposition, variance, divi- 2. shoot, fire; spec volley, empty, play;
sion, clash, difficulty; see dissension. in reference to a bow, gun, hose, etc.
Antonyms: see agreement, conspiracy. Antonyms: see load.
3. See difference, dispute, quarrel. 3. project, expel, shoot, fire, throw; spec.
disappear, v. i. 1. vanish, evanish {em- dehver, play; in reference to missiles.
phatic; literary), die {used mth "away," 4. dismiss, cashier, discard, remove, sack
"out," or "down"), evanesce, sink, go; {slang), bounce {slang, U. S.), dispost
spec, melt, dry, dive, dissolve {often with (rare), kick {used with "out"; colloq.), de^
"into"), fly {with "away"). pose {chiefly spec); spec, disemploy {rare),
Antonyms: see appear. retire, demit {archaic), degrade, displace,
2. See EECAT, END. expel, break {colloq.).
disappearance, n. 1. vanishment {rare), Antonyms: see hire, appoint.
vanishing, evanescence, evanishment 5. See FREE {as from obligation, confine-
{rare), dissolution, evanition {rare). ment, etc), acquit, PERFORM, PAY, SAT-
Antonyms: see appearance. ISFY, DEFRAY, EMIT. EXPEL, EXCRETE.
2. See obsolescence. 6. diselectrify {rare).
disappearing, a. vanishing, evanescent, discharge, v. i. 1. See unload.
etc.; see obsolescent. 2. Referring to a stream: disembogue,
disarm, v. t. unarm, disvreapon {rare); spec. empty, fall.
diswhip {rare), dismail {archaic), dishelm, 3. Referring to a sore, etc.: nm, flow; spec.
unsting {rare). gleet.
Antonyms: see arm. discharge, n. 1. unloading.
disarrange, disorder, disturb, de-
v. t. 1. 2. shooting, firing, fire; spec play; in
range, disarray {chiefly mil.), dislocate, dis- reference to a bow, gun, etc
compose {obs.); spec, confuse, topsy-turvy 3. projection, expulsion, firing, shooting;
{rare), topsy - turvyf y {rare; humorous), spec, play, delivery, round, rafale
muss {U. S.; often usedwUh "up"), jumble, {French), burst, salvo, salute, fusillade,
ruffle, dishevel, rumple, rummage {often volley; in reference to missiles.
usedvnth "over"), break, unsettle, tumble. 4. dismissal, remove {rare), cashierment
Antonyms: see arrange, adjust, tidy. {rare), discardment {rare), bounce {slang,
2. See disconcert. U. S.), sack {slang), removal, deposition
disarranged, a. topsy-turvy, hugger- {chiefly spec); spec disemployment {rare),
mugger, discomposed, etc. demission {archaic), degradation, dis-
disbelief, n. discredit, unbeUef; spec, in- placement, expulsion, cong6 {French), des-
fideUty, agnosticism, heresy. titution {archaic).
disbelieve, v. t. discredit, miscredit {rare); 5. See ACQUITTAL, ACQUITTANCE, PER-
spec, doubt, reject. FORMANCE, PAYMENT, SATISFACTION, AN-
discerning, a. bright, discriminating, dis- NULMENT, DEFRAYAL, EMISSION, EXPUL-
criminative, nice, discriminant {rare), SION, EXCRETION, FREEING {as from obli-
clear-headed, subtle, acute, sharp, long- gation, confinement, etc.).
headed, percipient {rare), clear-sighted, 6. outflow, run-off, disemboguement, emp-
long-sighted, perspicacious, deep, saga- tying; referring to flowing waters, etc.
cious, keen, astute, piercing, judicious 7. Referring to a sore, etc.: flow, flux, issue;
{often spec), eagle-eyed, Argus-eyed {fig.); spec, profluvium, defluxion, rheum, lochia,
spec, discreet, searching. ichor, gleet.

K^= Cross references: see Note. disastrous: unfortunate. disbeliever: infidel.

disallow: d&ny, reject, refuse. disavow: disclaim. disbench: abase, degrade.
disannul: invalidate. disband: scatter. disburden: free, unload.
disappoint: deaert, defeat. disbandment: dispersal. disburse: expend.
disapprove: condemn, reject. disbar: degrade. discard: reject, abandon, disuse.
disarray: disarrange, undress. disbarlc: decorticate. discern: distinguish, discover.
disaster: misfortune. disbelief: unbelief.

IW See Notes of Explanation.

132
 —

DISCORDANCE
disciform, a. circular, discoidal, discoid, ment, demoralization,. disconcertion, dis-
rotate. concertedness.
disciple, n. adherent {contextual), co- discomfort, v. t. distress; spec, annoy,
follower, sectary (rare), seotator (rare), embarrass, pain, grieve.
progeny {collective pi.; fig.); spec, chela Antonyms: see comfort.
(Hinduism), evangelist, apostle. discomfort, n. uneasiness, distress; spec.
disciplinarian, n. martinet. malaise (French), disease (obs.); see an-
disciplinary, a. Spec, penitentiary. noyance, embarrassment, pain, grief.
discipline, n. 1. See training, art, or- Antonyms: see comfort, well-being.
der, PUNISHMENT. disconcert, v. t. I. Referring to plans, etc.:
2. control (not a good synonym), govern- disarrange, upset,, disturb.
ment. 2. Referring to persons: disturb, upset,
discipline, v. t. 1. tutor. demorahze, unbalance, faze (coUoq.); see
2. See TRAIN, PUNISH, WHIP. abash, confuse, embakrass, discomfit.
disclaim, v. t. deny, renounce, repudiate, Antonyms: see assure.
disovyn, disavow, disacknowledge (rare); disconcertedness, n. disarrangement, up-
spec, abjure. set (colloq.), demoralization, disconcer-
Antonyms: see claim, avow. tion; spec, abashment, confusion, embar-
disclaimer, n. denial, abjuration, re- rassment, discomfiture.
nunciation, repudiation, disowning, dis- Antonyms: see assurance.
avowal, disclamation (rare), disownment, disconnect, v. t. detach, separate, dis-
disacknowledgment (rare); spec, abjura- unite, disjoin, disjoint, dissociate, im-
tion. combine (rare); spec, sever, uncouple, dis-
Antonyms: see claim. engage, dislink.
disclose, v. t. 1. See uncover. Antonyms: see connect, join.
2. show, reveal, divulge, exhibit, expose, disconsolate, a. 1. Spec, inconsolable,
uncover, discover (archaic), bare, unveil, comfortless; see hopeless, sad.
display, parade, flaunt, manifest, evince 2. See depressing.
(by some sign or token), betray^ bewray discontent, n. I. discontentedness^ dis-
(archaic), publish, tell, blab, whisper, de- contentment, miscontent (rare), miscon-
clare, meld (cords), spill, demonstrate, tentment (rare), malcontentment (rare),
uncloak, unburden, unbundle (rare), malcontent (rare), dissatisfaction, dissat-
speak, confess, unshroud, unfold, uncur- isfiedness, heartburn (fig.); see longing.
tain, develop, uncase, divulgate (literary), Antonyms: see satisfaction.
unearth, open, discloud, blow (now 2. discontentee (obs.), malcontent (the
slang), evulgate (rare), communicate; usual word in this sense).
all having more or less specific senses. discontented, a. discontent, uncontented,
Antonyms: see hide. discontentful (archaic), miscontent (ar-
disclosing, a. exhibitory, manifestive, ex- chaic), malcontent, dissatisfied; spec.
positive, revelative, revelatory, evincive. weary.
disclosure, n. 1. Spec, uncovering. Antonyms: see satisfied.
2. show, showing, revelation, reveal discontinuous, a. incontinuous (rare),
(rare), revealment, uncovering, discovery broken, discrete, disjunct (rare), discon-
(archaic), unveiling, baring, unfolding, nected, interrupted; see intermittent,
development, exhibition, exposure, ex- recurrent, inconsequent.
posal, expos^ (French), display, parade, Antonyms: see continuous.
flaunt, flaunting, manifestation, monstra- discontinuousness, n. discontinuity,
tion, evincement, divulgement, divulga^ brokenness, discreteness, discretion (rare),
tion (literary), divulgence, betrayal, be- disjunction (rare), disconnectedness, etc.
wraj^aJ (archaic), apocalypse (rare), pub- discord, n. 1. See disagreement, dis-
lication, teUing, blabbing, whispering, pute, QUARREL, dissension, UPROAR.
whisper, declaration, etc.; all more or— 2. Referring to sound: discordance, dis-
in meaning.
less specific cordancy, dissonance, disharmony, jar
Antonyms: see hiding. (rare), cacophony (chiefly music or pedan-
discomfit, V. t. 1. See defeat. tic), jangle; spec. wolf.

2. embarrass, disconcert, confound, con- Antonyms: see harmony.

fuse, abash, demoralize; spec, squelch discordance, n. 1. See disagreement,
(coUoq. or slimg). difference, discord.
discomfiture, n. 1. See defeat. 2. harshness, cacophony (chiefly miisic or
2. embarrassment, confusion, abash- pedantic), dissonance, discordancy.

f^' Cross references; see Note. discommode: tnconvemence. discontent, v. t.: displease.
discolor, V. t.: color, stain. discompose: agitate. discontent, a.: discontented.

tS' See Notes of Explanation.

10 133
 DISCORDANT
Antonyms: see hakmont, melody. able, calculatable, reperible (rore), find-
discordant, a. 1. See disagreeing, dif- able, sensible, etc.
ferent, DISPUTATIOUS, QUARRELSOME, discovery, n. 1. ascertainment, invention
CLASHING. (archaic), detection, discernment; spec.
2. harsh, dissonant, inharmonious, in- distinction, distinguishment, determina-
consonant, unsweet (rare), disharmonic tion, finding, calcmation, descrial, espial,
{rare), cacophonous (chiefly music or spying, sighting, hearing, feeling, sensing,
pedantic), untunable (rare), rough, jar- learning, strike, striking, hitting, un-
ring, jangUng, jangly (rare), rude, clash- earthing, mare's nest (humorous), find
ing, ragged. (colloq.).
Antonyms: see agreeing, harmonious, 2. Spec, uncovering.
MELODIOUS. discredit, n. 1. disrepute, disparagement,
discourage, v. t. 1. depress, dishearten, disesteem, disrespect, misesteem, dis-
dismay; spec, unman (a man). honor, disgrace, shame, scandal, igno-
Antonyms: see cheer, encourage, em- miny, disfavor, infamy, obloquy, con-
bolden. tumely, contempt, attaint, opprobrium,
8. See restrain. reproach, odium. Most of these synonyms
3. discountenance, disfavor; spec, disad- have specific implications.
vise, dissuade (rare), dehort (rare); in — Antonyms: see honor.
a proposed actum.
reference to 2. Referring to that which brings dises-
Antonyms: see favor. teem, etc.: disgrace, dishonor, blot,
discouTagement, n. 1. depression, dis- smirch, stain, reproach, etc.
heartening, disheartenment, dismay. Antonyms: see honor.
Antonyms: cheer.
see 3. See disbelief.
2. Referring to thai which discourages: discredit, v. i. 1. disparage, dishonor, dis-
damper, deterrent, wet blanket (coUog.). grace, shame, scandalize, stigmatize, at-
3. discountenance, disfavor; spec, disad- taint, stain, defame (archaic), impeach,
visement, dissuasion (rare), dishortation derogate (rore or obs.), depreciate^ com-
(rare). promise, infamize (rare), blot, infame
discouraging, a. 1. See depressing. (archaic), dispraise (rare), disfame (rare),
2. discountenancing, disfavoring; spec. endamage (rare), degrade, smirch. Most
dissuasive (rare), dehortative (rare), de- of these synonyms have specific implica-
hortatory (rare). tions.
discourse, n. 1. See conversation, Antonyms: see confirm, honor, flat-
TALK. ter.
2. composition, exercitation, dissertation, 2. ^ee DISBELIEVE.
disquisition, preachment, peroration discreditable, a. disreputable, disrespect-
(rare), descant (literary), rhesis (rare), able, dishonorable, unworthy, derogatory,
lucubration (often derogatory); spec, the- derogative, disgraceful, degrading, shame-
sis, treatise, homily, eulogy, colloquy, ex- ful, mglorious, scandalous, ignoble, dis-
hortation, address, soliloquy, recital, honest (archaic), ignominious, infamous,
sermon. contumelious, opprobrious, foul, re-
discourse, v. i. dissertate (formal), dissert proachful, odious, unworshipful (rare),
(rare), lucubrate (often derogatory); spec. indign (rare), dirty. Most of these syno-
speak, write, treat, yarn (collog.), sermon- nyms have specific implications.
ize; see discuss. Antonyms: see honorable.
discover, v. t. 1. ascertain, spot (slang), in- discursive, a. 1. See wandering.
vent (rare), detect, discern, find, get; 2. digressive, rambUng, wandering, desul-
spec, distinguish, calculate, descry, espy, tory, touch-and-go (colloq.), cursory, un-
spy, sight, hear, feel, sense, learn, strike, connected, vague, loose, excursive (rare).
determine, unearth, smell, catch, evaluate, Antonyms: see concise.
canvass, sift. discuss, V. t. & i. debate (to discuss for-
2. iSee UNCOVER. mally), discourse (v. i.; contextual), talk
discoverable, a. ascertainable, determin- (collog.), canvass, treat, coniabble (illiter-
able, detectable, discernible, distinguish- ate or colloq.); spec, reason, dialogize (with

^= Cross r^erences; see Note. discourtesy: discriminate: differentiate,

discount, v. t: buy. discreet: judicious, prudent. distinguish.
discount, n.: deduction, interest. discrepant: disagreeing, dif- discriminating: discerning,
discountenance: abash, con- ferent. delicate, nice.
demn, discourage. ^screte: discontinuous, sep- discrimination: distinction,
discourse, v. t.: narrate, dis- arate, distinct. discernment, delicacy, nicety.
cuss, speak. discretion: decision, choice, dlsorlminatlve: nice, distinc-
discourteous: impolite. will, prudence. tive, discerning.

t^* See Notes of Explanation.

134
 —

DISHONESTY
another), argue, sift, ventilate {»o as to scuring by a false or courUerfeit appear
jnake public), criticize, critique, review, ance, the words mostly hamng specific inv-
dispute, agitate, moot. plications am^gested by their literal senses.
discussion, n. debate (Jormal discusdon), disguise, n. concealment, cover, cloak,
canvass, treatment, parlance (archaic), mask {spec, or fi/g.), veil, dissemblance,
parle {archaic), parley {archaic), d6mel6 dissimulation, veneer, color, shroud, muf-
{French); spec, agitation, argument, ven- fler, masquerade {spec, or fig.); mostly —
tilation, pilpul, dialogism, excursus, dis- having specific implications.
putation, review. disguised, a. feigned, cloaked, masked,
disease, n. i. ailment, malady, disorder, veiled, hidden, incogmta {Jem.), incognito
sickness, distemperature {rare)^ ill {liter- {masc).
ary), complaint, distemper, misaffection disgust, n. 1. distaste {contextual), nausea,
{rare), evU. {obs. or archaic, exc. in loathing.
phrases); sj)ec. pest, infection, contagion, Antonyms: see pleasure.
dyscrasia, intemperies (rare), idiopathy, 2. dislike {contextual), aversion {context-
pestilence, plague, oacoethes, deuterop- ual), abhorrence, repugnance, abomina-
athy^ decline, epizootic, epizooty, en- tion, loathing, displeasure {rare).
zootic. ArUonyms: see appetite.
Antonyms: see remedy. disgust, V. 1. 1. displease {contextual), sick-
S. See tJNHEALTH. en, nauseate, revolt {a contextiud sense).
disease, v. t. disorder, indispose {chiefly in Antonyms: see please, entice.
p. p., "indisposed"), distemper, affect; 2. See repel.
spec, infect. disgusting, a. 1. displeasing {contextual),
Antonyms: cuke, disinfect.
see distasteful {contextuid), nauseating, nau-
diseased, a. aUing {contextiud), ill, sick, seous, loathly {literary), loathful {now
distempered, sickly, unsound, unwell, rare), loathsome, sickening, foul, revolt-
dyscrasic {rare), affected; spec, sickish. ing, repulsive.
disembark, v. i. &
i. landj debark. Antonyms: see pleasant.
disembarrass, v. t. relieve, debarrass 2. abominable, revolting, foul, repulsive,
{rare). shocking, hateful, repugnant, abhorrent,
Antonyms: see embarrass. odious.
disembodied, a. incorporeal, unbodied Antonyms: see attractive.
{rare), disincarnate (rare). dish, n. vessel {contextual); spec, crock,
Antonyms: see material. plate, platter, bowl, cup, saucer, tureen,
disembowel, v. t. eviscerate, embowel pitcher, tray, doubler {large; obs. or dial.),
{literary), disbowel {rare), bowel {rare), plat {French), epergne, bonbonnifire
gut {tech. or vulgar), viscerate (rare), de- {French), skillet, saucepan, spider, cas-
viscerate {rare), exenterate {rare, exc. fig.); serole, pan, gravy boat, tumbler, goblet,
spec, paunch, gib, draw, gill {rare), caraffe, etc.
grallocn. dishevel, v. t. disorder, touse, tumble,
disenchant, v. t. disencharm (rare), disil- tousle, ruflHe, muss.
lusion, un witch (rare), disentrance. disheveled, a. disordered, tously, tousled,
Antonyms: see bewitch. unkempt, tumbled, mussy.
disentangle, v. t. disengage, untangle, Antonyms: see dishevel.
ravel, unravel, disentrammel {rare), un- dishonest, a. untrustworthy {contextual),
twine, elaqueate {rare), clear, disinvolve crooked, faithless, false; spec, corrupt,
{rare); spec, comb, tease. sinister,knavish, fraudulent, deceitful,
Antonyms: see entangle. disingenuous, sUppery, perfidious, treach-
disfavor, n. 1. Spec, dislike, condemna- erous.
tion, discredit, displeasure, discourage- Antonyms: see honest, conscientious,
ment. virtuous.
2. See UNKINDNESS. dishonesty, n. untrustworthiness (context-
disguise, hide, conceal, cover, cloak,
V. t. ual), crookedness, faithlessness, falsity,
clothe, veil, dissemble {usually im-
mask, improbitjr (rare), falsehood; spec, knav-
plying evil intent), dissimulate {usually ery, knavishness, fraud, fraudulence, per-
implying evil intent), veneer (fl^.), color, fidiousness, perfidy, treachery, corruption.
shroud, muflBe; implying a hiding or ob- Antonyms: see honesty, virtue.
^^ Cross references: see Note. disfavor, t: dislike, con-
v. disgrace: discredit, abase, de-
disdain, n.: contempt. demn, discourage. grade.
disdain, V. t.: deapiee. disfigure: deface, deform. disgraceful: discreditable.
disenthrall: free. disfurnish: strip, dismantle. disgruntle: displease.
dlsenthrone: depoae. disgorge: vomit, eject, relin- disli, V. t.: serve, ruin, hollow.
quish. dishabille: undress.

IW See Notes of Explanation.

135
 DISINCLINATION
disinclination, n. indisposition, indis- favor, loathe, detest, abhor, abominate,
posedness; spec, unwillingness, reluctance, hate, misUke (literary), resent, lump
reluctancy, grudgingness, aversion, dis- (slang or vulgar). See dislike, n., above.
like, distaste, disaffection. Antonyms: see like, enjoy.
Antonyms: see inclination. disliked, a. Spec, detested, hated, loathed,
disinfect, v. t. sanitize, sanitate, sterilize; abhorred, despised, contemned.
STpee. fumigate, listerize, asepticize, steam, Antonyms: see beloved.
cauterize. dislocate, v. t.displace, disjoint; spec.
1.
Antonyms: see disease, poison. (referring to bones) luxate, sUp, disarticu-
disingenuous, a. artful, deceitful. late, exarticulate (rare), splay.
disinherit, v. t. disown, exheredate (rare). 2. See DISARBANGE, DISORGANIZE.
disinheritance, n. disowning, exhereda- dislocated, a. shotten.
tion (rare), disherison (tech. or literary), dislodge, v. t. 1. displace, dispel, unlodge
disinherison (rare), disownment. (rare); spec, imrest (rare), dismount, im-
disintegrate, v. t. & i. decompose, resolve nest.
(rare); spec, dissolve, analyze, crumble, Antonyms: see deposit, pix.
crumb, decay, weather, disgregate, dif- 2. remove, expel; spec, imcamp (rare),
fuse. eject.
Antonyms: see compose. dismantle, v. t. 1. See strip.
disintegration, n. decomposition, reso- 2. unfurnish, strip, disfumish; spec, im-
lution (rare), analysis, etc. rig, dismast.
disinter, v. t. dig (contextual), dishume, un- Antonyms: see equip.
bury, exhume, unearth, disinhume; spec. 3. destroy (contextual); spec, raze, disem-
disentomb, uncharnel (rare). battle.
Antonyms: see bury. dismay, v. t. 1. discourage (contextual),
disinterment, n. digging (contextual), ex- appall, daunt.
humation; spec, disentombment. Antonyms: see assure.
Antonyms: see BtmiAii. 2. See FRIGHTEN.
disjoint, v. t. 1. joint; spec, break. dismay, n. discouragement, consterna-
2. See DISUNITE, DISCONNECT, DISLOCATE. tion.
disk, n. circle; spec, saucer, button, squail, dismember, v. t. 1. disjoint, disUmb (rare),
paten, roundel, roundlet, sabot, flan, hmb (rare), piecemeal (rare); spec, joint.
discus, quoit (class antiq.), umbrella 2. See mutilate.
(zool.). dismiss, v. t. 1. To send away: spec, dis-
disk-shaped, a. placentoid (tech.; rare). solve, disperse.
dislike, n. 1. Spec, disfavor, antipathy, Antonyms: see recall.
aversion, distaste, disrelish, disgust, re- 2. See DISCHARGE.
pugnance, repulsion, displeasure, objec- 3. To put away, as out of consideration:
tion, disinclination, dyspathy, mislikmg, spec, scout.
detestation, abhorrence, abommation, un- dismount, v. i. alight, descend.
friendliness, ill-will, disaffection, dislove dismount, v. i. 1. See displace, dislodge.
(nonce ward), hostility, enmity, dispeace 2. Spec, unhorse, dishorse.
(rare), animosity, hate, hatred, malevo- disobedience, n. nonobedience, disobeyaJ,
lence, malice, spite (dbs. or dial.). The mutiny (chiefly spec), noncompliance
words from "dislike" to "abomination" re- noncompliancy, disregard; spec, insubor-
fer espedally to an emotion or feeling dination, recalcitrance, contumacy, re-
prompting avoidance and aroused by con- cusancy, recusance, undutifulness, re-
tact with, or experience of, the object in bellion, indiscipline, defiance, unruhness,
question; the words from "unfriendliness" waywardness, frowardness (archaic).
to "malevolence" refer especially to the emo- Antonyms: see obedience.
tion, feeling, or attitude aroused by some disobedient, n. nonobedient, mutinous
more intimate relation involving self-inter- (chiefly spec), noncompliant, disregard-
est. "Dislike" is the broadest term, apply- ful; spec, insubordinate, contumacious,
ing to any degree of emotion. recalcitrant, recusant, undutiful, rebel-
Antonyms: see appection, enjoyment, lious, unsubmissive (rare), rebel, froward
LIKING. (archaic), unruly, wayward, defiant.
2. See UNWILLINGNESS, OPPOSITION. Antonyms: see obedient, complaisant,
dislike, v. t. Spec, distaste, disrelish, dis- compliant.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. disjoin: disunite, disconnect. moval, expulsion.
disincline: indispose. disjoint: disunite, disconnect, disloyal: unfaithfid.
disinclined; opposed, unwill' dislocate. dismal: depressing, depressed,
ing.' dislodgment: displacement, re- cheerless.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

136
 — — —
DISPOSITION
disobey, v. t. 1. Spec, ignore, defy; in Antonyms: see compliment, praise.
reference to persons. disparaging, a. depreciatory, deprecia-
2. transgress, disregard, ignore; inrejer- tive, calumnious, calumniatory, detrac-
ence commands.
to tive, sUghting, derogatory, Ught, viUfi-
Antonyms: see obey. catory, pejorative (rare or spec); spec.
disorder, n. 1. disarrangement, misar- slanderous, hbelous.
rangement, deray (archaic), misorder Antonyms: see laudatory.
(rare), disarray; spec, confusion, topsy- dispel, V. t. 1. See scatter, dislodge.
turvy, irregularity, litter, jumble, mud- 2. dissipate, banish, resolve, scatter, ex-
dle, mess, deordination (rare), entangle- pel, remove, disperse; in reference to
ment, tangle, dishevehnent, muss (U. S.) doubts, fears, etc.
Antonyms: see ahrangement. disperse, v. i. scatter; spec, diffuse, dis-
2. See DI8TUKBANCB, DERANGEMENT, DIS- solve, disband.
ORGANIZATION, DISEASE, AILMENT. Antonyms: see convene, gather.
disorderly, a. t. Spec, irregular, im- displace, v. t. 1. move (contextual), re-
methodical, messy (coUoq.), untidy, order- move, translocate (rare), unplace (rare);
less, unsystematic, hugger-mugger, cha^ spec, remove, disjoint, spring, start, shift,
otic. slip, dislodge, unseat, disseat (chiefly fi^.),
Antonyms: see obderlt. misplace, disroot, dismount, dislocate,
2. irregular,lawless; spec, riotous, rourfi, disturb, fault, unship, disorb (rare), dis-
anarchic, turbulent, tumultuous, rowdy, nest, disniche.
rowdyish, topsy-turvy, rough-and-tum- Antonyms: see fix, replace.
mobbish, tumultuous.
ble, 2. See replace, discharge.
Antonyms: see law-abidino. displacement, n. 1. moving, removal,
disorganization, n. disarrangement, dis- translocation (rare), unplacement (rare);
ruption, disorder, derangement; spec, de- spec, disjointure (rare), start, shift, slip,
moralization, dislocation. dislodgment, unseating, dislocation, dis-
Antonyms: see organization. turbance, leap, fault, unshipment, dis-
disorganize, v. t. disarrange, disorder, de- mounting, heterotopy (tech.), parallax.
range, upset, disrupt; spec. demoraUze, Antonyms: see fixation, replacement.
dislocate, demobilize. 2. See replacement, discharge.
Antonyms: see organize. 8. conduct, administration, direction.
disparage, v. i. 1. See discredit. 4. transfer; spec, bestowal, gift, sale.
2. depreciate, asperse, decry, defame, displease, v. t. disgruntle (cdloq.), dissat-
traduce, belie (archaic or rare), calumni- isfy, disaffect, discontent, mislike; spec.
ate, scandalize (rare), blackmouth (rare), disgust, offend, anger, annoy.
denigrate (literary), blacken, detract Antonyms: see please.
(rare), mince (rare), diminish (archaic), displeasure, n. dissatisfaction, disaffec-
lessen (archaic), disconsider (rare), dis- tion; spec, annoyance, anger, offense, dis-
prize (obs. or archaic), derogate (archaic gust.
or obs.), dehonestate (rare); spec, bedaub, Antonyms: see pleasure.
belittle, minimize, vilify, underpraise, disport, V. i. play, sport, merrymake (chiefly
backbite, slur, slander, libel. in p. pr.), shrove (rare); spec, rant, froUc.
Antonyms: see compliment, praise, dispose, V. t. 1. See arrange, adjust, in-
ENNOBLE. cline.
disparagement, n. 1. See discredit. 2. appoint, direct.
2. depreciation, decrial, defamation, as- disposed, a. inclined, prone, minded, pro-
persion, reflection, traduction, scandali- pense (rare), affectioned (archaic), inclin-
zation, calumny, calumniation, denigra- ing, ready, tending; spec, apt, addicted.
tion (literary), blackening, detraction, "Disposed," "apt," "inclined," and "tend-
diminution (rare), disconsi deration (rare), ing" are also used of physical objects.
derogation; spec, dehonestation (rare), Antonyms: see unwilling, opposed,
dispraise, blasphemy, vilification, slur- averse.
ring, backbiting, slander, hbel. disposition, n. 1. See arrangement, ad-

tW Cross references: see Note. impassioned. dispensation: distribution, dif-

disorder, v. i.: disarrange, con- dispatch, V. t.: send, kill, ex- fusion, {excuse.
fuse, derange, disorganize, dis- pedite, accomplish. dispense: distribute administer,
ease. dlspatcli, V. i.: hasten, disperse, v. t.: scatter, diffuse,
disown: disclaim, disinherit. dispatch, n.: sending, killing, distribute, dispel.
disparate: unequal, different. expedition, haste, message. dispirit: depress.
disparity: inequality, differ- dispensable: unnecessary. display, v. t: unfold, show, dis-
ence, disproportion. dispensate: distribute, admin- close, [disclosure.
dispassionate: impartial, un- ister. display, n.: unfolding, show.

i3^ See Notes of Explanation.

137
 DISPOSSESS
JUSTMENT, CLASSIFICATION, APPOINT- disceptation (rare); spec, debate, argu-
MENT, CONDUCT, DIRECTION, STATE (o/ ment.
affairs, etc.). 2. contention, contest, difference, dis-
2. constitution, temperament, temper, agreement, discord; spec, quarrel, jangle,
humor, spirit, nature, birth, mood, turn, dissension, jar, strife, snarl (colloq.),
vein, frame, stomach {fig.), conditions wrangle, squabble, bicker, brawl, brabble
(archaic; pi.), cue, grain. (archaic), spat (colloq.), tiff, bickerment
3. inclination, inclining, tendency, dis- (rare), impugnation (rare), impugnment
posedness (rare), affection (rare), prone- polemic.
(rare),
ness, propensity, aptitude, inclining, bent; 3. Spec, issue.
apec. fancy, notion. disqualification, n. disablement, disabil-
4. Spec, transfer, bestowal, gift, sale. ity; spec, superannuation, minority, sex,
dispossess, v. t. remove, forjudge (archaic insanity, etc.
or law), expropriate (chiefly spec.); spec. Antonyms: see qualification.
disseize; see eject. disqualify, v. t. disable; spec, superannu-
disproof, n. refutation, confutation, con- ate, unfit.
futement (rare), disprovement (rare), re- Antonyms: see qualify.
butter, rebuttal, rebutment (rare), redar- disregard, v. t. ignore, neglect, overlook
gution (chiefly Scot, or law). (rare or spec), pretermit (rare); spec, dis-
Antonyms: see proof. semble, disobey, slight, defy.
disproportion, n. misproportion, dispar- Antonyms: see observe, attend, con-
ity, incommensurability, incommensu- sider, mention, emphasize.
rableness, incommensurateness; spec. disregard, n. ignoration (rare), inatten-
asymmetry. tion, neglect, dissembling, pretention
Antonyms: see proportion. (rare), pretermission (rare); spec, oblivion,
disproportionate, n. unproportionate, disobedience, slight, defiance, heedless-
disparate, incommensurable, incommens- ness, unheeding.
urate. Antonyms: see observance, atten-
Antonyms: see proportionate. tion, emphasis, consideration.
disprove, v. t. refute, confute, rebut, nega- disregardful, a. neglectful, inattentive,
tive, redargue (chiefly Scot, or law), con- disregardant; spec, deaf, blind, careless,
vict (archaic). heedless, oblivious, disobedient, slighting,
Antonyms: see prove, confirm, verify. defiant.
disputable, a. controvertible, cjuestion- Antonyms: see attentive.
able, debatable, discussible, disputant; disrepair, n. decay, impairment, unrepair,
spec, litigable. irrepair (rare).
Antonyms: see unquestionable. Antonyms: see repair.
disputant, n. disputer, contestant (con- disrespect, n. 1. See discredit, incivility.
textual), contender (contextual), contro- 2. disesteem, misesteem; spec, irrever-
versialist, controverter, controvertist; ence, contempt, disdain, etc.; referring to —
spec, debater, j angler,* dialogist, dialectic, the attitude of mind.
pilpulist, polemic. Antonyms: see esteem.
disputatious, a. 1. Spec, controversial, cap- disrespect, v. t. disesteem; spec, despise,
tious, disputative, contradictious, polemic. loathe, abhor, abominate.
2. contentious, discordant, disputative, Antonyms: see esteem.
bickering, strifeful, jarring, quarrelsome, disrespectful, a. irrespectful (rare); spec.
dissentious. irreverent, contemptuous, impolite,
Antonyms: see agreeing, complaisant. slighting.
dispute, V. t. contradict, controvert, dif- Antonyms: see respectful.
fer, disagree; spec, argue, attack, debate, dissect, V. t. To
cut up: spec,
1. anatomize,
impugn, discept (rare), challenge, ques- vivisect, transect (rare).
tion, litigate, deraign (hist.; law). 2. See ANALYZE, criticize.
Antonyms: see confirm. dissemble, v. i. pretend, feign, possum
dispute, V. i. 1. controversialize (rare), dif- (colloq.; rare), dissimulate, act (chiefly
fer, disagree; spec, debate, argue. spec, or fig.).
2. contend, differ, disagree, altercate; dissembler, n. deceiver, pretender, feign-
spec, quarrel, bicker, brabble (archaic), er, dissimulator, actor, disguiser (rare);
brawl, jangle, wrangle, jar, flite or flyte spec, hypocrite, counterfeiter.
(archaic or dial.), strive, spat (colloq.), tiff. dissembling, a. deceitful, dissimulat-
dispute, n. 1. controversy, contradiction. ing; spec, hypocritical, canting, ironical.
t-^~ Cross references: see Note. disranlc: degrade. disrupt, V. t.: break, burst,
disqualified: unqualified. disrobe: undress. breach, disorganize.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

138
 ——
DISTINCTION
Antonyms: see frank. Antonyms: see convene, convoke.
dissembllnK, n. i. deceit, dissimulation, 4. To cause to become a solution: spec, cut,
dissemblance, pretense, disguising; spec. lixiviate, leach.
hypocrisy, irony. dissolve, V. i. 1. decompose, disintegrate,
2. See DISREGARD. r&solve (rare).
dissension, n. disagreement, discord, 2. See disappear, scatter.
strife, friction; spec, faction, party. dissuade, v. t. 1. turn, divert.
Antonyms: see peace. Antonyms: see induce.
dissent, v. i. differ, disagree. 2. See DEHORT.
dissent, n. difference, disagreement; spec. dissuasion, n. turning, diversion.
nonconformity, recusancy. distance, n. 1. remoteness, separation,
dissenter, n. differer (contextiuil), dis- farness; referring to stale, fact, or degree.
sentient, dissident, come-outer (colloq., Antonyms: see nearness.
U. S.) spec, recusant, nonconformist,
; 2. space, remove (rare as referring to
Raskolnik, sectary, heretic, infidel. space), interval, way (used with "long,"
dissentient, o. disagreeing (contextual), short," etc.), interspace, length (spec, or
dissenting, dissentious, macquiescent; idiomatic); spec, difference, westing, east-
spic. recusant, factious, dissident, non- ing, elongation, longitude, drift, pitch,
juring. drop; referring to interval in space, time,
Antonyms: see agreeing. degree, etc.
dissentious, a. inacquiescent (rare), 8. Referring to a distant place: spec. qS31%;
recusant (chiefly eccl.); spec, inflamma- see background.
tory, incendiary, strifeful. 4. aloofness, oflBshness, stiffness, repel-
dissipate, v. i. 1. See scatter, diffuse. lency; spec, reserve, coldness, superiority,
2. debauch, riot (rare); spec. Corinthian- condescension.
ize, rake. Antonyms: see cordiality.
dissipated, o. 1. See scattered, diffuse. distant, a. 1. remote, separate, apart
2. corrupt (contextual), debauched, dis- (postpositive), far-away, far-off, away
solute, rakehell (archaic), fast, aban- (postposUive); spec, different, ulterior.
doned; spec. Corinthian, wild, raking, Antonyms: see near, adjacent, imme-
rakish, unsteady, licentious, crapulent, diate.
crapulous, lecherous, profligate. 2. offish, aloof (predicative), repellent,
dissipater, n. 1. Spec, scatterer, diffuser, farouche (French), strange; spec, bashful,
2. dissipator (a variant spelling), de- reserved, cold, frigid, unneighborly, su-
bauchee; spec, rake, ranter (rare), lecher perior,condescendmg.
(archaic), palliard (archaic), rioter (rare or Antonyms: see cordial.
archaic), profligate, rakehell (archaic), distend, v. t. dilate, swell; spec, plump,
rakeshame (archaic), rip (colloq. or dial.), bloat, fill, inflate.
rou6 (French), rounder (colloq.), Corin- Antonyms: see constrict, contract.
thian. distill, distil, V. t. & i. 1. See drop, ex-
dissipation, n. 1. Spec, scattering, dif- tract.
fusion. 2. evaporate, concentrate, condense; spec,
2. corruption (contextyal), debauchery, cohobate (old chem.).
debauch, debauchment, dissoluteness, distillate, n. See extract.
fastness; spec, prodigalism, raking, rakery distillation, n. 1. evaporation, distillment
(rare), riot (rare), riotousness, crapulence, (rare); spec, cohobation, descent.
crapulency. 2. See distillate, extract.
8. Referring to an act or occasion: de- distinct, a. I. different (contextual), re-
bauch; spec, spree (colloq.), bout, bum mote, several, discrete, discriminate, dis-
(slang), orgy, drunk (slang). junct.
dissolve, V. t 1. See decompose, disin- Antonyms: see same, alike.
tegrate. 2. See DEFINITE, CLEAR (in meaning), evi-
2. Referring to happiness, troubles, doubts, dent, separate.
etc.: destroy, annihilate (rare), consume, distinction, n. 1. separation, demarca-
diffuse; spec, abrogate, annul, explain. tion, differentiation, discretion, discern-
8. Referring to a legislature, parliament, ment, discrimination, distinguishment
etc.: dismiss, end (rare); spec, prorogue. (rare), contradistinction.

^g^ Cross references: see Note. dissimilar: different. dissipate: scatter, dispel, dif-

disseminate: scatter, diffuse. dissimulate: disguiaet diS' fuse, waste.

dissent: disajjree. semble. dissociate: separate.
disserre: injure. dissimulation: disguise, dis- distasteful: disgusting, un-
dissident: diseentient. semblance. palatable, offensive.

tS° See Notes of Explanation.

139
 DISTINCTIVE
2. difference, remoteness, discreteness, carking (archaic), heavy, calamitous,
severance, discrimination. grievous, bitter, harrowing, severe, sorry,
3. Spec, separateness, distinctiveness. gnawing, pinching, miserable, trouble-
4. repute, eminence, rank, note (chiefly some, sad, painful, griping, heartrending.
used with "of"), mark (chiefly used with Antonyms: see comforting, comfort-
"of"), 6clat (French), superiority, eximi- able.
ousness (rare), notability; spec, fame distribute, v. t. 1. dispense, dispensate,
(rare), signality, greatness. divide, part (archaic), dispart (rare), dis-
distinctive, a. distinguishing, differentia- perse; spec, prorate (chiefly U. S.), spread,
tive, discriminative; spec, diagnostic, dia- partition, scatter, parcel, morsel (rare),
critic or diacritical. dole, send, apportion, share, mete, allot,
distinguish, v. t. 1. To mark as different: diffuse, circulate; see spread.
differentiate, separate, difference, demar- Antonyms: see collect.
cate, mark (often used with "off"), differ 2. See classify, administer (as justice).
(rare); spec, accentuate. distribution, n. 1. dispensation, division,
Antonyms: see confuse. partition- spec, dispersion, prorating
2. To perceive or treat as distinct: separate, (chiefly U. S.), scattering, parceling, par-
demarcate, differentiate, difference, dis- celment, dole, apportionment, sharing,
criminate, discern, tell, secern (rare), sin- allotment, diffusion; spec, spreading.
gle, differ (rare), decern (rare), sever, sev- Antonyms: see collection.
eralize (rare); spec, classify, discover, con- 2. iSpec. classification, administration (as
tradistinguish. of justice), spreading.
Antonyms: see conptjse. district, n. place, region, quarter (chief-
3. signalize, signal (rare), mark, singu- ly spec); spec, division, subdivision, sec-
larize. tion, riding, regency, wardenry, ward,
distinguished, a. superior, eminent, con- neighborhood, province, presidency, pre-
spicuous, noted, marked, eximious (rare); cinct, prefecture, department, canton
spec, shining, famous, extraordinary, (rare, exc. of Switzerland), lathe (Kent,
laureate. Eng.).
Antonyms: see obscuke. distrust, V. t. doubt, mistrust, misdoubt,
distort, V. t. 1. deform; spec, screw, wring, suspect; spec, jealouse (ohs., Scot., or
wrench, torment (rare), twist, contort, dial.).
writhe, wrest, warp, deface, knot, gnarl. distrust, n. doubt, mistrust, suspicion,
2. See pervert; —
referring to meaning. misdoubt, misgiving; spec, jealousy,
distorted, a. deformed, Gordian (fig.), heartburn.
knotted, gnarled, contorted, etc. Antonyms: see trust, assurance, re-
distortion, n. 1. deformation; spec, twist, liance.
contortion, screw, warp, defacement, con- distrustful, a. doubtful, mistrustful, dif-
tortuosity (nonce word), knot, buckle. fident (archaic), strange, dubious, sus-
2. See perversion; —
referring to mean- picious; spec, shy, jealous.
ing. Antonyms: see assured, reliant, un-
distress, n. discomfort (contextual), dolor suspicious.
(poetic), unease (archaic), misease (ar- disturb, v. t. 1. Referring to the mind:
chaic); spec, trouble, calamity, torment, trouble, agitate; spec, annoy, distract,
press, affliction, pain, tribulation, care, fuss (colloq.), muss (colloq.; with "up"),
hurt, misery, gnawing, trial, hardship, distress, vex, worry, disconcert, discom-
harassment, confusion, privation, need, pose.
want, pressure, grief, sorrow, exigency, Antonyms:see calm, pacify.
anxiety, etc.; hell, slang or very strong. 2. Referring to things: see agitate.
Antonyms: see comfort, enjoyment, 3. Spec, move, disarrange, derange, dis-
RELIEF. order, confuse, unsettle, shake, molest,
distress, discomfort, trouble; spec.
v. i. interrupt, remove, convulse.
press, harrow, straiten^ harry, worry, disturbance, n. 1. Referring to the mind:
bother, rack, harass, gripe (rare), lacer- agitation, inquietude (rare); spec, tur-
ate, tear, hurt, torment, pain, grieve, sad- moil annoyance, vexation, distress, dis-
den, pinch, jar (now usually considered traction, worry, disconcertion, discom-
slang or inelegant). posure, distemperature, muss, perturba/-
Antonyms: see comport, relieve. tion.
distressing, a. distressful, uneasy; spec. Antonyms: see calm.
tormentful (rare), dolorific (literary), 2. Referring to things: see agitation.
t^^ Crossreferences: see Note. turb, confuse, frenzy. distraction: diversion, derange-
distract: divert, derange, dis- distracted: ment, disturbance, confusion, frenzy ^

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

140
 DIVIDE
8. Spec,moving, removal, disarrange- diverge, v. i. Spec, radiate, branch, divari-
ment, derangement, disorder, confusion, cate, fork.
unsettlement, molestation, interference, divergent, a. Spec, radiant, radial, radia/-
convulsion. tive (rare), branching, forking, divaricat-
4. Referring to disturbance among people: ing.
disorder, disquiet, distemperature (rare), Antonyms: see parallel, confluent.
breeze (colloq.), mquietation (rare), in- diversified, a. 1. diverse, manifold, multi-
quietude (rare), curfuffle {Scot.); spec. fold, varied, mixed, multivarious (rare),
commotion, tumult, sedition, insurrec- variate (rare), multifarious, heterogene-
tion, kick-up (colloq.), row {colhq.), to-do ous, diversiform, variform (form^ or
{colloq.), dust (slang or colloq.), shindy learned), various.
(^lang), esolandre (French), scene, pother Antonyms: see uniform.
(colloq. or archaic), fracas, uproar, muss 2. See variegated.
(coUoq., U. S.), convulsion, bother, fuss diversify, v. t. I. variate, vary, varify
(colloq.) ,botheration (colloq.), bobery (rare).
(slang), bluster, conflict, fight, hoity- 2. See VARIEGATE.
toity (rare), rumpus (coUoq.), grithbreach diversion, n. 1. turning; spec, deviation,
(hist.), rovif-de-dow (rare), 6meute derivation, dissuasion.
(French), outbreak, ruption (rare), rout, 2. amusement, pastime, dispart (ar-
riot, ruffle (rare), dispute, ruction (col- chaic), entertainment, beguilement, play,
loq.), bustle, clutter, stir, anarchy, brawl, recreation, derivation (archaic or tech.),
hubbub, combustion (now literary and sport, relaxation; spec, trifling, fun, sol-
scrimmage, turn-up (coUoq.; rare).
rare), acement or solace.
disturbing, a. disquieting, disturbant Antonyms: see business, work.
(rare); spec, agitative, troublous, uncom- 3.Referring to that which amuses; used
fortable, perturbative (rar.e), perturba^ with the article "a" and having a plural:
tory (rare), etc. amusement, recreation, play, game, en-
Antonyms: see calmative. tertainment, sport, divertissement
disunion, n. 1. division, separation, sever- (French), solacement or solace, derivation
ance, disjoining, disseverance, dissocia^ (archaic), distraction (rare); spec, entre-
tion, disjointure, disjunction; spec, dis- mets (French), avocation (rare).
connection, detachment. diversity, n. 1. See difference.
Antonyms: see union. 2. variety, manifoldness, multifarious-
2. separation; spec, schism. ness, multiformity, variation; spec, hete-
5. See DISAGREEMENT. rogeneity, heteromorphism (chiefly
disunite, v. t. & i. 1. separate, disjoint; mmtiformity.
tech.),
spec, dissever, rend, dissociate, disconnect, Antonyms: see uniformity.
detach, disjoint. divert, V. t. 1. turn, disorientate (fig. or
Antonyms: see unite. spec), deviate.
2. alienate, estrange, divide. 2. turn (from a purpose, etc.), draw; spec.
disuse, V. t. abandon, obsolete (rare), dis- dissuade.
card; spec, discontinue, neglect, disaccus- 3. distract (contextual), amuse, derive (ar-
tom (archaic). chaic), solace, entertain, recreate, be-
Antonyms: see use, exercise. guile, disport; spec, tickle.
disuse, n. 1. abandonment, nonuse, non- Antonyms: see work, tire, weary.
employment, disusage, discarding; spec. diverting, a. amusing, entertaining, recre-
discontinuance, neglect, nonobservance. ative, divertive, etc.
Antonyms: see use. divide, V. t. 1. sever (spec, or fig.) disunite,
,

2. desuetude (formal or literary), disu- separate, carve (spec, or fig.), cleave (spec,
sage, nonuse, inusitation (rare); spec, neg- or fig.), cut (spec, or fig); spec, scind
lect, nonobservance. (rare), section, sectionize (rare), part, par-
ditch, V. t. trench, channel, dike (nowrare); cel, bisect, dispart, dissever, subdivide,
spec, moat, drain, vaUate (rare). dismember, junk (rare), split, rend, seg-
ditch, n. fosse (tech. or literary), trench; ment, halve, quarter, third, disconnect,
spec, canal, graff (hMt.), grip (dial, or hunt- disjoint, class.
ing), drain, coupure, moat. Antonyms: see join, unite.
dive, V. i. 1. plunge; spec, sound. 2. To mark or partition off (a continuous
2. See DISAPPEAR. thing) into parts, or to consider as so
dive, n. 1. plunge; spec, header (colloq.). marked off or partitioned: separate, demar-
2. See RESORT. cate (rare), partition (spec, or fig.); spec.

XSr Cross references: see Note. | diuznal: daily. divaricate: branch.

I?* See Notes of Explanation.

141

fraduate, lot, compart, subdivide, parcel,
istrict, canton, chapter.
3. See DISTRIBUTE, APPORTION, DISUNITE,
SHARE, COMPUTE, MEASURE.
divide, v. i. 1. separate, part, sever, cleave
(spec, or fig.), cut (spec, or fig.); spec, bi-
sect, dispart, subdivide, dismember, split,
halve, quarter.
Antonyms: see unite.
2. See BRANCH, SHARE.
divide, n. watershed, water parting, shed;
spec, coteau (Canada an4 U. S.).
divided, a. parted; spec, biparted (rare),
bipartite, digitate, lobulate, lobuJated,
lobulose, lobate, multipartite, disulcate.
Antonyms: see united.
divination, n. 1. prediction,
divining,
soothsaying, auspice (chiefly spec), hario-
lation (rare), riddling (rare), augury;
spec, spatulamancy, rhabdomancy, theo-
mancy, haruspicy or haruspication, or-
nithomancy, mantology (rare), mantic
(rare), hieromancy, hieroscopy, gyro-
mancy, hydromancy, graptomancy, geo-
mancy, bibliomancy, lithomancy, hariola^
tion (rare), spodomancy, halomancy,
dowsing.
2. See GUESS.
divine, v. i. t. predict, vaticinate, soothsay,
hariolate (rare), prophesy; spec, dowse.
2. See GUESS.
divine, a. 1. superhuman, godlike, deific,
deiform, godly, spiritual, heavenly, celes-
tial, ambrosial (spec, or fig.).
Antonyms: see earthly, human.
2. See RELIGIOUS.
3. fine, superior, excellent, ambrosial (fi.g.).
diviner, n. 1. predictor, Chaldean (fi.g.),
augur, soothsayer; spec, geomancer, dow-
ser.
2. See GUESSER.
divinity, n. 1. deity, godhead, godhood,
godship, deityship (rare).
2. godlikeness, deiformity (rare).
3. See DEITY, THEOLOGY.
divisible, a. separable, partible, severable,
dividual (rare), dividuous (rare), etc.;
spec,commensurable.
Antonyms: see inseparable.
division, n. 1. Act of dividing or state or
fact of being divided: severance, parting,,
separation, cutting (spec, or fig.), dispart-
ing; spec, disuniting, section, splitting,
partitionment, parcelment,
split, scissure,
disseverance (rare), subdivision, rending,
partition, partage (rare), schism, segmen-
tation, lobation, fracture, breaking, de-
duplication, dismemberment, dearticula-
tion, disconnection, diseresis, digitation,
bisection, bipartition, trisection.
J^= Cross references: see Note. | divulge:
IIS° See
DIVIDE
Antonyms: see joining, union.
2.A part formed by (physical) division:
part; spec, subdivision, section, parcel,
fragment, cut, lobe, lobule, cloot (Scot,
and dial. Eng.), etc.
3. A
marking off or treating as marked off:
separation, demarcation; spec, partition-
ment, graduation, parcelment, district-
ing.
4. Apart marked off or taken as being
separated: part, section; spec, subdivision,
segment, member, movement, column,
passus, canto, verse, decade, chapter,
book, compartment, cell, court, category,
kind, sort, branch, department, canton,
ordinary, lot, parcel, faction, party, sect,
district, block, etc.
5. Mil. and naval: spec, battery, company,
brigade, battalion, organization, army,
classis, cohort, decury, maniple, tercio,
tertia, class, squadron, fleet, command,
troop, squad.
6. 0/ territory: spec, province, territory,
state, government, presidency, consulate,
dominion, county, department, ward, dis-
trict, circar (India), canton, cantonment,
commune, commot, residency, mahal
(India), eparchy, eyalet (Turkish), vilayet
(Turkish).
7. See classification, class, computa-
tion, DISTRIBUTION, DISUNION, DISAGREE-
MENT, SHARING, SHARE, BRANCH.
8. Thing that divides: partition; spec, line,
wall, fence, etc.
divorce, n. divorcement spec, repudiation,
;
separation, diffarreation.
Antonyms: see marriage.
divorce, v. t. unmarry (rare); spec, repudi-
ate, separate.
Antonyms: see marry.
dizziness, n. giddiness, vertigo (tech.),
swim.
dizzy, a. 1. giddy, giddyish (rare), vertigi-
nous, vertiginate (rare).
2. dizzying, giddy.
dizzy, V. i. swim.
do, V. t. Every kind of action may be viewed
as a particular form of doing, and the
senses which the verb "do" may represent
are as numerous as the forms of activity
represented by the words which the verb may
govern. It is impossible, therefore, to give
a complete list of the various verbs which
may be replaced by "do." The most im-
portant ones, however, are here listed. Spec
inflict, administer, render, perform,
achieve, commit, practice, cook, cele-
brate, cause, compose, transact, conduct,
conjure, contrive, deceive, settle, con-
clude, depict, give, misdo, misexecute.
disclose, taUle. I
do, n.: act, deed.
Notes of Explanation.
142

make, manage, prepare, pickle, proceed,
render, show, give, serve,solve, use, exert,
produce, translate, review, dig, act, ruin,
swindle, visit, finish, slur, slight, spoil, etc.
See the above words in the voccdmlary (upper
or lower).
do, V. i. 1. See act, pare.
2. answer, suflBoe.
dock, V. cut, clip, curtail (rare),
t. t.
tail (a horse), truncate.
2. See DEPRIVE, SHORTEN, ABRIDGE.
docked, a. curtail (rare), curtailed (rare),
bobtail; spec, cock- tailed.
doctor, n. physician, medical (colloq.),
doser (contemptuous), leech (archaic),
healer (often spec), curer; spec, homoeo-
path, homceopathist, allopath, allopath-
ist, osteopath, hydropath, hydropathist,
surgeon, dentist, chiropodist, alienist,
oculist, aurist, yeterinarian, doctress
(now rare).
doctor, V. t. 1. treat, leech (archaic); spec.
quack.
2. See ADULTERATE, FALSIFY, FAKE.
doctor, V. i. leech (archaic), practice.
doctrine, n. tenet, dogma, dogmatism
(chiefly derogatory); spec, creed, theory,
opinion, teaching.
document, n. Spec, writing, handwriting
(archaic), instrument, monument (rare or
spec.), muniment (law), diploma (histor-
ical or spec.), record, charter, charta,
parchment, paper, patent, manuscript.
Round Robin, brevet, certificate, pass- baby, betty (girl doll), benedict (boy doll).
port, cotumission, power, pleading, etc.
document, v. t. evidence, prove.
dodge, V. i. 1. jink (chiefly Scot.); spec.
duck, flinch, jump, jerk.
2. evade, shuffle, palter, shift; spec, hedge, domain, n. 1.
trim, prevaricate, quibble.
dodge, n. 1. Spec, duck, jump, jerk,
twitch.
2. evasion, deceit, artifice.
8. device, expedient.
doer, n. facient (rare); spec, performer, act-
or, author, committer, perpetrator, mak-
er, etc. Cf. DO.
dofl, V. t. To lay or put off: cast,
loq.); see REMOVE. "Doff" is literary
has a flavor of archaism.
Antonyms: see don.
dog, n. 1. canine (chiefly tech.), cur (con-
temptuous or derogatory), whelp (chiefly
contemptuous); spec, pup, puppy, toy,
tike, terrier trundletail, turnspit, spaniel,
springer, setter, dachshund (Ger.), skirter,
shock, rache or ratch (archaic),
—
DOMESTIC
(U. S.), pug, pye-dog or pie-dog (Anglo-
Indian), pariah dog, pointer, poodle,
mastiff, lurcher, hound (spec, exc. archaic
or poetic), harrier, hunter, gazehound,
griffon, guara, finder, deerhound, stag-
hound, dingo, dhole (India), courser, col-
lie, colly, bulldog, beagle. Saint Bernard,
basset, brindle, buckhound, bandog, tie-
bob- dog (obs. or rare), bitch, brach, brachet,
slut, lady (euphemistic); —
all those from
"bitch" on being feminine. "Dog" is often
used specifically of a male dog.
2. See FELLOW, CLAMP.
dog days, canicular days (learned), cani-
cule (rare).
dogma, n. doctrine, tenet.
dogmatic, a. 1. See didactic, doctrinal.
2. positive, categorical, pragmatic, prag-
matical, magisterial (bookish or leame<^,
thelical (rare); spec, opinionated, per-
emptory, dictatorial.
Antonyms: see doubtptjl, hesitating.
doing, a. In the sense of "going on": up,
on; in predicative use.
doing, n. t. feasance (tech.), facture (book-
ish),transaction; spec, conduct; see crea-
tion, making.
2. See ACTION, COMMISSION, accomplish-
ment, PERFORMANCE.
doings, n.pl. gear (sing.; archaic or dial.),
ongoings (pi.); see action.
doll, a. plaything (contextual), toy (con-
textual), dolly; spec, puppet (archaic),
dollar, n. sinker (slang, U. S.), simoleon
(slang), plunk (slang, U. S.), wheel
(slang); spec. rixdoUar (hist.), duro (Sparir
ish), peso (Mexican), cob (obs.).
See estate, lordship,
bound, control, sphere.
2. realm, reign (rare), dominion, bourn or
bourne (rare or poetic), territory, posses-
sion; spec, kingdom, province, empire,
empery (poetic or rhetorical), obedience,
sultanate, khanate, daimiatie, lordship,
signory, dukedom, county, palatinate.
dome, n. vault; spec, cupola, tholus, can-
douse (col- opy, beehive.
and domestic, a. 1. home, homely (rare),
household, domal (rare), familiar, family;
spec, menial (servant; now contemptuous).
2. domestioaied;—fond of domestic lijfe.
3. internal, interior, intestine, inland, na-
home; spec, home-bred.
tive,
Antonyms: see foreign.
4. See TAME.
reporter domestic, n. servant, familiar (rare); spec.

XS' Cross references: see Note. dole, n.: share, distribution, gift, doleful: depressed, lamentable,
docile: teachable, manageable. alms.
doggerd, n.; verae. doggerel,— dole, V. t: distribute, apportion,
sorrowful, depressing, gloomy.
dolor: depression, sorrow, dis-
a.: trivial. [sion. give. tress.
doldrums: dullness, deprea- dole,n.: depression.sorrow, grief. dome, V. t.: vatiU, cover.

K^* See Notes of Explanation.

143
 . — —

DOMESTICATE
maid, girl (coUoq.), cook, chambermaid, double, V. t. 1. multiply, redouble, duph-
man, boy {colonial British), familiar, but- cate, geminate (rare); spec, repeat, fac-
ler, scullion {archaic). simile.
domesticate, v. t. domesticize; spec, civil- 2. See POLD, DEFEAT, AVOID, COUPLE.
naturalize; see tame.
ize, doubled, a. duplicated, reduplicate, con-
domineer, v, i. tyrannize, lord. dupUcate (rare or tech.).
Antonyms: see pawn. double-entendre, n. equivocation; spec.
domineering, a. tyrannical, masterful, pun, dittology. " Double -entendre''^ is
tyrannic {rare); spec, authoritative, bossy French.
(colloq.), bullying, high-handed. doubling, n. duplicature (chiefly math.),
Antonyms: see obsequious, servile. gemination (rare), duplication, condupli-
domineering, n. tyranny. cation (literary), duplation (rare).
don, V. t. assume {spec, or affected). doubly, adv. twice, twofold.
Antonyms: see dopp. doubt, n. 1. uncertainty, question, dubi-
done, o. Spec, performed, executed, fin- ety (literary), dubiousness, doubtfulness,
ished, etc. Cf. DO, V. t. incertitude, undecidedness; spec, mis-
donkey, n. 1. ass, jack {male), jackass doubt, skepticism, increduhty, suspicion,
{male), onager {mid), jenny {female), disbelief, distrust, perplexity, hesitation,
burro {Soidhwestem U. S.), cuddy {chiefly indecision, suspense; referring to the
Scot.), dicky or dickey {properly he-ass; state of mind.
slang or colloq.), moke {slang), neddy. Antonyms: see assurance, trust, be-
"Ass" is the common word when used of the lief, CERTAINTY.
wild forms. 2. See uncertainty; —referring to fads,
2. See blockhead. events, etc.
door, n. 1. barrier; spec, trap, trapdoor, doubt, V. i. question, dubitate (literary or
hatch, heck {chiefly Scot.). affected); spec, misdoubt, hesitate.
2. See DOORWAY, passage. Antonyms: see believe, trust.
doorlieeper, n. porter, portress (Jem.), doubt, V. t. question, query (rare), dubi-
janitor, janitress (/em.), janitrix (fern,.), tate (literary or affected), misdoubt; spec.
doorward (archaic), ostiary (chiefly eccl.), suspect, distrust, disbelieve.
tiler (Freemasonry), usher {archaic or Antonyms: see believe, trust.
spec.) , concierge (in France, etc.) doubtful, a. 1. undecided, questioning,
.

doorpost, n. durn (now dial.). doubting, undetermined, dubious, dubi-

doorway, n. passage (contextiuiT) , door, tant (rare); spec, skeptical, hesitant, per-
portal (a dignified term); spec, postern, plexed, distrustful, incredulous; see be-
entrance, exit, hatchway, durns (pi.; now —
lieving; referring to the state of mind.
dial.). Antonyms: see assured, decided, dog-
dose, n. portion; spec, potion, powder, pill. matic, trustful, certain.
dot, n. spot (contextual), speck; spec. 2. See
—
uncertain; referring to facts,
point, tittle {rare), peck, speckle, prick, events, etc.
pinprick. dovecot, dovecote, n. birdhouse (context-
dot, V. spot (contextual), speck; spec.
t. 1. ual), columbarium, dovehouse, columbary.
point, speckle, punctuate, sprinkle, stip- dovetail, v. t. 1. mortise (contextual), tail,
ple, island. cog, cock.
2. See DIPPUSE, SCATTER. 2. See JOIN.
dotted, a. spotted; spec, punctate, punc- dower, n. 1. portion (of a widow), thirds (a
tated, consperse (rare), sprinkled, irro- loose usage), dowry (rare), share (con-
rate, speckled, bipunctate. textual).
dotting, n. spotting; spec, punctuation, 2. See DOWRY, ENDOWMENT.
punctulation. dower, v. t. dot (rare), tocher (Scot.), por-
dot-sliaped, a. punctiform. tion, endow; referring to bestowment on
double, a. 1. twofold, duplicate, duple bride.
(rare or math.), duplex (tech. or rare), dual; down, adv. downward, downwards,
spec, dualistic, geminous (rare), geminate, groundward, earthward, netherwards
paired, binary, binate, binal (rare), bi- (rare), downwardly; spec, downstairs, be-
form, biformed, bifront. low (on shipboard), hellward, floorward.
2. See AMBIGUOUS, insincere, polded. Antonyms: see upward, heavenward.
C^ Cross references: see Note. donate: give. doting: fond.
domicile, n.: abode. donation: gift. [demnation. double, 71.; counterpart, fold,
domicile, v. i.: dwell. doom,n.: judgtnent, destiny, con- turn, evasion, trick. [ddble.
domicile, t:
establish, setUe,
v. doom, V. t.: condemn, destine. doughty: brave, strong, formi-
dominion: control, government, dormant: sleeping, inactive, douse: lower, doff, extinguish.
empire, domain, authority, rule. dose, V. t.: drug, adulterate. douse: dip, drench.

It^^ See Notes of Explanation.

144
 —

DRAW
down, downward, descending;
a. spec. drain, n. 1. See drainage.
sloping, downmost. 2. 'channel (contextual); spec,
ditch, cul-
down, n. 1. See plumage. vert, leader, fox, sewer, cesspool.
pubescence, lanugo (tech.), wool, flufif.
2. drainage, n. 1. drain, draining; spec.
downcast, a. 1. See depressed. sewerage.
8. lowered (eyes, glance), dejected (eyes;
2. Spec, sewage, seepage; referring to
rare).
matter drained off.
Antonyms: see trPTUBNED. dram, n. drink (contextual); spec, thimble-
downs, n. pi. upland, wold (Eng.), fell ful, sip.
(Eng.), moor. drama, n. composition, play, piece; spec.
1.
downy, feathery (contexlvaJ) , pubes-
a. 1. comedy, comedietta, tragedy, farce, bur-
cent, fluffy, lanuginous (tech.), lanugi- lesque, travesty, sketch, mterlude, mono-
nose (tech.); spec, silky, sericeous (tech.), drama, monologue, melodrama, melo-
thrummy (rare), cottony, pappose (rare), tragedy, pastoral, masque, operetta,
flossy. opera, pantomime, tragicomedy, trilogy,
2. See SOFT. proverb, mystery, miracle play or (rare)
dowry, n. 1. Referring to that of a bride: miracle.
dower, dote (rare), dot, tocher (Scot.), 2. dramaturge (literary), dramatics.
share (contextual). 8. the stage, the theater.
2. See DOWER (of a widow), endowment. dramatic, a. theatrical, theatric (rare),
dowser, n. diviner (contextual), hydro- dramaturgic (literary), Thespian (liter-
scopist, rhabdomancer (rare), rhabdo- ary), scenic, scenical; spec, melodramatic,
mantist. melodramatical, tragic, farcical, AteUan,
drab, a. & n. dun, brownish, yellow, yel- comic, burlesque.
lowish gray. dramatist, n. playwright, dramaturge
drabble, v. i. & t. draggle. (rare); dramaturgist; spec, tragedian.
draconian, a. dracomc, dracontine (rore), dramatize, v. t. Spec, melodramatize,
harsh, cruel. operatize (rare), burlesque, farcify (rare).
draconic, a. dragonlike, dracontine, dra- drape, v. t. 1. cover (contextual); spec.
contian, dragon. hang, tapestry, pall.
draS, n. dregs; spec, swill. 2. See ARRANGE, HANG.
draft, n. 1. See drawing, load, drink- drape, n. I. See cover, drapery.
ing, DRINK, inhalation, CURRENT, OUT- 2. adjustment, hang, cast. "Drape" is
LINE, DEDUCTION. colloquial.
2. demand; spec, order, check or (chiefly drapery, n. furniture, hangings (pi.); spec.
British) cheque, bill (of exchange). tapestry.
8. depth (enough to float a vessel). draw, V. t. &
i. I. drag, haul (chiefly nauti-
i. Mil.: conscription. cal), pull, tug, hale (now superseded in
5. In forms
"drafts" construed as sing.: ordinary u^age by "haul"); spec, tow, lug,
checkers (U. S.). attract, trail, snake (colloq. or slang, U.
draft, V. t. 1. See outline. S.), train (rare), entrain (rare), tear, rush,
2. Mil.: spec, impress, press, conscribe trawl, bunt, bouse or bowse, brail, drag-
(rare), conscript, commandeer (South gle, hook, unsheathe, tighten, poker, strict
Africa). (archaic).
drafted, o. Spec, conscript, impressed, Antonyms: see push, thrust, drive.
2. See attract, inhale, utter, extract,
draggle, v. t. & i. 1. drabble, trail, betrail ROUSE, choose, elicit, DERIVE, INFER,
(intensive), bedraggle (intensive). REMOVE, DIVERT, BRING, EMPTY, SEARCH,
2. See straggle. STRETCH, ATTENUATE, EXTEND, DISEM-
dragnet, n. dredge, drag, trammel. BOWEL, INDUCE, GET, EXTORT, DELINEATE,
dragon, n. monster (contextual), drake (ar- DEPICT, DESCRIBE, CONSTRUCT.
chaic); spec, serpent, saurian, dragonet. S. Of water, liquor, etc.: skink (to draw
drain, v. t. 1. empty (contextual); spec. liquor; archaic); spec, tap, broach, bucket,
emulge (rare), tap, milk (fig.), dike, rack, siphon, exhaust (air from a vessel).
trench, sluice, sewer, ditch. 4. unshot (a gun, etc.; rare).
Antonyms: see fill. 5. trace (a line), run; spec, protract, re-
2. See EXHAUST, deprive, DRINK. trace.
S. drip, percolate. 6. write, compose, formulate, draft.

J^ Cross references: see Note. evident, frank, definite. search, drawl, introduce.
downcast: throw. '
downward: d(non. drag, V. i.: draw,
downoome: descent, fall. drabble: droygglx. tinue, drawl.
downright: vertical, absolute. drag, D. L: draw, attract, dredge. drag, n.: coach, brake.

tS' See Notes of Explanation.

145
 . — — — —

DRAWING
drawing, n. dragging, draft, traction, pull- or formal), trim, garD
ing, etc. gear (chiefly archaic), vesture (literary),
drawlngknife. drawknife; spec, draw- make-up, bedizenment, dizenment (rare),
shave, shave, jigger. bravery, trappings, disguise or disguise-
drawing-room, n. salon (French), saloon ment, cloth, motley, dishabiUe.
{U. S.). dress, a. habilimental (rare), habilimentary
drawl, V. t. & i. drag; referring to speech. (rare), habilatory (rare), vestiary (rare).
dream, n. 1. vision; spec, nightmare, day- dressing gown, peignoir (French), robe de
mare (rare). chambre (French).
Antonyms: see actuality. dressing room, tiring-room.
2. See DAYDREAM. dressmaker, n. modiste (French).
dream, a. somnial (rare), somoiative dressy, a. 1. fond of dress; no single-word
(rare) synonym.
dreamland, n. Spec, cloudland, fairyland, 2. showy, ornamental, elaborate.
reverie. dried, a. desiccated (tech. or cant), baked,
dreamlike, a. unreal; spec, illusive, baken (archaic).
dreamy. drift, n. 1. propulsion, course,
See
dredge, v. t. drag. MEANING, TENDENCY.
dreggy, a. impure, feculent, dreggish; 2. movement (contextual), driftage.
spec, turbid, foul, polluted. 3. deviation (distance away due to drift),
Antonyms: see clear. driftway; spec, leeway.
dregs, n. pi. refuse (contexttud); spec, sedi- 4. In geology: deposit, diluvium; spec.
ment, lees (pi.), grounds (pi.), faeces (pi-), till, detritus.
fsecula or outcasts (pi.), offal,
fecula, 5. In mining, etc.: excavation, passage,
scum, offscourings (pi.), sordes (tech.), drive; spec, gallery, tunnel, level.
sordor (rare), foots (pi.), bottoms (pi.), drink, v. t. 1. consume (contextual), imbibe
tilts (pi.), taplash (obs. or dial.). (rare or spec), discuss (humorous), de-
drench, n. 1. dose, potion; referring to molish (slang), quaff (chiefly literary);
physic given to an animal. spec, dispatch, bibble, swizzle (coUoq.),
2. wetting (contextual); spec, souse, sip, sipple, lap, drain, swill (vulgar or
douche, soaking. denoting vulgar excess), swig (coUoq. or
drench, v. t. 1. dose (contexttud), physic; slang), guzzle, suck (vulgar or spec), tope
referring to an animal. (colloq.), crush (literary), tipple, buzz
2. wet (contextual); spec, douche (chiefly (slang or cant), crack.
tech.), douse, souse, soak, bucket. 2. To cause to drink: drench (rare), lush
Antonyms: see dry. (slang).
dress, v. t. 1. arrange (contextual); spec. 3. salute, toast, wassail (orc/wiic). "Drink
line (used with "up"), preen. to" is the usual term, "drink" alone being
2. prepare (contextual); spec, clean, rough- rare or colloq. in this sense.
dress, scapple or scabble, finish, taw, pick, 4. See ABSORB, HEAR, SEE.
drove, baste, machine, burl, scutch, drink, v. i. imbibe, quaff (literary); spec
hackle, shamoy, hatchel, barber, side, sip, sipple, lap, guzzle (colloq. or slang),
curry, bard, liquor, comb, manicure, jig, bib (archaic), bibulate (pedantic), bibble,
draft. soak (colloq.), refresh, hobnob, swill (mtJ-
8. equip, furnish; spec, dub, deck, orna- gar or implying vulvar excess), swizzle
ment. (colloq.), pull (used with "at," "on," etc.;
4. See CLOTHEj REPROVE, SCOLD. colloq.), tea, fuddle, boose or (slang)
dress, v. i. 1. ahgn (mil.). booze, bouse (rare), tipple^ carouse, lush
2. prepare (contextual); spec, vest (chiefly (slang), nobble (rare), mp, sot, liquor
eccl.), clothe, busk (archaic or Scot.). (slang), grog, dram, bum (slang, U. S.),
Antonyms: see tjndkess, strip. pot (archaic).
dress, n. 1. See clothing, costume. drink, n. 1. Ldquid to be drunk; distiv/- —
2. Of a woman's or girl's outer clothing: guishedfrom meat (solid food). There are
gown (chiefly spec); spec frock, suit, hab- no synonyms in this sense.
it, jam (rare).
bloomer, 2. See BEVERAGE, LIQUOR.
8. the mode in which one is dressed, or
Of 3. The act: drinking, draft, quaff (literary
the dress and equipment as a whole: attire, or humorous); spec, pull (coUoq.), suck
tire (archaic; rare), toilet, array (literary (coUoq.), sip, swig (colloq.), lap.

tS' Cross references: see Note. dreary: cheerless, gloomy, de- dribble: drip, slobber.
drawing, a.: attractive. pressing, lonely, sad, monot' drill, V. t.: sow.
dread: fear, awe. onous, uninteresting, duU. drill, n.: exercise, training.
dreadful: fearfvl. alarming. dredge: sprinkle. drill, V. t.: pierce, exercise, train.

1^" See Notes of Explanation.

146

4. A portion to drink: draft or draught,
potation (literary or humorous), potion
(chiefly med. or spec); spec, dram, nip,
toothful (coUoq.), suck (coUoq.), split, pot
(archaic or obs.), grace, cup,
(humorous), peg (Anglo-Indian; slang),
nightcap, sip, tickler (colloq.), tiff (obs.
or chiefly dial.), caulker (slang), drop,
bumper, rouse (archaic), chasse (French),
brimmer (colloq.), bracer (colhq.).
drinkable, a. potable, potatory (rare).
drinker, n. imbiber (formal or affected),
quaffer (literary); spec, drunkard, soaker
(coUoq.), lapper, tippler, bibber, sipper,
bouser, boozer, toper, guzzler, tosspot (ar-
chaic), hobnobber, compotator, whetter.
drinking, a. potatory (rare); spec, ebrious
(rare and affected), bibulous, groggy.
Antonyms: see abstemious. drive,
drinking, n. consumption, draft, potation float,
(learned or rhetorical), sorbition (rare),
imbibition (rare or affected), bibation
(rare), bibition (rare), oibulation (rare);
spec, tippling, compotation, drink, pot
(fig.), cups (pi; fig.), cupping, rummer.
drip, V. t. & i. 1. drop, weep
dribble, trickle.
2. To be wet: drop.
drip, n. I. drippmg, drop; spec, dribble,
trickle.
2. In architecture: larmier, corona; spec.
label, dripstone.
8. drippings (pi.), droppings (pi.); that
which drips.
drive, V. t. 1. move (contextual), propel, im-
pel, force, push, thrust, ram; spec, throw,
actuate, turn, revolve, drift, puff, tide,
run, hammer, dint, ding (archaic or dial.),
press, blow-, expel, shoot, beat,
strike,
roll, slide, etc.; —
in this sense implying
that the resulting motion of the driven body
is, as a whole, the direct result of applied
force.
Antonyms: see draw. textual), drow (Scot.).
2. Of any force, impulse, or actuating droop, v. i. 1. hang, incline;
cause, producing action by stimulating or
bringing into activity some other force: spec.
compel, impel, incite, chase, run, herd,
huddle, hustle, smoke, ferret (used with
"out"), shame, rush, pelt, dog, hound,
hunt, kick, hurry, hoot, hvmger (rare),
beat, constrain, urge, frighten, worry, dis-
pel, dissipate, reverberate (rare), reper-
cuse, retund (rare), culbut, etc.
Antonyms: see restrain.
8. direct, tool (chiefly spec; cant); spec
spank, call (Scot.), trot, back, hoy, gallop,
canter, amble, bucket (colloq. or cant).
tS* Cross references: see Note.
—
DROOPING
walk, run, etc. In this sense the ward
"drive" suggests a greater or less degree of
participation in the management of direc-
tion; the word "ride" emphasizes the idea of
libation being carried in a vehicle or on an animal,
and does not necessarily imply any par-
ticipation in the managerment or direction.
So one "drives" one's own carriage, or
"drives" in another's as his guest: but
a passenger generally "rides" in a public
conveyance, though he may take the driver's
place, and then he would drive. "Ride"
only is used of traveling on the bcu;k of an
animal.
4. See TRANSPORT, STRIKE, PROSECUTE,
URGE, CONCLUDE.
5. excavate (horizontally), hole, drift;
distinguished from " sink.
v. i. 1. advance; spec, rush, dash,
scud.
drift, rack,
2. vehiculate (rare), tool (chiefly spec;
cant); spec, rattle, bowl (v.sed with
"along"), coach, spank (colloq.), chari-
oteer, bucket.
8. See STRIKE, URGE.
(fig.); spec. drive, n. 1. driving; spec, drift, battue.
2. journey (contextual), excursion (con-
textual), ride.
8. excavation, drift.
4. See DRIVEWAY, URGENCY, ENERGY.
driver, n. 1. propeller, impeller; spec, car-
— rier, sail.
2. reinsman (rare; U. S.; spec), Jehu
(humorous), charioteer, wagoner, wag-
goner, curricleer (rare or nonce), coach-
man, cabman, cabby (colloq.), hackman,
mahout, carnac (French), dnveress (nonce
word), vetturino (It.), jarvey (slang,
Eng.), dragsman, tripper, teamster, mule-
teer, drover, cameleer, motorman, chauf-
feur, chauffeuse (fem.).
driveway, n. drive; spec, sweep.
drizzle, n. rain (contextual), spray (con-
spec, bend,
dangle, loll, lop, nod, nutate (rare), sink,
flag, weep, sag, slouch, drop, fall.
2. See DESCEND, LANGUISH.
droop, v. t. hang (as the head), incline; spec.
dangle, bend, loU, nod, sink, slouch, drop.
Antonyms: see erect.
droop, 71. hang (rare), inclination; spec,
slouch, sag, pendency, bend.
drooping, a. 1. hanging; spec, nutant
(rare),nodding, cernuous (chiefly bot),
weeping, pendent, sagging.
2. Spec declining, languishing, descend-
ing, depressed.
 DROP
Antonyms: see ebkct. drugstore, n. druggery (rare).
drop, n. I. ball (contextual), globule, gutta drum, n. 1. tabor (rare or spec), tambour
(tech.), tear (chiefly spec), pearl (chiefly (chiefly spec); spec, tambourine, tomtom,
spec); spec, blob, gout (archaic), bead, kettledrum, gumby, tabret.
cfroplet, dewdrop, raindrop. 2. cyhnder; spec, die, tympanum (rare),
2. See PAETICIiB, PENDANT, DESCENT, tambour, vase.
PALL, BREAK (in a surfoce), distance, 3. See GATHERING.
CtTRTAIN. 4. beat, drub, thrum.
drop, V. i. 1. Spec, drip, pearl, bead, dis- drum, V. 1. 1. See gather, expel, compel.
till, bleed (^.)> plump. 2. drub, thrum.
2. See DESCEND, FALL, CROUCH, SINK, DE- drumbeat, n. rub-a^dub, tan-tan (nonce),
PRECIATE. dub, tuck (chiefly Scot.); spec, tattoo, rap-
drop, V. t. 1. Spec, drip, distill, shed. pel (French), roU, taps (pi.).
2. To let, or cause to, fall: spec, fell, plump, drunkard, n. drinker, inebriate, lushing-
dump U. S.), lower, droop.
(chiefly ton (slang); spec, bloat (colloq.), dipso-
3. See FELL, MAIL, UTTER, OMIT, DROOP, maniac, sot, bum (slang, U. S.).
LOWER, ABANDON, STOP. drunken, a. inebrious, bousy or boozy;
drop-shaped, a. guttata (tech.), guttiform spec, sottish, soaked (colloq.), corny
(tech.), pearly, beady. (slang).
dropsical, a. hydropic, hydroptic (rare); Antonyms: see sober.
spec. (Edematous. dry, a. 1. waterless, unwet (rare), un-
dropsy, n. hydrops (tech. or obs.), hydropsy moistened, arid (chiefly spec), siocaneous
(now rare); spec, hydrothorax, hydrar- (rare), moistless (rare), droughty or
throsis, oedema. drouthy (rare, exc. spec), dryish; spec
dross, n. 1. refuse (contextual), recrement dried, desiccated, corky, dry-shod, dry-
(tech.), slag {usually dross in a fused footed, husky, perched, juiceless, drink-
gloLssy comhirwiion of basic drossy sub- less, sapless,, exsuccous (rare; also fig.),
stances), scoria (usually cindery or porous thirsty.
dross, as cellular lava); spec, scum, cinder, Antonyms: see wet, moist, soaked.
clink, sullage. 2. iSee SOUR (wine), prohibition.
2. <See REFUSE. dry, V. t. exsiccate (tech.; rare), desiccate
drossy, a. slaggy, scoriaceous; spec, scum- (tech.), parch, dehydrate (tech.), evaporate
my, cindery. (rare); spec buccan, drain, blot, passulate
drove, n. 1. herd; spec, string. (rare), sear, kiLn, stove, sammy.
2. See CROWD, collection. Antonyms: see wet, moisten, drench,
drown, v. t. 1. See suffocate. SOAK, water.
2. overwhelm, overpower; spec, (of sound) dry, V. i. desiccate, dehydrate, exsiccate
deafen, deaden, outcry, outroar. (rare); spec sear (rare).
drudge, v. i. work (contextual), fag (often Antonyms: see soak.
spec in Eng. school cant), grind, slave, dryer, n. desiccative, desiccant, siccative,
plod, dig, plow, grub, hack, scrub. exsiccator (rare), dehydrator (tech.), ex-
drudge, n. worker (contextual); spec grub, siccant (rare).
hack, grubstreeter (literary), packhorse drying, a. siccative, exsiccant (rare), exsic-
(fig.), devil or deviller (colloq.), scrub, cative (rare), desiccant (tech.), desicca-
plodder, slave, fag (in an Eng. school), tive; spec, torref active (rare).
grind, penny-a-liner. dryness, n. dryth (obs. or dial. Eng.), arid-
drudgery, n. work (contextual); spec, fag ity (chiefly spec), drought or drouth (rare,
(rare),_ grind, hackwork (chiefly deprecia- exc. spec).
tory),journeywork, slavery. Antonyms: see moisture.
drug, n. 1. medicine, physic (chiefly spec), d-sbaped, u.. Spec, deltoid (like Greek A).
medicinal, dope (chiefly spec; slang); dub, V. t. 1. See knight, honor, name.
spec, elixir. 2. Spec, dress, trim, grease.
2. See COMMODITY. duck, n. 1. dilly (colloq. or dial.), quack
drug, V. t. medicate, dose, physic (chiefly (humorous); spec duckling, flapper,
spec), dope (chiefly spec; slang); spec drake, pintail, sprigtail, calloo, callow,
stupefy. dundiver, garrot, gadwall, Harlequin,
druggist, n. apothecary (obsolescent in hardhead (U. S.), golden-eye, granny,
England, and less common than "drug- waterwitch, merganser, mallard, teal, old-
gist" in U. S.), pharmaceutist or pharma- wife, old-squaw, shoveler, scaup, eider,
cist (tech.), pharmacopolist (rare). eider duck, dungbird.
f^ Cross references: see Note. drowsy: sleepy, dry, n.; prohibitionist.
drowse: sleep. drub: beat. dual: double.

US' See Notes ol Explanation.

148
 .

DURATION
duok, & t. 1. See dip.
V. i. Antonyms: see bright, iridescent. ,
2. lower (contextical), bob (jerkily), bend, 8. Referring to sounds: flat, dead, muffled,
dodge, bow. shut (rare).
duot, n. channel (contextual); spec, pipe, Antonyms: see clear, shrill.
tube, chimney, funnel, flue. 9. Referring to a market: flat, inactive,
ductile, a. I. malleable, tensile; spec, ex- slack; spec, unresponsive.
tensible, tractile (rare), tough. dull, V. t. 1. See stupefy, depress, dark-
Antonyms: see kefractort, itnyield- en, BLUNT.
INQ, RIGID. 8. Referring to mental activity: deaden, ob-
2. See PLASTIC, MANAGEABLE, PLIANT. tund (chiefly med.), hebetate (rare), numb,
due, a. 1. owed, owing, mature, dueful benumb, bedull (intensive), blunt, jade
(archaic), rightful; spec, payable; see (hy wearying), retund (rare), dullify (col-
ACCRUED. loq.), damp or dampen (as the appetite,
2. See DESERVED, PROPER, ADEQUATE, desire, ardor, etc.), blur, besot (with dissi-
ATTRIBUTABLE. pation), torpify (rare); spec, cloud.
due, n. 1. droit (law), right; spec, charge, Antonyms: see stimulate.
fee, toll, tribute, duty, tax; see debt. S. Referring to a surface: unpolish (rare),
2. desert, merit (chiefly in pi.). deaden; spec, tarnish.
duel, n. fight (contextual), rencounter (lit- 4. Referring to colors: deaden, somber
erary), monomachy (rare); spec, holmgang (rare), sober.
(rare). dullness, n. Spec, cheerlessness, dark-
1.
duet, n. composition (contextual), duo ness, bluntness, stupidity, depression,
duetto (rare).
(Italian), flatness, deadness.
dull, a. 1, See stupid, cheerless, de- 2. insensitiveness, unfeelingness; spec.
pressing, BLUNT, dark. meropia, numbness, lang[uidness.
2. Referring to capacity of feeling: dim, 3. spiritlessness, dumpishness, lifeless-
insensitive, unfeeling, inapprehensive, ness, heaviness, doldnams (pi.; fig.)^ en-
gross, Boeotian (fig.), fat, saturnine (liter- nui; spec, apathy, lethargy, sleepmess,
ary), obtuse, muzzy (colloq.), blunt, etc.
sluggish, inert; spec, numb, languid, 4. uninterestingness, tediousness, tedium,
besotted, cloudy. iiLsipidity, frigidity, monotony, etc.
Antonyms: see sensitive. 5. Referring to colors: sobriety, obscurity,
3. Referring to mental capacity or condi- plainness, etc.
tion as to interest: spiritless, heavy, dump- Antonyms: see brightness.
ish, unanimated, listless, torpid, dead, in- 6. Referring to a surface: lusterlessness,
animated, lifeless, indifferent; spec, apa^ mattness, opacity, etc.
thetic, phlegmatic, inapprehensive (rare), duly, adv. rightly, right, deservedly, prop-
sleepy, numb, depressed, dark, lumpish, erly.
Boeotian (fig.). dumb, a. 1. voiceless, mute, inarticulate,
Antonyms: see sharp, shrewd, preco- tongueless.
cious, WITTY. 2. See silent, noiseless.
4. Referring to sensations, os pain: obtuse dumb, V. t. gag (fig. or in transferred
(rore),' heavy. senses), disvoice (rare).
6. Referring to what affects the mind or at- dump, n. 1. See counter.
tention: vapid, uninteresting, tedious, in- 2. dumpling (person of rounded outline)
sipid, tame, dry, jejune (literary); spec. dump, n. Spec, tip, tipple (local, U. S.).
tiresome, insulse (rare), drear (chiefly po- dung-eating, a. coprophagous.
etic), drearisome (rare), dreary, humdium, dungeon, n. I. donjon, keep.
monotonous, routine, commonplace, pro- 2. Spec, oubliette (French); see vault,
saic, prosy, ponderous, irksome, frigid, flat. prison.
Antonyms: see amusing, clever, witty. dupe, n. victim (contextual), dotterel (fig.),
6. Referring
to colors: sober, obscure, sad, pigeon (cant), gull, cully, fool (archaic),
plain, colorless, somber, grave, sordid; stale (archaic).
spec, dirty, muddy, gray. dupe, V. t. deceive, fool, victimize (coUoq.),
Antonyms: see vivid, bright, glowing. pigeon (cant), gull; spec, cheat.
7. Referring to a surface: lusterless, lack- duplicate, n. double; spec, copy, replica,
luster, opaque, matt, dead, rayless (rare), facsimile.
flat. duration, n. Spec, continuance, quantity,

l^r Cross references: see Note. dumpish: depressed, dull. duplicate, v. L: double, copy,
dummy, a.: pretend. stupid. repeat.
dummy, n.: mute, blockhead, dun, a.: drab. durance: duration, imprison-
agent, counterfeit, model. dun, V. t.: ask ment, confinement.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

11 149
 DURESS
date, term, tenor, longitude (rare), time, 2. pigment (contextual); spec, grain, dye-
durance (archaic). stuff.
during, a. pending, within, in, through, dye, V.t. color (contextual), strain, grain

over (a period of time). (spec, or poetic), imbue (literary); spec.

dust, n. dirt (contextual), powder, pother tinge, shade, double-dye, ingrain.
(rare); spec, smother, coom or coomb dying, a. moribund (literary or learned),
(Scot, or local Eng.), breeze, cully, slack, fey (archaic), mortal; spec commorient.
culm, ashes, pouce, pounce, smoke. dyspeptic, a. 1. indigestive.
duty, n. 1. obligation, ought (rare), devoir 2. See IRASCIBLE.
(archmc).
2. obligation, part, charge, business (spec,
or fig.); spec, office, function, task, bur-
den, trust, commission. eager, o. 1. See spirited, strenuotis.
Antonyms: see priyileqe. 2. desirous, keen, fervent, fervid, hot-
3. See TAX. headed, hot (colloq.), zealous, ardent,
dwarf, n. diminutive, pygmy pigmy w agog (predicative); spec, vehement, ear-
(often spec), droich (Scot.), hop-o'-my- nest.
thumb (literary); spec, bantam, midge, Antonyms: see apathetic.
midget, runt (contemptuous, exc. of ani- eagle, n. erne (rww chiefl yspec); spec.
mals), Lilliputian (spec, or fig.), fingerhng ringtail, sore-eagle, griffin, harpy, eaglet.
(rare), dandiprat (archaic), micromorph ear, n. head (of various composite fruits,
and rare), manikin, Negrito, Ne- as cereals); spec, spike.
(tech.
grillo. —
ear, n. 1. listener (slang); referring to the
Antonyms: see giant. external ear: lug (chiefly Scot.), shell
dwarf, a. dwarfish or pygmy, pigmy, (chiefly poet.), concha (tech.), conch
dwarfly (rare), undershapen (rare), un- (rare); spec, pnck-ear, crop-ear.
dersized, runtish (contemptuous, exc. of 2. projection (contextual), lug; spec, loop,
animals), undergrown, runty (U. S.); canon, cannon.
spec, scrubby. 8. See hearing, attention, audience.
Antonyms: see gigantic. earache, n. otalgia (tech.).
dwarf, V. t. 1. stunt, bedwarf (tniejmwe). eardrum, n. drum (contextu^, tympanum
2. See DIMINISH, BELITTLE. (tech.).
dwell, V. i. 1. See delay, contintje. eared, a. spiked (like corn).
2. abide, reside (formal), domicile (chiefly earlier, a. old (contextual), former, previ-
legal), live, harbor (archaic), wont (rare), oiis, elder.
inhabit (rare), stay (colloq.)^ tenant (rare), Antonyms: see later.
lodge, home inhabit (rare), keep early, adx. betimes, soon; spec, timely.
(rare),
(rare); spec, house, cabin, kennel, den, early, a. rathe (poetic); spec, timely, au-
tabernacle, tent, room, sojourn, tarry. roral, matutinal or matinal, rareripe,
3. harp (in "to harp on"). ratheripe or rathripe (poetic), precocious.
dweller, n. inhabitant, abider, liver Antonyms: see late.
(chiefly U. S.), habitant (rare), residenti- earmark, v. t. Spec, crop, dog's-ear, dog-
ary, resident (chiefly formal or tech.); spec. ear.
denizen. "Inhabitant" and "resident" are earnest, n. 1. payment (contextual), in-
the two common terms. stallment (contextual), handsel spec. God's ;

dwelling, n. abode (chiefly literary), tene- penny (n.ow dial.), earnest-money.

ment (chiefly tech.), inhabitation, lodging, 2. Referring to an indication of what is to
lodge (chiefly spec); spec, house, cottage, come: pledge, promise, handsel, foretaste.
establishment, tent, tepee, shanty, shack, earnest, u.. 1. intent, serious, intense; spec
dugout, manse, mansion, castle, hutch eager, impassioned, animated, cordial.
(contemptuous), hut, gunyah (Australia), Antonyms: see insincere, tripling,
hermitage, igloo (Eskimo), familistery, PLAYFUL.
bourock (Scot.), cot, barrack, bothy, 2. See important.
chalet, cell, den, bungalow, court, dog- earnestness, n. earnest (only in "in ear-
hole, embassy, cabin, bower, drosty, nest," "in real earnest," etc.), impress-
booth (archaic), tabernacle. ment (rare), seriousness, intentness.
dye, n. 1. See colob. Antonyms: see play.

I^r Cross references; see Note. dwindle: decline, diminish. earlier: before.
duress: impriaanmeni, con- earliest, a.: first, original.
straint.
E earn: gain.
dusky: dim. eagle-e^ed: sharp-sighted, dis- oarmarls, v, t: mark.
dust, V. t.: diriy^ powder, clean. cerning. earnest-money: earnest.

V^' See Notes of Explanation.

150
 EATING
earnings, n. pi. 1. pay (sing.; context- easily, adv. easy (colloq. or vulgar); spec.
ual), gettings {pi.; archaic), wages (.pi. or conveniently, carelessly, smoothly, glib,
sing.; chiefly spec.), salary (sing.; chiefly readily, gently, etc.
spec.). east, re. 1. dawn (poetic), orient (poetic or
2. See PROFITS. archaic), rise (fig.).
earth, n. 1. planet (contexttud), ball (fig.), Antonyms: see west.
globe, terrene (rare), terra (tech.), Tellus 2. east country, eastland (reoj/) poetic);
(fig.; literary), world (chiefly spec.); spec. spec. Orient.
counterearth, Midgard (mythol.). eastern, a. eastwardly, eastward, east
2. world (os the home of man and other (more colloq. and v,sual than "eastern"),
creatures), mold or mould (poetic or obs.). eoan (rare), auroral or aurorean (literary),
8. Referring to the solid substance of the orient or oriental (rare, exc. as capitalized
earth: ground, clod (literary), glebe (po- and spec, of the Levant), easterly.
etic or rhetorical), land, mold or mould Antonyms: see western.
(poetic or obs.); spec, rock, sand, mud, easterner, n. oriental (rare, exc. as capital-
muck, dirt (colloq.; often derogatory or ized and spec), easterling (archaic, exc.
contemptuous), clay, loam, hard pan hist.).
(chiefly U. S.), dust, etc. easy, a. 1. comfortable.
4. Referring to that part of the ground in 2. Spec free, tmembarrassed, uncon-
which plants grow: soil, mold or mould strained, tractable, careless,
effortless,
(poetic or spec); spec, loam, humus, dirt smooth, ready, natural, graceful,
facile,
(colloq.), muck. airy, soft, gentle, moderate, indolent, un-
5. Referring to worldly things or state: concerned, easy-going, restful, compliant,
world (used with "the"). complaisant, credulous, loose, wealthy.
6. See MANKIND, BURROW. ArUonyms: see severe.
earth-born, a. I. terrigenous (rare). 8. facile, Ught; spec, convenient.
2. See HUMAN, WORLDLY. Antonyms: see difficult.
earthen, a. earth; spec, stone, dirt, clay, easy-going, a. easy, jog-trot, happy-go-
—
mud, etc.; the nouns used attributively. lucky.
earthenware, n. crockery; spec, cloam, eat, V. i. 1. consume (contextual), devour,
doom (obs. or dial. Eng.), china, delf or discuss demolish (slang),
(humorous),
delft, stoneware, crouchware,
pottery, mandicate engorge (rare),
(rare); spec,
porcelam, Wedgewood ware, pebble or touch, gormandize, gluttomze, dispatch
Jiebbleware, majolica, terra-cotta, Bel- (colloq.), table (rare), gorge.
eek, etc. 2. See consume, corrode, erode, wear.
earthly, a. 1. terrestrial, earthy (rare). eat, V. i. feed (now chiefly of animals), vic-
2. unspiritual, nonspiritual; spec, ma- tual (rare); spec, gorge, pick or peck (fig.,
terial, worldly, sensual, bodily, temporal. colloq./ or slang, exc. of birds), raven, gor-
Antonyms: see divine, spiritual, eteie- mandize, mess, lunch, board, common
REAL. (chiefly in school and college use), dine,
8. conceivable, possible. dinner (rare), sup, supper (rare or colloq.),
earthquake, n. quake, shock, seism (rare); collation (obs.), breakfast, grub (slang).
spec, microseism. eatable, a. edible, esculent Qech. or liter-
earthworm, n. angleworm, dew-worm; ary), ciborious (rare).
spec, lobworm. Antonyms: see uneatable.
earthy, a. earthUke, cloddy (deprecior
1. eatable, n. edible, esculent (literary or
tory), terrene (rare), glebous (rare); spec. tech.), comestible (learned and usually hu-
muddy, clayey, dusty. morous or a^ected), gustable (rare).
2. terrestrial. eater, n. consumer, devourer; spec, epicure,
8. See MATERIAL, GROSS, COARSE. gorger, glutton, diner, luncher, gourmet
earwaz, n. cerumen (tech.). (French).
ease, n. I. comfort. eating, eadacious (chiefly humorous).
a. t.
2. easiness; spec, carelessness,freedom, 2. Spec, corj-osive, erosive, gnawing.
relief, facility, leisure, convenience, rest, eating, n. 1. consumption, devourment,
repose, content, unconstraint, uncon- manducation (rare), eat (obs., slang, or
cern. cant), repast (rare).
Antonyms: see constraint, difficulty. 2. gastrology.
ease, v. t. 1. See comfort, mitigate, re- 3. Spec, consumption, corrosion, erosion,
lieve, diminish. frettmg, etc.
2. facilitate, smooth, favor. eating house, restaurant; spec. caf€.
fS° Cross references: see Note. easeful: comfortable. east, a.: eastern.
earshot: hearing. eaeel: support. easterly, a..* eastern.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

151
 EAVES
chophouse, coffee house, caffeteria, eat ecstasy, n. gladness (contextual), rapture,
(cant or slang). transport, rapt (rare), raptus (rare),
eaves, n. pi. overhang. paroxysm, intoxication, enthusiasm, rav-
ebony, n. 1. Referring to the wood: ebon ishment (rare); spec, trance, frenzy,
(now poetic). agony, madness, nympholepsy.
2. See DABK. Antonyms: see apathy, calm.
eccentric, a. 1. Spec, decentered. ecstatic, a. glad (contextual), transported,
2. Spec, elliptic, parabolic, hyperbolic. ecstasied, rapt, enrapt, enraptured, rap-
S. peculiar, queer, odd, oddish, strange, turous, rhapsodical, raptured; spec, en-
bizarre, singular, erratic, cranky, outr6 thusiastic (rare).
(French), quaint, outlandish; spec, fantas- Antonyms: see apathetic, calm.
tic, abnormal, whimsical, etc. eddy, n. countercurrent (contextu/d; rare),
eccentric, n. crocheteer (rare), hobbyist, swirl; spec, whirlpool.
monomaniac, crank (colloq.), curiosity, eddy, v. i. swirl, gurge (rare).
quiz (rare), original; spec. guy. edge, n. 1. Referring to a projecting part
eccentricity, n. peculiarity) queemess, where two surfaces meet at an angle: spec.
oddity, oddiiess, strangeness, bizarrerie featheredge, face, beard, bit, burr, hip,
(French), singularity, erraticness, cranki- groin, arris, bezel, waney, gunwale or
ness, quaintness, outlandishness; spec. gunnel, crest, hem, verge.
fantasticalness, abnormality, whimsical- 2. Referring to the place where a surface
ity, etc. terminates: verge, margin, limit (chiefly
ecclesiastic, ecclesiastical, a. church in pi.), bound, brim (chiefly spec), side,
(the atlributive use of the noun), churchly; coast (archaic), bordure (chiefly her.), b"p,
spec, religious. rim, brink,, border; spec, skirt (chiefly in
ecclesiastic, n. Spec, churchman, con- pi.), hem, outskirt (chiefly in pi.), limb,
ventual, prior; see monk, ntjn, minister. exergue, list, selvage or selvedge, footing,
echo, n. 1. reverberation (learned or tech.), fringe, listing, edging, leech, deckle edge,
reply, return, repercussion (rare), reflec- berm, curb, bezel, bank.
tion (rare or tech.); spec, re-echo. Antonyms: see body, center.
2. See REPETITION, IMITATION. 3. intensity; spec, sharpness, zest, keen-
echo, V. t. 1. reverberate, retiun; spec, re- ness, bitterness, sting.
echo. edge, V. t. 1. See sharpen.
2. See REPEAT, COPT. 2. border, rim, margin, skirt, marginate
echo, V. i. reverberate, resound, reply, ring, (rare); spec, fringe, befringe (rare), purl,
redound (rare); spec, re-echo. belace.
economical, a. economizing, saving, spar- edged, a. 1. See sharp.
ing, provident, parsimonious
thrifty, 2. marginate (tech.), listed, margined,
(rare), frugal; spec, cheap. bordered, etc.
Antonyms: see extravagant, wastb- edging, n. edge (contextual); spec, skirt
ruL. (rare), welt, welting, frill.
economics, n. poUtical economy, chrema- edict, n. 1. decree (contextual); spec, bull,
tistics (often spec), plutonomy (rare), capitulary, constitution.
plutology (rare). 2. See DECISION.
economist, n. poUtical economist, chrem- edit, V. t. 1. redact (tech. or literary); spec.
atist (chiefly spec; rare); spec, physiocrat. revise, arrange, digest.
economize, v. t. save, husband, stint, scant, 2. conduct (for publication, as a period-
spare, scrimp (colloq.), skimp (colloq.): ical).
Antonyms: see waste. editing, n. redaction; spec, revision, recen-
economize, v. i. save, stint, scant, spare, sion.
scrimp
retrraich, (colloq.), skimp (colloq.). edition, n. redaction; spec, (referring to the
economy, n. economizing, economization number printed at one printing) issue, im-
(rare), saving, thrift, thriftiness, saving- pression, impress, printing.
ness, providence, parsimony (rare), spar- editor, n. 1. redactor (tech. or literary), re-
ing, husbandry, husbanding, skimping dacteur (French), reviser.
(colloq.), scanting (colloq.); spec, retrench- 2. conductor (as of a periodical).
ment. editorial, n. leader (chiefly British); spec.
Antonyms: see waste, extravagance. leaderette (chiefly British).

tS^ Cross references: see Note. £clat; distinction. eclogue: idyl.

ebb, n.: outgo, decline. eclectic: choosing. ecliptic: circle.
ebb, V, i.: outflow, decline. eclipse, n.: obscuration, dark- edible: eatable.
ebullition: boiling, bubbling, nesB. [outshine. edifice: building.
agitation. eclipse, V. t: obscure, darken. edify: improve.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

152
 EJECT
educated, a. lettered, literate {learned), efleminate, v. t. soften, emolliate {rare),
cultured. emasculate (a man).
Antonyms: see uneducated. Antonyms: see toughen.
education, n. 1. breeding (bringing up). eSete, a. exhausted.
2. See TEACHING, TRAINING. effloresce, V. i. Referring to a formation on
S. training, culture. minerals, salt solutions, etc: bloom; spec.
efface, v. t. remove (contexttuil), obliterate, crust.
erase {properly spec), expunge, excise efflorescence, n. bloom, florescence, pul-
(properly spec), delete or dele (tech.), out- verulence, powder; spec, crust.
blot (poetic), strike (esp. with "out," etc); efloxt, n. 1. exertion, endeavor, strife,
spec dislimn (rare), rase (rare), snuff, stretch, strain, stress, push (fig.; coUoq.),
sponge. spurt or spirt, trouble, attempt, try; spec,
Antonyms: see interpolate. breath, burst, struggle.
eSect, n. consequence, fruit C^.);
I. 2. See deed.
spec, superconsequenoe, impress, out- eSuision, n. 1. See outflow, utterance,
come. expression, composition.
2. Referring to mental effect on a person: 2. demonstration (of feding), gush, slop-
impression, impressure (rare), ensemble ping over (contemptuous; coUoq^.
(French), impress. eflusive, a. 1. See luxuriant.
8. See MEANING, ACTION, ACTUALITY. 2. demonstrative (which see), gushing,
4. In pi.: goods. exuberant.
eSect, V. t. cause, produce, effectuate, Antonyms: see impassivb, unemotional.
have; spec operate, work, force, accom- egg-shaped, a. oviform, oval, ovate, ovoid,
plish, drive, contrive, negotiate, compass, ovoidal (rare), ovicular (rare), eUipsoidal
conclude, make, contract, execute, per- (a loose usage); spec, obovate.
form, conjure, weep, smile, etc. egoism, n. 1. individualism, self-feeling;
eflective, a. 1. causative, active, operative, spec, suicism (rore), selfishness, self-seek-
dynamic, dynamical. ing, selt-opinionatedness, weism (rare),
2. As implying power or potency in jn-o- solipsism (philos.); see selfishness.
ducing results: efficacious, eilectual, effi- 2. See egotism.
cient, good
(of persons), perficient (rare), egoistic, a. 1. individualistic, self-regard-
prevalent (rare), deedful (rare). ing, self-centered; see selfish.
Antonyms: see barren, ineffectual, 2. See egotistic.
UNPRODUCTIVE. egotism, n. conceit, egoism, suicism
3. In reference affecting a person's
to (rare).
opinion, feeling, or the like: impressive, egotistic, a. egotistical, conceited (con-
forceful, efficacious, telling, fetching, textual), egotistic, self-obtruding.
(colloq.), pointed; spec cogent, stinging, eight, n. Referring to a group of eight
cutting, striking, convincing. things: octave (chiefly spec), ogdoad
eflectlveness, n. causativeness, effectual- (learned), octonary (chiefly spec), octad,
ity, efficaciousness, efficiency, point, octet or octette (rare).
forcefulness, cogency, virtue, duty. eight-angled, a. octangular (tech.).
eflemlnacy, n. womanishness, invirility eightfold, octuple (learned or tech.).
a.
(rare), woman (rare, exc as equiv. to eighth, n. octave (miis.); spec, suboctave
womanliness), femininity, feminity (rare): (rare).
spec tenderness, weakness, delicacy. eight-sided, a. octahedral {tech.), oc-
efleminate, a. womanish, ladylike (prop- tahedric (tech.), eight-square (chiefly
erly spec), soft, silken (fig.; used of men), naut.).
unmanly (used of m^, tender, weak, ejaculate, v. t. 1. See eject.
delicate. 2. To uiter: blurt, bolt; sjkc. exclaim.
Antonyms: see manliness. eject, V. emit, expel, ejaculate (chiefly
t. 1.
efleminate, n. Sardanapalus (j^.), milk- physiol.), cast (used with "out"; rare);
sop, mollycoddle, tenderiing (rare); spec. spec, fire, belch, spew, eructate, eruct,
betty, molly. erupt, eliminate (obs. or humorous), spit.

l^' Cross references: see Note. effete: exhausted. effuse, a.: diffuse, spreading.
educate: train, teach. efficacious: effective, effuse, V. t.: emit, emanate,
educational: instructive. efficacy: effectiveness. eftsoon, eftsoons: afterwards,
eduction: drawing. efficiency: effectiveness, ability, again, immediately.
eerie: fearfvl, weird. efficient; effective. egesta: excrement.
effectual: effective. effigy: figure, egg, V. t,: incite, urge.
effectuate: accomplish. effiuence: outflow, emanation. egregious: outrageous,
effervesce: bubble. effrontery: impudence. egress: exit, outlet,
effervescent: bubbling, lively. effulgent: bright, luminotts. egotistical: egctistic.

i^' See Notes of Explanation.

153
 —

EJECTION
spout, squirt, deliver, void, evacuate, dis- 2. optional, optative, selective, electoral
gorge, regorge; see vomit. (chiefly spec).
Antonyms: see inject. elector, n. chooser; spec, constituent,
2. To drive from a place or position: re- voter.
move, oust, expel, disjjossess, bounce electorate, n. constituency.
(slang); spec, disseize, evict, unnest, un- electric, a. 1. Spec, voltaic, faradaic,
kennel, unhouse. thermoelectric, piezoelectric, etc.
ejection, n. 1. emission, expulsion, ejacu- 2. See THRILLING, EXCITING, STIMULAT-
lation (chiefly spec); spec, delivery, firing, ING.
belching, belch, spewing, eructation, electrified, a. Uve (railj etc).
eruption, spouting, squirt, squirting, de- electrify, v. t. 1. electrize; spec galvanize,
livery, voidance, out-throw (rare), dis- faradize.
gorgement. 2. See THRILL, EXCITE, STIMULATE,
Antonyms: see injection. STARTLE.
2. ouster, expulsion, dispossession, dis- elegance, n. Spec, grace, refinement,
seizing, eviction, removal. courtliness, daintiness, featness (archaic),
3. ejecta (pi.), ejectamenta (pi.); spec. nicety, finish, cultism, Gongorism, pu-
spew, vomit. rism, finery.
elaborate, a. labored, operose (rare); spec. elegant, a. "Elegant" implies good taste
studied, perfected, complicated, detailed, and more or ornaieness, grace, dis-
less
curious, dressy. crimination, or the like, such as is asso-
Antonyms: see simple, elementakt. ciated with the cultured classes. Hence,
elaborate, v. i. work out, develop, labor, with this implication: spec, aesthetic
devise. (learned or literary), graceful, refined,
elaborateness, n. elaboration, detail, courtly, Chesterfieldian, Ciceronian,
nicety, complication, etc. dainty, shapely, trim, feat (archaic), nice,
elaboration, n. 1. development, painstak- genteel (now chiefly used somewhat dis-
ing, perfection, devising. paragingly), silken or silky, chaste, cul-
2. See elaborateness. tured, neat, polished, finished.
elastic, a. 1. resUient (chiefly tech.), Antonyms: see crude.
springy; spec, expansive. elegist, n. threnodist, monodist.
Antonyms: see plastic, inelastic. element, n. 1. See component, pakt.
2. See BUOYANT (in mind). 2. Formerly: spec, earth, air, fire, water.
elate, v. t. excite, enliven, exhilarate, exalt, 5. Now chem., see the list in the diction-
elevate (now rare), flush, animate; spec. aries.
please, gladden, puff, inflate. 4. Spec, datum, condition, moment or
Antonyms: see depress, annoy. momentum (tech. or literary), factor,
elated, a. elate (archaic or poetic), exalted, principle,germ, rudiment, fundamental,
swollen, flushed, exhilarated, animated; principium (rare), primary.
spec, joyful, glad, inflated, puffed-up. 6. In the Christian religion: spec host,
Antonyms: see depressed. bread, wine, eulogia (hist.), Eucharist.
elation, n. excitement, enUvemnent, ex- elementary, component
a. 1. (rare). See
altation, flush, elevation (now rare), ani- SIMPLE, UNCOMPOUNDED.
mation; spec, joy, pride. 2. initial, rudimentary, inchoate, incipi-
Antonyms: see depression. ent, primary, fundamental, basal or basic,
elbow, n. ancon (tech.), joint (contextual). primordial.
elbow, V. t. push, nudge (gently); spec. Antonyms: see elaborate.
jostle. elephant, n. Spec, foal, tusker, mam-
elbowlike, a. anconal, anconoid; hoth moth, mastodon.
tech. elevate, v. t. 1. See RAISE (physically),
elect, V. i. choose; spec, return, predesti- ELATE.
nate. 2. To raise in rank, etc.: raise, advance,
elect, a. chosen; spec, predestinated. exalt, aggrandize; spec, dignify, promote,
elect, n. Spec, predestinate. ennoble.
election, n. choice; spec, by-election, pre- Antonyms: see abase, degrade.
destination. 8. Toraise the mental or moral character
elective, a. 1. choosing; spec, constituent. of: raise, lift, exalt; spec, refine.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. eld: age, antiquity. eldritch: weird.
ejective: expulsive. elder, a.: earlier, old, superior. elect: chosen.
eke: also. elder, n.: senior, electioneer: campaign.
Slan: ardor, spirit. elderly: old. elegiac: mournful.
elapse: passing. eldest: oldest. elegy: dirge.

tS° See Notes of Explanation.

154
 —
EMBASSY
Antonyms: see contaminate, degrade. else, adv. differently, otherwise.
elevated, a. 1. See high, upturned. elucidate, v. t. clarify, iUucidate {rare),
3. Referring to mental or moral character: illuminate, illustrate; spec, explain, in-
high, lofty, grand, subhme, soaring, terpret, demonstrate.
empjjreal (fig.), grandiose, high-flown, Antonyms: see confuse.
buskined {literary), noble, magnificent. elucidative, a. illustrative, demonstrative,
Antonyms: see vile, degraded, de- clarifying, illucidative, illuminative, il-
praved. luminatory; spec explanatory, interpre-
elevating, a. ennobling, inspiring, exalt- tative.
ing. Antonyms: see confusing.
Antonyms: see contaminative. elusive, a. 1. evasive; seeking to evade, as
elevation, n. 1. See raising, delinea- the grasp.
tion. 2. elusory, lubricous {literary), slippery
2. raising, advancement, exaltation, ag- {fig.), subtle, shifty, baffling, shy; spec.
grandization; spec, dignification, promo- deceptive, equivocatory, ilUusory.
tion, ennoblement. emaciate, v. t. thin, waste, extenuate
Antonyms: see degradation. {rare), disflesh {rare).
8. raising (morally or iniellectiudly) lift- emaciation, n. leanness, tabescence {rare).
,

ing, exaltation; spec, refinement. emanate, v. t. emit, effuse; spec, exhale,

Antonyms: see degradation. evaporate, radiate.
4. Referring to state or position or elevated emanate, v. i. flow, proceed, issue, come;
rank, as in character: spec, height, dignity, spec, exhale, evaporate, radiate.
eminence, eminency. emanation, n. 1. emission, effluence, ef-
Antonyms: see degradation, deprav- fluvium {thing emanated), efflux; spec.
ity. aura, exhalation, mephitis (noxious).
5. Referring to an elevated object or place: 2. Referring to impalpable things: evapora/-
height, eminence {chiefly literary); spec. tion, radiation.
hill, swell {of land), mountain. emasculate, v. t. 1. See castrate.
Antonyms: see hollow. 2. weaken, unman; spec effeminate, ef-
elevator, n. {chiefly Eng. or
lift tech.), feminize.
hoist {chiefly spec.); spec, whim, dumb- embankment, n. 1. embanking.
waiter. 2. mound (rare); spec, dike, remblai
eleventh, a. undecennary {tech. or learned). (French), mole, bulwark, bund (Anglo-
ell, n. demon {contextual), sprite, fairy, imp Indian).
{chiefly spec), elfin, pygmy, puck, pixy; embarrass, v. t. 1. discomfort, demoralize,
spec, urchin. disconcert, discomfit; spec, nonplus, in-
elfish, a. demonic {contextual), impish volve, bother, abash, encumber, trouble,
{chiefly spec), fairy, elfin, elvish; sj>ec. harass, annoy, shame, mortify, hamper,
mischievous, weird. confuse.
elicit, V. t. draw {used with "forth" or Antonyms: see disembarrass.
"ovi"), extract, call {used with "out"), 2. See complicate.
evoke, fetch {rurw becoming colloq. or rare), embarrassing, a. demoralizing, awkward,
educe, expiscate {humorous or Scot.); spec. difficult, disconcerting, bothersome, etc.
wrest or wring, extort, pump. Antonyms: see assure.
elite, n. chosen {pi), flower {collective embarrassment, n. discomfort, discon-
sing.); see chosen, best. certion, disconoertedness (the state), dis-
elocution, n. utterance; spec deUvery, comfiture; spec, cumber, confusion, shame,
oratory, eloquence. difficulty, mortification, constraint, abash-
elocutionist, n. Spec reader, speaker. ment, involvement, pressure, trouble,
eloquence, n. facundity {rare); spec, ora- vexation, perplexity, etc.
tory. Antonyms: see assurance.
eloquent, a. facund {rare); spec. Cicero- embassy, n. 1. commission, embassade
nian, oratorical. (archaic), embassage (archaic).
else, a. other, different, besides or beside 2. legation, embassage (archaic), embas-
{predicatively used), more. sade (archaic).
Antonyms: see alike. 3. residence (contextual), legation.

tS" Cross references: see Note. ellipsis: omission, elusion: evasion, avoidance.
elide: ddete. eloign: remove. emaciated: thin.
eligible: qualified. elongate, v.: lengthen. emancipate: free.
eliminate, v. t.: expel, excrete, elongate, a.: lengthened, oblong. embalm: preserve.
omit, ignore, suppress, abstract. elope: depart. embark, v, t.: ship, invest.
ellzlx: dntg. elude: evade, avoid. embark, v. i.: engage.

IS' See Notes of Explanation.

155
 —

EMBATTLE
embattle, v. i. crenel (rare), crenellate embrasure, n. 1. Spec, splay.
(rare). 2. opening (contextual), vent (rare); spec.
embed, v. t. bed, impaste {rare), enlay porthole (mil.).
(chiefly spec.). embroider, v. t. ornament (contextual),
embellish, v. t. work; spec, branch, lace, tambour, couch.
enrich; spec, vary, em-
blazon, emblaze. embroidered, a. ornamented (contextual),
embezzle, v. t. misappropriate, misapply, worked; spec, orphreyed or orfrayed.
convert, peculate (chiefly spec). "Em- embroidery, n. ornamentation (context-
bezzling" is accomplished by fraud or ual), work; spec, orphrey or orfray, sam-
breach of trust in relation to property al- pler, spatterwork, needlework, insertion,
ready legally in one's possession; "stealing" orris, phuUiari (East Indian).
by wrongfully getting possession of property embroil, v. t. Set by the ears; no single-
vnth intention to appropriate it. word synonyms.
embezzle, v. i. misappropriate, defalcate, embryo, n. 1. Spec, fetus or foetus, concep-
peculate (chiefly spec?). tion (fig.), corcle or oorcule (bot.), mole or
emibitter, v. t. 1. Referring to the taste: see mola.
BITTER. 2. See BEGINNING.
2. Referring to the mind: envenom, em- emerge, v. i. I. issue; spec, peep, outcrop
poison (literary), rankle (rare), sour, ex- (also fig.), appear.
acerbate (make more bitter; literary). Antonyms: see sink, dip.
Antonyms: see soften. 2. See ARISE.
3. Referring to persons: exasperate, poi- emergence, n. 1. issuance, emergency;
son, envenom; spec, exacerbate (literary). spec, outcrop, peeping, appearance, emer-
Antonyms: see soften. sion (chiefly astron.).
embodiment, n. bodiment, insubstantia- Antonyms: see dip.
tion (rare), image, incorporation; spec. 2. See ARISING.
incarnation, personification, personation emetic, a. vomitory, vomitive (rore), ec-
(rare), impanation, avatar (theosophy), critic (rare).
epiphany. emetic, n. puke (not now in polite usage),
embody, v. t. incorporate, corporate (rare), vomitory (tech. or rare), vomitive (rare),
body, insubstantiate (rare); spec, incar- vomit (rare), eccritic (rare); spec, castor
nate, impersonate, enflesh (rare), encar- oil, rhubarb, etc.
naUze (rare), personify, impanate, pillar. emigrant, n. migrant; spec, colonist, re-
Antonyms: see spiritualize. demptioner (XJ. S.).
embolden, v. t. hearten, encourage, em- Antonyms: see immigrant.
brave (rare), nerve, inspirit; spec, reas- emigrate, v. i. depart (contextual), mi-
sure. grate.
Antonyms: see discourage. Antonyms: see immigrate.
emboss, v. t. Referring to a surface: or-
1. emigration, n. departure (contextual), mi-
nament (contextual), boss; spec, knot, gration; spec, exodus.
pounce (hist.). emission, n. 1. emitting, discharge; spec.
Antonyms: see indent. projection, radiation, exudation, emana-
3. Referring to projecting parts: raise, tion, expression, exhalation, delivery.
boss; spec. knot. Antonyms: see absorption.
embrace, clasp (contextu/d), clutch
v. t. 1. 2. See ISSUANCE.
(contextual), clip (archaic or dial.), fathom emit, V. t. 1. discharge, deUver, emanate
(rare), halse (Scot.), hold (contextual), (rare or spec); spec, shoot, spirt, dart,
bosom (fig.), fold, infold or enfold (inten- dartle, squirt (undignified), jet, evolve, ra-
sive), entwine (intensive), grapple, em- diate, breathe, exhale, effuse, bleed (fig.),
bosom (intensive), hug; spec, cuddle, lock, express, shed, gush, vent, puff, thiow,
enlock (intensive; rare), nurse. hurl, foam, outpour.
2. See INCLUDE, ADOPT, ACCEPT. RECEIVE. Antonyms: see swallow, absorb.
embrace, n. 1. clasp (contextual), clip (ar- 2. See ISSUE, utter.
chaic), embracement (rare), hold (context- emotional, a. 1. emotive.
ual), fold, hug. 2. sentimental (to excess or affectedly),
2. See EMBRACE, ADOPTION, ACCEPTANCE, pathematic (rare), feeling, pathetic (rare),
RECEPTION, ESPOUSAL. affective; spec, maudlin, mawkish, demon-

t^^ Cross references: see Note. emblematic, emblematical, embroilment: qiiarrel.

emblaze: illuminate. a.: symbolic. emendable: corrigible.
emblazon: delineate, depict, emblematize: symbolize. emendate: correct.
embellish, celebrate, embouchure: mouth, mouth- eminent: elevaJted, disti-W'
emblem: symbol, badge. piece. guished, conspicuous.

XW See Notes ol Explanation.

166
 —
ENCROACH
strative, sickly (coUoq.), sicklied, intense, loaded, unfilled, emptied, exhausted, de-
languorous, languismng, unctioua (rare), pleted, distitute, free.
unctuous, mushy. Antonyms: see pull.
Antonyms: see apathetic. 2. See HOLLOW (of a sound), hungry, de-
emotionalize, v. i. sentimentalize; spec. void.
gush, languish. 3. unsubstantial, vain, useless; spec, void,
emperor, n. monarch (contextual), czar foolish, trivial, unsatisfying, meaningless,
(chiefly spec. & hisl.), caesar (chiefly spec. frivolous, unfeeling, fruitless, senseless,
& hist.), kaiser (chiefly spec. &
hist.); spec. insincere, inane, stupid, etc.
kaiserllng (chiefly dim.), imperator (hist.), Antonyms: see significant, pithy.
Mikado Son of Heaven).
(lit., empty, v. t. 1. void (literary or tech.), de-
emphasis, n. t. See accent, force. plenish (rare), deplete' spec, buzz (Eng.),
2. significance, weight, accentuation, ac- disglut (rare), drink, clear, draw, exhaust,
cent, stress. gut (fig.), evacuate, bottom (rare), drain.
Antonyms: see disbbgabd. AnU)nyms: see pill, stuff.
emphasize, v. t. accentuate, mark,
See discharge.
stress, 2.
punctuate; spec, underline, underscore, emulate, v. t. rival.
enforce. emulation, n. rivalry, vying, competition
Antonyms: see disregard. {for some specific object), strife.
emphatic, a. forcible, forceful, impres- emulous, a. Meaning: desirous of equaling
sive, decided, strong, significant; spec, in- or excelling; strifeful; no exact synonyms.
tensive, expressive, positive, energetic, un- enable, v. t. empower.
equivocal, distinct. Antonyms: see disable.
Antonyms: see apathetic. enact, v. t. i. decree, make, pass.
empire, n. 1. domain (contextual), domin- Antonyms: abolish, revoke.
ion (contextual), imperium (formal or 2. See act.
hist.). enamel, n. ornamentation (contextual),
2. See domain. glaze; spec, cloisonne (French).
employee, n. employ^, agent (rare or tech.), enamor or enamour, v. t. captivate, smite
help (a collective); spec, man, hand, ser- (chiefly in p. 'p., "smitten"). "Enamor"
vant, clerk. "Employee" is chiefly U.S. takes "of"; "captivate" u,sually "with."
Antonyms: see employer. enchase, v. t. 1. See set, vabibgatb.
employer, n. governor (slang), boss (cant 2. ornament (contextual); spec, chase, en-
or slang), master (chiefly legal). grave, inlay, emboss.
Antonyms: see employee. encircle, v. t. 1. surround, embrace, en-
emptiness, n. 1. hoDowness, voidness, compass, environ; spec, span, twine, ring,
vacuity (literary), inanition (chiefly spec), enring (intensive), rim, infold or enfold,
vacuousness (rare), inanity (rare), war- orb (elevated), loop, inorb (rare), inarch,
cancy, vacantness; spec, exhaustion, de- necklace.
pletion, etc. 2. See circuit.
Antonyms: see fullness. encore, v. t. recall, call (chiefly in "call
2. See hollowness (of a sound), hungbb. before the curtain").
8. Referring to an empty space: inane (lit- encourage, v. t. 1. animate, strengthen,
erary), void (the usual word), vacuity (lit- hearten, enhearten (intensive), heart (ar-
erary or tech.), hollow; spec, vacuum (tech.). chaic), fortify, chirrup (chiefly spec), in-
4. unsubstantiality, vanity, hollowness, spirit; spec, reanimate, cheer, abet, em-
uselussness; spec, frivolity, vanity, unsat- bolden, mcite, urge, stimulate, assure, re-
isfying, unsatisfactoriness, meaningless- assure, comfort.
ness, triviality, unfeelingness, fruitless- Antonyms: see abash, discourage, op-
ness, senselessness, insincerity, inanity, press, frighten.
stupidity, etc. 2. See approve, aid.
empty, a. 1. hollow, vacant, vacuous encroach, v. i. advance, accroach (rare),
(rare), inane (rare); spec, blank, clear, un- trench (esp. of immaterial things), in-

J^" Cross references: see Note. emporium^: market, warehouse, encase; incase.
emotionless: ^unfeeling. shop. enceinte; pregruint.
emphasizing: intensive. empower: enable, authorize. enchain: bind, confine.
empiric: quack, empress: monarch. enchant: bewitch, captivate,
emplacement: platform. ompressment: cordiality, de- please. [tivaiion.
employ, n.; use, occupation, monslrativeness. enchantment: bewitchery, cap-
service. empyreal; heavenly, fiery. encomiast; praiser.
employ, v. t: occupy. empyrean; heaven. encomiastic: laudatory.
employment; use, occupation, emulge: drain. encomium; eulogy.
business, service. {embitter. enable; empower. encompass; surround, encircle.
empoison: poison, contaminate, encamp; camp. encore: again.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

157
 — —
ENCROACHMENT
fringe; spec, usurp (rare), invade, tres- Antonyms: see inpanct.
pass, intrude. 8. See DEATH, RESULT, OBJECT.
encroachment, n. advancement, infringe- end, V. t. 1. terminate (a more formal word
ment, infraction, trenching, inroad, m- than "end"), conclude (formal); spec, fin-
vasion; spec, trespass, intrusion, purpres- ish, stop, close, cease, discontinue, dis-
ture. solve, aboUsh, destroy, annihilate.
encumber, v. 1. 1. Implying a hindering by 2. To form an end to: terminate, deter-
something that burdens, drags upon, clogs, mine (formal); spec, head, tail, fetch up.
or the like: cumber, embarrass; spec, bur- Antonyms: see begin.
den, hamper, obstruct, hinder. 8. See KILL.
2. lumber, burden; to weigh down vnth end, V. i. 1. terminate (more formal than
what is useless. "end"), conclude (formal); spec, finish,
Antonyms: see unload. cease, stop, expire, lapse, discontinue, dis-
3. burden, charge; spec, mortgage. solve, determine (Jormal).
encumbrance, n. 1. cumber (rare), cum- Antonyms: see begin.
brance, cumberment (rare), embarrass- 2. To cease to exist: spec, go, die, vanish,
ment, clog; spec, burden, hindrance, ob- disappear, fall.
struction, hamper, baggage. Antonyms: see begin.
2. burden, charge; spec, mortgage, debt. 3. To finish a discourse: close, conclude;
encyclopedia, encyclopedia, n. cyclo- spec, perorate.
pedia or cyclopedia (the less usual term), Antonyms: see begin.
thesaurus (now rare). 4. See DIE, EVENTUATE.
encysted, a. bagged, capsuled, saccate endanger, v. t. imperil, jeopard (rare), ad-
(rare). venture (rare), jeopardize, peril (rare),
end, n. t. limit, extremity; in reference to risk,hazard, jeopardy (rare); spec, com-
space, and now only in "ends of the earth." promise.
2. Referring to the terminating part of any- endear,' v. t. No synonyms.
thing: tip, extremity (the very end), ter- endeavor, v. i. try (the common word),
mination (learned), terminal (chiefly tech. seek, attempt, offer, struggle, strive, es-
or spec), extreme (literary or formal), say (learned or archaic), labor; spec, study.
terminus (literary or formal), desinence endeavor, n. trial, try, attempt, effort,
(chiefly spec; rare); spec, fag-end, butt or struggle, striving, essay (archaic or liter-
butt-end, stub, remnant, tail, thrum, ary), exertion, offer.
chump, crop (tech.), tag, ravel, fall, foot, ending, n. I. See end, death.
horn, head. 2. In reference to words: suffix, postfix,
Antonyms: see beginning. termination, terminant (rare).
3. Referring to the end or termination of a ending, a. terminating, terminative (rare),
course, series, etc.: conclusion, terminal concluding, conclusive (obsolesc), con-
.

tion, determination (formal), close, clos- elusory, determinating, determinative,

ure (rare, exc spec), stoppage; spec. etc.; spec, finishing, etc
finish, finis (Latin), end-all, period (ar- endless, a. 1. Referring to either time or
chaic), consummation, destruction, an- space: never-ending (chiefly of time), in-
nihilation, dissolution, finale, (Italian; terminable, termless (chiefly of time),
muMc), final (music), ending. boundless^ indefinite, indeterminable,
Antonyms: see beginning. dateless, mterminate, iUimitable, unlim-
4. Referring to a terminating event, act, ited, immeasurable, infinite (oftener of
etc.: d6no<iment (French), catastrophe, space than time), unending (chiefly of
wind-up (colloq.), finish-up (rare), finish, time).
finale (Italian), ending. Antonyms: see short, brief, termina-
Antonyms: see beginning. ble.
6. Spec, (in reference to discourse) exodium, 2. Referring to time only: eternal, ever-
catastrophe, finale, (Italian), ending, pero- lasting, ceaseless, perpetual; spec, undy-
ration, epilogue, appendix. ing.
Antonyms: see beginning. Antonyms: see brief.
6. In reference to lapse of time: period (or- 3. See IMMORTAL, constant, purpose-
chaic), ending, lapse, expiration, expiry, less.
termination. endless, adv. Spec interminably, bound-
Antonyms: see beginning. lessly, indefinitely, infinitely, evermore,
7. Referring to the last part of life: evening, constantly, etc.
close, extremity (archaic). endow, v. t. 1. See DOvra)R (a bride).
f^^ Cross references: see Note, end: final. endmost: farthest.
encrust: incrust. endlong: lengthwise. endorse: indorse.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

158
 — — . —

ENGAGE
2. enrich, dow, estate {rare); spec, hostile {chiefly U. S. and qf an American
bene-
fice, portion, reinvest. Indian); spec, archenemy. Devil.
8. enrich (used with "vnth"), furnish, gift Antonyms: see friend, ally.
{chiefly in p. p., as an adjedive). energetic, a. active, vigorous, mettlesome,
endowment, n. 1. Act of endowing: dota- mighty; spec, hearty, hard, strenuous,
tion {learned). trenchant, forceful, forcible, strong, pow-
2. Referring to property given hy way of erful, dashing, emphatic, enterprising,
endowing: funcf, property, foundation live, robust; spec, see enterprisinq.
{U. S.); spec, studentship, fellowship, Antonyms: see apathetic.
scholarship, professorship, chair C^.), energize, v. t. potentiaUze (rare), activate
Uving, etc. (tech.; chiefly chem. and biol.), dynamize
8. g3t, power, dower, dowry; spec, abil- (chiefly med?); spec, animate.
ity; referring to natural gifts or powers of Anienyms: see weaken, enervate.
mind or body. energy, n. 1. action; not a good synonym.
endue, v. t. indue, clothe, invest; spec, re- 2. activity, go (coUoq.), vigor, mettle,
invest, grace; in reference to permanent spirit, force, might, intensity, dash, life,
gifts or powers of mind or body. animation. Most of these words have
endurable, a, bearable, tolerable, sup- specific implications or associations sug-
portable, abidable, sustainable, suffer- gested by their general senses.
able; spec, withstandable, weatherable, Antonyms: see weakness, weariness.
livable, stomachable. 3. power, force, potency, strength; spec.
Antonyms: see unbeahable. impetus, impulse, momentum, vis viva
endurance, n. 1. See continuance, con- (tech. Latin), magnetism, electricity.
stancy, PATIENCE. Antonyms: see inertia.
2. The act of enduring or lasting: bearing, Only in reference to persons, ideas, etc.:
4.
abiding, support, sustenance (bookish or spirit, vi^or, backbone (coUoq.), life, ani-
tech.), tolerance (chiefly tech.), standing, mation, pith, verve, drive, vim (colloq.), fizz
withstanding, durance (archaic), suffer- (coUoq.), go (colloq.), go-ahead (colloq.);
ance. spec, see enterprise.
8. Staying power: backbone, bottom, Antonyms: see weakness.
sand (colloq.); spec, fortitude, constancy, enervate, v. t. weaken, devitalize, un-
energy. nerve, paralyze, soften; spec, debilitate,
4. Theact of enduring or suffering to be: emasculate.
tolerance, toleration, abidance, stomach- Antonyms: see strengthen, energize.
ing, enduringness (rare); spec, permission, enfeoff, v. t. infeft (Scots law); spec, subfeu
forbearance, vitality. (rare)
endurant, a. tolerant, patient (of evil). enfeoffment, n. infeudation, infeftment
endure, v. i. 1. See contintte. (Scots law); spec, subinfeudation.
2. abide, bear, suffer; spec, wear, last. enforce, t>. t. 1. See COMPEL, EMPHASIZE,
endure, v. t. 1. Referring to the capacity or STRBNQTHION.
power to suffer unharmed or unimpaired: 2. In reference to laws, duty, etc.: execute,
bear, abide support, sustain,
(literary), sanction.
suffer, tolerate, coendure (spec), stand, 3. effranchize (rare); spec, naturalize, en-
withstand, bide (archaic), undergo, stay; denizen (literary).
spec, weather. engage, v. t. 1. See fledge.
2. Referring to the will to put up with: 2. bind, obligate; spec, betroth.
tolerate, abide, stand, brook, digest (ar- 3. Spec, bespeak, hire, enlist, book, re-
chaic); spec, stomach, swallow, pocket, tain, brief, fee.
permit, receive. 4. To win over: gain.
endways, endwise, adv. t. See upright, 5. To seize and hold, fasten upon: oc-
lengthwise. cupy, interest; spec, bite, arrest, catch,
2. distad (tech.); —towards the end. attract.
enema, n. injection (contextual), clyster. Antonyms: see slide.
enemy, n. opponent, adversary, antago- 6. attack, encounter; spec, reencounter
nist ("opponent," "adversary," and "an- (rare).
tagonist" not implying the ill-will or ma- engage, v. i. I. See contend, fight,
levolence implied by "enemy"), unfriend PROMISE, enter, agree, CONTRACT.
(rare), Philistine (fig.), foe (archaic or 2. embark (used with "in"); spec, enlist.
rhetorical, exc. in mil. -use; often a collective 3. interlock, interact; spec, gear, pitch,
in mil. use), foeman (archaic or poetic), mesh.
1^" Cross references: see Note. enfeeble: weaken. enflesh: embody.
enervate: weakened. enfilade: rake. enfold: envelope, clasp, fold.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

159
 —— —

ENGEI^DER
engine, n. 1. See iNSTRrMENT, means. enlarge, V. f. 1. increase, extend, widen,
3. Of machines for converting a force into aggrandize (learned), greaten (archaic),
mechanical power (this now being the usual amplify, largen (rare), magnify (rare);
sense of "engine"): spec, steam engine, spec, augment, broaden, ream, dilate, dis-
electrical engine, etc., turbine, jinny, Cor- tend, drift, thicken, drUl, bore (chiefly
liss, motor, ofiesel. with "out").
8. Of military engines: spec, matafund, Antonyms: see diminish, abridge, con-
arbalest, baUista, mangonel, lombard, dense, CONSTRICT, CONTRACT.
springal. 2. See MAGNIFY.
engineer, n. machinist (contextval) ; spec. enlarge, v. i. 1. increase, expand, widen;
driver, hydraulician, mechanician, pi- spec, augment, broaden, dilate, distend,
oneer. swell.
English, Spec. Anglican (mostly refer-
a. 2. See EXPATIATE.
ring to the Church of England), British (re- enlargement, n. 1. increase, extension,
ferring to what is or belongs to Great Britain; widening; spec, broadening, aggrandize-
now esp. used in referring to political or ment (learned), amplification, au^enta-
imperial affairs). tion, distension, dilatation, expansion.
Englishman, n. Englander, Englisher Antonyms: see abridgement, abstract,
(chiefly Scot.), John Bull (a nickname), CONDENSATION, DIMINUTION.
gringo (Spanish Amer.; contemptuous); 2. Only of a thing formed by an enlarge-
spec. Harry, Tommy (slang), milord. ment: spec, bulb, knot, ganglion.
engrave, v. t. 1. grave (archaic or poetic), enlarging, a. Spec, expatiatory, cres-
cut, carve, sculpture, chisel, incise; spec. cent, expansive.
intaglio (rare), etch, enchase, hatch, enlighten, v. t. 1. See brighten.
Crosshatch, mezzotint; in reference to 2. lighten (archaic), illume (rare or liter-
forming figures on a surface. ary), illuminate (formal), illumine (rare);
2. See PRINT. spec, educate, civilize, instruct, inform.
engraved, a. graven, sculptured, incised, Antonyms: see darken, nonplus, per-
cut; spec, intagliated. plex.
engraver, n. graver (rare, exc. of a tool); enlightenment, n. illumination, light,
spec, die cutter, lapicide, etcher, burin lightening; spec, culture, civiUzation, edu-
(a tool). cation, learning.
engraving, carving, glyptic (chiefly
a. Antonyms: see ignorance.
spec), sculptural. enlist, V. t. Of soldiers, etc.: list, enroll,
engraving, n. graving, carving, sculpture levy, recruit.
(rare), chiseling; spec, intaglio, glyptog- enliven, v. t. 1. See animate, cheer.
raphy, fretwork, chalcography, cerog- 2. animate, exhilarate, actuate (learned),
raphy, gypsography, stylography, petro- spirit, inspirit, quicken, quick (archaic),
glyph, heliogravure, photogravure, heliog- fire, brisk (chiefiy with "up"); spec, spice,
raphy; in reference to the art or process. brighten, elate, reanimate.
2. graving, carving, sculpture (rare), glyp- Antonyms: see calm, depress.
tic (chiefly spec); spec, intaglio, fretwork, enmity, n. dislike (contextual), ill-will,
chalcograph, cut (esp. a woodcut), plate animosity; spec, pique; see malevolence,
(one on metal), triptych, diptych, litho- HATRED.
glyph, taille-douce (French), mezzotint, Antonyms: see love.
aerograph, heliograph, photogravure, heU- ennoble, v. dignify, exalt, raise; spec.
t.

ogravure; referring to the figure produced. greaten (rare), elevate, glorify, nobUitate
enjoy, v. t. 1. like, relish, joy (archaic). (rare), baronize.
Antonyms: see dislike. Antonyms: see degrade, depreciate,
2. experience, have (some experience). ABUSE, DEFAME.
enjoyment, n. 1. relish, gusto, gust, zest, ennui, n. tedium, boredom, boreism
fruition (literary or dignified). (rare); see vstearinbss.
Antonyms: see dislike, distress. Antonyms: see vivacity, gayhty.
2. pleasure, gratification, luxury. enormous. I, a. large (contextual), titanic.
t^' Cross references: see Note. engulf: swallow, absorb. enjoyable; pleasant.
engender: develop. enhance, v. i.: advance, i?i- enormous: immense.
engineer, v. t.: manage. crease. enough: adequate.
enginery: apparatus, machin- enhance, v. t: intensify, exag- enounce: announce, state, pro-
ery. gerate, advance. claim, pronounce.
engorge: surfeit, satiate, ob- enfaearten: encourage. enquire: question.
struct. enigma: question, riddle, mys- enrage: anger.
engraft: graft. tery. enrapt, enraptured: ecstatic.
engross: copy, absorb, monop- enigmatic: mysterious. enrapture: transport, please.
olize. enjoin: bid, dictate, forbid. enravish: transport.

tS° See Notes of Explanation.

160
 ,

ENTRAIN
tremendous, huge, immense, colossal, gi- chaic); spec, scheme, adventure, at-
gantic, elephantme, vast, prodigious (litr- tempt.
erary or contemptuous). 2. energy, push (coUoq.), go-ahead (col-
AiUonyms: see small. loq.).
enrich, v. t. 1. riohen {rare); spec, million- Antonyms: see laziness.
ize,endow. enterprising, a. energetic, go-ahead (col-
Antonyms: see impoverish, plunder. log.), pushing (colloq!), pushful (colloq.).
2. See embellish, fertilize. Antonyms: see lazy.
enriching, o. locupletive (rare). entertain, v. t. 1. receive, hospitize (rare);
enshrine, v. t. 1. inshrine (o variant), con- spec, harbor, guest (rare), shelter.
tain (contextual); spec, entemple (rare), 2. Referring to opinions, etc.: hold, cher-
tabernacle, enchase (rare). ish, bear, have; spec, nurse.
2. See preserve, cherish. Antonyms: see reject.
ensign, n. 1. flag (contextual); spec, gon- 3. See divert, feel.
fanon, gonfalon, hatchment, eagle, pen- 4. treat (coUoq.), regale (literary); spec.
non. fSte, breakfast, dine, dinner, tea, wme,
2. See BADGE. supper (rare).
enslave, v. t. 1. enthrall (chiefly fig.), slave entertainer, n. Spec, hospitator (rare),
(rare), thrall (archaic), yoke (figurative), harborer (archaic), host, hostess.
beslave (emphatic), vassal (rare); spec. Antonyms: see sponger.
helotize. entertainment, n. 1. reception; spec, hoa-
Antonyms: see free, deliver. pitation (rare), harboring.
2. See captivate. 2. See diversion.
enslaved, a. bond. 3. treat (colloq.). regalement; spec. fSte,
enslavement, n. 1. enthrallment; spec. Friday, gaudy (Eng.), refection, lunch,
vassalage, serfage, serfdom. tea, dinner, spread (colloq.), banquet, sup-
Antonyms: see freeing. per, breakfast, beanfeast (Eng.).
2. See captivation. enthrone, v. t. regahze (spec, or fi^.),
entail, n. tail, tailye err tailzie (Scot.). throne, seat (contextual).
entangle, v. t. 1. In a physical
sense: tan- Antonyms: see depose.
gle, ravel, perplex (rare), involve, em- enthuse, v. i. rave (colhq.), kindle; spec.
brangle (literary); spec, mesh, enlace, in- poetize, warm, fanaticize. "Enthuse" is
mesh, entrap, mat. either humorous or vulgar.
Antonyms: see disentangle, unravel. entice, v. t. attract, tempt, train (rare), al-
2. See CONFUSE. lure, lure; spec, vnle, decoy, inveigle.
entangled, a. complex, foul (chiefly navi.), Antonyms: see repel, disgust, fright-
afoul (predicative). en.
entanglement, n. 1. tangle, maze, em- enticement, n. attraction, allurement,
branglement ravelment (rare),
(literary), temptation, lure; spec, decoy.
involvement, intertanglement (rare), per- enticing, a. attractive, inviting, alluring,
plexity, cobweb (implying fineness); spec. tempting, sohciting; spec, decoying. "Erin
node, knot. tice" implies success in aUurement; "entic-
2. See CONFUSION. ing" does not.
enter, v. i. 1. To go or come in: spec, pierce, Antonyms: see repellent.
penetrate. entirety, n. entireness, wholeness, in-
Antonyms: see issue. tegraUty, integrity.
2. To go (into) a subject-matter, hook, etc.: entitle, v. t. 1. intitule (chiefly tech.), be-
dip, dive. title (derogatory).
8. To become busied, occupied, etc.: en- 2. See QUALIFY, NAME.
gage; spec, start, go (used with "into"). entrails, n. pi. 1. viscera (now rare), insides
enter, v. t. 1. In a physical sense: spec. (colloq. or dial.), guts (now mdgar, or col-
penetrate, pierce, trespass, invade, board hq. as fi^.), intestines, puddings (chiefly
(a ship or, U. S., a railroad train), force. dial, arid Scot.). The singular form, "en-
2. See BEGIN, jonr, list, record. trail," is rare.
entering, a. entrant, incoming, ingoing. 2. See VISCERA.
enterprise, n. 1. project, emprise (ar- entrain, v. t. board.
EP" Cross references: see Note. ensnare: snare, catch. enthusiasm; ecstasy, frenzy,
enring: encirde. ensphere: surround. ardor, fanaticism.
enrobe: clothe. ensue: follow. enthusiastic: ardent, enthusi-
enroll: list, erUist. ensure: insure. astic, [intact.
ensanguine: bloody. [lish. ensuing: cominff. entire: complete, absolute, whole,
ensconce: akelter, conceal, estab- entail: settle, impose, necessitate. entity: being, thing.
ensemble: whole, effect. enthrall: enslave, captivate. entomb: bury.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

161
 ENTRANCE
entrance, n. 1. Referrifig to the action: en- episcopal, a. pontifical or pontific (chiefly
try,ingress (literary), in^ession (rare), hist, or spec), prelatical or prelatic (chiefly
entree (French), incoming, ingoing, income a hostile term).
(rare); spec, illapse (rare), trespass, d^but episcopalian, n. prelatist (a hostile term).
(in society; French). epizodtic, n. Spec, murrain. "Epizootic"
Antonyms: see issue. is used of animal diseases only, and corre-
2. Referring to the privikge or right: ad- sponds to "epidemic" as applied to man.
mission, access, entree (French). equal, a. 1. alike (postpositive), like; spec.
8. Referring to the place or means of enter- coordinate, level, coequal (rare), com-
ing: entry, aperture, ingress; spec, door, mensurate, coextensive, parallel, corre-
mouth, iiilet, doorway, adit, vestibule, sponding, equipollent (learned), equiv-
hallway, lobby, propylon, propylseum, alent, equiponderant (rare), quits (used
porte-cochlre (French), postern, gorge with "with"), even, isopsephic (rare; tech.),
(fortification), gate, foregate, stile. isonomic (rare), coeval, coetaneous, co-
Antonyms: see exit. eternal, identical, tantamount, equipo-
entry, n. 1. See entrance. tential, isotropic, isotopic.
2. listing; spec, registry, registration, Antonyms: see unequal.
post, posting, credit. 2. See adequate, impartial.
envelope, n. covering, inclosure (literary equal, n. fellow, match, peer, compeer (J/itr

or elevated); spec, incasement, casement erary); spec, coordinate, parallel, counter-

(rare), casing (close), mantle, involucre, vail, equivalent.
pack, capsule, film, skin, integument, fac- equal, v. t. 1. See equalize.
ing, mantling, shroud, vesture (rare), 2. match, even (rare), fellow (used with
perianth, mist, veil, konseaJ, wrap, "with"; literary); spec, peer, tie, com-
spathe. measure, countervail (archaic), rival, par-
envelope, v. t. cover, wrap (chiefly spec.); allel, number.
spec, invest, overroU, pack, jacket, en- equality, n. parity, equalization, equation
shroud, infold or enfold, web, shroud, (tech. or spec), egality (obs. or French), par
mantle, involve, encompass. (chiefly in "on a par"), level; spec match,
envious, a. jealous, grudging. equivalence, peerdom (rare),' equipol-
envy, v. t. grudge, begrudge. lence, equipoise, tie, coevahty (rare), co-
envy, n. grudgingness, grudging, jealousy, equality, owelty (law), identity, isopoUty,
jealousness. isonomy, equilibrium, isotopy, parsu-
ephemeral, o. short-lived; spec, fugitive, lelism.
occasional,mushroom, fungous. Antonyms: see inequalitt.
Antonyms: see eternal, lasting, long- equalization, n. 1. equaling, equation.
lived. 2. iSee equality.
epic, a. epopoean (rare); spec. Homeric. equalize, v. t. equal, equate (chiefly math.),
epic, n. epopee (rare), epopceia (archaic), even; spec, par (rare), coordinate.
epos; spec. Homeric, Iliad, rhapsody, equally, adv. alike, evenly, indifferently
Dimciad. (chiefly spec).
epicure, n. epicurean, palatist (rare), op- equal- sided, a. Spec, isosceles.
sophagist (rare), deipnosophist (learned), equanimity, n. 1. evenness (of temper).
aristologist (learned), bon vivant (masc; 2. See CALMNESS.
French), bonne vivante (fern.; French), equestrian, a. mounted.
gourmet (French), gourmand. equine, o. caballine (rare; literary), hippie
episcopacy, n. 1. pontificaUty (rare), prel- (rare), solidungulate (tech.).
acy (hostile term), prelatism (hostile term). equine, n. horse, solidungulate (tech.),
2. See bishopric. soliped (tech.).

t^' Cross references: see Note. environ: endrde. surround. epitaph: inscription.
entranced: transported. environment; surroundings. epithet: name.
entrancing: transporting, environs: surroundings, neigh- epitome: abridgment.
pleasant. borhood. epitomizatlon: abridgmeni,
entrant: entering. envisage: visualize. [script. epitomize: abridge.
entrap: trap. envoy: diplomatic agent, post- epoch: date, period.
entreat: ask, enwrap: wru absorb. epode: lyric,
entreaty: asking, appeal. eob: period. equable: even, eoenrtempered.
entrSe: entrance. epaot: period. equanimity: adm, peace.
entrepdt: depository. epicurean: luxurious, pdla- equanlmous: even-tempered,
entrust: commit. table, sensual. calm,
enumerate: compute, mention. epigram : saying, poem. equate: equalize,
enunciate: announce, pro- epigrammatic: concise. equestrienne: rider. [poise.
nounce. epigraph: inscription. equilibrate: balance, counter-
envenom: poison, episode: digression, occurrence. equilibrlst: acrobat,
contaminaie. epistle: letter. equilibrium: balance, ecpmlity.

t^* See Motes of Explanation.

162
 .

ESSENTIAL
equip, furnish, outfit, provide; spec.
V. t. lacy, flaw, misbeUef, metachronism, mia>
harness {archaic), aceouter, appoint, print, imtruth, misstep.
dress, accommodate, arm, gad, spar, rig. Antonyms: see truth.
Antonyms: see dismantle. erupt, eject, belch; spec, {of volcanoes)
V. t.
equipage, n. turnout (colloq.). vesuviate {rare).
equipment, n. I. Referring to the action: Antonyms: see swallow.
furnishing, accoutering, accouterment, eruption, n. 1. See ejection, outbreak.
equipage, provision, appointment. 2. Spec, efflorescence, rash, erythema,
2. Referring to thing: furniture, furnish- brash, blain, exanthema, tetter, vesicle,
ings, tackle (chiefly spec), gear {chiefly blotch, malanders or mallenders, eczema,
spec.), harness {esp. mil.); spec, apparatus, hives, heat.
plant, accouterment {often in pi.), dress, escape, v. i. 1. scape {archaic), evade {now
fitting {chiefly in pi.), appointment, out- rare); spec, fly, slip, run, decamp, double.
fit, rigging, rig, armament {chiefly mil.). 2. <See issue, leak.
erect, o. upright, unrecumbent (rare), escape, n. scape {archaic), escapement
1.
straight, vertical, perpendicular. {rare), scapement {rare); spec, avoidance,
Antonyms: see drooping, stooping. bolt, evasion {from confinement; rare).
erect, v. t. 1. raise, rear: spec, pitch, prick, 2. See ISSUE, outlet, outflow, leak,
ruffle, perfect, pedestal. LEAKAGE.
Antonyms: see droop. escort, n. 1. See accompaniment.
2. See BUILD, CONSTRUCT, CREATE, ES- 2. attendant, companion, conductor
TABLISH. spec, cavalier, burkundaz {Anglo-Indian),
erect, v. i. rise; see bristle. psychopomp, safe-conduct, convoy, en'
erection, n. 1. raising, rearing, etc. voy, gallant, squire, esquire, bodyguard.
2. iSee BUILDING, CONSTRUCTION, CREA- escort, V. t. accompany {coniextual); spec.
TION, ESTABLISHMENT. gallant, squire, conduct; spec, marshal,
erode, v. t. destroy {contextual), eat, wear, convoy, guard, walk, support, hand.
consume, fret (away); spec, rub {tised escutcheon, n. achievement, scutcheon;
with "off"), denude, wash {often iised with spec, shield, hatchment, inescutcheon.
"away'^. especial, a. special, particular; «ee special,
erosion, n. destruction {contextual) eating, ^
UNCOMMON.
consumption {rare); spec, denudation, fret Antonyms: see common.
(rare), eolation {geol), washout, watergall esplanade, n. maidan {Anglo-Indian);
{only of the place eroded). spec, marina {Italian and Spanish), bund
err, v. i. mistake, nod, slip {often iised with {in the far East)
"up"), trip; spec, fall, wander, stray, esquire, n. 1. armiger, squire.
stumble, blunder, hallucinate, misbe- 2. See GENTLEMAN, OWNER, SQUIRE, ES-
lieve, sin, bull {with "it" as object). CORT.
errand, n. business {contextual), commis- essence, n. 1. See being, substance, ex-
sion, message, mission, trip. tract.
erroneous, a. false, untrue, mistaken 2. quiddity {learned), isneiss {rare), hypos-
{used only of persons), erring (used only of tasis {tech.), principle, hyparxis {tech.;
persons), errant {rare); spec, fallacious, rare), form, inwardness.
devious, misguided (used only of persons). 8. With various special implications sug-
Antonyms: see true. gested by the original senses: sense, gist,
error, n. Spec, erroneousness, obliquity, core, kernel, marrow, pith, elixir, quintes-
mistake, solecism, bdvue {French), ab- sence, flower, soul, spirit, life, heart, sub-
surdity, blunder, wrong, parepochism stance.
{rare), parachronism, corrigendum, fault, essential, a. Spec, substantial, indispen-
erratum, errancy, trip, stumble, slip, fal- sable, constituting, constitutional, inward,

^^ Cross references: see Note. era: date, period. erudition: learning.

equipoise: balartce, eguoLiiy. eradicable: destructible. escapade: caper.
equipollent: equal. eradicate: abolish. escape, v. I.:avoid.
equiponderant: eguaX. erase: efface. escarpment: bank,
equitable: just. eiodent: consuming. escheat: reoert.
equity: justice. erosive: eating. eschew: avoid.
equivalent, a.: equal, analo- erotic: amatory. esculent: eabibU.
gous, correspondent, convertible, errantry: knighthood. espial: discovery.
reciprocal. erratic: wandering, abnormal, espousal: betrothal, adoption,
equivalent, n.: equal, analogue. eccentric, odd, capricious. defense.
equivooal: ambiguous, uncer- erratum: error. espouse: betroth, adopt, de-
tain, questionable. erstwhile: formerly. fend.
equivocate: prevaricate. eruct: eject. espy: discover.
equivocation: ambiguity, pre- eructate: eject, vomit, esquire: escort,
varication. erudite: learned. attempt.

t^" See Notes of Explanation.

163
 ESSENTIAL
fundamental, elementary, vital; see nec- 2.engraving (coniexluoX); spec, zmco
essary. (Eng^, aquatint.
essential, n. substantial, secret, life, vi- eternal, a. 1. perpetual, timeless, endless,
tals (pi.). sempiternous (rare), sempiternal, ever-
Antonyms: see accessory, accident. lasting, evitemal (chiefly spec.; rare),
establish, v. t. 1. fix, settle, sta^
confirm, eterne (archaic or poetic); spec, coetemal.
bilify (rare), (rare), stablish
stabilitate Antonyms: see ephemeral, brief, tem-
(archaic), stable (rare), secure, set, firni; porary.
spec, sustain, instate, domicile or domi- 2. See CONSTANT, ENDLESS.
ciliate (chiefly legal), home, install, pitch, eternalize, v. t. perpetuate, immortalize,
root, rear, land (slang m colloq.), ensconce, eternize; spec, monument, monumental-
ground, foot (rare), make. ize.
Antonyms: see weaken, abolish. eternally, adv. perpetually, evermore (ar-
2. found, institute, constitute, create, chaic), forever, everlastingly, ever (liter-
erect (chiefly spec.), make (as an order, ary or archaic).
rule, etc.), raise, plant; spec, ordain (ar- eternity, n. 1. perpetuity, etemalness,
chaic), organize, build, appiont, ground. everlastingness, timelessness, endlessness,
Antonyms: see abolish. sempiternity; spec, coetemity.
3. See CONFIRM. Antonyms: see moment.
establishment, n. 1. confirmation, fix, 2. See CONSTANCY, ENDLESSNESS.
settlement, fixation, stablishment (rare), ethereal, a. 1. See airy, heavenly.
securement, firming. 2. delicate (contextual); spec, light, tenu-
2. creation, constitution, plantation ous, fragile, flimsy, fairy.
(rare), institution, erection, foundation, Antonyms: see earthly, bodily.
stabiliment (rare); spec, instatement ethics, n. sing. &
pi. morals (pi.), morality;
(rare), organization, installment, installa^ spec, hedonies, eudemonism.
tion, upbuilding, ordainment. etymology, n. derivation, pedigree (fi^.).
S. creation, institution, concern; spec, or- eucharist, n. 1. Communion, Mass,
ganization, works (pi.), dwelling, church, Housel (hist.), Oblation; spec, liturgy,
school, college, plant. viaticum.
estate, n. See state, rank, propbrtt.
1. 2. Mass, Element.
2. Spec, demesne, lordship, reversion, euhoe, interj. evoe (Latin; less correct than
domain, feu, feud, curtesy, mesnalty, "euhoe"); spec, eureka, hurra or hurrah,
jointure, lay fee, leasehold, dower, plan- bravo. "Euhoe" is Laiin; there is no single-
tation, hacienda (Spanish), term, free- word English equivalent.
hold. Antonyms: see alas.
esteem, v. f. 1. See consider. eulogist, n. praiser (which see), encomiast,
2. respect,prize, regard, favor, admire, panegyrist; spec, laureate.
appreciate; spec, revere, reverence, ven- eulogize, v. t. approve (contextual), praise,
erate, worship. comphment, panegyrize.
Antonyms: see despise, disrespect. eulogy, n. eulogium, eulogism (rare), ap-
esteem, n. 1. See consideration. proval, praise, panegyric, encomium;
regard, favor, admiration, es-
2. respect, spec, monody (rare).
timation; spec, reverence, worship. Antonyms: see abuse.
Antonyms: see contempt, disrespect, euphemistic, a. soft (contextual), euphe-
ILL WILL. mous (rare); spec, extenuatory.
estimable, admirable, precious, valu-
o. evacuate, v. i. 1. empty, clear; spec, (re-
able, creditable; spec, adorable, worship- ferring to the bowels) purge, scour, empty.
ful, respectable. Antonyms: see fill, occupy.
Antonyms: see abominable, contempt- 2. See LEAVE.
ible. 3. eject (contextual); spec. (esp. referring
estrange, v. t. U See TRANSFER. to excrement) discharge, defecate, void.
2. alienate, disunite. evacuate, v. i. defecate.
Antonyms: see win. evacuation, n. 1. clearing, discharge; spec.
estuary, n. arm (contextual), frith, firth, (referring to the hotoels) passage, motion,
lough (Anglo-Irish). purgation, catharsis.
etching, n. 1. See corrosion. 2. See LEAVING (cf. leave).

f^' Cross references: see Note. estrange: alienate. euchre: defeai.

estimate, v. I.: consider, value, estrangement: alienation. euloglsm: eulogy.
compute. estray: stray. euphonious: smooth, melo-
estimation: consideration, val- etch: corrode, dious.
ualion, computation. etiquette: manners. euphuism: pretense.

f^" See Notes of Explanation.

164
 EXACTING
evade, v. t. avoid, elude; spec, dodge, bilk, everywhere, adv. throughout, passim
funk
bluff, (slang). (Latin).
evaporate, v. i. & I. emanate, vaporize, Antonyms: see nowhere.
volatilize; spec, distill. evidence, n. attestation, token, stamp,
Antonyms: see condense, solidify. testimony (properly spec.), vritness (spec,
evasion, n. 1. avoidance, elusion; spec. or fig.); spec, demonstration, record, muni-
shufiling, double, doubling, dodge, bluff- ments (pi.), voucher, deposition, proof,
ing, funking (slang). trace.
2. deceit, subterfuge, shuffle, put-off (col- evidence, ». t. attest, support, tell; spec.
loq.)j shift; spec, dodge, prevarication, circumstantiate, certificate, show, prove,
tergiversation. confess (poetic), document, vouch, testify.
evasive, a. deceitful (contextiml), slippery; evidency, n. apparency, evidence (rare),
spec, dod^ (coUoq.), tergiversant (rare), indubitableness, obviousness, palpable-
prevaricative, shifty. ness, seemingness, plainness.
even, a. I. Referring to adjoining sur- evident, a. 1. apparent, plain, obvious,
faces: level, equal (archaic), smooth, flat, broad, unmistakable, palpable (spec, or
regular; spec, flush. fig.), patent, open, naked, conspicuous
Antonyms: see uneven, irregtjlak. (rare), manifest, distinct, clear, bald, un-
2. Referring to the temper, motion, action, hidden (rare), downright, overt.
etc.: uniform, regular, equal, level, smooth; Antonyms: see abstruse.
spec, equable, easy (colloq.); see even- 2. See visible, apparent.
tempered. evil, n. 1. See wickedness.
3. See equal, abreast, impartial. 2. With "a" or "an": harm, ill, curse,
even, v. t. level, smooth; spec, scabble or blast, bale (now chiefly poetic), cancer
Bcapple, grade, float. (fig.), canker (fig.), bane, disease, male-
even, adv. just (often used with "now"), fice (archaic).
yet. Antonyms: see good.
evening, n. eve (poetic or rhetorical), even evildoer, n. malfeasant (learned or tech.),
(poetic, dial., o/r colloq.). malefactor (esp. crimirudly), malefactress
Antonyms: see morning. (fern.).
evening, a. vesperal (rare), vespertine (lit- evildoing, a. malfeasant (learned or tech.),
erary), vespertinal (rare). malefactory, maleficent.
evening star. Vesper, Hesper (poetic), Antonyms: see beneficent.
Hesperus (literary or learned). evocate, evoke, elicit; spec, exorcize
v. t.

Antonyms: see morning star. (rare), invoke.

event, n. 1. See occurrence. evoke, v. t. evocate, call; see elicit.
2. result, conclusion, issue, end, sequel, evolution, n. 1. development (contextual);
outcome, hap (esp. archaic); spec, turn-up spec, phylogeny, ontogeny, ontogenesis,
(colloq.), futurity. physiogeny, phylogenesis.
Antonyms: see beginning. 2. See movement, figure (dancing).
even-tempered, o. even (chiefly literary), evolutionism, n. Spec. Darwinism, Heck-
equable, equanimous, equal. elism, Lamarkism.
Antonyms: see irritable. ewe, n. sheep (contextual) ; spec, crocodile
eventful, a. 1. chanceful (rare), full (am- crock (chiefly Scot.).
(dial.),
textital). exact, a. 1. See strict, accurate, defi-
Antonyms: see uneventful. nite.
2. See IMPORTANT. 2. precise, diametric (opposite), absolute,
eventuate, v. i. end, conclude, issue; spec, direct; spec, express (chiefly with allusion
result. to Heb. i. S, as in, "the express image").
eversion, n. extroversion (tech.), exstrophy 3. delicate, accurate, precise, nice, fine;
(tech.; rare). spec, sensitive, true.
every, a. each. exact, V. t. 1. See ask, extort.
everyday, a. customary (contextual), ac- 2. take (vengeance, etc.), have.
customed (contextual), workaday; spec. exacting, a. 1. See critical, DiFFiCDlvr.
commonplace, homely. 2. extortionary, extortive, exactive.

C^ Cross references: see Note. evaporative: volatile. evict: eject.

evade: escape. eventual: final. eviction: ejection.
evanesce: disappear. eventuality: occurrence. evil, wicked, Jiarmfvl, in-
a.;
evanescence: disappearance, ever: always, once, eternally. jurious, malevolent.
transience. everlasting: endless, et^nal, evil-looking: ugly.
evanescent: transient. constant. evince: disclose, show.
evangel: gospel, evermore: constantly, endlessly. eviscerate: disembowel.
evanish: disappear. everything: all. evolve: develop, emit.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

12 165
 EXACTION
exaction, n. See demand.
1. sample, specimen, piece, instance, case,
2. extortion, squeeze (colloq.), requisi- representative, illustration, exemplar, es-
tion; spec, mulct, contribution. say, exemplification (formal); spec dem-
exactly, adv. just, even (chiefly archaic onstrate, monument.
or Biblical), precisely, full, fuUy, quite, 2. One that serves as a model or pattern:
plumb or plum; spec, flat, faithfully, pattern, sample, type, standard, model,
uteraUy. foregoer (archaic); spec, sampler, lead
exactness, n. 1. See strictness, accu- (pron. led).
racy, DEPINITENBSS. 8. See WARNING.
2. delicacy, nicety, precision, accuracy; example, v. t. represent, illustrate, ex-
spec, sensitiveness, trueness. emplify; spec, sample.
exaggerate, v. t. magnify, enhance, stretch excavate, v. t. 1. See hollow.
(coTZog.); spec, overspeafc (rare), overpic- 2. form(contextual); spec dig, burrow,
ture (rare), overdraw, overtell (rare), delve (archaic), hole, drive, drift, groove.
overdo, overstate, overcolor, overcharge, excavation, n. cavity (contextual), hole
romance, hyperbolize (rhetoric). (contextual); spec, burrow, cutting, delve
Antonyms: see belittle. (literary), pit, den, digging, beard, mine,
exaggerated, hyperboUcal
a. (rhetoric), shaft, stope, quarry, drift, drive, counter-
outrd (French), tall (colloq., U. mine. S.), over-
done, excessive. exceed, v. t. 1. transcend, overstep, pass,
exaggeration, n. excess, enhancement; overgo (rare), overpass (rare); spec.
spec, hyperbole (rhetoric), overstatement. stretch.
exalted, a. Spec, elevated, elated, high, 2. surpass, transcend, excel, overpeer
lofty, highflown (chiefly disparaging), (rare), outpeer (rare), cap, ding (archaic
magnificent, magnific, sublime, magnifi- or dial.); spec, outdo, pass (rare), outgo,
cal, proud, lordly; spec, buskined. outreach (rare or naut.), break, out-
Antonyms: see low, degraded, degen- Herod, outstrip, outplay.
erate. exceed, v. i. Spec, surpass, excel, over-
examination, n. 1. inspection, scrutiny, abound.
investigation, sea.rch, research (esp. spec), excellence, n. worth, virtue, perfection, ex-
exploration, scrutation (rare), scan (rare), cellency, fineness, goodness (rare), grace,
perusal (archaic), survey, examen (rare or superiority; spec preeminence, greatness,
tech.); spec, review, tiest, disquisition purity.
(rare),probation (U. S. or obs.), collation, Antonyms: see fault.
overhaul (rare), consideration (archaic), excellent, a. admirable, worthy, splendid
reconnaissance or reconnoissance, perscru- (colloq.), tiptop (colloq.), superexcellent,
tation (rare), assay, post-mortem, prying. brave, choice, first-rate, transcendent, ex-
2. inquiry, interrogation, inqmsition; quisite, prime, sterling, superordinary,
spec, catechism, collections (pi.; Eng. unexceptionable, divine (fig.), heavenly
schools), school (Oxf. University), tripos, (fig.), crack (slang or colloq.), grand (col-
responsions (pi.), exercise, httle go (Eng.), loq.), great (chiefly U. S. and colloq.), ad-
great go or greats (£nff.). mirable, golden, jolly (colloq.), rum (cant),
examine, v. t. &
investigate, inspect,
i. 1. surpassing, extreme.
scrutinize, peruse (archaic), dissect, ex- Antonyms: see faulty, bad, imperfect,
aminate consider (archaic),
(literary), FAIR.
overlook, search,' scan, introspect (pri- except, V. t. exclude, omit; spec reserve,
marily spec; rare), overhaul, survey; spec. forprize (rare).
collate, rummage, explore, reconnoiter, Antonyms: see include.
ransack, probe (as a wound), canvass, re- except, prep, unless, saving, save, but, ex-
view, bottom, feel, bolt, sift, sniff, try, cepting, batting (obsolescent or literary).
test, candle, anatomize. exception, n. 1. exclusion, omission; spec.
2. question, interrogate, cross-examine reservation, limitation, reserve, forprize
(implying repeated and close questioning), (rare), salvo.
quiz (U. S.), catechize; spec, pry (v. i. 2. See objection.
only), sound (in order to get the views of, excess, n. 1. excessiveness, immoderation,
etc!), probe. immoderacy (rare), immoderateness, su-
example, n. 1. One that serves to illustrate: perabundance, exuberance, exuberancy.
K^^ Cross references: see Note. exasperation: anger. exceptional: abnormal, un-
exalt: praise, debate, advance, exceeding: above. usual, special,
elate. excel, V. t.: exceed, surpass. ezceptious: caviling,
exanimate; dead. excel, V. %.; exceed. exceptive: caviling.
exasperate; anger, irritate. except: object. excerpt, v. t.: extract, quote.
exasperated: angry. exceptionable: objectionable. excerpt, n,: extract, quotation.

IE^° See Notes of Explanation.

166
 EXCLAMATION
superfluity, inordinacy {rare), inordinate- brained, hot-headed, inflammable, in-
ness, extremiam {xare), extremeness, tran- flammatory {rare).
scendence, transcendency; spec. Caligu- Antonyms: see UNEXciTABiiE.
lism {jig.), extravagance, extravagancy, excitation, n. 1. The act or action: causing,
extremity, extreme, exorbitance, exorbi- arousing, rousing, provocation {esj). spec!),
tancy, fulsomeness, imrestraint, nimiety, excitement {rare); spec, electrification
redundance, exundance {rare), overabun- {often fig.), incendiarism.
dance, overmuchness {rare), superfluence 2. See excitement.
{rare), violence, unreasonableness. excitative, a. excitive, excitory, inflamma-
Avionyms: see constraint. tory {usually spec); spec incendiary {fig.),
2. Referring to the thing that is in excess, irritative {chiefly biol?).
or to the degree of excess: superabundance, excite, v. t. actuate {learned), move, cause
redundancy, plethora, overmuch {rare), call {used with "up," "into activity," etc.),
superfluity, superflux {rare), surfeit, sur- raise, rouse, arouse, waken, awake,
plus, surplusage, overplus; spec, oversup- awaken, stimulate, incite, inflame, sum-
ply, overflow, flood, overstock, glut, mon {used with "into activity," etc.), in-
over, extra, plurality, epact {astron.), spire, quicken, inebriate C^.), stir, be-
overweight, majority. stir, kittle {Scot), disturb, kindle, im-
Antonyms: see deficiency. passion, enchafe (archaic), fire, electrify
S. Referring in indulgence: im-
to excess {often fig.), ferment {fig.), whet, irritate
moderation, intemperance {chiefly spec); (chiefly biol.), impel, prompt, provoke,
spec, crapulence {learned). anger, agitate, heat, elate, enfrenzy {rare);
excessive, a. immoderate, inordinate, ex- —mostly idiomatic or specific.
travagant; spec, extreme, exorbitant, Antonyms: see calm.
nimious (chiefly Scots law), exuberant, excited, a. nervous, ebullient {rare),
superabundant, exundant (rare), over- heated; spec, incensed, intoxicated, fren-
great, overlarge, redundant, overmuch, zied, fevered, feverish, restless, hot, tense,
fulsome, deadly {colloq.), undue, tran- delirious, frantic, wild.
scendent, unreasonable, outrageous, su- Antonyms: see apathetic, cauu, self-
pernumerary, woundy {colloq.; archaic), controlled, TINIMPASSIONBD.
overdone, overflowing, superfluous, sur- excitement, n. The state or feeUng: excita-
plus, spare, dithyrambio {literary), devil- tion, disturbance, tension, activity, bustle
ish, fiendish, cruel, etc. {coUoq.), ferment, fermentation {fig.),
Antonyms: see deficient. heydey {literary), incensement {rare);
excessively, adv. superabundantly, ex- spec, intoxication, inebriation {rare), heat,
travagantly, etc., overly {Scot, and colloq., ebulhence {learned), ebullition {learned),
U. S.J, ultra- {in compounds, as in "ultra- inflammation, overwork, irritation {chief-
conservative"), oonsumedly {literary and ly biol.), stir, breeze, flurry, flutter, ruffle,
affected), over, too, etc. agitation, elation, erethism, delirium, hus-
excliange, n. 1. change {contextual); spec. tle, franticness, electrification {often fig.).
interchange, conversion, commutation, Antonyms: see apathy, calm, self-
reciprocation, transposal, transposition, control.
substitution, barter, cambism, shuffle. exciting, a. disturbing, electric {fig.), stir^
2. premium, agio, batta {Anglo-Indian). ring, incentive, provocative, excitant
3. Referring to the business place: spec. {rare), etc.
change {the form '"change," as in "on Antonyms: see calmative, sedative.
'change," is dvs to an erroneous supposi- exclaim, v. t. & i. shout, cry, ejaculate,
tion), bourse, market, rialto {rare), bazaar, vociferate, reclaim {rare), conclamate
fair. {rare); spec, wail, howl {chiefiy contemptu-
exchange, t>. t. change {contextvul); spec. ous), ululate {rare), exululate {rare), hoot
interchange, reciprocate, commute, sub- {often fig. in contempt), hoop, hoUo, hol-
stitute, transpose, transhift {rare), coun- low, holla, shrill, outshrill {poetic), whew.
terchange, barter, bandy. exclamation, n. 1. shout, cry, interjection,
exchangeable, a. changeable {contexttwl), vociferation; spec, howl {chiefly in con-
commutable, interchangeable. tempt), ululation, ecphonesis {rhetorical;
excise, v. t. To cut off: remove {context- rare), bounce.
ual), excide {rare), exscind {chiefly literary 2. A word exclaimed: spec, interjection.
or fig.), exsect {rare); spec, resect, efface. There are numberless exclamations; a few
excision, n. cutting, exscision {chiefly liter- common ones are: highty-tighty, hoity-
ary or fig.), exsection (rare); spec, resec- toity {somewhat contemptuous or disapprov-
tion, effacement. ing), hilloa, hillo, bounce, boo, bo, boh, ha,
ing),l
excitable, a. nervous, irritable, hot- hollo, hoUow, holloa, halloo, hoicks, huzza,
hollo.

O^ See Notes of Explanation.

167
 EXCLAMATORY
hurrah, hurray, hurra, hurroo, hush, hush-
aby, hello, gosh (slang), chut, bully [slang),
bravo, marry (archaic), he, ho, hie, hey,
hey-ho, hi, heyday, whoop-la, why, zounds
{archaic), yoicks, haw, huh, hoc, evviva
(Italian), evoe {learned), hosanna, alas,
gramercy, hist, whist, eureka, ugh, twang,
whew.
tush, tut,
exclamatory, a. interjectional, interjec-
tionary {rare), interjectory.
exclude, v. t. 1. debar, bar; spec, prohibit,
lock {often used with "out"), out, prevent,
blackball, ostracize.
Antonyms: see include, imply.
EXPEL.
2. iSee
exclusion, n. 1. debarring, debarrance
{rare), debarration {rare), barring, debar-
ment; spec, prohibition, preclusion, pre-
vention, lock-out, ostracism, disfellow-
ship {rare).
2. See EXPULSION.
exclusive, a. excluding^ sole, exclusory;
1.
spec, prohibitive, preclusive, preventive.
Antonyms: see inclusive.
2. Spec, clannish, cliquish.
Antonyms: common. see
excommunicate, v. t. expel, curse, un-
church.
excrement, n. dirt (obsolescent), ordure
(learned), dung (now cant or inelegant),
feces or tseces (chiefly tech.), dejection
(rare), dejecture (rare), rejectamenta (pi.;
rare), egesta (pi.; tech.), soil (esp. in
"night soil"), egestion (rare); spec, but-
tons (pi.), fumet, stool, frass, cast, crottels
(pi.), fiants (pi.). "Excrement" is learned
or tech.
excrescence, n. outgrowth; spec, append-
age, burr, knot, wolf, gall, horn, fungus,
nail, condyloma, wart, caruncle, lump,
sitfast.
excrescent, a. outgrowing; spec, super-
fluous.
excrete, v. expel, discharge, pass, egest
t.
(rare); spec, evacuate, eliminate, defecate.
Antonyms: see assimilate.
excretion, n. expulsion, discharge, eges-
tion (rare); spec, elimination, evacuation,
dejection, diruesia, perspiration, metasyn-
crisis (med.), sahva, bile, etc.
Antonyms: see secketion.
excretitious, a. expulsory, excrementi-
tious, excrementitionary; spec, evacuant,
dejectory, depurative, emunotory.
excursion, n. 1. The ad or action: expedi-
tion; spec, sally, trip.
2. journey, trip; spec, outing, ride, voy-
age, sail, pilgrimage, tramp, ramble,
jaunt, tour, walk.
8. See deviation, digkession.
excursionist, n. Spec, tripper (coUoq.),
tourist, voyager, rambler, walker, driver,
rider, etc.
excusable, a. allowable, dispensable (ar-
chaic), defensible, pardonable, venial.
Antonyms: see unpabdonable, inex-
cusable, FLAGRANT.
excusatory, a. dispensative, dispensatory,
excusative, apologetic.
excuse, n. 1. defense, excusal (rare), par-
don, remission, remittal (rare); spec, apol-
ogy, condonation, extenuation, justifica-
tion, indulgence, forgiveness, dispensa-
tion, essoin (law), amnesty.
2. The thing offered by way of excuse: plea,
defense; spec, justification, reason,
ground, apology, color.
Antonyms: see punishment.
excuse, v. t. 1. pardon, remit, overlook;
spec, condone, forgive, extenuate, essoin,
dispense, justify, furlough.
Antonyms: see punish.
2. See free.
execute, v. t. 1. To carry out, as a plan,
purpose, command: perform.do, effectuate,
effect; spec, enforce, fulfill, wreck (ven-
geance) ; see accomplish, fill.
2. Togo through actions, operations, move-
ments, etc., constituting: do (as a dance, a
somersault), perform; spec, perpetrate (as
a joke; colloq.), play (as a trick), turn (a
handspring); see finish.
3. make (a deed, conveyance, will).
4. See MAKE.
5. kill (contextual); spec, garrote, impale,
behead, draw, decimate, crucify, guillo-
tine, hang, gibbet, shoot, strangle, drown,
electrocute (a word often condemned as
barbarous but which appears to have estab-
lished itself).
execution, n. 1. doing, effecting, effectuat-
ing, performance; spec, enforcement, fill-
ing; see accomplishment.
2. doing, performance; spec, perpetration
(colloq.), playing.
3. The manner of executing: spec, pianism
(cant), mechanism, technique, touch,
brush.
4. killing (contextual); spec. auto-darf6
(Portuguese), noyade (French), decima-
tion, guillotinade, euthanasia, crucifixion,
hanging, strangling, electrocution (see
"electrocute," under execute).
executioner, n. killer (contextual), deaths-

^^ Cross references; see Note. excruciate: iorture. execrable: abominable, bad.

excogitate: devise. exculpate: acquit, execrate: curse.
excoriate: eHn. excursive: discursive, execrated; accursed.
excoriated: raw, excursus: discussion, digres- execration; cursing.
ezerementltious: fecaZ. sion. executed; done.

XM^ See Notes of Explanation.

168
 EXPANDED
man {rare or literary); spec, headsman, weary {rare); spec, impoverish, overcrop,
hangman, carnifix. lictor {Roman antiq.), breathe.
Jack Ketch {hist.}, tormentor (o Latin- Antonyms: see strengthen, refresh,
ism), slaughterman {rare). rest, restore.
executor, n. doer, accomplisher, perform- exliaust, n. exhaustion, education (obso-
er, executive {chiefly spec). lescent).
exegesis, 71. exposition. exiiausted, a. forspent (archaic), fordone
exercise, n. 1. The act or action: exertion (archaic), effete (learned), dead, forworn
(esp. vrith conscious effort or force), exerci- (archaic), outspent (rare), outworn; spec.
tation {learned), use, practice (oftm spec), breathless, forfoughten (obs. or Scot.).
working, operation' spec play, plying, Antonyms: see strong, fresh.
wielding, breather, breath. exhaustion, n. 1. Spec, draining, empty-
2. The course of exercise: training, prac- ing, emptiness.
tice, drill, drilling, discipline; spec, goose- 2. weakening, prostration, exhaustedness,
step, school; see training. depletion; spec inanition, exinanition
3. The act of showing or of putting into prac- (rare), collapse, impoverishment.
tice: use, practice, having, exhibition. exhaustive, a. 1. emptying.
4. See AGITATION. 2. Referring to a discussion: complete,
6. trial, test; spec, composition, examina^ full, thorough.
tion, quodUbet {Latin; hist.), theme {ob- exhort, v. t. advise, urge.
solescent), study, 6tude {French). exhortation, n. advice, urging, protreptic
exercise, v. t. 1. exert, practice, use, oper- (rare), hortation {learned), prone (rare;
ate, work; spec, play, wield, ply, breathe, eccl.), parsenesis (rare), hortative (rare).
walk, run, trot, course, prosecute. exhortative, a. exhortatory, cohortative
Antonyms: see disuse. (esp. gram.), hortative, hortatory, urgent.
2. train, drill, school, discipUne, practice; exigency, n. demand, need, necessity, dis-
spec, enter {cant), teach, tutor; see train. tress, difficulty, extremity, urgency,
8. use, have, do, practice, show, exhibit, strait, juncture, pressure, pinch; spec.
prosecute, crisis.
i. See agitate. exigent, a. demanding, exacting, urgent,
exiialation, n. aura {learned or tech.), et-
1. necessary, distressfm, pressing; spec.
flation {rare), emission, breath {rare), ex- critical.
halement {rare), emanation^ halitus {rare); exile, n. 1. outcast.
spec reek, blast, transpiration, fume, 2. See expulsion.
miasma, steam, smoke, evaporation. exit, n. 1. departure; spec, death.
Some of these words are used only con- 2. A way out: outlet, egress, escape; spec.
cretely, of the thing exhaled. doorway, gate, window, skyUght, ete.
2. breath {contextual), expiration; spec Antonyms: see i:ntrance.
exsufflation, puff. exorbitant, a. e:ccessive. Sibylline (fig.);
Antonyms: see inhalation. spec, greedy.
exhale, v. t. 1. breathe, emanate, emit; Antonyms: see moderate.
spec transpire, respire, reek, outbreathe, exorcise, v. t. lay, down (colloq.); spec, ex-
fume, furnace, vapor, gasp, steam, smoke, sufHate.
evaporate, blow. exorcism, n. laying, downing (colloq.);
2. breathe {contextual), expire, vent spec, exsufflation (rare).
{rare); puff; spec, blow, spout. exordium, n. beginning, proem {literary or
exliale, v. i. breathe {coTiiextual), expire; learned), introduction; spec, preface.
spec. exsufflat«, spout, blow, puff. exoteric, a. I. Referring to disciples: un-
Antonyms: see inhale. initiated, outer.
exliaust, V. t. 1. See drain, empty, draw, 2. Referring to opinions: public.
discuss. 3. Referring to an author, etc: common-
2. weaken, deplete, overcome, spend, place.
overspend {rare), overtire, pump, extener- expand, v. t. & i. 1. See open, develop.
ate {rare; fig.), prostrate, outwear, oul^ 2. spread, widen, bulk, outspread; spec.

B^= Crass references: see Note. exhibltoiy: disclosing. existence: beiTig.

exemplify: example, typify. exhilarate: elate, enliven. existent: being.
exempt: free. exhort, v. t.: advise, urge. exodus: emigration.
exemption: freeing, freedom. exhort, v. i.: preach. exonerate: acquit.
exert: exercise. exigible: demandable. ezorable: complaisant.
exertive: active. exiguous: slender. exorbitance, exorbitancy:
exfoliate:, ecale, shed. exile, V. t.: expel. excess.
exhibit, n.: show. exlmious: distinguished. exorbitant: excessive.
exhibition: show. exist: be. expanded: wide.

1^" See Notes of Explanation.

169
 EXPANSE
stretch, outspread; spec, outstretch, spec, outcast (rare), excommunicate, dis.
mushroom, unfurl, display, dilate, dis- parish, unchurch, drum (used with "ovi",
tend, open. esp. mil.), disfellowship (U. S.), disown
Antonyms: see shrink, press. (in the Society of Frierids).
3. develop. 4. banish, exile, exclude, drive (u,sed with
expanse, n. expansion (less usual than "out"); spec, deport, expatriate, epatriate
"expanse"), area, stretch, spread; spec. (rare), depatriate (rare or obs.), transport,
contiguity, continuity, sheet, field, sea relegate, ostracize, denationalize, exos-
outepread (rare). tracize (rare), ride (chiefly with "from").
(fig.),
expansion, n. 1. spread, widening; spec. expend, v. t. consume (contextual), outlay,
stretch, dilation, diastole. disburse, spend, use, employ.
2. See EXPANSE, DEVELOPMENT. expenditure, n. consumption (contextual),
expansive, a. wide; spec, comprehensive, outlay, outgo, disbursement, expense (ar-^
elastic, dUatable, extensible. chaic); spec, profusion, cost.
Antonyms: see confined. Antonyms: see income.
expatiate, v. i. enlarge, descant, dilate, expense, n. 1. expenditure, outlay; spec.
expand. cost, charge.
expect, V. t. contemplate, anticipate, think, 2. See charge.
trust, await, hope, look, calculate (used experience, v. t. have, know, see, meet,
loith an infinitive clause or with "that"; encounter, undergo; spec, suffer, enjoy,
chiefly load, U. S.), apprehend. share, try, realize, taste, lead, receive,
expectancy, n. 1. anticipation, hopeful- prove (archaic).
ness, apprehension. experience, n. knowledge, acquaintance,
2. prospect, abeyance (tow). encounter; spec, sufferance, enjoyment,
expectant, a. anticipator, anticipant, trial, taste, adventure, time.
hopeful. Antonyms: see inexperience.
expectation, n. anticipation, contempla- experienced, a. Spec, old, practiced, wise,
tion, thou^t, trust, hope. salted (slang or colloq.), veteran, expert.
expectorate, v. i. 1. raise; spec, cough. Antonyms: see inexperienced.
2. See SPIT. experimental, a. trial.
expediency, n. advantage, advisability, expert, a. adroit; spec, proficient, scientific.
poUcy; spec, opportunism. expert, n. crack (colloq. or slang), adept,
expedient, a. wise (contextual), politic; dabster (colloq.), dab (colloq.; chiefly
spec, timeserving, opportunist; see wise, spec), proficient, master, sharp (slang),
ADVANTAGEOUS. sharper (slang), shark (slarig); spec.
expedient, n. device, shift; spec, kink, specialist, technician, technicist (rare),
trick, stopgap, dodge (coUoq.), ruffle, re- technologist, virtuoso (masc), virtuosa
sort, resource, makeshift, subterfuge. (fenn.), connoissevu-.
expedite, v.t. 1. dispatch, hasten, hurry, Antonyms: see clown, dabbler; also cf.
quicken; spec. faciUtate. bungle.
Antonyms: see hinder. expiate, v.t. To
atone for: redeem, assoil
2. See ACCOMPLISH. (archaic), purge (chiefly law); spec, mend,
expedition, n. 1. haste, dispatch, hasten- ransom.
ing, hurrying. Antonyms: see aggravate.
2. journey, campaign, quest (medieval expiation, n. atonement, redemption, pia-
romance); spec, crusade, commando tion (rare); spec, cross (of Christ), satis-
(South Africa). faction, satispassion (theol.), ransom.
expel, V. t. 1. eject, extrude; spec, shoot, expiatory, a. piacular (rare), redemptive;
oust, discharge, evaporate, excrete, dis- spec, lustrative, lustral.
lodge, dispel, egest, eliminate, belch. expired, a. run (as time; often with "ouf),
Antonyms: see admit, inject. over (colloq.).
2. In reference to putting a person out of explain, v. t. expound, solve, elucidate, re-
some place: remove, exclude; spec, evict, solve, explicate (rare), unfold, dissolve
estampede (rare), exsibilate (rare), de- (rare); spec, demonstrate, construe, clear,
force (rare), fire (slang, U. S.), bounce interpret, enucleate (learned), innuendo
(slang or cant, U. S.), disseize, bolt, oust. (law), untie (fig.), undo (rare), unriddle,
Antonyms: see admit. unravel, untangle, glossate, gloss, define,
3. Referring to putting out of some organi- describe, develop, detail.
zation or body: exclude, &:e (slang, U. S.); Antonyms: see obscure.
K^* Cross references: see Note. expensive: costly. expiration: exhalation, end, death.
eipatriate: expel. expert, a.; skillful. expire: exhale, die, end.
expense: sumptuary. expertness: skill. expiry: death, end.

tS' See Notes of Explanation,

170
 EXPULSION
explainable, a. accountable, interpret- express, n. 1. See dispatch.
able, explicable. 2.agency (coniextual), dispatch.
explainer, n. expounder; i^ec. hierophant, express, V. t. 1. squeeze (esp. wUh "out").
exponent. 2. See EXTORT, send, hasten.
explanation, n. 1. account, interpretation, 8. represent, symbolize, present, show,
elucidation, exposition, explication, denote, testify (archaic), betoken; spec.
^clairoissement (French) ^ construction; delineate.
spec, definition, description, d^not^ment 4. Referring to the conveying of an idea by
(French). words, actions, etc.: spec, state, emit, mani-
2. Referring to what explains: explication, fest, tell, frame, present, have (used wUh
key; spec, comment, commentary, exege- "it"), enunciate, language (rare), broach,
sis, secret, innuendo, catastrophe. breathe, dictate (obs. or archaic), ex-
explanatory, a. interpretative, elucidative, pound, deliver, couch, dash, vent, air,
elucidatory, explanative (rare), expository, word, utter, voice, clothe, cough, hoot,
expositive, expositional, exegetical. communicate, blush, nod, signify, smile,
explicit, a. 1. See definite. sound, speak, hymn, figure, write, wave,
2. express; spec, written, outspoken, posi- pantomime (rare), look, glance, glare,
tive, plain. gesticulate.
Antonyms: see implied. Antonyms: see imply.
explode, See destroy.
v. t. 1. 6.See SEND.
2. burst, detonate; spec, fire, pop, spring, expression, n. 1. squeezing (used esp. with
deflagrate, crack. "out").
exploit, V. t. utilize (contextual); spec, milk 2. representation, symboUzation, presen-
(colloq.), work (colloq.). tation, presentment, show, denotation;
exploration, n. search, prospecting, pros- spec, delineation, token,
pect, probe; spec, inquisition. 8. Spec, statement, utterance, emission,
explore, v. t. search, plumb (fig.), fathom, wording, breath, commimication, vent,
outsearch (rare); spec, prospect. signification, etc.
explosion, n. 1. Spec, destruction. 4. diction; spec, eloquence, idiom, brev-
2. bursting, burst spec, fulmination, de-
j
ity, etc.
tonation, fulguration, blast, clap, crack, 5.Referring to the thing expressed: spec.
shot, report, pop. effusion, phraseology, locution, phrase,
8. See OUTBREAK. term, word, look; see saying.
explosive, n. Spec, lyddite, cordite, ful- expressionless, a. unmeaning, null (rare),
minant (rare), dynamogen, rackarock, wooden (fig.), vacant, blank; spec, soul-
fulminate, dynamite, roburite, gelignite, less, fishy (fig.), dull.
guncotton, herculite, gunpowder, trinito- Antonyms: see expkessivb,
toluol, TNT (abbr.). expressive, a. demonstrative, eloquent,
expose, V. t. 1. disclose, unearth (fi^.), flay significant, significatory, significative,
(fig.), decorticate; spec, unmask, bare. meaning (rare); spec, forceful, wise, em-
Antonyms: see hide, seclude. phatic, epigrammatic.
2. subject (used with "to"); spec, venture, Antonyms: see meaning, blank, ex-
risk, post, weather, pitch, gibbet (fi^.), pressionless.
bare, abandon. expulsion, n. 1. ejection, ejectment (chief-
Antonyms: see protect, shelter. ly law); spec, explosion, defenestration,
exposed, a. 1. bleak, raw, airy, bare, open, elimination, dislodgment, discharge.
shelterless, windy. Antonyms: see admission, injection,
Antonyms: see sheltered, unexposed. 2. banishment, exile, exilement, deporta-
2. With "to": Uable, subject. tion, relegation (chiefly Roman law),
3. See BARE. transportation (chiefly spec.), expatria-
expostulate, t>. t. remonstrate, tion, ostracism, petahsm (ancient hist.),
exposure, n. I. disclosure; spec, show-up rustication.
(coUoq.), unmasking. Antonyms: see admission.
2. Usually with "to": subjection; spec. 8. ejectment, exclusion, eviction, ousting.
abandonment. 4. excommunication (eccl.) ,exclusion, ex-
Antonyms: see protection, shelter. cision (rare).
8. liability, subjection (v.sed with "to"), 5. excretion, discharge, catharsis (tech.);
hableness (rare). spec, diuresis, evacuation.

t^' Crossreferences: see Note. exploded: obsolete. exposition: explanatum, ezc'

expletive: oath. exploit: deed. gesis, show, statement. [atory.
explicable: explainable. export: ship. expositive: disdosing, explan^
explloate: explain. exposal: disclosure. expound: state, express, explain.

fS" See Notes o( Explanation.

171
 ,

EXPULSIVE
expulsive, Spec, expulsory (rare), eject-
a. gree, compass, stretch, content (tech.),

ive, eliminant, eliminative {physiol. and gauge, length (also fi^.), field, latitude,
chem.), explosive, eobolic (med.; rare), ex- range, scope, breadth, width, height, dis-
communicative, excommunicatory. tance, area.
expurgate, v. i. emasculate, expurge (rare), extenuative, a. excusatory, paUiatory;
castrate; spec, bowdlerize. spec, euphemistic.
extemporaneous, a. 1. extemporized, un- extenuative, n. palliative; spec, euphem-
premeditated, spontaneous, extempore, ism.
improvised, improvisatory, improvisator- exterior, a. 1. outer, external, outward,
ical (rare), offhand, impromptu. outside, extern (rare); spec, outmost, out-
2. See OCCASIONAL. ermost, superficial, outlsdng.
extempore, adv. impromptu, extempo- Antonyms: see interior.
raneously. 2. See FOREIGN.
extemporize, v. compose (contextual), im- exterior, n. outside; see strap ace.
provise. externalize, v. t. objectify, objectize (rare),

extemporizer, n. improvisator, impro- entify (rare); see visualize.

viser, improvisatore or (the Italian spell- externally, a. outwardly, outside, out-
ing) improwisatore, improvisatrice or (the ward, outwards.
Italian spelling) improwisatrice (fern.). extinction, n. destruction (contextual);
extend, v. t. 1. Spec, continue, lengthen, spec, annihilation, death, suffocation.
elongate, widen, drag, enlarge, pass extinguish, v. t. destroy (ccmtexlual) ; spec.
(chiefly with "to"), run, stretch, produce annihilate, quench, choke (often with
(chiefly with "to"), draw, distend, protend "out" or "off'), quell, subdue, douse
(rare), prolong, protract, coextend, string, (slang or cant), dout (now dial.), remove,
deploy (mil.), diffuse, carry, wiredraw. suppress, slake (rare), stifle, smother, suf-
Antonyms: see abridge. focate; see SNUFF.
2. Spec, reach, protrude, thrust, out- Antonyms: see kindle, create, breed,
stretch (chiefly poetic), shoot, portend FOSTER, PRESERVE.
(rare), porrect (rare). extinguished, a. destroyed (contextual);
3. See ENLARGE. spec, dead, out.
extend, v. i. reach, go, come, continue, extirpate, v. t. destroy, abolish, deracinate
range, run, proceed; spec, (physically) (rare), weed (chiefly used with "out"), up-
Tide, project, protrude, ramify, cross, out- root; spec, annihilate.
lie (rare), lie, outreach (poetic), outspan Antonyms: see plant.
(rare), grow, stream, stretch. extort, V. t. elicit, extract, exact, draw,
Antonyms: see shorten, withdraw. wring, wrest, pinch, screw, shave (colloq.
extensible, produceable, productile
a. or slang), force, squeeze.
(rare), extendible, extensile, .protractile; extortion, n. elicitation, exaction; spec.
spec, ductile, malleable, plastic, pUable, tribute, expression, blackmail, chantage
dilatable. (French), garnish (hist.).
extension, n. 1. Spec, continuation, con- extortionate, a. unreasonable (contextval)
tinuance, lengthening, widening, enlarge- exacting, vampire (fl^.), vampiric (fig.),
ment, stretching, production, protraction, blood-sucking (fi^.).
prolongation, distention, coextension, de- Antonyms: see moderate.
ployment, diffusion, deploy. extortioner, n.exacter, extortionist,
Antonyms: see abridgement, retire- wringer, vrrester, caterpillar (fig.), blood-
ment, ABSTRACT. sucker (fi^.), vulture (fig.), flayer ifi^.),
2. Spec, protrusion, projection, porrec- fleecer, griper (rare), vampire (fig.), harpy
tion (rare), pro tension (rare), ramifica^ (fig.); spec, striker, shaver (colloq. or
tion, wing.
3. See comprehension. extra, a. additional, accessory, spare.
extensive, a. Spec, vdde, widespread, far- extra, n. Spec, accessory, et ceteras (pi.;
reaching, nationwide, statewide. Latin), sundries (pi.), additions (pi.),
extent, n. 1. See valuation. paraphernalia (pi.), odd.
2. extension, measure; spec, reach, con- Antonyms: see deficiency.
tinuance, amplitude, size, expanse, di- extract, v. 1. 1. derive, elicit, draw, remove;
mension, measurement, proportions, de- spec, distil, squeeze, extort.

tW Cross references: seeNote. exsiccant: drying. exterminate: abolish.

exquisite, a.: accurate. faBtidi- exsiccate: dry. external: exterior, accidental,
. 0U8. choice, accomplished, in- exsiccous: dry. foreign.
tense, excellent, extant: being. extol: praise, celebrate.
exquisite, n.: dandy. extenuate: mitigate. extolxnent: praise.

IS" See Notes ol Explanation.

172
 —
FABULOUS
Antonyms: see inject. exude, v. i. & t. emit, transude, discharge,
2. See REMOVE, WITHDRAW. sweat (chiefly spec), ooze; spec weep, per-
extract, n. 1. Spec, essence, decoction, colate, infiltrate, filter, strain, hxiviate.
magistery {rare), distillate, distillation. Antonyms: see absorb.
2. See QUOTATION. exult, V. i. rejoice, vaunt, insult (archaic),
extraction, n. 1. eUcitation, derivation; crow (colloq.), jubilate, maffick (coUoq.);
spec, distillation, squeezing, etc. spec, gloat, triumph, glory.
2. See DESCENT. Antonyms: see mourn.
extraordinary, a. unusual, singular, un- exultant, o. rejoicing, jubilant.
coniinon, remarkable, exemplary (ar- exultation, n. gladness, rejoicing, insulta-
chaic), portentous {humorous), phenom- tion (archaic); spec, gloat, gloating, tri-
enal, prodigious {humorous, exc. spec); umph, jubilation.
spec, transcendent, parlous (collpq. or hu- Antonyms: see mourning.
morous), inconceivable, distinguished, exuvium, n. skin, cast, slough. "Exvmum"
amazing, monstrous, marvelous, abnor- is tech. or learned.
mal, enormous. eye, n. 1. oculus (tech. or spec), orb (poetic
Antonyms: see common. or rhetorical), optic (chiefly in plural, and
extravagance, n. 1. excess, profusion, pro- colloq. or slang), glim (slang), peeper
fuseness, prodigality, lavishness, exuber- (slang), lamps (pi.; slang; formerly po-
ance; spec, superabundance, enormity, etic), piercer (slang), goggler (slang), or-
monstrosity, wildness, furor, etc. bit (an erroneous use); spec, eyelet, ocvdus,
Antonyms: see economy. cock-eye, wall-eye, stemma, facet.
2. hyperbolism {rhet.); spec, bombast, 2. jSee vision, look.
fantasticality, fantasticalness, grotesque- 3. eyehole; spec. coUar, eyelet, peephole,
ness, grotesquerie, etc. eye, v. t. Spec, watch, ogle.
extravagant, a. 1. profuse, profusive eyeball, n. apple (of the eye).
(rare), prodigal,
lavish; spec, wasteful, eyebrow, n. brow, superciUum (tech.).
profligate, rampant, wild, rank. eyeglass, n. Spec, monocle, pince-nez
Antonyms: see economical, stingy. (French), nippers (ph.; slang), lorgnette,
2. Spec, bombastic, fantastic, fantastical, lorgnon (French).
wild, furious, eccentric, bizarre, grotesque, eyelashes, n. pi. cilia (technical), eye-
odd, baroque, rococo. winkers.
Antonyms: see mattee-of-fact, mod- eyeless, a. exoculated (learned), blind.
erate. eyelid, n. Hd, palpebra (anat); spec. haw.
extravasation, n. stigma. eyesore, n. dissight or desight (rare).
extreme, a. 1. remotest, utmost (becoming eyewash, n. coUyrium, eyewater.
rare, exc. spec), farthest, uttermost {ar-
chaic or formal), last, ultra {chiefly tech.),
limitary.
Antonyms: see nearest. table, n. 1. apologue.
2. See FINAL. 2. See UNTRUTH, STORY.
3. greatest, utmost, uttermost {archaic or fable, v. t. feign, invent; referring to what
formal), supreme, outside {colhq.); spec. is told in words.
precious {colloq.), horrible {colloq.). fabric, n. 1. building.
4. excessive, deep {chiefly spec); spec. 2. cloth, texture (archaic), contexture,
bad, drastic, intense, desperate {coUo^.), stuff (chiefly spec), tissue (chiefly spec),
egregious, impossible, outrageous, im- toile (French), web (chiefly spec), woof
moderate, deadly {colloq.), eternal {now (rare), material, medley; spec, textile
vulgar), heroic, high, radical, unspeakable (chiefly tech.), network, homespun, twill,
{coUoq.), monstrous {colloq.), etc. diagonal, duvetjm, webbing, etc
drill,
extreme, n. 1. See end. 3. See texture.
2. utmost, limit, extremity; spec, excess, fabricate, v. t. 1. See construct.
pink, height. 2. Referring to a made-w^ tale, story, etc.:
extremely, adv. very, so {chiefly coUoq.). devise, compose; spec spin, coin, forge.
exudation, n. emission, discharge, sweat fabulous, a. fictitious; spec, romantic,
(chiefly spec), weep (colloq. or cant), ooze legendary, feigned.
(only of what exudes), percolation. Antonyms: see actual.

J^' Cross references: see Note. extrude: expel. eyeshot: eigJU.

extradite: deliver. exuberance: abundance, excess. eyesight: eight.
extraneous: foreign. exuberant: abundant, excessive,
extricate: free. [iemal. prolix.
extrinsic: foreign, accidental, ex- exuberate: sound. fable: narrative.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

173
 —

FACE
(ace, n. t. countenance {literary or teamed), spec, die (used with "out"), dim, pale, dis-
features (pL), visage, favor (arehaic), solve, disperse.
front (slang or fig.), physiognomy, maz- Antonyms: see intensify.
ard {archaic and jocular), phiz {colloq. and fail, V. i. 1. lack, collapse, miss, miscarry,
jocular), mug {slang), brow {rare or obs.); abort, fizzle (chiefly U. S.); spec, err,
spec, grimace. flunk {school slang, U. S.), default.
2. See BOLDNESS, APPEARANCE, COVER, Antonyms: see succeed.
EDGE, ASPECT, PRESENCE, SITRPACE, FACET. 2. break, bankrupt, default, defalcate
forefront {chiefly spec); spec, es-
8. front, smash (slang), swamp
(rare), (colloq.).
carpment, breast, disk, pedion, obverse, Antonyms: see succeed.
head. 3. See decline, sink, sicken.
face, V. 1. 1. To
have the face towards: front, failure, n. I. fail (obs., exc. in "withovi
coirfront, envisage {rare); spec, respect, fail").
frontier. 2. See decline.
2.oppose, front, breast, confront, buck 3. deficiency, default, omission, nonact
{slang, U. S.), brave, cope {rare); spec. (rare), nonexecution; spec, abortion, col-
outbrazen, nose, beard, buffet, defy, dare. lapse, fizzle (colloq.), miscarriage, flunk
Antonyms: see avoid. (U. S.; school slang), lapse, muff, fiasco,
8. To show to the face of (o person): con- breakdown, slip, negligence, frost (slang),
front; often with "with." dereliction, delinquency, nonsuccess.
4. cover; spec, veneer, revet,, hne, camp- Antonyms: see success.
shed {local, Eng.). 4. bankruptcy (in U. S. spec), insolv-
5. See BRAZEN. ency (in U. S. spec), break, default, de-
face, V. i. front, head {chiefly spec), give falcation (rare); spec, smash (colloq.),
(a Gallicism); spec, look {often fig.). crash.
facet, n. face {contextiud); spec, templet, 5. migh1>-have-been (colloq.).
lozenge, table {in gems), cut, culet. faint, a. 1. See timid.
facetious, a. humorous. 2. weak, languid, listless, dolche-fami-
tace-to-face, a. Spec t^te-Sr-t§te {French), ente (Italian), sickly, gone (colloq.).
vis-S,-vis {French), respectant (Aer.). Antonyms: see powerful.
facing, n. 1. cover {contexlvuT); spec lining, 3. See INDISTINCT, DIM.
envelope, shoe, veneer, skin. 4. Referring to sounds: soft, small, gentle,
2. frontage, outlook; spec, exposure. thin.
8. confrontation, confrontment {rare). faint, n. swoon, deliquium (archaic); spec.
faction, n. 1. combination, division, side; lipothymia.
spec clique, sect; see party. faint, V. i. 1. decline, fade.
2. See dissension. 2. swoon, go (contextiud), swelter (rare).
factory, n. workshop, shop, manufactory Antonyms: see revive.
(formal), officina (Spanish), works (chiefly faintness, n. Spec, swoon, lassitude.
spec), mint (often spec); spec, battery, fair, a. 1. good-looking, dejrter (rare); spec.
pottery, bloomery, bakery, confectionery, beautiful, shapely, clean, clear, glossy,
brickyard, etc. smooth, sweet.
faculty, n. 1. See ability, art. 2. See desirable, impartial, favor-
2. Of the mind's faculties: power, sense, able, auspicious, just, unobstructed,
wits (pi.; chiefly spec); spec, instinct, in- CLEAR.
tellectuals (pi.; archaic), reason. 3. medium, passable, fairish (rare), so-so
8. department, school (hist.); spec, semi- (coUoq.), moderate, indifferent, tolerable,
narists (pi.). respectable, reasonable, decent, ordinary;
fad, n. custom, craze, rage, hobby, mania, spec, average.
monomania, frenzy, delirament (rare), Antonyms: see excellent, bad.
whim-wham (archaic or rare), furor; spec. 4. blond, blonde, clear, white (coUoq.,
fashion, pursuit, tulipomania, vinomania, U. S.); spec, lily, hlied.
crotchet, dipsomania, etc. Antonyms: see dark.
lade, V. i. 1. See decline, wither. fair, n. Spec, bazaar, exchange, kermis,
2. vanish (often used with "away"), faint; show.

J^= Cross references: see Note. fact: occurrence, actuality, truth. fsecal: fecal.
facetiae: pleasantry. factious: disagreeing, dissentient. fseces: excrement,
facetious; funny. factitious: artificial, false. fag: drudge, tire.
tacetiousnesa: pleasanlry. factor: agent, element. fag-end: end.
facile: easy, complaisant, ready. factorage: agency. fagot: bundle.
fluent, skUlful. factual: actual. fail, V. t.: desert,
facilitate: aid, ease. f acture; creation, making, doing. falling: fault.
facsimile: copy, duplicate. facultative: optional. f alnt-hearted:coi0ardZi/, timid.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

174
 ,

FAMILIAR
fairly, adv. fair, well, middling (usiudly fallible, a. errable
(rare), deceivable (rare).
qualifying an adjective, as "good"). Antonyms: see infallible.
fairy, n. demon (often spec.), spirit (con- falling, a. descending, cadent
(archaic);
Uxhuil)^ fay, sprite or {archaic) spright: spec, precipitant, deciduous, incident,
spec. Titania, browny, elf, nix, fairyhood dripping, etc.
(a collective). Antonyms: see rising.
fairyland, n. faerie or fagry {archaic), falling, n. descent; spec, dripping, distilla^
fairydom; spec, dreamland. tion, drip-drop, incidence, ptosis (rare),
take, V. t. falsify {contextual), sophisticate, prolapsus.
counterfeit {contextual); spec, deacon fallow, a. uncultivated, unplowed, un-
{cant or colloq.), doctor {colloq.), duff tilled, lea, ley or lay (Eng.).
{slang or colloq.), nobble (slang), fudge, Antonyms: cultivated (see culttvate).
cook (slang), ecdt (euphemistic), pack. false, a. I. See untruthful, unfaithful,
fake, w. contrivance, fakement; spec, adul- UNTRUE, erroneous, DECEPTIVE, AB-
teration, fraud, cheat. SURD, dishonest.
fakir, n. ascetic (contextual), dervish. 2. pseudo (chiefly learned or in combinoi-
falcon, n. hawk (contextual); spec, tercel- tion), spurious, bastard (chiefly in con-
gentle (male), merlin, lanner (esp. fern.), tempt), counterfeit, supposititious, hol-
lanneret (masc), tartaret (obs.), sakeret low, bogus, fictitious, Active (rare); spec.
(masc; archaic), saker (esp. fern.), shahin pretended, forged, made-up, impostrous
or shaheen, sore-falcon. (rare), artificial, factitious.
fall, V. i. 1. descend (formal), drop, sink, Antonyms: see true, native.
lapse (literary and rare); spec, drop, calve falsify, V. t. alter, sophisticate; spec, fake,
(dial, or tech.), cave (u^ed with "in"), pitch, cook (slang), interpolate (by adding), doc-
drip, slump (dial.), plop, rain, plump, tor; see adulterate, pake.
squab, cataract, topple, drizzle, droop, falsity, n. 1. falsehood; spec, absurdity,
tumble, slant, distill, lodge, collapse, shed. deceptiveness, etc.; see dishonesty.
Antonyms: see eise, stand. 2. spuriousness, supposititiousness, hol-
2. See DESCEND (come to a lower level), lowness, fictitiousness, fictiveness (rare);
END, ACCRUE, BECOME, APOSTATIZE, DE- spec, pretension, artificiality.
CLINE, DIE, DEPRECIATE, LOWER (referring falter, v. i. 1. stumble, stagger, dodder,
to the countenance), sttrrender, abate, hobble, totter, hesitate, waver.
SUBSIDE, OUTGO, PASS, OCCUR. 2. Referring to speech: hesitate, halt; spec.
8. Referring to prices, etc.: decline, drop, stammer, stutter, stumble, quaver, waver,
sink; spec, slump (cant or colloq.), tumble. lisp, hem.
Antonyms: see advance. 8. See hesitate.
fall, n. 1. descent, downfall, downcome, falter, n. 1. stumble, stagger, dodder, tot-
comedown (colloq.), labefaction (rare), ter, hesitation, waver.
drop (often svec); spec, shower, dovrarush, 2. balbuties (tech.), halt, hesitation (con-
downpour, deluge (hyperbolical), cropper textual); spec, stammer, stutter, stumble,
(colloq.; chiefly in "to come a cropper"), quaver, waver, lisp.
discharge, cave-in (chiefly colloq.), aripple, 8. See hesitation.
flap (coUoq.), flop, plop, tumble, spill (col- fame, n. t. See reputation.
loq.), plump (colloq^, squash, dogfall, 2. honor (contextual), repute or reputa-
eavesdrip, eavesdrop, ^boulement (French) tion (contextual), renown, illustriousness,
crowner, collapse. luster, illustration (rare), distinction, ku-
Anionyms: see rise. dos (pedantic or humorous; Greek), celeb-
S. See DESCENT, RUIN, SURRENDER, rity, lionism, lionhood or Uonship (fig.),
tackle, waterfall. note, consideration; spec, glory, eminence,
3. Referring to prices, etc.: decline, drop; greatness, conspicuousness, tongue (fig.).
spec, slump (colloq. or cant), tumble. Antonyms: see obscurity.
Antonyms: see advance. fame, v. t. 1. See report.
fallacy, n. 1. error, deception; spec, soph- 2. eternize (rare), immortalize. The verb
ism, absurdity, sorites, bubble, idol, "fame" is rare.
idolum or idoUsm, paralogism. familiar, a. 1. See domestic, aware.
Antonyms: see truth. 2. intimate, homely (archaic), common
2. deceptiveness (cf. deceptive). (contextual); spec, hobnobby (rare), hail-
1^^ Cross references: see Note. fut, dishonest, treacherous. fallacious: absurd, erroneous,
fair-iaemlne: plaimble. f alcade: front. deceptive.
faith: beliefs constancy, trust. falcate: cursed. falsetto: voice.
lalthfol: constant, accurate. falchion: sword. famed: famous.
trustworthv. conscientious. falderal: trifle, gewoaw. familiar: assodale, domestic,
tslthlesa: unfaithful, uniruth- fall, v. t.: drop. demon, friend.

(7* See Notes of Explanation.

175
 .

FAMILIARITY
fellow (rare), free, overfamiliar, uncon- 8. See CONCEIT, caprice, approval, lik-
strained. ing, TASTE.
Antonyms: see unpamiliab, foemal. fan-shaped, a. flabellate (tech.), flabeUi-
3. See COMMON. form (tech.).
familiarity, n. 1. intimacy, homeliness fantastic, o. 1. See imaginary, capri-
(archaic); spec, freedom, conversation cious.
(literary). 2. fanciful, romantic; spec, grotesque, bi-
2. See KNOWLEDGE, ACQUAINTANCE. zarre; see ODD.
family, n. 1. household, brood (contemptu- Antonyms: see plain.
ous), cletch or clutch (contemptuous), fantasy, n. 1. See imagination, fanct,
people (used with "my," "his," etc.), CAPKICE.
stock, house; spec, mine, his, theirs, etc. 2. fantasia (music).
(all these uses being chiefly colloquial). far, adv. widely, wide, remotely, distantly,
2. lineage (formal), house, race, kin, long, etc.
strain, blood (fig.), breed (chiefly con- Antonyms: see near.
temptxums); spec, dynasty. fare, v. i. 1. See GO, occur, live.
3. See KINDRED, KIND, CLASS. 2. do, come on
(colloq.). "Fare" is more
family, o. Spec, patronymic; see domes- formal than "do."
tic fare, n. 1. See fortune.
t. &i. starve, pinch, clam (dial).
famish,!;, 2. food, table, board (becoming archaic).
Antonyms: see nottbish, feast, feed. farewell, n. goodby, oongfi (formal;
f amisbment, n. starvation, pinch. French), adieu, leave taking, leave (shprt
Antonyms: see nutbition. for "leave taking"), parting, valediction
famous, a. distinguished, celebrated, re- (properly the words said), valedictory (the
nowned, noted, notable, great (context- words).
ual), illustrious, bright, brilliant, lustrous, Antonyms: see greeting.
famed, Roscian (fig.); spec, fabled, his- farm, n. grange; spec, plantation, bar-
toried, storied, heroic, glorious, historical,ton (Eng.), estansia (Sp.), location (Au.s-
immortal {forever). tralia), fazenda (Sp.), farmstead, haci-
Antonyms: see obscuke. enda (Sp. Amer.), ranch (western V. S. &
fan, n. Spec, punkah or punka (East In- Canada), stud, dairy, mains (Scot).
dies), flabellum, fanner (chiefly tech.), far-sighted, a. 1. hypermetropic (tech.),
winnower, blower, colmar (hist.), van, long-sighted, hyperopic (tech.) ; spec, pres-
thermantidote (rare or local) byopic.
fan, V. t. 1. clean (contextual), blow, win- Antonyms: see near-sighted.
now (chiefly spec). 2. provident; see sagacious.
2. See STIMULATE, INCREASE. farther, a. further (chiefly in secondary or
fanatic, n. enthusiast, bigot, zealot, vi- flg. senses); spec, beyond, past.
sionary spec, sectarian.
;
farthest, a. furthest (chiefly in secondary
fanaticism, n. enthusiasm, bigotry, zeal- or fig. senses), uttermost, final, extreme,
otry. endmost, last.
fanciful, a. 1. capricious, fantasied, con- Antonyms: see nearest.
ceited (dial, or archaic), maggoty (now con- fascinate, v. t. 1. bewitch, charm, spell-
temptuous), chimerical, fantastic, fan- bind (chiefly cant); spec, dare (only in "to
tasque (rare), curious, crotchety. dare larks").
Antonyms: see unimaginative, matter- Antonyms: see repel.
of-fact. 2. See CAPTIVE.
2. See odd. fast, a. 1. See firm, constant, unfading,
fancy, n. 1. See imagination (the faculty). RAPID, DISSIPATED, DEEP.
2. The thing imagined: imagination, fan- 2. ahead (referring to time).
tasy, phantasy, notion, idea, thought; fasten, v. t. 1. fix, secure (formal), confine;
spec, antic, jihantasm, hallucination, de- spec, catch, tie, lock gird, infix, marl, bolt,
lusion, megrim, reverie, vapor, specter, chain, belay, pin, lace, strap, cobble,
vision, belief, chimera or chimsera, day- cleat, bond, clasp, infibulate (rare), but-
dream. ton, batten, tether, paste, cement, stick,

It^^ Cross references: see Note. farcical: comic. farrow, v. t: bear.

fancy, v. t.: imagine, believe, like. farm, v. t.: cultivate, lease. farther: also.
fane: church, temple. farmer: agriculturist. farthest: extreme.
fanfare: call. farming: agriculture. fasciated: banded.
fantastic: oddity. farmish: rustic. fascicle: bunch. [ety, fad.
fantom: phantom. far-ofl: distant. fashion, n.: custom, style, soci-
tar-away: diatant. farrier: veterinarian. fashion, v. t,: make, create.
farce, v. t.: eeason. farrow, o.: barren. fashionable: stylish.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

17?
 FAVORABLE
peg, screw, seal, seize, spike, surcingle,
skewer, toggle, wedge, tack, lash, latch,
rivet, rope, mortise, knot, key, fish, dowel,
forelock, hasp, hoop, collar, crank, cotter,
cramp, cable, clinker, buckle, stanchion,
halter, gum, bind, dog.
Antonyms: see loose, unfasten.
2. See ATTACH, HOLD, KEEP, IMPOSE.
fastening, n. confinement; spec,
clip, breeching, lace, lacing, tie, tether,
clasp, tacking, latch, lashing, lock, fast,
headfast, holdfast.
fastidious, a. particular, nice, dainty, deli-
cate, exquisite, fine^ precise; spec, finical,
finicking, chary, picksome (JEng.), prig-
gish, pernickety {contemptwyus) , ovemioe,
starch, niminy-piminy, squeamish, cock-
ney {Eng.), missish, proper (a euphem- fatness,
ism), pr^cieuse {French); see prbciotjs.
Antonyms: see negligent, gross.
fat, o. greasy, pinguedinous (rare), fatty,
1.
unctuous or unguinous (chiefly spec), se-
baceous (physiol.; often spec), pinguid
"genitor" and, occasionally, "fc^hei" are
used only of the human parent.
Antonyms: see child, mother.
2. See ancestor, god, priest, confessor.
father, v. t. 1. beget, sire.
2. See adopt, acknowledge.
3. attribute, impose; see affiliate.
fatherhood, n. paternity, progenitorship
clinch, (rare).
fatherless, a. orphan (contextual), un-
fathered, sireless, dadless (nonce).
fatherly, a. parental (contextual), paternal,
fatherlike, gubernatorial (slang).
fathomless, a. 1. immeasurable, measure-
less, deep, abyssal, abysmal.
Antonyms: see shallow.
2. <See unintelligible.
n. fleshiness, obesity, obeseness,
corpulence, corpulency, polysarcia (tech.),
grossness (rare), pinguitude (rare), pin-
guidity (rare), plumpness; spec, embon-
point (French).
fatten, v. i. &
t. fat (esp. used with "up"),

(rare); spec lardy, oily, tallowy. pinquefy (rare); spec, saginate (rare),
3. corpulent, gross, stocky (contextual), brawn (dial.), batten, plump.
polysarcous (rare; tech.), fleshy, ventricose Antonyms: see waste.
(rare), obese (a formal or book word); spec. faucet, n. cock, tap; spec spigot, spile,
puffy, paunchy (inelegant), pot-bellied stopcock.
(vulgar), pursy, portly, pudgy, fubby, fault, n. 1. Spec, faihng, default, obli-
squab, plump, plumpy. quity, blemish, peccadillo, defalcation, de-
Antonyms: see thin, lanky. linquency, vice, cloud (fig.), spot, flaw,
S. See DULL, PRODUCTIVE, profitable. shortcoming, defect, imperfection, de-
fat, n. Spec grease, sebum (tech.), blub- merit, infirmity, offense.
ber, tallow, seam (obs. or rare), spermar Antonyms: see excellence, worth.
cetti, suet, oil, yolk, lumber (esp. in 2. See BLAME, NEGLIGENCE, CLEFT.
faultfinding, a. censorious, captious, cyn-
fate, n. 1. necessity, destiny, die (fig.). ical or cynic (now chiefly spec), critical,
2. destiny, dispensation, cup (fig.; chiefiy carping.
Scriptural), experience, portion (one's faultless, a. 1. See correct, blameless.
share; usually spec), doom (spec, or fig.). 2. perfect, irreproachable, immaculate,
8. fortune. spotless.
4. weird (archaic), Moerae (Greek; pi.), faulty, o. vicious, bad; spec, ill, blame-
Parcse (Latin; pi.); spec. Clotho, Lathesis, worthy, transgressive, blamable, imper-
Atropos, Norn. _
fect.
fateful, o. fatal, inevitable, necessary, pre- Antonyms: see GOOD, excellent.
destined, predestinate (archaic), doomful, favor, n. 1. Spec, esteem, benignity, popu-
karmic (spec, or fig.; rare); spec tragic. larity; see APPROVAL.
father, n. t. parent (contextual), sire (chief- 2. See AID, APPEARANCE, GIFT, BADGE,
ly poetic, exc of beasts, esp. horses), getter LETTER.
(obs., exc. of horses),genitor (rare), father- 8. Spec benefaction, grace, boon, bene-
ling (nonce u)ord), governor (slang), dad fit, obUgement, kindness, dispensation,
(childish or familiar and undignified), indulgence.
daddy (pet form of "dad"), papa (now favor, V. t. 1. See APPROVE, oblige.
chiefiy childish or affected), pater (Latin or 2. countenance, patronize; spec, see aid.
slang), dada (child's word); spec, (in a Antonyms: see discourage.
hose u^e of "father") stepfather, father- 8. SAVE, SUPPORT, indulge,
See re-
in-law, foster-father, pater-familias. These semble, EASE.
words except "parent," "sire," "getter," favorable, a. U See auspicious.

f^' Cross references: see Note. fathom; sound, understand, ex- fatiguing; tiresome.
fatal: deadly, fateful. plore. fatty: fat.
fate, V. t.: destine. fatigue, n.: weariness. fatuous; foolish, stupid, de-
fatherhood; paternity. fatigue, V. t.: tire. ranged.

19° See Notes of Explanation.

177
 — ,

FAVORITE
S. advantageous; spec, fair, helpful, good, curize (rare); spec, f^te (rare), cosher (Ire-
golden, salutory. land), luxuriate.
Antonyms: see tjnfavgbable. Antonyms: see famish.
8. well-inclined, well-minded, benign, feast, feed (contextual); spec, banquet,
V. t.

friendly, favoring, gracious, propitious. regale, f6te, wine.

Antonyms: see opposed. Antonyms: see famish.
lavoTite, n. 1. dear, minion (now con^ feastday, n. fiesta (Italian).
temptuous); see darling, pet. feasting, n. epulation (rare); spec, ban-
2. See CHOICE. queting, regalement (rare).
iavoritisin,n. partiality; spec, nepotism. feat, n. 1. See accomplishment, deed.
fawn, V. i. cringe, crawl, toady, truckle. 2. stunt (colloq.); spec, split (gymnastics),
Antonyms: see domineer. giant swing, cartwheel.
fawner, n. cringer, toady, sycophant, feather, n. 1. plume (poetic or rhetorical,
truckler, toadeater, bootlicker (colloq. or exc. spec), pen (obs.); spec, plumule, cov-
slang); spec, flunky. ert, scapular,down (a collective), eider-
AnUmyms: see bully. down (a collective), beam, quill, filoplume,
fawning, a. cringing, abject, servile, syco- interscapular, remex, primary, principal,
phantic, toadying, truckhng, toadyish; pinion, streamer, flag.
seeOBSEQUIOUS. 2. jSee PLUMAGE, TUFT.
AnUmyms: see domineering. S. In mechanics: spec spline, rib, flange,
fawning, n. cringing, sycophantism, toady- key, web, fin, tongue, vane.
ism. 4, Referring to part of an oar: blade, flat,

fear, n. alarm, dread, phobia (tech. or rare broad.

and humorous); spec, consternation, panic, feather, v. i. Spec fledge.
funk (slang), misdoubt, misgiving, affright feather, v. 1. 1. implume (rare or rhetorical),
{rare), terror, terrification, trepidation, plume (rare or rhetorical, exc. spec); spec.
scare, fright, fray (archaic), horror, eeri- (of an arrow) flight, fledge, wing, fletch.
ness, awe, apprehension, pantophobia, 2. To remove the feathers from: deplume,
mysophobia, agoraphobia, hydrophobia, deplumate; spec, pinion.
superstition, reverence. feathered, a. plumed (chiefly spec), plum-
Antonyms: see boldness, hope. ous (rare) ; spec winged, pennif erqus (rare)
fear, v. t. apprehend, dread, redoubt (obs. pennigerous (rare) plumate see feathery.
,
;

or rare); spec, misdoubt, revere. feather-footed, a. Referring to a dog:

fear, v. i. Spec, misgive. rough-footed, rough-legged.
feared, a. featherless, a. impennate (chiefly spec);
dread, redoubted (rhetorical).
fearful, o. 1. See afraid. spec, unfledged, callow.
2. dreadful, fearsome (rare), terrible, teatherllke, a. penniform, pennate (rare),
ghastful (archaic), ghastly (obs.), redoubt- pinnate, plumrform; all four learned or
able (rhetorical); spec, dire, awful, grim, tech.
grisly, awesome, gruesome or grewsome, feathery, a. 1. feathered, plumose (chiefly
frightful, horrible, appalling, horrendous spec), plumy (chiefly spec); spec, plum-
(rare), eerie or eery, apprehensive (rare), ate, fledgy (rare), downy.
tremendous (now rare). 2. Referring to a dog: curly-haired.
Antonyms: see bold. feature, n. 1. lineament, point.
3. See TIMID, GREAT. 2. See face, characteristic.
feast, n. 1. See festival, meal. febrifuge, a. antifebrile, antipyretic.
2. Spec, banquet, regale (rare), junket fecal, f secal, a. dungy (chiefly spec), ster-
(often spec; U. S.), gaudy (Eng.), f6te coraceous (literary or tech.), excrementi-
(French), tuck-out (slang), barbecue, tious (literary or tech.).
brideale or bridale, Gregory (Anglo-Irish), fee, n. I. benefice, fief, feud, feudatory.
wine, potlatch, give-ale (hist.), infare (lo- 2. See ESTATE, pay, tip.
cal Eng.), hookey or hookey (dial. Eng.), 3. payment (contextual), allowance (cort-
symposium. textual); spec, portage, entrance, tuition,
feast, o. epulary (rare). toll, towage, ferriage, honorariimi, costs
feast, V. i. feed (inelegant; contextual), epi- (pi.), premium, procuration, retainer.

1^" Cross references: see Note. fay: fairy. feces: execrement.

favorite, a.: darliTig, pet. faze: disconcert.intimidate, worry. feckless: spiriUess. weak.
faTorltism: parlialUy. feal: constant. fecund: fruitful.
f arose: cellular. fearless: bold. fecundate: frutify.
fawn, n.: deer. feasance: doing. federal: cimfe^erate, united.
fawn, t: bear.
t). feasible: possible. federate: unite.
fawn, a.: brown. feat: elegant,
'
skUlful. feeble: weak, indistinct. [tive.
fawning, a.: obeequioua. febrUe: feeble-minded: irresolute, defeo-

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

178
 —

FENDER
teed, V. t. t. aliment (rare); spec, gorge, Antonyms: see raise.
nurture, meal (rare), grub (slang), mess, fellow, n. 1. See associate, equal, per-
fodder, forage, suckle, diet, breakfast, son.
dine, dinner (rare), lunch (colloq.), sup- 2. dog (playful, humorous, or contemptu-
per (coUop), graze, hay (rare), soil, corn ous), customer (colloq.; usually with
(rare), bait, water, pap. "queer," "u^ly," etc.), cove (slang and vul-
Antonifms: see famish. gar in U. S.), Jack (contemptuous). Gill
2. Spec, fuel (o stove or fire), fire (an en/- (slaTig), cull or cully (slang and contemptu-
gine), supply, gratify, nourish. ous), gaffer (rural Eng.), joker (slang),
teed, V. i. 1. Referring to the action as tak- Johnny or Johnnie (contemptuxrus orfamit-
ing place: eat. iar), cuss (in reproach, contempt, or humor-
8. Referring to an action as contemplated ously; slang and coUoq., U. S.), cuflin
or habitual: eat, fare, live (contextual); (thieves' cant), codger (disrespectful and
spec, subsist, board, meal, diet, gorge, chiefly vulgar), devil (colloq. or slang),
dine, breakfast, lunch, etc. "Feed" in this wight (now chiefly jocose), varlet (a Imv
sense is rare or slang. fellow; archaic), coistrel (in contempt; ar-
Antonyms: see famish. chaic), knave (a low fellcnv; archaic), chal
feeding, n. feed, cibation (obs. or rare), (Qipsy), wallah (Angh- Indian), shaver
eat (slang). (coUoq.).
feel, V. t. 1. See febceive. 3. don (Eng. universities), dean (in Ox-
2. examine, test, touch; spec, handle, fum- ford and Cambridge; British).
ble, palpate, sound, probe, thumb, finger. fellowship, n. Spec, brotherhood, com-
8. experience, entertain, make, taste, radeship, membership.
find, bear; spec, believe, discover. female, n. she (rare, exc. as attributive),
feel, V. i. I. See perceive, seem. petticoat (colloq. or humxrrous); spec.
2. Spec, grope, fumble. woman, girl, cow, hen, bitch, queen,
feeler, n. tactor (tech.); spec, palp, palpus, worker.
whisker, vibrissa, tentacle, antha, barbel, Antonyms: see male.
pedipalp. female, a. she (chiefly in combination),
feeling, n. I. sentience; spec, touch. feminine (usually spec); spec, pistillate.
2. experience; spec, sensation, perception, Antonyms: see male, manly.
consciousness, affection. feme- sole, n. Spec, widow, spinster; re-
3. The faculty or capacity: sensibility, ferring to a woman at the time unmarried.
emotionality, soul, feehngness, blood (fig.; femininity, n. femineity (rare), feminal-
human feelings); spec, heart strings (pi.), ity (rare), femality (rare and humorous),
demonstrativeness, unction, sympathy, muliebriety (rare), feminacy (rare), fem-
antipathy, csenesthesis. inineness, feminility (rare), feminity
Antonyms: see insensibility. (rare); womanliness (the word in ordinary
4. emotion, sentiment, affection; spec, fire u^e arid chiefly spec; "femininity" being the
(fig.), hate, hatred, hope, despair, sym- more formal word and also usually spec),
pathy, pathos, love, gladness, anger, pang, womanishness (usually derogatory).
pain, sorrow, joy, etc. Antonyms: see manliness.
Antonyms: see insensibility. fence, n. 1. See protection.
5. See attitude. 2. In fencing: guard; spec, parry.
feint, n. pretense; spec, artifice, stratagem, 3. inclosure, hay (archaic); spec barri-
expedient, trick. cade, stockade, paling, palisade, hoarding,
felicity, n. 1. See gladness, appropriate- counter, pale (archaic), barrier, palisa<u>
ness, GOOD, fortune, readiness. (rare), hedge, ha-ha, weir.
2. Referring to a speech, action, etc.: in- t. Asto stolen goods: receiver, look (cant).
spiration, hit, stroke, bull's-eye (colloq.). fence, v. i. guard (against); spec, parry,
feline, a. cattish, catty (colloq.), feliform evade.
(rare). fence, v. t. inclosure; spec, vrire, pale (rare),
fell, V. (. drop (especially with a blow or palisade, paUsado (rare), hedge (often
shot), down, floor, ground; spec, prostrate, with "in" or "about"), impale (chiefly litr
throw, grass (chiefly slang), sandbag, cut erary), picket.
(vnth "down"), hew (with "down"), saw fender, n. duffer; spec, pudding, pad, hurt-
(with "down"), etc. er, Scotchman, shield.
1^" Cross references: see Note. felicity: gladness, appropriateness. felon, a.: wicked, cruel.
feel, n.; touch. [emotional. feline, n.; cat. felon, n^: convict.
feeling, a.: sentient, affecting, fell, a.: fierce, cniel, harmful, pain- felony: crime.
telgn: imagine, pretend. asBume. fvX, deadly, destructive. feminine: female, woimnish.
felicitate: congratulate. fell, n.: skin, down. fen: marsh.
fellottoua: glad, appropriate. felly: rim. fend: repel, protect.

IS^ See Notes of Explanation.

179
 —

FENNY
ferment, n. 1. zyme (tech. or rare); spec. gaudy day (Eng.), gala day, jubilee, fes-
enzyme, diastase, pepsin, yeast, leaven tivity, harvest home, kirn (Scot.), hoolee
(now chiefly Bib.), barm. or hooli (East Indian), dusserah (Hindu),
2. See FBEMBNTATION, EXCITEMENT, AGI- hypapante, encsenia, panegyris or pane-
TATION, UPROAR, FRET. gyry, Panathenaea (pi.), Lupercalia (pi),
ferment, v. i. 1. work. Saturnalia (vl.), Vulcanalia (pi.), Bac-
2. Spec, fret, simmer. chanalia (pi.), Dionysia (pi.).
fermentation, n. 1. ferment, working; 2. See FESTIVITY.
spec zymosis (rare). festive, a. 1. convivial, festal, festivous
2. See EXCITEMENT. (rare), feastful (archaic); spec jolly, up-
fern, n. Spec, brake, osmund, bracken, roarious, carnival.
hart's-tongue, maidenhair. Antonyms: see mournful.
fern-shaped, a. filiciform (tech.), filicoid 2. As being fond of merriment; see gat.
(tech.), fernlike. festivity, n. 1. festiveness, conviviaUty,
ferny, a. bracky, braokeny. merrymaking.
ferocity, n. 1. See violence, ardor, im- 2. festival, merrymaking; spec, celebra-
petuosity. tion, rejoicing, revel.
2. unkindness, ferociousness, truculence, fetid, a. malodorous, foul, olid (rare), rank,
sayageness, savagery, dourness (Scot.), nidorous (rare), stinking, graveolent (liter-
grimness (literary); spec, vandalism, stern- ary; rhetorical, affected, or euphemistic);
ness, angriness, malignancy, pitilessness, spec, gamy, rancid.
murderousness, brutality. Antonyms: see fragrant.
Antonyms: see kindness, gentleness. fetish, n. fetich (a variant), charm; spec.
ferrule, n. band (contextual), ring, shoe, juju, medicine.
collet, virole (rare); spec,thimble, cap. feudatory, n. vassal, beneficiary; spec
ferrule, v. t. bind, shoe, cap, ring. prince, palatine.
ferry, n. bac (French); spec, ghaut or ghat fever, n. 1. heat, fire (fig.), pyrexia (rare);
(Anglo-Indian), pont (So. African). spec feveret, febricula, ague, typhus, ty-
ferry, v. t. transport (contextual); spec, row, phoid, dengue, hectic, remittent, calen-
sail, steam, pull. ture, intermittent, quintan, tertian, quo-
ferryman, n. waterman (contextual); spec. tidian, quartan.
Charon. 2. Referring to a feverish state: febricity
fertilize, v. i. 1. See fructify. (rare), feverishness, febrility (rare), fieri-
2. enrich, fat (rare or literary), fatten; ness.
spec, manure, compost, bone, warp 3. See DESIRE, ARDOR.
(Eng.), guano, salt, phosphate, nitrify. fevered, a. excited; spec angry.
fertilizer, n. dressing; spec, compost, feverish, a. 1. febrile, feverous (rare), fe-
marl, manure, dung, phosphate, bone- vered, pyretic (rare), pyrectic (rare), py-
dust, lime, guano. rexial (rare), pyrexic (rare), pyrexical
ferule, n. palmer (ohs. or rare); spec, rod, (rare), febricitant (rare), febricose (rare);
ruler. spec, febriculose (rare), inflamed, fiery.
fester, n. sore (contextual), ulcer, pustule. 2. See excited, ardent.
fester, v. i. ulcerate, rankle (literary), sup- few, a. sparse, small (vnth "number").
purate (tech.). Antonyms: see all, many, number-
festival, re. 1. carnival (properly spec), i&ssi less.
(chiefly spec), fiesta (Italian); spec, fite few, n. handful; a collective.
(French; on a large scale), fite champStre fewness, n. paucity (learned or formal),
(French), hightide (archaic or rare). Visi- scarcity, sparsity, sparseness.
tation, holiday (now usually called a "holy fiber, re. 1. filament; spec, staple, fibrile or
day"), Vinalia, Candlemas^ Christmas, strand, bast, sunn, oakum,
fibrilla, istle,
Xmas, Corpus Christi, punm
(Hebrew), henequen, hemp, jute, cotton, pina, rafia,
Bairam (Mohammedan), pardon (Roman ramie, pita, manila, coir.
Catholic Church or obs.), Easter, epiphany. 2. See TEXTURE.
tW Cross references; 3ee Note. festal: festive, holiday. ^
fetter, n.: shackle.
fenny: marshy. festoon, n.: wreath. fetter, v. t.: shackle, hamper.
(eodary: lassol festoon, V. t.: wreathe. fettle, V. t: groom.
feral: wild. fetch, V. t.: bring, captivate, fettle, n.: condition.
ferine: wild. draw, heave, deal, elicit. feud: fee.
ferocious: fierce. fetch: artifice. feud: quarrel.
feixet: drive. fetch: apparition. fevered: feverish, excited.
fertile: fruitful. fetching: effective. flanc6, flanc6e: bethrothed.
fervent: hot, ardent f§te, n.: entertainment, festival. fiasco: failure.
fervid; hot, ardent. fete, V. t.: entertain, feast, flat; bidding.
i

fervor: heat, ardor. fetich: fetish. fib: lie.

tS^ See Notes of Explanation.

18"

fiberlike, a. fibrous, fibriform (rare), fi-
brine (rare), fibry; spec, fibrilliform
fiction, n. .1. See imagination (the action).
2. The thing imagined: imagination, in-
vention, forgery, figment, fantasy, con-
coction, fabrication, story, fable, novel,
allegory, epic, assumption.
Antonyms: see actuality.
fictitious, a. Spec, mythical, dummy, in-
vented, imaginary, assumed, fabled, fabu-
lous, artificial; spec, paper.
Antonyms: see actual.
fiddle, play spec. bow. Curiously,
V. i. 1. ; fight, V. t. 1. encounter, combat (now chief-
though fiddle as a verb has no equivalent ex-
cept the general term "play," the verb "fidr
die," as well as the noun, is now rather con-
temptuous or familiar.
2. ISee POTTER, FIDGET,
fidget, V. i. fidge; spec, fiddle, twiddle.
field, n. 1. Spec, clearing, glebe (poetic or
eccl.),paddock (chiefly dial. Eng.; in Aus-
tralia not spec), croft (British), meadow,
patch.
2. See COMPETITOR, EXTENT, EXPANSE,
SPHERE.
8. battlefield; spec, plain (chiefly poetic),
Armageddon (.^17.).
fiend, n. See demon, monster.
1.
2. demon(of cruelty), shaitan (cnlloq.),
brute, hellhound, cat (esp. of a woman),
wolf, tiger; see monster.
fierce, a. 1. See violent, ardent,
ous.
2. unkind ferocious; spec,
(contextual),
glaring, dragonish, truculent, catawam-
pous U. S.), fell (chiefly po-
(slang, chiefly
etic),savage, Vandalio (hist.), breme (06s.
or poetic),dour (Scot.), grim, cruel, stern,
angry, malignant, pitiless, merciless, mur-
derous, inhuman, tigerish, wolfish.
Antonyms: see kind, gentle.
fiery, a. 1. hot, igneous (literary or tech.),
red (fig.), empyreal or empyrean
spec, flaming, lurid.
2. See ARDENT, impetuous, feverish,
irritable, angry.
fight, n. 1. contention (contextual), con-
test (contextual), encounter, rencounter
(rare), conflict (formal), combat (prima-
rily spec), affair (contextual); spec cuff
(rare), bicker (now chiefly Scot.), bustle
(archaic), brawl, battle, affray, fray,
mfil^e (French), mellay (archaic), ruffle,
engagement, action, quarrel, sciamachy,
di^adiation (rQ,re), duomachy (rare), pell-
mell (rare), duel, brush, theomachy, tour-
FIGUREHEAD
nejr, just or joust, tilt, spar, scrap (coUoq.),
scrimmage, naumachia, skirmish.
2. See CONTENTION, CONTEST.
8. pugnacity, pluck, game (rare).
fight, V. i. 1. contend, conflict (rare), com-
bat, battle, warfare (rare); spec, ruffle
(archaic), camp (06a. or dial.), war, battle,
scuffle, box, spar, strike, tilt, just or joust,
bicker, brawl, duel, militate, crab, claw,
scratch, buffet, skirmish, strive, fistify
(nonce word).
2. See CONTEND.
ly fig.), engage; spec buffet (chiefly fig.),
war (rare), worry.
2. Cause to flght: pit, match.
3. See OPPOSE.
fighter, n. combatant, contestant, cham-
pion (archaic, rare, or spec), contender
(contextual), combater (rare); spec, bat-
tler, warrior, militant (rare), duelist, du-
eler (rare), slasher, tilter, juster, jouster,
guerilla, gladiator, skirmisher, pugilist,
boxer, sparrer, cuffer, pancratiast.
Antonyms: see pacifist.
fighting, a. Spec combatant, mihtant,
belligerent, pugilistic, skirmishing, box-
ing, etc
fighting, n. contention (contextual); spec.
combating, warring, duel (urith "the"),
duello (Italian), fisticuffs (pi.).
impetu- figlike, a. ficoid (tech.), caricous (rare),
ficiform (tech.).
flgural, a. Spec graphic, diagrammatic.
figurative, n. 1. descriptive; spec, sym-
bolic.
2. Rhet.: metaphorical, figured (rare or
spec); spec, allegorical, fabular.
3. See FLORID (of speech), ornate (in
art).
figure, n. 1. character (contextual), num-
ber, digit; spac. cipher, one, two, etc
(fig.); 2. See form, person, symbol.
3. Referring to the thing having a partiew-
lar form: shape; spec ima^e, effigy, de-
sign, diagram, sculpture, cylinder, square,
bail, triangle, ellipse, ovoid, oval, parab-
ola, diamond, parallelogram, rhombus,
ghost, sector (geom.), carving, casting,
molding, etc.
4. In dancing: evolution; spec, entrechat
(French), quadrille.
5. In rhetoric: image, trope, ecbasis (rare);
spec, metaphor, similitude, simile, me-
tonymy, irony, litotes, diasyrm, aporia,
diaporesis, hendiadys, etc.

X^ Cross references: see Note. fiducial: trustful, confidential. figment: fiction.

fictile: plaatic. fiduciary: confidential. figure, V. t.: depict, ddineate, de-
fiddle, n.: violiri. flef : fee. scribe, ornament, compute, aym-
fiddle-faddle, n.: trifle, trifling. fiendish: devilish, cruel. bolize.
fiddler: violinist. [accuracy. fieriness: ardor, heat, fever, iras- figure,V. i.: appear, compute,
fidelity: constancy, truth/ulnesB, cibility. figured: ornamented.
fidgety: uneasy. fig: trifle. figurehead: dummy.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

13 181
 —
FILAMENT
filament, n. {contextual); spec.
fiber tremityj spec, decisiveness, eventuality,
thread, film, strand, cirrus, barbel, gossa- conclusiveness.
mer, hair, threadlet, cobweb, harl, wire. finances, n. pi. circumstances {contextual),
filamentous, o. filamentary; spec, thread- affairs {contextual).
Uke, fibrous, stringy, filar, thready, hair- financial, a. fiscal {chiefly U. S. & spec);
like, filiform {tech.), capillary, fibrillose, spec, bursal.
filose, cirrous {tech.). financier, n. Spec, investor, lender, cam-
file, V. t. Spec, record, lodge, pigeonhole, bist, capitalist.
thread, string. fine, n. punishment {contextual), penalty,
filibuster, n. obstructionist. mulct, amercement, assessment, forfeit
filigree, n. wirework. {often spec); spec, geld, wite, bloodwite,
filing, n. abrasion {ccmtextual); spec, lima- wergild.
tion {fig.; rare). fine, V. t. penalize {contextual), amerce,
filings, n. pi. limail {tech.). mulct, sconce {Oxford University); spec. log.
fill, V. t. 1. Spec, inject {chiefly used with fine, a. 1. refined, clear, pure. See pure.
"with"), stuff, cram, pack, line, congest, 2. admirable, brave {literary)/ choice, su-
crowd, crown, overflow, fulfil {archaic), perior, handsome; spec, glorious, grand,
infill {rare), brimful, brim, bumper, re- imposing, delicate, nice, subtle, nifty
plenish, chink {colloq., U. S.), saturate, {slang; U. S.), divine, heavenly, superfine
suffuse, plug, stop, charge. (an intensive), fancy, splendiferous {col-
Antonyms: see deplete, drain, empty, loq.), bully {slang; U. S., and Eng. col-
EVACUATE. leges), dandy {slang or colloq.), nobby
2. See DISTEND, PERVADE. {colloq., slang, or cant), finical, surpass-
3. trim (a sail). ing, magnificent, superb, transcendent,
4. Referring to orders, commissions, etc.: spanking rum {cant), crack
{colloq.),
execute, discharge, do, perform. {slang or colloq.) recherche {French). As
,

fillet, n. 1. band {contextiuil); spec, {for the slang or colloq. intensives: adorable, tear-
hair) bandeau, vitta {literary), snood, ing, ripping, splendid, rattling, stunning,
sphenodome, infula {Roman antiq.). elegant, great, boss, smashing, tearing,
2. In architecture: spec, orlo, taenia, plat- bouncing, etc
band, stria. Antonyms: see bad, inperioh.
filling, n. Spec, packing, replenishment, 8. See small, slender, sensittvb, nice,
repletion, fill, charge, stuJEng. FASTIDIOUS, EXACT, CLEAR.
film, n. skin (contextual); spec, membrane, fine, interj. bravo Many of the words under
!

nebula, scale, veil, pellicle, scum, lamina, "fine" and "excellent" are more or less used
gauze, cloud. as interjections in corresponding senses.
filmy, a. Spec, clouded, flimsy, cloudy, fineness, a. excellent, delicacy, superiority,
fine-spun, gauzy, pellicular. subtlety, sub till ty {now rare) etc. Cf. fine.
,

filter, V. t. &
i. 1. strain, filtrate, percolate fine one. crack {colloq.), rattler {slang),
{usually spec). screamer {slang), clipper {slang), bouncer
2. /See EXUDE. {colloq.), dandy (colloq.).
filth, n. 1. dirt, sordes {tech.), sordor {rare), f^" An almost innumerable number of
vileness, foulness, obscenity {literary), words meaning primarily something noisy,
filthiness, ordure {archaic), nastiness. big, or the like, are used as slang or collo-
2. See DIRTINESS, CORRUPTION. quial terms to express the idea of something
filthy, a. 1. dirty, foul, nasty, sordid {liter- fine.
ary), obscene {literary), vile; spec, impure, finery, n. ornament; spec, frippery, gaud-
mucky, dungy, hoggish. ery (rare), gewgawry (rare), gimcraokery.
2. See INDECENT. finger, n. 1. digit (chiefly techT), mudhooks
fin, n. 1. flipper, pinna {zool.); spec. sail. {pi.; slang); spec, minimus, index, pointer,
2. See FEATHER {in mechanics). fingerlet.
final, a. end {the noun used attributively), 2. technique; in mu^c.
last, terminal, latest, ultimate, extreme; 3. See POINTER.
spec, eventual, conclusive, decisive, un- finial, n. In architecture: ornament (eon-
appealable. textval), terminal; spec. crop.
finality, n. terminality, ultimateness, ex- finish, V. i. 1. See end, dress, kill.
B^= Cross references: see Note. filly: colt. finesse: art, artifice.
flloh: steal. filtrate: filter. finger, v. t.: handle, stt
fllchet: thief. fine, V. t.: purify. finger, v. i.: play, toy.
file, n.: list, line. flnedraw: sew. attenuate. finical: fastidious.
file, n. & v.: march. fine-grained: smooth, finicking: fastidious.
filibuster, v. i.: delay. fine-spun: attenuated, slender, finis: end, deaih.
fllifoTin: fHamenttms. subtle, filmy. finisb, V. i.: end.

l^' See Notes of Explanation.

182
 —— .

FISSURE
9. accomplish, crown, complete, con- brace, jack (U. S.), nail, bolt, screw,
summate, fulfill, do, execute, round (esp. etc.
imlh "ovi"). Antonyms: see weaken.
Antonyms: see begin. 2. See ESTABLISH.
finish, V. i. 1. conclude, end; in the sense firm, n. association, concern, house; spec,
o/ "to have done." partnership, corporation, company.
2. See END, DIE. firmness, n. 1. Spec, fixedness, courage.
finish, n. 1. See end, death, perfection, 2. constancy, unyieldingness, backbone
ELEGANCE. (colloq.).
2.surface {contextual); spec, dress. S. stabiUty, soUdity, steadiness, stout-
finished, a. 1. done, accomplished, over (in ness, stanchness, strength, stiffness,
predicative use; colloq.), complete, round- tightness, consistency, security, fastness,
ed, round. solidness; spec, coherence.
Antonyms: see incomplete, unfinished. Antonyms: see instability.
2. perfect; spec, fine, elegant. first, o. 1. Referring to time or order: earli-
Antonyms: see unfinished. est, premier (rare), erst (obs.); spec, pri-
finishing, n. Spec, end, conclusion, ter- marjf, primal, prime^ pristine, eldest,
mination, completion, etc. aboriginal, maiden, original.
finite, a. definaole, Umited, terminable. Antonyms: see last, final.
Antonyms: see infinite. 2. foremost, front, head.
finlteness, n. limitedness, limitation, fini- 8. See CHIEF.
tude, finity (rare). first, adv. firstly (avoided by some), im-
fin-shaped, a. pinniform (tech.), finny. primis (Latin), erst (archaic and literary);
fire, n. 1. Spec, flame, coal, blaze, con- spec, formerly.
flagration, beacon, bale (archaic), bale- first-class, a. excellent, prime, scrump-
fire, ingle, bonfire, smudge, needfire, tious (U. S.; colloq.), palmary (rare), pal-
spark, smother. marian (rare).
2. See BUBNINO, FEVER, ARDOR. Antonyms: see inferior.
fire, V, t. 1. See ignite, heat, eject, fish, n. fin (fig.); spec, fishlet, fishing, fry
EXPEL, excite, enliven. (collective pi.).
2. discharge, explode; spec. play. fish, a. piscine (learned or tech.), ichthyic
firearm, n. piece, gun (eoUoq., exc. as (rare).
spec), popgun (contemptuous); spec, pis- fish, V. i. 1. Spec, angle, bob, dap, dib,
tol, revolver, rifle, mitrailleuse (French), dibble, torch, flyfish, troll, gig, guddle
Martini, musket, iezail, bulldog, es- (Scot.), grig, drive, shrimp, spoon, whiff,
copette (U. S.), fusil (obs. or hist.), fusee spin.
(obs. or hist.), galloper, harquebus, gin- 2. See SEEK.
gall, jingaU, culverin, hackbut, hagbut, fisher, n. fisherman, piscator (learned, often
chassepot (French), carbine, carabine, pedantic), piscatorian (rare), piscatorial-
cannon, gun, petronel, saket, falconet. ist (rare); spec, angler, peterman (local
fireman, n. Spec, stoker. Eng.), wormer (coUoq.), jacker, dibber,
fireplace, n. hearth, fireside, grate (fig.); drifter, trawler, trapper.
spec, range, hob, cupola, cockle, tisar. fishery, o. 1. piscary (tech.).
firework, n. 1. pyrotechnic; both usually 2. See FISHING.
in pi. fishhook, n. angle (literary or rare); spec.
2.Spec, squib, girandola, rocket, pin- sockdolger (slang, U. S.), limerick, car-
wheel, petard, bomb, serpent, saucisson Usle, sproat, kirby, etc.
(French), jack-in-the-box, maroon, flower- fishing, n. piscatory (learned), piscatorial
pot, fizgig, wheel, jet, gerbe. (learned), haJieutic (rare).
firm, a. 1. See fixed, constant, courage- fishing, n. fishery, piscation (rare), halieu-
ous. tics (the art; rare)
coherent, consistent, con-
2. stable, solid, fishlike, a. fishy, ichthyomorphic (learned
sistency, steady, stout, stanch, strong, or tech.), ichthyoid (learned or tech.), pisci-
stiff, ti^ht, secure, fast; spec, hard, form (learned or tech.).
braced, tied, inflexible, nailed, bolted, etc. flshline, n. line (contextual); spec, drail,
Antonyms: see shaky, tottering, weak, boulter, bultow, greatline, gimp, spiUer,
UNSTEADY, RICKETY, LOOSE. whiffing.
firm, V. t. 1. steady, stabUize, stabilify fishpond, n. piscina (rare).
(rare), soUdate (rare); spec, consolidate, flshway, n. zigzag.
t3ff' Cross references: see Note. first-rate, a.: fine. flssility: cleavage.
finisher: sealer. fiscal; financial. fissure, n.: criack. cieft.
flrmament; heaven. fissile: cleavt^le. flssaxe, V. t.: cleave, split.

fW See Notes ot Explanation.

183
 FIST
fist, n. hand {contexluaJ), nieve or nief
1. 2. constant; spec, intransformable, in-
{archaic), duke {slang), daddle {dial.). eradicable, concentrated, unchangeable,
2. See CLUTCH, handwriting. settled, unchanging, definite, certain, un-
flt> n. 1. sit, set (6?/ raorei/ condemned as not shakable, upset, steadfast.
in good usage); spec, hang, drape. Antonyms: see changeable, convert-
2. See PBBPAEATION. ible.
fit, V. t. 1. See BECOME, PBEPAKE, QUAIilFSr. fixture, n. attachment, fittings {pi.),
2. adapt; spec, adjust, justify, dovetail, equipment.
fay {U. S. or shipbuilding), joint, concin- flaccid, a. limp, baggy, soft {contextual).
nate {rare). flag, n. layer {contextual), flagstone, flag-
fit, V. i. 1. sit, set (by many condemned as ging {collective sing.), slab.
not in good usage); spec. hang. flag, n. 1. bunting {collective sing.); spec.
2. See striT. streamer, pennon, pendant, pennant, col-
fit, n. 1. Referring to a disorder: access ors {pi.), bluepeter, banderole, bandrol,
{tech. or literary), attack, qualm, lunes burgee, brattach {Gaelic), raven, jack,
{pi.; archaic), paroxysm; spec, touch, out- union, fanion, guidon, Dannebrog, tri-
break. color {French).
2. Referring to a nervous upset: spec, pet, 2. See TAIL. ^

heat, tantrums {pi.), freaks {pi.), fury, flagon, n. stoup, gun {slang, Eng.).
fume, passion, huff, gale {U. S.), spell, flagrancy, n. grossness, outrageousness,
convulsion, spasm, turn. etc.; spec, notoriety.
five, n. things grouped; with "a" or flagrant, a. 1. See flaming.
Of fixe
"an": quinary {rare), quintuple
spec, 2. gross, glaring, grievous {archaic), mon-
{rare), quintuplet, quintet, quintette, strous, outrageous; spec, violent, shame-
pentad, quincunx, cinque. ful, notorious, wicked, scandalous.
five-angled, a. pentangular, pentagonal; Antonyms: see excusable, unimpor-
— both learned or tech. tant.
fivefold, V. t. quintuple, quintupUcate flame, n. 1. blaze, light, flare, low {chiefly
{rare). Scot.); spec, flake, flamelet.
fix, V. fasten, immobilize {rare), plant,
t. 1. 2. See ARDOR, sv^etheaht.
firm; spec, lock, root, bind, stay, cement, flame, v. i. 1. burn {contextual), blaze.
ship, nail, screw, congeal, freeze, clinch 2. jSeeBURN {with zeal), shine.
{"clench" is now rare in this sense), tie, flaming, a. 1. blazing; spec, flaring.
bind, etc. 2. bright {contextual), flaring, lambent,
Antonyms: see dislodge, displace. blazing.
2. See ESTABLISH, place, adjust. flange, n. flanoh (rore), rib, rim; spec.
3. decide, seal, nettle; spec, appoint, de- feather, collet.
fine, harden. flank, V. t. 1. border; spec. wing.
Antonyms: see change, convert, alter. 2. See ATTACK.
4. Spec, {in figurative or transferred uses) flap, n. 1. Spec, lap, lappet, leaf, lug, lapel,
set, corroborate, enchain, rivet, nail, con- fly, tab, tuck, apron.
firm, implant, fossilize, grave or engrave, 2. beat {contextual), stroke {contextual),
impress, imprint, number, concentrate, flaff {chiefly Scot.); spec, flutter, slat, flop.
absorb, settle, harden. flap, V. t. & i. beat {contextual), strike {con-
fis, V. i. set {which see) spec, harden.
;
textual), flaff {chiefly Scot.); spec, flutter,
fixation, n. Spec, congelation, implanta- slat, flop, bate, winnow.
tion, fixture {rare), immobilization, es- flapper, n. Spec, flytrap, chowry {India),
tablishment. whisk, swingle.
Antonyms: see displacement. flare, V. t. 1. iSee display.
fixed, a. 1. firm, set, secure, fast, immov- 2. spread; spec. bell.
able {rare), immobile; spec, certain {as in flaring, a. 1. See flaming.
"a day certain"), sessile, irremovable, sta- 2. spreading; spec, funnel-shaped, in-
tionary, inerratic, etc. Cf. fix, v. t. fundibuliform, bell-mouthed.
Antonyms: see changeable, portable, flash, V. i. blaze {contextual), burst {as
PROTRUSILE. "out" "into flame," etc.), fulgurate (JMer-
^^ Cross references: see Note. fizzle, V. i.: hiss, burn, fail. fiake, n,; rack.
fit, a.: appropriate, becoming, fizzle, n.: hiss, failure. flake, n.: hurdle, scale, lamina,
qualified, prepared, fjord; arm. flame.
fitful; intermittent. flabbergast; confuse. fiake, V. i.: scale.
fitting, a.: appropriate, becom- flagellate, a.: whip-shaped. flaky; cleavable, laminate.
ing. flagellate, v, t.: whip. flam: deceive.
fitting, n.: equipment, fiaggy; cleavable. flambeau; torch.
fizz, 0, i. : hies. flagitious: wicked. flamboyant; wavy, bright.
fizz, n..* hiss, energy. flaU, V. t.: beat. flank, 71.: side.

t3°J Notes of Explanation.

184
 . — —

FLEXIBILITY
ary; rare, exe. fig.); spec, gleam, blink, sugar (Jig.), soap (slang; fig.), soft soap
fulminate, flicker, bicker, glimpse {ar- (slang; fig.), honey (fi^.), soft sawder
chaic), glimmer, shimmer, glisten, glance, (fig.; slang, U. S.), blarney; see cajolery.
scintillate, sparkle, comiscate, glint, Antonyms: see insult, abuse.
twinkle. flat-topped, a. tabular (formal or learned).
flash, n. blaze (contextual); spec, flicker, flatulent, a. windy, gassy, ventose
flaught (chiefly Scot.), burst, ful^ation (learned).
(literary; rare, exc. fi.g.),gleam, blmk, ful- flavor, n. 1. See smell, taste.
mination, bicker, glimpse, glimmer, 2. admixture (contextual); spec, dash, lac-
shimmer, glisten, glance, spark, scintilla- ing, lace, seasoning.
tion, corruscation, sparkle, glint, flip flavor, V. t. taste (rare); spec, spice, be-
(rare), twinkle. spice (intensive), curry, lace, pepper, salt,
flashing, n. bright (contextual), blazing saffron (rare), lemon, ginger, omon, sea-
(contextual), fulguration (rare or fig.), son, dash.
glistening, glittering, etc. flavoring, n. Spec, seasoning, relish, zest,
flashy, a. snowy, brilliant. Bowery (fi^.), spice, salt, condiment, pepper, etc.
loud. flaw, n. I. crack; spec, brack, feather, wind
flask- shaped, a. lageniform (tech. or rare). shake, honeycomb.
flat, a. I. plane (more technical), plain (an 2. See FAULT.
unusual spelling), level; spec, flattish, flea, a. pulicine (learned).
complanate, homaloid. fleay, o. pulicous, pulicose; both tech. or
Antonyms: see tjneven, hillt. learned.
2. See HORIZONTAL, tTNIFORM, MONOTO- flee, V. i. depart (contextual); spec, run,
NOUS, DULL, BLUNT, DIRECT. slope (slang), skedaddle (colloq.; orig.
flat, adv. 1. See absolutely, exactly. U. S.), fly (now the more common term;
2. flatly (rare), flatling (literary); spec. "flee" being rhetorical or archaic).
horizontaUy, lengthwise, flatways, flat- Antonyms: see stay.
wise, broadside, etc. flee, V. t. avoid (conteoctu/d), run (rare), fly.
flat-footed, a. In zool.: plantigrade (tech.). fleece, n. 1. toison (rare or literary).
flatten, v. t. flat (rare or spec); spec. 2. See wool.
smooth, level, lower, fell, depress, abate fleece, v. t. cheat, pluck (colloq. or fig.),
(of wind), squash, squelch, strike. shave (colloq.), plunder, sweat (slang or
flattened, a. Spec, deplanate (tech.), com- cant); spec, taleed (coUoq.; fig.), skin (col-
pressed, flatted, oblatie. loq.; fig), strip, flay (fi^).
flatter, v. t. 1. Spec, adulate (learned), fleet, n. Spec, division (contextual), ar-
compliment, gloze (rare), butter (fi^.), mada, caravan, convoy, flotilla, marine,
beflatter (intensive), blarney, beslobber navy (poetic or rhet., exc. spec).
(intensive), blandish. Smooth, soft-soap flesh, n. 1. muscle, beef (spec, or coUoq.);
(colloq.; fig.), slaver (fi^.), oil (fig.); see spec brawn, carrion, game.
CAJOLE. Antonyms: see skin.
Antonyms: see insult, abuse, discredit. 2. Referring to fruit: pulp, meat; spec.
2. Reflectively:congratulate. sarcocarp.
flatterer, n. adulator (learned), pickthank 3. See MEAT, kindred.
(archaic), proneur (French), flattercap flesh, a. creatic (tech.; rare); spec, fleshy,
(rare or dial.), Damocles (fi^.). fleshly.
flattering, a. 1. adulating (learned), but- flesh- eating, a. carnivorous.
tery (colloq.; silken (jig.), silky (fi.g.), flesh- eating, n. Spec, hippophagy, hip-
fl^.),
sweet, candied (fi^.), fair, pickthank pophagism; both formal or tech.
(archaic). fleshlike, a. Spec, sarcoid (tech.).
Antonyms: see abusive. fleshy, a. 1. See pat, bodily.
2. See promising, auspicious. 2. sarcous (tech.), carnose (rare), car-
flattery, n. Spec, adulation (learned), lip- nous (rare), carneous (rare), meaty (rare
salve C^.), gloze, blandiloquence (rare), or spec.)
flamm (eanV), daub (dial.), flummery 3. Referring to roots: carnose (rare), pulp-
slaver C^.), taffy (slang, U. S.),
(fig.), ous (rare), pulpy.
sugar plum (fig.; an instance of flattery). flexibility, n. flexility (rare), pliability,

fW Cross references: see Note. fleabltten: spotted. fleet, V. i.: glide, hasten, speed,
flashy: showy. fleck, t), t.: spot, streak, speckle, vanish.
flaunt: disclose, wave. freckle, dot. fleet, a.: rapid, transitory.
flaunty: showy, boastful. fledge: feather. fleeting: transitory.
flaw, «. t.: crack. fleecy: fluffy. fletch, v.t.: feather.
flaw, n.: wind. fleeing: fugitive. flews: chop.
flay, p. (.; skin, criticize. fleer: smile, jeer. flex, V. t.: bend.

f^" See Notes of Explanation.

185
 . —

FLEXIBLE
pliantness, pliancy; spec, suppleness, flirtation, n. Spec, coquetry, flirting, dal-
utheness, limberness, withiness, willowi- liance, wantonness, philandering.
ness, lissomeness. flirtatious, a. flirtish (rare), flirty (rare);
flexible, a. 1. flexile (chiefly tech.), bend- spec, coquettish, coquet.
able, pUable, pliant; spec, supple, lithe, flit, V. i. 1. hasten, dart.

limber, withy, willowy, lissom (poetic), 2. See depart.

buxom (archaic and poetic), limp. 3. fly, flutter, flicker, twinkle, skit.
Antonyms: see stiff, brittle, rigid. float, V. i. I. buoy (rare, exc. spec.); spec.
2. See ADAPTABLE. live, swim, ride, waft, drift (contexttial),
flicker,v. i. 1. See flutter, move. drive, tide.
2. flame (contextual), flutter, waver, 2. Referring to objects poised in the air, in
glimmer (kss suggestive of dying out than water, etc.: buoy, hang; spec, swim, trail,
the other words), blink. stream, watch (ofahuay), fluff, waft, fly.

flicker, n. 1. See flutter, motion. Antonyms: see sink.

2. flame (contextual), flutter, waver, wav- 3. See GLIDE.
ering, glimmer, blink. float, V. t. 1. support (contextual), buoy;
flickering, a. flaming (contextual), inter- spec, swim, launch, flash, flush, waft.
mittent (contextual), fluttering, wavery Antonyms: see sink.
(rare), wavy, glimmering. 2. See OVERFLOW.
flight, n. departure (contextual), fleeing; float, n. 1. floatage, floater; spec, raft,
spec, sauve qui peut (French), stampede, catamaran, swimmer, camel, buoy, out-
rout, scurry, helter-skelter, scamper, de- rigger.
bacle, hegira or hejira, regifuge (rare). 2. In fishing: dobber (JLocal, U. S.); spec.
flight, n. I. flying, volation (rare), fly, vo- cork, quill, darby.
lition (rare), wing, volatility (the power of 3. Of a wagon unth display, inits a proces-
flight; rare); spec, soaring, soar, mounting, sion: pageant (archaic or hist.).
flit,flutter, hover, ghde. floating, a. 1. afloat, natant (tech. or rare),
2. See FLOCK, arrow. superfluitant (rare), supernatant (rare),
S. Referring to utterance of wit, venting of swimming.
tears, etc.: spec, sally, burst, strain, 2. See WANDERING,
stretch. 3. unfunded; spec, variable; referring to
4. Referring to motion of missiles, falling a debt, etc.
leaves, etc.: spec, rain, shower, storm, flocculent, a. gossypine (rare), cottony
flutter. (chiefly spec), flocky (rare), floccose,
5. Referring to steps: pair, gradatory (rare); woolly (primarily spec.)
spec, ghaut or ghat (Anglo-Indian). flock, n. 1. See company, multitude,
flighty, a. 1. volatile, barmy (rare or liter- GROUP.
ary), giggish (rare), shuttle-witted (ar- 2. Referring to a group of gregarious ani-
chaic; fig^, bird-witted (fig.). mals: plump (archaic, or dial. Eng.); spec.
2. See deranged. troop, herd, pack, drove, swarm, shoal or
flimsy, a. unsubstantial, slight, thin (con- school, bevy, covey, team, wing, flight,
textual), frail; spec, filmy, sleazy, sleezy, fling (Brit.), game, kit (cant), gaggle, loft.
paper, papery, gossamer, gossamery, All the terms are secondarily applied to hur
jerry-built. man beings, with implications of respect,
Antonyms: see firm, strong. fear, contempt, etc., implied by the literal
flipper, n. Umb
(contextual), pinna (tech.), senses, as "bevy" to maidens and ladies,
flapper (rare); spec. wing. "herd" to a rabble of persons, etc.
flirt, V. i. 1. See move, dart. flock, V. i. congregate; spec, school, herd,
2. Spec, coquet, gallant, philander (u^ed swarm, shoal.
of the male; with "with"), dally, play, flock, n. clump (contextual); spec, lock,
wanton. flake, tuft, dag, floccule, flocculus.
flirt, n. 1. See throw, jerk, movement, flock, V. i. gather (contextual); spec. tuft.
dart. floe, n. Spec, field, sheet, pan, cake, flake.
2. Spec, coquet (male or female), co- flogging, a. plagose (humorous).
quette (ferruAe), wanton; spec, philander- flood, n. 1. Spec, deluge, Niagara (fig.),
er (male).- wave, rage, flush, inundation, confluence.
t^^ Cross references: see Note. flightless: wingless. flippant : frivolous.
flexion, n.: hend. flimflam, n.: deception. flirt, V. ^: throw, dart.
flezuouB: sinuous, wavy. flimflam, v. t.:deceive. flite, V. i.& n.: dispute.
flexure, n.: bend. flinch: shrink. flite, V. t.: abuse.
flick, V. t,: whip, snap. fllnder: splinter. floaty: buoyant.
flick, D. i,: flutter. fling, V. i.; flounce. flog, V. t: beat, lash.
flick, n.: stroke, snap. flip: throw, snap. flood, V. t; overflow.

(^^ See Notes of Explanation.

186
 —
FLURRY
cataclysm, tide, debacle, torrent, freshet flow, n. 1. run (rare or spec.); spec, tide,
or (less ustud) fresh, overflow, waterfall, stream, dribble, pour, drain, trickle, gush,
cloudburst, countertide, spate (chiefly geyser, rush, flowage, determination, cur-
Scot.), downpour, water (contextual), rent, flash, flood, fluxion (rare, exc. med.),
bore, eagre. flux (rare, exc. med. or fig.), flush, drib-
2. See FLOW, ABUNDANCE, EXCESS. bling, streaming, bore, wave, guggle, dis-
flood, a. diluvial or diluvian (chiefly spec.); charge, tide, ripple, defluence (rare), de-
spec, cataclysmic or cataclysmal (tech. or fluxion, catarrh.
learned). 2. Spec, passage, glide, issue, emanation,
floodgate, n. Spec, stanch, weir, penstock. blow, abundance, rise.
floor, n. 1. bottom (contextual), flooring; flower, n. 1. blossom, bloom, blowth
spec, pavement, parquet, stage, deck, (rare), blow
(rare); spec, floweret, flos-
contignation (rare or oha.). cule, flowerage (collective), floret, inflores-
2. See STORY. cence (collective; tech.), drop.
floor, V. t. 1. cover (contextual), lay; spec. 2. In pi.: bloom
(a collective).
deck, plank, pave. 3. Referring to the state: see bloom.
2. See PELL. 4. See BEST, essence, £lite.
floorcloth, n. covering (contextvM); spec. flower, V. i. 1. blossom, bloom, effloresce
carpet, linoleum, oilcloth, rug, etc. (rare); spec, emblossom, tassel (chiefly
florid, a. 1. flowery, ornate, embellished; U. S.).
spec, rococo, figurative, figured, luxuriant. 2. See DEVELOP.
Antonyms: see pbosaic. flowery, o. 1. bloomy, blossomy, flowerful
2. See RED, BED-FACED. (rare), florulent (chiefly in decorative art);
flotation, n. floatage; spec, supernatation. spec, floscular (rare), flosculous (rare,
flounce, V. i. &
n. 1. Spec, flounder, fling, florigerous (rare).
throw, whop, flop, struggle, tumble, 2. See FLORID.
fling, toss, plunge, blunder, slosh, twitch, flowing, a. 1. running, current (now rare),
plouter (chiefly Scot.). fluent (rare and fig., exc. spec); spec.
2. See RUSH, JERK. quick (rare), dribbling, gushing, flux-
flounce, n. & v. t. furbelow. ional, living (Biblical v^age), decursive
flour, n. powder
(contextvul) , meal (now (rare), confluent, decurrent (rare), de-
chiefly spec);
spec, sujee or suji (East fluent (rare), refluent, interfluent (rare),
India), tapioca, farina, cones (cant). influent, profluent (rare), excurrent (chief-
flourish, V. t. swing (contextual), upsway ly tech.), scaturient (rare), circumfluent
(rare); spec, brandish, wave, whisk, sweep, or circumfluous.
flaunt, shake. AntonyTns: see stagnant, motionless,
flourish, n. 1. See show. STILL.
2. swing (contextual); spec, shake, bran- 2. See ABUNDANT.
dish, brandishment, wave, whisk, sweep, flue, n. duct (contextual); spec, chimney,
flaunt. tunnel.
S. Referring to leriting, etc.: stroke, quirk; fluent, a. i. See plowing.
spec, paraph. 2. Referring to speech, expression, etc.:
4. In music: floriation (rare); spec, ca- ready, facile, flowing, easy, voluble; spec.
denza, fanfare or fanfarade, tantara, tar- glib.
antara, blast, tantivy. Antonyms: see dumb.
flow, V. i. 1. run; spec, stream, spew, spring, fluS, n. down, fuzz, floss; spec, flue, lint.
gutter, dribble, pour, purl, gurgle, drain, flufly, o. downy, fuzzy; spec, fleecy, cot-
draw, flush, trickle, gush, rush, ripple, tony, linty, woolly.
flood, tide, regorge (rare), reflow (rare), fluid, a. 1. rimning, fluent (rare), fluxible
outflow, effuse, extravasate, well (v^ed (archaic); spec gaseous, liquid.
with "out" or "up"), inflow (rare), in- Anionyms: see solid.
flood, interflow, bleed, discharge, roll, 2. See UNSTABLE.
glide, geyser. fluid, 71. Spec. Uquid, gas, aura, humor
2. See PASS, ao, glide, issue, emanate, (archaic).
ARISE, wave, rise. fluidity, V. t. Spec, gasify, liquefy.
5. abound, run; aa with gold, milk and flurry, n. 1. excitement, agitation, bustle,
honey, etc. fluster, confusion.

fS' Cross references: see Note. flown: gone. flattery.

flooded: afloat. fluctuate: vary, waver, swing. flunk, V. i.: faU.
flossy: silky, downy. flue: fluff. flunk, n.; failure.
flourishing: prosperous. Ittxuri- fluke: arm, lohe. flunkey: manservant, footman.
aTii. flume: channel. fluorescent: luminescent.
flow, V. t. & n.: throw. flummery: nonsense, porridge. flurry, v.t.: bustle.

IS' See Notes of Explanation.

187
 — —

FLURRY
2. See RAIN, SNOW, WIND. 2. /See AVIATOR.
flurry, v. t. excite, agitate, confuse. flying, n. 1. volation {rare), volitation
flush, V. i. 1. See flow. {rare), flight.
2. redden {contextual), mantle {of the 2. See AVIATION.
cheek); spec, blush, fluster. flying, a. volant {rare), volitant {rare);
flush, V. t. 1. flood; spec. wash. spec, circumvolant.
2. redden {contextual), inflame. foam, n. froth {less dignified than "foam");
3. See ELATE. spec, scum, cream, mantle, head, spume,
flush, n. 1. See plow, flood, thrill, lather, suds {colloq.; pi.).
ELATION, HEIGHT. foam, V. i. froth; spec, scum, cream, man-
2. redness {contextiud), color {contextual), tle, spume, head.
rubicundity {rare; rhetorical or stilted), foam, V. t. befoam {an intensive), froth;
glow; spec, blush, bloom, hectic {rare). spec, scum, mantle, spume {rare).
Antonyms: see pallok. foamy, a. frothy; spec, creamy, spumous,
flush, V. t. start {used esp. with "up"), rise; spumy, spumescent, lathery.
spec, retrieve. focus, V. t. center, concenter, converge,
flushed, a. 1. red {contextual), flush, rubi- concentrate, focalize; all hut "focalize,"
cund {rare; rhetorical or stilted), ruddy, contextual.
glowing; spec, hectic, blushing, blushful Antonyms: see scatter.
(rare), blowsed or blowsy, blooming. fodder, n. feed, provend {archaic); spec.
Antonyms: see pale. provender, chaff, browse, wintering, ensi-
2. See ELATED. lage, silage, ramoon {East India), hay,
flute, n. 1. pipe {chiefly spec, or colloq.), oats, beans, etc.
flauto {Italian); spec, diaulos {Oreek fog, n. 1. cloud {contextual), mist {context-
antiq.), fife, tibia, flautine {Italian), ual), brume {rare), nebula {rare); spec.
poogye {Hindu nose flute), piccolo. haze, smother.
2. channel {contextual), groove; spec, gof- 2. See HAZE.
fer, gauffer, crimp. *oggy, a. I. cloudy {contextual), thick,
flute, V. i. play {contextual), pipe {con- misty {contextual), hazy, brumous {liter-
textual); spec, tibicinate {rare), me. ary), nebulous {rare).
flutist, n. player {contextual), fluter {rare), Antonyms: see clear.
piper {contextual), flautist; spec, fifer, 2. See HAZY, DIM, CONFirSBD.
tibicen. fogy, n. fogram, fogrum, fossil, foozle;
flutter, n. 1. See flap. all colloq. or slang, and used esp. with
2. a^tation, twitter {colloq. or dial.), flut- "old."
teration {colloq. or slang), twitteration foil, n. 1. See sheet.
{slang); spec, play, tremble, confusion. 2. foliation; sfiec. trefoil, quatrefoU,
flutter, V. i. play, wave. cinquefoil, sexfoil.
fly, V. i. 1. Spec, wing, flit, clip {archaic), 3. In art, etc.: contrast, set-off; spec.
flitter, sail, flutter, soar, kite, glide, flick- blank.
er, hover, rode, outfly {poetic), rocket, foist, V. t. 1. See introduce.
sweep, flush, hang. 2. palm.
2. See MOVE, GLIDE, FLOAT, DEPART, fold, n. 1. folding, double, doubling, turn,
SPREAD, VANISH, DISAPPEAR. plication {tech.), pUcature {tech.); spec.
fly, V. t. 1. In hunting with a hawk: chase. lap, coil, iaduphcation {rare), foldure
2. See flee. {rare), ply, plait or pleat, tuck, wimple
fly, n. 1. Spec, tsetse, bot, bott, dun, gran- {archaic or Scot), plica, ruga, folio, anti-
nom, dunfly, dipter {tech.), drake, gnat, cline, isocline, syncline, wrap, bosom,
midge, bluebottle, ichneumon, breeze. nook {Scot), wrinkle.
2. Referring to artifldal flies: spec. 2. See CLASP, embrace.
hackle, harl, palmer, butcher, governor, fold, V. t. 1. double, turn, plicate {tech.);
grackle, grannom, Dobson {U. S.), dun, spec, lap, coil, plait or pleat, tuck, ruckle
dunfly, dropper, heckle, goldfinch, hornet. {rare), interfold, wrap, infold.
flyer, n. t. volator {rare); spec, bird, bat, Antonyms: see unfold.
squirrel, sauropter, saurian. 2. See CLASP, EMBRACE.

K^^ Cross references: see Note. flustrate; confuse. fob, V. t.: deceive.
flush, V. i.: rise. fluted: channeled. foe: enemy.
flush, a.: abounding, abundant, flutter, V. t.: agitate, confuse. foetus: embryo.
flushed, even. fly, n. : flight, length, loft. fog: aftermath.
fluster, n.: confusion. flyte, v.i. &i fog, V. t.: doud, perplex.
fluster, V. i,: flurry, bustle. fiyte, V. t.: abuse. foil: defeat.
fluster, V. t.: flush, confuse. foal, V. t.: hear, foison: abundance, strength,
flustery: confused. fob, n.: pocket, chain. means.

V^^ See Notes of Explanation.

188
 FOOTMAN
folded, a. plicate {tech.); spec, lapped, in- animals or plants, exc. as humorous), prog
duplicate, double, etc. (slang), peck (slang), grub (slang, dial-., or
follow, V. t. I. accompany (contextual), at- cant), cram (dial. Eng.), belly timber (ar-
tend (contextual); spec, heel, dodge, tag chaic or dial.), bellycheer (archaic), tuck
{coUoq.), dog, hound, hunt, bedog {inten- (slang), crug (slang, Eng.), tack (chiefly
sive), trail. in "hardtack"); spec, ration, board, fare,
Antonyms: see lead, precede, preface. cates or acates (pi.; archaic), bit (chiefly
2. trace, run; spec, retrace. dial.),livery (hist.), diet, dish, dietary,
3. See PURSUE, succeed, adopt, ob- slops (pi.; slang or cant), bait, delica-
serve, COPY. tessen (pi.), mash, manna, flummery,
follow, V. i. 1. Spec, heel, tag, attend, hunt. scrapple (U. S.), browse, bite, bread,
2. come {contextual), attend, succeed, en- flesh, greens, etc. Cf. feed.
sue, emanate (rare); spec, result. food, a. cibarious (rare), cibarian (rare).
follower, n. 1. sectary or sectator {rare); tooling, V. 1. foolery, tomfoolery; spec.
spec, successor, pursuer, heeler. nonsense, buffoonery.
Antonyms: see roRERUNNER, predeces- 2. See deception.
sor. foolish, o. 1. See unwise.
2. See ADHERENT. 2. senseless, silly, empty-headed, fatuous,
following, a. sequent {chiefly spec), sub- fond (archaic), inane, eoosish (rare; col-
sequent {chiefly spec), sequacious (rare), loq.), goosy (rare; colloq^, desipient (rare),
sequential {rare), succeeding, successive, brainless, weak, light-minded, empty,
attendant, ensuing, consecutive. daft, harebrained; spec lunatic, soft,
Antonyms: see preceding, prefatory. buffoonish, crazy, idiotic, imbecile, vain,
following, n. 1. followers {pi.); spec. inept.
clientele, clientelage, cUentage, clientry, Antonyms: see wise.
retinue. 3. deranged (contextual), sawney (colloq.);
2. Of the act: spec succession, consecu- imbecile.
see
tion, pursuing. foolishness, n. 1. See unwisdom.
Antonyms: see precedence. 2. foolery (chiefly concrete), folly, fond-
foment, v. t. 1. bathe; spec, embrocate. ness (archaic), desipience (rare), silli-
2. See FOSTER, INCITE. ness, jackassery (contemptuous), fatuity,
fond, a. 1. See foolish, pet. fatuousness (chiefly the quality); spec.
2. affectionate; spec, (as implying excess lunacy, inanity, vanity, dotage, idiocy
or bad judgment) overfond, doting. (colloq.), infatuation, ineptness, madness,
Antonyms: see cold. levity.
3. partial {used with "to"; colloq.); Antonyms: see wisdom.
greedy {used with "of"). foot, n. extremity (affected or humorous),
1.
fondness, n. 1. affection. pedal (humorous or affected), dewbeater
2.desire {contextual), appetite, partiality (slang; chiefly in pi.), paw (esp. spec);
{used with "to" or "for"), taste, gout spec, pad, heel (fig., or the hind foot), hoof,
(French), relish. barefoot, splayfoot, clubfoot.
font, n. Of type: fount, letter {tech.). 2. See bottom, base, end, infantry,
font, n. I. Ecd.: laver, delubrum (rare). AGGREGATE.
2. See fountain, spring. 3. In prosody: unit; spec, dactyle, tri-
food, n. nourishment, nutriment, nutri- brach, trochee, iambus, diabrach, pyr-
tion, nurture (literary or learned), aliment rhic, dochmiac, dichoree, diiamb, etc
{chiefly tech.), nouriture (rare), foodstuff foot, a. pedal (affected or humorous, exc. as
(chiefly and commercial), ingesta
spec, spec).
meat (archaic, exc. in meat
(pi.; tech.), foot, V. i. Spec, walk, hoof (slang); used —
and drink"), victuals (pi.; now chiefly with "it."
tech. or somewhat inelegant), viands (pi.), football, n. 1. pigskin (colloq.), leather
tackle (slang), scran (slang), scraps (pi.), (colloq.).
creature (literary or dial.), provisions Of the game: spec, rugger (slang), rugby,
(pi.), 2.
provant provand (rare), proviance soccer (slang), association.
(rare),
(literary or rare), pro vend (archav), prov- footlights, n. pi. floats (cant).
ender (now humorous or referring to food footman, n. servant (contextual), Jeames
for animals), pabulum (referring to food for (humorous).

fW Cross references: see Note. folic: kindred, people, nation. fool, n.: simpleton, buffoon, im-
foUaceous: leafy. folly: foolishness. becile.
follaee: leafage. fondle: caress. fool, V. t.: deceive.
foliation: foil, leafage, leafing. fondling: pet. foolhardy: ventureaorru.
folio; ward, leaf. foodstuff : food. foot, V. t.: add.

IW See Notes of Explanation,

189
 .

FOOTPATH
footpath, n. footway; spec, sidewalk, berm. press, elbow, pinch, drive, burst, bear,
footprint, n. step or footstep, vestige (lit- inch, rush, hustle, repel, inject.
erary); spec, prick, track, trace, pug 2. See violate, compel, enter, extort,
(Anglo-Indian), seal, pad, iohnite, ich- DEVELOP.
nolite, ornithichnite. forced, a. artificial, unspontaneous (rare);

foot-shaped, a. pediform (tech.). spec, harsh, strained, constrained, com-

footsoldier, infantryman, footman (rare), pulsory.
peon (India), grabby (slang and opvrobrir forceful, a. 1. energetic, mighty; spec, ac-
oils), infantry (a collective); spec, peltast. tive, dynamic, vigorous, virile, etc.
footstep, n. 1. footfall, tread (chiefly 2. See EFFICACIOUS, expressive, co-
spec.); spec, clamp, tramp, pad. gent, emphatic, VIOLENT.
2. See FOOTPRINT, STEP. forcible, a. 1. energetic; spec, vehement,
footstool, n. Spec, ottoman, buSet, has- heady; see energetic.
sock. Antonyms: see weak.
for, prep, after. 2. /See VIOLENT.
forbearance, n. abstention, desistance; 3. efficacious, forceful; spec, (of language,
see ENDURANCE, PATIENCE, TOLERATION. ideas, etc.) sinewy, nervous, pithy, ro-
forbearing, a. Spec, patient, sparing, bustious (rare), important; see cogent,
mild; see tolerant. emphatic.
forbid, V. t. 1. prohibit, enjoin; spec, inter- ford, n. crossing (contextual), shallow (con-
dict, ban, taboo, proscribe, debar, inhibit, textual), fordage, wade (colloq.); spec.
disallow, veto, embargo. ghaut or ghat.
Antonyms: see bid, ask, appoint, permit. ford, V. t. cross (contextual), wade.
2. See prevent. fore, o. anterior, forward; spec, first, front,
forbiddance, n. prohibition (formal), for- foregoing.
biddal; spec, veto, interdiction, ban, in- ArUonyms: see hind.
hibition, debarment, proscription, taboo, forebode, v. t. 1. anticipate (contextual);
disallowance, embargo. spec, threaten, croak, misbode, presage,
Antonyms: see bidding, appointment, surmise, mistrust. "Forebode," "forebod-
PERMISSION. ing," etc., are often used as implying ex-
forbidden, prohibited (formal); spec.
a. pected evil.
interdicted, taboo, prescribed, contra- 2. See predict, signify.
band, unlawful. foreboding, u. anticipative (contextual),
forbidding, o. 1. prohibitory (formal); forebodeful, presageful, presentient(rare);
spec, interdictory, interdictive (rare), in- spec, croaking, croaky, etc. Cf. forebode.
hibitory or inhibitive. foreboding, n. anticipation (contextual),
2. See REPELLENT. presage, presentiment (dignified), boding,
force, n. 1. energy, power; spec, principle, premonition, presension (rare), bode (ar-
dyname, vehemence, strain, head, might, chaic), bodement (rare); spec, preappre-
birr (chiefly Scot), cram, dint (in "by hension (rare), croaking, etc. Cf. fore-
dint of"), vim (colloq.), vis (Latin), rap- bode.
ture (rare), wrench, twist, stress, tension, foreground, n. front, fore (rare); spec.
compression, shear, brunt; see energy. forefront.
2. Of language, ideas, etc.: energy; spec. Antonyms: see background.
emphasis, pith, nervousness, sway, effi- forehead, n. metopon (tech.), brow, front
cacy, cogency, snap (colloq.), pithiness. (poetic or rhetorical)
8. See VIOLENCE, compulsion, con- forehead, a. metopic (tech.), frontal.
straint. foreign, a. 1. exterior, outside, external,
4. body, corps, array (rhetorical); spec. peregrine (rare), strange (archaic, exc.
crew, posse, posse comitatus (Latin), spec?), outlandish (chiefly spec), outland
army, command, tercio, impi (Kaffir), de- (archaic), aUen (chiefly spec.); spec, exotic,-
tachment, patrol, regiment, squadron, extraneous, extrinsic, barbaric, barbar-
battahon, fleet, convoy, etc. ian, oversea, tramontane (rare), unnative
force, V. t. 1. effect (rare); spec, squeeze, (rare), metic.
K^= Cross references: see Note. forbear, v. t: check. foreclose, v. t.: appropriate, bar.
foozle: bungle. forbear, v. i.: abstain. foredoom: destine.
fop: dandy. forcing: compulsion. forefather: ancestor.
foppish: dandy. fore, n.: front. forefoot, n.: bow.
forage, n.: food. forebear, n.: ancestor. forefront, n.: front, beginning.
forage, v. t.: search, feed. forecast, n.; foresight, predic- forego: precede.
forage, v. i.: plunder, search. tion. foregone: previous.
foramen: opening. forecast, v. t.: foresee, predict, foreground: front.
forasmuch: because. devise. forehand: advantage.
foray, v. t. & i.: plunder. forecastle: bow. forehold, n.: bow.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

19.0
 —

FORGOTTEN
Antonyms: see native, domestic, in- antepast (literary), handsel (chiefly Eng.);
land. spec. preUbation (chiefly fl^.).
2. see unnatural, apart, irkblevant, foretaste, v. t. pregust (rare), anticipate.
unrelated. forethought, n. forecase (rare); spec.
foTelgner, n. alien (chiefly spec), stranger providence, anticipation, premeditation.
{chiefly Bib.), outsider (contextual), out- Antonyms: see afterthought.
lander (archaic or poetic), extern (rare); forfeit, n. fine (contextiud), forfeiture; spec.
spec, exotic (rare), ultramontane, laar- deodand.
barian, tramontane (rare). forfeit, V. t. lose; spec, escheat.
Antonyms: see native, citizen. AnUmyrris: see gain.
torelgnlsm, n. alienism (chiefly spec); forfeitable, a. In law: spec, lapsable,
spec, exoticism, GaUicism, Briticism, escheatable, caducary.
Irishism, etc. forge, n. furnace, smithy (now chiefly liter-
foreknow, v. t. foresee, precognize (rare). ary), smithery (rare), stithy (rare); spec.
foreknowledge, n. prognostication (liter- bloomery, hearth.
ary), prescience (chiefly spec), presension forge, V. t. 1. smith (rare), stithy (rare);
(rare), presensation (rare), precognition spec, tilt, extund (rare).
(learned or literary), prenotion (rare); 2. See devise, construct, fabricate,
spec, preaoquaintance (rare). invent, counterfeit.
Antonyms: see ignorance. forger, n. 1. worker (contextiial) smith; ,

forensic, a. controversial, argumentative, spec, blacksmith, whitesmith, goldsmith

rhetorical. (archaic), silversmith (archaic), tilter,
forerun, precede, precourse (rare),
v. t. Cyclops, Vulcan, Hephaestus, Hephaistos.
precurse spec anticipate, fore-
(rare); 2. See counterfeiter.
shadow, introduce, prelude. forgery, n. 1. smithing (rare), smithery
forerunner, n. 1. predecessor, precursor; (rare).
spec, apparitor (tech. or hist.), pioneer, 2. See fiction, counterfeit.
prelude (only fi^.), harbinger (chiefly lit- forget, V. t. 1. disremember (chiefly dial.),
erary), outrunner, avant courier (French), bury (fl^. or colloq.), oblivionize (rare),
prodromus (rare), herald. unknow (rare); spec unlearn.
Antonyms: see follower. Antonyms: see remember, recall.
2. See ancestor. 2. See omit.
forerunning, a. precursory, precurrent forgetful, a. 1. forgetting (rare, exc spec),
(rare), prodromal (rare). leaky (contemptiioiis or undigniflM),
foresee, v. t. anticijjate, previse (rare), short (referring to the memory), obUvious,
forelook (rare), preview (rare), prevision unmindful.
(rare); spec prognosticate, forecast. Antonyms: see retentive.
foreseeing, a. prescient (chiefly spec), pre- 2. See neglectful.
cognizant (rare), previsive (rare). 3. Lethean; causing forgetting.
foreshadow, v. t. signify, indicate, shadow, torgetfulness, n. forgetting, oblivion,
prefigure, foreshow, adumbrate (learned); Lethe (fig.), forgetness (rare), oblivious-
spec presage. ness, obhviscence (rare), forget (rare);
foreshadow, n. antitype. spec, amnesty, Umbo.
foresight, n. anticipation, prescience forgiveness, n. remission (rare), pardon
(chiefly spec), preview (rare), prevision (spec, or fig.); spec, absolution, amnesty.
(rare), onsight (rare), prospection (rare), forgiving, a. excusing, remissive (rare),
forelook, prospect (learned or literary); placable.
spec providence, forecast. Antonyms: see unforgiving.
forest, n. woodland, wildwood (poetic or forgo, V. t. abandon, forbear (hy the exer-
rare). cise of self-restraint); spec, remit.
Antonyms: see prairie. Anixmyms: see keep.
forester, n. woodman; spec, woodward, forgoing, n. abandonment, forbearance;
landreeve. spec, remittal, remission.
forestry, n. woodcraft, silviculture; spec. forgotten, a. unremembered, gone, disre-
dendrology. membered (chiefly dial.), lost.
foretaste, n. earnest, pregustation (rare). Antonyms: see retribution.
K^" Cross references: see Note.
 FORK
tork, n. 1. divarication (literary), crotch (a Antonyms: see uncbremoniotts, collo-
homely word, now chiefly U. S. and dial. quial, HOMELIKE, INTIMATE, FAMILIAR.
Eng.; chiefly tech. or spec), crutch (rare); formality, n. 1. convention, conventional-
STpec. tormentor. ity, formulism, custom, circumstance, red
2. See BRANCH. tape (chiefly spec), wiggery (fig.; rare),
fork, V. i. branch {contextual), furcate {lit- punctuality (archaic), punctualness (ar-
erary or tech.), divaricate {literary or tech.); chaic), red-tapism (chiefly spec); spec.
spec, bifurcate, trifurcate. punctilio, perfunctoriness.
forked, a. forky {rare or spec), crotched 2. See FORM.
(see fork), furcate {literary), divaricate formalize, v. t. 1. See DEFINE.
{literary); spec, bifid, biforked, bifurcate, 2. Spec, conventionahze, ceremoniaUze.
trifurcate, lituate. formation, n. formature (rare); spec in-
forking, a. branching; spec, dichotomous. vention, coinage, malformation, produc-
forking, n. branching, furcation {literary), tion, contrivance, development, composi-
divarication {literary or tech.); spec. tion, creation, growth, coagulation (fig.),
dichotomy, trichotomy, bifurcation. conformation, generation, genesis, con-
form, n. 1. shape {more concrete and a less struction, potence, echelon, terrane.
elevated term than "form"), figure, mold formative, a. fashioning, informative
{orig. spec); spec galbe (French), model, (rare); spec, creative, morphotic, plastic,
impression, cast, tournure (French, chiefly shaping, modeling, cosmoplastic.
cant), conformation, fashion (a word that former, a. earlier, prior, previous, ci-
is becoming archaic in this sense), figura- devant (French), sometime (indefinite),
tion, configuration, outline, build, format whilom (archaic or literary), past, bygone,
(French; tech.), get-up (colloq.), cut, con- heretofore (rare), quondam (indefinite;
tour, confection, crystal, literary); spec, preceding, late.
etc.
2. ceremony, rite spec), cere-
(chiefly Antonyms: see subsequent.
monial, observance, formality; spec, con- formerly, a. heretofore, quondam (rare),
ventionality, office, mystery (chiefly in erst (archaic or poetic), erstwhile (archaic),
pi.), ordinance, performance (often con- once (colloq.).
temptuous), liturgy, sacrament, sacra^ formidable, a. fearful, redoubtable (often
mental, use, augury, baptism, etiquette, humorously ironical); spec, doughty (ar-
cult, hierurgy, punctilio. chaic or rhetorical), difficult, dangerous,
3. See BODY, PATTERN, KIND, ESSENCE, impassable, etc.
DICTION, SEAT, STATE, ARRANGEMENT, OR- formless, a. inform, chaotic, shapeless,
DER, CLASS, TYPE. amorphous (tech. or learned).
form, V. t. make, produce, efform (rare), formula, n. 1. form, formulary, rule; spec,
shape, fashion (dignified), inform, consti- (eccl.) credo, belief, confession.
tute; spec, coin (often depreciatory), de- 2. recipe (u^ed chiefly in medicine or
velop, organize, conceive, create, fabri- cookery), receipt (used chiefly in cookery),
cate, found, emboss, describe, block, prescription (med.).
model, mold, mingle, mix, arrange, con- f orm.uIate, v. t. state, formularize, formu-
struct, reconstruct, generate, compose, lize, frame, devise; spec, schematize, draw,
build, turn, cause, contract. institute.
form, V. i. Spec develop, make, come, formulation, n. statement, devising, for-
grow. mal arization, formulization.
formal, a. 1. ceremonial, ritual, ceremoni- fortification, n. defense, stronghold, fast-
ous; spec, official, conventional, func- ness, bulwark (literary), fort (chiefly
tional, perfunctory, perfunctionary (rare), spec); spec, fieldwork, citadel, fortlet,
set, modal, outward, solemn, academic, hold (archaic), capitol, fortaUce, fortress,
liturgical, Pharisaic or Pharisaical, exter- rampart, rampire (archaic), redoubt,
nal, sacramental. breastwork, redan, earthwork, tower,
Antonyms: see informal. marteUo-tower, bastile, sconce, keep, don-
2. <Sfee DEFINITE. jon, curtain, surtout, lodgment, lunette,
3.Referring to manners, actions, lan- tenaille, gabionade, traverse, tambour,
guage, etc.: rigid, ceremonious, stiS, un- contravallation, flanker, castle, star, cir-
bending, precise; spec, prim, starch, punc- cumvallation, tetragon, rath (Irish hist.),
tilious, buckram (fig.), stilted, rigid, af- mount or mound (hist.), presidio (Span-
fected, bombastic, etc ish), burg (German), Kremlin (Russian),

t^= Cross references: see Note. forsake: abandon. forswearing: denial; cf. abjure.
forlorn: abandoned, depressed, forsooth: truly, forth: ahead, out.
hopeless, lamentable, devoid. forswear: abjure, abandon. forthcoming: coming.
formalist: precisian. deny. forthwith: immediately.

V^^ See Notes of Explanation.

192
 —— .

FOWL
zareba (in Sudan), gurry {Anglo-
the Anionyms:
see clean.
Indian), pillbox {slang), post. See DIRTY, ABOMINABLE, ENTANGLED,
2.
fortify, V. I. 1. strengthen; spec, brace UNFAIR, discreditable.
{oneself or one's spirits), encourage, 3. Of weather: spec, unfavorable {context-
brandy. ual), black, dirty, nasty, rough, wet.
8. fence {literary ora rchaic), fort {rare), Antonyms: see clear.
fortress; spec, rampart, rampire {archaic), foul, V. t. 1. dirty, defile,
contaminate;
fraise, stockade, wall, mound, battle {obs. spec, bemire, pollute, sully.
or poetic), embattle, mure, entrench, Antonyms: see clean.
counterscrap, countermure. 2. See contaminate.
fortunate, o. 1. See auspicious. fouling, n. dirtying, defilement, etc.
2. prosperous, chancy {Scot.), happy, foulness, n. 1. dirtiness, impurity, filth;
lucky, blessed; spec, successful, timely, spec, feculence, squalor, squalidity {rare),
providential. squalidness, loathsomeness, loathfulness,
Antonyms: see unsuccessful, unfor- pollution, bUge, putridity, etc.
tunate, UNLUCKT. 2. See contamination.
fortunately, adv. happily, well, etc. foundation, n. 1. base, basis, support,
fortune, n. 1. accident, chance, luck, hap groundwork, bottom, substruction (rare),
{archaic); spec, goodhap {archaic); see substructure {rare), tablement {rare);
MISFORTUNE. spec, ground, rest, bed, bedding, ground-
2. luck, cast {obs. or dial.), lines {pi; after sel, stereobate, socle, pierre-perdu
Ps. xvi. e)j fare; spec, prosperity, success, {French), sill, grillage, riprap {U. S.),
felicity, misfortune. fond {French).
Antonyms: see misfortune. 2. See endowment, basis, reason.
8. See FATE, WEALTH. 8. Spec, college, fellowship, monastery,
4. competence, sufficiency, pile {coUog.); church, etc.
spec, independence, plum {obsolescent foundational, a. fundamental, basic,
slang, Eng.). basal.
forward, a. 1. onward, advancing, pro- founder, n. establisher, author, projector,
gressive, progressing. father, patriarch, organizer, foundress
Antonyms: see backward. {fern.), builder; spec, oecist {rare), heresi-
2. See FOBE, ready, bold. arch.
forward, adv. onward or onwards {esp. in four, n. 1. quatre {French), tetrad; re-
space), on, along, forth, forthward {ar- ferring to the number.
chaic); spec, before, ahead, frontward, 2. Referring to a group: quartet, quar-
frontwards, forthright {archaic), ad- tette, quartetto {Italian; chiefly in music),
vanced, advancing. tetrad, quaternion, quarternity {rare);
Antonyms: see backward. spec, quatre {rare), tiddy, quatuor {music;
foster, V. t. aid
{contextual), promote, rare).
cherish, nurture {rare, exc. spec), nurse four-angled, a. quadrangular {learned).
{fig. or spec); spec, foment, cosset, nuz- fourfold, a. quadruple, quaduplicate;
zle {Jig.; rare), mother {fig.), cultivate, both learned.
patronize, cradle, nourish, harbor, en- four-footed, a. quadruped, quadrupedal
courage. {rare), four-foot {poetic or obs.).
Antonyms: see extinguish. four-handed, a. quadrumanous, quad-
fosterage, n. aid {contextual), promotion, rumane, quadrumanal all three tech. ; —
nurture, nourish, nourishment; spec, fo- or learned.
mentation, cultivation, patronage, en- fourpence, n. groat, flag {coUoq. or cant,
couragement. Eng.).
foul, a. 1. dirty {contextual), impure, four-sided,
filthy, immund {rare), sordid {loith filth or —both a. quadrilateral,
tech. or learned.
tetrahedral;

offensive dirt; a rather literary word), fourth, n. quarter, quartern {obs. or rare)
tetrous {rare), obscene {archaic or rare); f ourway, a. quadrivial {of roads; learned
spec, rank, festering, squalid, loathful or rare).
{rare), noisome, feculent, loathsome, fowl, n. 1. See bird.
loathly {literary) J loathy {rare), dreggy, 2. gallinacean {tech.), chicken {primarily
polluted, disgustmg, fetid, muddy. spec), poultry (a collective); spec, hen.
^^ Cross references: see Note. forum: court. fossorial: digging.
fortitude: courage. forward, a.: fore, precocioits, as- fouled: dirtied.
fortnightly: biweekly. suming, imjnident. found, V. t.: cast.
fortress: fortification. forward, v. t.: advance. Bend. found, V. t.: base, establish, colo-
'

fortuitous: accidental. fossil: remains, fogy. nise.

fortuity: chance. fossilize: petrify. found, V. i.: rdy.

IS' See Notes of Explanation.

193
 —

FOX
biddy (now chiefly colloq. or humorous), furibxmd (literary), raging, furious, mani-
cock, capon, chick, pullet, broiler, roaster. ac, deranged, zealous, rabid (literary).
loz, n. Charley or Charlie (used as a prop, franticness, n. excitement, desperateness,
name), reynard (quasi proper name), low- desperation, distractedness, frenzy, furor,
rie (quasi proper name; Scot.); spec, vixen, fury, mania, etc.
whelp, cub. fraternity, n. brotherhood; spec, friary,
tox hunter, pink (cant). society (contextual), club (contextual),
toxy, a. 1. alopecoid (tech.), vulpine synomasy (rare).
(learned or tech.), vulpecular (rare). fray, v. t. rub, wear, frazzle (U. S. and dial.
2. See ABTFUL. Eng.); spec, fret, shred, tatter, ravel.
fragment, n. 1. part (contextual), division "Fray" is often used unth "out."
(contextual), fraction (rare); spec, crumb, freak, n. I. See caprice.
flinders (pL), fritters (pi.; rare), smithers 2. lusus naturse (Latin), abnormality,
(pi.; colloq.), smithereens (pi.; colloq.), monstrosity (chiefly spec); spec, sport,
orts (pi.), frustum (rare), calf, sliver, mutation, comicaJityi Judy (Jig.), abor-
shiver, splinter, morsel, chip, shard, tion.
shred, brickbat, potsherd, crock, sippet. freaky, a. 1. See capricious.
2. See FART. 2. abnormal, sportive, monstrous (chiefly
fragrant, a. sweet; spec, aromatic, spicy spec); spec, abortive.
(a stroTiger term than aromatic), balmy, freckle, n. spot (contextual), blemish (a
ambrosial or ambrosian, perfumy (rare). contextual sense), fleck, lentigo (tech.),
Antonyms: see fetid, ili>smblling, fernticle (obs. or dial.).
RANK. freckle, v. t. spot (contextual), discolor
frame, n. 1. See STRUCTtraE. (contextual), fleck.
2. framework; spec, case, curb, yoke, free, a. 1. independent, frank;. spec, eman-
griff, gate (rare), tenter, sash, easel, rack, cipated (rare), emancipate (rare), manu-
cadge or cage, casement, chase, brake, cof- imtted, liberated, unenslaved, Ubertine
fin, hurst, crib. (obs. or hist.), frank (obs.), ransomed, sui
8. See DISPOSITION. juris (Roman law), free-born.
frame, v. t. 1. See adapt, inclinb. 2. self-governing, autonomous (learned or
2. construct, enframe (rare), form; spec. tech.), independent.
set, build, erect. 8. Referring to physical freedom: loose,
3. devise, form; see invent, compose, unconfined, unrestricted, bondless, un-
PRONOUNCE. trammeled, unrestrained, quit, uncon-
4. See EXPRESS. trolled, inadherent, unimpeded, imat-
frank, a. free, ingenuous, plain, plain- tached, uncombined, solute, clear (as a
spoken, outspoken, free-spoken, direct, rope), unentangled.
point-blank, unequivocal, outright, Dun- Antonyms: see confined.
stable (fig.; literary), candid, downright, 4. costless, expenseless, gratuitous, gratis
unreserved, open-hearted, naive, sincere, (a less dignified term than "gratuitous"),
liberal, open, undisguised, guileless, art- chargeless.
less, genuine, unartful, free-hearted. 5. exempt; spec immune, privileged.
Antonyms: see hypocritical, affected, 6. See AFFABLE, GENEROUS, CARELESS,
ARTFUL, DECEITFUL, SECRET, DISSEM- AVAILABLE, DEVOID, EMPTY, LIBERAL,
BLING, INTRIGUING, LYING, SNEAKING. LOOSE, BOLD, FAMILIAR, VOLUNTARY,
frank, v. t. send, transport; both context- SPONTANEOUS, FRANK.
ual. free, v. t. 1. hberate, release, deliver, res-
frankincense, n. incense (contextual), cue, loose (chiefly spec); spec, redeem,
olibanum; spec, thus (not a real franking ransom, manumit, emancipate, disen-
cense). slave (rare), disenthrall (literary), enfran-
frantic, a. excited (contextual), frenzied, chise (tech. or literary), forisfamiliate (Ro-
phrenetic (rare), desperate, transported, man law), unvassal (rare), enlarge (rare or
crazy (spec, or colloq.), distraught (liter- law), discharge, parole (fig.), sup, disen-
ary), distract or (more usually) distracted; twine, disimprison, disincarcerate (rare),
spec, passionate, ecstasied or ecstatic, disimmure (rare), disbody (rare), disem-
mad, horn-mad, infuriate, delirious, mad- body (rare), relax (Scots law), unbind,
ding (poetic), moenadic, must, daft, giddy. clear, extricate, unleash, uncloister (rare),
t^^ Cross references: see Note. fragile: brittle, weak. franchise: privilege.
foyer: lobby. fragmentary: dividual. frangible: breakable.
fracas: disturbance. fragrance: srriell. fraternal: brotherly.
fractional: particd. fragrant: odorcms. fraternize: associate.
fracture, n.; breaking, crack. frail: brittle, weak, slight, deli- fraudulent: deceitful, dishonest.
fracture, v. t.: break, crack. cate. fray: fight.

P^^ See Notes of Explanation.

194
 FREQUENTER
unchain, unpen, unfetter, uncage, dis- freeman, n. Spec, noble, ceorl (Eng.
embed, diayoke, eliminate, evolve, disem- hist.), burgess, burgher, liveryman, citi-
barrass, disencumber. zen.
Antonyms: see pledge, pawn, fasten, free-thinker, n. libertine (disparaging),
CATCH, GRASP, CLASP, CONFINE, CON- antinomian (learned); spec, skeptic, un-
STRICT, IMPRISON, IMPOUND, SHACKLE, believer.
TRAP. free-wUl-ist, n. libertarian (disparaging),
8. Referring to freeing from what holds indeterminist.
fast: disengage, liberate, clear; spec, dis- freeze, v. t. 1. congeal (contextual), chill
entangle. (contextual), befreeze (intensioe).
8. Referring to freeing from mil, oppres- Antonym,s: see boil.
sion, etc.: deliver, relieve {rare, exc. spec), 8. See stick.
rid (emphatic); spec, disburden, unburden, freeze, v. i. t. cool; spec, regelate.
debarrass (rare), disencumber, dispossess, Antonyms: see boil.
emancipate, d&charge, clear, disengage, 2. See stick.
disembroil. freeze, n. congelation, coohng; spec, frost.
Antonyms: see bind, commit, enslave. freightage, n. Spec, cartage, wagonage,
4. exempt; spec, privilege, excuse, im- ferriage, etc.
munize, frank (rare). freighter, n. Spec, loader, forwarder,
freebooter, n. desperado (contextiud); shipper, vessel.
spec, pirate, berserk, berserker, viking, French, a. Gaulish (poetic or humorous),
buccaneer. GaUic (somewhat humorous), Galilean
free-born, a. ingenuous (chiefly Roman (learned or hist.), Parleyvoo (humorous);
hist.). spec. Romance, Creole, Frenchy, Frenchi-
freedman, n. libertine (Roman hist.); fied.
spec, deditician (Roman hist). Frenchify, &
t. Gallicize.
v. i.
Antonyms: see bondsman. Frenchman, n. Parleyvoo (humorous),
freedom, n. 1. independence, liberty; spec. Froggy (slang); spec. Creole.
emancipation, manumission, release, de- frenzy, n. excitement (contextual), passion,
livery, ransom, rescue, etc. transport, ecstasy (chiefly spec.); spec.
Antonyms: see bondage, slavery. rapture, fury, delirament (rare), heat,
2. liberty, unrestraint, play, disengage- rage, furiosity (rare), furor, orgasm
ment, enlargement, discharge, disimpris- (rare), furiousness, burn C^.), chafe
onment, disembodiment, etc. (archaic), rave (rare), oestrus or oestrum,
Antonyms: see confinement. must, distraction, delirium, derangement,
8. self-govertiment, independence, auton- enthusiasm, fanaticism, fad; see also
omy (learned or tech.). transport.
4. liberty, license, swing
(often colloq.), frenzy, v. t. excite, transport, ecstasy
latitude, breadth; spec, ease, discretion. (chiefly spec.), rap
(chiefly spec.); spec.
6. exemption, impunity; spec, immunity, ravish, rapture, distract, enrapture, im-
privilege. passion, furify (rare), madden, enrage.
6. See ease, familiarity, readiness, frequency, n. I. oftenness (rare), oftness
BOLDNESS. (archaic), thickness (in space or time),
freeholder, n. franklin (ohs. or hist.), quotiety (rare), howmanyness (rare);
charterer (hist.); spec, yeoman. spec, repetition, habitualness.
freeing, n. 1. liberation, emancipation, Antonyms: see infrequency.
manumission, deliverance, enfranchise- 2. commonness (c/. common).
ment, release, ransom, disenthraUment, frequent, a. 1. often (archaic or rare),
etc. thick (in space or tirne); spec, many, daily,
Antonyms: see enslavement. hourly, rapid, minutely, momentary.
2. Spec, discharge, disembarrassment, Antonyms: see infrequent.
exemption, clearing, quittance,
disen- 2. See common.
cumberment, disengagement, delivery, frequent, v. t. haunt (often spec); spec.
releasement (rare), riddance, loosing, infest, affect, visit, use (rare), attend,
dispensation, relief, deliverance, enlarge- ghost overrun.
(rare),
ment, elimination, disembodiment, ms- frequentatlon, n. haunting, infestation,
incarceration, disimprisonment, disen- visitation, use (rare, exc. spec), attend-
gage, immunization, redemption, etc. ance.
8. exemption; spec, privileging. frequenter, n. haunter, resorter, habitui
freely, adv. Spec, gratis. Cf. free, a. (French), etc.

f^' Cross references: see Note. free-hearted: frank. freight: load.

free-handed: generous. free lance: adventurer. frenzied: frantic.

t^° See Notes of Explanation.

195
 — — —

FRESH
fresh, a. 1. new, recent; spec, green, warm, diality; spec, brotherliness, neighborli-
unfaded. ness, landxtess, etc.
Antonyms: see ancient. Antonyms: see opposition.
2. Referring meat, vegetables, etc.: caller
to friendly, a. 1. amicable, cordial; spec.
{Scot.); spec, green, uncured, unsmoked, brotherly, kindly, neighborly, lovesome
undried, crisp. (archaic), friendlike.
Antonyms: see withered. Antonyms: see unfriendly.
3. unsalted, sweet; referring to waier, 2. See favorable.
food, etc. frighten, v. t. fright (rare or poetic), fear
4. Of the air, etc.: spec, pure, sweet, re- (archaic), affray (rare), affright (chiefly
freshing. literary), alarm, scare, fray (archaic),
Antonyms: see close. funk (slang); spec, appall, shoo, terrify,
5. Spec, unexhausted, energetic, bloom- terrorize, (ismay, gaily (dial, or whaling),
ing, clear, strong, vivid, bnUiant, addi- horrify, freeze, cow, daunt, startle, con-
tional, green, dewy, unobliterated, brisk. sternate, intimidate, stampede, drive.
Antonyms: see exhaitsted, tired, wea- Antonyms: see encoitrage, entice.
ried. frill, n. 1. edging; spec, jabot, purl, nich-
freshen, v. t. refresh, revive, liven; spec. ing, ruche (French).
renew, brighten, quicken, brisk or 2. See affectation.
brisken. fringe, n. border, edge, fimbriation (tech.),
freshman, n. novice; spec, plebe (f7. S.; fimbrilla (dim.; tech.); spec, phylactery
colloq.), puny (Eng.), bejan (Scot., hut obs. (erroneous), bullion, macram6, bang, fim-
at Edinburgh). bria.
freshness, n. 1. newness, recency; spec. fringe, v. t. border, edge, fimbriate (tech.).
greenness. fringed, a. bordered, edged, fimbriate
2. Spec, brilliance, bloom, dewiness, ver- (tech.), fringy, jubate (tech.; rare); spec.
dure, vigor, flush, glow, energy, strength, ciliate or ciliated, cirrated.
etc. frisky, a. lively (contextual), antic; see
Antonyms: see weariness. frolicsome.
fret, V. t. 1. erode, gall, chafe; see fray. frivolity, n. frivolousness, lightness, emp-
2. See agitate, annoy, irritate. tiness, foolishness, fribble, levity, flip-
fret, V. i. 1. erode, chafe; spec. fray. pancy, trifling, flimsiness, silliness, vola-
2. chafe, fume, stew (colloq.); spec, worry, tility, flightiness, giddiness, frippery,
repine, ferment, boil (colloq. or slang). trumpery.
3. roughen, ripple, babble; referring to frivolous, a. light, empty, foolish, light-
water, etc. minded, light-headed, fribble, contemptu-
fret, 71. 1. erosion, chafe; spec, breach. ous, trifling, frippery (contemptuous),
2. agitation, chafe, stew (colloq.), fume; giddy, flimsy, silly, volatile, flighty, frivol
spec, ferment, fermentation, worry. (colloq. or slang), fribbUsh (rare), butter-
friar, n. I. ecclesiastic (contextual), frate fly (j^?-)) unideaed (rare), jiggish (rare),
(Italian), shaveling (opprobrious), broth- trumpery; spec, overlight, flippant, hoity-
er; spec, mendicant, breviger (hist.), car- toity.
melite, Franciscan (Gray Friar), Domin- frock, n. Spec. govTU, dress, overall, coat,
ican (Black Friar), Augustinian, Mini- jersey.
mite (rare), Minim, Minor, tertiary, dis- frog, n. amphibian (contextual; tech.),
1.
calceate, limiter (hist.), cordelier (Fran- paddock (Scot.); spec, frogling, tadpole.
ciscan), calender (Mohammedan; a loose 2. Referring to part of a horse's foot:
use). cushion, frush.
2. See MONK. froglike, a. batrachoid, raniform; both
friary, n. association ^contextual) , friars tech.
(pi.), convent. frolic, n. play, caper, sport, lark, sky-
friend, n. 1. intimate (contextual), Da- lark prank, trick (colloq.); spec.
(colloq.),
mon (fig.), familiar. romp, rollick, escapade, racket (slang),
Antonyms: see enemy. spree (colloq.), hoity-toity (rare), gambol,
2. approver (c/. approve). curvet, frisk, merrymaking, cantrip
friendliness, n. amicability, amity, cor- (chiefly Scot.).

IIS= Cross references: see Note.

 . —

fULt
froUo, V. i. prank {rare), sport; s-pec. spec), impregnate (cause to become preg-
play,
rollick, caper, romp, lark, skylark (colloq.), nant; chiefly spec); spec, fruit.
freak, fnsk, gambol, curvet, wanton, fructifying, a. fructincative (rare), fecun-
spree (coUoq.). datory (rare or tech.), fertilizing, fructifer-
froUcsome, o. playful, frolic, ous (rare).
sportful,
sportive, prankful (rare), prankish (rare); frugal, a. 1. sparing, chary; spec, abstemi-
spec, frisky, frisk, larkish {coUoq.), larky ous, economical.
(coHog.), larldn^ (coUoq.), rompish, rump- 2. See SCANTY.
ing, rompy, wild, skittish, hoity-toity, fruit, n. I. Spec, fruitlet, fruitling (rare),
capersome. fruitage (o collective), follicle, drupel,
from, prep, fro (Scot, and dial.); spec, with, drupelet, key, samara, legume, mericarp,
off, of. cremocarp.
Antonyms: see toward. 2. produce (a collective sing.), vegetable
front, n. Spec, forehead, face, look.
1. (luith no definite distinction from "fruit" in
2. fore (chiefly tech. or a quasi noun), popular use).
forepart, forefront (emphatic), foreside 3. See PRODUCT, effect, outcome, good,
(ohs. or tech.); spec, van, head, beginning, PROFIT.
foreground, proscenium (tech., exc. fruit, V. i. fructify; spec. bear.
learned as fig. or transferred), heading, fruit- bearing, a. frugiferous (rare), fruc-
breast, frontage, belly; see foreground. tuous (chiefly spec).
Antonyms: see back. frutt-eatlng, a. frugivorous, fructivorous;
8. Referring to a building: face, facade, — both tech.
frontal, frontispiece (rare). fruitful, o. 1. productive, fertile, fecund
Antonyms: see back. (archaic or rare), prolific, feracious (rare),
4. Referring to an army, etc.: van; spec. fructuous (chiefly spec); spec, teeming,
vanguard. polyphorous (rare), teemful, uberous
6. See CARRIAGE. (rare), plenteous (chiefly poetic), good,
front, V. t. 1. See face, oppose, meet, broody or breedy (dial, or colloq.), exuber-
COVER. ant, eugenesic (rare), fat or fatty, rich,
2. lead (go in front), head (by having the gleby (rare), proliferous; many of these
front place), face. terms being used, flguratively or by trans-
frontier, n. border, coast (archaic). fer, of the mind, imagination, etc.
frontlet, n. band, frontal; spec, cham- Antonyms: see barren, unproductive.
frain, forestall. 2. See productive.
frost, n. 1. iSee freeze. fruit grower, horticulturist (contextual);
2. Referring to white frost: hoarfrost, rime spec, orchardist, orchardman.
(literary or tech.), cranreuch (Scot.), hoar fruit growing, horticulture (contextual);
(rare). spec, pomiculture (rare), pomology.
frosted, hoary.
a. fruiting, n. fruitage.
frown, V. i. scowl, lower or lour, gloom, fry, v. t. cook (contextual); spec. saut6
glout (rare), glower, cloud (contextual). frizzle, fricassee.
Antonyms: see smile. fry, n. Spec fricandeau, frizzle, fricassee.
frown, n. scowl, lower or lour, gloom fuel, n. firing (Eng. or archaic); spec.
(chiefly Scot.), flout (rare), glower, cloud kindling, breeze.
(contextual). fugitive, a. 1. fleeing; spec, runaway, hide-
frowning, a. scowling, lowering or lour- away (rare).
ing, lowry or lowcy, glooming, glowering, 2. <See TRANSITORY, EPHEMERAL.
clouded (contextual), cloudy (contextual). fugitive, n. fleer (rare); spec, runaway,
fructification, n. fecundation, fertiliza- vagabond, wanderer, refugee, runagate
tion, impregnation; spec, masculation, or- (contemptuous)
thogamy, heterogamy, autogamy, self- fulcrum, n. support.
fertilization. Antonyms: see lever.
fructify, V. t. fecundate, fertiUze (chiefly full, V. t. thicken (contextual); spec. mill.

I^' Cross references: see Note. fructify: fruit. fudge, interj.: bosh.
frontage: front. fruitage: fruiting. fugacious: transient.
frontal: frontlet, front. fruition: enjoyment fulcrum, n.: support.
frosty: cold, gray. fruitless: barren, ineffectual. fulfill: accomplish, satisfy, obey,
froth, n..* foam, nonsense. frustrate: defeat. perform.
froth, c. >'.: foam. fubby:/aC. fulfillment: accomplishment,
frothy: foamy. fuddle, V. t.: confuse. satisfaction, obedience,
perform-
frounce: curl. fuddle, 0. i.: drink. ance.
f reward: perverse. [moldy. fuddle, n : conftision, carouse. fulgent: luminous.
frowzy: slovenly, red, red-faced, fudge, V. t.: fake. fulgurate: flash.
frozen: congealed, cold. fudge, 71.: nonsense. fuliginous: dark, smoky.

fS° See Notes of Explanation.

14 197
 F17LI.

full, a. 1. replete (o stronger Antonyms: see accidental.

and more
formal term than "fvM"), plenitudinary funeral, a. 1. burial (contextual), funeral,
(rare), plenitudinous (rare); spec, brim- feral (rare), exequial (rare), epicedial
ful, flush, swollen, chock-full or choke- (rare), funebrial (rare), sepulchral; spec.
full (somewhat colloq.), crammed, crowded, funerary, elegiac.
packed, stuffed, overflowing, puffy. 2. See DARK, GLOOMY, SORROWFUL.
Antonyms: see empty. fungus, n. Spec, mushroom, toadstool,
2. satisfied, sated or satiated; spec. bunt, fuzzball, buUfist, puffbaU, mold,
gorged (implying gross gormandizing), rust, smut, agaric, mildew, tuckahoe,
crammed (colkiq.), stuffed. champignon, truflle, morel, etc.
3. loose, flowing; spec, baggy, foldy funnel, n. channel, tunnel (rare); spec, in-
(rare), pouched, pouchy. fundibulum.
4. Referring torounded, oro- tunnel-shaped, a. choanoid (tech.), in-
the voice:
tund (literary), rotund {formal or tech.). fundibuliform (tech.).
5. See ABSOLTJTE, AB0T7NDING, COMPLETE, funny, a. Spec, humorous, facetious, gro-
EXHAUSTIVE, DETAILED, CIRCUMSTANTIAL, tesque; see COMIC, laughable, odd.
PLTJMP, STRONG. fur, n. skin (contextual), coat (contextual);
full, n. completion, utmost. spec, flix (rare), flick (dial.), calaber, er-
full-blooded, a. 1. plethoric, sanguine, mine, ermines, erminites, erminois, budge,
sanguineous, haematose (rare); all four —
miniver, pean, pashm, sable, kolinsky,
in formal, learned, or literary use. woom (cant), vair, beaver, seal, etc.
2. Referring to breed, etc.: pure, true. furl, Naut.: stow, hand.
V. t.
Antonyms: see hybrid. furled, a. in (used jn-edicatively).
fuller, n. hammer (contextual), hardy furnace, w. Spec, cupola, forge, calcar,
(blacksmithing). kUn, chauffer, reverberatory, revolver, re-
fullness, n. 1. repletion, repleteness (less tort, roaster.
iisual), Impletion (rare), plenitude furnish, v. t. 1. provide, supply, dight (ar-
(learned or literary), plenum (rare); spec. chaic or dial.); spec, equip, accommodate,
circumstantiality, puffiness, satiety. endow, store.
Antonyms: see emptiness, vacancy. supply, produce, give, yield, find, pro-
2.
S. Spec, completeness, absoluteness, vide, afford (a rather bookish term); spec.
plumpness, rotundity, abundance, etc. advance, lend, sell, rent, etc.
fulvous, a. yellow, fulvic (rare); spec. furnished, a. equipped, found, beseen (ar-
tawny, tan. chaic), etc.
fumigate, v. t. 1. reek, suffuinigate (rare), furnishing, n. 1. Referring to the action:
fume; spec, smoke, match, disinfect. provision, supplial, suppliance (rare), fur-
2. See PERFUME. nishment (rare); spec, purveyance, equip-
fun, n. 1. jSpec. humor, wit, drollery, ment, accommodation, endowment.
waggishness, waggery (rare). 2. Often in pi.: equipment.
2. See diversion, play. 3.provision, supply, yield; spec, product,
function, n. 1. activity, duty, oflSce, prov- find,advance, loan, dc.
ince, service. furniture, n. furnishing (often in pi.),
2. See ACTION, CEREMONY. equipment; spec, drapery, coverlet, hang-
S. In math.
: spec, sine, cosine, secant, cose- ings, bedding.
cant, logarithm, intermediate, faculty, etc. furrow, n. depression (contexiu/jl); spec.
function, v. i. act (contextual), function- trench, channel, track, seam, groove, rut.
ate (rare), serve. cut, wrinkle, line, drill, scratch.
fund, n. accumulation, stock, supply; spec. furrow, V. t. Spec, channel, seam, plow,
box, reserve, pool, bank, capital endowment. , wrinkle, intrench (rare), trench, ditch,
fundamental, a. basic, basal, underlying, rut, corrugate, cleave, cut.
ground, bottom, basilar (rare); spec, car- turrowy, a. Spec, guttei^r, rutty, wrinkly.
dinal; see ELEMENTARY, ESSENTIAL. further, adv. besides, beside, else; see also.

tW Cross references: see Note. fumy: smoky, vaporous. fuifuraceous: scurfy.

fulminate, v, i.: explode, flash, functionary: officer. furiosity: anger, frenzy, via-
curse. [nounce. fundament: buttocks. lence.
fnlnUnate, d. t: explode, de- fundamental, n.; basis, ele- furious: angry, violent, frantic,
fulsome: excessive. ment. extravagant.
fulsomeness: excess. fundus: base. furor: frenzy, fad.
fumble: feet, mismanage. funlcle: cord, stalk. further, a.; farther, additiondl.
fume, V. i.: smoke, exhale, fret. funk, n.ifear. further, v. t.: aid, advance.
fume, V. t: smoke, exhale, fumir funk, V. t.: evade. furtherance: aid.
gate. funk, V. i.: shrink. furthermore: besides.
fume, n.: smoke, exhalation, furbish: polish, renovate, renew. furtive: thieoish, secret, sneak-
smeU, fret, fit. furcate, a.: forked. ing, stealthy.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

198
 GAME
fnz7, n. 1. See prenzt, anger, fit, vio- ble, saunter, stalk, stride, hobble, swing,
lence. roll, volley, piaffer.
8. Dirae {Latin; pi.), Erinnyes (Greek; 2. See CARRIAGE.
pi.), Eumenides (Greek, eniphmdaiic; pi); gaiter, n. legging (contextual), contina-
spec. Tisiphone, Megaera, Alecto. tions (pi.; suing); spec, squatterdash,
S. See TERMAGANT. spats (pi), gambado.
turze, n. gorze, whin. gallant, re. Spec, blade, escort, cioisbeo (a
fusible, a. meltable (rare), fitudble (ar- galkml of a married woman).
chaic), fusile (rare). gallery, n. I. Spec, corridor, loft, balcony,
Antonyms: see refkactoby. veranda, portico, cantarina, traverse,
fuss, n. disturbance, ado (chiefly literary), triforium, loggia, dedans (French), drift.
to-do (colloq.), pucker (coUoq.), fidge (coU 2. Referring to part of an audience: spec.
tog.); spec, commotion, tumult, stir, gods (pi.; cant or slang).
pother, boggle, fizz (colloq.), bustle, flus- gallop, V. t. &
i. Spec, canter, run.
ter, fiddle-faddle, fidfad (rare), fret, worry. gallop, n. gait (contextual); spec, tantivy,
luss, V. i. pucker (colloq.; rare), fike (Scot.), canter.
fidge (colloq.); spec, potter, boggle, fizz gallows, n. bough (archaic), tree (archaic),
(coUoq.), bustle, fret, worry. gibbet (obs).
future, a. coming, forward (commercial); gallows, a. patibulary (rare).
spec, prospective. gallowsbird, n. criminal (contextual),
Antonyms: see past. hempstring, hempseed (rumce; Shake-
future, n. futurity (dignified), futuri- speare). "GaUowshird" is colloq.
tion (philos.), by-and-by (chiefly poetic in gamble, v. i. 1. play (contextual), game,
suggestion), to-come (rare), yet (used with gaff (Eng. slang or colonial); spec, dice,
"the"; rare), to-be (rare); spec, tomorrow throw, punt, plunge.
(often fig.), ulterior, hereafter. 2. See WAGER.
Antonyms: see past, present. gamble, v. t. risk (contextual), wager.
gamble, re. chance; spec, wager, risk,
plunge, pyramid.
gambler, n. 1. player (contextual), sport
gadfly, n. fly (contextual), breeze, gadbee (cant); spec, gamester, gamestress (fern),
(dial, or literary), clog (Scot. &
dial. Eng). dicer, hazarder, plunger, punter.
gafit, V. t. Spec, spear, hook, gambeer. 2. wagerer (cf. wager).
gain, n. 1. See acquisition, benefit, game, re. quarry.
PROFIT. game, re. 1. See sport.
2. addition (contextiud), accretion (con- 2. diversion (contextual); spec, contest,
textual); spec, advantage, graft, plunder, agonistics, bowls, ball, quoits, backgam-
booty, clean-up (U. S), winning, emolu- mon, cards, checkers, dominoes, check-
ment, gettings (pi.; archaic), superlu- stones, chess, cricket, croquet, dibs, fan-
cration (rare). tan, faro, football, hazard, the graces,
Antonyms: see loss, hockey, hopscotch, jackstraws, jack-
gain, V. t. 1. get, acquire, reap (fig), ob- stones, John BuU, kino (U. S), Krieg-
tain; spec, procure, earn, gather, superlu- spiel, lacrosse, lansquenet, lanterloo (obs),
crate (rare), net, clear, profit. leapfrog, letters, loggats, lotto, mall, ping-
Antonyms: see forfeit. pong, racing, reversi, tiddly-winks, etc.
2. See incur, win, reach. S. See ridicule, plan.
gait, n. 1. step; spec, slouch, swing, clip 4. Referring to a single contest: spec, pan-
(colloq), amble, hobble, canter, dog trot, cratium, Olympic, Marathon.
gallop, jog, jog trot, rack, pace, single- 5. hunt, chase, gibier (French).
foot (U. S), lope, trot, run, walk, sham- Antonyms: see hunter.
1^" Crow references: see Note.
 GAMEKEEPER
gamekeeper, n. flatus, mafette, argon, oxj'gen,
ranger (archaic); spec. damp,
venerer (rare). hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, etc.
sang, n. 1. company, crew. 2. See BOMBAST.
2. See SET, ASSOCIATION. gaseous, a. fluid (contextual), gassy, gasi-
gangrene, n. death (contextual), necrobio- form, airy (now rare or spec); spec, aeri-
sis (tpch.), mortification, necrosis (tech.). form.
gangrene, v. i. die, mortify, necrose gash, v.t.&n. cut (contextual), crimp (chic-
(tech.). ly spec), scratch, score, slash, scotch.
gangrenous, a. dead, mortified, necrose gasoline, n. petrol (British), gas (cant or
(tech.), cankerovis (rare). colloq.).
gap, n. 1. See breach. gasp, V. i. breathe (contextual), catch; spec.
2. opening (contextual), break, vacancy, chmk, pant, labor, choke (contextual).
gape (rare), space; spec, lacima, jump, gastronomic, a. esurient (an incorrect use;
hiatus, chasm, pass, ravine, rictus, yawn. properly "pertaining to love of eating or
gape, V. i. open (contextual), Mate (rare), appetite").
gaup or gawp (dial.), inhiate (rare); spec. gate, n. 1. opening (contextual) ,passa,geiway
yawn, dehisce. (contextual), portal (elevaled term), gate-
gaping, a. agape, hiant (chiefly hist.); way, port (now chiefly Scot.), pylon
spec, yawning, ringent, patulous, patulent (archcBoL), arch, toran, porte-cochfere
(rare), dehiscent, Toculicidal. (French), floodgate, sluice, turnpike,
garden, n. Spec, potagerie (French), her- wicket, lich-gate.
bary, nursery, Lyceum. 2. door (contextual), shuttle, portcullis,
gardener, n. mallee (Anglo-Indian); spec. wicket, lattice, hatch.
horiculturist, florist. (the more formal
gatekeeper, n. porter
gardening, hortulan (rare), hortensial
a. term).
(rare), hortensian (rare); spec, topiary. gather, v. t. 1. assemble, collect, group;
gardening, n. horticulture; spec, floricul- spec, lump, mass, huddle, herd, rake (vjith
ture, olericulture, viniculture. "up"), crowd, congregate, rally, aggre-
gargle, v. t. rinse (contextual), wash, gar- gate, flocculate (rare), forgather, ingather,
garize (rare). cluster, drum, whip, cull, glean, shock,
gargle, n. wash (contextual), gargarism clump, stack, bunch, convene, mobilize.
(med.; rare), coUutory (tech.). Antonyms: see scatter, separate, dis-
garment, n. 1. confection (o Gallicism), perse.
rag (derogatory), cloth (dbs.), vestment 2. In sewing, etc.: spec, shirr, pucker, full.
(rhetorical or spec), wearable (colloq.); 3. See accumulate, win, infer, gain.
spec, shroud (poetic or archaic), abolla, gather, v. i. 1. assemble, collect, group,
'
slops (pi.), blouse, cape, cardigan, coat, congregate, forgather, aggregate; spec.
coat-hardy (obs.;hist.), corselet, cowl, cy- bunch, convene, huddle.
mar (poetic or fictional), dalmatic, doub- Antonyms: see disperse, scatter,
let, ephod, flannels (pi.), frock, fur, gar- stray.
berdine, gambeson (obs.; hist.), grego, 2. See increase, suppurate.
gown, haqueton, jersey, jerkin, jumper, gather, n. gathering; spec, shirr, pucker.
jupe (Scot), kaross, kimono, kirtle, kilt, gathering, n. 1. The act or action: assem-
knickerbockers (pi.), linens (pi.), linge- bly, assemblage, collection, forgathering,
rie (collective sing.), mackintosh, mancul- grouping; spec, congregation, convention,
ion, maniple, manta, mantelet, mantlet, aggregation, mobUization, clustering, etc.
mantua, mohair, nightingale, overall, 2. Those gathered, considered collectively:
pelisse, shirt, singlet, slip, trousers (pi.), assemblage, body, collection, group; spec.
vest, waist, waistcoat, weed, teddy bear crowd, throng, bunch, drum, convention,
(cant or slang) envelope, combination, etc.
, congregation, aggregation, rally, herd,
2. In pi: see clothing. flock, cluster; see assembly, convention.
garret, n. attic, soler (obs. or rare), sky 3. See accumulation.
parlor (colloq. or humorous). gaudy, a. showy; spec, tawdry, tinsel, gar-
garrison, n. post (U. S.). ish, flashy, gimcrack, brummagem, cheap.
gas, n. 1. fluid (contextual); spec, choke Antonyms: see simple, modest.
t^^ Cross references: see Note. garb, «.: costume, clothing. garnishment: ornamentaiion.
gamesome: frolicsome, merry. garb, V. t.: clothe. garret: attic.
gamester: gawJbler. garble: deface, pervert. garrison, v. t.: num.
gamut: scale, compass. garish: showy, bright. garrote: strangle.
gamy: brave, constant, Ul-Bmell- garland: wreath. garrulous: talkative.
ing. garment: clothe. gascon, a.: boasting.
gang: set, association. garner, n.: granary. gascon, n.: boaster.
gaol: prison; —var. of Jail. gamer, v. t: accurnvlate, store. gauche, a.: awkward.
gaud: gewgaw.
gap: breach. garnish, n.: ornament.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

200
 GENTLE
gauge, V. 1. 1. measure. propagate; spec, spawn (contemptiums),
2. adjust. bear, pullulate, inbreed.
gauge, n. 1. See measuiie, extent. Antonyms: see kill.
3. Spec, templet, fence, manometer. 2. See CAUSE.
gawk, simpleton {contextual), clown,
n. generate, v. i. breed, reproduce, grow, pro-
gawky, booby, jay (colloq. or slang); spec. duce, conceive, propagate (chiefly tech.);
calf {colloq.), sight {colloq.). spec, hatch, segment, increase, proliferate,
gay, a. 1. livelyj vivacious, airy, gaysome teem, multiply, inbreed.
{rare), merry, joUy, jovial {more bookish Antmytns: see die.
than "jolly"), mirthful, galliard {archaic); generation, n. 1. begetting, breeding, pro-
spec, wild, riotous, festive, mad, hilarious, duction, genesis (rare), reproduction, pro-
gleeful, jaunty, sportive, sprightly, con- creation, propagation (chiefly tech.); spec.
vivial., froUcsome, gamesome, merry- increase, prohferation, isogamy, theogony,
making, frivolous, jubilant. ontogeny, histogenesis, heterogenesis.
Antonyms: see bad, sullen. 2. Referring to those living during a cer-
8. See BRIGHT. tain period: age, descent.
gayety, n. 1. Uveliness, vivacity, vivacious- generative, a. 1. reproductive, progenitive,
ness, airiness, joyance, merrmess, merri- creative, genial (rare), gemtal (chiefly
ment, mirth, mirthfulness, galliardise {ar- spec); spec, proligerous (rare), proliferous,
chaic); spec, hilarity, hilariousness, jaun- conceptive, germinative, gametal.
tiness, sportiveness, merrymaking, frivol- 2. See PRODUCTIVE, causative.
ity, jubilance. generosity, n. 1. greatness, large-heart-
Antonyms: see ennui. edness,magnanimity (formal), nobility,
2. See BRIGHTNESS. magnanimousness spec, loftiness, courage.
;

gaze, V. i. look {contextual); spec, muse,
{literary), pore, stare, ogle, gape, glower,
gloat, glare, leer.
gelatinous, a. colloid (tech.), tremellose
(tech.); spec, gelatiniform.
gelding, n. neuter {rare); spec, ridgeling,
ridgel.
gem, n. jewel, stone; spec, solitaire, scarab,
hyacinth, diamond, ruby, sardine, sap-
phire, tiger's-eye, moonstone, bloodstone,
opal, amethyst, topaz, turquoise, pearl,
emerald, garnet, carbuncle, etc.
gemlike, a. gemmy, gemmeous {rare).
genealogy, n. history {contextual), genera-
tion {rare); spec, pedigree, tree.
general, a. 1. universal {more smphatic
than "general"), catholic {chiefly eccl.);
spec, cosmic, oecumenical, heavenwide,
nationwide, statewide.
Antonyms: see pabticulab,
NARROW, individual, LOCAL.
2. Tn a less inclusive sense: widespread,
wide, broad {less emphatic than "wide");
spec, generic, main, impersonal, popular,
current, indefinite, bird's-eye.
Antonyms: see circumstantial, par-
ticular.
generalize, v. t. broaden, universaUze,
spread.
generate, v. t. 1. beget (chiefly spec),
breed (chiefly spec), create (contextual),
reproduce (biol), produce (young), pro-
create, conceive (in the womb), engender,
Antonyms: meanness (see mean); see
selfishness.
2. generousness, free-heartedness, liberal-
ity,handsomeness (rare), bounty, frank-
ness (obsolesc), freedom (rare); spec.
benevolence, royalty, munificence, prodi-
gaUty, lavishness.
Antonyms: stinginess (see STrNQT).
3. iSee ABUNDANCE.
generous, a.great (contextual), mag-
1.
nanimous ingenuous, large-
(formal),
hearted, great-hearted, noble; spec, lofty,
courageous, chivalrous, beneficent.
Antonyms: see mean.
2. Referring to the opposite of "stingy":
free-hearted, open-hearted, open-handed,
open (colloq.), free, hberal, free-handed,
frank (obsolescent), handsome, large (ar-
chaic), bounteous, bountiful; spec, munifi-
minute, cent, lavish, prodigal, benevolent, stintless.
Antonyms: see stingy, gbeedt, paltry,
SELFISH.
3. See abundant.
genius, n. l.'demon (contextual), spirit (con^
textual); spec, python {New Testament),
jinni, jinn (pi.; improperly used as sing).
2. angel (chiefly with "good" or "bcui"),
spirit (chiefly with "a good" or "a bad").
3. See CAPACITY, SPIRIT.
gentile, n. 1. See heathen.
2. non-Jew, uncircumscision (with "the").
gentle, o. 1. weU-born, generous {archaic),
good.

K^" Cross references: see Note. gear, n.: dress, clothing, equip- genie: demon.
gikuge, V. t.: measure, adjust. ment, apparatus, cogwheel, genre: style.
gaunt: thin, repeUent. goods. genteel: polite, ruihle, elegant,
gauzy; filmy. gelid: cold. stylish.
gawky: awkward. geminate: double. gentile, a.: heathen, racial.
gazingstock: spectacle. generic: general. gentle, v. t.: handle.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

201
 .

GENTLEMAN
2. See TAME. onomy (rare), dumb show, pantomime
3. mild (o weaker word than "gentle"), (chiefly spec)
light, soft, moderate; spec, benign, silken, gesture, v. i. motion, gesticulate,panto-
soothing, kind, lenient, low, complaisant, mime (rare), sign; spec, wave, ramp,
amiable, etc. beckon, signal.
Antonyms: see rough, severe, sharp, gesturing, a. gestioulant (rare).
STERN, VIOLENT, HARSH, PIERCE, CRTTEL, get, V. t. 1. obtain, procure, raise, gain, se-
AUSTERE, BLOODTHIRSTY, BLUNT, OUT- cure, have, acquire; spec, achieve, take,
RAGEOUS. win, glean, borrow, sponge, impetrate,
4. Referring to a slope, dimb, etc.: mod- find, draw, eUcit, wheedle, coax, derive,
erate, gradual, slight, easy. learn, attain, forage, mine, snatch, hire,
Antonyms: see precipitous. catch, capture, etc
gentleman, n. 1. gent {vulgar), aristocrat, Antonyms: see miss.
cabaUero (Spanish), duniwassal (chiefly 2. See NONPLUS, induce, take (one-
spec; Scot.); spec, esquire (Eng.), hidalgo self), beget.
(Spanish), cavalier. gettable, a. obtainable, come-at-able (col-
Antonyms: see book. loq.), havable (rare).
2. See MAN. Antonyms: see inaccessible.
gentleness, n. 1. mildness, lightness, soft- getting, n. obtainment, obtainal (rare),
ness, moderateness, moderation; spec. obtention (rare), procurement, secure-
easiness, benignity, faintness, soothing- ment (rare), procuration; spec, impetra-
ness, kindness, lenience, complaisance, tion, acquirement, eUcitation, derivation,
amenity, douceur (French), milkiness etc.; see acquisition.
(rare). gewgaw, n. trifle, trinket, toy (ohs., exc.
Antonyms: see violence, sharpness, spec); spec, kickshaw, knickknack, gim-
CRUELTY, ferocity, SEVERITY. crack, fizgig, gaud (literary), bauble,
2. Referring to a slope, climb, etc.: moder- falderal or folderol, fallal, flapdoodle (con^
ateness, gradualness, slightness, easineos. temptiums; colloq.), flamfew (rare).
genuine, o. 1. true, right, real, veritable, ghastly, a. 1. See fearful.
proper (rare), indeed (predicative); spec. 2. pale, deathly, corpselLke, ghast (ar-
Simon Pure, honest, true-blue; see au- chaic or poetic); spec, cadaverous, lurid.
thentic. ghost, n. 1. See soul, demon, appearance.
Antonyms: see artificial. 2. apparition, larva (obs. or hist.), larve
2. See sincere, frank. (hist.), spirit, specter, phantom, phantasm
gerni,n. 1. germen (now only fig.), embryo, (poetic or rhetorical), phantasme (rare),
seed (now chiefly spec), seminium (rare), revenant (rather learned or cant), shadow
seminary (rare). (rare), shade (chiefly spec), sprite or (ar-
2. See element. chaic) spright (rare), spook (colloq.).
3. microorganism, seed (spec, or fig.); Antonyms: see body.
spec, microbe, bacterium. ghostly, See spiritual.
a. 1.
germicide, a. Spec antiseptic, bacteri- 2. ghostlike,
spectral, spookish (coUoq.),
cide. phantasmal, phantom, shadowy, ghosty
germinate, V. i. grow (contextiml) germ (jocular), spooky (colloq.).
,

(now fig.), burgeon, germin (archaic), ger- Antonyms: see bodily.

minate (rare), generate; spec, sprout, giant, n. 1. Referring to giants of litera-
shoot, puUulate (rare)) blade, bud, vege- ture: spec. Goliath, Colossus, Brobding-
tate, catch, set. nagian or (incorrectly) Brobdignagian,
Antonyms: see die. Hercules, ogre, Antseus, Briseus, Briareus,
germinate, v. t. cause (contextual), germ Polyphemus, Cyclops, Titan, Titaness,
(rare); spec, sprout. Norn, jinni.
gestural, a. gesticulative, gesticular, ges- Antonyms: see dwarf.
ticulatory, pantomimic (chiefly spec), 2. Referring to any^ very large person: spec.
pantomimical (rare). giantess, colossus, jumbo (coltoq.), Goliath
gesture, n. 1. motion (contextual), gest (fig.), polyheme (rare).
(archaic); spec, gesticulation, beck, sign, Antonyms: see dwarf.
fig, wave, puff, signal. gibbet, n. gallows, patible (rare); spec.
2. In a generic sense: gesticulation, chir- cross, rood (archaic).

tW^ Cross references: see Note.

 —
GLADDEN
gilt, n. 1. See aivnta. damoiselle (French), colleen (Anglo-
a. present, liberality (rare), donation Irish), wench (archaic or derogaUrry),
(chiefly spec.); spec, bonus, premium, girly (colloq), tot (obs. or rare); spec.
prize, dole, contribution, mite, favor, tes- girleen (Anglo-Irish), giglet, dell (archaic
timonial, gratification, offering, boon, ob- cant), flapper (skmg), lassock (Scot),
lation, gratuity, bounty, propine (ar- missy, mmx, baggage, cummer
hussy,
chaic or Scot), largess, fairing, benevo- (Scot), in "Jack and GUI"),
gill (rare, exc.
lence, cadeau (French), donary (rare), whelp (contemptiunis), cub.
grant, douceur (French), tip, benefaction, 2. See DOMESTIC.
cumshaw (Chinese porta), baksheesh, con- girlhood, n. lassiehood (chiefly Scot),
cession, honorarium, merced (Si)anish), maidenhood, girlishness (rare), maidhood
dash or dashee (African coast), pittance, (rare).
alms, charity, pilon (southwestern U. S.), girlish, a. childish, maidenish, girly (collog),
pilonce (Texas), pUonvillo (Texas), lag- maidenly (commendatory).
niappe (New Orleans), donative, legacy, girth, n. 1. band (contextual), girdle, belly-
bequest, devise, benefit, enam (India), band (sometimes spec); spec, roller, cinch,
batta (Anglo-Indian), bribe, handsel, fa- surcingle.
vor, mortuary, khilat or khelat (East '
2. See CIRCtrMPERENCE, GIRDLE.
India), feu, ormolu, congiary (Roman gist, n. I. reason, ground, basis; referring
hist.), nuzzer (Anglo-Indian). to a legal action.
Antonyms: see demand. 2. See ESSENCE.
8. See ENDOWMENT, ABILITY. givable, a. dative (law), grantable, con-
gig, n. chaise; spec, whisky, tilbury. ferable, bestowable, etc.
glBantio, a. 1. immense, colossal, elephan- give, V. t. 1. present, confer, bequeath (ar-
tine. Titanic (spec, or fig.), Herculean chaic or spec), grant: spec, donate (chiefly
(spec, or fi^.), Cyclopean (spec, or fi^.), U. S), contribute, dole, lend, heap (with
Brobdinenagian or (incorrectly) Brobdig- "upon"), distribute, begrudge, club, of-
nagian ^pec. or fig. and ironical). fer, produce, emit, utter, entail, devise,
Antonyms: see dwarf. entrust, etc.
a. See ENOEMOUS. Antonyms: see beg, demand.
gild, V. t. adorn, deaiirate (rare), engild 2. In various secondary senses: see af-
(literary; often fig.); spec, begild, overgild. ford, COMMUNICATE, REQUITE (givc in re-
gilded, a. aureate (learned or literary), turn), ADMINISTER, ADDICT, APPLY, AT-
inaurate (rare). TRIBUTE, DELIVER, DEAL, SHOW, GRANT,
gin, n. liquor (contextual), ribbon (slang; ADJUDGE.
cant), satin (slang), eyewater (slang), give-and-take, n. giff-gaff (Scot, and dial.
deadly (slang), juniper (slang), jaoky or Eng).
jackey (slang); spec, schiedam, Hollands, giver, n. presenter, donor (tech., spec, or
schnapps. formal), donator (rare), conferrer, grant-
glxd, V. 1. 1, encircle (contextual); spec, girt, er; spec, contributor.
bind, belt, surcingle. giving, n. 1. gift (chiefly of a single act),
2. See INVEST, PREPARE, BRACE, SUR- presentation, conferment, present (rare),
ROUND, BESIEGE. conferral, largition (rare), bestowal, be-
girdle, n. band (contextual), girth, cin- stowment, grant (chiefly spec or formal),
gle (Wxrary; chiefly spec); spec, brail, donation (chiefly spec); spec, disposal,
cincture (bookish), belt, cingulum (tech), disposition, dation, conveyance, dealing,
truss, sash, cummerbund (Anglo-Indian), colportage, collation.
scarf, cestus (Roman antiq), zone (liter- 2. See COMMUNICATION, DELIVERY, PRO-
ary or Greek antiq), zoster (Greek antiq). DUCTION, etc.
girdle, v. t. bind (contextual), encircle glad, a. happy, content, joyful; spec, blithe,
(amiextual), girth, engird (literary), en- festal, blessed,blithesome, beatific, bliss-
girdle (literary), circuit (cordextiud). ful; ECSTATIC.
see
a. Referring to a tree: ring, ringbark. gladden, v. t. please (contextual), happify
girdled, o. precinct (rare); spec, succinct. (now rare), happy (ohs), content, con-
girl, n. 1. child (contextual), maid (archaic tented, rejoice; spec, gratify, beatify,
or playfvl), lass (chiefly dial), lassie (chief- blithen, exhilarate, transport; see cheer.
ly Scot), maiden (elevated), damsel. Antonyms: seesADDBN, grieve, depress.

t^ Cross referenas: see Note. gin: trap. given: addicted, assumed.

gifted: able. ginger: spirit. gizzard: stomach.
glESle: laugh. gingerly: careftd. glabrous: smooth.
gliding: gold. girt, v.: gird. glae£: smooth, iced.
gUt: gold. girt, n.; circumference, dimenr glacial: crystal.
glmoraok: gewgaw. glacis: bank, slope.

l^ See Notes of Explanation.

203
 GLADE
glade, n. opening, laiiud {archaic), lawn
{archaic).
gladiator, a. Spec, retiarius, swordsman,
andabate, secutor.
gladness, n. pleasure {contextual), felicity, globule, n. sphere, spherule, globelet
happiness, content, rejoicement (rare), re-
joicmg; spec, joy, joyance {literary), bUss, button, bullet.
blitheness, transport, etc.; see ecstasy.
glance, v. i. 1. strike {contextual), slant,
glint {chiefly Eng.); spec, skip, ricochet,
glide, skim.
2. See FLASH.
3. look {conteoetaal); spec, flash, run, real, desolate, morbid.
glimpse, bhnk, peep, peek.
glance, n. 1. stroke {contextual), glint
{chiefly Eng.); spec, ghde, skip, skim,
ricochet, graze.
2. See PLASH, INTIMATION.
3. look {contextital) ; spec, flash, blink,
glimpse, cast, blush {only in "at first
blitsh"), ray, beam, coup-d'oeil {French),
peep, ogle, peek.
gland, n. kernel {rare or dial.); spec, glan-
dule, prostrate, sweetbread, thymus, pan-
creas, liver, parotid.
glass, n. 1. Spec, glazing {collective), ob-
sidian, crystal, Pele's hair, chark {Rus-
sian), haematinon, smalt, etc.
2. Referring to a thing made of glass: spec.
bumper, tumbler, goblet, lens, mirror,
goggles {pi.), blinkers {pi.; colloq.),
slide,
telescope, microscope, eyeglass, specta-
cles {pi.), binocle, binocular, hourglass,
chromatic, etc.
glasshouse, n. Spec, hothouse, green-
house, coolhouse, conservatory, serre
{French), stove.
glassy, a. vitreous {more tech. than
"glassy"), vitrie {chiefly as opposed to
"ceramic"), hyaline {chiefly tech. and
spec), hyaloid {rare, exc. anat.); spec.
hyalescent, subvitreous.
glaze, n. I. coat {contextual), coating {con-
textual); spec, glost, varnish, enamel.
"Glaze" is often in the U. S. specifically
used of thin ice or the surface of ice.
2. See LUSTER.
glide, V. i. Spec, lapse {chiefly fig.), glis-
sade, fleet, Ulapse (rare), slide, shp, sail,
fly, float, flow, coast, skate, swim, skim.
Antonyms: see bustle, jerk.
1:^=^ Cross references: see Note.
gliding, a. Spec, lapsing, slipping, slid-
ing, preterlabent, flowing, etc.
globular, a. globose, globate; spec, pilular,
pilulous.
{rare); spec, drop, bulb, bead, pill, pellet,
gloom, n. 1. gloominess, shade, shadow,
obscurity; see dark, darkness.
2. See CHBERLESSNESS.
gloomy, a. 1. dreary, drear {chiefly liter-
ary), cheerless, doleful; spec, bleak, fune-
Antonyms: see cheerful, cheering,
GLAD.
2. See CHEERLESS, DARK, DEPRESSED, DE-
PRESSING.
glory, n. t. See fame, dignity, honor,
BEAUTY, BRILLIANCE, PROSPERITY.
2. Spec, gloriole {rare), aureole, halo,
nimbus, vesica.
gloss, n. 1. See luster.
2. Spec, {in figurative or transferred
senses) veneer, whitewash {colloq.), color,
varnish, veil, smooth.
glove, n. Spec, gauntlet, muffler or muffle,
mousquetaire, mitt, mitten.
glow, V. i. 1. radiate {contextual), incan-
desce {tech.); spec. burn.
2. Referring to colors: spec, blaze, fire,
bloom, blush, flush.
3. Referring to bodily feeling: spec, burn,
swelter, sizzle {colloq.), toast, roast {colloq.),
cook {colloq.), bake {colloq.), boil {coUoq.).
4. Referring to the emotions: spec, burn,
fire,inflame {rare), consume.
glow, n. 1. luminosity, incandescence
{tech.); spec, burning.
2. Referring to colors: warmth, fiush; spec.
blaze, brilliance, bloom, redness, flush.
3. jSee ardor.
4. Referring to bodily feeling: warmth;
spec, heat, swelter, toast {colloq.), roast
{colloq.), sizzle {colloq.).
glowing, a. 1. bright {contextual), lumi-
nous, candent {tech. or learned), excan-
descent {rare), incandescent; spec, burn-
ing.
2. Referring to colors: bright {contextual),
warm; spec,
blazing, rutilant {rare),
blushing, blooming, red.
 GOLDEN
Antonyms: see dull. UTE, END, ACT, DESCEND, PASS, DISAP-
S. See ARDENT. PEAR, RESORT.
gloze, V. t. 1. See annotate. goal, n. 1. Spec, mark, bye, post, port,
a. In figurative or transferred senses: spec. home, bourne {chiefly literary), bourn,
gloss, veneer, varnish, veil, color, smooth, hail {Scot.), meta {Roman antiq.).
whitewash {colloq.). 2. See OBJECT, DESTINATION.
glutton, n. sensualist {contextual), gor- go-as-you-please, n. 1. laisser-aller
mandizer {more emphatic than "glutton"), {French).
gourmand (o6s.), hog {scomfuUy con,- 2. /See RACE.
temptuous), gorger (jare), pig (contempt- goat, n. Spec, buck, billy-goat {coUoq.),
uous; often playfvl), surfeiter, gorger, nanny nanny-goat {colloq.), kid,
{colloq.),
cormorant {fig.), bellygod {archaic), gas- goathng, angora, jaal-goat, ibex, pasan,
trophile {rare), crammer {coUoq.), stuiler pasang, markhor.
(polloq.), gastrophilist {rare), gastrophiUte goatlike, a. caprine {tech. or literary), goat-
{rare), ravener {literary), guttler {rare), ish, goatly {nonce word), hircine {chiefly
helluo {literary), poke-pudding {Scot.; spec), hircinous {rare), goaty {chiefly
humorous). spec); spec, capriform.
Antonyms: see ascetic. go-between, n. agent {contexttial) ; spec.
gluttonous, a. 1. gourmand, greedy, rav- broker. Mercury {fig.), dealer, middle-
enous {intensive), piggish {contemptu- man, pander.
ous; often playful), hoggish {scornfully Antonyms: see principal.
contemptuous), gormandizmg. goblin, n. demon {contextual), sprite or
Antonyms: see abstemious, ascetic. {archaic) spright {contextual), bogy, bogle,
2. See DESIROUS. boggle, bogey; spec, kobold, nix, brownie,
gluttony, n. 1. gormandizing {of the act),
gulosity {rare), belly cheer {archaic), hog- god, n. 1. See deity.
gishness {contemptuous), piggishness {cor>/- 2. [cap.] R-ferring to the Christian god:
temptuou^); spec, gastrophilism {rare). Deity {wilh "the"), King-of-Kings {with
2. See DESIRE. "the'*).
gnawing, rodent {rare, exc. tech.)
a. I. Antonyms: see devil.
2. See CORROSIVE, distressing. godparent, n. sponsor, gossip (o6s.); spec.
go, V. i. 1. move
{contextual), gang {chiefly godfather, godmother.
literary; Scot.); spec, repair, proceed, pass goer, n. Spec, proceeder, farer, traveler,
{chiefly v^ed with "on," "along," "down," speeder {colloq.), exodist {rare), walker,
"through," etc.), draw {with "on," "along," runner, etc.
"through," "back," etc.), rampage, hie goggle-eyed, a. bulging-eyed.
{archaic or poetic), stalk, take {v^ed vrith goglet, n. guglet, serai {India), surahee
"to"), labor, jaunt, run, rip {colloq.), fore- {India), chatty {India), olla. {Spanish
reach {chiefly naut.), range, carry, round, America), monkey pot.
idle, jog, egress {rare), extravagate {rare), going, a. 1. Spec, traveling, proceeding,
lollop {colUiq.), mill, bolt, pat, fare {ar- bound, outward-bound.
chaic or poetic), determine, gallivant, 2. See AFLOAT.
step, happen, hap {rare or archaic), going, n. 1. See departure.
strike, march, bundle {chiefly used with 2. Spec, proceeding, traveUng, travel,
"off"), clump, force, advance, retreat, re- troop, tour, exit, troll, progress, march,
sort, depart, flow, speed, return, revert, walk, run, etc.
exceed, transgress, dip, boat, ride, falter, 3. Referring to the condition of the ground,
glide, crawl, ferry, ply, travel, glance, etc., for going: spec wheeling {colloq.), rac-
walk {see gait, n.), amble, canter, pace, ing, walking, running, rowing, skating, etc.
gallop, lope, rack, trot, hasten, hop, leap, gold, n. 1. aurum {tech.; chem.); spec, dust,
sail, steam, float, fly, swarm (in a multi- gilding, gilt, or {her.).
tude), tiptoe, tumble, etc. 2. See WEALTH.
2. In figurative or transferred senses: see golden, a. 1. aureate {literary), Pactolian
DEPART, ENTER, AVERAGE, CIRCULATE, {fig.); spec auriferous, prime {number;
BE, BECOME, APPEAL, EXTEND, CONTRIB- archaic).
tW Cross references: see Note. gnaw: bite. gobble, V. t.: swallow.
gloze, n,: annotation. gnome: demon. gobble, n. & v. i.: cry.
glum: aullen. depressed. gnomon; pointer, goddess: deity.
glut: surfeit, satiate, oversupvly, go, V. L: afford, wager. godhead: divinity.
obstruct. go, n.: energy, turn, success, fad. godless: atheistic, irreligious.
glutinous: sticky. goad, 0. (.: prick, incite, urge. godlike: divine.
gnarl: protuberance. go-ahead, a.: enterprising. godly: divine, religious, right-
gnarled: distorted. go-ahead, n..- energy. eous.
gnash: bite. gobbett: piece. goggle, V. i.: turn.

IS' See Notes of Explanation.

205
 COLDNESS
Antonyms: see ill-tempee.
2. yellow, inaurate {rare; chiefly sool.).
3. See EXCELLENT. good-natured, a. kind (contextuM); spec.
goldness, n. aureity (literary). clever, amiable, good-humored, good-
gone, a. 1. departed; spec, flown. tempered, complaisant, accommodating,
2. See ABSENT, WORNOUT, FAINT, FOR- agreeable.
GOTTEN. Antonyms: see ill-tempered, acrimo-
good, a. buckra (sovihem U. S.; negro nious, SULLEN.
dialect); spec, goodly, goodish, satisfac- goodness, n. Spec, satisfactoriness, excel-
tory, excellent, favorable, admirable, ade- lence, favorableness, admirableness, ade-
quate, beneficial, advantageous, agree- quacy, beneficence, advantageousness,
able, appropriate, considerable, compe- agreeableness, appropriateness, sound-
tent, healthy, sound, real, honorable, ness, reality, honorableness, responsibil-
responsible, righteous, becoming, kind, ity, righteousness, etc.
honest, frank, convivial, religious, well-be- goods, n. pi. chattels, commodity (a single
haved, etc. "Good" is used as a synonym article), gear (a collective), effects, things,
of almost any adjective denoting a quality movables (law); spec, traps (colloq.), con-
thai is approved. traband, invoice, consignment; the last —
Antonyms: see bad, faui/tt. three collectives.
good, interj. bravo. goose, 71. 1.honker (U.S.& Can.; colloq. or
good, n. 1. Spec, boon, godsend; spec. slang); spec, gander, cagmag, goslet
kalon (Greek), fruit, benefit, advantage, (U. S.), gosUng, wavey, solan, graylag,
blessing, benison (archaic or poetic), bliss,gannet, barnacle, whitehead, brant.
beatitude, felicity. 2. See simpleton.
Antonyms: see evil, disadvantage, ca- gore, V. t. pierce (contextual); spec, tusk,
lamity, PEST. horn, stab, hook.
2. In pi.: see goods. Gorgon, n. Spec. Stheno, Euryale, Me-
goodby, interj. adieu (archaic, affected, or dusa.
used in pleasantry), farewell (now archaic gormandize, v. i. stuff, cram, gorge.
or rhetorical; chiefly spec), vale (rare; gospel, n. news (contextual), evangel, evan-
Latin), bye-bye (colloq.), so-long (slang). gely (archaic); spec. Protevangel, Pro-
Antonyms: see greeting. tevangehum.
good-for-nothing, n. ne'er-do-well, scala- gospel, a. evangeUc, evangelical; spec.
wag. synoptic.
good-looking, a. Spec, comely, fair (chief- gossip, n. t. See godparent.
ly literary or rhetorical), beautiful, hand- 2. busybody, gossiper, tattler, talebearer,
some, pretty, prettyish, minion (rare), tittle-tattler, quidnunc (literary); spec.
dainty, goodly, seemly (rare or archaic), granny (contemptuous).
sightly,- personable (chiefly literary), bon- 3. conversation, tittle-tattle, small talk,
ny (Scot., exc.as used in Eng. for local or talk, by-talk, gjup (Anglo-Indian), gossipry
lyrical effect), well-favored (archaic), spe- (rare or archaic), gossipred (rare), gossip-
cious (archaic), likely (rare), proper (ar- ing, tales (pi.); spec, chit-chat, claver,
chaic), shapely, canny (dial.; not Scot.), report or (rare) reportage.
fine, graceful, elegant, delicate, etc. gossip, V. i. converse, talk, tattle, tittle-
Antonyms: see homely. tattle, chatter, prattle, clatter; spec, com-
good-loohingness, n. Spec, comeliness, ment.
handsomeness, beauty, fairness, bonni- gourd, n. cucurbit (tech.), calabash (chief-
ness, prettiness, daintiness, goodliness, ly spec); spec, pumpkin, squash, cusha,
seeiminess (archaic), sightliness, person- crookneck, Hubbard, luffa, melon.
ableness, shapeliness. "Good-lookingness" gouty, o. arthritic (tech.), podagral (prop-
is rare. erly spec).
good nature, kindness (contextual); spec. governess, n. teacher (contextual), tutor-
amiability, cleverness (U. S., colloq.), ess, gouvernante (French); spec, duenna.
bonhomie (French), good humor, good government, n. 1. control (contextual),
temper, grace, complaisance, accommo- gubernation (rare), regency (rare, exc.
datingness. spec), dominion, ordinance (archaic), rul-

J^" Cross references: see Note. goody, a.: righteous. gorger: glutton.
good, interj.: bravo. goody, n.: sweetmeat. gorget: collar.
goodby, n.: farewell. gore: blood, triangle. gormandizer: glutton.
eoodfeliowsiiip; camaraderie. gorge, n. : throat, stomach, ravine. gory: bloody.
good-humored: good^^rtatured. gorge, v.^: surfeit, devour ^crowd. gorze: furze.
goodish: good, considerable. gorge, V. i.: gormandize. got-up, a.: affected.
goodly: considerable. gorged: full. gourmand: epicure.
good wlU: cordiality. gorgeous: bright, showy. gourmet: epicure.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

206
 GRAMMARIAN
ership (rare); spec, discipline, self-govern- gracious, a. 1. See acceptable.
ment, autonomy. 2. kindly (contexttial); spec, affable^ good-
Antonyms: see anarchy. natured, complaisant, condescendmg.
2. Referring to some particular made or Antonyms: see curt, surly.
system of organization and governing: spec. 3. Referring to God, Christ, or the Virgin
archology (the science; rare), politics, pol- Mary: mild (archaic or poetic), benignant,
ity (learned or tech.), regimen, economy, benign.
duarch^ or (a bad spelling) dyarchy, diar- gradual, a. 1. gradational, gradatory
chy, triarchy, tetrarchy, pentarchy, hept- (rare).
archy, heoatontarchy, timocracy, dynasty, Antonyms: see abrupt, sudden.
gerontocracy, gynsecocracy, gynarchy, gy- 2. See SLOW, gentle.
nocracy (rare), kingship, regency^ protec- graduate, n. alumnus (masc), alumna
torate, democracy, hierocracy, hierarchy, (fern.); spec, postgraduate.
hagiocracy, theonomy, hetaerocracy, stra^ graduate, v. t. 1. laureate (hist).
tocracy (rare), logocracy, mesocracy, 2. See pass, classify, calibrate.
hamarchy, communalism, dulooracy, im- graft, 71. I. In horticulture: scion (tech.),
perialism, Csesarism, kingdom, fooloc- slip, graff (archaic).
racy (rare), episcopacy, congregational- 2. See GAIN.
ism, methodism. graft, V. t. 1. engraft, ingraft, inoculate,
S. Referring to the governing body: signory graft (archaic), imp (archaic); spec, in-
(chiefly spec); spec, administration, du- arch, bud.
umvirate, triumvirate. 2. get (contextual).
4. See STATE. grail, n. platter, sangrail.
5. In grammar: regimen (tech.), rection grain, n. 1. fruit (contexttial), coryopsis
(rare). (bot.; tech.), berry (chiefly spec), seed (o
goTeTnmental, a. 1. controlling. popular usage; the "seed" boUmicaUy being
2. poUtical; spec, dynastic. the part inside of the husk or hull); spec.
governor, n. 1. See coNTROiiLER. kernel.
2. ruler; spec, regent, viceregent, prefect 2. As a collective sing.: corn (British), ce-
(Roman hist.), president (chiefly hist.), pro- real (tech.); spec, grist, sharps (pi.), hards
veditor (Venetian), reis or rais, satrap, bey, (pi), middlmgs (pi.), cracklins (pi.),
dey, emir, killadar, kehaya, monarch, groats (pi.).
mudir, poUtarch, sirdar, proconsul, podesta 3. As the name of a kind of fruit or the
(Italian), resident, eparch, beglerbeg, bur- plant bearing it: cereal (the more tech.
grave, harmost, toparch, castellan. term), com (British); spec, wheat, corn
governorship, n. Spec, regency, vicege- (U. S.), maize (learned, tech., or
rency, prefecture, etc. British), rye, oats (pi.), spelt, millet,
gown, n. garment (contextual); spec, dress, dhurra, tsamba, cuscus, lentil, ragi, rag-
robe, smock frock, cassock, gaberdine, gee. "Grain" and "cereal" in the ordinary
frock, slip, sack (obs.), peignoir, negligee, narrow use refer only to grasses or their
n6glig6 (French), mantua, caftan, night- fruits; in an extended sense they include
gown, nightdress. others besides grasses, as "peas," "beans,"
grace, n. 1.See favor, mercy, virtue, at- "buckwheat."
tractiveness. 4. particle (contextual), kernel (chiefly
2. Spec, embellishment, elegance, easi- spec), kern (rare).
ness, honor. 5. See measure, texture, disposition.
S. Referring to saying grace at table: spec. 6. Referring to a dye: spec, kermes, cochi-
petition, blessing, thanks. neal.
grace, v. t. become, beautify, endow, 7. Referring to a small hard particle: spec.
adorn. granvde, granulation, sand, granula (rare),
graceful, a. 1. easy, elegant; spec, (of physi- pellet.
cal actions) gainly (rare), sylphlike, sylph- grain, v. t. 1. See granulate, dye,
ine, sylphish, Ughtsome (rare). paint.
Antonyms: see awkward, clttmsy. 2. roughen (contextual), granulate; spec.
2. See APPROPRIATE, happy. pebble.
gracUe, a. slender. The use of "slender" as grammarian, n. grammatist (chiefly dis-
implying gracefulness is erroneous; it is not paraging), grammaticaster (contemptur-
connected wUh the word "grace." ous); spec chorizontes (pi.; Greek antiq.).

.
=
Cross references: see Note. grace, v. t.: beautify, honor. grade, v. t.: graduate, even,
gown, 0, t: clothe. gradate: blend, shade. grade, v. i.: change, shade.
gownsman; cimlian. gradation: series, degree, rank. gradient: slope.
grab, V. t.: seize, capture. grade, n.; degree, class, slope, graf; count.
grab, n.: seizure, clutch. brand, rank, intensity. grainy: grantdar.
IW Notes of Explanation.
207
 GRANARY
granary, n. storehouse (fiontextiud), garner, graphic, a. 1. delineative (a bookish word);
grange {archaic). spec, drawing, pointing, descriptive, pic-
grand, a. chief, fine; spec, grandiose, noble, torial, etching, picturesque, figural, dia^
eminent, majestic, cosmic, magnificent, grammatic.
magnific, elevated, dignified, impressive, 2. See descriptive.
courtly, Miltonic, stately, Michelangel- graphite, n. plumbago (tech.), lead (popu-
esque, grandisonant (rare), splendid, lar).
splendent, large, bombastic, imperial, pa- grapple, v. t. & i. & n. close (chiefly v. i.),
latial, superb. clutch; spec, tackle (U. S.), clinch or
Antonyms: see small, mean, insignifi- clench (TJ. S.), lock, embrace.
cant. Antonyms: see free.
grandchild, n. oy or oe (Scot); spec. grasp, V. i. reach (contextual); spec, clutch;
granddaughter, grandson. —
aU used chiefly with "at" or "after."
grandeur, n. Spec, dignity, impressiveness, grass, n. Spec, cereal, bent, eddish, hay,
glory, magnificence, splendor, majesty, couch, fiorin, fog, drawk, drauk, timothy,
nobiUty, grandiosity, greatness, pomp. redtop, etc.
grandfather, grandparent, belsire (ar- grassland, n. green (rare, exc. spec), sward
n.
chaic), goodsire (Scot, or obs.), grandsire (more literary than "grassland"); spec.
(archaic or dial., exc. of animals), grand- grass-spot, lawn, greensward, pasture,
dad or grandad (childish or in familiar af- meadow, mead (chiefly poetic or dial.).
fection), grandpa or grandpapa (familiar). grassy, a. grasslike, herby; spec, gramine-
grandmother, n. grandparent, beldam or ous, graminaceous, gramineal, gramini-
beldame (archaic or literary), grannam form, swardy, benty, conchy, foggy.
(obs. or dial.), grandmamma (colloq.), grate, v. t. 1. See abrade.
granny (familiar, endearing, or contemptvr 2. emit (contextual), utter (contextual);
oits), grandam or grandame (archaic). spec, grind (used with "oui"), rasp.
grandness, n. fineness; spec, eminence, grate, v. i. 1. See hub.
elevation, dignity, impressiveness, courtli- 2. Referring to the noise: spec, jar, grind,
ness, grandeur. creak, scroop, rasp, screak, scrunch,
grant, v. t. 1. Referring to a request, desire, squeak, crank (rare), stridulate, groan.
etc.: ^ve (contextual) ; spec, allow, indulge, grate, n. frame (contextual); spec, grating,
gratify, satisfy, fulfill, concede, hear, humor. screen, basket.
2. See CONCEDE, give, transpeb, ac- grating, a. 1. rubbing (cf. rub, v. i.).
knowledge. 2. scrapy; spec, grinding, rusty, screaky,
grant, n. 1. Spec, indulgence, gratifica- creaky, scrooping, squeaty, raspy.
tion, fulfillment, satisfaction, concession.grating, n. 1. rubbing (cf. rub, v. i.).
2. See concession, gift, giving, trans- 2. Spec, grind, scroop, screak, creak,
fer, acknowledgment. squeak, scratch, rasp, stridulation.
grantee, n. recipient (contextual); spec. grating, n. 1. frame (contextuxd) grate ,

Ucensee, lessee, releasee, beneficiary, de- (now unusual), grid (chiefly spec); spec.
visee, legatee, concessionnaire (French). grille or griU, crotch (local Eng.), hurdle,
grantor, n. giver (contextual); spec, ceder portcullis, heck (chiefly Scot.), grizzly.
(rare), lessor, releasor, devisor, legator. 2. In optics: gitter.
granular, a. grainy,graniform; spec, gran- grave, n. burial place, hearse (archaic),
ose (rare), granulose, saccharoid, saccha- cell (chiefly poetic),chamber (contextual),
rine. tomb (often spec), sepulcher (more pre-
Antonyms: see massive. tentious than "gj'a!'e")^epulture (archaic);
granulate, v. t. 1. comminute (learned or spec, charnel-house, Davy Jones's locker
tech.), corn (chiefly tech.), grain; spec. (naui. cant), maxisoleum, mastaba (Egypt-
pearl, grate. ology). "Grave" as strictly used applies
2. See GRAIN. only to an excavated cavity in the ground.
granulated, a. Spec, grumous (bot.). gravel, n. 1. stone (contextual; a collective),
grape, n. fruit (contextual), berry; spec. stones (contextual; pi.), chesil (Eng.), grit
cutthroat (local, U. S.), raisin (bat.), (now rare), grail (archaic or poetic); spec.
concord, delaware, niagara, etc. shingle (chiefly Eng.), beach (Eng.), al-
grapelike, a. botryoid (tech.), grapy. luvium, ballast.
f^ Cross references: see Note. grasping: i gratuity: gift.
grandee: magnate. grateful: thankfvl, acceptable. gratulate: congratulate.
grandiloquence: bombast. gratify: please, gladden, grant. grave, a.: important, serious,
granny: goasip. grandmother. gratifying: acceptable, pleasant, dignified, low (in sound), dvU
graph: diagram.. gratis, adv.: freely. (in color).
grasp, V. t.; take, hold, under- gratis, a.: free. gravel, v. t,: stone, disable, dull
stand. gratuitous: free, groundless. plus.

l^W See Notes of Explanation*

208
 GRIDDLECAKE
2.See CALCULUS. Antonyms: see shall, unimportant,
gravestone, n. stone, monument, tomb- MINUTE.
stone; spec, ledger, headstone, footstone, greater, a. more, major (not used with
shaft, cross, etc. "than"); spec, better.
Eray, a. 1. grey {par. spelling, by srnne used greatest, o. 1. most, best (in "best part"),
wUh different implications from "gray"; maximum, maximal.
"gray" is chiefly U. S., "grey" chiefly 2. See EXTREME.
British); spec, grayish, grizzly or grisly, greatly, a. well, vastly (coUoq.), highly,
grizzled, hoar, hoary, griseous (Jearned), hugely, immanely (rare).
blae (obs. or Scot, and dial. Eng.), ashen, greatness, n. 1. See size.
ash-colored, pearly, leaden, lesui-colored, 2. Spec, dignity, distinction, fame, much-
cloudy, clouded, misty, foggy, perse (ar- ness, grandeur, generosity, importance, e<c.
chaic), pearled, leady, frosty, canescent, greed, n. desire, greediness, cupidity, avid-
gray-hau'ed, drab. ity; spec, omnivorousness, avarice, covet-
2. See DEPRESSING, DULL. ousness, graspingness, rapacity, rapa-
gray, v. t. Spec, cloud, pearl, grizzle. ciousness, msatiableness, pleonexia (rare),
gray-haired, a. gray, hoar {literary), hoar- hunger (often fig.), thirst (often fig.), ex-
headed {literary); spec, silver-haired, orbitancy, gluttony.
greedy, a. desirous, cupidous (rare), covet-
graze, v. t. & i. 1. rub {corUextual); spec. ous; spec, avid, avaricious, omnivorous,
shave, brush, raze {rare), scrape, scratch, insatiable, pleonectic (rare), ravenous,
glance. rapacious, grasping, gripple (archaic),
2. <See ABRADE. hungry, thirsty, exorbitant, gluttonous,
graze, n. 1. rub (contextiud); spec, shave, piggish (colloq.), hoggish (vulgar or inlenr
brush, scrape, scratch, glance. sive).
2. iSee ABRASION. Antonyms: see generous.
graze, v. i. 1. feed {contextiud); spec, pas- Greek, o. Grecian (chiefly spec.), Hellenic
ture, browse, depasture {tech.). (chiefly spec), Hellenian (rare), Helladian
2. See TEND. (rare), Helladic (rare); spec. Greekish,
grazing, n. 1. Referring to the act: spec. Dorian, Doric, Ionian, Ionic, Spartan,
pasture {rare), pasturage, depasturation Boeotian, Thracian, Romaic, Italic.
{tech.), depasture {tech.). Greek, n. Grecian (rare), Hellene, Hellenic
2. Referring to what is fed on: pasture, (the language), Greekling (contemptuous).
pasturage, range (U. S.). green, a. 1. Verdant (chiefly spec); spec.
grease, a. fat; spec, lard, axung, tallow, glaucous, porraoeous (rare), citrine or cit-
butter, slush, suet, oil, drippings {pi), trinous, caesious, chlorine or chlorochrous,
dubbing. oUvaceous, oUve, smaragdine.
grease, v. 1. lubricate {literary, exc. spec);
1. 2. See fresh, immature, inexperi-
sj^ec. butter, oil, dub, lard, anoint, gar- enced, ignorant.
nish. green, n. I. vert (her.); spec, viridian, ver-
2. iSee BRIBE. diter, reseda,celadon, mignonette, pis-
greasy, a. 1. fat, unctuous; spec, oily, tachio, bice, corbeau (French).
lardy, yolky {of wool). 2. (See verdure.
2. See SMOOTH, slippery. greenisli, a. green, glaucous, virescent (lit-
great, a. 1. See bio. erary), viridescent (rare).
2. See PREGNANT, LONG, CHIEF, FINE, greet, v. t. 1. address (contextual), receive;
DEEP, GENEROUS, OUTRAGEOUS, EXCEL- spec, accost, salute, hail, welcome.
LENT, IMPORTANT, FAMOUS. 2. See receive.
S. Referring to degree, intensity, etc.: spec. greeting, n. 1. address (contextval), re-
passing {archaic), pronounced, decided, ception; spec accost, salutation, salute,
mighty {rhetorical or chiefly colloq.), vast, hail, ave, welcome, colors (pi.); see re-
fearful (coUoq.), dense, desperate {coUoq.), spect, n.
deuced (slang or colloq.), plaguey (slang), Antonyms: see farewell, goodbt.
devUish (slang), thundering (slang or col- 2. See reception.
loq.), mortal (colloq.), magnificent (obs., greyhound, n. grew or grewhound (Scot.);
exc. as a title or slang), terrible (colloq.), spec, sapling, tumbler.
terrific (colloq.), dreadJful (colloq.), divine griddlecake, n. slapjack {U. S.); spec.
(colloq.) , rousmg. scone, crumpet.
IS" Crass references: see Note. gravity: seriousness, sobriety, greenery: verdure.
graren: engraved. dignity, importance, attraction. greenliom: novice.
gravid: jtregnant. gravy: dressing, juice, greenhouse: glasshouse.
gravitate: descend, tend. greaten: enlarge. gregarious: social.
gravitation: descent, tendency. Grecian: Greek. grewsome: fearful.
IS' See Notes ol Explanation.
209
 GRIDIRON
gridiron, n. grill, brander brand- groove, V. t. channel (contextual); spec, fur-
(Scot.),
iron (dial.), brandreth (obs.). row, gouge, chase, croze, rebate, throat,
grief, n. discomfort (contextval), dole quirk, rifle, dado, ditch (rare), excavate,
(archaic). mill, score.
grieve, V. discomfort (contextual), dis- grooved, a. channeled (contextual); spec.
t.

tress (contextual), pain (chiefly spec), hurt sulcate, guttered, fossulate, canaliculate,
{chiefly s^ec), sadden, sorrow (rare); contorniate, vaUeculate.
spec, agonize, torture, torment, aggrieve, groove- shaped, a. sulciform (tech.).
trouble, oppress, aflBict. grope, V. i. feel, search, grabble (chiefly
Antonyms: see please, gladden. spec), puzzle (onlyfl^.).
grimace, n. face, mow (now rare), mop gropingly, a. blindly.
(now rare); spec, mouth, mug (theatrical gross, a. crass (chiefly spec); spec, big,
slang). bulky, coarse, dense, fat, flagrant, dull,
grimace, v. i. mow (now rare), mop (now stupid, brutal, unrefined, whole, vulgar,
rare); spec, mouth (rare), mug (theatrical obscene, sensual, earthy.
Antonyms: see nice, delicate, refined,
grind, V. t. t. comminute (contextual; FASTIDIOUS.
learned), crush; spec, whet, triturate, mas- grossness, n. crassness; spec, size, bulki-
ticate, crunch, bray, muU (dial, ilng.), ness, coarseness, fatness, flagrancy, dull-
pestle (rare), roll, mill. ness, stupidity, brutality, vulgarity, ob-
2. See ABRADE, SHARPEN, GRATE, OPPRESS. scenity, sensuality.
grind, V. i. 1. comminute (contextual; ground, n. 1. See earth, land, base,
learned), crush; spec, triturate, roU, mill, BASIS, foundation, REASON, EXCUSE,
lap. GIST, pi), DREG, (in pi.), deposit,
(in
2. See TURN, GRATE, DRUDGE, STTTDT. viewpoint.
grit, n. dirt (contextual); spec, sand, gravel, 2. As in "on that ground," etc.: basis,
powder, reason; spec antecedent.
grits, n. pi. grain (contextual; a collective), ground, v. 1. 1. See base, establish, fell,
groats (pi.); spec, oatmeal (a collective; teach.
sing.), hominy (a collective; sing.). 2. In a nautical sense: strand (orig. spec;
gritty, a. dirty (contextiud), calculous (rare); more dignified than "ground"); spec.
spec, muddy, sandy, stony, gravelly. beach, sand, shore (rare).
groan, v. i. 1. moan. groundless, a. causeless (as having no
2. See SUFFER, COMPLAIN, GRATE. valid cause), uncalled-for, baseless, un-
groan, n. moan. founded, ungrounded, reasonless, unsoUd
groin, n. angle (contextual), edge, rib. (rare), gratuitous (chiefly spec); spec.
groom, n. 1. hostler or ostler (orig. spec), misgrounded, idle, unprovoked, unasked,
coistrel (archaic); spec palfrenier (ar- unsought, unsolicited, unjustifiable, wan-
chaic), nagsman (cant), tiger (in livery), ton (willful as well as unjustifiable).
equerry. Antonyms: see reasonable.
2. See BRIDEGROOM. group, n. Spec, assembly, assemblage,
groom, V. t. 1. tend (contextual), fettle combination, block, bunch, family, nest,
(dial.); spec, brush, rub, comb, curry, knot, body, cluster, flock, flight, plejois,
currycomb. division, clump, round, roundlet, bundle,
2. See TIDY. claque, flush, shock, shook, stack, sheaf,
groove, n. 1. channel (contextual); spec. gens, clan, sept, tribe, race, party, clique,
furrow, rut, flute, cannelure, channelure, system, species, genus, variety, horde, or-
canalioulation, sulcus, gutter, chamfer der, class, phylum, kingdom, force, army,
(ohs. or rare), chase, rebate, rabbet, rifle, array, corps, battahon, regiment, com-
croze, mortise, vallecula, cut, score, gain, pany, squadron, battery, fleet, command,
glyph, coulisse (French). glomerule, school, class, etc. "Group" in
2. See ROUTINE. Us originalscTise was a term of the fine arts,

\^ Cross references: see Note. grin: snarl, smile. gristly; cartilaginous.

grief: sorrow. grip, 71.; hold, clutch, control, grizzle, V. t. & %.: whiten.
grievance: complaint. haridle, handbag, handcLas'p. grizzly, o..- grav-
grieve: sorrow. grip, V. t.: seize, clutch, impress, groggy: intoxicated, weak.
grieved: sorrowfvl. control. groomsman: bridesman.
grievous: depressirtg, sad, in- grip, V. t.: hold, close. gropingly: blincUy.
tense, flagrant, aorrowfvl, trou- gripe, V. t: seize, hold, pain, con- gross: bulk.
bleaome. trol, affect. grotesque: funny.
grill: broU. gripe, 71.: hold, control (in pi.), grotto: cave.
grill, grille: grating. pain, colic. grounded: aground.
grim: fierce, etem, fearfvl. gripsack: handbag. groundward: doum.
grime, n.: dirt. grisly: gray, fearful. grounAwoA: foundation, basis,
grimy: dirtu. grist: grain. background.

t^* See Notes of Explanation.

210
 —

GUESS
and referred to an assemblage of two or more guarantee, v. i. undertake, vouch; spec.
persons or objects forming a complete design agree, contract.
or a unit in a design; hence, its use as refer- guarantee, n. t. guarantor; spec, surety,
ring to any aasemhlage considered as a unit. voucher, warrantor, insurer, bailor, bail,
group, a. gentile {as the gentile name), gen- contractor.
tilitiai {rare), gentilitious {rare); spec. 2. guaranty; referring to the act or thing.
family. guaranty, Of the act: guarantee, un-
n. 1.
group, V. t. &
assemble; spec, arrange,
i. dertaking, warranty; spec, security, in-
classify, cluster, clump, tuft. surance, assurance, vouch {archaic),
grove, n. wood {contextual), tope {Anglo- voucher.
Indian), tuft {literary or rare); spec. 2. Of the thing: guarantee, warrant; spec.
pinery, pinetum. security, voucher, agreement, contract.
grow, V. i. 1. live, w;ax {archaic or literary), guard, V. t. i. protect, keep {now chiefly
form; spec, luxuriate, fungus, fungate, spec), ward
{archiac); spec watch, over-
spindle, shoot, vegetate, develop. watch, safeguard, escort, attend, tile
Antonyms: see die. {Freemasonry), patrol, picket.
2. See AKISE, DEVELOP, BECOME, THRIVE, 2. watch, qheck.
ACCKUE, GERMINATE, INCREASE, EXTEND, guard, V. i. watch, ward {archaic); spec.
GENERATE. beware, patrol, sentry {rare).
grow, V. t. produce, raise {referring to guard, n. 1. Of the act or fact: protection,
plants or, If. S., animals), rear {chiefly watch, ward {archaic), keep {chiefly
spec); spec, cultivate. spec); spec custody, escort.
growl, V. i. 1. gnarl {rare), gnar {liierary), 2. Referring to persons: protector, watch,
girn {Scot.); spec, grumble, snarl. keeper {chiefly spec), safeguarder, guar-
a. See COMPLAIN. dian {more formal than "guard"), warden
growl, n. 1. gnarl {rare), gnar {literary), {literary or archaic, exc. spec), warder
girn {Scot); spec, grumble, snarl. {literary or archaic, exc. spec); spec, picket
S. See COMPLAINT. (of one or more), deathwatch, escort, pa-
grown, a. adult, mature {chiefly spec), trol {chiefly collective sing.), watchman,
full-grown; spec. ripe. safeguarder, safeguard, sentinel, sentry
ArUonyms: see immature. {the visual military term), vanguard {col-
growth, n. 1. development, thrift lective sing.), wardsman {rare), cordon
{healthy); spec, germination, increase. Cf. {collective pi.), rearguard {collective pi.).
GROW. 8. Referring to things: spec, protection,
2. production, rearing {chiefly spec); protector, shooter, pad, ward, tsuba
spec cultivation, culture, etc. Cf. grow. {Japanese), button, cowcatcher, pilot
3. Something that has grown: formation, {U. S.).
product; spec, sprout, spire, shoot, flush, i. See CONDUCTOR.
accretion, excrescence, vegetation, sucker, guarded, a. Spec, protected, close, cau-
fleece {in fig. sense of feathery part of tious, careful.
grasses, etc.), stand {relative number on a guardian, n. 1. protector, guard; spec.
given area). C/. grow. custodian.
4. See increase. 2. In law: spec, curator, conservator,
B. adulthood. tutor.
grudge, V. 1. 1. give, begrudge, grutch {rare guardianship, n. 1. care, protection; spec.

or archaic). custody.
2. See ENVY. 2. In law: spec curatorship, tutorship,

grudge, n. ill will. "Grudge" is now rarely tutelage, tutorage, tutory (rare), ward,
vMd of the general feeling of "ill will," hut wardship, roatronage.
raiher of a particular instance, with syno- guess, V. t. &
i. 1. conjecture, surmise, sus-

nyms as follows: grutch {rare), down {col- pect (chiefly spec), jalouse {Scot.), suspi-
log.); spec, spite. cion (colloq. for "suspect"); spec mistrust,
guarantee, v. t. undertake, insure or en- divine, predict, theorize, imagine, foresee.
sure, assure, guaranty (rare), warrant; Antonyms: see know.
spec, secure, vouch. 2. See BELIEVE.

references: see Note. grudging, n.: envy. grumpy, a.: ^tempered, dis-
t^^ Cross
grovel: creep, cringe. gruel, 71.: porridge. satisfied.

groveling: abject. gruesome, a.: fearful. grunt, V. i.: complain.

grub, V. ».; dig, drudge, eat. gruff, a.: rough, surly. guardhouse: shelter, prison.
grub, ». t.: dig, dear, uproot. grum, a.: ill-tempered, euUen. guddle: caich.
grub, n.: lama, food. grumble, v. complain, mut-
i.: gudgeon: pivot.
grubby: dirty. ter, growl, rumble. guerdon: reward.
grume, n.; blood, clot. guerilla: fighter.
grubatake: support.
fS" See Notes of Explanation.
211
 GUESS
guess, n. conjecture, surmise, shot 2. firearm, shooter (colloq.), pelter (hu-
(col-
loq.),surmisal {rare); spec, mistrust, sus- morous); spec, musket, nfle, pistol, re-
picion, cast, divination, prediction, the- volver, matchlock, Gatling.
ory, imagination, foresight. gunboat, n. Spec, tinclad (colloq.).
guesser, n. conjecturer, surmiser; spec. gunner, n. 1. shooter (contextual); spec.
(Edipus (fy.), mistruster, diviner, etc. musketeer, carbineer.
guest, n. visitor; spec, convival (at a feast; 2. artilleryman, artillerist, cannoneer,
obs.), umbra (Roman hist.), shadow (a gun (colloq. or cant); spec, bombardier,
Laiinism), diner, company (a collective), cu'lverineer.
parasite. 3. hunter.
guidance, n. t. direction, conduction, con- gurgle, V. i. & n. 1. guggle; see flow, bub-
duct, pilotage (chiefly spec); spec, steering, ble.
leading, lead, marshaling, manuduction 2. See LATTGH.
(rare), steerage [naut. or rare), escort. gusty, a. unsteady, fretful, puffy.
S. See MANAGEMENT. gutter, n. channel (contextual); spec, can-
guide, V. t. 1. direct, conduct, pilot (chiefly nel or kennel (British).
syec), show; spec, manuduct (rare), guttural, a. 1. throat (the noun used at-
cicerone, lead, run, marshal, steer (naut. tributively).
or fi^.), escort, motion, misdirect, mis- 2. Of sounds: throat, thick, throaty.
guide, rein. guzzle, V. t. consume, drink, bum (slang,
2. See MANAGE, ADVISE. U. S.), ingurgitate (rare).
guide, n. 1. director, directer, conductor. gybe, V. i. & n. shift.
Mercury (fl^.), pilot (chiefly spec); spec. gymnasium, n. calisthenium (rare),
marshaler, leader, cicerone, sightsman gymkhana (Anglo-Indian or transferred),
(rare), steersman, steerer. palaestra or palestra (chiefly Greek antiq.).
2. Referring to things: spec, landmark, gymnast, n. athlete (contextual); spec
lodestar, cynosure (literary), key, clew, contortionist, equihbrist, ropewalker,
clue, thread, directory, index, fence, turner.
screed, trail, trace, guidebook, bridle. gymnastic, a. athletic (contextual), gym-
8. See MANAGER, ADVISER. nic (rare) ; spec. caUsthenic.
guidebook, n. Spec Baedeker, itinerary, gymnastics, n. athletics (contextual); spec
roadbook, ruttier (archaic). calisthenics.
guidepost, n. waypost; spec, fingerpost. gypsy, u. Egyptian, Romanian (rare), Bo-
guiltless, a. innocent, blameless; see in- hemian, Romany (cant); spec Tzigany.
nocent. gypsy, n. 1. Egyptian, Bohemian, caird
Antonyms: see blamable. (Scot.), rom (male; cant), Romany, faw
guilty, a. blamable, nocent (rare); spec (dial. Eng.); spec. Tzigany.
criminal, self-accusing, conscious. 2. Referring to the language: Roman.
Antonyms: see blameless, innocent.
guitar, n. Spec, vina, sancho, samisen
(Japanese), sitar (Anglo-Indian).
H
gullet, n. 1. oesophagus (tech.). habit, n. 1. See dress.
2. See NECK, THROAT. 2. custom, use {chiefly literary or poetic
gully, n. valley (contextual); spec, arroyo for ^' custom^') wont {chiefly literary for
J

(local, U. S.). "custom'^), usage, habitude (rare), con-

gummy, a. gumhke, gummous (rare), suetude {rare), practice, rule; spec,
gummose (rare); spec, mucilaginous. cacoethes, knack, trick.
gun, n. 1. cannon; spec, pompom, big habitual, a. common {contextual), accus-
Bertha (colloq.). tomed, customary, usual, wonted, con-

f^^ Cross references: see Note.
guffaw: laugh.
guggle: gurgle.
guglet: goglet.
guldable: directable.
guild: association.
guile: deceitfulness, deception.
guileful: deceitful.
guileless: simple.
guilt: blame.
guise: costume, appearance, pre~
tense.
gulf: inlet, abyss.
gull, V. t.: deceive, dupe.
gull, n. : dupe.
gully: valley, channel.
gulp: swallow, choke. guy, n.: eccentric.
gumption: common sense. guy, V. t.: ridicule.
gush, D. i.: flow, emotionalize. guy: support.
gush, n.: flow, effusiveness. gyrate, a.: circular,
gushing: flowing, effusive. gyrate, v. i.: revolve,
gust: taste, enjoyment. gyve: shackle.
gust: wind.
gustable: appetizing.
gusto: enjoyment. habiliment: dothing.
gut, n : intestine, abdomen,
. habitable: inhabitable,
channel. habitat: abode.
gut, disemhowel, plunder.
V. t.: habitation: occupation^ obo^,
guttate: drop-shaped. residence.
gutter, V. t: channel. habituate: accustom.
gutter, V. i.: flow. habitude: habit.
guttery: channeled. habituS: frequenter.

[E^^ See Notes of Explanation.

212
 HANDBBEADTH
suetudinary (rare); spec, hackneyed, set- tiq.), impluvium (Roman antiq.), durbar
tled, confirmed, inveterate, great. (East India), sala (Spanish).
Antonyms: see occasional. 4. passage (contextual); spec, corridor,
hack, n. I. See horse. gallery.
2. author (contextiud), drudge, penny-a- hallowed, a. holy, consecrated, blessed.
liner, hodinan (literary); spec, jobber. Antonyms: see unholy.
bag, n. beldam or beldame {literary or hallucination, n. deception, fancy; spec.
rare), witch, harridan (rare). parsesthesia or paresthesia, zooscopy,
Autonyms: see beauty. phosphene, photism, afterimage, photo-
hail, V. t. 1. See greet. gene.
2. call; spec, hollo. halo, n. 1. circle,burr (chiefly spec), aura,
hall, V. i. call; spec, ave, hollo, hello. brough (Scot.; chiefly spec); spec, corona.
hail, n. call; spec, hollo, hello, ave. 2. See GLORY.
hair, n. filament (contextual); spec, bristle, halter, n. 1. Spec, hackamore (17. S.).
hairlet, eyelash, kemp, whisker, villus. 2. For hanging criminals: rope, rope's end,
hair, n. Referring to the natural covering or tether (rare).
coat of hair: spec, frizzle, fur, wool, down, halve, V. t. divide, dimidiate (rare); spec.
thatch (Jig.; hwnorous)^ carrots (red; hu- bisect.
morous or derisive), cnne (rare), beard, ham, n. 1. In quadrupeds: hock.
mustache, pile, grizzle, mane, pubes- 2. thigh; spec, gammon.
cence, wool, pubes. hammer, n. Spec, beetle, maul or miall,
hair, a. pilar (rare), crinal (rare). mallet, tapper, rammer, commander,
hair-dresser, n. coiffeur (French; affected bush-hammer, fuller, woolstock, sledge,
as fashionable), friseur (French; rare); skelper, helve, martel, mash, striker,
spec, barber. plexor, flatte, bucker, gavel, cock.
haired, a. Spec, (her.) maned, crined. hammer, v. t. strike (contextual), beat
hairiness, n. hirsuteness, hirsuties (tech.), (contextual); spec, drive, tilt, ram, draw.
hispidity, crinosity (rare), pilosity (rare). hammer- shaped, a. maUeiform (rare).
hairlike, o. hairy (rare), filamentous; spec. hamper, v. t. hinder, embarrass, trammel
capilliform, capillaoeous (rare), thread- (primarily spec; a stronger word than
like, villous. "hamper"), entrammel (intensive), fetter,
hairy, a. Spec, hairish, hispid (chiefly cumber or encumber (primarily spec);
tech.), bristly, hirsute (learned or literary), spec, clog, shackle.
shaggy, crinite, kempy, comose or comous, hamper, n. hindrance, embarrassment,
pilose or (rare) pilous, peline (rare), pile- encumbrance, encumberment (rare),
ous (rare), rough, tomentose, woolly, trammel.
capillate, capillose, villous, furry, pu- hamstring, V. t. hough, hock; spec, spade.
bescent. hand, n. 1. extremity (contextuhl), manus
Antonyms: see bald, bare. (tech.), paw (in contempt or jocular), pud
halberd, halbert, n. bill; spec, spontoon, (a child's word), daddle (dial.), mauley
brown bill, lochaber, battle-ax. (slang), famble (slang); spec fist, forefoot.
half, n. moiety (legal or formal); spec. 2. jSee AGENCY, OWNERSHIP, CONTROL,
hemisphere, mediety. ABILITY, HANDWRITING, SIGNATURE,
haUbreed, n. Spec, mestizo (masc), mes- WORKER, EMPLOYEE, SIDE, POINTER.
tiza (fern.), mulatto, mule. 3. In cards: spec, dummy, flush, straight,
half-fledged, a. pin-feathered. full house, carte blanche, crib, etc.
halfpenny, n. bawbee (Scot), make handbag, n. grip (colloq.), gripsack (col-
(slang), mail (obs. or hist.). loq., U. S.); spec, portmanteau (chiefly
hall, n. 1. See abode. British), Gladstone bag or (for short)
2. building (contextual); spec, dormitory, gladstone, satchel, carpetbag, suitcase,
casino, college, burse (Eng.), pantheon, carryall (Eng.), scrip, cachet (French).
prytaneum (Greek antiq.). handbook, n. manual, vade mecum (Lat-
3. room (contextvjil) , hallway; spec, ante- in), enchiridion (learned); spec guidebook.
room, lobby, divan, atrium (Roman an- handbreadth, n. palm.

|^= Cross references: see Note. halcyon; calm. hallowed; holy.

hack: chop, cough. hale, a,: healthy. hallucinate; delude.
haggard; thin. hale, V. t.: draw, hallucinatlTe; deceptive.
haggle, V. i.: chop. half-baked: crude. halt, V. i. & n.: stop.
baggie, v.i.: cavil, bargain. half-blooded: hybrid. halt, a.: disabled.
hailstone: pellet. half-hearted; depressed, i halt, V. i.: limp.
hairless; baXd. sincere, tiTnid. hamlet: village.
haijrsplittlng, a.: caviling. halloa, hallo, halloo: hollo. hampering: hindrance.
hairsplitting, n.: refinement. hallow: consecrate, observe. hand, v. i.: deliver.

IC^^ See Notes of Explanation.

15 213
 —

HANDBRED
handbred, a. Spec. cade. hanger-on, n. dependent, parasite, bur or
handclasp, n. grip, clutch, grasp. burr (fl^.); spec. cUent.
handful, n. I. gripe (J.ocal, Eng.), fistful; Antonyms: see supporter.
spec. wisp. hanging, a. 1. dependent; spec, pendulous,
2. See PEW. pendulant (rare), decumbent, flaggy, pen-
handicap, n, 1. See contest. dent or pendant, pensile, penduline (rare),
9. penalty (cant). drooping, dangling.
handicap, v. t. penalize (cant); spec, weight. 2. supporting, suspensory, suspensorial.
handkerchief, n. wiper (rare), wipe hanging, n. 1. dependence, danglement
(slang), sudarium or sudary (primarily (rare).
spec; a bookish word), fogle (slang), rag 2. execution (contextucH); spec, gibbet.
(cant or slang); spec. Barcelona (obs.), 3. See DRAPERY.
bandanna, Madras, foulard, romal (Mex- hangman, n. Jack Ketch (a popular
ico and southwestern U. S.), vernicle. name), ketch (colloq.).
handle, n. grip, stale (dial, or tech.); spec. happen, v. i. 1. See occur, chance.
spindle, handstaff, crop, snead (chiefly 2. With an indirect object: chance (now
Scot. <fe dial.), grasp, brake, helm, haft, rare), bechance (rare), betide (only in 3d
loom, helve, lug, hilt, snath or snathe, person, and mostly in "woe betide"), befall
bow, bail, tiller, stalk; ear, pahn, crutch, (archaic).
withe, shaft, sally, tote, tale (rare), 3. come, fall; spec, strike, stumble; with
rounce, pull, crank. "on" or "upon."
handle, v. t. 1. touch (contextual), paw harangue, n. address (contextual), decla-
(chiefly spec, contemptuous), hand
or mation, speech; spec, rigmarole; see
(rare), manipulate; spec, feel, fumble, tirade.
finger, thumb, fist, palm, gentle, man- harass, v. t. distress (contextual), badger;
handle, smooth. spec, dragoon, heckle, curse, beset, worry,
2. haft, hilt, helve. annoy, gall, harry, haggle, embarrass, af-
S. See MANAGE, TREAT. flict, depress.
handled, a. ansate (rare). Antonyms: see comfort, protect.
handling, n. touching (contextual); spec. harassed, a. distressed (contextual); spec.
manipulation, thumbing, fingering, con- hagridden.
trectation (rare). harbor, n. 1. See refuge.
hand-propelled, a. manumotive (rare). 2. port, haven (a word now becoming liter-
hand-shaped, a. maniform (rare); spec. ary); spec, mole, cothon, seaport, portlet,
palmate. bunder (Anglo-Indian).
handwriting, n. chirography, paw (colloq. hard, a. 1. firm, solid (as opposed to what is
or jocular), scription (rare), scripture "fluid," "gaseous," or "liquid"), rigid (as
(rare), fist (jocular or cant), script, hand, opposed to "pliable," soft"), sclerous
caUigraphy (primarily spec); spec, char- (tech.), indurated, dure (literary), dour
acter, cacography, graphology, penman- (Scot.), untender (rare); spec, adamantine
ship, courthand. (chiefly literary or tech.), resistant (rare),
hand-written, a. manuscript. stony, marble, iron, steely, icy, flinty,
hang, V. t. 1. suspend, depend (rare); spec. brazen, brassy (often fl^.), dintless, rocky,
dangle, drape, droop, swmg, sky (cant). etc; see rigid.
2. execute (contextual), patibulate {humor- Antonyms: see soft.
ous; nonce); spec, gibbet, truss (rare), super- 2. See (in almost numberless secondary or
collate (rare and ludicrous), noose, halter. figurative uses) energetic, difficult,
hang, V. i. 1. depend, suspend (rare); spec. alcoholic, austere, cruel, unfeeling,
dangle, lop, dingle-dangle (intensive), stingy, sevdre, violent, stubborn,
stream, flow, trail, droop. harsh, strong, tight, firm, etc.
2. die (contextual), swing (colloq.). harden, v. t. & i. 1. firm (chiefly tech. or
8. Spec, impend, hover, lean. literary), soUdify; spec steel, Dutch, im-
4. See FLY, STICK, ATTEND, DELAY, STAY. marble (rare), stone (rare), enharden
hang, n. 1. Spec, dangle (rare), drape, (rare), indurate, braze, callous,
crust,
droop. chill, Harvey, Harveyize,crisp, congeal,
2. See ABILITY, FIT. freeze, case-harden, vulcanize.

1^^ Cross references: see Note. hanker: desire. happy-go-Iucky, adv.: cas-
handclap; applause, moment. hap, n.: chance, accident, event. ually.
handcuff: manade, haphazard, n.: chance. hara-kiri: suicide.
handicraft: art, trade. haphazard, adv.: casually. harangue, d. i.: declMm.
handiness: convenience, skill. happiness: gladness. harbinger, n.; forerunner, pred-
handsel: earnest, foretaste. happy: glad. [ing. ecessor.
hank: coil. happy-go-lucky, a.: easy-go- harbinger, v. £.: signify.

US' See Notes of Explanation.

214
 HARPT
Antonyms: see soften. tain phrases), bad (a mild word), hurtful,
3. tougnen, inure, indurate, callous (rare). injurious, noisome (chiefly spec), malefi-
S. Referring to the feelings, morals, etc.: cent (chiefly literary), malefic (chiefly
obdurate (rare), obdure (rare), indurate, spec), .mischievous; spec, damaging, bale-
callous (fig.); spec, sensualize, brutalize, ful, inimical, dire, direful, feu, baneful
Molochize (nonce word)^ savagize (rare), (poetic or rhetorical), pestuerous, malig-
braze or brazen (rare), stiffen, confirm. nant, sinister, sinistrous (rare), noxious,
Ariionyms: see soften. nocent (rare), deleterious, destructive,
hardiness, n. 1. See boldness. disadvantageous, imfortunate, pernicious,
3. strength, endurance, robustness, stur- etc.
diness, stoutness, vigor, toughness. Antonyms: see beneficial, harmless.
hardy, ado. I. Spec, severely, harshly (cf. 2. See INJURIOUS (referring to harm to
SEVERE, HABBH). legal rights).
2. scarcely, barely, merely, just. harmless, a. hurtless, iU-less (rare), inno-
hardness, n. 1. firmness, solidity, indura- cent, innocuous (now chiefly stilted, exc.
tion; spec, adamant, etc., sclerosis, scir- spec), innoxious (rare), safe, inoffensive,
rhosity. vmharmful (rare), unhurtful (rare); spec.
3. Spec, austerity, cruelty, etc. (c/. Atrs- woundless (rare).
TERE, CRUEIi, etc.). Antonyms: see harmful.
hardly, a. 1. See bold, courageous. harmonious, a. 1. See agreeable, con-
3. strong, enduring, robust, robustious, sistent, SMOOTH, ORDERLY.
sturdy, stout, tough, rugged. 3. harmonial (rare), harmonic (more tech-
Antonyms: see delicate, weakly. nical than "harmonious"), symphonic or
hare, n. Bawd (a dialect proper name, like symphonious, consonant, spheral (poetic),
"Reynard" for the fox), cutty (Scot.), puss melodious, smooth (contextual), concin-
or pussy (as a quasi proper name), wat nous (rare), tunable (rare), tuneful, mu-
(now chiefly dial?); spec, leveret, leparine, sical, concordant, undiscording (rare);
lagimorphic. spec, sympathetic.
harem, n. seraglio, serail (rare); spec. Antonyms: see inharmonious, discord-
zenana. ant.
harlot, n. prostitute (chiefly spec), courte- harmonize, V. i. 1. See agree, sympa-
san (rather euphemistic), harlotry (chiefly thize.
literary; often used as a term of opprobrium 2. tune, chime, blend, chord.
for a woman), trull, meretrix (rare), harmonize, v. t. I. attune, melodize, con-
whore (now becoming vulgar), limmer cent (rare).
(Scot.), strumpet; spec, hetaera or hetaira 2. unite, reconcile, conform.
(Greek antiq.), street walker, night walker. S. See adjust, adapt.
harlot, o. 1. meretricious (chiefly spec). harmony, n. 1. See agreement, con-
2. See LEWD. sistency, unity, smoothness, order.
harlotry, n. prostitution (esp. for hire), 3. smoothness (contextual); spec, melody,
strumpetry; spec hetserism, hetairism. concert (now rare), tune (as in "in tune"),
harm, n. 1. evil, hurt, ill, injury, damage, le- chord, cadence, concord, monochord
sion (literary, exc spec, in med.), mischief, (rare), concent (archaic), consonance,
execution (chiefly in "to do execution"), chime, descant (historical), concentus (lit-
scathe (archaic; chiefly as a generic sing.), erary), symphony (literary), unison, diapa^
grame (archaic); spec, bale (literary), dese- son, diaphony, organum, faburden (hist.).
cration, abuse, bane, waste, breaking, Antonyms: see discord, discordance.
beating, misfortune, ruin, etc. 8. Referring to a literary work showing con-
3. Referring to the violation of legal rights: sistency of parallel passages: spec, diates-
see INJURY. saron.
S. See detriment. harness, v. t. hitch (U. S.); spec, saddle,
harm, v. t. 1. hurt, injure, damage, scathe inyoke, yoke, span, inspan (Sovih Africa),
(archaic); spec, abuse, desecrate, break, trap.
beat, waste, etc. Antonyms: see unharness.
Antonyms: see benefit. harp, n. Spec, clairschach (CeHic), kar
3. Referring to legal harm: see injure. noon.
harmful, a. 1. evil, ill (now chiefly rhetor- harpoon, V. t. strike, peg (cant),
ical, exc. as occurring in proverbs or in cer- harpy, n. 1. demon (contextual); spec.

^" Cross references: see Note. hardihood; boldness. haik, harken, v. t: hear.
hardened: insensible^ aban- harebrained: changeable, care- harlequin: buffoon.
doned. less, rash. harness, n.: equipment.
hard-liearted: unkind, cruel. hark, harken, v. t.: listen. harp, V. i.: dwdl.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

215
 .

HARROW
ASllo, Ocypete, Celaeno or Podarge; — powder {colhq.), drive, post, hurry-
their number, however, being variously scurry.
given. Antonyms: see delat.
2. See EXTORTIONEE. hastily, adv. quickly, hurriedly, expedi-
harsh, o. 1. Spec, rough, acid, acrimoni- tiously; spec, hotfoot, post (archaic), post-
ous, dure {literary), bearish, brutal, rude, haste, rashly, recklessly, helter-skelter,
churlish, hard, unkind, ungenial, sharp, hurry-scurry, etc.
crude, coarse, brute, brutish, intender hasty, o. quick, hasteful (rare), hurried,
(rare), sour, severe, blunt, round, astrin- precipitate; spec, precipitant (rare), ex-
gent, acrid, rugged. peditious, rash, brash, iimning, hot-
Antonyms: see gentle, blanb, uncttj- headed, rapid, passing, cursory, abrupt,
ous. helter-skelter, pell-mell.
2. Referring to sounds: cacophonous {rare Antonyms: see deliberate.
or learned), unmelodious; spec, metallic, hat, n. chapeau (French); spec, cap, derby
brazen, hard, hoarse, strident, iron, sca- (U. S.), bowler (Eng.), billycock (Eng.),
brous (rare), raucous, unsweet {rare), rag- gibus, sombrero, sundown (17. S.), sugar
ged, discordant, grating. foaf, turban, castor, squam (U. S.),
Antonyms: see smooth, sweet. wideawake, tiara, (slang), petasus,
tile
harshness, n. Spec, hardness, cruelty, kausia, leghorn, dicer(slang), slough
crudity, crudeness, unkindness, ungen- (slang), shovel, mushroom (slang), felt
tleness, acidity, astringency, dissonance, (colloq.), garibaldi, miter, turban, mitra,
raucity {rare), etc. busby (Brit.), shako, capeUne, copintank
harvest, n. 1. yield, product, harvestry, (obs.), Dolly Varden, caubeen (Irish),
crop, gather {rare); spec, vintage, rabi chapeau-bras (French), kiss-me-quick,
{Anglo-Indian) jerry, Christie (Canada).
2. See PRODUCT. hat, V. t. Spec. cap.
harvest, v. t. crop {rare), reap {primarily hatband, n. Spec, weeper (slang or colloq.).
spec); spec, glean, hay, vindemiate {rare), hate, n. This word, as distinguished from
crop. "haired," denotes especially the actual feel-
Antonyms: see sow. ing or emotion; while "haired" denotes es-
harvester, n. harvestman, reaper; spec. pecially merely the attitude of mind. The
gleaner. word "hate" was becoming rare or poetic;
harvest home, maiden {Scot.), kirn but since the beginning of the World War
{Scot). has become common again. See hatred.
harvest queen. Spec, harvest doll, kirn Antonyms: see compassion.
baby {Scot.), maiden {Scot.). hate, V. t. dishke (contextual), abhor, de-
has-been, n. quondam {obs.). test, execrate, abominate; spec, loathe.
haste, n. quickness, hurry, precipitation hateful, a. 1. disagreeable (contextual);
or precipitancy, precipitance {rare), speed, spec, spiteful, rancorous; see malevo-
festination {rare), rush {headlong haste; lent.
often in a slang way, any haste), press, ex- 2. disagreeable (contextual), offensive,
pedition, dispatch, expeditiousness; spec. cursed, abominable, detestable, odious;
posthaste {rare as a noun), rashness, bus- spec, spiteful, annoying, invidious.
tle, hustle, impetuosity, hastiness. Antonyms: see kindly, kind, apathetic,
Antonyms: see deliberation. aepable, apfectionate, agreeable,
hasten, v. t. quicken, hurry, dispatch, compassionate.
speed, lu-ge, press, hurry-scurry, precip- hatred, n. dislike, hate, abhorrence, heart-
itate, express, festinate {rare); spec, rush, burn, detestation, execration; spec, malev-
spur, crowd, bundle, hustle. olence, malignity, enmity, abomination,
Antonyms: see detain, retard. odium. See hate.
hasten, v. i. quicken, go, hurry, press, hie Antonyms: see affection, compassion,
{archaic or poetic), dispatch, expedite, for- LOVE.
ward, haste {literary); spec, scorch, fleet, haughtiness, n. arrogance, morgue
hustle {colloq.), spurt, rustle {colloq.), fly, (French), hauteur (French, but nearly An-
clip (colloq.), race, spur, wing, crowd {ar- glicized), fiertfi {French; rare), etc.
chaic or rare), scurry, run, peg (colloq.), haughty, a. proud (contextual), arrogant,

^^ Cross references: see Note. hatch, engrave, inlay.

V. t.: haul: draw.
harrow; plunder, distress. hatch, iTwubaie, devise.
V, t.: haulm: stalk.
harry: plunder, distress. hatch, generate.
V. i.: haunch, n.: hip, guarter, coxa.
hash, s. t.: comminute. hatch,n.: offspring. haunt, 71..* resort.
hasp, n,; clasp. hatch,n.: door, gate. haunt, V. t: frequent, obsess, at-
hassock: tuft, footstool, hatchment: escutcheon. tend.
hastiness: hatts. hatchway: doorway. haunting; recurrent.

t^° See Notes ol EzplanaAlQfU

216
 HEALTHT
lordly, supercilious, overproud, hoity- headache, n. Cephalalgia (tech.).
toity ifamuiar or deprecating). headband, n. band, vitta (literary); spec.
Antonyms: see appable, agreeable, fillet.
HUMBLE, SERVILE. headdress, n. headgear, coiffure (F-'ench),
have, possess, hold; spec.
V. t. 1. own. head tire (archaic); spec, barb, chignon,
Antonyms: see lack. cob, bridle, tower, butterfly, stephane,
2. See GET, EXPERIENCE, ENJOY, EXER- commode, headcloths (pi.), capuchon,
CISE, ENTERTAIN, REMEMBER, BEAR, KEEP, polos, pouf (French), fontange (French),
DEFEAT, STATE, LEARN, CAUSE, EFFECT. tutulus, hennin (hist).
hawk, n. Jack {male; chiefly spec); spec. headed, a. Referring to plants: spec, cap-
eyas, brancher, buzzard, kite, windhover, itate, capitellate, kerned.
falcon, harrier, gerfalcon, haggard, hobby, heading, n. 1. See front.
sore, lanner, interinewer, stamel, lanneret, 2. Referring to part or all of a book, manu-
kestrel, henharrier, henhawk, goshawk, script, etc.: spec, title, head, caption
tercel or tiercel, tercelet or tiercelet, saker, (chiefly U. S.; rather tech. or learned),
sakeret. lemma (learned), capitulary (rare), rubric.
hawk, V. t. sell, peddle, cry. headland, n. head (mostly in place names),
hawker, n. seller, dealer, peddler; spec. foreland; spec, promontory, cape, cliff,
colporteur. bluff, escarpment, ness (mostly in place
hawking, n. falconry (chiefly spec). names), reach (obs. or U. S.), peak (local),
hazard, dan- horn (rare), nook (rare), tongue, spit,
n. Spec, chance, adventure,
ger, stake, bunker {golf). hook, reef, maze (rare).
haze, n. 1. Spec cloud, gauze {rare), fog, headless, a. acephalous (tech.).
mist, smoke, fume, miasma, pall, smother. headlong, a. headfirst; spec, pell-mell,
2. See OBSCURITY, dimness. hurry-scurry.
hazy, a. 1. dim {contextiud), thick, misty, headpiece, n. hat; spec, casque (now poetic
cloudy, smoky, foggy, fumy; spec, mias- or hist.), crest, helmet, headstall.
matic. headship, n. primacy (dignified), suprem-
Antonyms: see clear. acy spec, chieftaincy, captaincy, chief dom.
;

2. iSee DIM, indistinct. heal, V. i. Spec, incarn (rare).

head, n. 1. headpiece {archaic or coUoq.), health, n. soundness, haleness (rare), eu-
nob {slang), noddle {colloq. or jocular), crasy (rare), healthfulness (rare), tone
mazard {archaic and jocular), garret (chiefly spec), euphoria (rare), sanity (ar-
{slang), poll (obs., exc colhq., dial., or in chaic, exc. spec), heal (Scot.); spec vigor,
"poll tax." etc.), pate {chiefly depreda- hardiness.
tory), pash (obs.), sconce {archaic and Anionyms: see unhealth.
jocular), knob {slang), costard {contempt- healthful, a. 1. Referring to things: bene-
uous or humorous), coxcomb {humorous; ficial, healthsome (rare), wholesome,
chiefly spec), brain (fi^.), top {coUoq.), salutary, salutiferous (rare), salubrious
pow (Scot, and dial.); spec, occiput {tech.), (chiefly spec), healthy (o use avoided by
sinciput {tech.), calvarium {tech.), jowl, some); spec, laudable.
gorgoneion, skull, face. Antonyms: see unhealthful, patho-
Antonyms: see tail. logic, poisonous.
2. Referring to the hair of the head: crop 2. Referring to persons: see healthy.
(slang); spec, mop, bush, shock. health resort, sanitarium, sanatorium,
8. See understanding, person, individ- .sanatarium (an erroneoiis/orm). There is
ual, FRONT, antlers, BOW, SOURCE, HEAD- no etymological reason for making a dif-
ING, FORCE, FOAM, PROTUBERANCE, TOP. ference between these terms, yet many do so.
4. chief; spec, leader, dean, conductor, The distinction, however, has not become an
paterfamilias, provost, master, prsepos- established usage, and the words are so much
itus, hegumen (eccl.), mother (eccl.), su- it is very difficult to remember
alike that
perior (eccl.), cream, face. which is which.
5. Referring to an inflorescence: spec, ca- healthy, a. 1. Referring to persons: sound
pitulum (tech.), spike, glomerule, cabbage. (now used chiefly in the predicate), hale

ISF" Craw rcfertncts: see Note. haycock: heap. headgear: headdress.

haven: harhar, refuge. hazard, n.: chance, venture, dan- headsman: chief, executioner.
haversack: bag. ger, stake. headstrong: obstinate.
having: 'posaession. hazard, v. t.: endanger, venture. headway: advance, motion.
havoo: devastation. haze, V. t.: abuse. heady: obstinate, intoxicating.
hawse, n.: bow (jtron. bou). head, a.; chief. heal: cure.
hawser: rope. head, v. t.: behead, lead, oppose, healable: curable.
hay, n.; fodder. top, direct. healall: panacea.
hay, 0. i.:harvest. headfirst: headlong. healing: curative.

fS" See Notes ol Explanation.

217
 . . . — —

HEAP
{chieflyspec), sane {rare, exc. spec), heartily, adv. cordially, sincerely, inly.
healtUul (o use avoided by many), hy- heart-shaped, a. hearted, cordiform, cor-
geian {rare); spec, well, lusty, hearty. date, carcQoid; mostly tech. or learned.
Antonyms: see ailing, mMHEAi/THY. heartwood, n. duramen {tech.).
2. See HEALTHFUL {referring to things), hearty, o. 1. cordial {chiefly spec), sin-
GOOD. cere; spec. deep.
heap, V. t. 1. pile, coacervate {rare); spec. 2. strong, vigorous, robust; see heai/tht.
stack, cop (dial. Eng.), clamp {tech.), Antonyms: see ailing.
dess (Scot.), hill, huddle, mound. heat, n. 1. caloric {archaic or literary),
2. See GIVE, BESTOW. caloricity {archaic or literary), fire {spec
3. Referring to that on which things are or fig.), fieriness {spec, or fig.); spec hot-
heaped: spec, overfill, pile, cumber. ness, fierceness, warmth, warmness, tor-
heap, n. 1. accumulation {contextiud), cu- ridity, ferventness, fervidity or fervidness
mulus {rare), coacervation {rare); spec. or {more commonly) fervor {literary), cal-
huddle, pile, entassement {rare), imbrog- orie, glow.
ho {rare), hill, moUnd, tumulus, moun- Antonyms: see cold.
tain, ruck, stack, cop {Eng.), barrow, 2. See excitement, ardor, pit, acrid-
cairn, cache, bing, mow, haymow, rick, ity, glow, fever, frenzy, agitation,
hayrick, cock, haycock, haystack, dump, round, height.
kitchen-midden {archceology), clam. heat, V. t. 1. calorify {rare), calify {rare or
2. See DEAL. obs.), fire {spec or fig.), enchafe {archaic
heaped, a. tumulary {rare), cumulate {cori- and literary), hot {colloq. or illiterate);
textual), massed {contextual). spec bake, warm, inflame, bum, broil,
hear, v. t. t. perceive {contextual), Usten, scorch, calcine, decrepitate, incandesce,
hark {attentively; literary), hst {archaic), stove, superheat, mull.
drink {u^ed with "in"), catch, hearken Antonyms: see cool.
{poetic); spec, forebear {rare), mishear, 2. See excite, inflame.
overhear, receive. heat, 11. i. calorify {rare), warm {chiefly
2. See DISCOVER, grant, try. spec); spec, incandesce.
hear, v. i. perceive; spec, listen, hark {chief- heated, a. 1. Spec warm, fiery, broiling,
ly as an imperative or interj., or literary or sizzling, burning, etc.; see hot.
poetic), hearken. Antonyms: see cold.
heard, a. auricular (learned) 2. See excited, angry.
hearer, n. auditor, audient {rare), listener; heater, n. Spec, calefactory, pome, stove,
spec, pittite. etna.
hearing, n. 1. Referring to the faculty or heathen, a. ethnic (literary); spec, gentile,
sense: audition {tech.), ear {often spec; in pagan, infidel, unchristian, paganish,
sing. only). heathenish, barbarous.
2. Referring to the opportunity or privilege heathen, n. Spec, gentile, pagan, infidel,
of being heard: audience. paynim, gen too.
3. See TRIAL. Antonyms: see Christian.
4. sound, earshot, ear, range {contextv/d) heathendom, n. heathenism, ethnicism
hearse, n. 1. See grave. {learned), heathenry, infidelity (rare),
2. Spec, catafalque. heathenesse {archaic); spec, pagandom,
hearse, v. t. enhearse or inhearse {rare); paganity {rare), gentilism.
spec, bury, shroud. heather, n. ling {northern Eng.); spec.
heart, n. Spec mind, soul, reins {pi; a Bibli- brier, briar, white heath.
cal use), spirit, feeling, courage, tempera- heathery, a. heathy, lingy.
ment, center, essence, breast, meaning. heating, a. calescent, calorific, pyrogenio
heart, a. pectoral {tech. or learned). {rare), calefacient, calef active or calefac-
heartburn, n. 1. cardialgia {tech.). tory {rare), calorifacient, incalescence;
2. See HATRED, distrust. all, exc "heating," learned or tech.
heartful, a. deep, cordial {now rare w Antonyms: see cooling.
learned); spec. dear. heating, n. calefaction {rhetorical or tech.);
hearth, n. 1. fireplace, hearthstead {rare); spec incalascence {rare), warm {colloq.),
spec, hearthstone. warming.
2. See FIREPLACE, FORGE. heaven, n. 1. In a physical sense: sky {in
C^ Cross references: see Note. hearten: cheer, encourage, em- heartstrings: feeling.
hearken, v. t.: hear. bolden, heartwhole: cordial.
hearken, v. i.: hear, listen. heartless; unfeeling, cruel, cold. heath: moor, heather. [agitate.
hearsay: report. heartrending; heave, v.t,: lift, raise, utter, throw,
heartache: sorrow. heart-sick: depressed, heave, v. i.: rise, swell, retch.
heartbreak; sorrow. heartsore: sorrowful. heave, n,: lift, rise, wave.

|@° See Notes of Explanation.

218
 ——
HELMSMAN
pi. with "the," spec.; in sing., chiefly ivith archaic), highness (rare), celsitude (rare;
"the," spec), firmament (now poetic or chiefly fig.); spec, altitude, head.
rhetoriau), cope (literary), welkin {archaic Antonyms: see abyss, depth.
or dial.), sphere (poetic); spec, canopy, 2. Referring to distance from the top to bot-
empyrean, hyaline (poetic), crystalline. tom: celsitude (humorously affected or
2. Referring to the abode of the blessed: grandiose), taUness, loftiness; spec, alti-
spec. Paradise (chiefly poetic), Zion (Bib- tude, stature.
lical), Canaan (chiefly devotional); spec. Antonyms: see depth.
Asgard (Scandinavian religion), Elysium 8. Of a high place: elevation.
(Greek religion). 4. Referring to the greatest extent or degree
Antonyms: see hell. of something, as heat, feeling, etc.: top, apex,
8. See DEITY, HAPPINESS. noon (fig.), culmination, climax, vertex,
heavenliness, n. heavenhood (rare), celes- pinnacle, pitch (rare), crown, meridian,
tiality (rare), celestitude (humorous). summit, acme, zenith; spec, heyday, heat,
beavenly, a. 1. celestial, uranic (rare); stress, flush, ne plus ultra (Latin), sub-
spec, ethereal, empyreal or empyrean. limity (rare), sum, perfection, consumma-
Antonyms: see terrestrial. tion.
2. divine (contextual), celestial, supernal Antonyms: see depth.
(Kterory), heavenlike; spec, ethereal (po- heighten, n. 1. elevate (by raising).
etic), elysiao (Greek religion). Paradisiac 2. See STRENGTHEN, INTENSIFY, AGGRA-
cal. Paradisiac, Paradisaic, Paradisaical, VATE.
Paradisial, Paradisian, Paradisic (rare), heir, n. inheritor, heritor (rare), heiress
Paradisical (rare), Olympian (Greek re- (Jem.), inheritress or inheritrix (fern.),
Olympic (rare), angelic.
ligion), heritress or heritrix or heretrix (fern.);
Antonyms: see infernal, devilish, spec, representative, heir apparent, mas-
WORLDLY. ter (Scot.), coheir, coheiress, coparcenej,
heavenward, a. 1. up, upwards, aloft, sky- parcener.
ward. heirsliip, n. inheritance, heritance (rare);
Antonyms: see downward. spec, coparcenary, coparcenery, copar-
2.Zionward (rare). ceny, parcenary.
heaviness, n. I. weight, heft (dial, or coU hell, n. I. Referring to the place of the de-
log.);, spec, ponderousness, ponderosity. parted souls: spec. Sheol (Hebrew), Hades
2. See depression, depth, dullness, etc. (Greek), shades (Latin), underworld,
Cf. HEAVY, a., 2. grave (with "the"; fig.), inferno (usually
heavy, weighty, hefty (dial. Eng. and
a. 1. taken in sense 2, below), Elysium (Greek).
or dial. U. S.), sad (dial., exc. in
colloq. 2. As the place where the damned are tor-
comb, or in spec, uses, as "sadiron"), mented: spec, abyss, inferno (now chiefly
leaden (fig. and intensive); spec, ponder- in allu^n to Dante's "Inferno"), Tar-
ous. tarus (Greek), Gehenna (Hebrew), pit (with
Antonyms: see light, airy. "the"; often called "the bottomless pit").
2.See BURDENSOME, BASS, OPPRESSIVE, Hades (an erroneous use, chiefly by way
DULL, DEPRESSED, SOBER, LOW, IMPOR- of a euphemistic oath), Pandemonium
TANT, STUPID, SLEEPY, COARSE, CLOSE, (Greek), Tophet (fig.), malebolge.
STIFF, ABUNDANT, DISTRESSING, VIOLENT, Antonyms: see heaven.
DEPRESSING, CLOGGY, LOUD, MASSIVE, 8. See DISTRESS.
STEEP, STRONG. helm, n. tiller; primarily the steering gear
Hebrew, a. Semitic, Jewish, Judaic, He- as a whole.
braic, Israeltish, Israelitic. helmet, n. headpiece, helm (archaic or po-
Hebrew, n. Semite, Jew, IsraeUte, Israel etic), casque (now only hist., poetic, or
(collective pi.). French); spec, crest, skullcap, sallet,
hedge, n. 1. hedgerow, haj[ (archaic); spec. salade, burgonet, basinet, morion,
buMnch (Eng.), frith, quickset. heaume.
2. jSee BARRIER. belmeted, a. 1. galeated (rare).
hedge, evade, dodge, trim; spec, tem-
v. i. 2. Zool.; spec, galeated.
porize, straddle (coUoq.). helmet-shaped, a. galeated; spec, casside-
height, n. 1. elevation, eminence (poetic or ous, cassidiform; all three teamed or tech.

I^r Cross references: see Note. heed, notice, care.

v. i.: heft, n.; weight, bulk.
hecatomb; slaughter. heed, n.: notice, attention con^ heft, V. (.: lift.
heckle: harass, question. sideration, care. helical: s-piral.
hectic: flushed. heedful, a.: attentive, careful. helix: sviral.
hectic, n.: consumptive. heedless, a. : disregardful, careless. hellish: infernal, desUish.
hector: bully. heel, V. t.: arm. hello: hdlo.
heed, v. t.: notice, consider. heel, V. i.: follow. helmsman: steersman.

(9=* See Notes of Explanation.

219
 .; —

HELPFUL
helpful, a. aiding (contextual); spec, as- hereafter, adv. henceforth, henceforward.
sistant, contributory, aidful (rare), tur- Antonyms: see now.
thersome (chiefly Scot), beneficial, com- hereditament, n. 1. heritage (chiefly
fortable, favorable, auxiliary, serviceable spec), patrimony, heritance, birthright,
see COOPERATIVE. inheritance; spec, heirloom.
Antonyms: see hindering, ruinous. 2. See INHERITANCE.
helpless, siUy (archaic), unhelpful (rare),
a. hereditary, a. 1. inheritable, heritable,
impotent; spec, defenseless, naked, aban- transmissible, descendant or descendent,
doned, blank, prostrate, resourceless, descensive (rare); spec, transmissible, pa^
shiftless. trimonial.
Antonyms: see ingenious. 2. Referring to disease, traits, etc.: herit-
hem, V. i. 1. sew (contextual), hemstitch; able, transmissible.
spec, table (naut.). heredity, re. transmission; spec, telegony.
2. See surround. heresy, re. unbeUef, heterodoxy, dissenting,
hemisphere, n. semiglobe (rare), semi- recusancy; spec. Lollardism, Lollardry,
sphere (rare). LoUardy.
hemp, re. Spec, bhang (India), hashish cfr Antonyms: see orthodoxt.
hasheesh, hards. heretic, re. unbeliever, heterodox (rare),
hempen, n. hemp (the noun used attribur recusant, dissenter; spec. Lollard, infidel.
lively), hempy. Antonyms: see believer.
hen, n. bird (contextual), fowl (contextual), heretical, a. unbelieving, heterodox, dis-
biddy (colloq.); spec, sitter, pullet, pou- senting (chiefly spec), recusant.
lard. Antonyms: see orthodox.
hence, adv. 1. away (contextual), hereout hermaphrodite, a. bisexual; spec, gynan-
(rare), herefrom (rare). drous, androgynic, androgynous.
Antonyms: see here. hermit, re. recluse, solitaire (rare), solitary,
2. See therefore. anchoret, anchoress (Jem.), hermitess
heraldic, a. armorial. (fern.); spec eremite, Guillemen (hist.),
heraldry, re. Spec, blazonry. ascetic, Hieronymite, marabout.
herbaceous, a. herbous (rare). hernia, a. rupture (less tech. than hernia),
herbage, re. vegetation (contextual), herb ramex (obs.); spec, epiplocele, exompha/-
(rare or poetic), verdure. los, bubonocele.
herbarium, n. hortus siccus (Latin), her- hero, re. 1. (See demigod.
bary. 2. heroine (Jem.), protagonist (literary);
herbivorous, a. poephagous (rare); spec. spec lion, paladin.
granivorous, graminivorous. herringlike, a. harengiform (rare).
herby, u.. herbose; spec, grassy. herself, pron. her (now poetic or dial.).
herd, n. 1. Spec, drove, troop, rout (rare), hesitate, v. i. 1. stop, pause, scruple (chief-
pack, game (obs. or rare); see flock. ly spec); spec, halt, stand, falter, waver,
2. See CROWD. stickle, stick, doubt, crane (colloq., En^.),
herd, v. i. 1. associate (contextual); spec. trifle, boggle, demur, shrink, shilly-
pig, crowd. shally.
2. drove (referring to the action of a drover) Antonyms: see continue.
herder, n. herdsman (the usual term for a 2. See PALTER.
male herder), herd (chiefly in composition); hesitating, a. undecided (contextual),
spec, ranchero (U. S.), gooseherd, shep- doubtful (contextual), indecisive, hesitant,
herd, shepherdess, pasturer (rare), pastor hesitative, hesitatory (rare); spec, sus-
(rave), pastoress (rare), pastoral (rare), pensive (rare), faltering, scrupling, falter-
herdess (rare), herdboy, cowboy (U. S. ing, etc.
and colonial Eng.), goatherd, cowherd, Antonyms: see assured, dogmatic, cer-
hayward, neatherd, vaquero (Western tain, DECIDED, ready.
U. S.). hesitation, n. 1. doubting, doubt, uncer-
here, adv. 1. hither (literary or affected), tainty, indecision; the four being context-
hitherward or hitherwards (archaic). ual senses; spec, stop, stick, stickle, boggle,
Antonyms: see hence. scruple, stand, shrink, falter.
2. See NOW. 2. See PALTER.

f^^ Cross references: see Note. herald, n.: crier, predecessor. heritable: hereditary.
helter-skelter, adv.: about, herald, v. t.: announce, forerun. heritage: hereditament.
confusedly, hastily. herb: plant. heritance: hereditament, heir-
helter-skelter, a.: hasty. herd, v. t.: drive, tend, gather. ship.
helve: handle. herd, n.: herder. heroic, a,: brave, extreme.
hem, ». i.: cough, falter. hereafter, n.: future. heroic, n.: poem, bombast.
hem, n.: edge, border. heretofore: before. hesitant: hesitating.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

220
 HILL
heterogeneous, iinhomogene-
a. diverse, Antonyms: see indicate, advertize, an-
ous {rare), diversified, miscellaneous, nounce, PROCLAIM, confess, DISCLOSE,
mixed; spec, omnigenous, hybrid or (rare) expose.
hybridous, indiscriminate. hiding, n. concealment, cover, celation
Antonyms: see homogeneous. (rare; chiefly spec); spec, disguise, occult-
hezahedral, a. Spec, cubic, cubical, cubi- ation (rare or chiefly astron.), eclipse, cov-
form, cuboid, cuboidal. erture, latitation (rare).
biatus, n. gap (contextual); spec, lacuna Antonyms: see disclosure, indication,
(tech.), blank. SHOW.
Uocup, n. hick (rare); spec, (as the name of Iiigh, a. 1. elevated, lofty (often rhetorical
the ailment) hiccups (often construed as a or poetic), eminent (poetic or archaic);
sing.), singultus (tech.). spec, towering, mountained (poetic),
hidden, a. t. Referring to physical things: aerial, soaring.
hid (chiefly predicative), concealed, cov- Antonyms: see low.
ered, covert (obsolescent), secreted, secret 2. Referring to distance from top to bottom:
(chiefly archaic or poetic, exc. spec), dem lofty (often rhetorical or poetic), tall.
(archaic or Scot.); spec, close, cloaked, Antonyms: see low.
masked, screened, ensconced, planted 8. Referring to a price: fancy, stiff (slang);
(cant), enshrouded, obscure, obscured, spec, costly.
occult (rare), latent (rare), latitant (rare), 4. Referring to sounds: high-pitched,
recondite (rare), undiscovered, clouded, high-toned, acute (chiefly music and pho-
cloudy, suppressed, veiled, blotted, shad- netics); spec, shrill, sharp, piercing,
owed, shrouded, overlaid, stored, obum- cracked, creaking, intense, forceful, rank.
brate (tech.), dark, blind, disguised, lurk- Antonyms: see low.
ing, snug. 5. See arbithabt, arrogant, extreme,
Antonyms: see apparent. strong, exalted, angry, northern,
2. Referring to things seen (perceived) by southern, late, ancient, loud, im-
the mind: hid (chiefly predicative), inward, portant, abstruse, pleased.
concealed; spec. covered, screened, Iilgher, a. upper, superior, supernal (liter-
shrouded, obscured, disguised, mysteri- ary).
ous, mystic or mystical, oracular, occult, Antonyms: see lower.
esoteric, covert, latent, secret, clandes- highest, a. I. Referring to place: upper-
tine, cryptic, surreptitious, underhand or most, supreme (rare), top, summit.
underhanded, sly, blind, illegible, unin- Antonyms: see lowest.
telligible, insidious, lurking, private, 2. Referring to degree, rank, etc.: supreme,
fraudulent, unknown, unacknowledged, superlative, utmost, crowning, consum-
unavowed, etc. mating.
Antonyms: see apparent, clear, un- Antonyms: see lowest.
concealed. highest, n. Spec, meridian, maximum,
hide, V. t. I. Referring to physical objects: zenith.
conceal, cover; spec, mask, cloak, bemask highlander, n. Spec, hillsman, mountain-
(rare), stow, screen, bescreen, secrete, eer, tartan.
ensconce, plant, shroud or enshroud (lit- high priest, pontiff (literary or rhetor-
erary), den (chiefly reflexive), obscure, oc- pope (Roman Catholic), proto-
ical); spec,
cult (rare), disguise, protect, bury, cloud, papas or protopope (Greek Church).
becloud, earth, suppress, veil, embosom, hill, n. 1. elevation, ascent, rise, rising; spec.
bushel blot, burrow, shadow,
(rare), monadnock (chiefly U. S.). knoll, fiUock,
eclipse, overlay, store. mound, knob (chiefly U. S.), know (Scot.),
Antonyms: see disclose, expose, in- highland, dune, down, hummock, holt,
dicate, SHOW. monticule, mount (poetic or archaic),
2. Referring to things seen by the mind: mountain, butte (western U. S.), drum
spec, bury, hoard, gloze, eclipse, sweeten, (local or geol.), swell, ridge, kop (South
repress, smother, omit, cavern, den, Africa), kopje (South Africa), drumUn,
earth (poetic, rhetorical, or cant). See also steep, hilltop, hillside, Alpine, Himalayan.
definition, 1, above. Antonyms: see hollow, valley, plain.
13^ Cross references: see Note. hidebound: narrow. highland: plateau, hill, moun-
heterodoxy, a.: heresy. hideous: ugly, horrible, abom- tain, [ual, refined,
heterogeneity: diversity, dif- inable. high-minded: arrogant, epirit-
ference. hie: go. high-priced; costly.
hew: chop, fell. hieratic: priesUy. high-sounding: prete7itiou8
heyday: height, prime. high-flown: bombastic. bombastic.
hibernate; winter. high-handed: arbitrary, will- high-spirited: spirited.
hide, n.: akin. ful, domineering. high-strung: spirited.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

221
 —
HILLY
X iSeeHEAP. hire, n. reward, pay; spec salary, wages,
hilly, a. rising {contextual); spec. knoUy, wage, compensation, rent, stipend (ar-
hilfish, hillocky, mountainous, moun- chaic, exc. Scot.), bribe, freight. "Hire" as
tainy [rare or colloq.). a noun is now chiefly archaic.
Antonyms: see plain. hired, a. mercenary (now spec), paid;
hind, a. hinder {in reference to two), pos- spec, hackney.
terior, rear, rearward {rare), postjacent hireling, n. mercenary (now spec); spec.
(rare), posterial (rare); spec, posticous, myrmidon.
hindmost, after, behind. hiss, V. i. Spec fizz, fizzle, sifHe, hizz (rare),
Antonyms: see pore. sibilate, siss (dial, and col., U. S.), sizzle,
hinder, v. 1. 1. delay, retard, impede {prop- sizz (chiefly U. S.), goose (theat. cant), spit.
erly spec); spec, embarrass, restrain, ob- hiss, n. Spec, fizz, fizzle, siss (dial. Eng.
struct, clog, encumber or cumber, discour- and colloq., U. S.), sizzle, sibUation, siffle
age, belate, hamper, bar, check, counteract. (rare), spit.
Antonyms: see expedite. hissing, a. sibilant, sibilous (rare).
2. See PREVENT. historian, n. historiaster (in contempt);
hindering, a. 1. delaying, impedimental, spec memorialist, biographer, logog-
impeditive {rare); spec, obstructive, cum- rapher (Greek antiq.), chromcler, histori-
bering, cumbersome, etc. ographer.
Antonyms: see helpful, contributory. historic, historical, a. Spec, authentic.
2. See preventive. "Historic" is chiefly used of what consti-
hlndermost, a. last, back, hindmost. tvies history; "historical," of what relates
hindrance, n. hinderanoe {rare) hindering, , to history.
let (archaic), remora (rare), delay, delayal historicize, V. t. record (contextual), his-
{rare), retardation, impediment (properly torize (rare), historify (rare); spec, cele-
spec); spec. embarra.9sment, obstruction, brate. "Historicize" is rare.
obstructive, cumbrance, encumberment, history, n. 1. See narrative.
encumbrance, incumbrance, discourage- 2. account (contextual), record, story;
ment, cramp, debarrent (rare), clog, draw- spec, memorials, memoirs, historiette,
back, hamper, hampering, counteraction, anecdote, commentary, chronicle, biog-
check, difficulty, contrariety, bar, balk, dis- raphy, autobiography, career, genealogy,
advantage, impedance (elec), shoe, brake, prehistory.
etc. 3. historiology.
Antonyms: see aid, contribution. histrionics, n. pi. theatricals.
Hindu, n. Indian, gentile (rare) or gentoo; hoard, v. t. hide (contextual), accumulate
spec Mahratta {man), Mahratti, Hindu- (contextual), store, save; spec, miser
stani. (rare), treasure (chiefly with "up").
hinge, n. 1. joint (contextual); spec, butt, hoard, n. accumulation (contextual), store,
strap. savings (chiefly spec); spec, treasure (of-
2. See center, crisis. ten fig.).
hip, n. 1. Referring to one side only: thigh. hoard, n. fence; spec billboard.
"Thigh" and "hip" are not proper syno- hoarse, a. 1. throaty, thick, husky; spec.
nyms, but are often used as synonymous. roupy, croaking.
2. Referring to both sides taken together: Antonyms: see clear.
haunch (chiefly spec), coxa (tech.; rare); See harsh.
2.
spec rump. hoax, n. deception (contextual), quiz (now
hip, a. ischiadic, ischial, sciatic, ischiatic; obsolescent), hum (slang or colloq.), hum-
all tech., "sciatic" being the more usual term. bug (rare; now chiefly spec), cod {slang),
hipped, a. hipshot. gammon (slang or colloq.), string (slang),
hire, V. t. engage, employ, buy (fig.);
1. get, sell (colloq.), trick, take-in; spec, canard,
spec fee, bribe, ship, job, hack, charter, gag, jolly, josh (slang), rig.
lease. "Hire" emphasizes the idea of the hoax, V. t. deceive (which see), trick (which
payment to be made. see), sell (colloq.), gammon (colloq.), hum
Antonyms: see but, discharge. (slang or colloq.), string (slang); spec, rig,
2. See LET (a use of "hire" not recognized josh (slang), joUy, gag (cant or slang), kid
as good usage). (slang).

f^^ Cross references: see Note. hint, intimate.

V, t.: hispid: hairly, bristly.
hilt: handle. hipped, a.: depressed. histrionic: theatric(d, deceitfid.
hind: postfrior. hippish, a.: depressed. hitherto: b^ore.
hinder: posterior, hipshot, a.: hipped. hive: swarm.
hindermoBt: last. hipshot: dislocation. hoar: gray, old.
hin^e, V. %.: turn, depend. hirsute: hairy. hoary: gray, old, frosty.
hint, n.: intimation, tip, trace.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

222
 .

HOLY SPIRIT
hookey, n. bandy or bandy ball (rare), shin- holiness, a. 1. sanctity {learned), sancti-
ny; spec, hurley, polo. tude {rare), sanctanimity
{rare), sinless-
hod, n. Spec, boss (a plasterer's term). ness, perfection, saintUness, sanctimony,
hoe, n. sarcle (o Latinism); spec, scuffler, hallowedness, consecration, sanctification.
scuffle, hacker. Cf.holy.
hoc, V. t. cultivate {contextual); spec, weed, 2.hallowedness (c/. hallowed).
scuffle. hollo, V. i. hollow {rare or obs.), holla {rare
—
hoist, n. 1. See raise; referring to the act. or obs.), hello {by many considered undig-
2. elevator {which see); spec, crane, gin, nified; a form which arose about 1880),
shears, derrick, teagle, sling, whip. hallo, halloo {esp. used as a hunting term
hold, V. t. t. keep, retain; spec, grasp, or of shouting to call attention), halloa
clasp, grip, pin, gripe, clip (rare or ar- {rare); spec. soho.
chaic), pinion, clutch, embrace, fasten, hollow, a. 1. Spec, cavernous, cavemu-
fix, look, cramp, catch, seize, bite, stay. lous, cavitary {rare), cellular, porous, eon-
2. Referring to a meeting: conduct. cave, cuppy, holey, empty, dimply.
S. contain, receive; spec, carry, accom- Antonyms: see convex, protuberant,
modate, stow. PROJECTING.
4. See HAVE, KEEP, CONTEOIj, OBSERVE, 2. Referring to a sound: reverberated,
OCCUPY, MANAGE, ABSORB, DETAIN, RE- empty, sepulchral, deep, muffled.
STRAIN, ENTERTAIN, CONSIDER, BIND, Antonyms: see solid.
CARRY, CHECK, DECIDE. S. See INSINCERE, EMPTY, UNFEELING.
hold, V. i. Spec, cling, cleave, stick {as to hollow, n. depression {contextual), hole,
one's post), adhere {as to one's opinions), concave, hollo wness {rare), incavation
fasten. {rare); spec, dish, sinus, bosom, cove, cup,
hold, n. 1. keeping, retention; spec, grasp- pocket, dimple, sag, dip, oupule, delve
ing, gripe, grip, clasp, anchor (Jig.), bite, {literary), basin, pan, bowl, sink {U. S.),
clutcn, purchase, embrace, handholdj scoop, excavation, punty or ponty, punt,
holdfast, control, possession, seizure. kick, arch, trou^, vola, valley, conch,
2. Referring to the thing that holds: spec. conceptacle, countersink, indentation,
lock, mortise, clutches {pi.), grip, cinch. scrobicule, pit.
3. See CLAIM. Antonyms: see projection, hill, ele-
4. Referring to a thing that one may hold vation, PROTUBERANCE.
to: holdfast; spec, nail, lodgment, foot- hollow, V. t. excavate, concave; spec, dish,
hold, horn, rooting. gull {tech. or dial.), recess, slot, pit, cham-
holder, n. 1. holding; spec, handle, chuck, ber, scoop, tunnel, cup, cave {rare), cav-
port-crayon, holdfast, container, case, zarf ern {rare), etc.; see indent.
a. See POSSESSOR, owner. Antonyms: see emboss.
holdfast, n. hold, holder; spec, tentacle, taollow-backed, o. Referring to a horse:
sucker, disk. sway-backed.
holding, n. property {contextual), tene- hollowed, a. incavate {rare), depressed;
ment, tenantry, tenancy; spec. feu. spec, cupped, chambered, etc.
bole, n. Spec, void, cavity, perforation, Antonyms: see protuberant.
hollow, fenestra (anat.), crater, slot, cell, hollowness, n. 1. Of the state: cavity, con-
cranny, chamber, interstice, eye, pore, cavity, depression, emptiness; spec, cellu-
Eorosity, depression, eyelet, mesh, bore, losity, porosity, sunkenness, cuppiness, etc.
ye, concave, cave, pit, den, chasm, abyss, 2. See emptiness, insincerity, falsity.
gulf, leak, vug, box, mortise, sinus {anat.), holly, n. hollin or hollen {archaic or dial.),
Umber {naut.), denehole {archmology), Christmas {fig.); spec, yapon, toyon.
well, finger, burrow. holy, a. 1. sinless; spec, saintly, sainted,
Antonyms: see projection. hallowed, blessed or blest, sanctified
boley, a. holy {rare or dial, variant); spec. {rare), consecrated.
gulfy, cuppy, crannied, chinky, porous, Antonyms: see sinful.
chambered, etc. 2. See hallowed, devout.
holiday, n. t. See festival. holy spirit. Paraclete, Comforter {aUvding
2. Spec, playday, playtime, vacation. to John xiv: 16), Third Person {theol.).
holiday, a. festal, ferial {rare). Dove {fig.).
K^" Cross references: see Note. hobnob: drink, associate. hold, 71.: cavity.
hobble, V. i.: falter. hock: hamstring. hold, V. i.: apply.
hobble, V. t.: shackle. hocus-pocus: deception. holocaust: sacrifice, destntc
hobble, n.: gait. hodgepodge: stew, mixture. Hon, slaughter.
hobby: horse, fad. hog: swine, beast, glutton. holograph: autographic.
hobbyish: faddish. hoity-toity, n.: frolic. holophrastic: concise.
hobgoblin: bogy. hoity-toity: frivolous, haughty. holy: holey.

IW See Notes of Explanation.

223
 —

HOMAGE
homage, n. Spec, comt, devotion, cult credit, ornament; spec, distinction, crown,
{formal or literary). glory.
home, a. 1. Spec, family, domestic, home- Antonyms:see discredit.
ward, homing. 3. Referring to what is bestowed in order to
2. See INTIMATE. honor: spec, ornament, title, distinction,
home-bred, a. plain, rude; see tjncttlti- dignity, decoration, compliment, worship,
VATED. reverence.
homeless, a. Spec, outcast, harborless honor, v. t. 1. dignify {contextual); spec.
(archaic or literary), houseless. adore, worship, idolize, idolatrize, grace,
homielihe, a. homish {less dignified than hallow, credit, decorate, compUment.
homelike), homely {archaic), homy or Antonyms: see violate, contemn, de-
homey {colloq.); spec, intimate, simple, spise, DISCREDIT.
plain, unpretending. 2. a note,bill, etc: accept, pay.
Referring to
Antonyms: see contentional, stiff, honorable, good {contextual), worthy;
o. 1.
FORMAL. spec, worshipful, admirable, famous, es-
homely, a. 1. See domestic, simple, tin- teemed, respected, noble, elevated, repu-
PBETEKTIOUS, UNCULTIVATED. table.
2. plain, ill-favored; spec, unpretty, un- Antonyms:
see discreditable.
personable {rare), unlovely, featureless See CONSCIENTIOUS, JUST, upright,
2.
{rare), uncomely {rare), coarse, ugly, virtuous, sincere, creditable, re-
homespim. spectable.
Antonyms: see good-looking. honoring, n. dignification {contextual);
homemade, a. Spec, homespun. spec, worship, idoEzation, hallowing, cred-
homicidal, a. murderous; spec, bloody, iting, decoration, comphment.
patricidal, matricidal, etc. hood, n. 1. The garment for the head and
homicide, n. 1. murder {obs. or hist., exc. neck: spec capuche, capuchin, calash
spec), manslaughter {chiefly spec); spec. {hist.), coif, cowl, trotcozy {Scot.).
matricide, parricide, patricide, regicide, 2. Any of various contrivances: spec, can-
sororicide, fratricide, suicide. opy, chimneypot, calash, blower.
2. manqueUer (archaic), manslaughterer hooded, a. cucuUate {tech.).
{chiefly spec), murderer {ohs. or hist., exc hoodoo, n. 1. curse.
spec); spec, parricide, patricide, matri- 2. Of what brings had luck: spec, genius
cide, sororicide, fratricide, suicide, regi- {used with "bad"), jinx {slang), Jonah
cide. {fi^.; colloq.).
homogeneous, a. aUke {contextual; post- Antonyms: see charm.
positive), uniform, like; spec, same, sim- hood-shaped, a. cucuUate {tech.)
ilar, congruous, consubstantial {learned hoof, n. ungula {tech.); spec, cloot {Scot,
or tech.), unigenous {rare). and died. Eng.), dewclaw, coffin.
Antonyms: see heterogeneous. hook, n. 1. Spec uncus {tech.), hamus
honest, a. good, moral; spec, just, right- {tech.), uncinus {tech.), gaff, cleek {Scot.),
eous, square, sound, direct, frank, up- buttonhook, fishhook, slingdog, dog,
right, conscientious, sincere, genuine, agraffe, crotchet, tug, strike, clasp, clamp.
pure, virtuous, uncorrupted, incorruptible. 2. See headland.
Antonyms: see dishonest. hook, V. t. Spec, strike {to hook a fish).
honesty, n. goodness, probity, morality; hook-beaked, a. uncirostrate, hamiros-
spec, justness, justice, righteousness, up- trate; both tech.
rightness, virtue, purity, etc hooked, a. 1. See hook-shapbd.
Antonyms: see dishonesty. 2. Provided with a hook or hooks: hamose-
honey, n. 1. nectar {poetic or flg.). or hamous {both rare), hamate or {rare)
2. iSee SVITEETNESS, LOVABLENBSS, DEAR. hamated {tech.), hamular {tech.), hamu-
honey, a. melleous {rare), mellaginous late or hamulose (both rare).
{rare), mellic {rare). hook-shaped, a. hooked, hooklike, unci-
honey- bearing, a. melliferous (rare). nate (Reamed or tech.), unciform {learned or
honor, n. 1. iSee dignitt, fame, con- tech.), uncinal {learned or tech.), ancistroid
STANcr, uprightness, virtue, chastity, {tech.); spec, unguiform.
JUSTICE, POSITION. hoopskirt, n. skirt {contextvM) hoop {col- ,

2. Referring to what does one credit: loq.); spec, crinoline, farthingale.

K^" Cross references: see Note. homology: correspondence. hoofed: ungulate.

home: abode, goal. hone: whetstone. hoop, 71.: ring.
homespun: homemade, coarse, honorarium : fee. hoop, V. t: hind.
homely, arilese. hoodlum: rowdy. hoot, n.: cry.
homologate: confirm. hoodoo, V. t.:curse. hoot, V. i.: cry, jeer.
homolog;ize: correspond. hoodwink: blind, deceive. hoot, 7). t.: assail, drive, express.

JCS' See Notes ol Explanation.

224
 .

HOSTILITY
hope, n. feeling (contextual), desire {am^ spec), horrendous (rare); spec. Gorgonian
textual), expectation, anticipation; spec. (Jig.), horrisonous.
trust, belief. AnUmyms: see assuring.
Antonyms: see pear; also cf. hopeless. 2. In weakened sense: see wicked, out-
hope, v. t. <fei. desire (contextual), expect, rageous, MONSTROUS, ABOMINABLE.
anticipate; spec, trust. horse, n. 1. steed (literary or rhetorical);
Antonyms: see despond. spec, pad, prancer (cant or, as used of any
hopeful, a. expectant, anticipative, an- horse, slang), caple or capul (formerly
ticipatory; spec, sanguine, rosy, roseate, chiefly poetiad; now dial. Eng.), dobbin,
fond, sangumeous (rare), optimistic, courser (rhetorical), charger, bidet (Hil-
melioristic. ary), hobby (archaic or historical), cock-
Antonyms: see apprehensive, hopeless. tail or curtal, Bucephalus (fig.; poetic or
hopeless, a. 1. depressed (contextual), un- rhetorical), weed (slang or cant), screw,
hopeful (rare); spec, abject, despondent, neigher (rare), crock, prad (slang), geegee
disconsolate, despairing, despairful, des- (colloq.), pony, barb, daisy-cutter (cant),
perate, forlorn. cob, stepper (colloq. or slang), clipper, jade
Antonyms: see buoyant, hopeful. (coniempluious) hack, rip (slang or coUoq.),
,

8. Referring to things: spec, abandoned, skate (slang), p\ug (colloq. or slang), pinto
desperate, irredeemable, ^retrievable, in- (Western V. S.), mustang (17. S.), nag,
curable. mount, remount, rouncy (archaic), runt,
hopelessness, n. Spec, despondence, de- jennet or genet, roadster, naggy, staUion,
spair, desperation, etc. mare, colt, foal, filly, gelding, pot (cant),
horizon, n. circle (contextual), sky line, plater (cant), palfrey, Pegasus, punch,
verge (rare). kyang, Percheron, hunter, thoroughbred,
horizontal, a. flat, even (rare, exc. spec.), gigster (rare), hackney, clicker, saddler
level. (colloq., U. S.), Hambletonian, Waler
Antonyms: see vertical. (Anglo-Indian), Galloway, drayhorse,
horizontal, n. flat, level. Houyhnhnm, galloper, dweller, balker,
horn, n. U Spec, antler, spike, branch, fiUer, rosinante, roarer, whistler, thriller,
dag, broach, cornicle. wheeler, leader, rogue, Turk, Arab, tar-
8. Referring to wind instruments: spec.
Can, tit (obs. or rare), trotter, pacer, am-
saxhorn, althorn, saxophone, saxtuba, ler, runner, rider, roan, chestnut, sorrel,
bugle, conch, cornet, cornet-^pistons gray, bay, black, ginger, grizzle, stalking-
(French), krummhorn, etc. orse, dun, cayuse, ass, mule, ninny, ze-
3. Spec, cornucopia, crest, end, alterna- bra. The term "horse" is specifically used
tive, corner, beak. of an adult gelded male as distinguished
4. keratin. from a "stallion," "mare," or "coU."
horned, a. 1. cornigerous (tech. ) , cornuate or 2. As a collective pi.: cavalry.
cornuted (literary); spec, crescent-shaped. S. Spec, clamp, jack, hobbyhorse, clothes-
2. See cuckolded. horse, sawhorse.
hornless, a. Referring to cattle or sheep, horse, v. t. mount; spec, remount.
etc.:spec.muley, hummel or humble(<Sico<.), horseman, n. rider, pricker (archaic);
dodded (dial. Eng.), polled, pollard. spec, cavalryman, chevaUer (hist, or ar-
horn-shaped, a. corniform (learned). chaic), knight (hist.), hussar, gaucho, yeo-
horny, a. corneous (tech.); spec, hornish, man (EngTj, demilance, jockey.
cornified, keratose (tech.). horsemanship, n. manage or manage
horologist, n. Spec, clockmaker, horolo- (French); spec, equitation.
ger, watchinaker. horses, n. pi. horseflesh (a collective).
horoscope, n. ascendant, nativity, geni- hospital, n. infirmary (chieflji/ spec.); spec.
ture (rare). fermary (obs. or hist.), cockpit, lazaretto or
horosoopist, n. genethliac (rare) lazaret, pesthouse, valetudinarium, sani-
horrible, a. 1. alarming (which see), horri- tarium or sanatorium.
fying, horrific (bookish), horrid (now rare hospitality, n. xenodochy (rare), cordial-
in this sense), shocking, hideous (rare, exc. ity (contextual).
tW Cross references; see Note. horrify: frighten, shock. host: sacrifice, element, enter-
hop: leap, dance. horror: tremble, fear, abhor- tainer.
hopper: chute. rence, aversion; (in pi.) delir- hostage: pledge.
horal: hourly. ium tremens. hostel: inn.
horde: group, crowd. horsy, n.: groomy. hostelry: inn.
horologe: timepiece. hortation, n.: exhortation. hostess, n.: landlady.
horrent: brietly, bristling. hortative, a.: exhortatory, ad- hostile, a.: unfriendly, opposed,
horrid: briatlino, repellent, visory. hostile, n.: enemy.
abominable, offensive, bad. hospitable, a.: cordial. hostility: unfriendliness, oppo-
horrific: horrible, shocking. host: army, multitude. sition; (in pi.) war.

IS" See Notes of Explanation.

225
 HOT
hot, a. 1. heated (ccmtextual) , ardent (liter- hub, n. 1. nave, block.
ary), torrid, fervid (Kierarj/), fervent (liter- 2. See CENTER.
ary); spec, parching, roasting, incandescent hue, n. cast (obsolesc), tone (more technical
or candent, fiery, flaming, boiling, sweltry. than "hus"), blee (archaic); spec, com-
Antonyms: see cold. plexion.
2.See EAGER, ANGRY, ARDENT, EXCITED, hull, n. 1. pericarp (tech.); spec, husk,
ACRID, VIOLENT, PUNGENT. glume, chaff (a collective), bran (a collec-
hothead, n. madbrain, hotspur. tive), shell, pod, rind, bur or burr, skin,

hound, n. 1. dog (contextual); spec, beagle, shuck, bark, shale (archaic or rare),
dachshund, talbot, limer (archaic), leash flight, palea, lodicule, bract, scale, calyx,
hound, bloodhound, kibble, great Dane. legume, silique, peel, capsule, glumelle
2. iSee WRETCH. (rare), stone, putamen.
hour, n. 1. bell (naut.), ghurry (Anglo- 2. See BODY.
Indian). hull, V. t. strip (contextual); spec, pod,
2. time (contextual); spec, prime (ecd.), sheU, husk, shuck, decorticate, peel.
matin (eccl.), laud (ecd.), complin (ecd.), hum, n. Spec, croon, bum (chiefly dial.),
vespers (pi.; ecd.). bumble, burr, murmur, thrum, Combina-
hourly, a. 1. horal (rare), horary (rare). tion (rare), boom, buzz, whiz, drone, bom-
2. See CONSTANT, FREQUENT. bus (med.).
house, n. 1. building (contextual), dwell- hum, V. i. 1. Spec, croon, bum (chiefly
ing (contextual); spec, court, cottage, cot dial.), burr, thrum, bombinate (rare),
(chiefly poetic), hovel, bungalow, shack, bombilate (rare), boom, buzz, whiz,
ch&teau, hutch, shanty, hut, dome (po- drone, murmur.
etic or rhetorical), barn (fig.), barrack, bar- 2. See SING.
racoon, kennel, shed (poetic), rabbitry, human, a. Spec, hominal (not. hist),
cabin, ranch (U. S.), rancho (Spanish), hominine (rare), humam'stic, earth-born
box, lodge, gatehouse, humpy (Australia), (contextual), mortal, humane.
crib (thieves' slang), cruive (Scot.), croo Antonyms: see superhuman inhuman,
(Scot,and Irish), sty. DIVINE, DEVILISH.
2. See ABODE, TEMPIiB, LAIR, THEATER, human, n. earthling (rare; contextual),
CHURCH, FIRM, ASSEMBLY, FAMILY. clod (depreciative) ; spec. Christian, man,
house, a. domal (rare). woman, child, boy, girl.
house, ». i. shelter (contextual); spec, booth Antonyms: see deity, animal.
(rare), cote, barrack, roof (rare), hive, humble, a. 1. lowly (now somewhat archaic
hut, temple, palace (rare), impalace (rare), or rhetorical), low (rare, exc. spec); spec.
kennel, hovel (rare). low-born, poor, undistinguished, meek,
housekeeper, n. Spec, matron, housewife. inglorious, unambitious, unescutcheoned
housekeeping, n. mtoage (French) or (rare), obscure.
menage (chiefly spec), householdry (rare); Antonyms: see proud, haughty, pre-
spec, housewifery, notability (obsolescent). tentious, ARROGANT, CONCEITED.
housewife, n. wife (archaic); spec, cot- 2. See LOWLY.
quean (o/ o ia6orer; obs.). humility, n. abasement, humbleness;
how, n. Spec, whereby, why, what. spec, submissiveness.
howl, n. 1. cry (contextual); spec, bawl, Antonyms: see pride.
ululation (learned), yowl. humor, n. 1. Referring to the four bodily
2. See EXCLAMATION. fluids of the old physiology: spec blood,
hoyden, n. girl (contextual), romp, tom- phlegm, choler, melancholy.
boy (colloq.). 2. mood, cue; see disposition.
K^" Cross references: see Note, housing: shelter. hugger-mugger, n.: confusion.
hotbed:' &reerfmi7 place. hovel: shed, house. hugger-mugger, adv.: disor-
hotohpotch: mixture. hoTer, V. i,: fty. derly, [ranged.
botel: inn. hover, n.: flight. hugger-mugger, o.; disar-
hotfoot; hastily. howbelt: although, but. hulk: vessel, body.
hot-headed: eagertreckleaSfimr however: but. hulking: big.
petuous. hasty. hubbub: disturbance, din. humble, v. (.; abase.
hotspur: hothead. huckster: peddler. humbug, V. t.: deceive, hoax.
hough: hamstring. huddle, V. i.: crowd, gather, shrink. humbug, 71.: deception, hoax,
hound, V. t.: hunt, drive, incite. huddle, V. t.: crowd, gather, heap, deceiver.
houndlsh: canine. drive. humdrum, a.; dull.
houndy: canine. huff, V. t: anger, offend. humdrum, n,: monotony.
house, D. t.: dwell. hufl, n.: pet, quarrel. humid: moist.
housebreaking: burglary. huffy, a.: angry. humidity: moisture.
household, n.: family. hug, V. t,: embrace, caress, humiliate; abase.
household, a.: domestic. hug, V. i.: snuggle. humiliation: abasement.
housemaid: maidservant. hug, n.; embrace, caress. hummock: hill, protuberance.
houseroom: shelter. huge, a.: enormous. humor, v. t.: grant.

V^^ See Notes of Explanation.

226
 HTMNIST
S. Referring to other bodily fluids: spec. Antonyms: see game.
eyewater (rare)-, crystalline, pus, serum. hunting, o. venatorial \rare), venatic or
4. See CAPRICE, FUN. venatical {rare), venary {rare); spec, cy-
humorist, n. Spec, joker, jester, wag, wit. negetic {rare).^
humpback, n. hunchback. hunting, n. venery, venation {literary);
humpbacked, a. humpback, cyphotic spec, chase, pigsticking, rabbiting, hawk-
{tech.), bow-backed [rare), hunched, gib- ing, falconry, etc.
bous {chiefly spec). hurry, v. t. a: i. 1. See hasten.
humped, a. hunchy, gibbous {chiefly 2. In asense implying the feeling of
tech.); spec, humpbacked. urgency, but not necessarily resultant speed:
hundred, n. century, centred {hist.), cen- drive, whip {fig.).
tre v or centref {Welsh; hist.). Antonyms: see delay, lag.
hunger, n. 1. desire {contextual), appetite, husband, n. spouse (formal), goodman
hungriness, emptiness {fl,g.); spec, vorac- {Scot, or archaic), man
{Scot, or dial.),
ity, polypha^a {med.), esurience {humor- lord {poetic, jocular, or ironical), hubby
ously pontic), famine, bulinua {med.), {familiar arid coUoq.); spec, benedict,
greed. bridegroom.
Antonyms: see surfeit. Antonyms: see wife, celibate.
2. <See GREED. hush, interj. Silence! {more emphatic or
hunger, v. i. Spec, famish, starve. formal than "hush'"), mum! whist!
Antonyms: see surfeit. hussy, n. woman {contextual), girl {coru-
hungry, a. 1. hungered {archaic), ahun- textual), jade {sometimes playfui^, limmer
gered or anhungered {rare; archaic); spec. {Scot.), minx {often playful).
famished, starved, edacious {now chiefly hut, n. 1. house {contextual); spec, wicki-
humorous), lickerish, lickerous {obs.), vora- up, yurt, mia-mia {Australian), hutment.
cious, esurient {now humorously pedantic), 2. See DWELLING.
polyphagous {med.), greedy, ravenous, hybrid, n. crossbreed {chiefly spec), mon-
empty, msatiate, avid, sharp-set {rare), grel {chiefly spec; a disparaging term),
pecldsh {colloq.), dinnerless, supperless, cross; spec, outcross, lurcher, bigener
etc. {bot.; rare), mameluco {South America),
Antonyms: see surfeited. mulatto, quadroon, octaro'on, half-breed,
8. See desirous, greedy. half-blood, half-cast« {East India) mule,
hunt, V. t. I. chase; spec, still-hunt, stalk, mestee or mustee {West Indies), mestizo
run, trail, track, trap, hound. {Spanish America and Philippine Isl-
2. See DRIVE, FOLLOW, seek, search, ands), quintoon, terceroon, mustafina,
pursue. mustafino {Spanish American), Creole,
hunt, V. i. 1. Spec, shoot, poach, stalk, hybrid, a. crossed, cross {rare), mixed-
forage, hawk, jack, trap, snare, kangaroo, breed, crossbred {chiefly spec); spec
wolf, grouse, ferret. mongrel, graded, half-blood, half-blooaed,
2. See SEARCH, seek. half-breed.
hunt, n. 1. Spec, chase, drag, stalk, still- Antonyms: see full-blooded.
hunt. hygiene, n. soteriology {rare), hygiastics
2. See GAME, SEARCH. {rare), hygienics {rare), hygiology (rare).
hunter, n. huntsman {male; a more formal hymn, n. hymnic {rare); spec psalm, can-
word than "hunter"), huntress {female), ticle, paean, choral, sanctus, tnumph, tro-
huntswoman {female; rare), nimrod {fig.), parion, hymeneal, sequence, prose, hallel,
Endymion {fig.), jager or jaeger (German Recessional, processional, magnificat, laud,
or Siviss); spec, stalker, shikari {Anglo- Exultet, Gloria, prosodion, dithyramb or
Indian), gunner, forager, trapper, poach- dithyrambic, mantra, Orphic.
er, boarhunter, pigsticker, jacker, deer- hymnist, n. composer {contextual), hym-
stalker, ferreter, falconer. nodist; spec, laudist.
^W Cross references: see Note. hurt, w. (.: harm, injure, grieve, husky: hoarse, strong.
humorous: funny. pain, offend. hustlng: council.
humorsome: capricious. hurt, n.: harm, injury, pain. hustle, V. t.: crowd, push, hasten,
hump, n.: protuberance. hurtful: harmful, injurious, drive, jostle, put.
hump, V. t: arch. painful. [ter, rush. hustle, V. i.: hasten, work,
humua; earth. hurtle, 0. i.: collide, clash, clat- bustle. IbusUe.
hunch, n.: protuberance. hurtle, V. t.: project, throw. hustle, n.; haste, activity,
hunch, V. t.: arch. husband, v. t.: economize. hustling: active.
hunk: piece, chunk. hiiebandman: agriculturist. hutch: house, chest.
hunker: conservative. husbandry: economy, agricul- huzza, v., i.: applaud.
hunks: mggard. ture, management. huzza, n.; cheer; (in pi.) ap-
hurl:project, throw, dart, utter. hush, v. c; silence calm. plause.
hurra: cheer. hush, n,; silence. hyaline: glassy.
hurry-scurry, adv.: headlong. husk: hull. hymn, t. (.: celebrate, praiae.

tS" See Notes of Ezplanation.

227
 HYPNOTIC
hypnotic, a. magnetic (cxmiextual; obso- dle, lounge, loll, slack (coUoq.), dally,
lescent), ectenic (rare), mesmeric (obso- drone, trifle, moon, truant, play.
lescent). Antonyms: see bustle, work.
hypnotism, n. In allusion to former prac- idleness, n. indolence; spec, loafing, daw-
titioners or obsolete theories: magnetism, dUng, etc.
Braidism, Mesmerism. Antonyms: see bustle.
hypocrisy, n. deceit (contextual); spec. idler, n. Spec, loafer, droner, lounger, daw-
dissembling, Tartufferie (fig.), Tartuf- dler, do-nothing, do-little, drone, faine-
fism (jftgr.), cant, Phariseeism (fig.), Phari- ant (French), Mneur (French), buckeen
saism (fi.g.), snivel, sanctimony. (Irish), nonworker (nonce ward).
Antonyms: see artlessness; also cf. Antonyms: see worker.
FRANK. idling, n. Spec, lazing, loafing, dalliance,
hypocrite, n. deceiver (contextual); spec. etc.
dissembler. Tartuffe (fi^.), pretender, idol, n. 1. image, simulacrum (learned),
Pecksniff (fi.g.), Pharisee (fi.g.). god (contextual); spec, teraphim (pi.), joss
hypocritical, a. deceitful (contextual), (Chinese), Mumbo
Jimibo, paged, Dagon,
double-faced; spec, dissembling, Tartuf- etc.

fian (fig.), TartufEsh (fi.g.), Pharisaic 2. See BELOVED.

(fi.g.),
Pharisaical (fi.g.), sanctimonious. idolatry, n. worship (contextual), fornica-
Antonyms: see artless, frank. tion (a Biblical term).
hysteria, n. convulsion (contextual), hys- idyl, n. eclogue, pastoral.
terics (pi.; collog.); spec, tarantism, con- if, conj. gin or gif (Scot.), provided; spec.
niptions (pi.; vulgar, U. S.), vapors though.
(pi.), lata, miryachit. ignis fatuus. wiU-o'-the-wisp, jack-o'-lan-
hysterical, a. convulsive (contextual), hys- tern (now rare), jack-o'-the-wisp (obs.).
teric (rare). ignitable, a. Spec, inflammable.
ignite, v. t. Spec, fire, kindle, light, in-
flame (literary or rare), strike.
ignoramus, n. ignorant (rare), illiterate,
I, pron. ego (metaphysics). simple.
ice, n. crystal (now rare); spec, floe, gla- Antonyms: see scholar, literate.
cier, frazil (Can. and U. S.), icicle. ignorance, n. 1. unscience (rare or obs.),
iceberg, n. berg; spec. calf. darkness (fig.), inscience (rare), nescience
ice-covered, a. glaciate. (learned or bookish), ignorantness (rare);
ice cream. Spec, hokey-pokey (Eng.; spec, ineducation, illiteracy, iUiterateness,
slang orcolloq.). iUiterature (rare), benightment, rusticity,
iced, a. Spec, frosted, glac6 (French), dark, darkness, imp^escie^ce, blindness
frappe (French).
idea, n. thought, conceit (archaic), con- Antonyms: see learning, enlighten-
cept, conception, intention (chiefly logic), ment, KNOWLEDGE.
notion (chiefly spec), intellection (chiefly 2. unawareness.
tech.), impression; spec, wrinkle, phan- Antonyms: see foreknowledge.
tom, design, fancy, memory, feeling, mo- ignorant, a. 1. nescient (learned or hooh'
tif (French), recept, theory, plan, etc. ish)j unknowing {rare)^ inscient (rare);
idealize, v. t. Spec, exalt, abstract, spirit- spec, unlearned, inerudite, illiterate, un-
ualize, disrealize (rare), sublime or sub- informed, untaught, benighted, borrel or
limate, refine, heighten, perfect. borel (archaic) dark, lay, grammarless,
J

idle, a. indolent; spec, loafing, dawdliag, unstudLied, unread, unexpert (rare), green;
playing. see itnedtjcated.
Antonyms: see bustling. Antonyms: see learned, well-in-
idle, V. i. Spec, laze, lazy (rare), loaf, daw- formed.
t^' Cross references: see Note. Idealistic: romantic. Idle: groundless, ineffectual,
hypochondria: depressien. ideate: conceive. purposeless, inactive, unnn-
hypos: depresaion. identical, a.: alike, same. ployed, unused, indolent.
hypothecate: pledge. Identify: recognine. Idleness: unemployment.
hypothecation: pledging. Identity : likeness, san^enesa, idling: inactivity, indolence.
hypotheilii cofuSttion. individuality. Idolater: worshiper.
idiosyncrasy: peculiarity. idolize: worship, honor, ad-
idiocy ; imbecility, foolishness. mire, love.
Idlona: language, dialect, form, Idyllic: poetic.
Icy: cold, distant, indifferent, expression, diction. Igenous: fiery.
unemotional. idiot: imbecile, simpleton, ignoble: lowly, base.
Ideal, a.: abstract, theoretical. blockhead. Icnomtntoas: discreditable,
Ideal, n.; type. Idiotic: imbecile, irratiortal, contemptible.
Idealism: ro^nantiaam. foolish. Ignominy: discredit.

ff^^ See Notes of Explanation.

228
 IMAGINARY
2. See UNAWARE. vinegarish or vinegary, vinaigrous (rare),
Ignore, v. t. disregard: spec, pass, overlook, spleeny, splenetic, spleenish, vixenish,
hury, elude, sink, blink, overjump, skip, bilious, crusty, nasty, cranky, frumpy (o
disimagine (rare), cut (.colloq.), over- trivial or colloquial term),frumpish (rare),
slaugh {U. S.; rare), disobey, suppress, cankered, dorty (Scot.), grouchy or
eliminate, forget. grouty (U. S.; colloq.) , angry, irritable.
Antonyms: see attend, notice, con- Antonyms: see affable, agreeable.
sider, MENTION. ill-treat, v. t. abuse, injure, ill-use, mis-
ill-composed, a. incondite (learned). treat (chiefly spec), maltreat (chiefly
Ill-considered, a. unbaked (fig.), indi- spec), misuse; spec, bedevil, spite, mis-
gested or ill-digested (fi^.); spec. wild. handle, mohock (rare or hist.), violate,
Illegible, a. undecipherable; spec, blind, outrage, rape.
hidden. Antonyms: see caress, cherish, pro-
Antonyms: see legible. tect.
illegitimate, a. 1. unlawful; spec, unau- illuminate, v. t. 1. iSee light, brighten,
thorized, irregular, spurious, inconse- ENLIGHTEN, INSPIRE, ELUCIDATE.
quent. 2. ornament (contextual), illumine; spec.
Antonyms: see lawful. miniate, rubricate, emblaze.
2. bastard (now becoming a term of re- illusion, n. 1. Referring to the act: see de-
proach), natural; spec, baseborn, base ception.
(archaic), hedgeborn (archaic), misbe- 2. Referring to the thing: deception (con-
gotten. textual), unreality (emphasizing the unreal
Antonyms: see legitimate. quality); spec, apparition, dream.
illogical, a. inconsequent, invalid; spec. Antonyms: see actuality.
absurd, unreasonable, incoherent. illustrate, v. t. 1. See example.
Antonyms: see logical. 2. picture; spec. Grangerize.
ill-omened, a. sinister, sinistrous, left- illustration, n. 1. Referring to the action:
handed; spec, inauspicious. I see elucidation.
Antonyms: see auspicious. 2. Referring to the thing: picture, figure;
ill -shaped, a. Spec, distorted, misshapen, spec, diagram, plate, chart, drawing,
lopsided, ugly, ill-proportioned. crayon, iconography, frontispiece, cut,
ill-smelling, a. malodorous (learned or cartoon, caricature, lampoon.
bookish), offensive, nosey (colloq.), rank, ill will, dislike (contextual); spec, enmity,
cacodorous (o rare hybrid; humorous or hostility, malice, dole (Scot.), grudge
contemptuous), inodorous (rare), grave- (rare), spleen, spite, cankeredness (rare),
olent (literary; rhetorical, affected, or rancor or rancour (rare or literary), malev-
euphemistic); spec, foul, stinking, gamy, olence, malignity, malignancy, venom,
rancid, noisome, fetid, goatish, Duckish, malignance (rare), animosity.
rotten,etc. Antonyms: see affection, love, esteem.
Antonyms: see fragrant. _
image, n. 1. representation (contextu.al),
ill temper, temper; spec, ill-nature, ill- imago (learned), figure, copy, simulacre
humor, crossness, blood (chiefly with "bad" or simulacrum (learned or bookish; prima-
or in "to get" or "have one's blood up"), rily spec), shape (contextual), effigy (chiefly
cankeredness (rare), bile (fi^.; now chiefly spec); spec, parhelion, doll, dolly, picture,
colloq.),spleen (fig.), black dog (fi^.), icon, shadow, statue, painting, drawing,
grouchiness, groutiness (U. S.; colloq.), guy, idol, reflection, embodiment, coun-
moroseness, doggedness; «ee anger. terpart, magot.
ill-tempered, a. Spec, ill-natured, ill-hu- 2. See apparition.
mored, crabbed, unlovely, cross, shrewd imagery, n. Spec, images (pi.), imagina-
(obs.), ugly (U. S.), sour, surly, grum, tions (pi.), figures (pi.), engraving, stat-
grumpy or grumpish, unamiable, morose, uary, paintings (pi.), etc.
malignant, unkindly, sullen, sulky, bear- imaginable, a. conceivable; spec, feign-
ish, cynical or cynic, churlish, cantanker- able, believable, supposable; see think-
ous (colloq.) dogged (rare), snarly, cur-
, able.
rish or (rare) doggish, snappish, shrewish, imaginary, a. imreal (contextual), fancied

S^^ Cross references: see Note. Illagltlmate, n.: bastard. lU-Jndged: unuitn.
Ill, a.: wicked, un/utt, vnkind, lll-fBTored: homely, offensive. Ill nature: il! temper.
tavlly, harmful, ailinii, iiteattd. Ill humor: ill temper. Ill-natured: Ul-tempered.
Ill, n.: harm, ailitig. Ill-humored: ill-tempered. lllneBi: sickjiess, ailment.
Ill-adapted: ur^Buitdblt. illiberal: unoentlemanly, nar- ill-proportioned: iU-ahaped.
Itl-bodlBg: threatening. row, stingy. ill-uie: Ul-treat.
Ill-bred: impolite. Illimitable: endless, infiniie. Illuiory: deceptive.
Illegal: unlawful. illiterate: ignorant. Uluitrious: famotu.

tS° See Notes of Explanation.

16 229
 IMAGINATION
{chiefly spec); spec, fancy, invented, ideal, imitator, n. copjn'st, copier; spec, ape, par-
fictitious, shadowy, figmental (bookish or rot, mimic, echo, counterfeiter.
learned), notional, visionary, fantastic, immaterial, a. 1. incorporeal {chiefly
fantasied or phantasied, conceivable, ab- spec), unsubstantial or {rare) imubstan-
stract, poetic. tial, inessential {literary), metaphysical
Antonyms: see actual. (tech.),matterless {rare); spec, bodiless or
imagination, n. 1. Referring to the faculty (rare) imbodied, incorporate (rare), in-
or action: conception {contextual), fancy concrete, aerie, insensible, unfleshly
(chiefly spec), fiction, creation; spec, fan- (rare), mental, spiritual, spectral.
tasy, conceit, description. Antonyms: see material.
2. In reference to the thing imagined: see jSee unimportant.
2.
_

FANCY. immateriality, n. incorporeality, im-

imaginative, a. creative {contextual), fan- materialness (rare), bodilessness, unsub-
citvd, fictive, visionary {rare); spec. stantiality or (rare) insubstantiality, in-
dreamy. essentiality (rare), metaphysicalness;
Antonyms: see unimaginative, imita- spec aeriness, mentality, spirituality, etc.
tive, PRACTICAL. immature, a. undeveloped; spec, tender,
imagine, v. t. devise {contextual), conceive unripe, unfledged, impuberal (rare),
{contexttuil), fancy {chiefly spec), think green, callow, beardless, young.
(contextual), create {contextual); spec Antonyms: see grown.
supposBj feign, fantasy {archaic), picture, immaturity, n. undevelopedness; spec
frame, figure, prefigure, dream, chimerize impuberty, greenness, unripeness, etc.
{rare), believe, guess, assume, pretend, immediate, a. 1. Spec, primary, next, di-
etc. rect, proximate.
imbecile, a. 1. deranged {contextiial), fool- Antonyms: see intermediate, distant.
ish, innocent {obs. or dial.), silly {archaic 2. Spec, (referring to such nearness in time
or spec), daft {chiefly predicative; now as is tmthout any intervening action or the
rare); spec senile, anile {rare), driveling, like) instant, instantaneous, prompt.
idiotic, half-witted. "Immediate" and "prompt" are loosely
Antonyms: see intelligent. used where there is only relative proximity.
2. See FOOLISH. Antonyms: see distant.
imbecile, n. Spec defective, driveler, immediately, 1. directly, direct (coU
adv.
idiot, mooncalf (chiefly dial, or literary), hq.), next, proximately, betimes.
nidget {archaic), fool, half-wit (rare), 2. instantly, presto (primarily a juggler's
cretin. or magician's term; hence chiefly exctamor
imitate, v. t. copy, reproduce; spec, ape, tory or rhetorical), instanter (Latin or em-
borrow, mimic, counterfeit, mock, emu- phatic), forthwith, straightway {archaic
late, echo, follow, forge, dupUcate, pat- or rhetorical), straight (archaic), straightly
tern {rare), zany {rare). (archaic or obs.), forthright (archaic),
Antonyms: see invent. thei;ewith (archaic or formal), eftsoon or
imitated, a. Spec, second-hand, bor- oftsoons (archaic); spec now.
rowed, counterfeit, mock, mimic, imita^ immense, a. large (contextual), enormous,
tion {the noun used attributively), forged, prodigious (literary or contemptuous),
pretended, feigned, false {contextual). great, tremendous, huge, vast (chiefly
Antonyms: see new, okiginal. spec), vasty (rare; now chiefly a literary
imitation, n. 1. Spec mimicking, mimic- affectation); spec, elephantine, gigantic,
ry, apery, mock (rare), forgery, pairot- colossal, huge, titanic, infinite (hyperbol-
ism or parrotry {fig.), etc. ical), stupendous, mountainous, mon-
Antonyms: see invention. strous.
2. In reference to the result of the action: Antonyms: see minute, small.
spec, copy, counterfeit, forgery, mockery, immensity, n. 1. largeness (contextual),
echo, duplicate, counterpart, pretence, greatness, immenseness (rare), enormous-
reproduction, etc. 'ness, tremendousness, hugeness, enormity
Antonyms: see invention. (rare), prodigiousness, vastity (rare),
imitative, Spec, mimic, mimetic, coun-
a. vastness; spec, giganticness, colossaJness,
terfeit, Brummagem {Eng.), apish, copy- titanicness, infinity, monstrousness.
ing, sequacious {learned), echoic, re- 2. Naming a thing of great size: moun-
flective. tain, enormity, monstrosity; spec, vastity,
Antonyms: see iNVBNTrvB, imaginative. vast, gulf, abyss.

fW Cross references: see Note. Imbrue: stain. Immaculate: clean, /auUUn,

Imbibe: i^Horh, drink. Imbrute: brutalize. Immanent: inherent.
Imbricated: overlapving. Imbue: impregnate, animate. immatnre; undeveloped.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

23e
 IMPERCEPTIBLE
tmmersioii, n. mersion {chiefly s^pec.; even {archaic); spec, disinterested, dis-
rare); spec, dip, bath, swim, baptism, passionate, unpassionate, unbiased, un-
absorption. prejudiced, indifferent {rare, exc. tedi.),
Immigrant, n. incomer, comeling {ar- unwarped.
chaic); spec, visitor, greener {slang), Antonyms: partial, prejudiced, un-
colonist. fair.
Antonyms: see emigrant. impartiality, n. justice, impartialness
Immigrate, v. i. come {contextual). {rare), fairness, equality even-
{literarjy),
Antonyms: see emigrate. ness {rare; archaic); spec, dispassion,
Imminent, impendent {rare), impend-
a. dispassioHateness, impassionateness, in-
ing {less strong than "imminent ), instant diflference, indifferency {rare).
{rare). Antonyms: see partiality.
immoral, a. wicked {contextual), wrong, impassable, a. impermeable {chiefly spec.);
wrongful, vicious, loose {somewhat eupf^ spec, impervious, imperviable {rare), pass-
mistic), gay {euphemistic), rotten {inten- less {rare), waterproof, airtight, water-
sive and usually vulgar); spec, licentious, tight, tight,intranscalent {rar^, innaviga-
abandoned, dishonest, indecent, treacher- ble {rare), unnavigable, impenetrable.
ous, etc. Antonyms: see passable.
Antonyms; see righteous, ttpright. impassive, See insensible.
a. 1.
Immorality, n. wickedness, impurity, 2. inexpressive, immobile, immovable;
vice, viciousness, etc. spec, stoical, impassible, undemonstra-
immortal, a. 1. deathless {a homlier word tive, unimpressionable, unimpressible,
than "immortal"), undying, never-dying, stehd, apathetic, calm.
imperishable; spec, endless. Antonyms: see demonstrative, effu-
Antonyms: see mortal. sive, vehement.
2. See FAMOUS. impassioned, a. passionate; impassion-
immortalize, v. t. fame; spec, deify, ate {rare) ; spec, frenzied, angry, frantic,
immovable, moveless {rare), fixed,
o. 1. furious.
immobile, immotile {rare), stationary. impel, V. t. 1. move {contextual), impulse
Antonyms: see changeable, immovable. {rare); spec, drive, send, kick, throw,
2. See motionless, unyielding. push, etc.
impaot, n. stroke, blow, impingement A'ntonyins: see restrain.
{tech. or learned); spec, percussion, ap- Referring to the mind or inclinations:
2.
pulse, brunt, bump, touch, slam. Many excite, move, permove {rare), constrain;
of the words mentioned under "stroke" are spec, compel, actuate, urge, drive.
used in the closely allied sense of "impact." Antonyms: see restrain, stop.
Impair, v. t. deteriorate, damage, harm, impelling, a. 1. impulsive, propubive,
injure; sj^c. mar, spoil, flaw, vitiate, driving.
touch, ruin, blemish, shatter {fig.), re- 2. moving, exciting, constraining; see
duce, dilapidate, deface, crush, break, incentive; c/. impel.
wear, etc. impenetrable, a. 1. dense {contextual),
Antonyms: see amend, improve. proof, impermeable, impervious, impervi-
Impair, v. i. deteriorate, decline; spec. able (rare).
vitiate, shatter, ruin, break, wear, etc.; Antonyms: see pervious.
see SPOIL. 2. unintelligible.
Antonyms: see improve. impenitent, a. nonrepentant, irrepentant
Impairment, n. deterioration, damage, {rare), unrepentant, obdurate, uncon-
harm, injury; spec, mar, blemish, shatter- trite (rare); spec, unconverted.
ing, brealc, wear, etc. Antonyms: see regretful.
impartial, a. just, fair, equal {literary), imperceptible, a. unsensible (rare), indis-

1S^ Cross references: see Note. Immure: confine. Impassionate: angry, impaa-
Immerse: dip, bathe, baptize. Immutable: unchanteabU. eioned, earnest.
Immethodloal: disorderly. imp, n.: child, demon, elf. impatient: irritable, intoler-
immigrate: migrate. imp, V. t.: graft. ant, uneasy.
Immitigable: implacatt: impale: transfix, torture, pun- impeaob: accuse, discredit.
Immobile: immovable, mo- iah. Impeccable: ainleaa.
Uonlees, fixed, impaeaive. Impalpable: intangible. Impecnnlooc poor.
Immoderate: exceatin. Impanate: embody. Impede: Under.
Immoderation: exceat. Imparity: inegutdity. Impediment: hindrance, ob-
Immodest: improper, inSe- Impart: communicate. atacle.
cent. impartible: indiviaibU. Impedimenta: baggage.
Immolate: eacriflce, kiU. Impartment: communiaMon. impend: hang.
ImmotUe: motionleea. Impasse: cul-de-aoc. impending: imminent.
Immune: free, unpuniahed, impassible: inaenaible, impaa- impetatlTe: commanding, ur-
vrthurt. gent.

X3' See Notes of Explanation.

231
 IMPERFECT
tinguishable, insensible, imperceivable implication, n. 1. interlacing, complica-
(rare), inappreciable, unperceivable (rare), tion.
inapprehensible, indiscernible: spec, un- 2. meaning (contextual), involvement or
discoverable, inaudible, invisible. (rare) involution, comprisal (rare), com-
Arvtonyms: see perceptible. prehension; spec, connotation, inference,
imperlect, a. deficient, unperfect (rare), assumption; see imply.
faulty, bad, poor; spec, incomplete, crude, 3. Referring to what is implied: see in-
rude, rudimentary, dough-baked (dial, ference.
or colloq.), half-baked (colloq,), lame, de- implicative, a. implicating.
fective, flawy (rare), catalectic, foxy implied, a. impHcit, involved, comprised;
(cant), unsound, illogical, decayed, in- spec tacit, connoted, inferred, assumed.
elegant, etc. Antonyms: see explicit.
Antonyms: see absolute, complete, imply, V. t. mean, import, involve, impli-
EXCELLENT. cate (less common than "imply"), com-
imperfection, n. fault, defect, default prise, comprehend; spec, connote, sup-
(rare), imperfectness; spec, speck, incom- pose, presuppose, infer, assume.
pleteness, defectiveness, deficiency, faulti- Antonyms: see express, exclude.
ness, incompleteness, incompletion (rare), impolite, spec), rude,
a. ill-bred (properly
illogicality, inelegance, unsoundness, discourteous, unmannerly, disrespectful,
brack (chiefly dial.), taint, shot, cloud. respectless (rare); spec, ungentlemanly,
Antonyms: see perfection. vmgentle, ungracious.
imperial, a. 1. imperatorial (rare); spec. Antonyms: see polite.
august. impoliteness, n. ill-breedin§ (properly
2. See SOVEREIGN. spec), rudeness, unmannerHness, dis-
imperlousness, n. dommeeringness. courtesy; spec imgentleness, scurviness,
imperishable, a. endless; see immortal. shabbiness, disrespect, disrespectfulness,
Antonyms: see transient. ungentlemanliness, inurbanity, inurbane-
impetuosity, n. impetuousness, ardency, ness (rare).
vehemence, fury, fire, violence, ferocity, imponderable, a. 1. weightless.
fierceness, headiness, headlongness, hot- 2. <See unsubstantiai.
headedness, brashness (chiefly spec), rush, importance, n. account, concern or (less
bull-headedness (colloq.), haste, flan common) concernment, import, interest,
(French); spec, frenzy, passion. weight, significance, moment (now chiefly
Antonyms: see deliberation. with "great," "small," "little," or the like),
impetuous, o. ardent, fiery, vehement, consequence, matter; spec, cahber (fl^.),
violent, fierce, headlong, hot-headed, ponderance (rare), ponderosity (chiefly
brash (chiefly spec), bull-headed (colloq.); literary and spec), estimation, material-
spec swift, breakneck, rushing, passion- ness, magnitude, notability, regard, es-
ate, hasty, mad-brained, mad-headed, teem, figure, greatness, largeness, stress,
frantic, furious, ferocious. value, self-importance, seriousness.
Antonyms: see deliberate, Antonyms: see insignificance; also cf.
apathetic.
impious, See irreligiotts.
a. 1. important.
profane; spec. important, a. notable, interesting, sig-
2. irreverent (contexttial),
blasphemous. nificant, weighty, considerable, moment-
impish, a. demoniac; spec, puckish, puck- ous (a stronger term than the noun "mo-
like. ment"); spec eventful, material, es-
implacable, a. Spec impropitiable, im- teemed, consequential, substantial, big
mitigable, deadly; see tjnfobgiving, (colloq. or humorous), live, earnest, heavy,
mortal. high, large, great, grave, ponderous, valu-
Antonyms: see mercipttl. able, serious, self-important, critical.
implant, v. t. 1. fix; spec, insert. Antonyms: see unimportant, trivial,
2. See introduce. insignificant.

K^=" Cross references: see Note* Imperturbable: calm. Implosion: buret.

imperil: endanger. Impetratlon: asking. Implume: feather.
Imperious: domineeririQ. Impetus: energy, monunlwn. Impolitic; unwise.
Imperishable: tmmorlu. impiety: irreligion. Imponderable: weightless, im-
Imperium: empire. Impinge: collide, strike. ponderous.
impermeable: impasaabU, Impingement: collision, im- import, V. t: introduce, imply.
impersonal: general. pact. import, V. i.: matter.
Impersonates embody, ivpifv, Implant: fix. insert, introduce. import, meaning, impor-
act. Implement: instrument. tance, article.
Impersonator; actor. Implicate; imply, involve. Importunate: persistent, ur-
Impertinent: irrelevant, im- implicit: implied, trustful. gent.
pudent. Implore: ask. Importune: ask, urge, ply.

|IS° See Notes of Explanation.

233
 .

IMPTTDENT
importunity, n. importunaoy (xo^^), im- imprisonment, n. confinement, durance;
portunateness, asking {caniextual), ur- spec, custody, arrest, duress.
gency. improbable, n. unlikely; spec, implausi-
impose, v. t. 1. See suferfose. ble.
a. put, father {svec. or fig.), place {con/- Antonyms: see probable.
textual), fasten, fix; spec, entail, dictate, improper, a. wrong; spec, indecorous,
force, clap, saddle, charge, tax, quota inappropriate, unseemly (a stronger term
(rore), levy, inflict, enforce. than "improper"), unbecoming, undue,
imposing, a. Sfec. dignified, grand, mag- fie-fie (jocular), incorrect, unfit or unfit-
nificent, grandiose, superb, courtly, au- ting, unsuitable, wrong, illegitimate, ir-
gust, imperial, royal, regal, lofty, stately, regular, immodest, imprudent, discourte-
palatial, haughty, majestic, monumental, ous, etc.; see indecent.
exalted,subhme. Antonyms: see proper, appropriate,
Antonyms: see insignificant. TIMELY, BECOMING.
impossible, a. Spec, infeasible or unfeasi- impropriety, n. unpropriety (rare); spec.
ble, insuperable, impracticable, ineffecti- indecorum, indecorousness, unsuitabiUty,
ble (xare), hopeless. unsuitableness, etc., indecency, immod-
Antonyms: see possible, probable. esty, imprudence, solecism.
impostor, n. deceiver (contextual); spec. improvable, a. betterable (rare or colloq.),
counterfeiter, humbug, bunyip (Aus- amendable; spec, cultivable.
iralia), deceptress (Jem.), mountebank, improve, v. t. better (a homelier and strong-
charlatan, quack. er term than "improve"), amend or mend
impound, v. t. confine (contextual), pound, (now rare); spec, edify, ameliorate or (less
pinfold. common) meliorate, cultivate, brighten,
Antonyms: see free. refine, soften, increase, lower, etc.
impoverish, v. t. 1. Spec, pauperize, beg- Antonyms: see spoil, impair.
gar, ruin, ruinate, depauperate (rare and improve, V. better; spec, ameliorate,
i.

literary; chiefly fig). meliorate, brighten, mend, refine, soften,

Antonyms: see enrich. increase, etc.
2. See EXHAUST. Antonyms: see declinb, deteriorate,
impracticable, a. 1. impossible (context- impair.
ual), infeasible, ineffectible. imprudent, a. 1. careless (which see), in-
2. See INTRACTABLE, USELESS. cautious; spec, thriftless, improvident.
impregnable, a. unconquerable. 2. See unwise.
impregnate, v. t. 1. See fructify. impudence, n. impudency (rare), impu-
2. Spec, fill, saturate, permeate, imbue, dentness (rare), impertinence, procacity
imbrue, pervade (less emphatic than "per- (rare), cheek (slang), cheekiness (slang),
meate"), soak, interpenetrate, medicate, boldness, bold-facedness, forwardness;
embalm, dye, tinge, etc. spec, brazenness, brazen-facedness, pre-
impress, v. t. levy, enlist, press, crimp; sumption, insolence, contumely, brash-
spec, draft, requisition, confiscate. ness, bumptiousness, pertness, sauciness,
impressible, a. impressionable, sensitive; malapertness (archaic), petulance (rare),
spec, movable, tender, waxy (often deroga- hardiness, hardihood, nerve (slang), nervi-
tory), waxen (rare), soft, plastic. ness (slang), effrontery, gall (shmg), lip
Antonyms: see insensible. (vulgar slang), front (rare or vulgar), face
impressive, a. Spec, effective, speaking, (slang, U. S.), sauce (colloq.), jaw (vulgar,
powerful, teUing, striking, splendid, slang), insolency (rare), protervity (rare),
irapjjant (French), effecting; spec, em- abuse, contempt, arrogance, defiance,
phatic, solemn. shamelessness, intrusiveness, etc.
Antonyms: see ineffectual, uncon- Antonyms: see consideration, polite-
vincing, INSIGNIFICANT. ness.
imprison, v. t. confine, quod (slang), se- impudent, impertinent,
a. cheeky (slang);
cure (rare), stock (obs. or spec); spec. spec, saucy, bold
pert, or bold-faced,
jail,commit. brazen or brazen-faced, insolent, arro-
Antonyms: see free, deliver. gant, brash, bumptious, malapert (ar-

t^^ Cross references: see Note. impress, v. t.: print, mark, fix, Imprint, v. t.: mark, fix, print.
Impotent: weak, helpUsa, ptno- affect. Imprint, n.: print, mark.
erless. impression, n.: printing, mark, Impromptu, adv.: extempore.
impractical ; vieioruxry. edition, idea, effect. Impromptu, a.; extemporaneous
imprecate: invoke. impressionable: impressible. Improvident: careless.
Imprecation: curee. Impressment: earnestness. Improvisatory: extemporary.
Impresario: manager. Imprest: advance. improvise: extemporize, invent.
Imprescriptible: inidierMbU. Imprimatur: approval. Impuberty: immaturity.

IS" See Notes of Explanation.

233
 IMPUGN
ehaic), forward, cool, hardy, nervy (,col- (colloq.), faindance (French; reproachful;
loq.), lippy {vulgar slang), brassy (alang), literary), quiescence, dormancy, slumber,
hubristic (rare), protervous (rare), con- sleep, sleepiness, sluggishness, inertness,
tumelious, abusive, contemptuous, de- passiveness, drowsiness, peacefulness, re-
fiant, unblushing, blushless (rare), intru- pose, indolence, idling, Mnerie (French),
sive, unbashful (rare), shameless, assured, deedlessness, idle, dolce far niente (Ital-
rudeness. ian), inexertion (rare), inertion (rare),
Antonyms: see polite, respectful, ob- stagnation, rest, hibernation (fig.), peace,
SEQtnOUS, ABJECT, BASHFUL. dullness, Ufelessness, motionlessness.
impulse, n. 1. In reference to the ad: im- Antonyms: see action; also cf. alert.
pulsion^ s'pec. drive, push, throw, kick, inadvisable, a. inexpedient, unprofitable;
send, nisus. Ci. impel, v. see UNADVISABLE.
Antonyms: see stoppage. Antonyms: see advantageous.
2. In reference to the force or energy: in- inalienable, a. indeprivable, imprescripti-
fluence, shock; spec, throw, push, etc. ble, untransferable, indefeasible, unfor-
8. In reference to action upon the mind: in- feitable.
fluence; spec, ate (literary), incitement. inartistic, a. inartificial (rare) , artless {more
4. In reference to the action of the mind: in- emphatic than "inartistic"); spec, crude.
clination. Antonyms: see artistic.
5. See MOMENTUM. inattention, n. inadvertence, inobserv-
Impulsive, a. 1. See impelling. ance, inobservancy (rare), unmindfulness,
2. hasty; spec, heedless, careless, mad- unobservance (rare); spec, oscitance
brained, mad-cap. ' (rare), oscitation (rare), oscitancy (rare),
Antonyms: see deliberate. nonadvertenoe or nonadvertency (rare),
in, adv. within; spec, inwards. b^vue (French), slip, inapphcation, care-
Antonyms: see out. lessness, absent-mindedness, disregard.
inability, n. disabihty; spec, disqualifica- Antonyms: see attention.
tion. inattentive, a. inadvertent, unmindful,
Antonyms: see ability. unobservant, unobserving, unheedy (rare);
inaccessible, a. imaccessible (rare), im- spec, oscitant (rare), incurious (literary)^
comeatable (colloq.); spec, unapproach- careless, absent, disregardful.
able or (rare) inapproachable. Antonyms: see attentive.
Antonyms: see accessible, gettablb. inaudible, a. unbearable; spec, silent.
inaccurate, a. incorrect, inexact; spec. inauspicious, a. unauspicious (rare), un-
erroneous. favorable (a weak word); spec. iU-starred,
Antonyms: see accurate. ominous, impropitious, unlucky.
inactive, a. idle (chiefly spec), quiet; spec. Antonyms: see auspicious.
do-nothing (colloq.), fain(5ant (French; re- incalculable, a. inestimable, infinite, un-
proachful; literary), quiescent, dormant, known, sumless, untold, incomputable,
slumbering (a homelier equivalent of "dor- unreckonable; cf. countless.
mant"), sluggish, inert, passive, drowsy, incapable, a. Spec, imable, incompetent,
effortless, restive (rare), peaceful, sleepy, disqualified.
restful, inanimate, lifeless, deedfess Antonyms: see able.
(literary or rare), duU, stagnant, mo- incendiary, n. conflagrator (rare), firer
tionless. "Latent" is not a synonym of irir- (rare); spec, arsonist (rare).
active; "latent" implies only the fact of "be- incense, n. 1. censery (rare); spec, frankin-
ing hidden," and not "inactivity." cense.
Antonyms: see active, lively. 2. See fkagbance.
inactivity, n. inaction, inactiveness; spec. incentive, a. incitive, provocative; see im-
do-nothingness (colloq.), do-nothingism pelling.
1^^ Cross references: see Note. Inane: empty, foolish. Inbreathe: inhale, inspire.
impugn; attack. Inanimate: lifeless, dull, inbred: innate, chronic.
Impunity: freedom. inanition; emptiness, exhaus- Inbreed: generate, breed.
Impure: dirty, fovl, adulter- tion. Incandescence; glow,
ated, licentious, immoral, cor- Inanity : emptiness, foolishnesa. incandescent: hot.
rupt, dreggy. Inappreclatlve: insensible. incantation: conjuration,
Imputable: attributable. inapprehenstve: dull. incapacitate; disable.
Impute: attribute. Inapproachable; inaccessible, Incapacity: disability.
Inability: ditability. inappropriate: unsuitable. Incarcerate: confine.
Inaooordance: disagreement. inapt: unsuitable, jwkward, incarnate* v. t.: embody,
Inacoordant: disagreeing. inarticulate: dumb,jointle8B. incase; inclose, clothe.
Inaction : inactivity. inartificial : inartistic, arUeee, incautious : imprudent.
Inadequate: deficient. simple. Incendiary, a.: dissentioua,
Inadvertent: inattentive. Inaugurate: admit, begin. incense, v. t.: bum, anger.
Inamorata, n.,* love. Inborn; innate, instinctive. Incentive: impelling.

i^" See Notes of Explanation.

234
 INCLOSUBE
Inoentlve, n. propellate {rare), incitement skew, rake, lean, cock, slope, tilt, tip,
(less usual than incentive"); spec, main- lurch, careen, heel.
spring, provocative, instigation, provoca- 3. dispose, lean (rare), bend, bias, pre-
tion, goad, spur, stimulus, reason. dispose, oversway (rare), inflect (rare),
incidentally, adv. obiter (Latin). move, frame.
Incise, V. t. incide (rare), cut (contextual); Antonyms: see disincline.
spec, engrave, scarify. incline, v. i. I. See BOW.
incision, n. cut (contextual), insection 2. deviate (contextual), slant, pitch (chief-
(rare); spec, scarification. ly spec); spec, droop, stoop, bow, rake,
Incite, V. t. 1. actuate, instigate, move; slope, hang, careen, lurch, list, hade,
spec, provoke, goad, hound, drive, slouch.
impel, prod, push, sick (coUoq. or undig- 3. lean, tend.
nified), e^g, halloo, stimulate, animate, incline, n. 1. slope, inclination; spec, ao-
force, excite, reason, urge, spur, encour- cUvity (upward), declivity (cUnimward),
age, abet, coax, cheer, solicit, suggest, grade, escalator.
etc. 2. See inclination.
3. create (contextual), cause (contextual), inclined, a. 1. See disposed.
raise, call (chiefly with "into being" or 2. sloping, oblique, inclining, slant,
"up"); spec, foment (fig.), ferment (fig.). slanting, slantwise; spec drooping,
Antonyms: see restrain, prevent, canted, skew, recumbent, leaning, dechv-
incitement, n. 1. In reference to action: itous, etc. Cf. inclination.
actuation, motion (rare); spec, call, fo- Antonyms: see vertical, horizontal,
mentation (fig.), instigation, provocation, parallel.
poading, impulsion, egging, spurring, inclining, a. 1. See inclined.
mstance, stimulation, animation, excite- 2. dispositive (literary).
ment, reasoning, encouragement, soUcita- inclose, v. t. enclose (a variant), encompass,
tion, abetment, coaxing, cheering, sugges- circumclude (rare), include (now rare, exc
tion, etc. in the p. p. or in a nonmaterial sense),
Antonyms: see restraint, prevention. close; spec, embosom (rare), bosom, cir-
2. In reference to what incites: see incen- cumscribe, circummure, core, embed, pen,
tive. coop, lock (fig.), seal, enlock (rare), em-
S. creation (contextual), ca,\iaing (context- bay (often fig.), sphere (rare), encircle, in-
ual), fermentation; spec, fomentation, caise or case, corral (chiefly U. S.; often
raising, calling. fig.), envelop, surround, hedge, incap-
incivility, n. disrespect, rudeness; spec. sulate, bower, cavern, englobe (rare), en-
sUght, impudence. shrine or shrine, encyst, box, incave or in-
inclination, n. 1. disposition; spec, pre- cavern (rare), inwall, dike, emball (rare),
dilection, tendency, leaning, mind, set, embox (rare), impark, encapsule, en-
penchant (French), bias, appetency, itch coflBn (rare), incoffin (rare), wall,
(usuaUy contemptuous), cacoethes (learned park, palisade, pale (rare), rail, pad-
for "itch"), twistj turn, propensity, pro- dock, kraal, embower, cofiSn, rope, cab-
clivity, predisposition, proneness, bent, inet, capsule, caldron (rare), casket, cas-
propenseness (rare), propension (rare), tle,cupboard, chamber, coffer. The word
dislike, liking, taste, fear, etc. "indose" suggests preoention of either egress
Antonyms: see disinclination. or ingress.
8. deviation (contextucd), pitch (chiefly indosure, n. 1. encompassment, circum-
tech., and usually spec); spec, tilt, tip, clusion (rare); spec, embosomment (rare),
cant^ obUquity, droop, slant, rake, ramp, circumscription, embedment, encircle-
leanmg, incline (rare), batter, decUvity ment (rare), inspherement (rare), envel-
(down), acclivity (up), slope, cock, re- opment, surrounding, incapsulation, etc.
cumbency, hade, heel, fist. 2. Referring to thai by which a thing is in-
S. iSee BOW. closed: spec wall, Ust (literary), envelope,
incline, v. t. 1. See bow. case, box, curb, girdle (often fig.), cincture
a. deviate (rare; contextual), pitch (chief- (often fi^.).
ly spec); spec. recHne, droop, bow, slant, 3. Referring to the inclosed place: spec.

^^ Cross r^erences: see Note.
Inoeptlon: beginning.
Incertitude: doubt.
Inoessant; constant.
Inch, V. i.: advance.
Inch, 0. (..* force.
Inchoate, a.: initial.
Inchoate, v. t.: begin.
incidence, n.: falling. incipient: initial, elementary,
Incident, a.: falling, accesaory, beginning.
accidental. incised: engraved.
Incident, n.: occurrence, acces- Incisive: cutting, sAarp.
sory. Incisor: tooth.
Incidental: accidental, current. Inclemency: (eterity,
Incinerate: bum. inclement: severe.
Incipience: beginning. Inclining: disposition.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

235
 ,

INCLUDE
close {chiefly archaic)^ pen, fold, sty, coop, desultory, inconsecutive, fragmentary,
stall, shed, hatch, crib, chest, bin, brake, snippy or snippety (contemptuous; colloq.),
envelope, crew (dial.), crawl (colonial inconclusiveness.
Eng.), corral, stockade, fold, park, hay Antonyms: see logical.
(archaic), intake, lock, pound, sept (rare), 2. Spec, bitty (colloq.), scrappy, discon-
pale (rare), yard, enceinte (French), col- tinuous, fragmentary.
lege (local Eng.), garth (Eng.; chiefly in 3. See unimportant, inconsistent.
"cloister garth"), dock, cofferdam, pad- inconsistency, n. Spec. iUogicaUty, in-
dock, kheda or kedda, cote, court, com- consonance, repugnance, inconsequence,
pound (Anglo-Indian), precinct. incoherence, etc.; see contradiction.
include, v. t. comprehend (chiefly spec); Antonyms: see agreement.
spec, comprise, intercept, contain, em- inconsistent, a. 1. illogical (contextiLaV)
body, involve, incorporate, number, cov- different (contextual), incompatible (chief-
er, count, subsume, embrace. ly tech.), incompassible (tech.), discrepant,
Antonyms: see omit, except, exclttde. variant (contextual), inconsonant (o mild
inclusion, n. comprehension, comprisal, term); spec, intolerant, inconsequent, in-
incorporation. coherent, contradictory or (less usual)
inclusive, a. 1. inclusory, comprehensive. contradictious or (rare) contrariant, self-
Antonyms: see excI/Ttsivb. contradictory, incombinable, nonsequen-
2. With an implication of great scope or tial, incongruous, irreconcilable, con-
inclusion: spec, unexclusive (rare), sweep- trary, repugnant, antagonistic, solecistic
ing, all-embracing, compendious, wide, (learned), changeable.
liberal, comprehensive. Antonyms: see consistent, agreeable,
Antonyms: see nakhow. correspondent, logical.
incombustible, a. fireproof (a homlier 2. In reference to oesthetic ideas: incon-
word, of more specific associations). sonant, dissonant, discordant, inaccord-
Antonyms: see coMBtrsTiBLB. ant.
income, n. 1. entrance (rare), incoming Antonyms: see consistent.
(chiefly in pi.). Inconvenience, n. 1. incommodiousness
Antonyms: see outgo. (becoming obs., exc. spec), incommodity
2. Spec, gain, return, earnings (pi), rev- (now rare, exc. spec); spec, disadvantage-
enue, receipts (pi.), perquisite. ousness, tmtimeliness, troublesomeness,
Antonyms: seeexpenditure. annoyingness, difficulty, etc.
incoming, a. entrant (rare), inward (em- Antonyms: see convenience.
phasizing the idea of direction). Referring to what gives inconvenience:
2.
incoming, ra. entrance; spec, inrushing, in- spec, disadvantage, trouble, annoyance,
flow. difficulty, etc.
Antonyms: see outflow. Antonyms: see conttenience.
incompatibility, n. Spec, antipathy, inconvenience, v. t. incommode (now
in-
consistence. chiefly spec), discommode (rare); spec.
incompatible, a. Spec, antipathetic, un- disaccommodate.
congenial, inconsistent, unsympathetic. inconvenient, a. incommodious '(now he-
incomplete, a. deficient, partial spec, in- coming obs., exc. spec), discommodious
;

exhaustive, unaccomplished, unfinished. disconvenient (obs. or rare),

(obs. or rare),
Antonyms: see complete, finished, awkward spec); spec, disadvan-
(fig., exc.
THOROUGH. tageous, untimely, troublesome, annoy-
incongruous, a. incongruent, disagree- ing, difficult, etc.
ing; spec, grotesque, unconstituted, ab- Antonyms: see convenient.
surd. inconvertible, a. inexchangeable.
Antonyms: see correspondent. incorrect, a. Spec inaccurate, wrong, im-
inconsequent, a. 1. illogical, inconsequen- sound, untrue, false, faulty, improper, un-
tial (less common than "inconsequent"); becoming, erroneous, illogical, etc.
spec, disconnected, discontinuous, loose. Antonyms: see correct.
t^" Cross references: see Note. incompetent: incapable. ferent, thoughtless.
incoercible; unyielding. incomprebensible: unintelli- inconsolable: disconsolate.
incognito: disguised. gible. inconsonant: inconsistent.
incoherent: illogical, incon- incomputable: incalculable. inconspicuous: unnoticeable.
sistent. inconceivable: unthinkable. inconstant: changeable.
incommode: inconvenience. inconclusive: indecisive. incontestable: undeniable.
incommodious: inconvenient. inconformable: different. incontinent: unrestrained, li-
incomparable: unequaled. inconsequential : inconse- centious.
incompassionate: cruel. guent, unimportant. [small. incontrovertible: undeniable.
incompatible: different. Inconsiderable: unimportant. incorporate: embody.
incompetence: disability. Inconsiderate: careless, indif- incorporeal: immaterial.

1^° See Notes of Explanation.

236
 ,

INDETERIOINATB
inoorrectness, n. inaccuracy, untruth, blue {euphemistic or colloq.), immodest,
faultiness, etc. coarse {coniextu/d), unclean {fi^.); spec.
incorrigible, a. abandoned; spec, recidi- bold, filthy, nasty, dirty (o vulgar or very
vous. strong word), shameless, immoral, smutty.
Increase, v. t. grow {fig. or chiefly spec.), Various words given under "filthy" are
augment; spec, enhance, multiply, length- often used as synonyms of "indecent."
en, eke {archaic), greaten {archaic), exag- Antonyms: see chaste, modest.
gerate, inflate, fan {chiefly fi^.), reinforce, indecision, n. doubt, hesitation, irreso-
redouble, raise, swell, thicken, heighten, luteness or irresolution; spec, shilly-
intensify, extend, enlarge, inflate, shally, vacillation.
strengthen, generate, develop, double, indecisive, a. inconclusive.
triple, etc. Antonyms: see decisive.
Antonyms: see abate, DiMnsnsH, relax. indefensible, a. defenseless, insupport-
increase, v. i. grow, wax {rare or archaic, able; — spec, inexcusable, excuseless, un-
exc. spec); spec, enhance, multiply, tenable.
lengthen, rise, gather, accrue, mount, Antonyms: see defensible.
swell, thicken, heighten, intensify, ex- indefinite, a. indefinitive {rare); spec.
tend, enlarge, etc. unlimited, obscure, nameless, indefinable,
Antonyms: see diminish, helax. indecisive, uncertain, undefined, vague,
Increase, n. increasement {rare), incre- general, uncircumstantial, impersonal,
ment {chiefly spec), growth, addition, mexplicit, indescribable, indesignate, end-
augmentation; spec enhancement, multi- less, nondescript.
pUcation, gain, crescendo, lengthening, Antonyms: see definite, circumstan-
exaggeration, rise, spurt, inflection, rein- tial.
forcement, redoubUng, swell, swelling, ac- indent, V. t. Spec, notch, serrate, tooth, in-
cession, accretion, enlargement, addition, cise, jag {rare), recess, engrail, pink,
accumulation, heightening, intensifica- scallop, scollop.
tion, thickening, inflation, generation, etc indent, v. t. hollow {contextual), dent or
Antonyms: see diminution. {now less common) dint, print; spec, pick,
increasing, growing, lengthening, cres-
a. dinge, batter, punctuate, bruise, peck,
cent {literary equivalent of "growing"), pit, dimple.
crescive {rare), morescent {chiefly spec), Antonyms: see emboss.
incretionary {rare); spec, multiplying, etc. indentation, n. depression {contextuxd)
Antonyms: see diminishing. hollow {contextual), indenting {rare), in-
incredible, a. unbelievable; spec absurd, denture {rare), indention {rare, exc.
nonsensical. spec), print, dent or {now less common)
Antonyms: see credible. dint; spec, peck, pick, pit, kick {cant),
incubate, v. t. sit, brood, cover; spec hatch. dimple, recess, notch, jag, tooth, serration,
incumbent, a. 1. Spec, superincumbent, incisure, cut, bruise, embrasure, scallop,
superjacent {rare), overlying, brooding. scollop, crenel or crenelle, inlet. 'Indenta- '

Antonyms: see UNDERLTiNa. tion" is a more formal term than "dent."

2. See BINDING. indented, a. Spec notched, jagged, cut,
incur, V. t. get; spec, run, contract, gain, erose, crenate, dancett(S or dancett^e.
acquire. indenture, n. 1. See indentation.
Antonyms: see avoid, avert. 2. agreement, indent {rare); spec deed,
incurable, a. remediless, irremediable certificate, chirograph.
{rare, exc. fl^.), immedicable {rare), un- indescribable, a. unnamable, unmention-
medicinable {rare); spec, hopeless. able, nameless.
Antonyms: see curable. describablb. Antonyms: see
indebted, a. obligated, beholden {now ar- indestructible, a. Spec, indiscerptible
chaic or literary). {rare), inextinguishable, imperishable,
indecent, a. I. See improper. endless.
2. improper {contextual), obscene, lewd. Antonyms: see destructible.

tS^ Cross references: see Note. Inculcate: teach, inspire. indefeasible: inalienable.
Incorrigible: abandoned. inculpate: involve. indelible: ineffaceable.
Incredible: unbelievable.abaurd. incunabula: beginning. indelicate: coarse, indecent,
Incredulity: unbelief, doubt. incurious; indifferent, careless, awkward.
Incredulous: unbelieving, incursion: invasion. indemnify: compensate.
doubtful. incursive: aggressive, invasive. indenture: bind.
Increment: increaae, addition. indecorous: improper. independence: freedom, as-
Incriminate: accuse, involve. indecorum: impropriety. surance, fortune. [absolute.
Incrust: crust. indeed, adv.: actually. independent: free, assured,
Incubate, v. i.: sit. indeed, a.: actual. *
indeterminable: endless.
Incubus: demon, nightmare. Indefatigable: untiring. indeterminate: uncertain.

t;^ See Notes of Explanation.

237
 INDICATE
indicate, v. t. Spec, imply, infer, show, indirect, a. devious; spec, circuitous, tor-
evince, denote, depict, designate, specify, tuous, oblique, sidelong, squint, second-
particularize, tell, mark, signify, betoken ary, mediate, circumlocutory, round-
or (rare) token, signalize, bespeak, index about, deceitful, consequential.
(rare), suggest, register, hint, label, de- •
Antonyms: see direct.
scribe, name, demonstrate, centra-indi- indirection, n. deviousness, deviation;
cate, foreshadow, sign, evidence, disclose, spec, circuity, circuitousness, obliquity,
presign (rare), symptomatize, etc. obUqueness, secondariness, mediacy, cir-
Antonyms: see hide, obscuee. cumlocution, deceitful, roundabout.
Indication, n. Spec, implication, infer- indistinct, a. obscure; spec, nebulous,
ence, show, sign, index, indicium (chiefly thick, misty, feeble, hazy, uncertain,
in pi.), designation, specification, sugges- dreamy, dull, blurred, faint, inarticulate,
tion, evincement, denotation, denotement indistinguishable, indefinite, confused,
(rare), particularization, telling, mark, broken, etc.
signification, betoken, token, registry, Antonyms: see definite.
hint, label, description, mention, evi- individual, a. Spec, definite, several (used
dence, disclosure, symptom, etc. with a pi.; technical or learned), special,
Antonyms: see hiding, obscubation. separate, particular, single, concrete,
Indicative, a. indicatory, indicial (rare); proper, inseparable, same, respective.
spec, designative, evincive, significatory, Antonyms: see common, collective,
significant, significative, indicant, index- GENERAL, MUTUAL.
ical (rare)i suggestive, symptoDiatic, individual, n. unit, one, singular (rare);
demonstrative, etc. spec, head (often collective pi.), particular,
Indictment, n. accusation (contextual), person, incident.
dittay (Scot). individuality, n. selfness (rare), singu-
Indifference, n. 1. indifferency (rare); larity, definiteness (contextual); spec.
spec, coldness, frigidity, dryness, coolness, identity; see personality.
lukewarmness, nonchalance, easefulness individualize, v. t. singularize, peculiar-
(rare), ease, easiness, stoicism, distance, ize.
listlessness, insouciance (French), Laodi- individually, adv. separately, definitely,
ceanism (fig.), Spartanism (fig.), adi- severally, apart (o predicative); spec.
aphorism, apathy, carelessness, dullness, apiece, distributively.
insensibility, frivohty, incuriosity, incuri- indivisible, a. inseparable, impartible.
ousness, equaUty. indolence, n. idleness, otiosity (learned),
Antonyms: see affection, interest, ease, Laurence or Lawrence (fig.).
ARDOR, CURIOSITY. Antonyms: see activity, application,
8. Spec, mediocrity, ordinariness, unim- WORK.
portance. indolent, a. idle, otiose (learned); spec.
indifferent, a. 1. Spec, cold, cool, calm, easy, easeful (rare), easy-going (colloq.),
frigid, dry,li^t, lukewarm, nonchalant, fat (colloq. or slang).
insouciant (French), easeful (rare) or Antonyms: see active, occupied.
easy, adiaphorist or adiaphoristic or adi- indoor, a. intramural (learned).
aphorous (tech: or learned),Laodicean Antonyms: see outdoor, open-air.
(fig.), tossy (rare), unconcerned, easy- indorse, v. t. I. endorse (a variant); spec.
going (colloq.), inconsiderate, stoical, list- visd (French), docket, countersign.
less, distant, unmoved, Spartan (Jig.), in- 2. See APPROVE.
curious, uninquiring, uncurious (rare), induce, v. t. 1. Spec, lead, cause, occasion,
apathetic, perfunctory, duU, insensible, win, draw, bring, get, have, drive, mo-
careless. tive, motivate (rare), persuade, procure.
Antonyms: see afpectionate, ardent, Antonyms: see dissuade.
CURIOUS. 2. See cause, infer.
2. See moderate, fair, unimportant. inducement, n. 1. Referring to the act:

X^ Cross references: see Note. Indiscretion: unwisdom. indite: compose.

Indict: accuse. indiscriminate: confused, het- inditer: author. [egoism.
indigence: poverty. erogeneous. indlTidualism: personality,
indigenous: native, inborn. Indispensable: essential. Individualize: define.
Indigested: ill-considered. Indispose: disease, weaken, dis- Individuate: define.
Indignant: angry. incline. indivisible: inseparable.
Indignation: anger. indisposed: ailing, unfriendly. indomitable: unyielding, un-
Indignity: insult. indisposition: ailment, disin- conquerable.
Indirectly, adv.: circuitously, clination. indubitable: un^estionable.
secondarily, sideways, sideway. indisputable: undeniable. Induct: admit, introduce, usher.
Indiscreet ; unwise. Indissoluble: insoluble, insep- Inductile: unyielding.
Indiscrete: united. arable. inductive: inferential.

f^ See Notes of Explanation.

238
 INFANCY
spec, causation (,rare), occasioning, per- ity (rare), odd (rare), disparity; spec, in-
suasion, motivation (rare), drawing, pro- adequation (archaic), inadequacy.
curement, etc. ArAonyms: see equality.
3. Referring to the thing: spec, cause, per- inert, a. 1. dead (spec, or jig.).
suasive, consideration. 2. See inactive, dull, sluggish, lazy,
S. See CAnsE. apathetic, incokhosivb.
Indulge, V. t. 1. Spec, coddle, favor, hu- inertness, n. 1. deadness (rare).
mor, cosset, license, foster, cocker, pet, 2. inertia (the more common word); spec.
tolerate, pamper, spoil, excuse, gratify. inactivity, dullness, sluggishness, laziness,
Antonyms: see persecute. apathy, incorrosiveness.
2. See GRANT. Inexact, a. loose, rough, crude (derogatory),
Indulge, 1). i. Spec, revel, wallow. careless.
Antonyms: see abstain. Antonyms: see accurate.
Indulgence, n. 1. Spec, favor, humoring, inexcusable, a. unallowable, indefensible,
licensing, indulgency, easiness, lenience or unpardonable.
leniency, lenity, toleration, tolerance, Antonyms: see excusable.
pampering, gratification, self-gratifica- inexhaustible, a. intarissable (rare), ex-
tion, self-mdulgence, gentleness, foster- haustless, boundless, inexhaustive; spec.
ing, excuse. bottomless, wasteless.
Antonyms: see severity; c/, persecute. Antonyms: see limited.
2. See grant. inexperience, n. noviceship (chiefly spec),
indulgent, humoring, easy,
a. favoring, noviciateship (rare), strangeness, noviti-
lenient; see pampering, belf-gratifting. ate (chiefly spec), greenness (coUoq. or uiv-
Industrious, a. 1. diligent, operose (rare), dignified), freshness; spec, callowness,
worksbme (rare), laborious, hard-work- rawness, unsophistication, untrainedness,
ing; spec, sedulous. youth; cf. novice.
Antonyms: see lazy, inactive. Anionyms: see experience.
2. See active. Inexperienced, a. unexperienced, green
industry, n. 1. See application. (coUoq. or undignified), fresh, new, grif-
2. diligence, operosity (rare), laborious- finish (Anglo-Indian), untried, strange;
ness, industriousness. spec. caUow, raw, unversed, unsophisti-
Antonyms: cf. lazy. cated, undisciplined, unacquainted, young.
8. Spec, trade, business, manufacture, Antonyms: see experienced.
art, painting, farming, gardening, etc. inexpressible, unexpressible (rare), in-
a.
ineflaoeable, a. indestructible (contextual), expressive (archaic; prob. chiefly imitative
indelible, inexpungible, inerasable. of Shakespeare or of Milton, who u.ses "un-
IneSeotual, a. Spec, ineffective, ineffi- expressive"), unexpressive (archaic), inef-
cient, inefficacious, useless, futile, unpro- fable (more intensive, or of loftier sentv-
ductive, barren, empty, vain, blank, ment, than "inexpressible"); spec unut-
fruitless, infructuous (learned for "fruit- terable, inuttera,ble (rare), utterless
less"), infructuose (rare), resultless (rare), (rare), incommunicable, unspeakable.
idle, inoperative, vain, dead, void, un- inextinguishable, a. unquenchable (a
availing, lame, inofficious (rare), iU, vir- stronger word than "inextinguishable"),
tueless, Danaidean (jig.), Sisyphean (fi^.), quenchless.
unsuccessful, dintless. infallible, a. 1. inerrable (rare), unerring,
Antonyms: see effective, impressive. oracular (fig.); spec undeceivable.
inelastic, a. nonelastic; spec, plastic. Antonyms: see fallible.
Antonyms: see elastic. 2. See certain.
ineloquent, a. plain-spoken, plain; spec. infancy, n. t. childhood (contextual), baby-
rude, crude. hood, babyism (rare), infanthood (rare);
inequality, n. inequalness (rare), impar- spec, cradlehood (rare).

|y Cross references; see Note. Inedible: uneatable.

Indue: invest, endue.
Indurate, v, t.: harden, etrength-
en.
Industrial: Inuineas.
Indwell, V. t.: inhabit.
Indwell, D. t..° inhere.
Indwelling: inherent.
Inebriate, a.: intoxicated.
Inebriate, n.: drunkard.
Inebriate, v. i.: intoxicate, ex-
cite.
Inebriety: intoxication.
Inebrious: intoxicated.
InefXable: inexpressible.
IneSeetlble: impracticable.
Ine&eotlve: ineffectual.
Ineffloaoious: ineffectual.
Inefflcaoy: ineffectualness.
Inefficient: ineffectual, ifined.
Inelegant: coarse, clumsy, unre-
Ineliglble: unqualified.
inept: unsuitable, awkward.
inequitable: unjust.
ineradicable: fixed.
inertia: inertness.
Inestimable: incalculable, in-
valuable.
Inevitable: unavoidcAle.
inezobangeable: inconvertible.
inexcusable: unjustifiable.
inexorable: unyielding.
inexpedient: unadvisable.
inexpensive: cheap.
Inexplicable: uriexplaindble.
Inexpressive: inexpressible,
blank.
Inexpungible: ineffaceohU.
Inexpugnable: uiKonquerdble.
Infamous: discreditable, base.
Inlamy: discredit, baseness.

tS^ See Notes ot Explanation.

239
 INFANT
Antonyms: see age, end. inferior, n. puny (Eng.); spec, subordi-
2.See MINOBITT. nate, junior.
infant, n. 1. child (contextual), babe (now Antonyms: see superior.
chiefly affected or rhetorical), baby (now inferiority, n. 1. Referring to position in
chiefly spec); spec, weanling, foundLng. place: subjacency (rare).
Antonyms: see adult. 2. Referring to rank, quality, etc.: spec.
2. See MINOR. subordinacy, juniority.
infantry, n. footsoldiers (pi.; a nontech- 3. Referring to quality, etc.: poorness,
nical term), foot (o collective), infantrymen meanness, baseness, littleness, indiffer-
(pi). ence (euphemistic), tolerableness, shabbi-
infantryman, n, soldier (contextual), foot- ness.
soldier, doughboy (slang, U. S.), grabby infernal, a. 1. infern (poetic and rare), un-
(depreciatory; skmg, Eng.); spec. Thomas derworld; spec, chthonian.
Atkins or (usual) Tommy
Atkins or 2. Spec, hellish (now rare), Hadean (rare),
Tommy (colloq., British), Sammy (col- Tartarean, Tartarian (rare), Stygian,
loq., U. S.), Froggy (slang). Plutonian.
infatuate, v. t. affatuate (rare), captivate; Antonyms: see hbavunlt.
spec, besot (contemptuous). 3. See DEVILISH.
infatuated, a. captivated, mad, infatuate infinite, a. 1. See endless, immense.
(rare); spec, mad, besotted (contemptu- 2. unlimited, immeasurable, interminate,
ous). unmeasured (contextual), measureless, il-

infatuation, n. foolishness (contextual), limitable, limitless, boundless; spec, co-

captivation; spec, besotment or besotted- infinite, inexhaustible, infinitesimal.
ness (contemptuous), madness. Antonyms: see finite, limited, measur-
infection, n. 1. affection, infestation (rare). able.
2. medium; spec, contagion, virus, germ, infinity, n. 1. Spec, endlessness, immen-
blight, bacillus, bacterium, pest, pesti- sity.
lence. 2. Spec, infinite, infiniteness, infinitude,
3. See DISEASE, CONTAMINATION. unlimitedness, immeasurableness, inter-
infer, v. t. 1. conclude, draw; spec, deduce, minateness, unmeasuredness, measure-
induce, syllogize, derive, reason, gather, lessness, iUimitableness, boundlessness,
construe, generalize, particularize, glean, Umitlessness, inexhaustibleness, inex-
collect, guess, presume. haustibiUty, infinitesimalness.
2. See MEAN, INDICATE. inflate, v. t. 1. distend (contextual), expand
inferable, a. Spec, deducible, consequent, (contextual), puff (orig. spec), swell; spec.
consequential, generalizable, derivable, intermesce, bloat, blow, sufflate (rare),
straight. aerate.
inference, n. conclusion, collection (rare); Antonyms: see constrict, contract.
spec, deduction, induction, derivation, illa- 2. See elate, increase.
tion (tech. or learned), consequence, corol- inflated, a. 1. Spec, puffy, swollen, bloat,
lary, sequela, generaMty, generalization, bloated, overblown, turgid (bookish or
generalism, implication, particularism, learned), bladdery.
misconclusion, guess, presumption, derival. 2. See bombastic, conceited, elated.
inferential, a. Spec, deductive, inductive, inflation, n. 1. distension (contextual);
illative, speculative. spec, sufflation (rare), puffiness, aeration,
inferior, o. 1. See lower. bloat, bloatedness, turgidity, tympanites
3. deterior (rare); spec, bad, poor, mean, or tympanism, vesiculation, insufflation.
little (now rare), base, petty, paltry, 2. See bombast, conceit, swelling
shabby, indifferent (euphemistic), tolerable (with anger), increase.
(often euphemistic), dicky or dickey (slang inflect, V. t. &
i. 1. See curve.

or colloq.), subordinate, humble, junior. 2. In grammar: spec decUne, conjugate,

Antonyms: see chief, fine, superior, compare.
FIRST-CLASS. 3. modulate (as the voice).

tW Cross references: see Note. infertile: barren. infirmity: ailment, fault.

infant: young. infest: frequent. inflame: kindle, heat, excite,
infanta: daitghter. infestation: freguentation. anger, flush.
infante: son. infidel, a..' heretic, heathen. inflamed: feverish, bloodshot.
infantile: childish, babyish. infidel, 71.: heathen, unbeliever. inflammable, a.: combustible,
infantine: babyish. infidelity: heathenism, disbe- excitable.
infect: disease. lief, treachery, adultery. inflammatory: kindling, ex-
infectious: catching, contami- infiltrate: exude, pervade. citative, irritating, dissentious,
native. infinitude: infinity. inflexible: rigid, unyielding,
infelicitous: unhappy. infirm: weak, unstable, ailing. firm. [inflection.
inferno: hell. infirmary: hospital. inflexion: British variant of

|£^^ See Notes of Explanation.

240
 —

INHERENT
Inflict, administer (hurruirous), do
V. t. spec, sparse, scarce, rare, thin, occasional,
(used wUh "to"), gjve (a somewhat informal sporadic.
word); spec, lay, impose, bring, land. Antonyms: see frequent, abounding.
Infliction, n. administration (humorous); infrequently, adv. seldom, uncommonly;
spec, laying-on, imposition. spec, rarely, sparsely.
inflow, n. influx {more often fig. than "irv- Antonyms: see often.
jfow"), influxion (rare); spec, indraft, in- ingenious, o. inventive, deviceful (rare);
rush, inrun (rare), inpour, inset, now, spec, subtle, artful, clever, fertile, daedal
flood, instream, instreaming. (literary), dsedaUan (literary), tricky.
Antonyms: see outflow. Antonyms: see helpless, barren.
influence, n. 1. power, potency (learned ingeniousness, n. ingeniosity (rare), in-
equiv. of "power"); spec, effect, bias, cred- ventiveness, ingenuity; spec, art, artifice,
it, pull (IT. S.; slang, chiefly political), pro- artfulness, cleverness, trickiness, con-
pulsion, impulse, control, magnetism, trivance.
marac, authority, spell. ingot, n. lingot (archaic); spec, pig, sow,
2. Referring to a person: power, potency bloom.
(rather learned), potentate (obs.); spec. ingrate, n. viper snake; spec, traitor.
(fig.),
authority, prestige. ingratiate, v. t. insinuate; an approxC-
Influence, v. t. affect, actuate, sway; spec. mate synonym only.
control, persuade, bias, bribe, conjure. ingratiating, a. insinuating, smooth,
influential, a. strong; spec, effective, ef- sUken, silky.
fectual (rare), substantial, powerful, Antonyms: see repellent.
weighty (chiefly poetic or rhetorical), mo- ingratitude, n. imgratefulness, unthank-
mentous (rare), controlling, potent (chief- fulness.
ly rhetorical). Antonyms: see thankfulness.
influenza, n. grippe, la grippe, grip; spec. inhabit, v. t. occupy, indwell (rare); spec.
Spanish influenza, flu (colloq.). people.
inform, v. t. 1. See form, animate. inhabitable, a. habitable (now chiefly
2. acquaint, apprise, possess (archaic); used with "not"); spec, lodgeable.
spec, notify, teach, appraise (becoming Antonyms: see uninhabitable.
rare or tech.), tell, enlighten, instruct, tip inhalation, n. breath (contextual), draft,
(slang), certify, advise, advertize (chiefly inspiration; spec, sniff, snuff, snuffle.
literary or tech.), notice (chiefly tech.), Antonyms: see exhalation.
flag, warn. inhale, v. t. &
i. breathe (contextual), draw,

intoxmal, Spec. unofBcial, inofficial,

a. inspire, inbreathe; spec, sniff, snuff,
unconventional. snuffle.
. Antonyms: see formal, official. Antonyms: see exhale.
informant, n. Spec, tipster (colloq.), tip- inharmonious, a. different (contextual),
per (colloq.), notiner, adviser, teacher, ad- inharmonic; spec, disharmonious, discord-
vertizer, teller, appriser, etc., relator, ant, tuneless.
peacher (slang or rare), intelligencer Antonyms: see harmonious, agreeable.
(rare), newsmonger, accuser, warner. inhere, v. i. exist (contextual), abide (con-
information, n. Spec, notice, enlighten- textual), inexist (rare), coinhere, belong
ment, intelligence, instruction, teaching, (used with "to"), consist, subsist, lie, re-
tip (colloq. or cant), advertizement, ad- side, indwell (rare or literary).
vice, word, complaint, message, warning. inherence, n. 1. inherency, inexistence, in-
informed, a. 1. See aware. hesion; spec, indwelling, immanence, in-
2. posted (not in good usage). trinsicalness, residence (rare).
infrequency, n. Spec, rarity, sparseness. 2. inbeing, immanence.
Antonyms: see abundance, frequency. inherent, a. inexistent (rare), subsistent,
infrequent, a. unfrequent (rare), uncom- proper (unth "to"); spec, indwelling, in-
mon (a stronger word than "infrequent"); trinsic, immanent, essential.
tS^ Crossreferences: see Note. croachment. inglorious: humble, discredit-
Influx; inflow. infuriate: anger. able,
infold: envelope, claep. infuriated: angry. ingoing: entrance.
inform, a.: formless, deformed. infuse: introduce, inspire. ingrain: dye.
inform, v. i.: tell, ingenue: actor. Ingrained: deep.
informative, a.: instructive. Ingenuity: ingeniousness. ingrate: ungrateful.
infract : violate. ingenuous: generous, artless, ingredient: component.
Infraction: violation, encroach- frank. ingress: entrance.
ment. Ingest: introduce. ingulf: swallow, absorb, plunge.
infringe, V. ^; violate. ingestion, n.: introduction. ingurgitate: swallow.
infringe, v. i.: encroach. ingle, n.: fire. inhabitant: dweller.
Infringement: violation, en- Inglenook, n.; chimney comer. inhabitation: dwelling.

iW See Notes of Explanation.

241
 INHERIT
Antonyms: see accidental. Antonyms: see justice.
Inherit, v. t. take, heir (rare). ink, n. atrament {rare); spec sepia.
Inberitable, a. 1. capable {of inherUing); inkstand, n. standish (rare).
— said of the person. inkwell, n. reservoir; spec, inkhorn, ink-
inhuman, a. 1. unkind; see cruel, fierce, stand.
DEVILISH. inland, a. 1. interior; spec, midland,
2. Of what is merely not human: non- mediterranean {rare), up-country, upland.
human; spec, supernatural, superhuman. Antonyms: see foreign.
Antonyms: see human. 2. See DOMESTIC.
initial, a. 1. first, commencing, initiatory, inland, n. interior; spec, midland, up-
initiary {rare), inchoate; spec, introduc- country, upland, hinterland, in-country
tory, rudimentary, opening, incipient, {Scot).
liminal {rare), original; see beginning. Antonyms: see border.
Antonyms: see complete, last. inlay, v. t. To adorn by inlaying: spec
2. See elembntakt. hatch, niello, tessellate.
inject, V. t. 1. introduce {contextual), intro- inlay, n. Spec, buhl or boule, cloisonne
mit; sT^ec. transfuse, syringe, insufflate, {French), niello {Italian), tarsia, enamel,
indart, mterject. marquetry, marqueterie, parquetry.
Antonyms: see eject, expel, extract. inlet, n. 1. See entrance.
2. See PILL. 2. recess, arm; spec, cover, creek, fleet
injection, n. 1. Referring to the act: intro- {local, Eng.), inrun, bay, bight, nook,
duction, intromission, immission {rare). gulf, frith, firth, fiord, bayou {southern
Antonyms: see ejection, expulsion. U. S.).
2. Of the thing: spec, enema, clyster. Antonyms: see outlet.
injunctive, a. bidding, dictatorial, com- inmate, n. dweller; spec, intern, guest, in-
manding. habitant.
injure, v. t. 1. hurt (a less formal word than inn, n. house, hotel {chiefly spec; in the
"injure"), harm, wrong, prejudice {now U. S. "hotel" is the ordinary term for any
chiefly tech.); spec, outrage, mischief {ar- "inn"), hostel {archaic), hostelry {archaic
chaic), touch, disserve, misserve, aggrieve or literary), tavern {spec, exc local U. S.),
(rare or tech.), damage, detriment (rare), pubUc house (legal), pub (vulgar and coU
impair, disavail {rare), endamage {literary loq.; British); spec ordinary (Eng. or
or rare). local U. S.), locanda (Italian), posada
Antonyms: see benefit. (Spain), asteria (Italy or Italian; rare),
2. See HARM {in reference to other than resthouse (in the East), sala (India),
legal rights), ill-treat, damage. choulty (Anglo-Indian), caravanserai (in
injurious, a. 1. evil, hurtful, harmful, the Orient), fonduk (North Africa), fonda •

wrongful, prejudicial, damaging, preju- (Spanish), serai (in the Orient), khan (in
dicious {rare), detrimental, mischievous; the Orient).
spec, contrarious, tortious. innate, a. inborn (the Anglo-Saxon term),
Antonyms: see beneficial. native, inbred, natural, congenital (chiefly
2. See HARMFUL. tech.), original; spec indigenous, intrinsic
Injury, n. 1. harm, wrong, hurt, prejudice, or intrinsical; see instinctive.
damnification {tech.), impairment, impair Antonyms: see acquired.
{archaic), damage, mischief; spec detri- innkeeper, n. landlord (contextual), inn-
ment, disservice. holder (rare), taverner (rare), victualer
2. See HARM, DAMAGE. (now chiefly local), Boniface (fig.), host,
S. Concretely, as u^ed with the article "a" hostess (fern.), hostler (archaic); spec,
or "an";, hurt {chiefly spec), harm (rare), khanjee, padrone.
damage (rare), mischief {rare), iniquity, innocence, n. Spec, sinlessness, purity,
injustice, wrong; spec, disservice, out- blamelessness, chastity, guiltlessness, sim-
rage, tear, impairment, detriment. plicity, harmlessness.
Antonyms: see benefit. Antonyms: see complicity.
injustice, n. injury, unjustness, iniquity, innocent, a. Spec, sinless, pure, blameless,
wrong. artless, chaste, guiltless, simple, harmless.
l^^ Cross references: see Note. iniquitous: unjust, wicked. injunction: bidding.
inhibit: restrain, prevent, for- iniquity: injustice, wickedness, injunctive: bidding, dictatorial,
bid. sin. inky: black.
inhibition: restraint, forbid- initiate, n.: novice. inly: interiorly, heartUy.
dance, prevention. initiate, v. t.: begin. inmesh : entangle.
Inhospitable: cool, desolate. initiative, a, & n.: beginning.' inmost: interior.
Inhume: bury. initiator: beginner. inner: interior.
Inimloal: unfriendly, opposed. initiatory: initial, beginning. innermost: interior.
inimitable: unequaled. injudicious: unwise. Inning: turn.

iS" See Notes ot EzpItu^((tt9B>

24§
 —

INSERTION
Antonyms: wicked, blamable, sin-
see sensibleness, insentience (rare), unfeeling-
ful, CONSCIOUS, CORRUPT, CRIMINAL, ness, senselessness (chiefly spec.); spec.
GUILTY. torpidity, anaesthesia (tech.), insensitive-
Innocent, n. Spec, child, dove, lamb, ness, impassiveness, induration, brass
Bimpleton; as being innocent by nature. (fig.), marble (fl^.), stone (fig.), steel
(fig.),
Antonyms: see sinner, transgressor. apathy, dullness, indifference, bluntness,
innovate, v. i. neologize {in language or deafness, deadness, lifelessness, numb-
religion), novelize (rare). ness, callousness, sluggishness, uncon-
Innovation, n. novation (rare)^ neologiza- sciousness.
tion (rare), neology or neologism (chiefly Antonyms: see feeling; also sensi-
qf.
spec), novelty. tive.
innutritions, unnutritious, innutrient
a. insensible, a. In
reference to physical
1.
(rare), innutritive (rare), jejune (literary), sensation: unfeeUng, insentient, senseless;
lean (archaic or rare), heartless (fig.; rare spec, torpid, inirritable, anaesthetic (tech.),
or dial.), inalimental (rare). insensitive, dull, obtuse, insensate, im-
Antonyms: see nourishing. passible, impassive, indifferent, dullish,
inoculate, v. t. infect; spec, invaccinate, benumbed, callous, thick-skinned,
lifeless,
vaccinate. unconscious, insusceptible, sluggish.
inoculation, n. infection; spec, invaccina- Antonyms: see sensitive, sentient.
tion (rare), vaccination, clavelization, 2. Inference to the perception of, or experi-
variolation, ovination (rare). encing of, ideas, emotions, etc.: unfeeling,
inodorous, a. odorless (the homelier, but insentient (rare), apathetic, callous, sense-
more emphatic, word); spec, scentless. less (rare); spec, torpid, blunt, insensitive,
Antonyms: see odorous. insusceptible, impassible, impassive, indif-
inoffensive, o. offenceless (rare), unoffend- ferent, deaf (fig.), hardened, thick-skinned
harmless, unobjectionable.
ing; see (fig-) J pachydermatous (humorous or af-
Antonyms: see oppensivb. fected), inirritable, insensate, unaffected,
inorganic, a. unorganized; spec, disor- inappreciative,unmoved, dead, lifeless,
ganic, mineral. benumbed, callous, sluggish, unconscious.
Antonyms: see organic. Antonyms: see impressible, sensitive,
inpouTing, n. infusion (rare, exc.ftg.). SUSCEPTIBLE, SENTIENT.
inscribe, v. t. 1. Referring to what is re- inseparable, a. undividable, indivisible,
corded by inscribing: spec, emblaze, super- undepartabie (rare), inseverable; spec, in-
scribe, subscribe, indorse, letter, tablet, dissoluble, indiscerptible (learned), indis-
write. sociable (rare), inseparate (rare), individ-
S. Referring to what is marked upon: spec. ual (rare).
mark, superscribe, subscribe, letter, en- Antonyms: see divisible.
grave, line, address. insert, v. t. introduce (more formal or
S. See dedicate. learned than "insert"); spec, infix, inter-
inscription, n. Spec. deUneation, super- pose, inwork, work, interpolate, inter-
scription, subscription, indorsement, epi- calate, inset, enter (chiefly tech.), insinu-
gram (rare), epigraph, epitaph, petro- ate, intromit (rare), inmit (rare), interline,
glyph, exergue, lapidary, epigraphy (o implant, parenthesize, sink, inlay, sub-
collective), colophon, writing, engraving, trude (rare), intrude, inweave, interpage.
address, dedication. Antonyms: see withdraw, remove.
insect, n. arthropod (tech.); spec, hexapod inserted, a. Spec, parenthetical, interca-
(tech.), bug (chiefly dial, or popular, U. S., lary, intermediate, intervening^ interca-
exc. in reference to the bedbug), buzzard lated, interbedded, interstratified, em-
(dial.), hummer, larva, ephemerid, ephem- boUsmic, epagomenic (rare), incut.
era, butterfly^ laborer, worker, nit, cole- insertion, n. 1. Referring to the act: spec.
opter, mosqmto, Hy, etc. infixion, introduction, implantation, epen-
Insectile, a. entomic (rare), insectan thetic (phonetic), immission (rare), intro-
(rare), insectiforrn (formal or tech.). mission, intercalation, interpolation,' in-
insensibility, n. insensateness (rare), in- sinuation, embolism.
f^ Cross references: see Note. Inosculate, v. i. : unite. Inquisitive: curious.
Innocuous: harmleas. Inquest: question, jury. Insalubrious: unhealthful.
Innuendo: intimation, Inquietude: uneasiness, dis- insane: deranged, unwise.
innumerable: countleaa, turbance. insatiable; greedy.
Inooulable; caiching. Inquire: question. Insatiableness: greed.
Inoflenslve: offenceless, harm' Inquiring: curious. Inscrutable: unintelligible.
less, unobjectionable. Inquiry: question, examinor Insecure: unsafe, uncertain.
Inoperative: ineffectual. tion. insensate: insensible, unwise.
Inopportune: untimely. Inquisition: gtiestion, exami- Insensitive: insensible.
Inordinate: excessive. nation. insentient: insensible.

XS" See Notes of Explanation.

243
 .

INSET
Antonyms: see withdeawal, removal. theolepsy (rare), fire, prophecy, frenzy.
2. Referring to what is inserted: spec. 3. See suggestion.
panel, insert, inlay, inset. inspire, v. t. 1. See inhale, excite, sug-
insight, n. discernment, perception, pene- gest.
tration, perceptiveness {rare), perceptiv- 2. Spec, inbreathe, embreathe (rare),
ity (rare), perspicuity (an improper use); conceit, iUumine, animate, cheer (am-
spec, clairvoyance, intuition. texiual), arouse (contextual), inculcate, in-
Antonyms: cf. blind. fuse (vnth "into"), instill.
insignificance, n. 1. meaninglessness (cf. instability, n. 1. unstableness (tech.);
meaningless). spec, tenderness, crankiness, unsteadiness,
2. smaUness, nothingness; spec, sniff eti- waveringness, wavering, changeableness,
ness (rare), triviality, poorness, unimpor- weakness.
tance. Antonyms: see firmness.
Antonyms: see dignity, importance. In reference to the mind, opinion, etc.:
2.
insignificant, a. 1. See meaningless. see changeableness.
2. small, simple (depreciatory), nothing installment, n. 1. See establishment.
(in predicative use); spec, sniffety (rare), 2. payment (contextual); spec, portion,
trivial, poor, unimportant. handsel (Eng.), earnest, kist (East Irv-
Antonyms: imposing, grand, impor-
see dian)
tant, impressive. instep, n. arch (a loose usage, "instep"
insincere, a. deceitful, empty, hollow; properly being the upper part only).
spec, half-hearted, pretended, double, instill, V. t. 1. introduce, drop, drip, dis-
farcical, unfaithful, hypocritical, disin- till (rare).
genuous, etc. I 2. See INFUSE.
Antonyms: see earnest, sincere. instinct: a. Spec, imbued, animated,
insincerity, n. deceitfulness, emptiness, moved, actuated; see animated.
hoUowness; spec, half-heartedness, dou- instinctive, a. inborn, innate; spec, intui-
bleness, farcicality, unfaithfulness, hy- tive.
pocrisy, disingenuousness, pretence, etc. institution, n. 1. See establishment,
Antonyms: see binceritt; also cf. ear- ADMISSION, beginning, LAW, CUSTOM.
nest. 2. organization; spec, academy, college,
insoluble, a. irresoluble (rare), insolvable; hospital, school, church, prison, museum,
spec, (in a secondary sense) indissoluble, theater, store, factory, etc.
unexplainable, irreducible. instructive, a. teaching, didactic (learned),
Antonyms: seesoluble. informative, docent (rare); spec, precep-
insolvent, a. bankrupt, broken, failed tive, educational, pedagogic, pedagogical,
(rare); spec, defaulting. prophetic (rare), tutory (rare).
insolvent, n. bankrupt, defaulter, lame instrument, n. 1. See agent.
duck (stock-exchange; slang). In the 2. device (contextual), appliance, imple-
United States "bankrupt" arid "insolvent" ment (chiefly spec.), engine (now literary,
differ in meaning. exc. spec); spec, utensil, tool, apparatus,
inspiration, n. 1. See inhalation. weapon, convenience.
2. In reference to mental enthusiasm, emo- 3. Referring to what affects the mind: spec.
tion, •etc.: spec, inflatus, embreathment organon or organum (learned and tech.),
entheos (obs. or rare), inbreathing,
(rare), organ.
enthusiasm (rare; as infused by the deity), 4. Referring to musical instruments: spec.

tW Cross references: see Note. Insolence: impudence. Instigate: incite.

Inset, V. t.: insert. Insolent: impvdent. Instill: introduce, inspire.
Inset, V. %.: inflow, insertion. insomnia; sleeplessness. Instinct, n.: faculty
inshrine: enehrine. insouciant: careless, uncon- instinctive: innate,
inside, n.: interior, nature, (in cerned, institute, V. I.: estailish, ad-
pi.) viscera. inspect: examine. mit, begin,
inside, a.: interior. inspection; examination. institute, school.
n..'
inside, adv.: within. inspiring; elevating, stimulat- instruct: teach, inform, bid.
Insidious; deceitful. ing, cheering, Instiuction: teaching, informa-
insidiousness; deceit. inspirit: enliven, encourage, tion, bidding,
insignia, n. pi.: badge. cheer, rouse. instrument, v. t,: arrange.
insinuate; insert, introduce, inspissate: thicken. instrumental: contributory.
intimate, ingratiate. instance, n,: urgency, incite- Instrumentality: agency,
Insinuating: penetrating, >n- ment, example, occasion. agent, contribution.
gratiating. Instance, v. t,: adduce. Insubordinate: disobedient.
insipid: tasteleea, duU. instancy: urgency. insubstantial: immaterial.
insist; state. instant, a,: urgent, immediate. Insubstantlate: embody.
Insistence: statement. Instant, n,: moment, insufferable: unhtarable.
Insistency: confidence. [Sent. instantaneous: immediate. insufficient: deficient.
insistent; affirmative, confi- Instate: establish, place, admit. Insular: island, isolated, narrow
insnare: ensnare. Instauratlon: restoration. insulate: isolate.
J^^ See Notes of Explanation.
244
 INTEMPERATE
humstrum, melodeon, melodion, piano, whole, integral, uninjured, unblemished,
flute, oboe, piccolo, horn, occarina, wood unimpaired, unsullied, complete, soimd.
or woodwind (o coUedive), brass (a col- Antonyms: see affected, broken, torn.
lective), sistrum, accordion, clarinet, intangible, a. impalpable {often spec.),
clarionet, trombone, viol, violoncello, untouchable {rare), intactUe {rare); spec.
harp, viola, viola di gamba (Italian), bag- aerial, airy, spiritous, phantom.
pipe, concertina, drum, crowd, cymbal, Antonyms: see tangible.
triangle, grafinola, victrola, player piano, intellectual, a. 1. thoughtful (context-
lyre, banjo, banjorine, harpsichord, man- ual); spec, imaginative, spiritual; see
dola, mandora, mandolin, dichord, pipe, DJTELLIGENT.
lute, triangle, violin, comet, xylophone, Antonyms: see coarse.
ukalele. 2. See MENTAL.
5. document (contextual), paper; spec. intellectual, n. Referring to a person: in-
deed, bond, deed poll, specialty, note, teUectuahty {rare), inteUigence (rare),
mortgage, bill, check or cheque, power, mind, talent.
grant, settlement, writ, etc. intelligence, n. 1. As referring to a faculty
insult, V. t. abuse (cont^xtiuil); spec, out- of the mind: intellect, mentality, under-
rage, affront, sauce, cheek (skmg). standing {often spec.), brain or {pi.)
Antonyms: see consider. brains {colloq.), nous (spec, exc. in edu-
Insult, n. abuse {contextual), insultation cated colloquial use); spec, reason, cogni-
(rare); spec, outrage, affront, sauce, tion, cogmzance, apperception^ apprehen-
cheek (slang), indignity, insolence. sion, comprehension, sense, inteUigency
Antonyms: see flattery. {rare), memory, imagination, thought,
insuperable, a. insurmountable, invinci- consideration, insight.
ble, unconquerable. 2. As referring to a fact or quality admit-
insurable, a. assurable {chiefly British), ting of degrees or comparison: spec, bright-
coverable (cant). ness, sagacity, quickness, readiness,
insurance, n. 1. assurance. In the United shrewdness, cleverness, smartness, keen-
States "insurance" is now the term in gcTV- ness, subtlety, subtiUty {rare), sharpness,
eral popular and technical use for all kinds knowingness, wit.
of contracts. In Great Britain "insur- Antonyms: see stupidity.
ance" is the general term in popular use, 8. See INFORMATION.
but in technical usage "assurance" is used intelligent, a. 1. As having the faculty of
in the names and literature of the majority intelligence: intellectual, understanding,
of the life insurance companies, and "iri- sensible, cognitive {learned or tech.).
surance" is similarly used for flre, marine, 2. As having an unusual degree of intelli-
and accident insurance. gence: spec, bright, apprehensive {rare),
2. See GUARANTY. sagacious, shrewd, clever, smart {in one
insurance, v. i. Spec, underwrite. sense now chiefly U. S.), keen, subtle,
insure, v. t. 1. assure, cover {cant or colloq.). sharp, knowing, instructed, knowledge-
2. See GUARANTEE. able, brainy (colloq.), well-informed,
insurer, n. 1. In reference to the one assume adept, learned, scient (rare), downy
ing the obligation: assurer, underwriter. {slang), wide-awake, gnostic {humorous),
2. In reference to the one securing protec- cunning {archaic), wise, canny {in a good
tion: insurant, insured, assured, insuree sense; archaic Scot.), leery {slang), cute
{rare), assurer. {colloq.), quick-witted, intuent {rare), fly
insurgence, insurgency, n. disturbance (slang).
{contextual), outbreak, uprising or rising, Antonyms: see unintelligent, imbe-
insurrection, revolt, rebellion; spec, revo- cile, STUPID.
lution, mutiny, sedition. intelligibility, n. easiness {contextual;
insurgent, a. insurrectional, insurrection- colloq.); spec, plainness {colloq.), evident-
ary; spec, seditious, rebellious, rebel, re- ness, palpabiUty, palpableness, perspic-
volting, mutinous, revolutionary. uousness, perspicuity, lucidness, uicidity.
insurrect, v. i. rebel, rise, revolt. intelligible, o. easy (contextual; colloq^;
intact, a. unaffected {contextual), entire. spec, plain, clear, obvious, manifest

f^ Cross references: see Note. insurrectional; ineurgent. Integumentali ekin.

lasupportable: unbearable, in- in8UBcepUbl«; ineeneible. intellect: inteUigence, thinker,
de/eneible. intaglio: engraving. mind.
Inanpposable: unthirtkable. integer: number, whole. Intellection: underetanding,
IniuppTeHlUe: irrepreeeibh. Integral: component, intact. idea.
IniurmountaU*: intuptrabl; Integrant: component. Intellective: mental.
unscalable. Integrate: complete. intemperance: exceas.
Insurreotlon: ineurgence. Integument: ekin. intemperate: exceeeite.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

17 245
 ; —

INTEND
{rather leamea or formal), evident, open, intercourse, n. communication, dealings
palpable, perspicuous, lucid. {pi; familiar), congress {rare), conversa-
Antonyms:' see unintelligible. tion (rare, exc. spec), commerce {now
intend, v. i. propose, mean (chiefly with chiefly literary and archaic), consuetude
an infinitive cUmse as its object; now (o Latinism); spec, connection, con-
chiefly spec), calculate [colloq., U. S.), sortion intercommunion (rare),
{rare),
purpose (rare); spec, design, contem- communion and chiefly liter-
{elevated
plate, aim, destine (chiefly in the passive), ary), fellowship, community, converse,
wiU, direct. intelligence {rare), practice {archaic),
Intense, a. 1. strong, violent, tense, sharp, truck {colloq.), neighborship, correspond-
potent, extreme, keen, high; spec, acute, ence.
exquisite, grievous, poignant, deep, dense, Antonyms: see nonintercouese.
sore, marked, passionate, vivid. interest, n. See right, business, ad-
1.
Antonyms: see weak. vantage, party.
2. See EARNEST. 2. as in "a matter of interest": feeling,
intensify, v. t. & i. heighten, intensate concern, concernment {literary).
{rare), strengthen, enhance {chiefly spec.) Antonyms: see indifference.
spec, concentrate, sharpen, raise, whet, 3. premium, usury {obs. or archaic, exc.
deepen, thicken, embody, aggravate, spec), use {archaic), usance {archaic), dis-
strengthen. count.
Antonyms: see abate, fade, weaken, Antonyms: see principal.
BELAX. Interest, v. t. 1. See AFFECT.
intensity, n. 1. strength, power, inten- 2. engage; spec, grip, absorb, excite, oc-
sion {bookish), tension or {less common) cupy, hold, amuse, frighten, please, hor-
tensity; spec, degree, pitch, accent, point, rify, etc.
grade, potency, potence (rare), keenness, interesting, a. Spec exciting, cunning
violence, sharpness, extremity, soreness, {U. S.), funny, pleasing, etc.
height, vividness, vividity {rare), pas- Antonyms: see tjninterestinq.
sionateness, passion, edge, depth, energy, interfere, v. i. 1. Chiefly in reference to
density. horses: hitch, strike; spec, overreach,
Antonyms: see weakness. forge, grab, click.
2. earnestness (c/. earnest). 2. See COLLIDE, conflict, interpose.
intensive, o. intensitive (rare), intensa- interior, a. t. internal, inner, intern
tive {rare), intensifying; spec, emphasiz- {poetic or archaic), inward, intraneous
ing. {rare), inside; spec, inmost, inner-
intention. Referring to the will or ac- most, within (always predicative), in-
tion of the mind: meaning {archaic or ob- timate (learned or tech.), intracanal,
solescent), intent {now chiefly legal), intralobular, intramolecular, intramun-
mind {as in, "I have a mind to go"), pur- dane, intramural, intraocular, intra-
pose, aim; spec, design, contemplation, petalar, intrapetiolar, intraseptal, in-
calculation {colloq., U. S.), distinction, tranterine, intravascular, intravenous,
will, thought, coimsel, view, forepurpose intraventricular.
{rare), direction. Antonyms: see exterior, surpace.
intentional, purposed, purposive, con-
a. 2. See MENTAL, SPIRITUAL, DOMESTIC, etC.
scientious, designed; intended; spec, spon- interior, n. 1. inside; spec, bowels {pi.;
taneous, willing, wiUful, voluntary, con- fig.), womb {fig.), heart (fig.), recess, beUy
templated, deliberate, advised, free, etc. {fig.), center.
Antonyms: see dnintentional, chance, Antonyms: see surface, exterior,
ACCIDENTAL. BORDER.
intentionality, n. willingness, voluntari- 2. See inland, spirit.
ness, purposeness {rare), willfulness, etc. interiorly, adv. internally, inwardly, with-
interact, v. i. Spec, interplay, engage, in, inly.
mesh, reciprocate. interlace, v. t. I. unite, bind, entangle;
Interceptive, a. stopping, checking, in- all three contextual.
clusive. 2. (See diversify.

9^^ Cross references; see Note.
intend, v, t: mean.
Intended, a.: intentional.
intended, n.: betrothed.
Intendment: meaning.
Intent, a.: attentive, earneat.
Intent, n.: intention, meaning,
object.
Inter: burg.
Interact: interlude.
interbreed, o. t.: croee.
intercalate: ineert.
intercede: interpose.
intercept: atop, include.
intercliange: exchange, alternate.
interdict, v. t.: forbid.
interdict, n..* decree.
interfering: confliclorv.
interfuse: mix, pervade.
interim, n.: internal.
interjacent: 'inlermedialt.
interject: inject, interpoat,
comment.
tnterlinit: interlace.

IW See Notes of Explanation.

246
 INTERTWIST
S. complicate (contextiud); spec, knit, tent, broken, intermissive {rare); spec,
weave, lace, pleach, twist, interknit, im- spasmodic, fitful, capricious, ^sty, squal-
plicate (rare), impleach (rare), intervolve, ly, periodical, periodic, flickering.
interweave, interwreathe, plait, plash, ArUonyms: see constant.
twine, intertwist, trellis (rare), raddle interpolate, V. t. 1. Spec, falsify, adulter-
(rare). ate.
Interlaced, interwoven, knit, implicate
a. 2. add (contextual), insert, interpose, in-
(rare); spec, matted, matty (rare). troduce; spec, interline, interlineate, in-
Interlay, v. t. Spec, interlaminate, inter- terjaculate.
bed, interlap, interleave. Antonyms: see efface.
Interleave, v. t. In reference to a book: in- interpolation, to. addition (contextvai),
terfoliate (rare). insertion, gag (slang or cant); spec, inter-
Interlude, TO. interact, entr'acte (French); lineation, etc.
spec, exode or exodium, ritomeUe, ritor- interpose, v. t. insert, introduce, interpone
nello (Italian), intermezzo (Italian). (obs. or Scots law), interlocate (rare); spec.
intermarriage, n. alliance, marriage. interject, sandwich; see interpolate.
intermediacy, n. intermediateness, in- interpose, V. i. Spec, intermediate, medi-
tervention. ate, intercede, intervene, interfere, tam-
intermediary, n. Spec, intermediate, per, meddle, intermeddle, intromit (chief-
agent, middleman, medium, mean, inter- ly Scot.), interrupt.
medium, go-between (often depreciatory), interposition, TO. 1. insertion, introduc-
intervener, interagent. tion; s^jec. interjection, interpolation, in-
intermediate, a. mediate (rare), medial tercalation, interlocation, gag.
(chiefly spec.); spec, intermediary, median 2. Spec, intermediation, mediation, in-
(chiefly in scientific use), middle, inter- tervention, interference, meddling, inter-
jacent, medium, mean, mesne, interven- meddling, interposal (rare), intromission
mg,. intervenient, transitional, iterlo- (chiefly Scot.).
bate, interlobular, interlocular, inter- interrupt, v. t. Spec, intercept, obstruct,
maxillary, intermolecular, intermundane, stop, pretermit, break, intersect, cut,
intermuscular, intemarial, intemasal, in- check, quit, interlude, etc.
terneural, interoceanic, interopercular, interruption, n. Spec, break, intercep-
internodal, interosseal, interosseous, in- tion, obstruction, stoppage, stop (rare,
terplanetary, interpolar (rore), inter- exc. in certain phases), pretermission, in-
pleural, interradial, interramal, interrenal, tersection, cut, breaJi, check, quitting,
mterparietal, interscapular, intersidereal cut-oS (chiefly coUoq., exc. tech.), csesura,
(rare), interstellar, interseptal, interstrial, etc.
interspatial, interstitial, mterspinal, in- intersect, V. t. cross {coniexluaJ) , cut
terspinous, intertrochlear, intervalvular, (spec., exc. fig.), countersect (rare); spec.
intervascular, intervenient, interventric- intervein, interrupt.
ular, intervertebral, intervisoeral. ArUonyms: see parallel.
Antonyms: see immediate. intersecting, a. crossing (contextual), se-
intermission, n. I. cessation, interrup- cant (chiefly tech.), across (used predicor-
tion (contextual), intermittence (less com- tively), intersectional, intersecant, cutting
mon than "intermission"), skip; spec. (spec, exc. fig.), etc.
lull, pause, rest, suspension, intermittency ArUonyms: see parallel.
(rare). intersection, n. 1. crossing (contextvai),
INTERVAL.
2. <See intercrossing; spec, decussation, chiasma.
intermit, v. t. abate, suspend, respite 2. Spec, road, crossway (often in pi.),
(rare), interrupt. crossmg, cross (rare), carfax (obs. or local
Antonyms: see contintje. Eng.), crosspath, crossroad (often in pi.).
intermittency, to. 1. Spec, fitfulness, interspace, to. interval, skip (rare); spec.
periodicity. iaterlude (^.), gap, intervolute, interstice.
2. See INTEKMISSION. intersperse, v. t. mtermingle; spec, lard,
intermittent, a. discontinuous, remit- interlard, shed (rore; chiefly in p. p.),
X^ Cross references: see Note. Interment: burial. Interpellate: guuKon.
Interline: add, iTuerl. Interminable: endlaae. Interplay, v. i.: interact.
Interlink: connect. Intermlnate: endleee, infiniU. Interpret: explain, tranelate.
Interlooutoi: conwaer. Intermix: mix. [ponent. interpretation: explanation,
Interloper: intruder. Intermixture: mixture, com- meaning, tranelation.
Intermarry: marry. Intern, a.; interior. Interregnum: interval.
Intermeddle: initrpot: Intern, n.; tntnatt. Interrogate, Interrogation,
Intermediary: mediatorv, in- Internecine: destructive. Interrogatory: question.
termediale. Internunolo; diplomatic agent. Intertwine: interlace.
Intermedium: intermediary. InteroBculate: unite. Intertwist: interlace.

t9° See Notes of Explanation.

247
 INTERVAL
sprinkle or (less usual) intersprinkle, in- intolerant, o. impatient (used with "of),
tersow (rare), scatter, diversify. incompatible, narrow-minded.
interval, n. 1. Referring to time: distance Antonyms: see tolerant, patience._
(only in "distance of time"), skip, space; intone, v. t. intonate; spec, chant, recite,
spec, spell, pause, recess, interregnum accentuate, monotone, sing.
(oftenf^.), meantime, elapse (rare), inter- intoxicant, n. Spec, dehrifacient, bhang
medium (rare), interlude, interim, paren- (India), delirant, toxicant.
thesis (rare), interruption, difference, in- intoxicate, v. t. inebriate; spec, besot, tip-
terlunation, interlude. sify (colloq. and rare), disguise (archaic),
2. In reference to a diference of sounds in fuddle (colloq.), befuddle (an intensive),
pitch: skip; spec, discord, step, disso- fox (rare), mellow, stew (slang), corn
nance, complement, tone, diastem, (slang), maudlinize (rare), tipple, poison,
diesis, diaschisma, ditone, heptachord, excite, stupefy.
tritone, semitone, second, third, fifth, Antonyms: see sober.
quint, etc. intoxicated, a. 1. inebriate or inebriated
3. See INTERSPACE, BOTTOM. or inebrious (often euphemistic), drunk
intestinal, a. visceral (contextual), enteric (the ordinary, blunt word), ebriate or ebri-
(rare or tech.); spec, duodenal, rectal. ose (rare and humorous), bowzy or boozy
intestine, n. viscera (contextual), bowel (slang), disguised (archaic), drunken
(homelier or more familiar; rare in sing.), (more dignified and less emphatic than
gut (now vulgar, exc. in tech. use); spec. "drunk"; chiefly used as an attributive),
fleum, jejunum, colon, csecum, rectum, wet (colloq.); spec, tipsy (less emphatic
duodenum, chitterlings (pi.). than "drunk"), foxed (rare), merry, whis-
intimacy, n. 1. closeness, nearness; spec. kyfied (humorous), muddy (contextual),
familiarity, depth. vinolent (rare), jolly (euphemistic), maud-
2. See AMOira. hn, tight (slang), swify (slang), queer
intimate, close (referring to likeness of
a. (slang), fluffy (slang), bosky (slang), high
interest, near (a weaker term than
etc.), (slang or colloq.), mellow (euphemistic),
"close"), strict (rare); spec, bosom, par- groggy (slang or colloq.), glorious, screwed
ticular, homeUke, home, familiar, special, or screwy (slang), corned or corny (slang
deep, coniBdential, chummy (colloq.). or colloq.), cut (slang), stewed (slang),
Antonyms: see formal. see sober.
intixaate, n. associate (contextiuil) ; spec. 2. See excited.
friend, chum (colloq. or slang), familiar; intoxicated person, drunk (coUoq. or
see comrade. cant), inebriate.
intimate, v. t. 1. See annottnce. intoxicating, a. intoxicative (rare), in-
2. As implying indirection in statement: ebriative, intoxicant, inebriating, hard
indicate (contextual), hint, suggest; spec. (U. S.; colloq.; contrasted udth "soft"),
insinuate, sneer, innuendo (rare), slur heady (colloq.), methystic (rare); spec, de-
(rare). hrifacient, delirant.
intimation, n. I. See announcement, intoxication, n. 1. inebriation, inebriety
DASH. (chiefly spec), drunkenness, ebriosity
2.indication (contextual), implication, (rare), disguise (archaic), ebriety (rare or
hint, suggestion; spec, insinuation, in- euphemistic); spec, stupefaction, sottish-
nuendo, sneer, slur, item (obs. or local ness, groggjness (colloq. or slang), besot-
U. S.), inkling, glance. tedness, tipsiness (colloq.), temulency
Intimidate, v. t. frighten, daunt, quail (rare), temulence (rare), opiism, kef or
(chiefly literary); spec, subdue, terrorize, keif or kief, dipsomania.
rally, bullyrag, browbeat, faze, overbear, 2. jSee EXCITEMENT, ECSTASY.
bulldoze, cow, overawe, craven (chiefly intractable, a. 1. unmanageable, tough
literary), abash, buUy. (colloq.), untractable (rare), ungovern-
Antonyms: see assure, cajole, coax. able, uncontrollable; spec, refractory
into, prep, intil (Scot.); spec, within. (chiefly spec), stubborn, obstinate, res-
intoed, a. pigeon-toed. tive, mulish, cross-grained (colloq.), con-
intolerance, n. impatience (u^ed with trarious, idocile, perverse, unruly, in-
"of"), intoleration (rare); spec, incompati- disciphnable, irreconcilable, self-willed,
bility, incompatibleness. impracticable.

(^ Cross references: see
InteiTale: bottom.
intervene: occur, interpose.
Intervenlent: intermediate.
Interview, n.: conference.
Note. interview, i>. (.; gueatton.
Intervolve: interlace.
Interweave: interlace.
Interwind; interlace.
Intestine, a.: domeetie.
Intolerable: unbearable.
Intonate: intone.
Intoxicant: intoxicating.
Intransigent: irreconcilahlet
radical.

S^° See Notes of Explanation.

248
 INVENTED
Antonyms: see adaptable, manage- introspection, n. self-examination, self-
able. reflection, introversion, inlook (rare).
a. See REFRACTOBT. introspective, n. self-examining, subjec-
Intrench, Spec, circumvallate, dike.
v. t. tive.
Intrigue, v. i. plan (contextual), deceive introvert, v. t. turn (often with "inside
(contextual), scheme, maneuver or ma^ out"); spec, invaginate, intussuscept.
ncEuvre, plot, machinate, wirepull (chiefly intrude, v. t. 1. See insert.
in p. pr.); spec, conspire, cabal. 2. Spec, obtrude, interpose.
intrigue, n. 1. plan (contextual), deception Antonyms: see withdraw.
(contextual), scheme, plot, maneuver or intrude, v. i. Spec, obtrude, impose, in-
manoeuvre, machination, intriguery; spec. terlope, intervene, encroach, interfere,
cabal, wirepulling, Machiavellianism, con- trespass (often fig.).
spiracy. Antonyms: see withdraw.
2. See AMOUR. intruder, n. Spec, obtruder, imposer, in-
intriguer, n. intriguist, schemer, plotter, terloper, stranger, etc.
maneuverer, machinator spec, wirepuller, intrusion, n. 1. See introduction.
;

Machiavellian, Machiavel (fy.). 2. Spec, obtrusion, interposition, inter-

intriguing, a. deceitful (contextual), plan- vention, irruption, imposition, encroach-
ning (contexttud), crooked, tortuous; spec. ment, invasion, trespass (often fig.), in-
Machiavellian, wirepulling, etc. tra vasation.
Antonyms: see frank. intrusive, a. 1. Spec, obtrusive; interven-
introduce, v. t. 1. See insert. ient, irruptive (rare), institutive (rare),
2. Referring to causing a thingj svbject invasive, epenthetic.
matter, etc., to come into a sphere of action, invalid (pron. inrvdl'id), a. 1. void, null,
thought, consideration, etc.: spec, bring, nugatory, bad, unsound.
immit (rare), intertrude (rare), intromit Antonyms: see valid, binding.
(rare), insinuate, inject, infuse, start, in- 2. See ILLOGICAL.
terfuse (rare), instill, inoculate, implant, invalid (pron. in'vd-lid), n. valetudina-
initiate, usher, import (chiefly commer- rian (chiefly spec).
cial), herald, ingest, infiltrate, induct, invalidate, v. t. abolish, nullify, annul, dis-
present, inwork, table, broach, inweave, annul, unmake, void (rare), avoid (rare or
initiate, read, immigrate, prelude, begin, tech.), undo (rare), vitiate, vacate (chiefly
precede, foist, drag (vn). spec), invalid (rare), infirm (rare); spec.
Antonyms: see withdraw. cancel, abrogate, quash, reverse, repeal.
introduction, n. 1. See insertion. Antonyms: see confirm.
2. Spec, initiation, injection, insinuation, invalidity, n. nullity, voidness, nugatori-
intrusion, induction (rare), opening, im- ness (rare).
port (chiefly commercial), beginning, etc. invaluable, a. unvaluable (rare), priceless,
Antonyms: see withdrawal. inestimable, impayable (French).
3. Referring to the thing that introduces: Antonyms: see worthless.
spec, prodromeor prodromus (rare), ex- invasion, n. Spec intrufsion, visitation, in-
ordium, preface, protasis, proem, pri- cursion, inroad (often used fig.), irruption
mordium (rare), prelusion (rare), pre- (rare), creagh or creach (Irish and Scot.),
liminary, prelude, preludium (rare), raid, foray, infall (rare), encroachment.
credential, isagogue (rare), prolusion Antonyms: see retreat.
(rare), prologue, prolocution (rare), pre- invasive, aggressive intrusive, incursive.
a.
amble. inveigh, v. i. declaim; spec, rail, thunder.
Introductory, a. Spec, initial, introduc- invent, v. t. originate, devise, contrive,
tive, inductory (rare), precursory, pro- create; spec, spin, frame, fabricate, forge,
emial, prodomal (rare), initiary (rare), in- design, coin (often depreciatory), mint,
tromissive (rare), ingestive, exordial, pre- improvise, feign (rare), concoct.
liminary, isagogic (rare), prelusive (rare), Antonyms: see imitate.
manuductory (rare), preludial (rare), pro- invented, o. fictitious, contrived, forged,
lusory (rare), propaedeutic. etc.

XW Cross references: see Note. IntroTerBlon: introspection. inure: accrue, accustom, Umgh-
intrench, v. t: circumvallate, IntTovert: reverse. en,
dike. Intrust, V. t.: trust. inurn: bury.
intrench, v. i.: encreaeh. Intuition: knowledge, insight. inutility: uselessness.
Intrepid: bold. Intuitive: perceptive. Invade: enter, violate, attack.
Intricacy: complexity. intumesoe: swell, dilate, in- Invaginate: reverse.
Intricate: complicated. flate, invalid: ailing.
Intrigant: conepirator. Intussuscept: reverse. invariable: constant.
Intrinsic: inherent. In twine: interlace. invective: denunciation.
Intromit: introduct, insert. Inunct: anoint. inveigle: cajole.

tS' See Notes of Explanation.

249
 INVENTION
Invention, n. 1. origination, devising, fic- invisible, a. unseeable {a less usual term),
tion, creation; spec, design {rare, exc. of viewless (rare); spec, imdiscernable, un-
the thing invented) ^ improvisation, fabrica^ apparent.
tion, mintage, comage, device {rare, exc. Antonyms: see vtsible.
of the power of devising), contrivance, invitation, n. invitement {rare), bid {col-
creation, concoction, ingenuity {referring loq. or slang), call {spec, or fig), calling;
only to inventive quality or character). spec, biddance or bidding {spec, or fig.).
Antonyms: see imitation. solicitation, challenge, etc.
2. See DISCOVERT. invite, v. t. 1. ask, call (spec, exc. fig.), hiA
inventive, o. concoctive, creative, ingen- {spec., exc. fig.; often slang); spec, sohcit,
ious. challenge, court.
Antonyms: see imitative. 2. See attract, entice, allow.
_

invest, v. t. 1. See clothe, admiTj en- invocation, n. summoning, conjuration,

velope. attestation (archaic); spec. oath.
2. Referring insignia of office or the func-
to invoke, v. t. 1. See ASE.
tions or privileges of office: spec, vest, 2. summon, invocate (rare); spec, attest
seize, gird. (archaic), conjure, wish.
Antonyms: see deprive. involuntary, a. Spec, automatic, spon-
3. endue or indue {now rare or alluding to taneous, mechanical, will-less (rare).
Biblical use), clothe, endow. Antonyms: see voluntary.
Antonyms: see deprive. involute, a. 1. See complex.
4. surround {contextual); spec, besiege 2. inroUed (rare); spec, spiral.
{the formal military term), beset, be- involution, n. t. See complexity.
leaguer {now rare), blockade. 2. involvement; spec, inclusion, implica-
5. Jnreference to funds: complexity, comphcation, engage-
place {contextual), tion,
put {contextual); spec, sink, ment, embarrassment, degeneration, mul-
embark, fund,
venture, risk. tiplication, envelopment, entanglement.
investigate, v. t. examine; spec, study, involve, v. t. 1. See include, imply, com-
scrutinize, sift, search, overhaul, scrutate plicate, ENVELOPE, ENTANGLE.
{rare), research {rare), perscrutate {rare), 2. implicate (referring more to the imputed
indagate {rare), inquisition {rare), ques- blame or fault than to the personal conse-
tion. quence); spec, inculpate, incriminate,
investigation, n. examination; spec. criminate, commit, entangle or (rare)
study, scrutiny, search, overhauUng, tangle, mire.
scrutation {rare), research {rare), per- invulnerable, a. unassailable, woundless
scrutation {rare), inquisition {rare or (rare).
tech.), indagation {rare), inquiry, dialec- Antonyms: see vulnerable.
tic, pilpul. irascibility, n. irritability, biliousness (fig.
investiture, n. 1. See clothing. or colloq.), fieriness, etc. Cf. irascible.
2. investment {a less usual term), inves- irascible, a. hot-blooded {suggesting a nch
ture {rare), vestment {rare). live fullness of feeling or passion as the
S. admission, installation; spec, ordina^ cause), quick, ireful (rare or rhetorical),
tion, vestment, investure {rare). iracund (rare), irritable, dyspeptic, im-
4. enduement or induement; spec, en- patient, choleric (becoming learned or lit-
dowment. erary), bilious (fig. or colloq.); spec, pas-
inviolability, n. inviolableness, inviolacy sionate, petulant, passionful (rare), testy,
{rare); spec, hallo wedness {rare or ar- tetchy or (now more usiuil) touchy,
chaic), hoUness, sanctity, sacredness, sao- cranky, waspish, brainish (archaic), im-
rosanctity, sacrosanctness {rare). patient, snappish, currish, snarly (colloq.),
inviolable, a. Spec, hallowed {now ar- fiery, fretful, fretty (a weaker term
chaic, Biblical, or rhetorical), holy, sacra- than "fretful"), hasty, crabbed, splen-
mental, sacred, sacrosanct {a formal word etic or splenitive (rare) or spleeny or
for "sacred"). spleenish (all four fig.), restless, nettle-
inviolate, o. intemerate (literary), in viti- some, peevish, nettly (rare), peppery (col-
ate {rare), unblemished, inviolated, unde- loq.), pettish (colloq.).
filed. Antonyms: see calm, peaceful, patient.
1^^ Cross references; see Note. Invidious; hateful. involved: complex.
Inventory: list. invigorate: strengthen, refresh. inward: interior, incoming,
Inverse, a.: opposite. invincible: unconquerable. mental, spiritual, hidden, essen-
Inverse, n,: opposite, reverse. invocate: invoke. tial.
invert: reverse. invocation: address. inworlc: insert.
inveterate: chronic, habitual, invoice, n.: list, goods. iota: particle.
deep. invoice, V. t: list, bill. irade: decree.

X^' See Notes of Explanation.

250
 ,

ISLANDER
Irldesoe, Spec, opalesce, opalize (rare).
v. i. trievable, hopeless, remediless, irrecover-
iTldescence, n. Spec, opalescence, reflet able, irreplaceable, unchangeable.
{French), iris, irisation (rare), nacreous- irrepressible, a. Spec, insuppressible, un-
ness, rainbow, prismaticness, sunbow, smotherable (rare), unquenchable, in-
versicolor (rare). coercible.
Iridescent, o. Spec, opalescent, opalesque irresistible, a. resistless (a terser, more em-
(rare), opaline, nacreous, nacrous, pris- phatic word than "irresistible"), overpower-
matic. ing, overwhelming, killing (coUoq. or slang
Antonyms: see dtoii. hyperbole), stunning (colloq. or slang hy-
Irishman, n. Hibernian, Teague (a nick- perbole), knockdown (colloq. or slang).
name), Mick (a jocular or contem,ptuoits irresolute, a. indecisive, spineless, uncon-
nickname). Paddywhack (coUoq.; a con- firmed (rare); spec, unsteadfast, change-
temptuous or jocular nickname), Paddy (a able, inconstant, undecided, unstable,
contemptiums or jocular nickname; colhq.), feeble-minded, hesitating, ficlcle.
Greek or Grecian (slang), Bog-trotter (a irresponsible, a. unaccountable.
contemptuous nickname), Irishry (a collec- irrevocable, a. Spec, irreversible, irre-
tive pi); spec. Fenian, Sinn-Feiner. pealable.
iron, a. ferrous (tech.); spec, ironish (rare), irritable, a. touchy; spec, peevish; see
irony, chalybeate, ferruginous, ferrous, irascible, excitable.
ferric, iron-clad. irritate, v. t. 1. excite (contextual), touch
Irrational, n. unreasoning, unthinking, (contextual), rile (colloq., and now chiefly
unreasonable (chiefly spec?); spec, brain- U. S.), aggravate (colloq.); spec, nae,
less, brute, brutish, reasonless, insane, rasp (by harshly offending the sensibilitie^,
absurd, unwise, foolish, idiotic, fantastic, roughen (colloq.), spite, ruffle, roil (equiv.
etc. of rile"; U. S. and dial.), jar (now usu-
Antonyms: see rational, bbasonable. aUy considered slang), grate, nettle, in-
irreconcilable, n. different, inconsistent; flame, prod, fret, exacerbate, annoy," an-
spec, intransigent. ger, worry, etc.
irregular, a. I. exorbitant (now rare, ar- Antonyms: see calm, pacify.
chaic, or spec); spec, illegitimate, inor- 2. Med. and physiol.; spec, inflame, ex-
dinate, heteromorphous, disorderly, im- acerbate, rub, counterirritate.
proper, abnormal, informal, uneven, irritated, a. Spec, warm, nettled, exacer-
changeable, unsettled, baroque, eccentric, bated, etc.
ragged, unequal, heteroclite (rare), erratic, irritating, o. Spec, irritative, exciting,
unmeasured (rare), uncanonical, unsys- nettling, grating, excitatory, irritant, pro-
t«matic, bastard, crabbed, unparliamen- vocative, inflammatory, annoying, anger-
tary, snatchy, foul, licentious, tortuous, ing, worrying, provoking, etc.
unequal. Antonyms: see calmative.
Antonyms: see regular, periodic. irritation, n. 1. excitement (contextwal)
3. Referring to surface: spec, unequal, un- irritancy (rare); spec, anger, ill temper,
even, humpy, hummocky, hillocky, rough, annoyance, worry, etc.
hilly, mountainous, knotty, bunchy. 2. Referring to what irritates: spec, provo-
Antonyms: see even. cation, aggravation (colloq.), gall (fig.),
irrelevant, a. unrelated, extraneous, for- annoyance, vexation, itch, burn, acridity,
eign, impertinent (chiefly legal), illogical, etc.
inconsequent, unessential or inessential. island, n. isle (now usually poetic, exc.
Antonyms: see relative. spec); spec, holm, holme, islet, ait, eyot,
irreligious, a. Spec, impious, ungodly, islot or ilot (rare), inch (Scot.), key or cay,
godless, irreverent, ribald, indevout or calf, knoll.
undevoutr profane, blasphemous, wicked. Antonyms: see mainland.
Antonyms: see religiotts, devout. island, a. insular (formal), insulary (rare).
irremissible, a. 1. See unforgivable. island, v. t. insulate (formal), enisle (rare),
2. obUgatory, irremmciable. isle (rare).
irreparable, a. Spec, irremediable, irre- islander, n. insular (formal), insulary

1^" Cross references: see Note. irredeemable: abandoned, irreproacbable: faultless,

irate: angry. hopeless. blameless.
Ire: anger. Irreducible: insoluble iTTetrlCTable: irreparable.
ireful: angry, iraadble. Irreformable: abandoned. irreverent: disrespectful, im-
Ironclad, a.: armored. irrefragable: undeniable. pious.
ironical: dissembling, sarcas- Irremediable: incurable, irrep- Irreversible: irrevocable.
tic. arable. irrigate: water, wash.
Irradiate: light, brighten. IrremoTable: fixed, permanent. irritant: irritating.
Irreclaimable: abandoned. Irrepealable: irrevocable. irruption: breaking, invasion.

IS' See Notes of Explanation.

251
 .

ISOLATE
{rare), islandman {rare or heal), isleman itinerary, n. Spec, route, circuit, guide-
{rare or spec). book.
isolate, v. t. separate, insulate {rare, exc. ivory, a. ebumean or eubumian {rare),
spec); spec, segregate, quarantine. eburnine {rare); spec. ivoryUke, ebur-
isolated, a. insmated, insular; spec, segre- neoid {rare).
gate {rare), alone (o postpositive), solitary, ivy, a. hederaceous {rare), hederal {rare),
incommunicable. hederic {chem.).
issuable, o. utterable {now rare or spec).
issue, n. 1. Referring to the act of coming
out: issuance {U. S.); spec, exit, escape, jack, n. Referring to cards: knave, varlet
process {rare), flow, outburst, outspring {obs.); spec, bower, pam {obs.).
{rare), egress, sally, sortie, procession, jackanapes, n. Spec, pert {obs.), puppy
emergence, emanation, debouchment, ex- {colloq.), coxcomb, saucebox {coUoq.).
udation, emigration, outflow, discharge, jacket, n. coat {contextual); spec, wam-
effervescence, etc. mus {local, U. S.), dolman, cardigan,
Antonyms: see entrance. camisole, doublet, vareuse {French),
2. Referring to the act of sending out: emis- sweater, polka, norfolk, reefer, blouse,
sion {chiefly spec); spec utterance, envoy haqueton, grego, cassock, jupe {Scot.),
{archaic), wise {chiefly Eng.), delivery, jumper.
discharge. janitor, n. concierge {French; chiefly spec,
3. Of what issues or is issued: spec, dis- in Eng.); spec, doorkeeper, custodian.
charge, stream, emission, flux, outpour, jar, n. crock {contextu/il; obsolescent or lit-
catarrh, edition, offspring, produce, etc. erary); spec, dolium, can {loose for "glass
4. See OUTCOME, event, dispute, re- jar"), bocal {French), hydria, olla {Span-
sult, EFFECT, etc. ish), cruse, guggler.
issue, V. i. 1. depart {contextual), egress; jar, V. i. 1. See grate.
spec, exit, emanate, debouch, flow {often 8. shake {contextual); spec jolt, jotince.
fig.), gush (by flowing violently), furnace, jargon, n. 1. See chatter.
burst {used with "out," "forth," etc), es- 8. cant, canting, slang; spec, gibberish,
cape, stream, proceed, sally, sortie, ap- argot, babel, dialect, Hegelese {contemptu-
pear, emerge, come {chiefly with "out," ous), Chinook, shop.
forth," etc?), rise, spout, spurt, spirt, run jaw, n. 1. jawbone, mandible {tech. and
{fig.), well {chiefly with "up" "forth," chiefly spec), maxilla {tech. and chiefly
etc.), effervesce, exude, arise, descend, spec), jowl {now rare, exc. spec), choUer
spring, outspring {poetic). {dial. Eng. and Scot.), chap or chop {now
Antonyms: see enter. obsolescent or rare, exc. of brutes or as con-
8. See eventuate, result, accrue. temptuous).
issue, V. t. 1. deUver {contextual), emit; 2. In pi.: spec, mouth, throat, entrance.
spec, expedite, discharge. jeer, v. i. t. &
ridicule {contextuM), scoff,
8. Spec, publish, give, utter, outgive {po- jape, jibe, gibe, flout, gird {archaic),
etic). frump {archaic), fleer, gleek {obs.); spec
istbmus, n. neck, tarbet (Jbcal, Scot.). mock, taunt, jest, hoot.
itch, n. 1. psora {tech.; rare); spec, scabies, jeer, n. scoff, flout, gibe, jibe, jape, fleer,
pruritus, prurigo, prurience, mange. gird {archaic), frump {archaic), gleek
8. See DESIRE, inclination. {obs.), hit {colloq.), outfling {rare); spec
•itchy, a. scabious {tech.), psoric {tech.); mock, taunt, shy {slang), quip, sarcasm,
spec, mangy, prurient. sneer, jest, bob {colloq.).
item, n. detail, particular; spec, entry, jeerer, n. ridiculer {conteietuaT) , scoffer;
article, local, term, paragraph. spec, taunter, sneerer, ribald {rare), etc.
itinerant, a. traveling, itinerary, peripa- jeering, o. ridiculing, scoffing, frumpish
tetic or peripatetical {often humorous) {rare); spec ribaldrous, etc.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. jacket, V. t.: clothe, cover, en- jangle, n.: dispute, discord,
Itch, V. i.: desire. velope, jingle.
itching: desire. '
jade, n.: horse, hussy. jangly: discordant, jingling,
itemize: particularize. jade, V. t.: tire, dull. jape, V. i.: jest, jeer.
iterant: repeating. jag: projection, indentation. jape, n.: jest, trick, caper.
iterate: repeat. jagged: indented. jar: shock, distress.
jail, n.: prison. jaunt: excursion.
jail, V. t.: confine, imprison, jaunty: gay.
jab: thrust, stab. jam, n.: crowd, crush. jay: gawk,
jabber: chatter. jam, V. t.: block. jealous: vigilant, distrustfid,
jack, V. t.: raise. jam, V. i.: stick. envioits.
jackanapes: monkey, dandy. jangle, v.: chatter, dispute, jealousy: vigilance, distrust,
Jackass: donkey, blockhead. jingle. envy.

%W See Notes of Explanation.

252
 JOINING
jelly, V. t. congeal (contextual), coagulate jewelry, n. bijouterie (French), bijoutry
{contextual), gelatinize (learned or tech.), (rare); spec, filigree.
gelatinate (rare), jell (U. S.; colloq.). Jewry, n. Jewdom (rare), Hebrewdom
jelly, n. gelatin (learned or tech.); spec, ju- (rare); spec, ghetto, Israel (a collective),
jube, blancmange, blancmanger, aspic. Sephardim, Ashkenazim.
jerk, t>. i. &
t. 1. move (contextual), pull V. t. & i. Spec, play, jibbet (coUog.),
jiggle,
(contextual); spec, twitch, jet, jigget (col- dance, jigger (colloq), bob, jig, noddle,
loq.), flip, yank (coUoq.), bob, flirt_, fling, bobble, popple, jog, joggle, chop, dangle,
flounce, hitch, tweak, flick, perk, jig, jog, dandle, trot (colloq.).
dodge, jiggle, pluck. jiggle, n. dance, bob, bobble, popple, jig,
Antonyms: see gude. noddle, jog, joggle, dangle, jigget (coUoq).
2. See THKOW. jiggly, a. jiggety (colloq), dancing, jiggish
jerk, n. motion (contexhwT), puU (context- (colloq.), bobby, popply, joggly, choppy.
ual); spec, twitch, toss, hitch, jet, flick, Antonyms: see firm.
flirt, yank (colloq.), bob, fig, jog, joggle, jilt, V. t. To cast off (a lover): deceive (con-
flip, fling, throw, dodge, spasm, jiggle, textrml).
jigget (colloq.). jilt, n. Ught-o'-love (archaic).
jerky, o. abrupt; spec, twitchy, jiggety jingle, V. i., t., & n. Spec, tinkle, clink,
(colloq.), jiggisn, hitchy, tossing, yanking chmk, clank, jangle, clang.
(coUoq.), spasmodic, etc. jingling, a. clanky, jingly, clinky, jangling,
jest, n. 1. See jeer, jangly (rare).
2. joke (an undignified word); spec, chest- jingoism, n. bluster (contextual), jingo.
nut (slang), Joe Miller (slang or humor- Chauvinism.
ous), jokelet (humorous), gag, farcicality job, n. 1. work (contextual); spec, chore
(rare), jolly (colloq.), pleasantry, jape (U. S.), char (Eng.).
(chiefly a literary archaism), drollery, wit- 2. See BUSINESS, affair.
ticism. join, V. t. & i. unite; spec, connect, meet
S. play (contextual), sport (as in "done in (v. i.), conjugate (rare), concorporate
sport"); spec, japery, joking, waggery, (ecd. or literary), concrete, coarticulate
joke (rather undignified), waggishness, (rare), conjoin (a stronger and more literary
prank, humor, jocosity, jocularity. term than "join"), marry (fi.g.), wed (fi^.),
Antonyms: see eabnestness. combine, afiiliate, consolidate, compact,
jest, V. i. droll (literary), bound (archaic); compaginate (rare), compound, assemble,
spec, joke, jape (rare, exc. as a literary ar- Siamese (fi^.), consoUdate, joint, couple,
chaism), jolly, quiz, banter. coadunate (rare), coapt (rare), coagment
jester, n. farceur (French); spec, joker, (rare), yoke, fay, enter, associate, attach,
japer, jokesman (nonce word), jokesmith add, interlace, hinge, lock, gear, solder,
(humorous), jokist (rare), quiz, quizzer, Hnk, leash, rabbet, piece, tenon, band,
jokester (contemptuous), buffoon, wag, splice, dovetail, miter, dowel, seam,
droll (rare, exc. hist.), wit, joculator scarf, joggle, enlink (rare), catenate, con-
(hist.), minstrel (hist.), jougleur (hist.), struct, rejoin.
Goliard (hist.). Antonyms: see separate, break, de-
jesting, a. merrymaking tach, DISCONNECT.
(contextual),
sportive, jocose; spec, joined, u. united; spec, combined, con-
joking, jocular,
japish, droll, joky (colloq.), jokesome nected, coadunate (rare), conferruminate,
(rare), joUying (coUoq.), waggish, ribald, consolidate, conjugate, conjunct (chiefly
quizzical, farcical, witty. literary), conjoined, concorporate (eccl.
jewel, n. 1. bijou (French); spec, gem, or literary), joint.
George. Antonyms: see separate.
2. See tkeastjrb. joining, n. union, juncture (more formal
jewel, V. t. bejewel (on intensive), engem than "joining"); spec, connection, joint-
(rare), enjewel (rare). ure (rare), join (rare or colloq.), junction.

tW Cross references: see Note. jibe, V. i.& n.: jeer, jocose: jesting.
jeopardize: endanger. jig, v.: dance, }erk. jocosity: jest.
jeopardous: dangerous. jigger: jiggle. jocular: jesting.
jeopardy: danger. jigget: jerk, jiggle. jocularity: jest.
jet, a.: black. jiggety: jerky, jiggly. jocund; cheerful.
Jet, V. t.: jerk, emit, spout. jiggish: jerky, jiggly. jog, s. (.: jerk, push, remind.
jet, V. i.: spout. jilt: desert jog, I. i.: go, jiggle.
jet, n.: spout. jingoism: bluster. jog, «.: jerk, push, jiggle, re-
jib, i>. i.: balk. job: thrust, stab. minder.
jib, n.: arm. joclsey, n.; horseman. joggle: jiggle.
jibber: chatter. jockey, v. t.: cheat, joggly: jiggly.
jibe, «. •.; agree. maneuver. jog trot: gait.

tS= See Notes of Explanation.

253
 JOINING
juncture, assemblage, joinder ixare), com- journey, v. i. go (contextual), travel (chief-
bination, conjunction, conjuncture {now ly spec), peregrinate (rare), progress (ar-
rare, exc. of circumstances or events), con- chaic, exc. spec); spec, jaunt, voyage, pil-
solidation, conjugation, concourse, com- grimage (esp. with "it"), meander, pass,
bine (U. S.; colloq.), contexture, coaptar- tour, hike (colloq.), wander, ride, row, sail,
tion (rare), contignation {rare), catena- drive.
tion, composition, compaction, coaduna- journeyer, n. Spec, traveler, excursionist,
tion, attachment, annexation, addition, expeditionary (rare), messenger, jaunter,
conspiracy, etc. peregrinator (rare), voyager, pilgrim,
Antonyms: see division; also cf. sep- wanderer, cruiser, tourist, tripper, trek-
arate. ker, hiker (colloq.), wayfarer (archaic),
joining, a. unitive (rare), uniting; spec. walker, rider, driver, rower, sailer.
connective, combinative, contextive judge, n. 1. magistrate (contextual; a
(rare), concretive, copulative, conjunc- formal word), decider (contextual), judica-
tive, associating, interosculating, interos- ture (a collective pi.), judicator (rare),
culant (rare), etc. judger (rare), judgeress (fern.; rare),
joint, n. 1. union; spec, junction, connec- judiciary (chiefly hist, and spec), justiciar
tion, connexus (rare), link, seam, miter, (rare, exc. hist, and spec), justicer (ar-
knee, knot, node, joggle, fillet, mortise, chaic), Rhadamanthus (fig.), hakim (Ori-
variator, hinge, spUce, communication, ental), doomsman (archaic or literary),
scarf, dovetail, elbow, weld, butt, lap, doomster (archaic or literary), doomer (ar-
etc. chaic), moderator (literary or spec), jus-
2. Referring to part of an animal: articu- tice (chiefly spec), deemster (obs. or ar-
lation; spec, saddle, elbow, knee, atlas, chaic, exc. spec); spec, cadi (Oriental),
hip, shoulder, ankle, hock (in a quad- cadilesker (Turkish), surrogate, probate,
ruped), knuclde, chine. bencher (archaic), hehast, dicast, sen-
8. <See RESORT. tencer (not a technical term), arbitrator,
joint, V. t. 1. articulate (chiefly spec). arbiter, referendary, umpire, brehon
2. See DISJOINT. (Irish hist.), podesta (Spanish), quorum
joint, a. joined, united, conjoint; spec. kazi (Oriental), In-
(collective pi.), squire,
conjunctive, concurrent, soUdary (chiefly quisitor, ordinary, recorder, puisne, cen-
tech.), correal, articulated, hinged, etc. surer, Christ (as judging at Doomsday).
Antonyms: see separate. 2. See critic.
jointless, a. inarticulate. judge, V. t. &i. 1. decide (contextiud), adjudi-
jostle, V. t. push (contextual), hustle (chief- cate (formal), doom (archaic, exc. spec);
ly spec); spec, shove, elbow, shoulder. spec, pronounce, decree, acquit, arbitrate,
jostle, 71. push, hustle; spec, shove, elbow- try, umpire, condemn, sentence, find.
ing,jostlement (rare). 2. decide, consider; spec, apprehend,
journal, n. 1. record (contextual), diary measure, think, guess.
(chiefly spec); spec, daybook, gazette. judgment, n. 1. decision, adjudication,
2. See periodical, bearing. judicatory (rare), judicature (rare), doom
journalist, n. author (contextual), press- (archaic, exc spec), arret (French), judi-
man (rare or cant), gazetteer (hist.); spec cation (rare), deliverance (chiefly spec);
reporter, pubhcisi (a loose use). spec, arbitration, condemnation, decree,
journey, n. progress (rare, exc spec); forjudger, acquittal.
spec, excursion, expedition, errand (in its 2. decision, consideration, estimation;
widest sense dignified and chiefly literary), spec, inference, condemnation, censure.
jaunt, peregrination (rare or stilted), voy- 3. decision, thought (contextual); spec.
age (nmv rare, exc of a long journey by opinion, conceit, proposition, estimate,
water), pilgrimage, meander, passage, sentiment, inference, guess, criticism.
Odyssey (fig.), cruise, tour, trip, run, 4. sense, discretion; spec, counsel (ar-
trek (South Africa or colloq.), lornada chaic or obs.), judiciousness, wit (now
(Mexican Spanish), hike (colloq), way- rare, exc. in pi. and in certain phrases),
faring (archaic), travel, waJk, ride, drive, eye, fancy, circumspection, sensibiUty,
wancfer, row, saU. rationality, taste.
t^^ Cross references: see Note. jolthead: blockhead. joyance: pleasure, happiness.
joist: beam. josh: banter, hoax. joyful, a.: pleased, happy.
joke, 71,; jest, butt. jounce: shock. joyless, a.: unhappy, cheerless.
joke, V. i.: jest. joumeyznan: worker. joyous: pleased, happy.
joke, V. t.: banter. journeywork: work, drudgery. jubilant: pleased, gay, exvll-
jolly: gay, excellent. joust: fight. ant.
jolly, n.: jest. jovial: gay, convivial. jubilee: anniversary, festival,
jolly, V. t.: banter, cajole. jowl: head. merrymaking.
jolt: shock. joy, n.: pleasure, happiness. jubilize: celebrate.
tS" See Notes of Explanation.
254
 KEEP
Judicial, a. I. legal {contextual), judiciary, 2. See AUTHORnr.
judicatory, judicatorial (rare); spec, ju- 3. Referring to a person's sphere of con^
dicative, juridical. trol or influence:sphere, range, compass,
Antonyms: see lay. reach, circuit, ambit {rare or learned
2. sensible, judicious; spec, discriminate equivalent of "circuit"), province, round,
ing, discreet, judgmatical or judgmatic orbit.
{cotloq.), critical, understanding, cautious, jurisdictional, a. jurisdictive {rare); spec.
etc. justiciable, cognizable.
judloious, a. judgmatic, sensible, prudent, jurist, n. jurisprudent (often spec.), legist
wise. (learned); spec. Justinianist, Civilian,
Antonyms: see trNwisE. Romanist, pubUcist, jurisconsult.
Jug, n. vessel {contextual); spec, pitcher, juror, n. juryman (a less technical term);
ewer, graybeard, cruse, toby, prochoos, spec, recognitor.
jack, tankard, blackjack. jury, n. panel, country (tech.), inquest
JugEle, V. i. conjure, trick. (vsuaUy spec.).
Jugglery, n. conjury, magic {seemingly so); just, a. 1. true (contextual), right, white
spec, legerdemam. (slang, U. S.), square (sUmg); spec, well-
juice, n. humor {archaic); spec, blood, sap, founded, equitable, praetorian (rare), hon-
verjuice, broo {Scot.), gravy. orable, honest, legitimate, fair.
juicy, a. succulent {learned or tech.); spec. Antonyms: see unjust.
bloody, sappy. 2. See righteous, upright, deserved,
Jump, V. i. I. spring, leap {a livelier word conscientious, impartial, lawful, rea-
than "jump"), bound; spec, vault, skip, sonable, accurate.
hop, dance, lunge, buck, pounce. iuat, adv. Spec, exactly, even; see hardly.
2. See DART, START, CHANGE. justice, n. 1. justness (the quality), equi-
jump, V. t. 1. Cause to jump: spring, leap; tableness, right, truth (contextual); spec.
spec, vault, skip, hop. honesty, honor, equity, legitimacy, legiti-
2. Referring to jumping over a thing: mateness, Astrsea (a personification), Nem-
spring, leap, vault {often spec), clear {con^ esis (a personification).
textual), negotiate (cant), overvault {rare), Antonyms: see injustice.
overspring {rare), overleap (rare), take. 2. Spec, righteousness, uprightness, con-
jump, n. 1. spring, leap; spec, vault, skip, scientiousness, impartiality, truth, law-
hop, saltation {rare), saltus {rare), dance, fulness, reasonableness, right, accuracy,
lunge, pounce. sincerity, desert, count.
2. See DART, START, TRANSITION. 3. iSee judge.
S. Referring to the space across which an justification, n. 1. defense, righting, war-
electric spark passes: gap. rant; spec, legitimation, legitimization,
Junction, n. 1. iSee joininq. vindication, reason, approval, apology.
2. Referring to a place where things come Antonyms: see condemnation.
together, but do not become united in the way 2. See EXCUSE.
ordinarily suggested by "joint": juncture, justify, V. t. 1. defend, warrant; spec, le-
conjunction; spec, commissure, seam, gitimate, support, legitimatize (rare),
chiasm, osculature, concurrence. legitimize, vindicate, approve, deraign
juncture, n. 1. See joining, junction. (jCaw, hist., or obs.).
2. Referring to circumstances: spec, emer- Antonyms: see condemn.
gency, conjunction, contingency, pass, 2. See EXCUSE, adjust, pit.
predicament, concurrence, combination,
union, crisis.
Junior, n. Spec, youngster {mil.; coUoq.),
K
boots {slang), fag {Eng. schools). keel, n. Spec, rocker (chiefly U, S,),
Antonyms: see senior. kedge.
Jurisdiction, n. 1. court; spec, justiciary keep, V. 1. 1. hold; spec, withhold, possess,
{Scot.), soke, inspectorate, cognizance, reserve, preserve, retain, bear (in mind),
liberty, courtship, leet, circuit, danger. save, have.

I^" Cross references: see Note. junker: nohle. jut, V. i : project. ,

judicatory: judicial. junket: feast. jutty: projection.

judloious: judicial^ pradentj junta: council, clique. juvenile, a.: childish.
tpise. juridical: judicial, legal. juvenile, n.: child.
jucKle: conjure, deceive, jurisprudence: law.
jumble: confuse. jurisprudent: lawyer, jurist.
jumble: con/unon. just, V. & n.: fight, tournament.
Junction: joints joining, meet- justiciar: judge. keen: sharp, sharp'Sighted^ in-
ing. justifiable: defensible. tense, intelligent, painful, eager,
jungle: thicket. justness: justice, accuracy. shrill, pungent, discerning.

B^' See Notes of Explanation.

255
 KEEPER
Antonyms: see abandon, relinquish, massacre, outkill (rare), smite (archaic),
FORGO. deaden (rare), butcher, decimate, drown,
8. See OBSERVE, maintain, preserve, assassinate, burn, martyr, stone, lapidate
GUARD, ATTEND, SUPPORT, DETAIN, CAUSE, (literary equiv. of "stone"), lynch, toma-
CONTINUE, APPLY. hawk, immolate, jugulate (rare), decapi-
keeper, n. Spec, guardian, custodian, pre- tate, garrote, guillotine, crucify, hang,
server, conservator (chiefly tech. of officials gibbet, brain, deacon, burke, winterkill
or persons legally appointed to conserve (U. S.), pot, snipe, murder, noose (rare),
something), warden, warder, holder, re- lance, spear, pike, pith, neck (tech. or
tainer, constable, bearward, parker, at- dial.), homicide.
tendant, armature, castellan. Antonyms: see animate, beget, gen-
keeping, n. Spec, custody, care, guard, erate, REVIVE.
agreement, maintenance, observation, re- 2. See DESTROY, DEFEAT, VETO, CONSUME.
tainer (rare, exc. law), retention, support, killed, a. Spec, lost, slain, inanimate.
harmony, preservation, etc. killer, n. slayer (v,sually archaic or spec),
kennel, n. 1. See house. manqueUer (archaic), manslayer; spec.
2. pack
(of dogs). Drawcansir cutthroat, slaughterer,
(fig.),
kerchief, n. kercher (ohs. or dial.), curch smiter, decapitator, hangman, gmllotiner,
(Scot.), headkerchief (rare); spec, neck- garroter, matador, murderer, assassin,
piece, handkerchief. knacker, giganticide (rare), deicide, in-
kerosene, n. potogen (rare), paraffin oil secticide, lyncher, macropicide (rare),
(Eng. or tech.), paraffin (Eng.). massacrer, potter, sniper, bactericide,
kettledrum, n. drum (contextual), kettle fungicide, etc.
(colloq.), timbal (chiefly' archaic or hist.); killing, n. 1. destruction, dispatch, quell
spec, naker (hist.), atabal. (rare), bloodshed (in a generic or collective
key, n. 1. clavis (literary); spec, wrest, sense), death (in a generic or collective
passe-partout (French). sense); spec, massacre, homicide, murder,
2. lock (mach.); spec, cotter, sphne, stop, slaughter, slaying, butchery, cervicide
feather, pin, etc. (rare), martyring, martyrization, macta-
8. Referring to an explanation, transla- tion (rare), decapitation, custom, assas-
tion, etc.: spec, translation, crib, horse sination, hanging, drowning, etc.
(slang), pony (slang). 2. See DESTRUCTION.
4. In music: tonality (tech. and rare); kind, n. 1. See nature.
spec, natural, sharp, flat, mode. 2. division (contextual), species (learned
5. Of a musical instrument: spec, manual or tech.), sort (a vaguer term than "kind"),
(rare), digital (tech.), pedal, stop. genus (chiefly tech.); spec class, type,
keyboard, n. clavier (French); spec, man- genre (French), cast (a vague word), man-
ual, pedalier. ner (now only in "what manner of"), de-
kick, V. strike (contextual), spurn (chiefly
t. nomination, description, race, brood,
literary), foot (rare or obs. now; often imply- swarm, crew, crowd, stamp, brand, form,
ing scorn), calcitrate (rare; literary); spec. make, family, breed, shade, stripe (vMir-
football, toe, hack, punt (football), drive. ally derogatory), strain, style, persuasion
kick, V. i. 1. strike (contextual), calcitrate (jocular), tap (colloq.), color, class, gender
(rare); spec, spurn (rare, exc. literary). (gram.), sex, make, etc.
2. See RECOIL, OBJECT. kind, o. good-natured, humane, mUd (ar-
kick, n. 1. strike (contextual), calcitration chaic or rare), benign (literary), boon (ar-
(rare), spurn (obs.); spec, punt, hack. chaic); spec, soft, beneficent, benevolent,
2. See RECOIL, OBJECTION. tender, cosmophil (nonce word), good,
kid, n. offspring (contextual); spec, yeanling gracious, kindly, sweet, friendly, broth-
or eanUng. erly, kind-hearted, compassionate, ac-
kidney, n. reins (pi.; archaic). commodating, amiable.
kill, V. destroy, finish (ru>w chiefly col-
t. 1. Antonyms: see unfeeling, unkind,
spec), dispatch, queU (rare or ar-
log., exc. PIERCE, CRUEL, HATEFUL.
chaic), quench (rare or archaic), disani- kindle, v. t. 1. ignite (more learned than
mate (rare), end (not a dignified word), "kindle"), fire (colloq. or tech.), enkindle
fordo (archaic), corpse (vulgar, Eng.), (an intensive; archaic), light; spec, flash,
dead (dial, or illiterate); spec, slay (now inflame, emblaze (rare), conflagrate (rare),
chiefly literary or rhetorical), slaughter. ignify (rare).

t^ Cross references:
see Note. ken, n.: knowing, knowledge. kidnap: abduct,
keep, L: dwell, continue.
V. ken, V. t: know, understand. kiln, n.; furnace, oven.
keepsake: reminder. kickshaw: gewgaw. kiln, V. t.: bum, bake, dry.
keg: cask. kid, V. t.: deceive, hoax, banter. kin: kindred, relationship.

K^^ See Notes of Explanation.

256
 —,

KNOT
Antonyms: see extinquish. 2. See TOUCH.
a. See EXCITE. kissing, a. oscular (learned), osculatory
kindle, v. i. ignite, catch, light, etc, (learned).
kindleable, a. ignitable. kitchen, n. 1. Spec, galley, scullery.
kindling, a. ignescent (rare), inflamma- 2. cuisine (tech. or pretentious), cookroom
tory {rare or learned); spec, conflagrative. (colloq.).
kindling, n. 1. Spec, fuel, tinder, touch- kite, n. hawk, milvine (tech.); spec, elanet,
wood, lightwood. ghde (chiefly Scot. & dial. Eng.), swallow-
2. ignition, Uehting; spec, inflammation. tail, gledge.
kindly, a. well-disposed, hearty, genial, knead, v. t. work; spec, malaxate (rare),
benignant, beneficent, benign (chiefly lit- massage.
petrie,
erary), benevolent, debonair (archaic), kneel, v. i. bow, knee (rare); spec, kowtow
gracious (poetic or rare); spec, sweet, or kotow.
friendly, considerate, neighborly, open- kneepan, n. patella (tech.), kneecap, ro-
hearted, sympathetic, brotherly, gall-less, tula (rare), whirlbone (rare); spec, stifle-
loving, thou^tful, humane, amiable. bone.
Antonyms: see malevolent, cold, knife, n. 1. Spec, whittle (archaic or
STERN, CRUEL, HATEFUL, SHARP. dial.), couteau (French), chive (thieves^
kindness, n. 1. tenderness, mildness (ar- cant), whinger (archaic or rare), toothpick
chaic or rare); spec, humanity, benignity, (slang, U. S.), bowie knife, bistoury,
benevolence, grace, goodness, beneficence, shce, razor, scalpel, serpette, trivet, pa^
favor, gentleness, charity, blood. rang, lancet, lance, fleam, jackknife, gul-
Antonyms: see tojkindnbsb, fergcitt, ly (Scot. <fc dial. Eng.), cuttoe (obs. or
SHARPNESS. rare),machete, bolo.
2. See BENEFACTION. 2. blade (contextual); spec, plow or
kindred, n. pi. family, kin (now a usu-
less plough, shears (pi.), shave.
al term than "kindred"), kinspeople knite-shaped, a. cultrate, cultriform;
(U. 8.), kinsfolk (colloq. or dial.), sib (ar- both tech.
chaic), kinship (rare), flesh (fig.), folks knight, n. younger (obs. or archaic); spec.
(colloq.)i relations (pi.; collo^.), relatives champion, chevaUer, cavaUer, knightr-er-
(pi.), mme (colloq.), folk, cousinry, cousin- rant, errant, paladin (jig.), bachelor,
hood, cousinage (obs.). maltese, companion, horseman. Hitter
kindred, a. I. Referring to persons: related. (German), knighthood (a collective).
2. Referring to things: congenial (rare), knight, V. t. dub.
connate (rare), connected, connatural knighthood, n. knights (pi.), chivalry,
(rare), congeneric or congenerate, cog- knightUhood (rare); spec, errantry.
nate, congenerous (rare); spec, conjugate, knightly, a. knightUke, cavaherly (rare),
sympathetic. chivalric or chivalrous.
Antonyms: see unrelated. knob, n. I. protuberance (contextyal)
kingly, a. royal, regalian (rare), regal, boss; spec, stud, knop, knurl, nub (chief-
basilic (rare), kinglike, princehke (now ly dial?), lump, button, nubble, knot,
rare), princely (archaic or spec); spec. knub. knobble, bob, bur, bud, croche
palatine. (tech.), cascabel, pommel, whelk.
Antonyms: see plebeian. 2. See hill.
kiss, V. t. 1. caress (contextual), salute (ar- knobby, a. bossy; spec, nubby, lumpy,
chaic), lip (a word suggestive of coarseness or knobbly, knotty, whelky.
tised of the lower animals), osculate (rare), knock, V. t. & i. 1. strike (contextual); spec.
exosculate (rare); spec, bill, peck (humor- rap, rat-tat, rattle.
ous), beldss (intensive), smack, buss (an 2. See CENSURE.
archaic equiv. of "smack"). knock, n. 1. stroke (contextual); spec, rap,
2. See TOUCH. rat-a-tat, rat-tat.
kiss, n. 1. caress (contextual), salute (ar- 2. See CENSURE.
chaic), osculation (rare); spec, smack, knot, 71. 1. See knob, distortion.
peck (humorous), buss (archaic eguiv. of 2. interlacement (corvtextual) ; spec, sheep-
"smack"). shank, becket, rosette, bow, pi cot, clove-

XW Cross references: see Note. kizLsliip: relation, kindred. knell, V. t.: summon.
king;: monarch. kinsman: relative. knell, V. i.: ring.
kingcraft: diplomacy. kit: set. knickerbockers: breeches.
kingdom: domain, group. knack: ability. knicicknack: gewgaw.
kink, D. L: twist, curl, loop, knave: rascal, jack. knife, V. t.: stfd}, betray.
knot. knavery: dishonesty, rascality. knit: weave, interlace, consoli-
kinky: twisted, curly. knavish; dishonest, rascaUy. date, wrinkle.
kinsfolk: kindred. knee, v. t.: salute. knoll: hill.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

257
 — —

KNOT
hitch, granny, hitch, Turk's-head, wall-
knot, kettlestitoh, cat's-paw, bend, bow-
line, burl. label, n. 1. mark (contextual), ticket (chic-
8. See DIFPICULTT, COCKADE, GKOUP. ly spec); spec, tag (chiefly U. S.), slip,
knot, V. t. 1. interlace (contextual); spec. docket, tally.
kink. 2. In architecture: drip.
2. See WEAVE, GNAEL. See endeavor, wobk, elab-
labor, V. i. 1.

knotted, a. Gordian (fig.; literary); spec.

1. orate, GO.,
convoluted, nowed. 2. Referring to a woman in childbirth:
2. See DISTOETED. travail (archaic).
knotty, u. 1. Spec, gnarled, knurly, nodose, laboratory, n. work place (contextuai^,
nodous (rare), nodulose, geniculate, elaboratory (obs. or hist.).
snaggy. labored, a. t. See elaborate.
2. See COMPLEX. 2. Spec, artificial, forced, heavy, ponder-
know, V. t. cognize (tech.), can (archaic), ous.
wit (archaic), savey or savvy (slang), ken Antonyms: see spoNTAiraous.
(Scot.); spec, have, intuit (tech. or learned), laborious, a. 1. arduous (literary or for-
intue (rare), recognize, receive (rare), un- mal), toilsome, toilful (rare), hard, labor-
derstand, infer, experience. some (rare),operose (rare); spec, heavy,
Antonyms: see gtjess. tedious, sweaty, difficult, slavish. See
knowable, a. cognizable (tech.), cognosci- WORK.
ble (tech.); spec, perceptible. 2. See INDUSTRIOUS.
Antonyms: see unknowable. labyrinth, n. maze.
knowing, a. 1. Referring to the capacUy of labyrintbine, a. labyrinthian, labyrinthic,
knowing, understanding, or perceiving: see Daedalian (fig.).
INTELLIGENT. lace, n. 1. fastening (contextual); spec.
2. Referring to having knowledge previously string, cord, band, latchet (dial. <w Bibli-
acquired: cognizant (tech. or learned), fly cal), thong, braid, strap.
(slang), aware; spec, conscious, sensible, 2. fabric (contextual), netting; spec, bob-
informed, percipient. "Knowing" in this binet, Valenciennes, Duchesse, piflowlace,
sense is rather rare. passement (hist.), net, guipure, tatting,
Antonyms: see unaware. edging, aU-over, insertion, Mechlin, point.
knowing, n. cognition (tech. or learned), 3. admixture (contextual), flavor, d^h.
ken (obs. or rare); spec, perception, apper- lace, V. t. 1. fasten, enlace (JMerary).
ception, inference, sensibility, conscious- 2. See INTERLACE.
ness. 3. adulterate, flavor.
knowingness, n. 1. See intelligence. lachrymatory, n. tear bottle (an old name
2. awareness, fljmess (slang); spec, scio- dv£ to a false opinion as to their u^e).
lism (learned or rare)/ curmingness. lacing, n. Spec, enlacement (rare), flavor.
knowledge, n. cognition (tech. or learned), lack, V. i. 1. >S'ee pail.
cognizance (tech. or learned), cognoscence 2. want; chiefly in to "be wanting in."
(rare), ken, wit (archaic); spec, pansophy lack, V. t. want; spec. need.
(rare), panthology (rare), mastery, com- Antonyms: see have.
mand, kenning (Scot, and dial. Eng.), lookey, n. 1. servant (contextual); spec.
gposis, consciousness, recognition, intui- footboy, footman, valet, tiger (cant or
tion, identification, perception, gup- slang), flunky (rather contemptumis),
tavidya (theosophy), information, news, Jeames (slang).
instruction, prescience, know how (col- 2. See FAWNER.
loq.), cunning, experience, skill, science, lad, n. youth (contextual), boy, jockey
acquaintance,
"with"), privity.
familiarity (used with (chiefly Scot.), laddie (chiefly Scot.; esp.
way of affection).
^
known, a. Spec, understood, assumed, ladder- shaped, a. scalar, scalariform;
given. both learned or tech.
Antonyms: see unsuspected. ladies' man. gallant (rare, exc. spec.).
knuckle, n. 1. joint (contextual); spec, (in ladle, n. dipper (chiefly U. S.; usually
quadrupeds) hock. spec); spec, bail, bale, scoop (chiefly cant),
2. PL; in reference to the weapon: simpulum, shank, cyathus (classical
knuckleduster (sing.), cestus (sing.). antiq.).

t^^ Cross references: see Note. laches: neglect.

knowledgeable: intelligent. laconic: brief.
knurl: crenate. labile: unstable. lade: dip.
kobold: goblin. laborer: worker. ladle, v.: dip.
kotow: bow, kneel. lacerate: rend, distress, wound.
tS" See Notes ol Explanation.
258
 LANDLORD
lady, n. 1. See mistress, lady-love. plorable, sad, ruthful (archaic), rueful
2. ^8 used with ''Our": Virgin Mary. spec), pitiful, pitiable, piteous,
(often
8. gentlewoman (archaic or spec.); spec. miserable, mournful, melancholy, doleful,
ladykin, mem
sahib {India), begxmi (/ra- woeful, pathetic; spec, conuniserable
dio), countess, baroness, duchess, czarina, fonom.
{rare),
czarevna, etc. Antonyms: see laughable.
4. dog, bitch. lamentableness, ra. regrettableuess, de-
6. wife. plorableness, pathos, sadness, etc.
ladybird, n. cow-lady {dial. Eng.), lady- lamentation, n. 1. lament, moan (rare),
cow {dial. Eng.), ladybug {chiefly U. S.). plaint {archaic or poetic), mourning, wail,
lady in waiting, duenna {Spanish; spec). bewailment (rare), greet (Scot.); spec.
lady-lciller, n. masher {sUmg). Jeremiad (fig.), bawl, conclamation (rore),
ladylike, a. Spec, womanly, refined, ef- wailing, weeping, dirge.
feminate. Antonyms: see rejoicing, mbrrymak-
Antonyms: see manly. ING.REVELRY.
ladylove, n. lover {only o/ one who loves in 2. Referring to the experience or feeling,
return). Dido {fig.; usually of one who is apart from expression: see sorrow.
paramour {archaic and poetic;
deserted), lamina, ra. lamination (used chiefly in pi.);
a word now usually applied in an evil spec, scale, leaf, foUation (learned or tech.),
sense), mistress {implying domination stratification (learned or tech.), sheet,
over the male; often used vnth an evil sug- fold, thickness, lift, flake, layer, stratum
gestion), sweetheart {a word ivith a sen- (learned or tech.), blade, plate, lamella,
timental suggestion). film. "Lamina" and "lamination" are
ladyship, n. ladyhood (twetZ only of the both learned or tech.
mudity; "ladyship" being often used in laminate, a. laminaceous, foliaceous, lam-
designation or address). inar, lamellar, laminated, stratified, stra-
lady's maid, tirewoman (arcAaic or rare). tioulate (rare), laminal, fohated, laminose,
lag, V. i. delay {contextual); spec, flag, laminous, flaky, leafy, bedded;—-oii wore or
dwell. less learned or tech., exc the last three words.
Antonyms: see hubry, rush, dash. lamp, ra. lampad (rare and poetic), lucerne
lagging, n. delay {contextu^); spec, retar- (rare or antig.), spec, sconce, lantern
dation, hysteresis (elec). {French hist.), cresset, erusie, crusy (Scot),
lagoon, ra. Spec, {contextually) channel, veUleuse (French), Davy, lampion.
pond, bayou, lake, ete. lance, ra. 1. Spec, demilance, dart, lance-
lair, n. bed (contextual); spec, den, form, gay (hist.), sarissa (antiq.).
nest, couch, house, earth, burrow, lodge, 2. See LANCER.
kennel. lance head, fer-de-lance (French).
laity, n. people {contextual), laymen {pi.), lancer, ra. soldier (contextual), lance.
temporal ty
{ecd.). land, ra. 1. Referring to the solid surface:
Antonyms: see phopession, ministry. earth.
lake, ra. mediterranean {rare), lough {An- Antonyms: see sea.
glo-Irish), loch {Scot.), mere {chiefly po- 2. Referring to some particular region of
etic); spec, pond, tank {India), lakelet, the earth: country; spec, frontage, dis-
saUna, tarn. trict, groimds, lunge (for horse training),
lake, a. lacustrine {chiefly speeijic), lacus- links (pi. or collective sing.), parade (mil.),
tral (rare), lacustrian {rare). wold or weald, Cockaigne, Thule, El
lake dwelling. Spec, palafitte {French), Dorado (Jig.), Beulah (fig.), desert,
crannog. plains (pi.), mainland, continent, island,
lamb, offspring {contextual); spec, sheep
ra. campus, yard, odal, premises (pi.; law),
yeanhng, eanUng, yearling,
{contextual), yoke, hundred, farm, country, mother-
lambUng {rare), lambkin {rare), cade. land, reservation, etc
landlady, ra. 1. See landowner.
lambiequin, n. Spec, cornice, curtain, 2. Spec, hostess.
manthng {her.). landlocked, a. inclosed, mediterranean
lambskin ra. skin {contextual); spec. (learned).
budge. landlord, ra. 1. See landowner.
lamentable, a. regrettable, sorrowful,~de- 2. Spec, host, innkeeper.

l^^ Cross references: see Note. effectual. lament, n.: lamentation.

ladylike: womanly, refined, ef- lame v. t.: disable, cripple. lanclnate: tear.
feminate. lamed: disabled. [sorrow. lancinating: sharp. [posit.
lambent: ahining, flaming. lament, v. i.: mourn, complain, land, V. L: disembark, catch, de-
lame, a.: disabled, crippled, in- lament, v. t.: regret, mourn. land, V. i.: disembark, alight.

tS' See Notes of Explanation.

259
 — .

LANDMARK
landmark, n. mark bound- lascivious, a. sensual (contextual), lustful;
(coniextiial) ,
ary; spec, hoarstone, merestone, mere (ar- spec. Hcentious, lecherous, lickerish or
chaic), meith (Scot.), guide. hquorish, fleshly, venereous (a hook word),
landowner, n. landholder, territorialist petulant (rare), lubricous (rare), lubri-
{rare); spec, landlord, landlady, patroon cious (rare), concupiscent, goatish, pru-
(U. S.), agrarian. rient, wanton (used esp. of women), lewd,
landscape, n. picture (contextual), pay- libidinous, salacious (learned), Cyprian
sage (French); spec, treescape. iJw-).
landsman, n. Spec, landlubber (sailor's Antonyms: see pure, chaste.
slang; contemptuous), horse marine
lash, n. 1. stroke (contextual), whip; spec.
(sail-
or's slang; contemptuous). swinge, scourge, flogging.
Antonyms: see sailor. 2. whip; spec, scourge, rope's-end, thong,
language, n. 1. speech, tongue (now be- cat-o'-nine-tails, scorpion.
coming archaic or literary); spec, idiom, 3. stroke; referring to satire, sarcasm,
slang, parlance (chiefly used with "comr- etc.
mon"), hngua (Latin; used chiefly in 4. Spec, eyelash, flabellum (zool?).
"lirijgua franca"), accent, pasilaly (rare), lash, V. t. 1. strike (contextual), whip; spec.
pasigraphy (a loose use), oration, vernacu- scourge, swinge, flog.
lar, vulgar (rare), cryptology, dialect, 2. See ABUSE.
Novilatin, Esperanza, Volapuk, Ro, Ido. lash, V. i. t, strike (contextual), whip; spec.
2. See VOCABULABT, DICTION. scourge, swinge, flog.
languid, a. weak (contextual), Ustless, 2. See RUSH, DASH.
lukewarm; see apathetic, paint. lashing, n. fastening; spec, (naut.) gam-
languish, v. i. sicken (contextval) decUne mon, gripes (pi.).
,

(contextual), sink, droop, pine, dwine (ar- last, a. Spec, hindmost, hindermost, ex-
chaic or Scot.). treme, final, lowest, utmost, farthest,
lanky, a. 1. lean (contextvM), lank, slab- latest (archaic), preceding.
sided (slang, U. S.), flatsided (colloq.), Antonyms: see pirst, initial.
rangy (primarily spec). lasting, a. continuing, abiding, durable,
Antonyms: see pat, squat, stocky. endurable (rare); spec, perdurable, wear-
2. See straight. ing, perdurant (rare), stable, diuturnal
lantern, n. 1. lanthorn (archaic), light; (rare), endless, immortal, perennial, sub-
spec, jack-o'-lantern (U. S. and dial. permanent (rare), permanent, fixed.
Eng.), buU's-eye. Antonyms: see ephemeral, temporary,
2. Spec, cupola, tholus (tech.). passing.
lapdog, n. dog messan
(contextual), (Scot.). late, a.1. Spec, latish (rare), behind, back-
large, a. 1. See comprehensive. ward, latesome (obs. or dial.), tardy, tar-
2. big; spec, largish, heroic (often humor- dive (rare), impunctual (rare), slow, high,
ous), goodly, hugeous (rare), hberal, gen- overdue, behindhand (always predica-
erous, humming (slang or colloq.), long tive), latest, last.
(colloq.), exorbitant (archaic), Babylonian Antonyms: see early.
(fig.),bulky, voluminous, immense, con- 2. See DEAD, recent.
siderable, coarse, grand, elephantine, later, a. latter (largely poetic or archaic),
colossal, broad. posterior, inferior (rare); spec, puisne (law)
Antonyms: see small, minute. Antonyms: see earlier.
largen, &
enlarge: spec, broaden.
v. i. t. lateral, a. side (the noun used attributively;
larva, n. Spec, caterpillar, grub, hopper, less formal or tech. than lateral).
worm, flyblow, cankerworm, looper, lattice, n. latticework; spec, grate, grat-
scolex, slugworm, slug, cysticercus, eruca ing, transenna, trellis, cancelli (pi.),
(rare), caddis. espalier.
larval, a. 1. personate (zool.), masked. laudatory, a. praiseful; spec, encomiastic,
2. larvalike, larviform; spec, eruciform commendatory, fine, comphmentary, pan-
(rare). egyrical or panegyric, eulogistic.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. course, passing, end, fall. last, a.: hindmost, extreme, late,
landslide: avalanche. lapse, u. i.; fall, apostatize, end, utmost, farthest, preceding.
languorous: apathetic, faint, pass. last, V. i.: continue, endure.
emotional. larceny: theft. latest: late.
lap, n.: flap. lazd: fat. lather: foam.
lap, V. t.: fold, caress. large: comprehensive, big. latitude: extent, freedom, re-
lap, n.: fold, circuit. large-hearted: generous. gion.
lap, v.; drink, play, touch. largess: gift. latter: later, subsequent.
lap, n.: drink, play. lark: frolic. laud: celebrate. [ful.
lapel: flap. lass: girl. laudable: praiseworthy, health-
lapse, n.: failure, apostasy, lassitude: apathy, faintness. laudation: approval, praise.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

260
 ,

LEADER
Antoni/ms: see abusivb, condemna- hibited, warrantable, valid, jural {rare;
tory, DISPABAQING. equiv. of "juristic"), civil, forensic, con-
laugh, V. i. Spec, giggle, teehee, sneer, stitutional.
grin, hee-haw, guffaw, snicker, snigger, Antonyms: see unlawful, criminal.
sniggle, ha-ha, snort, fleer, cackle, haw- lawless, a. unruly, ruleless {rare), disor-
haw, titter, chuckle, chortle (colloq.), derly {contexttud) ; spec, riotous; see an-
cachinnate {rhetorical, pedantic, or humor- archical.
ous), convulse. Antonyms: see law-abiding.
Antonyms: see cry, sob, wail, weep. lawyer, n. man-of-law {archaic); spec, ad-
laugh, n. Spec, giggle, teehee, sneer, grin, vocate, attorney, soUcitor {chiefly Eng.),
gurgle or giiggle, horselaugh, hee-haw, barrister {chiefly Eng.), proctor, counselor
haw-haw, guffaw, laughter (rare), snicker, or counsel, pettifogger, leguleian {rare),
ha-ha, snort, fleer, cackle (contempttuius) shyster {cant or contemptux)us), sergeant,
tittle, snigger, sniggle, chuckle, chortle gownsman {Eng.), judge, rabbi {Jewish),
(colloq.), cachinnation {rhetorical, pedartr bencher {Eng.), canomst, silk {Eng.; col-
tie, or humorous), convulsion. loq. or slang), devil, conveyancer, CiviUan,
Antonyms: see cry, sob, sigh. •
Romanist, procurator, procurer {rare),
laughable, a. funny; spec, facetious, leader, brehon, cognitor {Roman law),
facete {archaic), quizzical, droll, drolUsh, moolvee {Mohammedan), cadi {Mohawr-
witty, doggerel, ludicrous, ridiculous, ris- medan), writer {Scot.).
ible {rare), amusing, grotesque, jocular; las, a. 1. rela.x {rare).
see COMIC. 2. Referring to the bowels: see loose.
Antonyms: see lamentable. 3. loose, liberal {euphemistic); see negli-
laughing, a. Spec, risible (learned; often gent, immoral.
humorous:), giggly, laughy {colloq.), ca- Antonyms: see strict.
chinnatory {rare), gigglesome. lay, a. popular, laic {rare), nonprofessional,
Antonyms: see weeping. unprofessional; spec, temporal, secular,
laughter, n. laughing {emphasizing the civilian.
idea of action); spec, titteration {rare), Antonyms: see professional, ministe-
gigglement, risibility, convulsion, ca- rial, PRIESTLY, judicial.
chinnation {learned; often derogatory). layer, n. Spec, couch, bed, coping, course,
Antonyms: «ee weeping, lamentation; lift, belt, footing, seam, sill, ply, overlay,
also CRY.
Cf. floor,cordon, lap.
lava, n. Spec, coulee, slag, pumice, bomb. layman, n. laic {rare or tech.), nonprofes-
lavish, V. t. bestow {contextual)); spec. sional; spec, secular.
squander, waste, deluge, pour, shower, Antonyms: see priest.
rain. laziness, n. idleness, indolence, sloth {lit-
Antonyms: see stint. erary or archaic).
law, n. 1. Referring to civil laws: rule {rare lazy, a. inert, idle, indolent, slothful {lit-
or spec); spec, act, statute, enactment, erary or archaic); spec, sluggard, slack,
doom {hist.), canon {now chiefly hist, or shiftless, drony, dronish or Zoning, os-
eccl.), ordonnance {in Continental Eu- culant {rare), sleepy.
rope), ordinance, decree, institution, con- Antonyms: see active, ambitious, en-
stitution {esp. Roman law or eccl.), edict, terprising, INDUSTRIOUS.
plebiscite {one passed by the people in gen- lead (l§d), n. Saturn {tech.); spec, pipe,
eralj or spec. Roman hist.), capitular or channel, plummet.
capitulary, rescript, decision, byrlaw lead (l§a), V. t. 1. See guide, direct, in-
{dial, or hist.). duce, experience.
2. jurisprudence. 2. precede, front (rare); spec, head, de-
3.See litigation, profession, allow- duct or deduce, precent (rare), captain.
ance. Antonyms: see follow.
law-abiding, a. lawful; spec, orderly, ruly. leaden, n. 1. lead, Saturnine {archaic or
Antonyms: see rowdyish, lawless, an- her.), plumbous {rare); spec, leady.
archical, disorderly. 2. lead-colored, plumbous {chiefly rare);
lawful, a. legitimate, legal {more formal spec, livid, gray, leady.
than "lawful"); spec, juristic or juristical, 3. See heavy, depressing.
quiritary or quiritarian {Ro- leader, n. 1. See guide, chief, drain.
licit {rare),
man law), just, right, rightful, unpro- 2. Referring to one who precedes or corir
1^* Cross references: see Note. lavatory: bath. lawgiver: legislator.
launched: afloat. lave, V. t.: dip, bail. lawn: grassland.
launder, v.t..*wa8A. ^guished. lave, V. i.:wash. [unstirUed. laze: idle.
laureate: crowned, diatin- lavisll, a.: abundant, extravagant. lazy fellow: sluggard.

18
f^ See Notes at Explanation.
261
 LEADERSHIP
ducts to some place or in a course: foregoer poetic); spec, erudition, scholarship, en-
(rare or archaic), conductor, predecessor Ughtenment, wisdom, opsimathy, clerk-
(rare or spec); spec, header, lead, here- ship (archaic), Schoolcraft (archaic),
toga (Old Eng. hist.), bellwether (coji- mathesis (archaic), humanity, literature
temptuous), choragus (esp. in the Classic (rare), science, art, religion, mathematics,
drama), forehorse, demagogue (hist.), languages, medicine, etc.
coryphseus (primarily Classic antiq.), Antonyms: see ignorance.
cantor m
precentor, voivode or vaivode, 2. See DISCOVERY.
cob (dial. Eng.), mahdi (Mohammedan), lease, v. t. 1. grant (contextval), convey
ethnagogue (rare), stretcher, whip. (contextu/il), let (broader and less formal
leadersbip, n. chieftaincy, headship, head, than lease), farm (rare), demise (tech.);
lead; spec, captaincy, captainship, com- spec, rent, conacre, sublease, sublet.
mandership, hegemony (political science). 2. In the sense of "to take a lease of": take
leaf, n. 1. Spec, blade, phyllome (tecA.), leaJF- (coniexttud); spec, hire, rent, sublease.
let, foUole (tech.), bract (tech.), bracteole leash, n. Spec cord, thong, sUp, couple,
(tech.), bractlet (tech.), frond (popular lune, lyam or lyme (hist.).
usage), cotyledon (tech.), flag, pad (U. S.), least, a. Spec, minimum, slightest, small-
needle, petal (tech.), sepal (tech.). est, lowest, minimal.
2. Spec, lamina, folio, lameUa, flap, fold, Antonyms: see tttmost.
interleaf, inset, valve, valvelet. least, n. minimum.
leafage, n. foliage (the ordinary term), fo- leather, n. Spec, chamois or (less u^ual)
liation, foliature (rare), leafery (rare)^ fron- shammy, kid, dogskin, calfskin, calf, cow-
descence (tech. or rare); spec, vernation. hide, doeskin, pigskin, porpoiseskin,
leafing, n. leaving (a variant), foliation, goose skin, morocco, cordovan, cordwain,
frondesoence (tech. or rare). Rutland, russia, buckskin, whitleather,
leaflike, a. foUaceous (learned or tech.), cuir-bouilli (French), shagreen, saffian,
foUar (learned or tech.), fohated (chiefly skiver, buS.
zool.); spec, filiform (rare), leafy. leathern, n. coriaceous (tech. or affected),
leafy, a. 1. See leaplike. leathery.
8. leaved, foliaceous (tech. or learned), leave, n. 1. permission (contextual); spec
phylloid (tech.), leavy (ohs. or poetic), fo- furlough (esp. of a soldier).
uose (rare), folious (rare), frondent (rare); 2. See farewell.
spec, bowery, fohate. leave, v. t. 1. See abandon, beqtieath,
Antonyms: see bake. PERMIT, BEPEE, commit, DEPOSIT, DESERT,
league, v. t. associate, aUy, confederate STOP.
(chiefly spec). 2.depart (rare, exc. in "to depart this
leak, V. i. escape (contextual); spec, ex- life");spec quit, desert, abandon, flee,
travasate. evacuate, forgo (archaic).
leakage, n. escape (contextiial) ; spec, seep- lecher, v. i. caterwaul (contemptuous; spec
age, percolation. orfig.).
leap year, bissextile (tech.). lecture, n. 1. address (contextual), prelec-
learn, v. t. 1. get; spec, con (archaic or lit- tion (rare).
erary), master, prepare, have, acqmre, 2. reproof.
smatter (rare), mislearn, memorize. lecture, v. t. 1. address (contextual); spec
3. ascertain; spec, hear, see, read, infer; sermon (rare), sermonize, tutor, teach.
see DISCOVER. 2. See REPROVE.
learned, a. able (contextual), intelligent ledge, n. ridge (contextual), shelf (context-
(contextual), lettered (learned or formal), ual); spec berm, bench, ledging (a col-
bookish (disparaging), book-learned (now lective).
usually disparaging); spec hterate, eru- ledgy, a. shelfy, shelvy.
dite, bluestocking or blue (cant or de- left, a. leftward (rare), sinistral (tech.), sin-
preciatory), scholarly, wise, profound, ister (tech.); spec larboard, (naid.), near.
studied, accomphshed, philosophical. Antonyms: see bight.
Antonyms: see ignorant, tjnscholarly. left-handed, a. Spec, sinistral (tech.),
learning, n. 1. knowledge, lore (archaic or clumsy, ambiguous.

l:^' Cross references: see Note.

 —

LETTER
leg, n. 1. limb (a term including both arms leisurely, a. Spec. leisured, leisureful, de-
and legs, but often used in mock modesty or liberate, hasteless.
prudishness where the word "leg" is needed Antonyms: see bustling.
for clearness or accuracy), gam (slang), lend, V. 1. 1, loan (now chiefly U. S., and not
nethers {pi.; rare), locomotives (pi.; approved by the best writers); spec, bail
slang), stumps (pi.; coUoq.); spec, crus (law), furnish.
(tech.), iamb (her.), gamb or gambe (her.), Antonyms: see borrow.
shin, shank, leglet,drumstick, thigh, See give, furnish.
2.
gigot (rare), ham, podite (tech.), peg. length, n. 1. distance, extent, longness
2. See BRANCH, BOW, BEAT (naut.), SIDE. (rore), longitude (chiefly jocular or specif.,
leg, a. crural (tech.). prohxity (rare or humoroiis as physiad
legacy, n. gift (contextual), bequest. length); spec, measure, fly.
legal, a. 1. law (the noun used attributively); 2. Referring to time: extent; spec, prolix-
spec, juridical, judicial. ity, quantity (in prosody and phonetics).
2. See LAWFCTL. Antonyms: see brevity.
legaUze, v. t. legitimate (often spec.), legiti- 3. Spec, piece, roll, coil, ran, run.
matize or legitimize (chiefly spec); spec. lengthen, v. t. 1. See extend.
formalize, authorize, regularize. 2. In prosody and phonetics: prolong.
legatee, n. grantee (contextual), donee Antonyms: see shorten.
(contextual), legatary (rare); spec, col- lengthwise, adv. lengthways (less usual
legatary hare), coleg»tee, institute (Bo- than "lengthwise"), endlong (archaic or
man and Scots law). dial.); spec, fore and aft (in reference to a
legend, n. 1. story (contextual), saga (an vessel), along, endwise, endways.
erroneous use); spec, folklore, haggadah. Antonyms: see crosswise, sideways.
2. inscription (contextual), lemma (team- lengthy, o. Spec, long, prolix, tall.
ed); spec, epigraph, motto. Antonyms: see short, brief.
8. See DEVICE. lens, n. refractor; spec, eyepiece, bull's-
legging, n. Spec, gramash (Scot), gamash eye, objective, eyeglass, crystalline, glass,
(archaic or dial.), gambado, gaiter, spats magnifier, meniscus, pantoscope.
(pi.), puttee, gamashes (pi.), greaves (pi.), lens-shaped, a. Spec, lenticular, menis-
snaps (pi.; western U. S.). cal, meniscoid; au three learned or tech.
legible, a. readable (the Anglo-Saxon equiv- lent, n. Quadragesima (tech. or rare).
alent of "legible"); spec, fair, decipherable. leopard, n. pard (archaic or poetic), pan-
Antonyms: see illegible. ther (chiefly spec), leopardess (fern.),
legislative, a. le^ific (rare), legislatorial pantheress (fem.), catamountain (archaic
(rare), nomothetic or nomothetical (tech. or rare); spec, cheetah.
or rare), lawmaking. let, V. t. 1. See CAUSE, permit.
legislator, n. lawgiver, lawmaker, legisla- 2. rent (chiefly spec; colloq. or cant), hire
tress (fern.), legislatrix (fern.); spec. (not in careful usage), farm (chiefly hist, or
thesmothete, filibuster, senator, repre- in matters of government financ^; spec.
sentative, congressman, parliamentarian, lend (money; "let" is obs. in this sense),
magnate. lease, sublet.
legislature, n. legislative (rare, exc. with letter, n. lessor, renter, hirer; spec, locator
"the"); spec, parhament, congress, senate, (Civil and Scots law), jobber or jobmaster
house of representatives or (for short) (Eng.).
house, duma, diet. Keys, Landtag. letter, n. 1. symbol (contextual), character
legitimate, a. 1. See lawful. (contextual); spec initial, descender,
2. In reference to offspring: lawful, kindly italic, roman, nasal, labial, medial, gut-
(archaic or hist.), mulier (law). tural, cacuminal, dental, etc., alpha, beta,
Antonyms: see illegitimate. etc., digamma, cue.
leisure, n. 1. freedom (contextual), ease, 2. communication, epistle (formal, rhe-
vacancy (rare or literary); spec, conven- torical, historical, or affected), favor (now
ience. only in commercial usage, arid going out of
2. time, by-time (rare). fashion in that, except when a favor is reaUy
leisure, a. free (contextual), otiant (rare), intended to be referred to), missive; spec
vacant (rare or literary), spare. note, billet, brief (now rare or tech.), line

I3F" Cross references: see Note.

 .

LETHARGY
(coUoq.), billet-doux, poulet (.French), bull 2. Spec, free, liberalistie, broad-minded
(papal), letteret (colloq.), notelet, drop let- (commendatory), open-minded, libertine
ter (U. S.), valentine, pastoral, monitory. (rare; uswMy derogatory), broad, broad-
S. In pi.: see litebatxjre. ishj catholic (commendatory; learned),
4. See TYPE. latitudinarian (often disparaging), eclec-
letter, a. epistolary. tic, tolerant, indifferent, democratic, etc.
letter, v. t. inscribe (contextual); spec, in- Antonyms: see narbow.
itial, sign. liberal, n. hberaUst, libertine (rare, exc.
letterbox, n. pillar box or pillar (Ehg.). spec); spec, free-thinker. Radical, Grit
letter carrier. Spec, postman, postboy, (Cariadian politics), Discomisado (Span/-
carrier. ish hist.), Latitudinarian.
letting, n. leasing, hiring, renting; spec. liberalize, V. t. broaden, catholicize,
location (Civil and Scots law), conacre widen. ,

(Irish land system). libertine, n. 1. See libebal, freedman.

level, n. Spec, horizontal, elevation, equal- 2. Spec, debauchee, rake, lecher, Lo-
ity, stage, drift, horizon. thario (chiefly with "gay"), rou6 (French),
level, V. t. I. See flatten, direct, aim, rakehell (archaic), rip (colloq.)
ADJUST, LOWBK, DEMOLISH. librarian, n. bibliothec (rare), bibliothec-
2. repose (contextiuil), prostrate; see fell, ary (rare), Hbrarianess (Jem.; rare).
BOW, ABASE, OVERCOME, BXHATTST. license or licence, n. 1. authorization
lever, n. prize (chiefly dial, or archaic), pry (contextual); spec, chop (India and China),
(chiefly spec; dial. U. S. and Eng. dial.); purwanah (India), certificate, dispensa-
spec, dog, crowbar, crow, sweep, swingle, tion, imprimatur, warrant, passport,
brake, treadle, trigger, tumbler, tiller, clearance, privilege, indult (R. C. Ch.),
tail, key, jack, pawl, pedal, garrot. charter, patent.
lever, v. t. prize (now chiefly archaic or 2. freedom, Uberty (an inexact use); spec.
mech.), pry (TJ. S. or Eng. died.). looseness, indulgence.
leverage, n. hold (coratea;<'MaZ), purchase, Antonyms: see kestraint.
prize (chiefly Eng.), pry (U. S. or Eng. licentious, a. immoral (contextiial), incon-
dial.). tinent, dissipated (contextual); spec.
lewd, a. 1. coarse (contextual), sensual (con- broad, free (usually euphemistic), Uber-
textual), lecherous (rare); spec, vile, filthy, tine, loose, corrupt, Fescennine (literary;
foul, ribald, Cyprian (fig.), lascivious, in- flg.), lewd, lascivious, orgiastic, degener-
decent, imchaste, harlot. ate.
Antonyms: see chaste, modest. Antonyms: see chaste, modest.
2.See lascivious. lie, n. falsehood, equivocation (spec, or eur
lezicograpber, n. author (contextual), vo- phemistic), falsity (rare), untruth (often
cabuUst (rare); spec, dictioneer (co?i- euphemistic), story (colloq. and euphemis-
temptuous), glossarian, glossarist. tic), mendacity (rare, exc. in an abstract
lexicographical, a. dictionarial (rare); sense; learned and lacking the offensiveness
spec. glossariaJ. of "lie"); spec, fib, romance, concoction,
lexicography, n. lexicology (rare); spec. imagination, invention, rouser (colloq.),
glossography or glossology. bouncer or bounce (colloq.), sockdologer
liable, a. 1. See accountable. (slang, U. S.), crack (archaic), prevarica-
8. exposed, obnoxious (literary), open, tion.
subject. Antonyms: see truth.
liar, prevaricator, story-teller (colloq.
n. lie, V. i. equivocate (spec, or eu-
falsify,
and euphemistic), equivocator (learned or phemistic); spec prevaricate, taradiddle
euphemistic), falsifier (rare), pseudologer (slang or colhq.), romance, fib, shuffle,
(rare; chiefly humorous); spec, cracker quibble.
(colloq.), fibber, fibster, bouncer, ro- lie, V. i. 1. rechne (the Latin and less em^
mancer. photic equivalent of "lie"); spec, couch
liberal, a. 1. See abundant, frank, gen- (archaic), lair (rare, exc. of beasts), bed,
erous, LAX, inclusive. bunk (colloq.), grovel, bundle.
K^= Cross references: see Note. adjust, lower, demolish. liberate: free.
lethargy: sleepiness, sleep, level, a.: even, fiat, horizontal, liberation: freeing.
apathy, stupor, dullness, equal. liberty: freedom, license, riffhL
lethe: forgetfulness. leviable: assessable. libidinous: lascivious.
lethiferous: deadly. levigate: pulverize, mix, polish. librate: vibrate, balance.
letters: alplmbet, correspond' levity: lightness, frivolity. licli: touch, wash, defeat.
ence. levy: enlist, assess. lickerish: desirous, hungry,
levee: dike, bank,'quay. libation: sacrifice. lascivious.
levee: reception. libel: defame. liolEing: defeat.
level, V. t.: flatten, direct, aim, libelous: defamatory. lid, n.: cover.

t^° See Notes of Explanation.

264
 LIKENING
Antonyms: stand.
see lighten, emblaze (rare), irradiate, ray
2. Referring more to the idea of support (rare), inflame, lamp (rare), lantern (rare),
than to the idea of position: rest; spec, re- beacon; spec relume.
pose, cuddle, nestle, seat, sit. Antonyms: see darken.
8.See EXTEND, BE, CONSIST, INHERE. light, a. 1. Spec, ethereal, airy, foamy,
lUe, n. 1. being (contextual), existence {con^ yeasty, chaJy, feathery, weightless.
textu/d), course (fig.); spec, vitality, Antonyms: see heavy, burdensome.
breath, head (.fig.), pilgrimage, journey 2. Referring to sleep: spec dozy.
(fig)- Antonyms:
see deep.
Antonyms: see death. See TTNIMPORTANT, EASY, DIGESTIBLE,
3.
2. Referring to those who are alive on CHEERFUL, LOOSE, DISPARAGING, GENTLE,
earth: world. PRrvoLotrs, amusing, active.
8. See ENERGY, LIVELINESS, ESSENCE, lighted, a. lit.
ESSENTIAL. lighten, v. t. 1. Spec, buoy (with "up"),
lifeless, a. 1. inanimate (a more learned levitate, upUft, disburden.
word; chiefly spec), inert, dead; spec. Antonyms: see burden.
spiritless, breathless, " "
bloo^ess, pulsefess. 2. See alleviate, diminish.
defunct. lighten, v. t. 1. See BRIGHTEN, light.
Antonyms: see living. 2. fulmine (rare), fulminate (rare); both —
2. Referring to what seems lifeless: spec. terns suggesting the accompanying thunder-
insensible, duU, motionless, insipid, slug- clap.
gish, feckless (Scot, or literary). lighter, n. Spec candleUghter, spill, taper,
8. Referring to coals that have been burning fidibus, spillikin.
or "alive": dead, extinct, extinguished, lighter, n. A
kind of boat; spec, scout,
quenched. gondola (U. S.).
lifetime, n. age, day. lighthead, n. rattlebrain (slang or col-
lift, V. t. 1. elevate, raise, heave (spec, exc. loq.), ratdehead (slang or colloq.); spec.
archaic); spec, boost (colloq., U. S.), heft, butterfly (fig.).
hoist, float, crank, crane. lighthouse, n. pharos (somewhat learned
Antonyms: see lower. or affected), phare (rare).
2. See DIGNIFY, ELEVATE, STEAL, PAY. lightness, n. levity; spec, airiness, etc.
lift, n. 1. elevation, heave (spec., exc. Cf. LIGHT.
archaic); spec, boost (colloq., U. S.), lightning, n. levin -(literary), thunder-
hoist. hght (archaic), fire (contextiud), fulgur
2. See LAYEfe, ELEVATOR. (rare), fulmination; spec, bolt, thunder-
8. Referring to an act of assistance: spec. bolt, wildfire.
cast (Eng. or literary). lightning conductor. Ughtning rod,
ligament, n. 1. band, bondage. paratonnerre (French); spec, paragr^le
2. Anai.: sinew (chiefly spec), thew (French).
(chiefly in pi); spec tendon, whitleather. light producing, a. lucific (rare).
light, n. 1. ray or radiance (chiefly poetic, like, V. t. approve, savor or savour (ar-
exc spec), levin (literary), leam (Scot, or chaic), love (colloq.), fancy; spec, relish,
dial.); spec, glim (slang), lamp (fk/.), enjoy, conceit (obs. or Eng. dial.).
gleam, flare, phosphorescence, reflection, Antonyms: see abhor, abominate, dis-
starlight, blmk, iceblink, snowblink, day- like.
light, candlelight, gasUght, glare. likely, a. 1. Ukable.
Antonyms: see dare. 2. See credible, good-looking.
2. luminary (literary; chiefly spec); spec. liken, v. t. compare, assimilate.
sun, planet, star, lamp, torch, mortar (a likeness, n. 1. See sameness, similarity,
kind of lamp or candle and candlestick), homogeneity, appearance.
will-o'-the-wisp, phosphorescence, comet, 2. representation (contextual), present-
coops (pi.; movie slang), etc ment (rare), counterpart (contextual);
8. Referring to a window light: pane; spec. spec, eidolon (literary or learned), e£Sgies
buU's-eye, sash. (now rare), similitude (rather rhetorical),
4. See ENLIGHTENMENT, VISION, ASPECT. semblance, image, effigy, portrait, por-
light, V. t. 1. See ignite. traiture (rare), mask.
2. brighten, illuminate (rare or poetic). likening, a. comparison, assimilation.
t^™ Cross references; see Note. Ugate: bind. like, a.: alike, equal.
lief: willinoly. ligature, n.: binding, band, like, n.: counterpart.
liege, a.; bound, faithful. tie. like, conj.: as.
Uege, n.; lord, vassal. ligature, v. t.: bind. like, t). i.: please.
Hen: claim. light, a.: bright, blond, paie. liked: acceptable.
lieu: place. ligneous: woody. liken: compare.

t9^ See Notes of Ezplanatioil*

265
 LIKEWISE
likewise, adv. Spec, similarly. hyphen, taw, directrix {math.), outline,
liking, n. approval, shine (J7. S.; slang); plan, hatch, team, string, queue, seam,
spec, affinity, fancy, engouement {French), creance, verse, equator, fortune, trench,
palate, relish, zest, stomach {chiefly with Uneage, degree, isobar, isocheim, isody-
a negative, as in "to have no stomach for"), namic, isocrymal, isogeotherm, isogen, is-
taste, gusto, swallow {rare), inclination, ogonic {phys. geog.), isothere, isotherm,
affection, preference. isothermal, isotheral, loxodrome.
Antonyms: see dislike, abhorrence, 3. jSee AGREEMENT, COURSE, DIRECTION.
AVERSION. 4. file, cue, row, queue, train, string
limb, n. 1. extremity, member {contextual); {colloq.).
spec, arm, leg, wing, paddle, flipper. lineal, a. linear; spec, direct, running.
See LEG. linen, n. Spec, thread, cloth {collective),
2. See BRANCH. napery {rare, Scot, or U. S.), fine {obsolesc),
limber, v. t. supple. 6crue {French), cuttance {Anglo-Indian),
limestone, n. Spec, calp {local Irish), lingerie {collective; French), lawn, hoUand,
clunch, chalk, kunkur {India), tosca, crash.
travertin, soaglia, has, lumaohella, mar- linen, a. Spec, flaxen, hempen {rare),
ble, Ranch wacke {German). • lawny.
limit, n. 1. boundary, bound, utmo.st,. ut- linguist, n. Spec, philologist, glossologist
termost (o less used, but emphatic, eguivor {rare), polyglot, pantoglot.
lent of "utmost"); spec, circumscription linguistic, a. Spec, philological. Glottic
{rare), term, terminus {rare), date, ne plus {rare), glottological or glossological.
ultra {Latin), outside (colloq.), end, stint, linguistics, 71. philology, glottology or
extreme, edge, side, list, qualification, bail, glossology {chiefly spec; rare), linguistry
measure, condition. See boundary. {rare), logonomy (nonce word); spec.
2. See PERIOD. grammar, phonology, accidence.
limit, V. t. bound; spec, circumscribe, con- lining, re. 1. Spec, hatching, ruling, rose-
dition, compass, stint, measure, qualify, work, grating.
define, tail, confine. 2. Spec, interlining, facing, inlayer,
limitation, n. boundary; spec, circum- sheathing, doubUng, doublure, wain-
scription, boundedness, qualification, pre- scot, wadding, brattice or brattish, bush,
scription, restriction, confinement, condi- bouche {French), bushing.
tion, measurement, finiteness. link, n. bond {contextual), juncture {rare or
limited, a. bounded, restricted; spec, cir- spec.); spec, couple, coupler, bar, ring.
cumsoript, confined, definite, qualified; links, n. pi. or collective sing, grounds {pi.;
see FINITE. contextual), golflinks.
Antonyms: see infinite, boundless, in- lion, n. 1. cat {contextual); spec, lioness
exhaustible, UNQUALIFIED. {fem.), Uonet {rare), cub, whelp, lioncel
limp, o. Spec, limpsy {coUoq., U. S. or dial. {chiefly her.), lionel {her.), leopard {her.).
Eng.), flaccid, loose, flaggy, flimsy, slack, 2. See CELEBRITY.
relaxed, lopping, dropping, flagging, hang- lip, n. 1. labium {tech.); spec. hareUp,
ing, pendulous, loppy. chiloma (tech.).
Antonyms: see stiff. 2. edge {contextual), labium {tech.; often
>

limp, V. i. halt, hitch; spec, hobble, hirple spec), labrum {tech.; chiefly spec); spec.
{Scot), hop. labellum {tech.).
line, V. t. cover {contextual); spec, ceil, lip-shaped, a. labiate {tech.), labelloid
dress, wad, wainscot, fur, fillet, bush, {rare) .
'

quilt, fettle, feather, double {obs., exc. liquefied, o. liquid {contextual); spec.
her.), lath, lead, fill. fusile {rare), molten.
line, n. 1. band {contextual); spec, cord, liquefy, v. t. &
i. fluidify {contextual; rare),

thread, rope, hair, fishline, cable, bunt- liquidize {rare); spec, fuse, melt, thaw,
line, string, knittle, towhne. flux {old chem.), hquesce {rare; esp. in v. i.),
2. Spec, crease, boundary, transit, score, dehquesce, liquate, condense, run {v. i.).
stroke, cordon, chain, scotch, stria {tech.), Antonyms: see solidify, coagulate,
striation {tech.), chord, radius, dash. CONGEAL.
fW Cross references: see Note.
 LIVERYMAN
liqueseent, a. liquefying. Antonyms: see coLLOQtriAL.
Uqueur, n. licjuor {conlexluaJ),
cordial; literate, n. literatus (rare), terato(/taZMWi),
soec. benedictine, chartreuse, curajao or literati (pi.; scholars or educated men),
(tess correct) curagoa, maraschino, kirsch- clerisy (coUectvue pi.; obs.). "Literate" as a
waaser, hippocraa {archaic or hist), ratafia, noun is rare.
cherrybounce, persioo, persecot, rasoUo. Antonyms: see ignoramus.
liquid, a. 1. fluid (contextiud), liquiform literature, n. In reference to writings char-
(rare); spec, mobile. acterized by artistic form or expression:
Antonyms: see solid, vaporous. belles-lettres (French; often called "po-
2. See CLEAR, SMOOTH, CONVERTIBLE. lite literature," that is "polished litera-
liquidate, v. t. t. settle (the amount due), ture") or (for short) letters.
fix (o loose usage); see determine. litigant, n. suitor.
2. settle, acquit (rare); spec. pay. litigation, n. contention (contextual), law-
liquidity, n. liquidness, fusion. ing (rare or Scot.); spec, law, vitilitiga-
Uquor, n. beverage (contexiual), drink tion.
(contextual; coKog.), bottle (fig.; esp. with litter, n. 1. couch (contextiuil); spec, doolie
"the"), bouse or booze (slang); spec, tip- or dooly (Anglo-Indian), sedan, travail
ple, supernaculum (learned; humorous (rare), dandy, palankeen or palanquin,
term), ribbon (slang), creature (literary or norimono, stretcher, cacolet (French).
dial.), grog, gin, Hollands, schnapps, hog- 2. See BEDDING, accumulation, disor-
wash (contemptvmts), liqueur, samshoo, der, BIRTH, OPPSPRrNQ.
sake, moonshine, spirit, tizwin, tafia, tape little, n. Spec, modicum, trifle, whit, jot
(slang), raki, rotgut (U. S.; slang), rum, (chiefly used in "jot nor tittle"), tittle (rare,
nappy, ale, beer, wine, mescal, mead, broo exc. as xised with "jot"), bit (colloq.), drop,
(Scot.), bree (Scot.), whisky. dab, dash, pittance, touch, pinch, hand-
list, n. 1. See edge, strip, limit, inclos- ful, pennjrworth (Eng.), halfpennyworth
ure, arena. (Eng.). "LUtle" is often used generically,
2. Spec, inventory, roll, muster, series, vnthout "a," like "much."
catalogue, schedule, scroll, scheme, file, Antonyms: see much.
brief (obs.), calends (pL; rare), panel, littoral, a. coastal.
docket (U. S.), screed, register, ticket, live, V. i. 1. exist (contextual), abide (ar-
slate, row, calendar, nomenclature, cadre chaic; contextual); spec, survive, move
(mil.; French), bulletin, canon, tariff, (fig.), breathe, quicken, number, subsist
schedule, collation, manifest, roster, rota (learned).
(Latin), poll. Antonyms: see die.
list, V. t. Spec, inventory, inventorize 2. Referring to the manner or conditions of
(rare),catalogue, schedule, register, in- living: spec, fare, grow, move, flourish, go,
scribe, enter, enroll, enUst, admit, in- walk, vegetate, crawl, drone, den.
voice (commerce), post (bookkeeping), 3. See PEED, DWELL, FLOAT.
book, bill, slate, leet (British and liveliness, n. activity, life, vivacity, etc.
chiefly
Scot.), matriculate, manifest (commerce), lively, a. 1. active, alive, spirited, animated
empanel, bulletin, docket, calendar, poll. (referring only to mental or emotional ac-
listen, V. i. attend (contextiuil), list (archaic), tivity), vivacious (referring to persons only;
hark (chiefly archaic; literary), hearken rare, exc. spec); spec, dashing, efferves-
or harken (formal or literary), hear, eaves- cent, brisk, quick, buxom (archaic),
drop. breezy (colloq.), spanking, sparkling,
listen, V. t. hear; spec, eavesdrop. warm, racy, rousing, sharp, sprightly,
listening, n. listen (chiefly used in "on the spry (colloq., U. S.), bright, frisky, frisk,
listen"), hearkening: barkening, spec. volatile, Iifeful (rare), crisp, dapper,
Eavesdropping, auscultation; see listen. pleased, cheerful; gay, strong, rackety
literally, adv. literatim (Latin), verbatim (slang).
et Uteratim (Latin), verbatim (Latin). Antonyms: see inactive, motionless,
literary, a. educated, learned, hterate still.
(relatively rare), hterose (rcire; disparag- 2. see stimulating, bright, respon-
ing), paper (depredatory), inky (deprecio/- sive, spirited.
tory), bookish (often derogatory), blue- liveryman, n. stableman (contextual), let-
stocking or (for short) blue (depreciatory). ter, jobber (Eng.), jobmaster (Eng.).

^ff' Cross references: jee Note. lit: lighted. livable: endurable.

list, V. i.: desire. literal: verbal. live, a,: living, energetic, burn-
list, n.; desire. literate: learned, literary. ing, electrified, loaded.
list,!. (. (ti.: listen. lithe: flexible. livelihood: living.
Ustiess: languid, apathetic, didl, litter, V. i.; bear. liven: stimulate, brighten, fresh-
faint, sluggish. llthurgy: rite. en.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

267
 — .

LIVID
livid, o. leaden, blae {Scot.); spec, cyanotic. sectional, provincial, topical or topic {rare
living, a. 1. alive {always postposUive or or tech.), territorial, epichorial {rare).'^
predicative), live, quick {archaic); spec. Antonyms: see general, universal,
breathing, organic {biol.), organized {biol.) widespread, WORLDWIDE.
Antonyms: see lifeless, dead. localize, n. Spec, territoriahze, provincial-
a. See PLOWINQ, BUJBNINQ, PRESENT. ize, concentrate, Umit^ place.
living, n. livelihood {less concrete, but often lock, n. Spec, tress, flake {archaic), ring-
more definite, than "living"), subsistence let, curl, cowlick, elflock, forelock, flock.
or sustenance {learned), support, susten- lock, n. fastening {contextiud); spec, pad-
tation {rare), sustainment {rare), main- lock, latch, bolt, key.
tenance, cohabitation, cohabitancy {rare), lock, V. t. 1. fix {contextual), fasten {don^
benefice. "Living" is rare, exc. in "to get, textual); spec, latch, bolt, padlock.
earn, make," etc., "a living." 2. fasten {contextiud); spec, embrace,
lizard, n. saurian {tech.), lacertian {tech.); close, grapple, interlock, interlink.
spec, newt, eft, asp, snake, skink, taren- lodge, n. 1. See house, cottage.
tola, marblet, dart, hardim, heloderm, 2. Referring to any place where one lodges
iguana, geitje, gecko, gila monster, gaUi- or rests: spec, camp, canton, quarter,
wasp, guana, dragon, steUion. doss {slang or cant), bench, burrow, tent,
lizard, a. saurian {tech.), lacertine {tech.), dwelling.
lacertian {tech.). 3. See BRANCH.
lizardlike, a. sauroid, samian, lacertiform, lodge, V. t. 1. accommodate; spec, bed,
lacertian, lacertine; all tech., exc. lizard- house, inn {rare), burrow, billet, quarter,
like. kennel {often fig.), nestle, nest (a more lit-
load, n. 1. burden; spec, cargo, freight, eral word than "nestle"), embower, tent,
draft, pack, freightage, cargason {obs.), guest.
loading {rare), jag {U. S. or Eng. dial), 2. See DEPOSIT, SHELTER, VEST.
lading, charge. lodge, V. i. 1. dwell, roost {now colloq.),
2. See BURDEN, CHARGE, PRESSURE, RE- harbor {archaic or rare); spec, room {U.
SISTANCE. S.), bunk, bed, night {rare), cabin, quar-
load, V. t. 1. burden, lade {now esp. of a ter, hut.
ship, exc. in p. p. "laden"), weight; spec. 2. Spec, fall {contextual), settle, light,
pile, cumber, freight, hamper. alight, he {archaic), nestle, nest.
2. charge {more formal than load); spec. lodger, n. roomer {U. S.), dosser {slang or
double-shot, slug, shot, lead, overcharge. cant).
Antonyms: see discharge. lodging, n. 1. lodgment; spec, depositing.
3. See ADULTERATE. 2. In pi. lodgment {rare), accommoda-
loaded, burdened^ laden {spec, "heav-
a. 1. tion; spec, dwelling, apartment, housing,
ily laden"), heavy, freighted. barracks {pi.), cantonment, rooms {pi.;
2. Referring to a firearm: charged; spec. colloq. or familiar).
live, shotted. loft, n. 1. Spec, attic, traverse {architec-
loadstone, n. lodestone, lode {archaic or ture), gallery, fly, jube, haymow, hayloft.
rare), magnet {min.). 2. See STOREROOM.
loaf, n. Spec, twist, cob, brick, loaflet, log, n. 1. Spec, block, stump, stock {ar-
manchet {archaic), roll, block. chaic or literary).
loafer, n. idler; spec, larrikin, wharf rat 2. See RECORD.
{card), lazzarone {Italian), beggar, bum- 1. Spec, dialectic or {rrwre com-
logic, n.
mer {slang, U. S.). monly) dialectics.
lobby, n. hall {contextiud), foyer {chiefly 2. See REASONING.
spec.; French); spec, hallway {V. S.), logical, a. sound, legitimate, valid; spec.
anteroom, entrance. raisonni {French), competent, correct,
lobe, n. division {contextual); spec, fluke, clear-headed, argumentative, dialectic.
lappet, auricle, insula, wing. Antonyms: see absurd, illogical, in-
lobed, o. divided {contextvM), lobate, lo- consequent, INCONSISTENT.
bated, auriculate, invected {chiefly her.). logician, n. Spec. Ramist, logicaster
lobster, n. decapod {contextual); spec, ho- {rare), dialectician.
marine, shedder, crayfish {chiefly Eng.). loin, 71. reins {pi.), fillet {esp. of an
local, a. Spec, regional, regionary (rare). animal); spec, griskin.

t^' Cross references: see Note. loathing: aversion, abhorrence, locality: place.
loaf, V. t.; idle. disgust. location: place, placing.
loath: unwilling. loathly: abominable, disgusting. locomotioxi: motion.
loathe: dislike, abhor. [ing. loathsoxne: abominable, dis- lofty: high, elevated, exalted,
loathful: ahomindble, disguat- gusting. generous, bombastic, dignified.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation*

268
 —
LORN
loincloth, n. pagne (French), dhoti or gaze, peep, peer, squint, ogle, lookout,
dhootie (Anglo-Indian), lungi (East Iiv- leer.
dian). 3. See EXPRESSION, front, APPEARANCE,
lonely, a. 1. See alone. ASPECT.
2. unfrequented, lone (lUerary or archaic), lookout, n. I. See look.
solitary, lorlorn (archaic), lonesome, lorn 2. Referring to the place: outlook, ob-
(literary or archaic), only (rare of dial.); servatory; spec, gazebo, belvedere, tower,
spec, desolate, retired. cupola, crow's-nest.
S. depressing, lonesome (less common than loop, n. fold (contextual), bend (contextual),
"lonely" in this seme), dreary, diear ring; spec, hank, bight, link, bow, billet,
(rare), bleak, drearisome (rare); spec. pearl, coil, crupper, ear, buckle, staple,
gloomy, fearful, dismal. coque, eye, picot, noose, purl, sling, frog.
4. See DEPRESSED. loop, V. t. 1. fold (contextudC)^ bind (conn
long, a. Spec, longish, lengthy, extended, textual), ring; spec, noose, coil, kink.
elongate or elongated, great, longsome 2. See ENCIRCLE.
(rare), long-drawn, far (idiomatically loophole, n. hole (contextual), aperture
usedj as in "afar way," "afar cry," etc.), (contextiud), vent (rare); spec, meuse or
prohx (rare, exc. in reference to discourse), muse (rare), embrasure.
mortal (slang). loose, a. 1. free; spec, open, light, discon-
Antonyms: see short, brief. nected, slack, incoherent, detached, in-
long, V. i. yearn (more rhetorical than compact or uncompacted, graspless,
"long"), repine, hunger (fig.), thirst (fig.); crank or cranky, uncombined.
spec, pine, hanker (colloq.), crave, lust, Antonyms: see tight, firm.
pant, groan, yawn, sigh, weep, cry, moan, 2. Referring to the bowels: lax (less em-
etc. phatic than "loose"), open, relaxed; spec.
long-headed, a. 1. Spec. dolichocephaUc, dysenterioal, diarrheal, scoury (colloq.).
macrocephahc, macrocephalous; all three Antonyms: see constipated.
tech. 3. See INEXACT, EASY, IMMORAL, LAX,
2. See DISCERNING. DISCURSIVE.
longing, n. desire, yearning, hunger (fig.), loose, V. t. 1. free, imloose (more emphatic
thirst (fig.); spec, hanker (coUoq.), crav- than "loose"), unloosen (rare); spec, re-
ing, panting, lust, dipsomania, appetite, lease, slacken, slack, unrein, disengage, un-
etc. do, untie, unbolt, unlock unbind, unpack,
Antonyms: see aversion. unfix, slip, unclasp, unbrace, unhasp, un-
longing, a. yearning, hungry (fig.), thirsty tether, unbuckle, imsUng, unshackle, un-
(jig.; spec), panting, hankering (colloq.), screw, unstring, unstick, unharness, un-
wistful, craving, lustful, etc. yoke, untruss, untrace, unchain, trip,
longitudinal, a. lengthwise, endwise. unmoor, unpin, unlace, unlash, unanchor,
long-lived, a. longevous (literary or learn- uncord.
ed), longeval (rare), longseval (rare), ma- Antonyms: see loose, bind, fasten,
crobian (rare), vivacious (rare). CLUTCH, CONFINE.
Antonyms: see ephemeral. 2. Spec, free, release, disengage, relax,
long-Uvedness, n. longevity (the usual etc.
term), vivaciousness (rare). lord, n. lording (esp. in address; archaic or
look, V. i. 1. See see. anequiv.of"lordUng"); spec, master, pro-
2. behold (archaic or literary), see (obs., prietor, liege, seignor, thakur (East In-
exc. imperative); spec, peep, peer, gaze, dia), laird (Scot.), kami (Japanese), sa-
squint, retrospect, introspect, outpeep murai (Japanese), suzerain, senor (Span-
(poetic). ish), signor (Italian), husband, Jehovah,
5. See APPEAR, EXAMINE, EXPECT, FACE, Christ.
ATTEND. Antonyms: see vassal, subject.
look, n. 1. See sight. lordship, n. 1. See rule.
2. regard (rare), eyebeam (archaic and 2. estate (contextual), domain, lairdship
rare), eye (fig.), looldng, eyeshot (rare, (Scot.); free, suzerainty, seigniory, seig-
exc. spec); spec, blush, glance, cast, ken nory, signory, mesnalty, castellany.
(rare), retrospect, introspect, languish. 3. See DOMAIN.

J^" Cross references: see Note. longitude: -place, distance. lop, V. i.: hang, droop.
loiter: delau. longitudinal: lengthwise. lope, n.: gait.
loll: droop, idle. long-suflering: patiem.t. lope, V. i.: go.
lone: alone, unmarried, lonely. long-winded: prolix. topper: coagulate.
lonesome: lonely. look, D, t.: express. loquacious: talkative.
longevity: long-Uvedness. loot: plunder. lord, V. i.: domineer.
longevous: long-lived. lop, V. t.: cut, chop. lorn: abandoned, lonely.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

269
 — ; ;

LORBT
lorry, n. vehicle (fionte^iual), roUey {dial. 8. beloved {archaic or formal), inamorata
Eng.). (Jem.; Italian), inamorato {ma.sc.; Italian)
lose, V. t. 1. See depkive, forfeit. spec, idol, ladylove.
2. Spec, drop {slang), sink, miss, sacrifice 4. See amour, liking.
{cant), pretermit, waste, dice. 5. In tennis, etc.: nothing.
Antonyms: clear, recover, win.
see love, V. t. 1. belove {chiefly in passive),
loss, n. I. See ruin. cherish; spec, adore, idolize, idolatrize.
2. detriment; spec, sacrifice {cant), cost, Antonyms: see hate, abhor, abominate.
hurt, forfeiture, average, deperdition 2. See like.
{rare), penalty, damage, leakage, death, loved, a. dear, beloved {archaic or formal),
casualties {pi.; mililary), disadvantage. lief {archaic).
"Loss" is not a synonym of "deprivation" love letter, billet-doux {French).
hut considers the detriment from the point love making, courtship {ustially refer-
of view of the one deprived. ring to honorable love making), gallantry
Antonyms: see gain, acquisition, com- {esp. illicit), service {archaic).
pensation, PROFIT. lover, n. admirer {contextual), sweetheart,
lost, a. Spec, forfeit, unredeemed, astray, steady {slang; vulgar or used only among
absent; see abandoned, ruined. the lower classes), servant {ohs. or ar-
lot, n. 1. counter, sors {Latin; pi. sortes). chaic^, leman {archaic); spec, beau, gal-
2. Spec, division, share, destiny, quantity, lant, squire {colloq.), cavalier {archaic),
plot, dole. follower {colloq.), chamberer, spark {col-
lottery, n. gamble; spec, tombola, little- loq.), idoUzer, Daphnis C^.), inamorato
go {hist.), raffle. {masc; Italian), ladylove, truelove, cicis-
loud, a. 1. big {used esp. of the voice or of a beo {Italian), cavaliere servente {Italian),
noise), strong {as requiring or suggesting paramour.
strength or violence); spec, heavy, high, lovesick, a. languishing {contextual), love-
stentorian {very loud), clamant {literary), lorn.
crying, roaring, clamorous, sonorous, low, v. i. cry {contextual), bellow, moo {less
noisy, outspoken. usiuil than "low"), boo {rare).
Antonyms: see silent. low, a. 1. short {as opposed to tall), httle {as
2. Referring to what makes a loud noise: opposed to big), base {archaic); spec, de-
spec, noisy, clamorous, sonorous. pressed, down.
Antonyms: see silent. Antonyms: see high.
3. See vivid, flashy. 2. Referring to relative position: spec, ab-
loudly, adv. aloud, loud, big, bigly {rare); ject, depressed, profound, basal.
spec, heavily, forte {Italian). Antonyms: see high.
loud-voiced, a. stentorian. S. See LOWLY, degraded, coarse, de-
louse, n. parasite {contextual) creeper {vul-
, pressed, WEAK, BASE.
gar); spec, cootie {slang; chiefly Eng.), 4. Emphasizing the absence of, or incom-
nit, ked, crab {slang). patibility with, refinement or good ideals:
lousiness, n. pediculosis, phthiriasis; unrefined, vulgar; spec, plebeian, base,
hoth tech. lousy {fig.; contemptuous and vulgar or un^
lousy, a. pedicular {rare), pediculous dignified), dirty {coarsely contemptuau.s),
{tech.); spec, nitty {rare). contemptible, depraved.
lovable, a. amiable, lovesome {archaic); Antonyms: see exalted.
spec, loveworthy. 5. Referring to pitch of sound: grave,
lovableness, re. amiability, lovewortn, deep, heavy; spec, flat, bass.
lovesomeness {archaic); spec, loveworthi- Antonyms: see high, shrill.
ness, honey {referring to one's manner). 6. In reference to audibility of sound:
love, re. 1. amour (o6s.), feeling {contextual), weak, gentle, still; spec, subdued.
attachment; spec, affection, adoration, lower, a. inferior, nether {now only liter-
idolism or idolatry, idolization, passion, ary); spec, under, subjacent.
fondness. Antonyms: see higher.
Antonyms: see hatred, dislike, ab- lower, V. t. 1. Spec, depress, demit {rare),
horrence, aversion, ill-will. dip, flatten, lay {naut.),. shorten {naut.),
2. As personified: spec. Eros (Greefc), Amor couch, douse {naut.), sink, duck, drop,
{Latin), Cupid {Latin), Venus {rare). strike.

K^" Cross references: see Note. lonry: frowning. lovesome: lovable.

lotion: wash. lout: boor. loving: affectionate.
lounge, V. i.: idle, rest. loutish: boorish. low-born: humble.
lounge, n.: couch. love aflair: amour. [tifvl. low-bred: boorish.
lour: frown, threaten. lovely: lovable, agreeable, beau- lower, V, i.: frown, threaten.

S^^ See Notes of Explanation.

270
 — ;

LUSTROUS
ArUonyms: see raise, lift. (rare), lucency (rare), lucidity, lucidness,
2. See A3ATE, DEGRADE, DEPRECIATE, illumination, fire, flame, glare, brilliance,
DIMINISH, ABASE. blaze, dazzle, dazzlingness, incandes-
8. Referring to sound: deepen, grave (rare); cency, luminescence.
spec, flatten. luminous, a. 1. self-luminous, radiant
lower, V. i. Referring to the countenance: (chiefly spec.), radiative (rare); spec, bright
fall,cloud, threaten. (contextual), brilliant, shining, lucid (now
lowest, o. lowermost (more formal than poetic or tech.), splendid, splendorous or
"lowest"), nethermost (now literary or splendrous, fulgent, effulgent (used esp.
rare), last (chiefly spec.). with a good connotation), refulgent, lucible
Antonyms: see highest. (rare), lucent (rare), luculent (rare), in-
lowland, a. lallan (Scot.). candescent or candescent, breme (obs. or
lowland, n. lallan (Scot.); spec, valley. poetic), lightful (rare), glaring, flaring,
Antonyms: see upland. glowing, illuminated, sparkling, corus-
lowliness, n. humbleness, ignobleness cant, dazzUng, flaming, sunny, burning.
(rare or spec), ignobility (rare), lowlihead Antmiyms: see dark.
(rare or archaic), humility, etc. See CLEAR, INTELLIGIBLE.
2.
lowly, a. I. humble, ignoble (primarily lump, n. 1. mass; spec, collection (con-
spec.), base, low, mean, vulgar (primarily textual), hunk, clot, clod, clout (rare or
spec.; archaic); spec, small, obscure. dial.), clump, nugget, pat, knot, dab,
Antonyms: see noble. chunk.
2. See INFERIOR, MODEST. 2. See PROTUBERANCE.
low-necked, a. Spec. d6collet6 (French). lumpy, a. Spec, cloddy, clumpy, flaky,
low-prioed, a. cheap. clumpish (rare), lumpish, clubbed, knotty,
lozenge, n. Spec, pastil, tabloid (a trade- cloggy.
mark name; often used fig.), tablet, tab- lunar, a. lunary (rare), Cynthian (poetic);
lette, drop, peppermint, jujube. spec, crescent-shaped.
lozenge, n. rhombus or rhomb (geom.), lunch, n. meal (contextual), luncheon (obs.
diamond (used esp. in reference to decoror or dial.), dejeuner (French); spec, snack,
tive features). tiffin (Anglo-Indian).
lozenge-shaped, a. rhomboidal, rhom- lung, n. breather (slang), lights (pi.; now
boid, rhombeous (rare), rhombic; all chiefly or only spec).
four learned or tech. lung, a. pulmonary, pulmonal (rare), pul-
1-shaped, a. lamboid or lambdoidal (tech.). —
monic (rare); all three learned or tech.
lubricant, n. lubricator, dope (U. S.; lurk, V. i. 1. hide (contextual), snook or
slang); spec, oil, grease, graphite, slush, snoke (chiefly northern Eng. or Scot.), har-
etc. bor (archaic); spec, skulk, couch.
Antonyms: see abrasive. 2. See BE, SNEAK.
lubricate, v. t. lubrify (rare), dope (slang, luster, n. 1. Referring to reflected light:
U. S.); spec, oil, grease, slush. spec shining, brightness, sheen, brilliance,
luminescent, a. luminous (contextiud) gloss, glaze, reflet (French), lucency (rare),
spec, phosphorescent, phosphoreous (rare), refulgence, refulgency, splendor, resplen-
phosphoric, fluorescent, noctilucent or dence, bright (poetic), Dumish, dazzle,
noctilucous (rare), triboluminescent. dazzlingness, gleam, sparkle, fire, glitter,
Antonyms: dark.
see silver, gold, chatoyement (French), schil-
luminosity, self-luminousness, lumi-
n. ler.
nousness; spec, brightness, brilliance, 2. See FAME, BEAUTY.
shine, shining, splendor, refulgence, ef- lustrous, a. 1. Referring to reflection of
fulgence, bright (poetic), lightfulness light: spec, bright (contextual), brilliant,
(rare), fulgor, lightness, lightsomeness shining, clear, nitid (rare), bumbhed.

KS^ Cross references: see Note. lug, n,: ear, handle. lunch, n. i.: eat.
lowering, a.: frowning, threal' lug, V. t.: draw. lunch, feed.
D. (.;
ening, cloudy. luggage: baggage. lunge; thrust, jump.
lowering, n.; degradation. lugubrious: depressing, de- lurch, n.: defeat.
lowery: frowning, threatening, pressed, mournful, sorrowful. lurch,!, e.: cheat.
cloudy. lukewarm: languid. lurch: incline.
low-splrlted: depreseed. lull, V. t. & i.: calm. lurid: ghastly, doudy, fiery.
loyal: constant. lull, n.; intermission. lurking: hidden.
lubber: clown, seaman. [ble. lumber, n.: refuse, timber. luscious: pleasant, tensuous.
luold: luminous, clear, inielligi' lumber, s. t.; mone. lush: luxuriant.
Inok: chance, fortune. lumber, v. t.: encumber. lust, n.: desire.
Inoky: fortunate. lump, V. f : gather, unite, dislike.
. lust, V, t.: long.
lucre: profit, wealth. lumpish: lumpy, dull. lusterless: dull.
luoubrate: work, discourse. lunatic, a..- deranged. lustful: desirous, lascivious.
ludicrous: laughable, absurd. lunatic, n.; deranged person. lustral: expiatory.

XW See Notes ol Explanation.

271
 LUSTY
glossy, shiny, vivid, lusterful, sheeny, mad, a. 1. See deranged, frantic, in-
chatoyant, sUken, sUky, satiny, ghttering, fatuated, GAY, ANGRY.
silvery, golden, coruscant, polished, 2. Referring to dogs: rabid {technical or
pearly. learned).
Antxmyms: see dead. madam, n. ma'am {collog., and now used
2. See FAMOUS, beautipttl. only parenthetically or at the end of the
luxuriant, u. 1. lusty (archaic), thrifty; sentence), madonna {Italian), signora
spec, exuberant, effuse^ rank, gross, flour- {Italian), senhora {Portuguese), senora
ishing, lush, jungly, wild, rampant. {Spanish), madame {French).
Antonyms: see barren. madman, n. bedlamite {archaic or liter-
2. See PKODUCTiVE, abundant, florid. ary); spec, raver.
luxurious, a. I. Spec, elegant, rich, volup- madness, n. 1. See derangement, an-
tuous, sumptuous, sybaritic or sybaritical, ger, ECSTASY, FOOLISHNESS.
Corinthian, Lydian, molhtious (rare), high, 2. Referring to dogs: rabies {technical).
epicurean, downy, silken, superb, splendid. magic, n. thaumaturgy {learned); spec.
Antonyms: see simple. necromancy, black art, black magic, en-
2. See comfortable. chantment, sorcery, diabolism, devilry,
luxury, n. 1. Spec, elegance, elegancy, deviltry or diablerie, Magianism, witch-
richness, voluptuousness, sumptuousness, craft or witchery, bewitchery, conjuration
luxuriousness, sybaritism, delicacy, epi- or con jury, incantation, glamour, glam-
cureanism. oury or {revived in literary v^e by Scott)
Antonyms: see simplicity. gramarye {chiefly used in "cast a glamour
2. See COMFORT, enjoyment. over"), pishouge {Irish), wizardry, male-
lye, n. lixivium {tech.); spec, buck, bate, fice {archaic), goety {obs. or archaic),
bittern. cantation {rar^, fascination {obs. or
lying, a. equivocatory {rare and spec, or hist.), myaUsm
{West Indies, etc.), obeah
eujAemistic), pseudology (rore), false, or obi {negro), epode {rare), voodoo, hoo-
truthless, mendacious {learned); spec. doo {U. S.), exorcism, theurgy, spell.
fabidous, fabling. See JUGGLERY, INFLUENCE.
Antonyms: see prank. magical, a. thaumaturgic or thaumaturgi-
lying, n. equivocation {spec, or euphemis- cal {learned), enchanting; spec, sorcerous,
tic and less offensive than " lying"), false- necromantic, Chaldean, diabolic, diabol-
hood, mendacity {learned and less offen- ical, occult, mystical, druidic or druidical,
sive than "lying"); spec, fabling, prevari- talismanic, hermetic or hermetical, incan-
cation; cf. lie. tatory, alchemical.
lying-in, n. accouchement {French). magician, n. Spec, conjurer, necroman-
lyre, n. Stahlspiel {German), shell {poetic); cer, sorcerer, sorceress, wizard, diaboUst,
spec, trigon. incantator, witch, evocator or evoca-
lyre -shaped, a. lyriform {learned or tech.), trix, seer, tregetour {obs. or archaic),
lyrate or lyrated {tech.). warlock, enchanter, enchantress, archi-
lyric, n. poem {contextual); spec, epode, mage, mage {archaic), pellar or peUer
madrigal, canzone {Italian), melic. (dial.), exorcist, fetishere or fetisher,
medicine man. Magus, powwow, voodoo,
M Druid, Circe, diviner, divineress, Ma-
gian. Shaman.
machine, n. 1. contrivance {contextiud), magic lantern, stereopticon; spec, mega^
apparatus, gin {archaic, exc. spec); spec. scope.
automaton, lever, lathe, motor, loom, magistrate, n. authority {a fig. use); spec.
crab, vehicle, press, die, bUly, etc. duumvir, triumvir, decemvir, eponym,
2. See PERSON, organization. burgomaster, bencher, prefect, president,
machinery, n. 1. See means. mayor, consul, recorder, tribune, sover-
2. apparatus, enginery {chiefly fig. or eign, warden, vizir, vizier, landdrost,
spec?); spec, clockwork. demiurge, doge, ephete, ephor, propraetor,
machinist, n. mechanist {rare), mechanic, kotwal, judge, etc.
mechanician. magnate, n. Spec, grandee {orig. Spanish

^^ Cross references: see Note. machinate: devise, conspire, msenad: nymph, bacchante,
lusty: cheer/ul, healthy. intrigue. reveler.
lute: cement. machine, V. ^.' shape, dress, maggoty: wormy.
luxate: dislocate. macula: spot. magisterial: arrogant, dog-
luxuriate: grow, 'abound, feast. madden: derange, fremy,anger, matic, authoritative, command-
made: artificial.
M made-up: artificial, false.
ing, dictatorial.
magnanimity: generosity,
maoaronio: confusediburlesque. madhouse: asylum. magnanimous: generous.
JW See Notes of Explanation.
272

vr panjandrum (derisive),
Poriuffuese),
Mogul (Jig.), bashaw (Jig.).
Antonyms: see nobody.
magnify, v. t. 1. See praise, exaggerate.
2. enlarge; spec, microscope (rare), gigan-
tize.
maidservant, n. servant (contextual),
maid (now tfie ordinary term), girl (now malcontent, n. Spec, irreconcilable, ma-
obsolescent, esp. among the more or less pre- lignant (rare), frondeur (French), fronde
tentious), wench (now contemptiums or de-
rogatory); spec, handmaid or handmaiden male, a. 1. he (opposed to "she"; chiefly
(archaic or fig.), abigail (fig.), ancilla (a
Latinism), bidd.y (Irish; colloq.), bonne
(French), slavey (slang or contemptuous),
matranee (India), housemaid.
Antonyms: see manservant.
mail, n. As a collective sing.: letters
matter; spec, tappal (East India).
mail, V. t. post; spec. drop.
maim, v. t. cripple, bemaim (intensive);
spec, deface (contextual), truncate, pinion,
hamstring.
maiming, crippling, mayhem (law),
n.
demembration (chiefly Scots law); spec.
truncation.
mainland, n. land, main (archaic), con-
tinent (chiefly spec).
Antonyms: see island.
maintain, v. t. Spec, sustain, continue,
defend, support, preserve, vindicate, as-
sert, fight, msist (often with "that"), keep,
hold, retain.
Antonyms: see alter, ABjtrRE.
maintenance, n. Spec, continuation, de-
fense, vindication, support, assertion, aid,
Uving, keeping, holding.
maize, n. grain, Indian corn (U. S.), corn
(U. S.), mealies (pi.; South Africa).
majority, n. 1. adulthood.
2. mass (esp. in "the masses and the
classes"), bulk, preponderance; spec.
plurality.
Antonyms: see minority.
make, Spec, produce, cause, effect,
v. t. 1.
form, manufacture, feel, constitute, con-
feet (affected, after French), do, fashion,
forge, establish, attempt, enact, consider,
MAN
count, advance, clear, construct, con-
tract, create, prepare, traverse, compose,
turn, strike, take, brew (often levy,
fig.),
pick, cut, light, bore, coin, paint, draw,
execute (as a painting), work, etc.
making, n. doing (contextital), facture
(bookish), manufacture.
(a collective; French).
used aUrihvivoely), masculine (rare).
Antonyms: see female.
See MANLY.
2.
male, n. he, masculine (rare); spec, torn- (in
combination), jack- (in combination), man,
(pi.), boy,ox,bull,rooster, milter, dog, stag, buck.
Antonyms: see female.
malevolence, n. dislike (contextual), ma-
lignance, rancor, venom, ill-will; spec.
hate, hatred, despite.
Antonyms: see compassion.
malevolent, o. black (Jig.), black-hearted,
malign (rare), malignant, ill, rancorous,
virulent, viperish, reptile; spec, evil, hate-
ful, baleful, fiendish.
Antonyms: see benevolent, kindly,
compassionate.
malfeasance, n. evildoing, delinquence
(contextital); spec, criminality, misde-
meanance, malversation (tech.).
malfeasor, n. evildoer, malfeasant (tech.),
delinquent (contextual); spec, criminal,
convict, felon, bushranger, gallows, gal-
lowsbird, etc.
mallet, n. hammer; spec, gavel (U. S.).
man, n. 1. See person, mankind, hus-
band, VASSAL, SERVANT, EMPLOYEE, MAN-
LINESS, PIECE.
2. gentleman (only in address or by way of
courtesy; used chiefly in pi.), fellow (far
miliar, btU not in good usage as an ordinary
equivalent for "man"), groom (archaic),
boy (in familiar address), microcosm (lit"
erary or philosophical); spec, heart, buck
(slang), Caliban, Betty, Molly, Peggy, cot,
cotbetty (U. S.).

t^f Cross references: see Note. mall, n.: armor. maladroit: awkward.
magnet: loadattme, attraction. mall, V. t.: post. malady: disease.
magnetio: hj/pnotic, attrac- malm: mutilate. malapropos: uTisuitable.
tive. main, n.: strength, channel, malcontent: discontent.
magnetism: energy, attrac- mair^nd. malediction: cursing, curse.
tion, hypnotism. main, a.: powerful, chief, ut- malefic: harmful.
magnlflo: imposing, grand, most. maleficent: harmful.
bombastic, exalted. mainly: chiefly. malfeasant: evildoing,
magnlfloent: grand, imposing, mainstay: support. malformed: deformed.
elevated, exalted, fine. majestic; dignified, grand. malice: HX^mill.
msgnifloo: personage. majesty: dignity, grandeur. malign: malevolent.
magniloquent: bombastic. major: greater, adult. malignant: malevolent, viru-
magnitude: size, extent, quan- m^e, V. i.: constitute. lent.
tity. makeshift, n.: expedient, sub- malignity: malevolence, iU-
maid: girl, virgin, domestic. stitute. will.
maiden, n..* girl, virgin. makeshift, a.: provisional. malison: curse.
maiden, a.: youthfvl, virgin, make-up: composition, ar- malleable: ductile.
unused, first. rangement. malodor: smell.
maidenly: girlish, virgin. makeweight: counterpoise. maltreat: ill-treat.

K^" See Notes of Explanation.

273
 MAN
Antonyms: see woman. manipulate, v. t. 1. See handle, fingeb,
man, v. t. Spec, garrison, people. massage, -wieu). I

manacle, n. band (con^extita!) , riandcuff (t?ie 2. manage; spec, jockey, shufHe, rig
ordinary informed term), snitcher (slang), (slang or colloq.), miUc (cant or slang).
nippers {pi; slang), wristlet {humorous). mankind, n. man (less formal than "man-
manage, v. t. 1. control, conduct, order, kind"), men (pi.), humanity, humankind
boss (slang or cant), regulate; spec, direct, (unusual), flesh (fig.), earth {with "the").
handle, guide, misgovern, operate (chiefly Antonyms: see womankind.
U. S.), negotiate (chiefly colloq. or slang), manliness, n. manhood (archaic), manli-
swing, administer, manipulate, wield (of- hood (rare), masculinity, mannishness,
ten fig.), engineer, navigate, maneuver, manlikeness, virihty.
nurse, fight, nold, work. Ardonyms: see effeminacy, femininity.
2.See ACCOMPLISH, afford, contrive. manly, a. male, masculine (chiefly spec.),
manage, v. i. Spec, frame, do, shift, con- manful (often spec.), virile (elevated; often
trive. used fig.), manlike (chiefly spec), mannish
manageable, a. Spec, governable, con- (chiefly spec). "Manly" always has a
formable, tractile, tractable, gentle, flex- good connotation.
ible, ductile, docile, buxom (archaic), Antonyms: see childish, femininb,
pliable, pliant, handy (naut.), wieldy, tow- womanly, ladylike.
ard or towardly (archaic), advisable (rare), manner, n. 1. See kind.
teachable, etc. 2. way, mode, sort (archaic), fashion
Antonyms: see unmanageable, un- (rare, exc spec with "after," "in," etc.).
RUIiT, intractable, OBSTINATE, PER- 3. In pi.: etiquette; spec, breeding.
VERSE, UNWIELDY. 4. See CUSTOM, air, behavior.
management, n. 1. control, regulation, man-of-war, n. ship (contextuM); spec.
carriage Eng.); spec, conduct,
(chiefly battleship, cruiser, dreadnought, super-
guidance, administration, operation (chief- dreadnought, torpedo boat destroyer, gun-
ly U. S.), economy, operation, husbandry, boat, submarine, submersible.
ordinance (rare or archaic), dispensation, manservant, n. man (contextual; colloq.);
diplomacy, etc. spec, footman, flunky or flunkey, valet,
2. See accomplishment. gyp (cant; Eng.), boy (chiefly South Af-
3. Spec, board, directory, directorate. rican or Anglo-Indian), butler, waiter,
manager, n. controller; spec, conductor, cook, etc; see lackey.
operator, guide, dispenser (archaic), Antonyms: see maidservant.
wielder, impresario (Italian), economist, mantle, n. 1. cloak; spec, chasuble (ecc2.),
maneuverer, engineer, curator, overseer, toga, tallitto, pelisse, chuddar (Anglo-
steward. Indian).
manger, n. Spec, cratch (ohs.), crib, 2. See COVER, envelope, foam.
trough, box. 3. mantelpiece, chimneypiece.
mangle, v. t. I. deface; spec, cut, slash, manure, n. fertilizer (contextual), dung (a
mince, hash, butcher, hasp. word little itsed), muck, soil (ohs. or rare);
2. Referring to words, music, etc.: spec. spec, folding (Eng.), tankage, guano.
murder, mouth, gargle, bungle, mutilate. manure, v. t. fertilize (contextual), soil
manhater, n. misanthrope, misanthropist. (obs. or rare), dung (o word little used),
man-hating, a. misanthropic. bedung (intensive; rare).
Antonyms: see amatory. manuscript, n. 1. document (contextual);
manhood, n. 1. As distinguished from spec, palimpsest, codex, opisthograph
"womanhood": virility (learned). (tech.).
2. See manliness, courage. Antonyms: see print.
manitold, v. t. multiply; spec, graph (col- See WRITING.
2.
loq.),hectograph. many, a. numerous; spec, frequent, mani-
manifold, n. copy; spec, graph (colloq.), fold, multitudinous, multifold.
cyclostyle, polygraph, hectograph, mimeo- Antonyms: see pew, all.
graph. many -colored, a. polychromic, poly-
t^^ Cross refereruxs: see Note. ble. manual, a.; autographic.
mandate: bidding. manifest, n.: list. manual, n,; luindbook, key-
mandatory: commanding. manifestation: appearance, board.
manful: vmniy. disclosure, show. manufactory: factory.
manhandle: move, handle. manifold: diversified. manufacture, n.: making,
maniac, a.: deranged. manikin: dwarS. product.
maniac, n.: deranged pereon. mannerless: unmannerly. manufacture, v. t.: make, de-
manifest, v. t.: disclose, show, mannerly: po2ite. vise.
list. . mannisli: manly. manufactured: artificial.
manifest, a.: evident, intelligi- mansion: dwelling. manumit: free.

(9^ See Notes of Explanation.

274
 — — ,

MARROON
chromatic, polychrome; aU three learned marine, n. I. See FLEET, PICTURE.
or tech. 2. gulpin (slang), joUy (British; slang or
Antonyms: see one-colored. coUoq.), shipman (rare).
many-footed, a. multiped, multipede; marital, a. 1. See matrimonial.
both learned or tech. 2. husbandly (less formal).
many- headed, a. polycephalic (rare). mark, n. 1. oee aim, object.
many-jointed, o. multiarticulate (tech.). 2. Referring to a thing shot at: target
many-named, o. polyonymous (rare), (primarily spec); spec, butt (orig. arch-
poecilonymic (rare). ery), bull's-eye, carton, white, crease,
many-seeded, a. polysperm (rare), poly- cock, Jack-arLent (Eng.), Aunt Sally
spermous (rare), polyspermatous (rare). (Eng.), parrot, rover, cockshy, quintain,
many-sided, polyhedral (tech.; geom.),
o. jack tee.
polyhedric polyhedrous (rare),
(rare), 8. Spec, character, Une, spot, stain,
multilateral (less usual than "polyhedral" scratch, scar, brand, impression, impress,
in geom., but often fig.), polygonal (geom.). imprint, blur, label, prmt, dent, badge,
Antonyms: see one-sided. device, note, hyphen, check, crisscross,
many-stringed, a. polychord (rare). diacritic, chalk, charcoal, earmark, tally,
many-Toiced, a. polyphonic (tech.). score, tick, signature (rare), cross, cachet
map, n. delineation (contextual); spec. (French), cognizance (heraldry or formai),
chart, plat (now chiefly U. S.), plan, dia- demerit, difference (now rare, exc. her. or
gram, mappemonde (hist.), planisphere. logic), chop, mintage.
"Map" is especially used of geographical 4. In punctuation: character, stop; spec.
delineations. comma, semicolon, colon, period, ques-
map, V. t. delineate (contextual), chart, tion mark, dash, parenthesis, brackets,
plot; 'spec, diagram. quotation marks.
mapper, n. delineator (contextual), map- 6. See SIGN, badge, distinction.
pist (rare), chartographer or cartographer mark, v. t. 1. Spec, inscribe, line, dirty,
(tech.). stain, brand, countermark, countersign,
marauder, n. plunderer, desperado (con- scribe (largely tech.), postmark, star, be-
textual), reaver or reiver (the Scottish spell- star, letter, ink, enseam (rare), buoy,
ing "reiver," introduced into literature by cross, becross (an intensive), tick, tattoo,
Scott, is the more usual spelling); spec. rubricate, label, inscribe, enstamp (rare),
irate, boothaler (archaic), freebooter, blaze, earmark, bespot (an intensive),
E
rigand, refugee (hist.), cateran (Scot.). scrawl, bescrawl (an intensive), rule, score,
marble, n. 1. limestone; spec, ranee, cipo- stigmatize, sign, imprint, print, impress.
lin, giallo antico (Italian), verdantique, 2. See distinguish, denote, emphasize,
ophicalcite, brocatello (Italian). consider.
3. Spec, sculpture, statue, frieze, etc. market, n. 1. marketplace, marketstead
S. Spec, bonce (Eng.), taw, alley. (archaic); spec, emporium (often rhetor-
marble, a. marmorean or marmoreal (po- ical or affected),entrep6t (French), mart
etic and rhetorical), marmoraceous (rare). (literary; often about equiv. to "empor-
march, v. i. & t. 1. go (contextu/d) walk , ium"), vent (archaic or tech.), factory, ex-
(contextual); spec, troop, process (coUoq.), change, rialto (rare), cheap (archaic or
parade, file, defile, countermarch. obs.), bazaar, bezesteen (Oriental), forum
2. See ADVANCE. (Roman antiquities), cross (obs. or local
march, n. 1. walk (contextual); spec, file, Eng.), curb, fair, staple, gunge or gunj.
defile, 6tape (French), countermarch. 2. See DEMAND.
S. step (contextual); spec, quick, double- market, a. nundinal (rare).
quick. market, v. t. mart (rare); spec, offer, sell.
mare, n. gilUe (rare or cant), lass (playful market day. nundlne (Roman hist.).
or affectionate). marking, n. Spec: dehneation, gorgelet
marginal, a. Spec, border, coastal, ht- (rare), feathering, gorget, interstriation
toral, shore, limbic (anat.). (rare), inscription (anat.), mirror.
marine, a. sea (the noun used attribiUively) marksman, n. Spec, toucher (archery),
thalassian (rare), thalassic (rare); spec. sharpshooter, franc- tireur (French).
oceanic, maritime, nautical. marriage, n. 1. Referring to the state or re-
Antonyms: see terbestbial. lation: matrimony (chiefly formal or af-

XS" Cross references: see Note. margin, n.; edge, room, secu- marionette: puppet.
mar: deface, impair. rity. marked: distinguished, con-
maraud, v. i.: plunder, margin, o. t.: edge, anrtotale, afr- spicuous, intense.
march, n.: border. cure, marketable: salable.
march, v. border.
t..' mariner: sailor. maroon: abandon.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

275
 MARRIAGE
feded), wedlock (a word of finer connota- loq.); morassy, miry, plashy, fenny
spec,
tion than "matrimony" or "marriage"), (chiefly fennish (chiefly Eng.),
Eng.),
oonjugality, spousehood (rare), connu- swampy, boggy, marish (archaic), moory
biafism {rare), spousage (archaic), hymen (Eng.; chiefly local or dial.).
(rare). martial, a. Spec, military, warlike.
S. Referring to the ceremony: union, mat- mask, n. 1. See disguise, masker, cloak,
rimony (formal or solemn), nuptials (pi.), BALL.
spousal (chiefly in pi.), wedding (the An- 2. Referring to the cover or disguise for the
glo-Saxon term), match, bridal (orig. face: spec, visor, loup (French), umberer
spec), espousal (chiefly in pi.; the fuller (rare).
form for "spousal"), hymen (rare), hy- masker,n. mask (fig.); spec, masquerader,
meneals (pi.; learned); spec, remarriage, mummer, domino, guisard (chiefly Scot.),
intermarriage, coemption (Roman law), guiser (Scot, and Eng. dial.).
opsigamy mesq,lliance or misalli-
(rare), mason, n. cowan (Scot.; derogatory); spec.
ance, confarreation (Roman law), big- stonemason, bricklayer.
amy, deuterogamy, hierogamy (nonce masonry, n. Spec, stonework, ashlar,
word), hetserism or hetairism, lobola, en- brickwork, rubblework, studwork, rub-
dogamy, exogamy, polyandry, polygamy, ble.
polygyny, morganatic marriage. mass, n. Spec, body, aggregate, quan-
Antonyms: see divorce. tity, number, bulk, size, lump, cake, clot,
marriage, a. hymeneal, hymenean (rare). flake, majority, people, assemblage, crowd,
marriageable, a. marriable; spec, nubile cloud, block.
(rare), viripotent (rare). Mass, n. Eucharist; spec, canon, requiem.
marriage soAg. hymeneal (learned or massacre, n. kilhng (contextual), scupper
formal), epithalamium. (mil. slang); spec, magophony (rare),
married, a. mated (esp. with "ill-" or pogrom, popuhcide (rare).
"well-", referring to the compatibility of the massacre, v. t. butcher (contextual),
parties), settled, conjugate (rare); spec. slaughter (contextual); see murder.
farreate (rare; Latin antiq.). massage, n. shampoo (rare); spec, per-
Antonyms: see xrNMARRiED. cussion, stroking, rubbing, kneading, etc.
marrow, n. 1. medulla (anat.); spec. pith. masseur, n. Spec, rubber.
2. See ESSENCE. massive, a. 1. big, massy (less formal and
marry v. t. 1. wed in ceremonial
(rare, exc. more literary than "massive"), substantial,
or elevated use), espouse (chiefly used of the bulky, beamy (rare or archaic), Cyclopean
man); spec, wife (rare), husband (rare). (jig.), heavy, solid, ponderous (more env-
Antonyms: see divorce. photic or intensive than "heavy").
2. With two persons as the subject: unite Antonyms: see unsubstantial, granu-
(contextual; often in "unite in holy wed- lar.
lock"), join (contextual), wed (formal), 2. See LOUD.
pair (rare; being chiefly used of animals), mast, n. stick (humorous), pole; spec.
couple (rare; being, like "pair," chiefly pine, mainmast, foremast, mizzen, miz-
used of animals), espouse, tie (colloq.), zenmast, jurymast, jigger.
match, splice (slang); spec, intermarry, master, n. 1. Spec, controller, owner, lord;
remarry. see CONTROLLER, CONQUEROR, EMPLOYER,
marry, v. i. unite (contextual), join (con- expert, workman, captain.
textual), match (colloq.), wed (formal), Antonyms: see slave.
pair (rare), couple (rare), intermarry; 2. As a courtesy title: dan (archaic), don,
spec, wife (rare), husband (rare), remarry. sir (used only in address), sirrah.
marsh, Spec, quagmire, quag, morass
n. master, a. 1. Spec, chief, controlling,
(now literary), slough, mire, bog, fen commanding.
(chiefly Eng.), marish (archaic), swamp, Antonyms: see subordinate.
maremma (Italian), marshland, moss 2. Pertaining to a master: herile (rare).
(chiefly Scot.), pocosin or poquosin (south- masterpiece, n. masterwork (less used
ern U. S.), flow (Scot.), carr (local Eng.), than "masterpiece," and having less con-
corcass (Ireland), mash
(local U. S.). crete suggestions), chef-d'oeuvre (French).
marshy, a. paludal
(learned), paludine masterstroke, n. coup (French), coup
(rare), palustrine (learned), squashy (col- d'etat (French).
K^= Cross references: see Note. mask, V. t.: hide, disguise. masterful: authoritative, dom-
marshal, v. t.: arrange, eecort. masque: ball, drama. ineering.
martyr: sufferer. masquerade: ball, disguise. masterly: able.
marvel: wonder. mass, V. t.: unite, gather. mastership: control, skiU.
zuasoullne: male, manly. master, v. t.: control, defeat, mastery: control, skill.
mash, v. t.: crush. overpower, learn. masticate: chew.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

276
 MEAN
mastlS, n. bandog (.archaic). conjugial (used by Swedenborgians), genial
mat, n. fabric (contextual); spec, paunch (rare); spec, intemuptial.
(navi.), rug, felt, glib (hist.), bass. matrix, n.l. <SeewoMB.
match, n. 1. fuze; spec. lunt. 2. form (contextual); spec, mold, bed,
2. Spec., referring to the matches in or- cast, co£Bn, ceroplast.
dinary use: fxisee or fuzee, Congreve, matron, n. 1. dowager (humorous); spec
loco-foco (U. S.), lucifer, vesuvian. widow, mother.
wife,
match, n, 1. equal, antagonist, Roland 2. See housekeeper.
matter, n. 1. Spec, stuff, body, substance.
3. contest; spec, bonspiel (Scot.), main, 2. «See MATERIAL, PUS, QUANTITY, COPY,
twosome (rare), threesome (golf), four-' importance, subject, AFFAIR, CIRCUM-
some (golf), shoot, roll, etc. STANCE, MAIL.
S. See COUNTERPART, MARRIAGE, EQTTAIi- 8. Referring to what is stated in a book,
ITT, AGREEMENT. speech, etc.: substance, gear (archaic),
match, V. t. i. See marry, equal, com- stuff (often somewhat contemptuous), body.
pare, OPPOSE, FIGHT, ADAPT. matter, v. i. weigh, bulk, import, count,
8. Spec, pair, mate, duplicate. skill (archaic).
matchmaker, n. Spec, marriage broker, matter-of-fact, a. Uteral, sober, prosy,
shatchen. prosaic or (less usual) prose ; spec, practical,
mate, associate (contextual), fere (ar-
n. unsentimental, unimaginative, simple.
chaic); spec, fellow, match, schoolfellow, Antonyms: see fanciful, visionary,
schoolmate, consort, husband (rare), wife EXTRAVAGANT.
(rare). maunder, v. i. 1. iSee wander.
mate, v. t. & i. pair, match; see marry. 2. flapdoodle (colloq.; contemptuous),
material, Spec, corporeal, carnal
a. 1. maudle (rare).
(archaic, exc. spec), corporal (literary; maximize, v. t. maximate, increase, im-
rare), bodily, physical, objective, earthy, prove, magnify.
earthly, hylic (rare), tangible, sensible. Antonyms: see minimize; c/. belittle,
Antonyms: see immaterial, mental. diminish, disparage.
i. See IMPORTANT, relative, consider- maximum, n. limit, greatest, highest.
able, SENSUOUS. maybe, adv. possibly.
material, n. 1. substance, stuff (often meadow, a. pratal (rare), meadowy.
xomewhat contemptuous), matter; spec. meager, a. 1. See thin.
metal, mettle, body, timber, stock, com- 2. Referring to what is scarcely sufficient:
ponent, fabric, feed, staple. poor; spec, scanty, slender, dight, slim,
S. data; spec, notes, facts, informal thin, spare, sparing, lean, deficient, bare.
tion. Antonyms: see abundant.
materiality, n. Spec, corporeality, bodili- meal, n. flour (contextual); spec, groats
ness, corporeity. (pi.), hominy grits (pi.), pinole (U. S).
materialize, v. t. materiate (rare); spec. meal, n. 1. Referring to food eaten at one
externalize, externate or externize (rare), time: repast (rather formal or learned);
exteriorize, embody, precipitate. spec, refection (learned or formal), spread
Antonyms: see spiritualize. (colloq.), collation (chiefly formal or rhe-
maternal, a. parental (contextual); spec. torical), snatch (coUoq.), snack (colloq. or
motherlike, motherly. dial.), snap (rare), ordinary (Eng.), table-
maternity, n. maternality (rare); spec. d'h6te (French), coffee, breakfast, dinner,
motherliness, motherhood. tea, supper, lunch, luncheon, tifBn (Anglo-
Antonyms: cf. barren; see virginity. Indian), feast, mess (U. S. orEng.dial.),
mathematician, n. Spec, arithmetician, morsel.
geometrician, trigonometrician, geodesist, 2. Referring to the act: feed (colloq. and inn
actuary. formal or vulgar); spec, feast, gorge, re-
matrimonial, a. conjugal, connubial (less fection, repast, collation, regale (rare),
common than "matrimonial"), nuptial perpendicular (slang), breakfast, dumer,
(primarily spec), marital (primarily supper, tea, lunch, luncheon.
spec), sponsal (rare or learned), spousal, mean, v. 1. 1. See intend, signify.
t^' Cross references: see Note. deliberate. maximum, a.; gret^est.
match, v.t.; marry, agree. mature, v.: develop, ripen, com- maybe: possibly.
xaatobless: unequaled, plete, accrue. maze, n..* labyrinth, tangle.
matriculate: admit. Hat. matutinal: early. maze, o. f.: confuse.
matronly: wifely, grave. maw: stomach, appetite, throat. mead: grassland,
matt: duU. mawkish: emottonal. meadow: grassland.
maturate: suppurate. maxim: rule, saying. mealy: powdery,
mature, a.; ripe, grown, due. maximal: greatest. mean, n.: average.

IS' See Notes of Explanation.

19 277
 .

MEAN
2. signify, intend, purport, import, bear 2. See LIMIT, assign, traverse, beach,
{archaic equiv. of "purport"); spec, denote, COMPARE.
connote, argue, imply, symbolize, infer, measurement, n. 1. measure {rare), men-
indicate. suration {more tech.); spec, mete {rare),
mean, a. 1. See undignified, inpekiok, metage, horometry, autometry, quantifi-
SHABBY, LOWLY, BASE, CONTEMPTIBLE, cation {rare), photometry, sesthesiometry,
WORTHLESS, ORDINARY, WRETCHED. calorimetry, micrometry, etc.
2. As denoting a certain injustice or un- 2. See SIZE, EXTENT, QUANTITY.
fairness: spec, little-minded or {more measurer, n. mensurator {rare); spec.
freely of things as well as persons) little, eriometer, gauger, micrometer, meter,
small, petty, shabby, scurvy, sorry, sordid, burette, pipette, alcoholometer, gasom-
wretched, beggarly, rascally, currish, eter, galactometer, aesthesiometer, etc.
dirty {often a cheap or vulgar term of re- measuring, a. mensurative (rare).
proach), unhandsome, caitiff (literary), meat, n. 1. food {contextual); spec, lean,
sneaking, spying, scoundrelly, malevo- jimk, bouilH {French), biltong, cabob,
lent, tattling, etc. mincemeat, forcemeat, jerky, jerk, char-
Antonyms: see generous, grand, noble. qui, pemmican, cecils (pi.).
meaning, n. 1. See intention. 2. See flesh.
2. signification, significance or signifi- meatmarket, n. shambles {now rare or
cancy, import, power (rare), purport; literary).
spec, substance, amount, upshot, spirit, mechanic, n. workman {contextual); spec.
interpretation, intent or intention, in- machinist, mechanician, mechanist.
tendment, drift, content, sense, value, mechanical, a. machinelike; spec, au-
denotation, connotation, consignificance, tomatic, unthinking, perfunctory.
by-sense, force, heart, effect, significate, Antonyms: see mental.
comprehension, implication, burden. mechanics, n. Spec, statics, dynanucs.
meaningless, a. empty, unmeaning, sense- mechanism, n. machinery, apparatus,
less, insignificant; spec, unimportant. works; spec, movement, escapement, mo-
Antonyms: see expressive, signifi- tion, gearing, clockwork.
cant. medal, n. medallion (large); spec, medalet,
means, n. 1. agency, mean {archaic), in- jetton, badge, contorniate.
strument {chiefly spec); spec, agent, meddlesome, a. officious, meddling, prag-
machinery, wherewithal (colloq.), where- matic, busy, polypragmatic (rare); spec.
with {colloq.), foison {chiefly Scot.), me- inquisitive.
dium, receipt {fig.), engine {chiefly literary mediatory, a. intermediary, mediatorial
or rhetorical) organ {archaic).
, (rare), mediative; spec, intercessory, in-
2. As a pi.: resources, faculty {ohs. orr tercessive (rare).
hist.); spec, income, wealth. medical, a. iatric (rare), iatrical {rare),
meanwhile, adv. meantime. physical (rare), Galenic (jocular).
measurable, a. mensurable {more tech.); medication, n. dosage, medicamentation
spec, fathomable, gaugeable. (rare)
Antonyms: see infinite. medicinal, a. curative (contextual), medi-
measure, n. 1. See measurement. camentary (rare), medicinable (archaic),
2. standard {contextual); spec, gauge, medicatory (rare); spec, druggy.
mile, rod, fathom, yard, foot, inch, hand, medicine, n. 1. leechcraft (archaic),
ell, cubit, line, acre, bushel, peck, degree, leechdom (archaic), therapy (chiefly in
quart, pint, gill, hour, minute, cube, lea, combination); spec, loimology, pharma^
pound, ounce, pennyweight, grain, etc. ceutics, pharmacology, pharmacy.
3. See DIMENSION, standard, extent, 2. drug (properly spec), physic (archaic
degree, QUANTITY, ACTION, DANCE. or spec), medicament, dope (chiefly
measure, v. t. 1. mensurate {more tech. and spec; slang); spec, simple (archaic),
comparatively rare); span, gauge,
spec, elixir, lincture or linctus, electuary,
mete {now poetic, exc. in allusion to Matt, nostrum, druggery (a collective), abstract,
vii; 2), quantity {rare or tech.), calibrate, extract, demulcent, triturate, drops,
line, girt or girth, tape, divide, caliper, tisane.
dial, pace, step, inch, space. medicine man. Spec, powwow (North

1.WCross references: see Note. measureless: infinite, fathom- mediate: indirect,

meander, n.; winding, course.
meander, v. i.: wind, wander.
meaning, a.; expressive.
meantime, adv.: meanwhile.
meantime, n.; interval.
measured: uniform, deliberate.
less. mediate, v. i,: interpose.
meaty: pithy. mediate, v, t.: arrange.
raeddle: interpose. medicable: curable.
meddling: meddlesome. medicate: drug,
medial: intermediate, average. mediocre: ordinury.
median: intermediate. meditate: consider.

tW See Notes ot Explanation.

278
 . ' ,

MENTAL
American Indian), piache (French; Afri- Antonyms: see scattering, separa-
can), peai. tive.
meditative, a. considerative, contempla- 2. coincident, concurrent, simultaneous.
tive, ruminative. melodious, a. euphonious (learned or lit-
medium, n. 1. mean (usiially spec.), aver- erary), harmonious, sweet-sounding, mel-
age, mediocrity (rare). lisonant (archaic), mellifluent or melUf-
8. See INTBRMEDIABT, AGENT, AGENCY. luous, musical, sweet, mellow, sirenic
8. In hypnosis, etc.: subject; spec, psy- (fig.; rare), Orphic (Jig.); spec, songful,
chic, hypnotic, oracle. rich, silvery, tunable.
medley, n. mixture; spec, jumble, mess, Antonyms: see discordant, harsh.
hash, hodgepodge, hotchpot (rare), farrago melody, Spec, air, diapason, descant,
n.
'
(aboul equivalent to hodgepodge ; literary) ' lay, plainsong, counterpoint, carillon,
gallimaufrey (about equivalent to "hodge- chant, chime, sweetness, run, ranz-des-
podge"; rare), muddle, mishmash (rare), vaches (French).
melange (French), porridge, olio, olla po- Antonyms: see discord.
drida (an olio; Spanish), potpourri, maca- member, n. 1. part (corUextual), organ;
roni (rare), mob (rare), pasticcio (Italian), spec, limb, branch, joint, colon.
pastiche (French), omnium-gatherum (coU 2. socius (Latin and tech.; chiefly spec);
toq.), pell-mell (rare), cento, charivari. spec, fellow, conventioner, conventionist,
meet, v t. Spec, encounter, rencounter
. incorporator, founder.
(equiv. of "encounter," now rare), front, membrane, n. film; spec, skin, pia mater,
face, cross, cope (archaic), match, see, decidua, caul, chorion, arachnoid, dura
join, intersect, oppose, fight, experience, mater, meninges (pi.), hyaloid, mesogas-
defray, satisfy, overcome. ter, epithelium, endocardium, endocarp,
Antonyms: see avoid. endoderm, meninx, web, tympan, con-
meet, v. i. 1. See join, collide, agree. junctiva, drumhead, etc.
2. assemble, gather, collect, forgather membrous, a. membraniform (tech. or
(chiefly Scot.; chiefly spec); spec, con- learned), membranoid (tech.); spec, epi-
vene, rally, rendezvous, congress (rare), thelial, cuticular, webby, weblike, skinny,
congregate, caucus, muster, parade, membranaceous, membraneous.
troop, nill, gam, reassemble, reconvene. memorable, a. rememberable (rare); spec.
Antonyms: see separate, scatter. noteworthy.
3. In reference to time: coincide, concur, memorandum, n. note, notandum (rare);
strike. spec, minute (chiefly in pi.), jurat, ab-
meeting, n. U
Spec, encounter, rencoun- stract, tezkere, agenda (pi.).
ter (rare), facing, fronting, joining, junc- memorandum book, tickler (colloq. or
tion, intersection, opposition, fight. cant; chiefly spec).
3. See SATISFACTION, collision, agree- memorial, n. remembrance (rare); spec.
ment, APPOINTMENT. memorandum, cahier (French), monu-
3. assembly, gathering, collection; spec. ment, factum (a Gallicism), hoarstone
congress, convention, congregation (rare (chiefly hist.), ebenezir, trophy.
or eccl., except of the act alone), conclave, memory, n. 1. intelligence (contextual),
cabal, conference, meet (sjiorts), rendez- faculty (contextual), retention, recollec-
vous, conventicle, congression, conversa- tion.
zione (Italian), turnout (colloq.), sabbath, 2. In reference to the act or to the time to
stance, rally, eisteddfod, caucus, duel, which the memory runs: remembrance;
muster, parade. spec. idea.
Antonyms: cf. separate, scatter. menagerie, n. Spec, zoo (colloq. or hvr
4. coincidence, concurrence. morous),
meeting, a. 1. Spec, concutient (implying mental, a. subjective; spec intellectual,
a concussion) intellective, emotional, psychic or psy-
J^*Cross references: see Note, meld: disclose. men: mankind.
medium, a.: intermediate, fair, m6I£e: fight. menace, n..- threat.
ordinary. meliorate: improve. menace, v. t.: threaten.
medlumisliiip: agency, melloristic: hopeful. mend, v. t.: improve, cure, e:
meek: aubmissive, humble. mellow: rips, melodious, soft, piate, repair.
meet, a.: becoming, approprv. intoxicated. mend, n. ; rspatr.
ate. mellow: ripen, soften, intoxi- mendacious: lying.
meetinghouse: church. cate. mendacity: he, lying.
melancholia: depression. n&elt: liquefy, diminish, vanish, mendicant, a, ; begging.
melancholic: depressed. soften. mendicant, n. ; beggar, friar,
melanoholy: humor, depres- memento: reminder. menial, a.: base.
sion. memorialize: address, cele- menial, n.: servant, wretch.
melancholy: depressed, de- brate. menstruum: solvent.
pressing, sad. memorize: learn. mensurate: measure.

tS^ See Notes of Explanation.

279
 .

MENTAL HEALING
chical, immaterial, inner, inward, interior mermaid, n. seamaid {poetic), seamaiden
or internal, cognitive {tech.), epistemonic {poetic), merrow {Anglo-Irish); spec.
{tech.), intentional {Scholastic philosophy), merwoman {rare).
piurposive, reasoning, etc. merman, n. seaman {rare or poetic); spec.
Antonyms: see material, MBCHANicAii. marmenniU.
mental healing, psychotherapy, psychop- merry-go-round, n. carrousel, roimd-
I
athy {rare); spec, hypnotherapy. about {Eng.), whirligig, turnabout.
mentally, adv. Spec, intellectually, psy- merrymaking, n. gayety, merrymake {ar-
chically, emotionally, internally, interi- chaic), merriment; spec, riot, conviviaUty,
orly, inly, inward, inwardly. festivity, revel, Comus (o personification),
mention, v. t. enumerate, numerate {rare), guadeamus, jollification {colloq.), jubilee,
relate, recount, specify; spec, name, des- {colloq.), frolic, Maying.
high jinks
ignate, individualize {rare), particularize, Antonyms: see lamentation.
rehearse, retail, recite, note, overname message, n. communication {contexttial);
(rare), nominate, tell, quote, remember, spec, dispatch, express, evangel {rare, exc.
recommend, cite, itemize, notice, margin, of the Oospel), embassage or embassade
narrate. {archaic or obs.), letter, telegram, tele-
Antonyms: see disbegabd, ignore, pheme, telelogue, telephone, cablegram,
OMIT. cable, heliogram, radiogram.
mention, n. enumeration, numeration message-conveying, a. nunciative. Mer-
(rare), relation, recounting, recountment curial C^.), messenger, ambassadorial
(rare), specification; s'pec. rehearsal, re- {chiefly spec); spec, mternuncial, inter-
citalj naming, designation, noting, note, nunciary.
particularization^ retailing, recitation, messenger, n. Spec, emissary, envoy,
nomination, teUing, quoting, quotation, nunciate {rare), nuncio (rare), nuntius
citation, taje, remembrance, dinumera- {rare), Mercury {fi^.), bode {archaic), in-
tion (rare), itemization, notice, narration. ternuncio express, herald, post
{rare),
mercenary, a. venal, sordid; spec, hireling {chiefly hist), poster, courier, intelligencer,
{implying contempt), salable, purchasable, chuprassy {Anglo-Indian), runner, peon
hired. {India) hircarra {India) , chiaus ( Turkish)
,

mercenary, n. hireUng; spec, pensioner or messmate, n. associate {coniextiml), com-

pensionary, myrmidon, Hessian {U. S.; a rade {contextital), buddy {colloq.), com-
political or military hireling), lansquenet, mensal (literary or rare).
bashi-bazouk. metal, n. element {contextiuil), ore {chiefly
merciful, a. kind, clement, lenient, gra- poetic; chiefly spec); spec, bullion, gate,
cious,humane, gentle, mUd. pig, sow, regulus.
Antonyms: see implacable, cruel, un- metallic, a. 1. ory {rare), metalline (o gen^
feeling, RELENTLESS. erai term, not indicating metal qiialities
mercury, n. quicksilver {the popular so closely as "metallic"); spec, brazen,
name;meaning silver that is alive, or silvery, gilt, golden, aureate, coppery,
"quick"), hydrargyrum {tech.). leaden, stannic, etc.
mercy, n. clemency, lenity or lenience, 2. See HARSH.
graciousness, grace, goodness; spec, for- metaphorical, a. figurative, allegorical
bearance, quarter {mil.). {ttsually more spec), parabolic {rare),
Antonyms: see cruelty, unkindnbss, transumptive {rare).
RETRIBUTION. metaphysics, n. Spec, ontology, epistem-
mere, a. bare, bald, simple, naked, plain, ology.
sole, single; spec. dry. meteor, n. 1. phenomenon {contextual);
merely, adv. barely, only, alone, simply, spec, wind, cloud, rain, hail, snow, etc.
etc. 2. Spec, {referring to the concrete object)
meridian, n. 1. acme {rare), mid-sky {po- fire ball, bolide, falling star, shooting star,
etic), mid-heaven {astron. and astrol.). meteorite, exhalation {archaic), Androme-
2. See HEIGHT, CIRCLE. did, Lyraid, Leonid, Perseid, etc.

1^" Cross references: \see Note.

 MINION
meteoric, a. Spec, atmospheric, transi- migrating, a. migrant, migratory, trans-
tory, flashing. migrant (rare); spec, emigrant, immi-
meteorite, n. meteor, meteoroUte, cloud grant.
stone. migration, n. transmigration (rare), trek
meteorological, a. Spec, atmospherical. (South African or coUo^.); spec, rush, run,
method, n. manner; spec, procediure, passage, emigration, immigration, mter-
process, plan, order, system, scheme, rule. migration.
Antonyms: see confusion. mild, a. 1. See genti^b, mercifuIi, moder-
methodical, a. Spec, orderly, systematic, ate.
regular, businesslike. 2. In reference to weather, balmy dimaie,
Antonyms: see confused. etc.: temperate; spec, balmy, smooth
methodize, v. t. order, systemize; spec. (rare), green (as in "a green vnnter"),
regularize. clement, soft (chiefly Scot, and dial.),
mew, cry (contextual), miaow, miaul,
V. i. summery.
mewl, caterwaul. Antonyms: see severe, rough.
microbe, n. microorganism, germ; spec. milden, v. t. 1. ameliorate.
bacterium, microphyte, microzyme. 2. See SUBDUE, relax.
middle, a. central, centric or centrical military, n. soldiery, sword C^.); spec.
(rare; literary or tech.), mid (now tech. or militia, marines, infantry^ troops, etc.
literary), midway
(rare and chiefly poetic), milk, n. Spec, buttermilk, skim, colos-
middlemost (superl.), middest (superl.; trum, beestings, foremilk, strippings.
rare), midmost (superl.), mesial (tech.), milk, V. t. Spec, extract, exploit, nurse.
mesian (tech.); spec, equatorial. milky, a. lacteal (tech.), lacteous (rare),
Antonyms: boraer (qf. border, n.), dr- lactary (chiefly spec), gala,ctic (rare); spec.
cumf&rential (qf. circumference). lactescent.
middle, n. center, mid (rare and literary), mill, n. Spec crusher, stamper, brake,
midmost (the exact or nearest approachwyle malaxator (rare), quern, windmill.
middle), middlemost (rare); spec, midst, mlllenarian, n. millenary, chiliast (rare).
thick, midships, saint (her.), bull's-eye, millennium, n. millenary, chiliad (rare).
cazimi (astrol.). milliner, n. modiste (French).
Antonyms: see border, verge, circdm- millstone, n. Spec, buhistone, quern-
FBRENCB, RIM. stone, runner.
middle class, bourgeois (esp. the shop- mince, n. mincemeat; spec, forcemeat or
keeping middle dass). (rare) force, hash.
middleman, n. Spec, intermediary, brok- mind,n. 1. See remembrance, conscious-
er, go-between, regrater, butty (dial.), ness, SOUL, intention, will, spirit,
bummaree (Eng.), salesman, saleswoman. courage, thinker.
midshipman, n. middy (coUoq.), reefer 2. Referring to the mental faculty: mental-
(slang); spec, guinea pig (Eng. naut. ity; spec head, heart, intellect, nous
slang), oldster, youngster. (tech.), brains (pi.; coUoq.).
midwife, n. obstetrician, accoucheuse Antonyms: see body.
(French), Lucina (fig.), obstetrix (rare). mine, n.meum (learned).
midwife, v. t. attend (often euphemistic or mine, n. 1.Referring to place where min-
affected),accouche (rare), deUver (often erals, precious stones^ etc., are got:
ores,
with "of). spec, pit, shaft, placer, colhery.
midwifery, n. obstetrics. 2. See STORE.
migrate, !).i.transmigrate(rare),trek(SoM(ft 3. In mil. use: spec, countermine, fou-
African or colloq.), wander (fig. or spec), gasse (French), caisson, case.
nomadize (rare); spec, run (of fish), emi- mineral, n. Spec, ore, rock.
grate, immigrate. Antonyms: see vegetable, animal.
fW Cross references: see Note. mien: carriage, mince, v. i.: go, talk.
metlonloua: careful, scrupulous. might: energy, power, force. mincing: affected.
metropolis: city, center. mighty: energetic, powerful, mind, V. t.: attend, notice, obey,
metropolitan: capital. forceful, able, big, great. consider.
mettle: enerov. courage. mildew: stain, blight. minded: disposed.
mettlesome: energetic, cou- militant: fighting, combative. mindful: attentive, careful.
rageous. mill, V. t.: grind, groove, beat. mindless: unintelligent.careless.
mew, V. t.: molt, confine. mill, V. i.: grind, go. mine, v.t.: dig, undermine, ruin.
miaow: mew. mime, v. : act. mine, v. i.: burrow.
miasma: exhalation, hazt* mime, n.: actor, buffoon. mingle: mix, associate.
midday: noon. mimic, a.: imitative, imitated. miniature: small.
middling: ordinarv. mimic, n.; imitator, buffoon. minikin: delicate, affected, small.
midget: dwarf. mimic, V. t.: imitate. minimize: diminish, belitUe.
midst: middle. ^ minaret: tower. minimum: least.
midway, n.; mtdtUa. mince, v. (,; chop, mangle. minion: creature.

^f See Notes of Explanation.

281
 MINISTER
minister, n. 1. agent; S'pec. councilor, Antonyms: see immense, large, great.
diplomatic agent, dewan {Anglo-Indian), minute, a. Spec, circumstantial, trifling,
pander. particular, elaborate.
3. clergyman {the general technical term), Antonyms: see general.
parson {colloq., familiar, or depreciatory, mire, v. t. 1. bemire, lair (Scot.); spec.
exc. as used spec, by the English), pastor; embag.
spec, ecclesiastic, preacher, priest, rector, 3. See DIRTY.
curate (archaic, exc. as the name of a mirror, n. Spec, glass, looking-glass, specu-
clergyman), vicar, clerk {now chiefly legal lum, pier-glass.
or hist.), cleric, father (a title, esp. of com- mis-. This prefix implies positive error,
mon reverential address among Roman perversion, or mistake; mal- and caco-
Catholics), patrico {cant), churchman, (which latter is relatively rare) imply faulti-
gownsman (rare), divine, angel, reverend ness or imperfection which may be of any
{rare; a term of respectful or deferential degree, slight or great.
address or reference), domine or dominie misanthrope, n. misanthropist; spec.
{obs. in U. S., except in Dutch Reformed cynic, Timonist (fig.; rare).
Church), chaplain, hturgist {rare), cassock Antonyms: see philanthropist.
{colloq.), cur6 (French), prophet, padre misanthropy, n. misanthropism; spec.
(Italian), presbyter, predilcant, deacon, cynicism, cynism (rare).
helper, regular, canon or canonic, druid. misbecome, v. t. mis-suit.
minister, v. i. attend; spec, pander. Antonyms: see become.
ministerial, a. 1. See attendant. misbehave, v. t. misconduct.
2. Spec, clerical, clerkly, priestly, par- misbehavior, n. behavior (contextual),
sonic or parsonical or parsonish (often misconduct, disorder (rare), misdemeanor
colloq. or depreciatory), pastoral. (chiefly spec); spec, malfeasance, malver-
Antonyms: seelay. sation.
ministry, n. 1. See agency, cotjncil Antonyms: see decorum.
2. Inrelation to the duties, office, or char- misbelief, n. belief (contextual), error;
acter of a clergyman: spec, administration, spec, unbelief, delusion.
cure, itinerancy, rectorship, vicarage, cu- miscalculate, v. t. Spec, miscount, mis-
racy, priesthood. compute, misreokon.
S. Meaning clergymen collectively: clergy; miscarry, v. i. 1. See pail.
spec, priesthood, parsondom (colloq. or de- 3. abort (o technical term); referring only
preciatory) j pnlpit (fig.), frock (fig?), cloth to animals), sUp (colloq.), slink, warp,
{fig.; with the ), council. pick (dial. Eng.).
Antonyms: see laity. miscellaneous, a. mixed, farraginaceous
minor, a. Spec, less, by or bye, lesser. (literary), indiscriminate; spec, hotch-
minor, n. infant (technical in this sense); potch, general.
spec, ward, pupil. Antonyms: see particular.
minority, n. 1. childhood (contextual), in- miscellany, n. mixture; spec, medley,
fancy (technical in this sense), minorage miscellanea (pi.), coUectanea (pi.).
(rare), nonage (relatively unusual); spec. mischief, n. 1. See harm, injury, detri-
pupilage, wardship. ment.
2. less (with "the''), few (with "the"); —no 3. Referring to the action of mischief mak-
good synonym. ing: spec, destruction, ruination, roguery
Antonyms: see bttlk, majohity. (playful), devilry or devilment.
minstrel, n. entertainer (contextual); spec. mischief-maker, n. mischief (rare), fire-
bard (Celtic), gleeman (archaic), jongleur brand (fig.), hempy (jocular), rogue (play-
(French). ful); spec, breedbate (archaic).
minus, a. Spec, less, wanting. Antonyms: see peacemaker.
minute, a. small, tiny (a term of popular mischievous, a. 1. See harmful, in-
use; oftendeprecatory. excusatory, orthelike); jurious.
spec, atomic, wee (colloq.), microscopic or 3. playful (contextual), roguish, wicked
microscopical, nice, minildn, smallest. (colloq.); spec, arch, impish, puckish, elf-

{^ Cross references: see Note. mirth: gayety. misconceive: misunderstand.

minister, v. i.: attend, contrib- mirthful: gay. misconduct: misbehave.
ute, serve. mirthless; sad. misconstrue: pervert.
mint, V. t.: coin. miry: marshy, dirty. miscreant: unbeliever, rascal,
minus: less, wanting. misapply: apply, pervert. wretch.
minute, n.: moment, memoran- misappropriate: appropriaie, misdeem: misjudge.
dum. embezzle, steal. misdemeanor: transgression.
minutia: detail, misbegotten: illegitimate. mlsdescrlbe: describe.
minx: hussy. mlsbode: forebode. misdirect: guide, mismanage,
mire, n,: marsh, mud, dirt. miscall: abuse, misname. pervert.

t^° See Notes of Explanation.

282
 —
MIX
ish or elvish, tricksy, prankish, urchin Antonyms: see get, perceive.
{rare), waggish. miss, Spec, fail, deviate, misaim, mis-
V. i.
misdo, V. t. do {contextiuil); spec, misper- fire, miscue, err (rare).
form, misexecute. miss, n. Spec, oversight.
mlsesteem, v. t. 1. See disrespect. missed, a. lost; spec, astray.
2. misjudge, misvalue, misrate, mismeas- missile, n. projectile; spec, dejectile (rare),
ure, misappreciate. arrow, bullet, ball, sheU, shot, slug, bomb
misfire, n. miss, fizzle; spec, sputter; or bombshell, squib, boomerang, bolas
vaed of a firearm. (Span. & Port.), dart.
misform, v. i. Spec, misshape, miscreate. misstate, v. t. Spec, misrelate, misreport,
misfortune, n. fortune (contextual); spec. misword, garble.
mischance, mishap, accident, adversity, misstep, v. i. & n. Spec, slip, stumble,
disaster, calamity, scourge, catastrophe, stub, trip.
affliction, misventure (archaic), reverse, mister, n. monsieur (French), signor (Ital-
casualty, misadventure, contretemps ian), senhor (Portuguese), senor (Span,-
(French), ill, down (colloq.; used esp. in ish), Herr (German).
"ups and downs"), illth (rare), blow, fetal- mistress, n. 1. See ladylove.
ity, sorrow, cross, infelicity, infliction, vis- 2. In a bad sense: paramour, wench (ar-
itation, tragedy, fate, destruction. chaic); spec, sultana, minion (rare),
Antonyms: see fortune. doxy (cant or slang), tr\ill (archaic; corir
misinterpret, v. t. Spec, misexplain, mis- temptuous), tart (slang), concubine, pros-
render, misunderstand. titute.
mis join, v. t. Spec. misaUy, mismarry,
. misunderstand, v. t. mistake; spec, mis-
mismate, misyoke. comprehend, misconstrue, misknow, mis-
misjudge, v. t. misdeem (archaic). apprehend, misconceive, misperceive.
mismanage, v. t. Spec, misdirect, mis- misusage, n. 1. Spec, misuser (law); see
guide, mishandle, misconduct, fumble, ABUSE, perversion.
blunder, botch. 2. Referring to words: barbarism; spec.
misname, miscall, misterm, mistitle,
t>. t. catachresis (rhet.).
mis-style, misnomer (rare), becall (rare); mitigate, v. t. 1. soothe, subdue, temper,
spec, befool, beknave, beslave, nickname. soften, allay, ease, aUeviate, ameliorate,
misplace, v. t. 1. mislay, mis-set. assuage, palliate (a wrong), quiet, quieten
2. See DISPLACE. (the fears; rore), relieve.
mispronounce, v. t. mis-speak (rare), mis- Antonyms: see aggravate.
sound; spec, mangle. 2. iSee RELAX.
mispronunciation, n. mis-speech (rare), mitigating, a. mitigatory, soothing, soft-
cacoepy (tech.), cacology (rare; tech.); ening, alleviating, ameliorating, pallia-
spec, manglement. tive (of wrong), assuasive, balmy.
misquote, v. t. misgive (rare), miscite, mis- mitigation, n. subdual, allayment, allevi-
repeat (rare); spec, misrecite. ation, amelioration, assuagement, pallia-
misrelate, v. t. Spec, misreport, mistell, tion (of wrong), relief.
misrecite. mix, V. t. & i. 1. Spec, blend, combine, inter-
misrepresent, v. t. belie (literally "to give mingle, intermix (intensive for "mia;"), in-
the lie to"), color, miscolor (o stronger, terfuse, mell (archaic), temper, interlard,
less euphemistic term than "color"), dis- (fig.), co-mingle or commingle (intensive
guise, falsify; spec, caricature, disparage. for "mingle"); contemper, braid (dial.),
miss, n. mademoiselle (French), signorina compose, confection, immingle (rare),
(Italian), senhorita (Portuguese), senorita imnux, commix (archaic or poetic; in-
(Spanish), Fraulein (German). tensive for "mix"), caudle, hotchpotch
miss, V. t. Spec, lose, muif, mistake, cut, (rare), confound, confuse, interlace, mter-
escape, sUp, omit, want, overlook, over- grade, distemper, amalgamate, alloy, in-
pass, pass. terplait, shufle, intertangle, pie, beat,

J^" Cross references: see Note. misguide; guide. mist, V. i.: rain.
misdoubt: doubt, fear. mishandle: ill-treat. mlstakable: uncertain, am-
misemploy; abuse. mlsliap; misfortune. biguous.
miser: niggard. misinform: deceive. mistake, v. i.: err.
miserable: distressing, lament- mislay; misplace. mistake, n.: error.
able, calamitous, wretched. mislead: deceive. mistaken: erroneous.
miserly: stingy. mislilie: dislike, dispUase. misterm; misname.
misery: distress, calamity. mismate: misjoin. mistime: antedate, postdate.
nkisformed: misshapen. misrule: govern. mistreat: ill-treat. [bode.
misgive, V. i.: fear. missing: absent. mistrust: distrust, guess, fore-
nkiagiTing: distrust, fear. mlsslsh: affected. mlsty: foggy, hazy, dim, cloudy.
misgoTem, v. t.: nUe. misalTe: letter. misuse: ill-treat.

^[3" See Notes ol Explanation.

283
 MIXED
gauge, cross, melange, poach, levigate, late, recent, up-to-date (colloq.), up-to-
puddle, blunge. the-minute (slang), neoteric (learned),
Antonyms: see sbpaeatb, classify. fin-de-silcle (French), twentieth-century,
2. See ASSOCIATE. new-fashioned, newfangled, fresh.
mixed, a. Spec, blended, combined, im- Antonyms: see ancient.
mixed, medley, tempered, confused, di- modernness, n. modernity, neoterism
versified, heterogeneous. (chiefly spec; learned or tech.).
mixture, n. Spec, mingling, mingle, min- Antonyms: see antiquity.
glement, minglemangle (chiefly contemptiu- modest, a. Spec, diffident, demure, de-
oits), blend, blendure (rare), compound, corous, decent, delicate, retiring, quiet,
combination, composition, compounding, bashful, humble, impresumptuous, un-
commixture (intensive for "mixture"), pretending, unobtrusive, unostentatious,
commixtion (rare or tech.), mix (colloq.), inobtrusive (rare), boastless, unassuming.
immixture (intensive for "mixture"), ad- Antonyms: see showy, lewd, indecent,
mixture, alloy, hodgepodge, hotchpotch, assuming, boastful, bold, licentious,
amalgam, intermixture (intensive for CONCEITED, OPINIONATE, GAUDY.
"mixture"), cross, hash, jumble, eucrasy modesty, n. Spec, diffidence, decorum,
(learned), concoction, melange (French), etc.
chowchow, confusion, shuffle, interfu- Antonyms: see boldness, boastful-
sion, interfluence (rare), medley, motley, NESS.
theocrasy, int-erflow (rare), batter, paste, modulate, adjust (contextual); spec.
v. t.

mush, intertanglement, levigation, inter- inflect, to modulate with the

tongue (music;
lacement, intertexture, interlacery. Cf. tongue), accentuate, pitch.
MIX. modulation, n. adjustment (contextual);
mob, n. rabble, canaille (French; a term
1. spec, accent, pitch, inflection, brogue, ca-
of contempt), clamjamphrie (iScoJ. and dence, tonguing.
dial. Eng.); spec, ruck, raff, riffraff, rag- Mohammed, Muhammed, n. Mahomet
tag, rag-tag and bobtail, dregs. (now obsolescent), Baphomet (o medieval
2. See CROWD, people. cabalistic corruption), Mahound (the usual
model, n. form; spec, pattern, design, name in the Middle Ages), Prophet (mth
example, dummy, manikin, last, cast, "the," "our," etc.).
phantom (anat.), miniature, copy, type. Mohammedan, Muhammedan, a. Mus-
moderate, a. Spec, temperate, reason- sulman, Moslem or MusUm, Mahometan,
able, indifferent, passable, mild, low (as Turkish, Islamic, Islamitic, Islamitical, or
contrasted with "high" or "intense"), spar- Islamistio (referring to Islam, the religion of
ing, slack, easy, chaste, modest, gentle, Mohammedans), paynim (an archaic Chris-
fau:, ordinary, merciful, decent, light. tian term of reproach or contempt), Sara-
Antonyms: see extreme, exorbitant, cenic, Saracenical, Moorish (colloq.; India
EXTORTIONATE, OUTRAGEOUS, EXTRAVA- and Ceylon).
GANT, BTEEP. Mohammedan, Muhammedan, n.
moderate, diminish, lessen, slack,
v. t. Mussulman (a derivative from the source
slacken, slake (rare), allay, abate: spec. of Moslem; pi. "Mussulmans"), Moslem
temper, qualify.
alloy, alleviate, sober, or, more accurately, Muslim (from the
moderately, adv. temperately, indiffer- source of Islam), Mahometan (now rare),
ently, pretty, etc. Moorman (East India), Turk (because so
moderation, n. moderateness, temperate- many Turks are Mohammedans; chiefly
ness; spec, temperance, chastity, chaste- spec). Islamist, Islamite, Saracen (esp.
ness, reasonableness, indifference, pass- in reference to the crusades); spec, sufi,
ableness, passability, lowness, slackness, MotazUite, Karmathian or Carmathian,
slackening, easiness, modesty, gentleness, Kadarite, Shiite or Shiah, Sunnite (irv-
fairness, mercy, diminution, abatement, eluding the Hanbalites, Hanafites, Mali-
decency, alleviation. kites, and Shallites), shereef or sherif,
Antonyms: see aggravation (cf. ag- Moor, IsmaeUan or Ismaelian or Ismailian.
gravate). Mohammedanism, n. Islam (the proper
modern, a. Spec, present, present-day, name of orthodox Mohammedanism),
t^^ Cross references: see Note. mock, v. t.: ridicule, defy, de- model, V. t.: form.
znlzzen; mast. ceive, imitate. model, a. exemplary.
moan: groan, mourn. mock, V. i.: jeer. modicum: little.
moat: ditch, mock, n.: jeer, butt. modifiable: ctiangeable.
mob, V. i.: crowd. mookery: ridicule, butt, imita- modify, V. t.: change,
mob, V. attack.
£..* tion, -pretense. modish: stylish, affected.
mobile: movable, liquid, change- mock-heroic: burlesque. mogul: magnate,
able. modal: formal. moiety: half,
mobilize: assemble. mode: style, manner, state. moll: work.
t^' See Xotes of Explanation.
284
 MONKET
Islamism, Mahometanism (obsolescent), autocrat, king, crown (fig.), monocrat
Maumetry (archaic). (rare); spec, kinglet, kinging (less con-
moist, o. Spec, wet, damp, humid (chiefly temptuous than "kinglet"), Caesar (hist, or
poetic or rhetorical) , dank, dankish, mug- fig.), emperor, queen, monarchess (rare;
gy, wettish, uliginose or uliginoiis (rore), fern.), empress, sovereigness (rare; fem.),
rosoid (rare), dewy, oozy, vaporous. roitelet (archaic), prince (archaic), prin-
ATitonyms: see dry. cess (archaic), royalet (rare), imperator
moisten, v. t. <fe i. wet; spec, bemoist (an (Latin form of "emperor"; chiefly hist.),
intensive), dampen or (less usual) damp, Kaiser (German; hist.), czar (Russian;
humidify (rare) , baste, dew, sponge. hist.). Mikado (Japanese), raja or rajah
Antonyms: see dry. (East Indian), Pharaoh (hist.), shah, sul-
moisture, n. moistness (chiefly of the state), tan, Bretwalda (hist.).
wetness; spec, dampness, damp, humidity, Antonyms: see subject.
mugginess, breath, dew. monarchical, a. autocratic, kingly, mo-
Antonyms: see dryness. narchial (rare), monarchic (rare), mono-
molasses, n. treacle (the usual English cratic (rare); spec, imperial.
term). Antonyms: see democratic.
mold, n. fungus (tech.); spec, must, musti- monarchism, n. autocratism, Ctesarism,
ness, mother. absolutism; spec, imperialism.
mold, V. i. must (rare or Eng. dial.), fust monarchy, n. autocracy, kingdom, royal-
(obs. or dial.). ty (rare, exc. as a characterizing term),
moldable, a. Spec, fisuline or fictile. realm (chiefly rhetorical or tech?), reign
molded, a. moulded (a variant), fictile. (fi^.), princedom (rare), principality
molding, n. 1. casting. (rore), regality (rare).
2. ornament; spec, bead or astragal, reed Antonyms: see democracy.
or reeding, chaplet, cyma, cavetto, cong6 monastery, n. convent;
spec, charter-
(French), quarter-round or ovolo, ogee, house, borzery (rare), lamasery, vihara,
cornice, scotia, thumb, torus, torsade, monkery, cell.
tringle, round, roundel, fillet, cable, monastic, a. conventual, monachal,
bolection or bilection, casemate or case- monkish (often a term of reproach), monk-
ment, surbase, platband. ly (rare).
moldy, a. molded, mucid (rare), mucidous monasticism, n. monachism (learned),
(rare), mucedinous (bat.; rare); spec. monkism (rare), monkhood, monkery
mothery, stale, musty, foisty, frowzy. (chiefly contemptuous).
mole, n. Referring to the animal: mold- monetary, a. financial, pecuniary (chiefly
warp or moldiwarp (chiefly Eng. dial.), spec), fiscal (chiefly spec).
wanty (obs.). money, n. Spec currency, cash, funds
mole, n. nsevus (tech.); spec, birthmark. (pi.), specie, stamps (pi.; slang), coin (o col-
molecular, a. Spec. Brownian. lective), coinage (more formal for "coin"),
molecule, n. particle; spec, monad, dyad, chink (slang), rhino (slang), tin (slang),
triad, tetrad, pentad, hexad, heptad, dust (slang), brass (sUmg or dial.), barrel
octad. (political slang), copper (colloq.), ginger-
molt, V. t. shed (now the usual term, except bread (slang), wampumpeag,
tender,
of birds); spec, cast, slough, mew (tech., or wampum, wakiki, larin, coat money (hist I),
archaic), exuviate (a tech. equivalent of cowrie.
"slough"), throw. Mongolian, a. Mongolia, Mongol (prop-
molting, n. molt; spec, ecdysis (tech.), erly spec), Mogul (chiefly hist.); s^ec.
cast, sloughing, slough. Chinese, Japanese, Samoyed, Lappish,
moment, n. 1. Spec, instant, minute, Lappoman, Lapp.
flash, trice (now only in "in a trice"), monism, n. theism, unitism (rare), hen-
crack, gliff (Scot, or colloq.), jiffy (colloq.), ism (rare).
shake (slang), handclap, eyewink, bUnk, monli, n. ecclesiastic (contextual), conven-
wink (more common equivalent of "eye- tual, monastic (more technical than
wink"), twinlding. "monk"), friar (a loose use), religieux
Antonyms: see eternity, age. (French); spec, coenobite, anchoret, prior,
2. See IMPORTANCE, MOMENTUM. _
caloyer, santon, santo, Benedictine, tala-
momentum, n. energy, moment, impetus. poin, Sarabaite, Cluniac, cloisterer, hos-
The terms "momentum" and "moment" are pitaler or hospitaller, marabout, Mekhi-
very technical. tarist, lama, palmer.
monarch, n. sovereign or (poetic) sovran. monliey, n. simian, jackanapes (archaic);

t^ Cross references: see Note. mole: pier. mollycoddle, n. effeminate.

mold, V. t.: work, form. molest: disturb, harm. momentary: temporary.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

285
 .

MONKEYLIEE
spec, entellus, guariba, sagoin, mari- month, n. moon (fi^.); spec, lunation,
monda, mangabey, marmoset, mariidna, ramadan (Mohammedan).
sapajou, teetee, vitoe, tota, langur, chac- monthly, a. menstrual (tech.), mensual
ma, kahau, lar, macaque, macaco, grivet, (rare).
howler, hoolock. monument, n. 1. memorial ^ spec, grave-
monkeyllke, a. pithecoid (tech.); spec. stone, sepulcher, cromlech (archmol.),
cebocephalic. lech (archcBol.), dagoba (Buddhist.), ceno-
monogram, n. cipher. taph, lat (East India), antiquity, pyramid,
monologue, n. Spec, soliloquy. menhir (archceol.) , tombstone, tomb, tro-
monopolize, v. t. Spec, engross, corner phy, megalith, monolith, trilith or trili-
(cant). thon, marble, document.
monopoly, n. staple (hist.), soleship 2. See BOUNDARY, DOCUMENT.
(rare); spec, monopolism. moon, 1. Phoebe (poetic; personified),
n.
monotone, n. Spec, drone, singsong. Cynthia (poetic; personified), Luna (po-
monotone, v. t. Spec, intone, drone. etic or tech.; personified); spec, plenilune
monotonous, a. dull, flat, samely (rare); (chiefly poetic), crescent, decrescent (rare),
spec, singsong, wearisome, jogtrot (col- sickle, increscent (chiefly her.).
loq.), dreary or drearisome or (rare) drear 2. See MONTH, MOONLIGHT.
(poetic), routine. moonlight, n. moonshine (poetic or rare),
Antonyms: see vabied. shine (contextual), moon, moonbeam
monotony, n. monotone (chiefly spec), (chiefly in pi.); spec, earthhght.
sameness, sameUness (rare); spec, hum- Antonyms: see dark.
drum, dreariness, drearihead (archaic), moonlight, a. moonshiny (rare), moony
dreariment, drearihood. (rare).
Antonyms: see vaeiett. Antonyms: see dark.
monster, n. t. Referring to mythical or moor, n. moorland; spec, heath, bent,
legendary beings: spec, dragon, drake brier.
(obs. or archaic), dragonet, behemoth, Moor, n. Moorman, Moresco (chiefly
leviathan, hydra, lamid, sphinx, chi- spec); spec. Marrano (hist.), Maugrabee
mjera, mermaid (Jem.), merman (muse), or Maugrabin.
centaur, Frankenstein (an erroneous des- moor, V. t. Spec, berth, anchor.
ignation of the created monster described mooring, n. Spec, berthage, moor (rare)
in the novel by Mrs. Shelly), Scylla and Moorish, o. Moresco, Moresque (flne
Charybdis, Cyclops, Erinnyes. harpy, arts).
siren, ogre (masc), ogress (fern.), bucen- moral, a. ethical or (rare) ethic (chiefly
taur, mariche, manticore, hircocervus, spec).
hippocampus, hippogriff, kylin (of China morning, n. morn (poetic or literary), fore-
and Japan), chichevache (French; obs.), noon, morningtide (rare or poetic), mor-
griffin, wyvern (her.). row (archaic).
2. Referring to what is abnormal in shape: Antonyms: see evening.
monstrosity, freak, cacogenesis (tech.); morning star, daystar, Lucifer, Phosphor
svec. hodmandod, terata (pi.; med.), (poetic), Phosphorus (rare).
abortion, mooncalf (archaic), miscreation. Antonyms: see evening stab,. _

8. Referring to abeing of unnatural cruelty: morsel, n. 1. Spec, bite, bit, titbit, sop.
fiend, devil, shaitan (Mohammedan). 2. See FRAGMENT, PARTICLE.
monstrosity, n. I. abnormaUty, freak; mortal, a. I. Being subject to death: earth-
spec, atrocity, teratology. bom, corporeal, ephemeral.
2. See MONSTER. Antonyms: see immortal.
monstrous, a. 1. Spec, dragonish, Cy- 2.See DYING, DEADLY, GREAT, HUMAN,
clopean, Cyclopian, or Cyclopic, horrible. IMPLACABLE, LONG.
2. unnatural, abnormal, freaky; spec. mortal, n. earthling, deathling (rare).
teratological (med.), teratical (jnai.), mortgage, n. pledge (contextual), charge
malformed, misshapen, miscreated. (contextual), encumbrance (contextual);
Antonyms: see natural, normal. spec, dip (colloq.), bottomry, wadset
3. See FLAGRANT, OUTRAGEOtIS, IMMENSE. (Scot.), bond, debenture.

K^^ Cross Note.

references: see moot, V. t.: discuss. mordacious: biting.
monomaniac: deranged per- mopish: depressed. mordant: corrosive.
son, crank. moppet: dear. Tnore,a.: additional,greater,else.
mood: disposition. morale: spirit. more, adv.: also.
moody: changeable. morality: virtue, ethics. morgue: dead house.
moon, V. i.: idle, wander. morass: marsh. moribund: dying.
moon-eyed: blind. moratorium: deferment. morn: daybreak.
moonstniok: deranged. morbid: ailing, gloomy, de- morose: ill-tempered.
moot, n.: assembly. ranged. morrow: morning, to-morrow.
t^^ See Notes of Explanation.
286
 MOUTH
moTtgage, v. t. Spec, pledge, charge, en- mulus, barrow,tell {Arabic), kurgun
cumber. {archccol.), cache, esker {igeol.), homito,
mortgagee, n. encumbrancer. rampart {fort.) barbette {fort.), teip
mortify, v. 1. 1. crucify ifig.); spec, humble. {Friesland), teocalli {Mexican rdigion),
2. See EMBAKBASa. pyramid.
mortlty, v. i. ganerene. mount, V. t. 1. See climb, set.
mortise, n. hole {coniextwjl); spec, gain, 2. Spec, back (o horse), remount, horse
dovetail, cocket, cog. {a person), bestride (o horse).
mosaic, n. inlay; spec, tarsia (tecA.). mountain, n. elevation {dmtextual), hill
mosaic, a. inlaid, tessellated or tessellate {chiefly spec), heap, highland^ mount {po-
{lech, or learned), musive (rare). etic or archaic); spec sierra, jokul {Icel),
mosquito, n. Spec. gallini{)per {chiefly chain, range.
U. S.), Anopheles, Culex, wriggler. Antonyms: see plain, valley.
mother, n. parent {contextual), mamma mourn, v. t. regret {contextual); spec, de-
or mama {chiefly in the vocative or preceded plore, lament, bewail, wail {rare), be-
by a possessive pronoun and more fash- moan, moan (a less emphatic word than
ionably accented on the last syllable), gene- "bemoan"), ^eet {Scotr), condole {runo
trix or genitrix {rare), dam (as used of rare), keen {Irish), dirge, behowl (rare),
human beings only contemptuous), mammy besi^ {rare), sigh, overweep, elegize.
(a child's word), mam
{colloq.; a childish mourn, v. i. regret {contextual); spec.
word), matriarch {jocular), motherkin (a lament, sigh, wail, greet {Scot.), keen
dim., chiefly in affectionate use), author {Irish), cry, weep, plain {archaic), sorrow,
{c<mtextual), head {contextu^), venter grieve.
{tech.; law). Antonyms: see Exui/r, rejoice.
Antonyms: see child. mourner, n. Spec, lamenter, weeper,
motherhood, n. mother, motherhead howler, mute, keener {Irish), etc.
{rare), mothership maternity. mournful, a. 1. regretful {contextual);
motif, n. idea (contextual), motive {the spec, lugubrious, lamenting, lamentatory
less used Eng. equivalent of the French (rare), plangorous (a rhetorical term),
"motif"); spec, theme. woeful, sad, moanful {rare), plaintive,
motion, n. 1. movement, stir; spec, pass, flebile (rare), doleful, dismal, sorrow-
move, drift, drive, driftage, play, course, ful, elegiac, dirgeful, tearful, lachrymal,
dash, rush, dart, fling, flirt, onset, flight, threnodic or threnodical, wailful (rare),
flicker, career, dodge, excursion, travel, Lenten.
sweep, creep, set, hitch, flow, countermo- Antonyms: see festive.
tion, flux, throw, gesture, translation, lo- 2. See lamentable.
comotion, walk, rvin, jump, hop, etc. mourning, n. 1. regretting {contexttud),
Antonyms: motionlessness {cf. motion- sorrow; spec, lamentation, deploration
less). {rare), wailing, moaning, etc
2. see action, proposal, offer, evacu- Antonyms: seerevelry, exultation,
ATION. rejoicing.
motionless, a. 1. still, immovable; see 2. weeds {esp. of a widow); spec crfipe
STILL. {French), crape, armozeen, cr6pe-de-chine
Antonyms: see lively, restless, plow- (French).
ing. mouselike, a. myoidal (rare).
2. stationary, immotile, stock-still, im- mouth, n. 1. jaws (pi.), gob (dial, or slang),
mobile {chiefly spec); spec, quiescent, reb (chiefly Scot.).
quiet, fixed. 2. See grimace.
Antonyms: see boisterous, livelt. 3. opening (contextual), aperture (eon-
motionlessness, n. stillness, rest, immo- textual),bouche (French); spec, embou-
bility, quiescence, repose. chure (French), embouchement (French),
motive, n. 1. cause {contextual), spring; estuary, debouchment (rare), muzzle,
spec, reason, purpose; see reason. crater, entrance, outlet, orifice.
2. See motif. mouth, V. t. 1. See utter, declaim,
mound, n. Spec, hill, heap, bank, tu- MANGLE.

fS^ Cross references: see Note. mote: particle. motley, n.: dress, mixture.
mortified: dead, gangrenous. motherly; maternal. mottle; spot.
mortify; gangrene. motile; self-moving. mottled; party-colored, spotted.
mortuary: dead house. motion, V. i.: gesture. mould: mold.
moat, adv.: chiefly. motion, 0. t.: guide, direct, sum^ moulded; molded.
most, a.: greaieat. mon. mound, v. I.: bank, hill.
mostly: chiefly. motley, a.: party-colored, com- mount , D .
t. ; nse, c2ifnb, tncreoAS*
mot: saying, witticism. posite. mount,n.:AiU, mountain, Aom.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

287
 MOUTHFUL
2. To touch, rub, etc., with the mouth; spec. veyer, teamster, drayman, carman, ex-
mumble, lip, kiss. pressman, etc.
mouthful, n. gob {now vulgar). moving, a. 1. Spec, shifting, drifting,
mouthpiece, n. 1. Spec, embouchure running, stirring, flitting, darting, astir,
{French), bit. locomotive, live, changeful, etc.
2.See SPOKESMAN. 2. Spec, motive, motory, material {rare),
movable, a. 1. motionable {rare), change- motor, transfer.
able; spec, mobile, traveling. 8. See AFFECTING, COMPULSORY.
Antonyms: see immovable. much, n. mickle {archaic or Scot.); spec.
2.See IMPRESSIBLE, CHANGEABLE. considerable {chiefly U. S.), heaps (col-
move, V. t. 1. Spec, transport, transfer, loq.; pi.), lot {colloq.).
translate {literary, dignified, or rhetorical), Antonyms: see little, nothing.
carry, convey, bear, take, remove, man- much, adv. Spec, largely, enormously,
handle, hitch, flirt, dislodge, shake, highly, extremely, considerably, muchly
sweep, stir, start, drift, edge, steal, play, {jocular), greatly.
pole, warp {naut.), daudle, walk, actuate mucous, a. pituitous {tech.), pituitary
{tech.), eloin or eloign (o6s., exc. as used {tech.).
with the reflexive or as a law term), impel, mucus, n. Spec, phlegm, pituita {tech.),
drive, throw, cart, wheel, chariot {rare), snivel, mucilage.
motor {colloq.), charioteer {rare), channel mud, n. earth {contextual), dirt {context-
{rare), operate, shift, flutter, tUt, jiggle, ual); spec, mire, muck, slush, sludge,
change, turn, displace, disturb, etc. {dial.), slime, ooze, moya {geol.),
clabber
2. See AFFECT, ROUSE, COMPEL, IMPEL, gumbo {U. S.; colloq.).
lute,
ASK. muddy, a. 1. earthy {contextual), dirty
move, V. i. 1. Spec, pass, drift, lob, loco- {contextual), muddish {chiefly spec); spec.
mote {colloq. or cant), career, drive, snail oozy, slushy, sludgy, slimy, uliginous or
{rare), stream, streak, lumber, travel, uhginose {rare), limous (rare), lutose
squib {rare), budge, clip {colloq.), run, {rare), cloudy, gritty, roily, sandy.
rumble, hum {colloq. as implying lively Antonyms: see clear.
action), flitter, creep, crawl, draggle, drop, 2. iSee DARK, INTOXICATED, FOUL, DULL,
drawl {rare), shift, steal, tilt, pole, jerk, CONFUSED.
advance, retreat, drumble {rare or dial.), muddy, i^. t. 1. dirty {contextual); spec.
hitch, burst, bounce, edge, idle, startle, mire, bemire {intensive for "mire"), slime,
circulate, stir, start, vibrate, remove, slush, puddle, roil.
trend, flow, go, tmn, rush, dash, fling, 2. See DARKEN, CONFUSE.
whisk, sail, float, fly,
falter, flirt, flicker, muff, n. I. Spec, cover, bungle, bungler,
skip, hop, whip, swing, shiffle, flounce, muffer, clown.
lounge, castle {chess), bowl, operate, play, 2. Inbaseball: miss; spec. fumble, bungle.
poke. muff, V. t. & i. In baseibaU: miss; spec.
2. See DEPART, LIVE, ACT. fumble, bungle.
movement, n. 1. motion, conduction {now Antonyms: see catch.
esp. of natural processes, sap, etc.); spec. muffer, n. In baseball: misser; spec, fum-
pass. bler, bungler, butterfingers {colloq.).
2. Referringtotheactofmxmng something: muffled, a. dull {contextual); spec, puffy.
spec, transfer, transferal, transport {chief- muffler, n. wrap {contextual), muffle;
ly commercial), carriage, conveyal {rare), spec, scarf, veil, tippet, disguise.
conveyance, boatage, cartage, disturb- mug, n. cup (contextual); spec. Bellar-
ance, displacement. mine, tankard, toby.
8. Referring to a definite motion, esp. as mulatto, n. hybrid, half-breed; spec, griff
tending toward, or intended produce, a to (local, U.
S.).
certain result: spec, maneuver, evolution, mule, n. horse {contextual), hybrid {am-
operation, figure, inversion. textual), half-breed {contextual); spec.
4. Referring to action of some kind by many mute {dial, or cant).
or by people generally: spec, crusade, war, mulllon, n. munnion {rare), monial {now
propaganda, drive {colloq.), revolt. rare).
5. See ACTION, ACT, ACTIVITY, MECHANISM. multiform, o. diversified, various, vari-
mover, n. Spec, transporter, carrier, con- form {rare), diversiform; spec, protean or
X^ Cross references: see Note. muddle, v. t,: confuse, stupefy. mulct, V. t.: fine, deprive.
movable: chattel. muddle, n.: confusion, disorder. mulish: intractable.
mow, n.; heap. muddle-headed: confused. mull: heat.
mow, n. v.: grimace.
tSc mufiSe, v. t.: cover, wrap, deaden. multifarious: diversify.
muck: manure, dirt, earth. muloh: cover. multifold: -many, manifold.
mucky: dirty, filthy. mulct, n.: fine, exaction. multilateral: many-sided.
i^ See Notes of Explanation.
288
 MY
usual) proteifonn, amcEbiform, poly-
(less pignon, chanterelle, flap, morel, whitecap,
morphous or [less usual) polymorphic, puffball, etc.
metamorphotic, multiphase. music, n. Spec, melody, harmony, descant
Antonyms: see uniform. {part music), chime, rondo.
multiplier, n. multiphcator musical, a. 1. Spec, harmonic {obs. or
(rare), facient
{tech.); spec, coefficient. spec), Orphean {j}^.), singing, canorous
multiply, V. t. increase {contextual); spec. (rare), philharmonic; see habmonioub,
decuple {tech.), decuplate {tech.), cube, MELODIOUS.
double, centuplicate, tenfold, quadruple, Antonyms: see unmusical.
triplicate. 2. See CLEAR.
multitude, n. 1. Spec, crowd, throng, musician, n. player, musicianer {now
army, swarm, pack, flock, world, host, chiefly illiterate), harmonist (o literary
mob {chiefly disparaging), heap {coUoq.). term); spec, luter {hist.), bard {Lowland
pile {ohs. or inelegant), Wve, legion, herd Scot.), minstrel, wait, gleeman {hist.), lyr-
{derogatory), power {dial, or cMoq.), plu- ist, lutanist, violinist, oboist, drummer,
rality {rare), sight {coUoq. or slang), ruck bugler, etc.
{derogatory), assembly, troop, cloud. musket, n. Spec, culverin, caUver, match-
S. numerousness, mmtitudinousness. Cf. lock, musketoon.
MANY, a. musketeer, n. Spec, mousquetaire
mumble, v. i. 1. mump, mutter. {French).
2. See CHEW. mustache, n. mustachio {literary), whisk-
municipal, a. civil {contextual); spec. ers {pi.; obs.)
city, town, village, etc. mute, dummy {now considered a term of
n.
murder, n. homicide {contextual); spec. reproach); spec, deaf-mute.
massacre, butchery, thuggee, thuggism, mutilate, v. t. 1. In the sense of disabling
lynching. or destroying a member or organ: spec.
murder, v. 1. 1. kiU {contextual); spec, mas- maim, dismember, disarm, bemaim (Jn-
sacre, butcher, burke, bishop, morganize tensive term), law, expeditate {rare), trun-
{U. S.), suppress, assassinate, thug, lynch. cate, pinion, hamstrmg.
2. See DESTROY, MANGLE. 2. See DEFACE, MANGLE, PERVERT.
murderer, n. killer {context u<il), homicidemutilation, n. 1. Spec, maiming, may-
{contextual); spec, cutthroat, gimman hem {law), concision, dismemberment,
(eoUoq. or cant), butcher, assassin, thug, demembration {chiefly Scots law), lawing,
lyncher. expeditation, truncation.
murmur, n. Spec, babble, prattle,
1. 2. See DEFACEMENT.
mutter, v. i. & t. Spec, grumble, mumble,
frumescence {rare), sough, souffle {med.),
purl, hum, rustle, whisper. murmur.
2. See COMPLAINT, MUTTER. mutter, n. mumblement {rare/; spec.
murmur, v. i. 1. Spec, babble, bicker, grumble, mumble, murmur. "Growl" and
brawl, hum, sough, curr (rare), prattle, "snarl" differ from "mutter" in that they
purl, curmur {imitative; rare), rumor imply primarily a warning of displeasure
{rare), rustle,whisper. or a threat.
2. See COMPLAINT, MUTTER. mutual, a. common {now considered an in-
murmuring, a. murmurous, murmurish; correct usage), commutual {chiefly poetic;
spec, babblmg, brawUng, babbly, purling, emphaiicfoT "mutual"); spec, reciprocal;
frumescent, rustling, whispering. hence {conlextually), interactive, interur-
muscle, n. thew. ban, international, interstate, intertribal,
muscular, a. musculous (rare), torous (o6s. ete.
or rare); spec, brawny, beefy {colhq.). Antonyms: see individual.
museum, n. repository {rare); muzzle, n. 1. Spec, muffle, mouth.
spec.
pinsecotheca. 2. mouth {of a gun).
mushroom, n. fungus; spec, truffle, cham- my, u. mine {archaic, exc. predicative).
TW Cross references; see Note. murderous: homicidal, fierce, mussy: confused, disheveled.
multiply, V. t.: increase. deadly. muster, v.: convene.
multitudinous: rruiny. mure: waU. muster, n.: assembly, list.
mum, v.: act. murk: dark. musty: moldy.
mum, a,: silent. murky: dark, cloudy. mutable: changeable.
mumble, v. t.: chew, speak. muse: consider, gaze. mutate: change.
mummer: actor, buffoon. mushy: soft, emotionaZ. mute, a.: silent, dumb.
mummery: acting, pretense. musing: thoughtful, abstracted. mute, n.; dummy, sUeneer.
mump: mumble. muss, n.: confusion, disturb- mutinous: disobedient, insur-
munch: chew. ance, disorder. gent. \surgence.
mundane: terrestrial, worldly. muss, V. t.: confuse, disturb, mutiny, n.: disobedience, in-
munificent: generous. disarrange, dishevel. mutlny, n. i.; disobey.insurrect.

V^^ See Notes of Explanation.

289
 —
MYRIAD
mysterious, a. hidden {contextvoL), enig- namely, a. videlicet, even (archaic or Bib-
matic, enigmatical, sphinxlike. lical), scilicet (law), to wit (more fomwl
mystic, n. Spec, cabalist, occultist, gnos- than "namely").
tic, quietist, sufi, therapeutse (pi.). namesake, n. homonym (tech. or learned);
mysticism, n. secrecy (contextiuil); spec. spec, name child, name son, etc.
ontologism, Orpbism, quietism, cabala. nap, n. pile (chiefly spec); spec, shag,
down, silk, wool, viUi (pi.), villosity,
fleece, cotton.
N nape, n. poU (rare or archaic), scruff or
nadli, n. bottom; no good synonyms. (dial. Eng.) scuff (chiefly used in "scuff"
Antonyms: see zenith. or "scuff of the neck"), nucha (tech.).
nail, n. 1. ungula (fech.), unguis (tech.); napkin, n. serviette (now a vulgar affecta-
spec, talon, claw. tion or becoming so); spec, doily.
2. Spec, tack, hobnail, spike, spud, stub, nappy, a. rough (contextual), napped, pily
sparable, sprig, brad, clout nail, counter- (chiefly spec); spec, shaggy, downy, vil-
clout. lous, fleecy, cottony, woolly.
miked, a. 1. bare, exposed, nude (a term narcotic, a. anaesthetic, anodyne, soporif-
less suggestive of impropriety or disadvan- ic, stupefacient, dope (slang or colloq.);
tage than "naked"), stark-naked (an inten- spec, bhang, hashish, hemp, ganja, opiate
sive), stark (ftbs. or rare for "stark-naked"), (nicotine, heroin, chloral, etc.), etc.
in cuerpo (used humorously in the predi- Antonyms: see stimulant.
cate), garmentless (rare), imclad, un- narrate, »/. t. Spec. teU, retell, relate, re-
clothed or ungarmented (chiefly euphe- hearse, recite, recount, state, discourse
mistic), unarrayed or unappareled (o (archaic), retail, report, record, delate
dignified equiv. of "ungarmented"); spec. (rare or bookish), chronicle, circumstan-
bare-backed. tiate, repeat.
Antonyms: see clothed. narration, n. 1. Spec, relation, rehearsal,
2. See EVIDENT, MERE, HELPLESS. recitation, repetition, statement, record,
name, n. 1. title (often spec), term (precise report, recital.
or technical in sense, esp. in science), de- 2. See NARRATIVE, ACCOUNT.
nomination (affected or obsolescent as used narrative, n. Referring to the thing nar-
of individual names), designation (often rated: spec, statement, account, narra-
spec), appellation, denotation (now rare tion, history, novel, story, yarn (colloq.),
orobs., exc spec); spec, alias, appellation, fable, romance, tale, saga.
appellative, epithet, firm, style, compel- narrator, n. narrater (rare); spec reciter,
lative (rare), compellation (rare), nick- rehearser, recounter, chronicler, sayer (ar-
name, nomenclature (rare), cryptonym chaic), anecdotist, raconteur (French),
(rare), pseudonym) byname, to-name, cac- etc.
onym, sobriquet, praenomen, forename, narrow, a. 1. confined, strait (now archaic
nomen, cognomen, agnomen, surname, or with Biblical reference), incapacious,
addition {o6s., exc. law), binomial, pat- limited; spec, constricted, cramp, tight,
ronymic, protonym, toponym; see nottn. close, crammy (colloq.), pinched, scanty,
2. See REPUTATION, CELEBRITY. scant.
name, v. 1. 1. call, term, style, denominate, Antonyms: see vast, wide, boundless,
entitle, title (rare), intitule (archaic, SPACIOUS, ROOMY.
equiv. of "entitle"), nominate (rare), no- 2. In reference to an escape: near, close,
menolate (rare), nomenclature (rare), bare, hairbreadth.
clepe (obs. or archaic); spec, dub (often 3. illiberal, Uttlej spec, prejudiced, fanat-
humorous or contemptuous), cognomen ical, bigoted, hidebound (depreciatory),
(rare), cognominate (rare), christen (often uncomprehensive, insular, provincial, pa/-
general in colloquial use), count, epithet, rochial, untraveled, clannish, cUquish, eic.
epithetize (rare), surname, design (ar- Antonyms: see wide, general, inclu-
chaic and chiefly law), nickname. sive, liberal, COMPREHENSIVE.
2. See MENTION, APPOINT. narrow, n. Referring to a narrow water-
named, a. called, bight (archaic), de- way: spec, strait, tidegait, gut. The plural
nominate, denominated, etc form "narrows" is common.
XW Cross references: see Note. mystical: hidden. namby-pamby: affected.
myriad: counUesa. mystify: perplex. nameless: obscure, anonymous,
mystery: form^ secret, secrecy, mythical: fictitious. abominable.
drama. nap: sleep.
mystery: art, trade, associa- N napery: linen.
tion. nag, V. t.: annoy. naphtha: petroleum.
mystlo: Mdden. naive: artUss. narcotize: stupefy.

f^^ See Notes of Explanation.

290
 —

NEARNESS
narrow, v. t. 1. straiten (rare, exc. archaic nausea, a. 1. disgust (contextual), sickness
or literary); spec, constrict, contract, les- (rare in this restricted sense); spec, qualm,
sen. seasickness, queasiness.
Antonyms: see widen. 2. See DISGUST, abhorrence, aversion.
2. See DIMINISH. nauseate, v. i. sicken, rise (of the stomach),
nasality, n. twang. turn (of the stomach), spleen (rare).
natal, o. 1. birth; the noun used attrilmr nauseate, v. t. 1. sicken, turn (of the stom^
tively. ach), revolt (implying a revulsion of dis-
2. iSee NATIVE. gust); spec. drug.
nation, n. people, nationality (fig.), folk; 2. See DISGUST.
spec, tribe. nauseous, o. 1. offensive (contextual),
nationality, n. nationalism. qualmish or qualmy, queasy (rare),
(rare)
native, o. 1. See innate. sickish, sickly (less emphatic than "sick-
2. In reference to belonging by birth or ish"), sickening; spec, mawkish, emetic,
origin: ori^nal; spec, autochthonous nasty.
(learned), indigenous, natural, natal 2. See DISGUSTING.
(chiefly poetic), aboriginal, live, innate, nautical, a. naval (chiefly spec), nautic
endemic or (less common) endemical, ver- (poetic or rhetorical), tarrish (jig.; rare),
nacular (now rare, exc. spec.), home-born, navigable, a. 1. sailable (rare).
home-bred. Antonyms: see unnavigable.
Antonyms: see foreign, false. 2. In reference to balloons: see dirioible.
8. See DOMESTIC. navigate, v. t. 1. sail, pernavigate (rare; an
native, n. aborigine (on etymologically in/- intensive); spec, cruise.
defensible sing, of "aborigines," pi.; but 2. See STEER, MANAGE.
fairly common in use), autochthon (liter- near, adv. I. by, about, forby (archaic or
ary or learned), indigene (rare); spec. Scot.), around (coUoq., U. S.), fast (ar-
coimtryman, countrywoman.
Creole, chaic or poetic, and now only in "fast by"),
Antonyms: see fobeigneb. hard (archaic or poetic; now only in "hard
natural, a. 1. normal, ordinary (context- by"), close (only in "close by"), nigh (ar-
ual), regular. chaic or dial.), nearhand (Scot.).
Antonyms: see supernatitral. Antonyms: see par.
2. See innate, illegitimate, native, ac- 2. closely (stronger than "near").
customed, physical, unbegbneeate. near, prep. Spec, by, beside, about, around
8. In reference to what is in accordance (colloq., v. S.), on, at, along.
with one's nature: spec, constitutional, in- near, a. 1. Referring to space relations:
artificial,connatural (literary and em- spec, close (chiefly predicative), nigh, prox-
phatic), customary, physic (rare), easy, imate (learned or tech.), warm (coUoq.),
unlabored, artless, born, lifelike, unre- nearby, neighboring, vicinal (a more
strained, unstudied. learned equivalent of "neighboring"), pro-
Antonyms: see artificial, trNNATURAL, pinquent (rare), adjacent, contiguous.
MONSTROUS, AFFECTED. Antonyms: see distant.
naturalize, v. t. 1. See enfranchise, do- 2. Referring to time relations: spec, close
mesticate. (chiefly predicative), immediate, instant
2. In reference to adapting a person or (an emphatic equiv. of "immediate"), im-
plant to a country or environment: spec. pending, imminent.
accUmate, acclimatize, creoUze, domes- Antonyms: see distant.
ticate, halsituate. nearest, a. next, proximal, proximate,
nature, n. 1. In reference to that which is hithermost (rare).
the source of life and being: kind (ar- Antonyms: see extreme.
chaic; as in ''Dame kind," "the law of nearly, adv. Spec, about, toward, nighly
kind"). (rare), almost.
2. See universe. nearness, n. Spec, adjacency, closeness,
8. character, constitution, quality, inbe- nighness (archaic), neighborhood, appro
ing (rare), indoles (rare); spec, grain, kind, pinquity (rare), proximity (in more com
type, form, mold, inside, interior, dispo- mon use than "proximateness"), vicinity
sition, structure, idiom, heart. propinquity (literary).
4. naturalness. Antonyms: see distance.
K^" Cross references: see Note. nasty: dirtu, filthy, foul, ill- naught, n..* nothing, cipher.
narrowing: constriction, con- tempered, dangeroits. nauglit, a.: worthlesa.
traction, [mean. nativity: birth, horoscope. nauseating: disgusting.
narrow-minded: intolerant, natty: smart. nave: hub, body.
nasality: resonance. naturalize: enfranchise, adopt, near, v. i.: approach.
nascent: beginning. domesticate, accustom, acclimate. nearing: approach.
(?* See Notes ol Explanation.
291
 .

NEAR-SIGHTED
near-sighted, a. short-sighted, myopic needle,
n. Spec, bodkin, blunt, sharp, be-
(tech.). tween, darner, straw.
Antonyms: see far-sighted. needlework, n. stitchery (usually contemp-
necessarily, a. needs (used chiefly with tuous); spec, embroidery, insertion, knot-
"must"). work.
necessary, a, 1. indispensable, vital, need- ne'er-do-well, n. good-for-nothing, losel
ful, need (rare), requisite, essential, in- (archaic).
evitable, behoveful ofr negative, n. I. See denial.
behooveful {ar-
chaic). 2. Of words expressing negation: spec, nay
Antonyms: see unnecessaet, acciden- (archaic, exc. as u^ed in deliberative bodies),
tal. no (the usual word expressing denial, dis-
2. <See CONaEQTJENTIAL, AXIOMATIC, UN- sent, or refusal), non placet (used in voting
AVOIDABLE. "no" in some assemblies).
necessary, n. indispensable, requisite, re- neglectful, a. disreeardful; spec forget-
quirement, essential, necessity, needment ful, derehct (U. S.J, culpose; see care-
(chiefly in pi.; chiefly Eng. and spec); less, INATTENTIVE.
spec, estovers. Antonyms: see careful.
Antonyms: see suPERFLtnTr. negligence, n. disregard (contextual), re-
necessity, n. 1. indispensableness, requi- missness (contextual), slackness; spec.
siteness, needfulness, need, inevitableness. laxity, looseness, laches, carelessness,
Antonyms: see chance. omission, inattention.
2. Referring to what compels or must be: Antonyms: see care.
compulsion, must; see pate, fatality. negligent, remiss (contextual), neglec-
a.
Antonyms: see chance. tive (rare), slack; spec, lax, loose, harum-
S. See NECESBART, n. scarum, supine.
neck, n. cervix (tech.), jugulum (tech.),
1. Antonyms: see careful, thorough,
scrag (slang, exc. spec), hals (Scot, and fastidious.
dial. Eng.), gullet (o hose, depreciatory negro, n. black, blacky (colloq.), nigger
term); spec, rach (dial.), nape, clod, ewe and, exc. southern U. S., contemptv^
(colloq.
neck (fii.). The adjective for "neck" is ou^). Sambo (a nickname), blackamoor
"jugular." (now only as a nickname), quashee (pri-
2. See CONSTRICTION, CHANNEL, ISTHMUS. marily a negro proper name; rare), coon
neckcloth, n. neckpiece: spec, necker- (slang, U. S.), darky or darkey (colloq.);
chief, kercher (obs. or did.), cravat, scarf, spec, negress, negrillo, melanian, Creole,
waterfall, overlay (rare), soubise, whisk, Bantu, Pygmy, Hottentot, Bushman,
tie, gimp, stomacher, four-in-hand, chok- Ethiope, Hindu, Congo, etc.
er (dang), etc. neigh, v. i. &
n. cry (contextual), whinny,
necklace, n. gorget (rare); spec, chaplet, himiy (rare; used only as a verb), whinner
sultana, caroanet (arcAoic) ,ri vi6re (French) (dial.), nicher (Scot).
necklace-shaped, a. moniUform (learned neighborhood, n. I. See nearness.
or tech.). 2. region (contextual), vicinity (a Latin
neck-shaped, trachelate (tech.).
a. derivative, equiv. of "neighborhood"), vicin-
neorological, Spec obituary.
a. age (more definite or technical than "neigh-
necrology, n. Spec, obituary. borhood" in meaning); spec, precinct, envi-
nectar, n. In reference to plants: honey, rons (pi.), outskirts (pi.), venue, presence.
honeydew (literary and fig.). 8. See COMMUNITY, district.
need, n. 1. necessity; spec occasion, com- nerve, n. 1. chord or cord (now chiefly in
modity (archaic), convenience, turn, want, "spinal chord" or "cord"); spec, ganglion,
privation, use, exigency, distress, lack. nervule, vagus.
2. See POVERTY, NECESSITY. 2. See STRENGTH, BOLDNESS, COURAGE,
need, v. t. require, claim, demand, take; VEIN.
spec, crave (sometimes fig.), lack. nerve, t>. (. 1. literally: innervate.
IS^ Cross references: see Note. netandons: abominable. neighbor, v. i.: associate.
neat; pure, elegant, skillful, or- nefarious: wicked. neighboring: near.
derly, compact, shapely. negation; denial, nonentity. neighborly: friendly.
neb: beak, nose. negative, t). f.; deny, contradict, nemesis: justice.
nebulous: cloudy. disprove, neutralize, reject. neologism: innovation.
necessitate: compel, cause. neglect, n.; disregard, negli- neophyte: convert, novice.
neoromanoer: magician. gence. neoteric; recent.
neoiomancy: magic. negUgde: undress. nepotism; favoritism.
needful: poor, necessary. negotiate, v. t.: transfer, effect, nerveless: weak, apathetic.
needlneas: poverty. accomplish, overcome, jump. nervous: forcible, excitable, ap-
needless: unnecessary. negotiate, v. i.: treat, bargain. prehensive.
needlewoman: aewer, neighbor, a.: near. nervy: strong, bold, courageous.
needy: poor. neighbor, v. t.: border. nescient: ignorant.
tS° See Notes of Explanation.
292
 NIGH
2. Fig.: embolden, stbbnqthen.
se« newness, n. unusualness (contextual), nov-
nest, In reference to birds: spec, ham- elty; spec, recency, originaUty, modernity.
71. t.
mock, aerie (often fig.). Antonyms: see antiquity.
2. In reference to insects, small animals, new-fashioned, a. neWj newfangled (de-
etc.: nidus (tech.); spec, bike (Scot.), predative); spec, neologistis.
vespiary. Antonyms: see old-pashioned.
S. See LAIR, GROUP. RESORT. news, n. information, intelligence, tidings
nest, V. i. 1. nidify (learned or rare), nidif- (chiefly rhetorical or poetical); spec, gospel,
icate (rare). gossip, report.
2. See LODQE. newspaper, n. paper, gazette (rare, exc. as
nestling, n. bird (contextual), a proper name or specif.), courant (nmo
nestler,
(rare); spec, garlin (Scot.). umaUy a proper name), courier (ordy as a
net, ri. 1. toil (now iisiuilly in pi.); spec. proper name).
drift, seine, flue or flew, fyke (U. S.), nice, a. 1. See fastidious, particular,
pound, podjscringe, trammel, tuck, tunnel. FINE, DIFFICULT, DANGEROUS, SCRUPU-
2. fabric (contexttud), mesh, meshwork, LOUS, accurate, DISCRIMINATIVE, ELE-
network; spec, bobbinet, lace. GANT, EXACT, AGREEABLE, MINUTE, CARE-
3. See NETWORK. FUL, SENSITIVE, REPINED, PALATABLE.
netlike, a. retiform (tech.), reticular (tech.), 8. Referring to that which demands or re-
reticulary (rare), reticulose (rare). quires great skill, acumen, or the like, in
netting, n. 1. net (contextual); spec, bob- doing, handling, understanding, etc.: spec.
binet, lace. delicate, subtle or (now rare) subtile, curi-
2. See NETWORK. ous, fine, dainty, discriminating, discrim-
network, n. Referring to inierlacing lines inative.
or filaments of any kind: net, netting, Antonyms: see crude, gross.
reticulation (tech!), reticulum (chiefly niceness, n. 1. As a general equiv.: nicety
spec), meshwork (rare), mesh (chiefly (a term more suggestive than niceness" of
fig.); spec, cobweb, plexus or (less com- what is specific: and concrete).
mon) plexure, fret. 2. Spec, fastidiousness, particularity, fine-
neural, nerve (the noun used aitrihu-
a. ness, difficulty, scrupulousness, accuracy,
tively), nerval (rare). discrimination, elegance, exactness, agree-
neuter, n. 1. See neutral. ableness, minuteness, carefulness, sensi-
2. Referring to bees, etc.: worker, neutral tiveness, refinement.
(rare). S. delicacy, subtlety or (now rare) sub-
neutral, a. neuter (less usual than "neu- tilty, subtleness or (rum rare) subtile-
tral"); spec, indifferent, colorless (often ness, curiousness, fineness, finesse, dainti-
fig.), inert. ness.
neutralize, v. t. Spec, negative, drown, Antonyms: crudity (c/. CRwa), grossness
cancel, offset; see defeat, counteract, (cf.gross).
DESTROY, OVERPOWER. nicety, n. 1. See niceness.
never, adv. ne'er (poetic), on, or at, the 2. In the sense of a thing thai is nice: spec.
Greek calends (the Greeks had no dates subtlet)^ or (nou) rare) subtilty, refinement,
called "calends"). distinction, elegance, delicacy, accuracy,
Antonym,s: see alwats, sometime, discrimination, etc.
SOON, SOMETIMES. Antonyms: see crudity.
new, a. unusual (contextual), novel; spec. niche, n. recess; spec, tabernacle, fenes-
recent, original, newfangled, brand-new, tella, kiblah.
unheard-of, up-to-date (colhq.), fin-de- nickname, n. name (contextual); spec, by-
sifecle (French), modem. word, hypocorism (rare).
Antonyms: see old, shabby, ancient, niggard, n. curmudgeon (esp. with "old";
OBSOLETE, IMITATED. contemptuous), skini9int (contemptuous),
newoomer, n. comeling (archaic), new- churl, carl (Scot.), nipper (rare), pincher
come (rare); spec, arrival, tenderfoot (eolloq.), hunks (eolloq.; contemptuous),
(slang or eolloq.), jackaroo (Australia), money-grub (slang), pinchpenny (obs. or
new chum (eolloq., Atistralia), recruit. dial.); spec, miser.

I^° Cross references: see Note. nether: lower. nib: beak, point.
nestle, lodge, tnugolt.
v. i.: vi^, nettle, v. t.: irritate. nibble: bite,
nestle, lodge.
v. t.: neuter, a.: neutral, asexual, nick, n.: notch, cut, break,
nestling: bird. barren, nickname, v, t,: name,
neator: old man, cour^9elor. newfangled: modem, new, niece: relative, bastard,
net, a.: dear, next, a.: nearest, immediate, niggardly: sting]/.
net, V. t,: dear, gain, next, adv,: tmmediately, nigh, adv.: about.
net, V. I.; catch. nexus: bond. nigh, prep, cfi a.: near.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

20 293
 .

NIGHT
AnUmyms: see spendthrift, wastek. 8.Referring to the quality or state: noble-
night, n. 1. nighttime, nighttide {poetic or ness,noblesse (French), peerage, peer-
archaic) dom (rare), gentihty (now chiefly depre-
Antonyms: see dat. ciatory); spec, lordliness, kingliness, etc.
2. See DARKNESS, SUNSET. Antonyms: baseness (cf. base), meanness
nightclothes, n. pi. mean).
night gear {archaic), (cf.
nightdress (chiefly spec.); spec, night- noble, a. 1. See dignified, elevated,
gown, nighty (a nursery orfamiliar term), GENEROUS, grand.
night robe {digniflM for "nightgown"), 2. aristocratic, gentle (now used as includ-
nightshirt, bedgown (rare). ing the well-bom who are not of noble rank),
nightingale, n. Philomel or Philomela genteel (an equiv. of "gentle" and now ar-
(poetic), nightbird (contexttial); spec, bul- chaic, exc. as broadly applied sarcastically
bul. to people of quality in general), nobiliary
nightly, a. 1. nocturnal (more learned or (rare), generous (now rare), gentilitial
technical than "nightly"), night (the noun (rare); spec, patrician, lordly, lordlike
used attrihvMvely). (rare), kingly, princely, regal, royal, cide-
2. See DARK. vant (French; literary).
nightmare, n. 1. iSee HORROB. Antonyms: see vulgar, babe, plebeian,
2. dream, incubus
(rruyre learned than LOWLY, mean.
"nightmare"), ephialtes (rare), night hag noble, 71. well-bom, aristocrat, nobleman,
(rare). patrician (mig. spec, only), noblewoman
night piece, night scene, nocturne (tech. (fern.), peer or (fern.) peeress (spec in the
or learned). United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
nimble, o. 1. active (contextual), lively, land), illustrissimo (Italian); spec, duke,
agUe (often spec), light; spec, lightsome, marquis, earl, viscoimt, baron or (Jem.)
quick, ready, tripping, light-heeled, Ught- baroness, baronet, count or (fern.) coim-
foot, light-footed, Ught-limbed, alert. tess. Junker, Herzog, thane, daimio, wild-
Antonyms: see slitqqish. grave,starost, douzepers (pi.; obs. or
2. Referring mind: see beady.
to the hist), fidalgo, hidalgo, nawab, atheUng.
nine, a. novenary (rare); spec, ninefold, Antonyms: see plebeian.
nonary. nobody, n. 1. no man (a more definite
nine, n. As naming a group of nine: nov- term), nix (slang), none (often used as sing.,
enary (rare), nonary (rare), ennead (usur also as a plural).
ally spec). Antonyms: see someone.
nine-faced, a. enneahedral (tech.). 2. nonentity, cipher (fig.), lay figure,
nipper, n. 1. claw. nought (an eguiv. of "cipher"), nothing,
2. Chiefly in pi.: spec, pliers (pZ.), pincers insignificant (rare), obscurity (rare).
(pi.), pinchers (pi.), lorceps (pf.), te- Antonyms: see personage, magnate.
ifaculum. nocturnal, a. nightly: spec, (of birds, in-
nipple, n, 1. mamilla (tech.), teat (noiD re- sects, etc.) solifugous (tech.).
ferring to the nipple of a quadruped, exc. Antonyms: see daily.
dioledaUy or contemptuously of the nipple noise, n. sound (contextual); spec, report,
of a woman), tit (jumi chiefly dial, or vul- clamor, din, clash,' clatter, rattle, crash,
gar), dug (now only in reference to animals; hubbub, garboU (an archaic equiv. of "hub-
exc. contemptuously in reference to women), bub"), pandemonium, clutter (chiefly
pap (chiefly literary and somewhat ar- archaic or dial.), coil (archaic or dial.),
chaic), papilla (rare). racket, hullabaloo, hubbuboo (rare), clam,
2. <See PROTUBEBANCE bruit (archaic), gabblement, clack, cater-
nipple-shaped, a. mamilliform (tech.); wauling, chirm, brawling, grating, hum,
spec, papilliform. outcby.
jingle; see
nobility, n. 1. See dignity, qenebositt, Antonyms: see calm, silence.
GRANDBUB. noisy, a. sounding (contextual), loud,
2. aristocracy, gentility (now chiefly de- noiseful (rare); spec, dinsome (Scot.),
predatory), noblesse (French), classes fremescent (rare), pandemoniacal, rack-
(pi.), patriciate, peerdom, peerage; spec. ety; see clamorous, uproarious, bois-
baronage, dukedom, earldom. terous.
Antonyms: plebeianism (cf. plebeian), Antonyms: see silent.
lowliness (cf. lowly); see people. no-lioense, a. dry (colloq. or political slang).
t^' Cross references: see Note. nip, V. & n.; drink. nobleness: dignity, nobility.
nightfall: suTiaet. nip, V. t.: squeeze, clip, bite. noise, V. t,: advertize, report.
nimbus: glory, cloud. blight. noiseless: silent,
nincompoop: blockhead, sim- nip, n,; squeeze, clip, bite. noisome: harmful, foul, itl-
pleton, clown. niz: fairy, goblin. smelling.

tCS" See Notes of Explanation.

294
 NOTABLE
nominal, a. name (the noun used atlribu- nook, 71. Spec nooklet, byplace; see an-
tively), titular; spec. cognominaL gle, inlet.
nominate, v. t. 1. See appoint. noon, n. 1. midday, noonday (rather more
2. propose, name (o less formal term), pro- definite and formm than "noon"), noon-
pound (now U. S. and ecd.); spec, present, tide (literary), midnoon (literary; strictly
postulate. considered, pleonastic).
nominee, n. Spec, appointee, postulate, Antonyms:
see midnight.
presentee. See HEIGHT. 2.
none, pron. not any, not one. noon, a. midday, noonday, meridional
ArUanyms: see all. '
(rare), meridian (rare).
nonentity, n. 1. See nonexistence, no- noose, n. Spec, bewet or bewit, hitch.
body. normal, a. 1. ordinary, natural; see aver-
9. negation, nothing, nonexistence, non- age.
existent (rare). Antonyms: see abnormal, monstrous,
nonexistence, n. nonentity, non-being preternatural.
(rare), no-being (rare), inexistence (rare), S. See perpendicular.
nothingness, not-being (rare), nihility north, n. 1. septentrion (literary), north-
(rare), nihilism (chiefly spec), nullity ward or (rare) norward.
(chiefly spec), non esse (a philosophic^ Antonyms: see south.
term). 2. northland or (rare) norland.
Antonym,s: see being. northern, a. north (less narrow in meaning
nonexistent, a. inexistent (rare), null than "northern"), northerly (less definite
(chiefly spec), minus (colloq.); spec, (pred- than "northern"), septentrional (literary),
icatively, as used offlre, etc) out. boreal or (rare) borean (runv chiefiy used in
Antonyms: see existent, being. fcoi.onizodi.), high, northemly (rare); spec.
nonezploslve, a. inexplosive (rare), inert. northward or (rare) norward, northwardly
nonplus, V. t. stop (contextual), confound, (less definite than "northward"), hyper-
get (slang), gravel, pose, floor, beat (cot- borean (learned or literary), arctic, polar.
ground (ohs. or rare); see perplex.
log.), Ardonyms: see southern.
Antonyms: see enlighten. ,
northman, n. hyperborean (learned or
nonsense, n. Spec drivel, slaver (a less tech.); spec. Norwegian, Norse, Norsk,
refined term for drivel"), twaddle, balder- Norseman.
dash, trumpery, rubbish, claptrap (slang northward, adv. norward (rare), north or
or colloq.), froth, trash (an equiv. of "rub- (less definite) northerly; spec, northward-
bish," but a weaker term), mmflam ly, poleward, polewards, up (chiefly in "up
(slang), fee-faw-fum, flummery, bosh (con- north").
Umptuous), fudge (a less emphatic equiv. north wind, wind (contextual), norther,
of bosh"), stuff (contemptu,ous), fooling, north (chiefly poetic), Boreas (poetic).
Imsey woolsey (fig.), havers (pi.; Scot!), nose, n. 1. snout (as referring to man, corir-
shenanigan (slang), rigmarole, riddlema- temvtvmis), nese (Scot.), smeller (slang),
ree, gammon (colloq. or slang), rot (vulgar proboscis (humorous or spec; suggesting
slang, or very contemptuous), brimborion esp. a long nose), beak (fig.; humorous),
(French), flapdoodle (colloq.; contemptu- neb (rare or Scot.).
ous), stultiloquy (rare). 2. See SMELL.
nonsense! bosh! (slang or colloq.), toUy- nostril, n. nosehole (chiefly dial.), tunnel
vallyl (obs. or rare), fudge! (coMog.), tut!, (rare), nare (archaic, exc as a hawk), nares
tushi, fiddlededee!, fiddlesticks!, rubbish!, (Latin, pi.; anat.), breather (slang); spec
etc. blowhole, spiracle (tech.).
nonsensical, a. meaningless; see absurd. nosy, a. snouty (vulgar).
nonsensicalness, n. nonsense, no-mean- notable, a. noticeable, remarkable; spec.
ing (rare); spec, absurdity. noteworthy, prominent, observable; see
nonvocal, a. silent, mute, surd, voiceless. conspicuous.

1^" Cross references: see Note. noncommittal: careful. nonpareil, a.; unequaled.
nomad, n.: wanderer. noncompUant: disobedient, nonpareil, n.: paragon,
Bomadio, nomad, a.: tvander- nonoontormlst: disaenter, nonplus, n.: stop, predica-
ing. schismatic. ment.
Bomenolatuie: name, iut, nondescript: indefiniie. nonxesistant: passive, yitld-
terminology. nonemployment: disuse, idle- 17117.

nominaUsm: realiem. ness. noose, loop, catch.

V. t.:
nonaooeptanoe: declination. nonessential: accidental. norm: standard, pattern.
nonoe, n.; use. nonesucb: paragon. normal, n.; average.
nonoe, a.; occasional. nonhuman: unkuman. nosegay: bouquet.
nonchalant: careless, indiffer- nonjiiring: dissentient, eehis- nostrum: remedy.
ent. matic. notable: celebrity.

tS" See Notes ol Explanation.

295
 . .

NOTARY
notary, n. scrivener {phsolesceni), greflfler ment (chiefly spec), notification (chiefly
(Eng.; chiefly spec); spec, prothonotary spec); spec sign, placard, program, play-
or protonotary. bill, poster, warning, advice, announce-
notation, n. symbolology; spec, ohorog- ment.
raphy (rare), graphology. noticeable, a. perceivable, perceptible,
notch, n. 1. indentation (contextual); spec. observable, striking, etc.; see notable,
nick, crena, gap, nock, dent, gain, score, cut. CONSPICUOUS.
Avionyms: see projection, tooth. Antonyms: see unnoticeable.
S. See PASS. notoriety, n. 1. notoriousness, proverbial-
notch, V. t. Spec, crenate (rare), mill, ness, esclandre (French).
score, nock, nick. Antonyms: see obscurity; cf. unknown.
notched, a. dentate; spec, nicked, crenu- 2. See flagrancy.
late, gapped, emarginate (rare or tech.), notwithstanding, prep, despite.
crenate, scalloped. noun, n. term (coritextv/il) name (chiefly ,

note, n. 1. In music: spec, semibreve, spec), substantive.

minim, crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, nourish, v. t. 1. nurture (more literary than
demisemiquaver, hemidemisemiquaver, "nourish"), nutrify (rare); spec, co-
pedal. nourish, feed.
2. sound(contextual); spec, strain, toot, Antonyms: see starve.
pipe, peek, mote or moot (archaic); see 2. See POSTER.
CALL, TONE. nourishing, a. nutritious, nutrient (a
note, n. 1. Spec, jotting; see memoran- more learned or tech. equiv. for "nourish-
dum, ANNOTATION, ABSTRACT. ing" and "nutritious"), nutritive; spec.
2. See SIGN, LETTER, DISTINCTION, FAME. eutrophic (rare), foodful (rare and chiefly
note, V. t, 1. See notice, mention. poetic), substantial, sustentative (rare),
2. Spec, record, jot, dot (less usual equiv. hearty, polytrophic (very nourishing; rare)
of "jot").. Antonyms: see innutbitious.
notebook, n. Spec, sketchbook. novice, n. 1. In the religious sense: spec.
nothing, 71. 1. As implying the absence of probationer, neophyte, novitiate, initiate,
anything whatever: nought (literary), chela (Angh-Indian)
naught (archaic), nil (used predicatively), 2. In the general sense: beginner, tyro;
nix (slang), zero. spec neophyte (learned or literary), ini-
Antonyms: see thing, much. tiate, debutant (French; masc), debu-
2. See NONENTITY, NOBODY, CIPHER. tante (French; fern.), entrant, greenhorn,
nothingness, n. nullity. greeny (slang or colloq.), greenhead (obs.),
notice, v. t. 1. perceive, animadvert (rare), greener (slang), gosling (colloq.), fresh-
observe (more formal than "notice"), mark man, kid (sporting or criminal cant), puny
(now poetic or rare as a mere synonym of (Eng.), youngling, colt (colloq. or slang),
"notice"), remark, heed, regard, reck (a newcomer, apprentice.
literary equiv. of "heed"), note (more em^ Antonyms: see expert.
photic than "notice"), hear (fig. or spec), now, adv. 1. In the present time: spec, here,
see (fig. or spec), feel (fig. or spec), mind. presently (obs., Scot., or dial.), yet, to-day.
Antonyms: see ignore, miss. Antonyms: see before, hereafter,
2. Referring to treatment of a person: rec- AFTERWARDS.
ognize, acknowledge, see; spec, patronize. 2. See IMMEDIATELY.
8. See mention, advertize. noway, adv. noways (the usual form), no-
notice, n. 1. perception, cognizance (tech. wise (more formal, or flavoring of archaism)
or learned), observation, remark (rare), nohow (dial.).
mark (rare), note, animadversion (rare), nowhere, adv. nowhither (nowhere in di-
advertence (rare); spec, heed, regard, rection).
sight, hearing, feeling, touch. Antonyms: see somewhere, every-
2. See information, mention, attention, where.
CARE, ANNOUNCEMENT, ADVBBTIZEMENT. nowhere, n. dreamland (fig.).
3. Referring to the thing embodying an act nullity, V. t. Spec, abohsh, negative (rare),
of information or notification: advertize- negate, null (rare), irritate (Roman and

fW Cross references: see Note. uous, flagrant, [though. nude: naked, bare.
noted: distinguished, famous. notwithstanding, conj.: al- nudge: push.
noteworthy: notable, consider- nought: cipher, nothing. nugatory: invalid, trivial.
able. novel: new. nugget: lump.
notify: inform, announce, warn. noxious: harmful, catching, nuisance: annoyance.
notion: idea, caprice, opinion, deadly. null: invalid, trifling, nonex-
fancy. nozzle: spout. istent.
notorious: w6ll-known,con8pic- nucleus: center. nullity: invalidity, nothingness.

iS' See Notes of Explanation.

296
 OBEY
Ciml law), cancel; see invalidate, an- nympb, n. n}rmphid (rare); spec.
nihilate, DESTROY, COUNTERACT. NeUher nymphlet, dryad, oread, oceaned, naiad,
"neutralize" nor "defeat" is a close syno- masnad, hamadryad, hydriad (rare),
nym of "nullify." nepheliad (a modem formation), nais (the
Antonyms: see create. Greek form for "naid"; pi. "naides"),
numb, a. 1. insensible (contextv^), be- ephydriad (rare), lemniad (an erroneous
numbed, deadened; spec, asleep, dun. modem formation), poliad (a modem nonce
Antonyms: see sensitive. word). Daphne, Clytie, Caljrpso, Callisto,
2. See DULL, a. Hesi)erides (pi.), Hyades (pi.), Echo,
numb, V. t. 1. benumb, deaden; spec. dull. houri, nixie.
Antonyms: see stimulate, rouse. nymphal, a. nymphish, njrmphean,
2. See DULL. nymphic, nymphical or nymphine (rare).
number, n. Spec, total, aggregate, sum,
1.
fraction, mass, tally, tale, quota, quotum
{rare), enumeration, integer, indiction,
radix, prime, folio, census, figurate. oar, n. Spec, scull, paddle, sweep.
2.See FIGURE, VERSE. oarsman, n. oar (a term smacking a Utile
number, v. t. I. See COMPUTE, CLASS. of cant), rower, bencher (rare); spec.
2. mark (contextual); spec, paginate, page, bowman, stroke.
foliate. oaten, a. arenaceous (tech.); spec. oaty.
numberless, a. innumerous (archaic); oath, n. 1. See invocation, promise.
spec, innumerable, countless. 2. expletive, swear (coUoq.; rare); spec.
Antonyms: see few. curse (the term most suggestive of vulgar
numbness, n. 1. insensibility, sleep, profanity), imprecation, cuss'(f7. S.; slang
deadness; spec, dullness. or colloq.), rapper (chiefly dial.); also
2. See DULLNESS. (obs.) 'swoimds, zounds, zooks, 'sblood,
numeral, a. numerical; spec, numerary. etc.
nun, n. ecclesiastic (contextual), sister, obedience, n. biddableness (rare), obedi-
religieuse (French), vowess (rare), sancti- ency (rare), submission, submissiveness
monial (rare); spec, conventual, cloisterer, (referring to the quality only), compUance,
discalceate, Clare, Gilbertine, etc. compliancy (rare); spec, complaisance,
nurse, n. attendant (contextual), nutrice fulfillment (rare), subservience, obsequi-
(rare), mammy (a child's name of affec- ousness (rare), dutifulness, duteousness,
tion; often spec, in southern U. S.); spec. obeisance, piety (archaic), morigeration
fosterer (rare), foster (archaic), fostress (rare), buxomness (archaic).
(Jem.), rocker (archaic), dry nurse, wet Antonyms: see disobedience.
nurse. Gamp (fig.), parabolanus (rare), obedient, a. biddable (archaic or literary),
nursemaid, bonne (French).
sister, commandable (chiefly spec), submissive,
nursery, n. 1. brattery (contemptuous); compliant; spec, complaisant, subservi-
spec. cr4che (French). ent, dutiful, duteous (an equiv. of "duti-
2. See GARDEN. ful," but less suggestive of the feeling, more
nut, n. Spec, nutlet, mast (a collective of the outward act), obeisant, obsequious
sing.), kernel. (rare as meaning "actually obedient"),
nutrition, n. t. Referring to the act: nour- pious (archaic equiv. of "duteous"),
ishment formal than "nutrition"),
(less morigerous (rare), morigerate (rare), bux-
nouriture nurture (rare); spec, ali-
(rare), om (archaic); see complaisant.
mentation, eutrophy (tech. or rare), dys- Antonyms: see disobedient, obsti-
trophy (tech.). nate, defiant, dictatorial, undutiful.
Antonyms: see famishment. obelisk, n. column (contextual), guglio
2. See FOOD. (Italian), needle (a poptilar name).
nuzzle, V. t. & i. nose (implying merely obey, V. t. hear (obs. or rare), mind, obtem-
action with the nose, while "nuzzle" suggests perate (rare); spec, follow, fulfill. "Heed"
a gentle, often repeated action); see nestle. often verges upon the sense of "obey," be-

references: see Note.

ts' Cross nunnery: convent. nutritious: nourishing, alt-
numb: deaden, dull, nuptial: matrimonial. meniary.
numbering: computation. nuptial: marriage.
numbskull: blockhead. nurse, v. t,: suckle, foster, O
numerable: computable, cherish, entertain, manage, em- oarlock: rowlock.
numeral: figure. brace. obdurate: wicked, obstinate,
numerate: compute. nursemaid: nurse. unfeeling, unyielding.
numerical: numeral. nurture: nutrition, food. obeisance: deference, obedience,
numerous: many. nutate: droop, vibrate. bow.
numerousness: mtdtitude. nutrient: nourishing. obeisant: deferential, obedient.
nunolo: diplomatic agent. nutriment: nutrition, food. obese: fat.

IW See Notes of Explanation.

297
 OBEY
cause one who heeds a command naturally obliging, a. Spec, kind, considerate, ac-
obeys it. commodating, clever (colloq.) serviceable
,

Antonyms: see disobey, deft. (rare); see complaisant.

obey, V. i. comply, conform, yield. Antonyms: see obstinate.
Antonyms: see disobey, bbfuse. obliquely, adv. sideways, sideway, side-
obituary, n. 1. obit (rare). long, askance, askant, slantwise, slant;
3. See NECROLOGY. see INCLINED.
object, n. 1. In reference to what is, or may Antonyms: see vertically.
be, perceived by the physical senses: thing; oblong, a. elongate.
spec, individuality (rare), individual, per- obscuration, n. 1. tSee darkening, riding.
cept, something, particular. 2. Spec, camouflage, clouding, shrouding,
2. The thing to the achievemeni of which ef- disguising, obscurement (rare), shading
forts, intentions, or feelings are directed: (rare), obnubilation (rare), obfuscation
aim, intention, intent (obs., exc. in "to all (rare), glossing, etc.
intents and purposes"), purpose, butt obscure, a. 1. See DARK, hidden, ques-
end, mark (an equiv. of aim");
(literary), tionable, PERPLEXING, INDISTINCT, IN-
spec, study, view, thought, effort, objec- DEFINITE, DULL.
tive, destination, goal, errand, quarry. 2. Referring to persons having no fame nor
object, V. i. Spec, demur, except, boggle, notoriety: spec, humble, unknown, name-
challenge, kick (colloq.), spurn, repugn less, unsung (literary)^ inglorious (now
(rare), reluct (rare), protest, remonstrate. rare), recondite (rare), inconspicuous, un-
Antonyms: see agree. distinguished, uncelebrated, unnoticed,
objection, n. Referring to the act: spec.
1. fameless, etc. See lowly.
demur, exception, boggle, challenge, kick Antonyms: see distinguished, famous,
(coUoq.), objectation (rare), drawback, CONSPICUOUS.
protest, protiestation, remonstrance. obscure, v. t. 1. See darken, hide.
Antonyms: see agreement. 2. Referring to a making vague to the un^
2. Referring to the thing offered by way of derstanding or unintelligible: spec, cloud,
objecting: spec, exception, kick (colloq.), shroud, disguise, shade (rare), gloss, be-
boggle (rare), demurrer, dislike, difficulty, cloud (irdensive for "cloud"), befog (in-
fear, etc. tensive), bemist (intensive), obfuscate
objectionable, a. objectable (rare); spec. (rare), nubilate or obnubilate (rare; equiv.
harmful, exceptionable, censurable, culp- of "cloud").
able, horrid (a weak colloquialism). Antonyms: see explain, indicate.
objective, a. external, subjective (the use of obscurity, n. Spec, humbleness, name-
medieval philosophy); see material. lessness. Cf. obscure, a.
Antonyms: see subjective. Antonyms: see fame.
obligation, n. 1. Referring to the act of ob- obsequious, a. servile; spec, abject, cring-
ligating: see binding, compulsion. ing, fawning, compliant, truckling, syco-
2. Referring to orally or mentally constrain- phantic, sycophantish (rare), pickthank
ing force: spec, bond, tie, sanction, obstric- (archaic), parasitic (rare; equiv. of "syco-
tion (rare), incumbency
(rare); see duty. phantic"), supple, subservient.
Antonyms: privilege.
see Antonyms: see arrogant, impudent,
3. Referring to something to he done or for- self-important, self-satisfied, self-
borne: spec, burden, debt, Uability; see assertive, domineering.
DUTY. observance, n. 1. See attention, cere-
4. Referring to the state of being obligated: mony, FORM.
spec, indebtedness, indebtedment (rare). 2. observation (rare), holding, keeping;
5. Referring to that by which obligation is spec, celebration, solemnization, sanctin-
created: spec, agreement, bond, chiro- cation.
graph, contract, mortgage, hypotheca- Antonyms: see disregard.
tion, pledge, etc. observe, v. t. 1. See notice, comment.
oblige, V. t. t. See bind, compel. 2. hold, keep, respect (contextiud); spec.
2. Spec, accommodate, convenience, fa- follow, celebrate, solemnize, sanctify, hal-
vor, gratify, please. low, solemn (rare).

t^^ Cross references: see Note. obliged: hound, compelled. obloquy: abuse, discredit.'
obituary: necrological. oblique: inclined, indirect^ un- obnoxious: liable, offensive.
objurgation: censure. fair. obscene: indecent.
oblate: flattened. obliquity: inclinationt error, obsequies: burial.
oblation: gift. fault. observable: noticeable.
obligate; bind. obliterate: efface, cancel, anni- observant: attentive.
obligated: bound. hilate, delete. [ful. observation: notice, commejit.
obligatory: bindinQrCompulsory. obllTious: disregardfvl, forget- observatory: lookout.

t^* See Notes of Explanation.

298
 OCULAR
Antonyms: see disregahd, violate. blockade, engorgement, obturation, en-
obsess, beset {comlextual), besiege {con-
V. t. cumbrance, encumberment, embolism, etc.
textual); spec, haunt. 2. iSee HINDRANCE, OBSTACLE.
obsolesoenoe, n. disappearance {context- obtainable, a. gettable {inelegant), pro-
wd), dying, waning. curable.
obsolescent, a. disappearing {coniextuaL), occasional, a. 1. Of what belongs only to the
dying, waning. occasion: spec, extemporary, extempo-
obsolete, a. disused; spec, discarded, ex- raneous, ephemeral, accidental, nonce.
ploded, demoted {rare or affected), ^aas6 Antonyms: see customary, habitual.
{French), outworn, out-of-date, ancient, 2. See INFREQUENT.
dead, extinct, past. occupant, n. occupier {less formal than
Antonyms: see customaht, recent, new. "occupant"); spec, tenant, roomer, lodger
obstacle, n. obstructionj prevention {chief- {archaic), inmate, transient, interne,
ly fig.); spec, barrage, impediment, snag, terretenant.
ne plus ultra {Latin; learned), rub, block, occupation, n. 1. occupancy; spec, hold-
difficulty, apex {rare), stumbling-block, ing, tenancy, tenure, habitation, inhabita-
baffle. tion.
obstetrics, n. midwifery {a popular term), 2. employment, engagement, employ
tocology {rare). ,
{chiefly in the phrases "in employ" arid
obstinacy, n. obstinateness {esp. of the "out of employ"), conversation {rare or
quality), obstinance or obstinancy {rare); literary), work, engagement.
spec, mtractability, perversity, stubborn- 8. See business.
ness, obduracy, obduratetiess, obduration occupied, a. employed, busy {now spec).
{rare), unyieldingness, contumacy, contu- Antonyms: see indolent.
maciousness, setness, willfulness, self-will, occupy, V. 1. 1. Spec, hold, keep, fill, beset,
doggedness, cantankerousness, asininity, garrison, inhabit, tenant, take {as a build-
mulishness, headstrongness, headiness, ing, a city, etc.).
bullishness, dourness {Scot.), sturdiness, 2. Spec, busy, engage {now chiefly in the
protervity {rare), induration {rare), per- passive), exercise, employ, beset, interest,
vicaoity {rare), hard-heartedness, unfeel- absorb.
ingness, cussedness {colloq.), etc. Antonyms: see vacate, evacuate.
obstinate, a. Spec, intractable, refrac- occur, V. i. 1. be; spec, fall {chiefly with
tory, stubborn, obdurate, unyieldmg, con- "in" or "upon"; archaically used alone or
tumacious, set, willful, self-willed, dogged, with "ovl"), befall {archaic as used alone
stiff-necked, cantankerous {colhq.), asi- or mth "to, "unto," or "upon"; vsvally
nine, mulish, hardened, headstrong or with an indirect object), betide {now only in
{coUoq.) heady, bullish, pig-headed {col- 3d person), arise or {less usually) rise;
loq.), dour {Scot.), sturdy {archaic), per- spec, come, pass, worth {archaic), inter-
sistent, pervicacious {rare), indurate vene, transpire {an erroneous use), super-
{rare), hard-hearted, camelish, unfeeling, vene, eventuate; see happen.
cussed {coUoq.), etc. 2. jSeeBB.
Antonyms: see complaisant, obedient, occurrence, n. 1. Referring to the action of
OBLIGING, MANAGEABLE. taking place: spec, happening, coming,
obstruct, V. t. Spec, block, stop, choke, falling, fall {rare), chancmg, arising, rise,
clog, glut, jam, shut, occlude {chiefly tech. passing, intervention, transpiration {an
or Teamed), hedge, dam, foul, barricade, erroneous use), intercurrence {rare), super-
blockade, engorge, obturate, overgrow, vention, event {now used chiefly in "in the
silt, oppilate (learned), gob {cant), scotch, eoentof").
encumber or cumber. 2. R^erring to what takes place: «pec. hap-
Antonyms: see open. pening, instance, chance, event, occasion,
2. See HINDER. contingency, circumstance, incident, fact,
obstruction, n.l. Referring to the act: spec. phenomenon, prodigy, thing {contextual),
blocking, choking; clog^ng, glutting, jam- eventuality, scene, episode, landmark,
ming, shutting, occlusion {chiefly tech.). memorabilia {pi.).

t^' Cross references: see Note. obtund: dull. occlusion: closure, obstruction,
obstreperous: clamorous. obtuse: stupid. absorption.
obstruotionlst: filibuster. obverse, a.: opposite. occult, V. t.: hide.
obitruotlve, a.: hindering. obverse, n.: face, counterpart. occultatlon: hiding.
obatruotlTef n.; obstacle, hin- obviate: overcome, occupancy: occupation.
drance. obviation: overccming, ocean: sea.
obtain; gain, get. obvious: evident, intelligible. oceanic: marine.
obtalnment: getting. occasion: cause, induce. octave: eighth, eight.
obtrude: intrude. occiput: head. octuple: eightfold.
obtruilon: intrusion. occlude: close, obstruct, absorb. ocular: visual.

W See Notes ot Explanation.

299
 ODD
odd, a. 1. Spec, unmatched, unmated, Antonyms: see pleasure.
peerless, etc. offensive, a. 1. See AGGRESsrvE.
2. See EXTRA. 2. unpleasant, displeasing, ungracious,
8. unusual (contextual), peculiar, funny disagreeable; spec, rank (now chiefly
eccen-
(colloq.), strange, bizarre, singular, spec), obnoxious (chiefly Hilary or
cranky, outr6 (French),
tric, erratic; spec, learned), repugnant, objectionable, iU-
quaint, outlandish, oddish, queer; see favored, mephitic, horrid (colloq., exc. in
FANTASTIC. the now rare or literary sense of "revolting"
Antonyms: see trstrAL, customary, com- or "abominable"), distasteful, unsavory;
monplace. see ILIi-SMELLING, HATEFUL, RBPELLANT,
oddity, n. 1. pecaliarity, oddness, bizar- NAUSEOUS.
rerie (French), singularity, singularness, Antonyms: see agreeable, pleasant,
eccentricity, errationess; spec, crankiness, UNOBJECTIONABLE, INOFFENSIVE.
quaintness, queerness, outlandishness. ofEer, V. t. 1. See sacrifice, propose.

2. Referring to what is odd: quality, fan- 2. Spec, tender, present, proffer (chiefly
tastic, crank, queerity (rare), oddness a literary eqwiv. of "offer" ; more commonly
(rare), gig (Eng.; chiefly Eton slang). in p. p.), prefer (archaic), bid, submit, ad-
Antonyms: see commonplace. vance, volunteer, market, cheap (ohs.).
oddments, n. pi. odds and ends, manav- Antonyms: see refuse, demand.
ihns (slang); spec, remnants, scraps, lit- ofler, n. 1. See tender, sacrifice, pro-
ter (sing.). posal, ENDEAVOR.
ode, n. poem (contextiuil); spec, monody, 2. Spec, presentation, presentment (rare),
genethliacon (rare), triumph, pro-ode, proffer (chiefly literary), bid, submission,
odelet (colloq.), epicedium, epinicion, pa^ advance, overture, eirenicon (rare), ulti-
rode, palinode (rare), Olympionic (rare). matum, motion.
odorous, a. odoriferous (usually spec; Antonyms: see demand.
often humorous), odorant (rare), odorate office, n. 1. See service, position, form,
(rare); spec, redolent (chiefly used with CEREMONY.
"of" or "with"), opulent (rare), enodic 2. Spec, duty, business, function, part.
(rare), rich, savory, smelly (colloq.), stink- 3. place (contextual); spec, headquarters,
ing, stenchy (rare), putrid, mephitic, bureau, branch, countinghouse (obsoles-
olent (rare), odoriferant, aromatic. Cf. cent), department, legation, room, suite.
SMELL. officeholder, n. placeman (chiefly derogcb-
Antonyms: see inodoroits. tory).
oestrus, n. 1. See frenzy. office- monger, n. barrator, simoniac
2. Referring to sexual appetite: heat, rut, (ec^l.), simonist (eccl.).
rage, passion. officer, n. office bearer, officiary (rare);
oBal, n. 1. Refuse parts in dressing an ani- spec, official, Dogberry (fig.), bureaucrat.
mal: garbage (now literary), cagmag official, a. functional, functionary (rare);
(dial.); spec. slumguUion (U. S.). spec, authoritative, public, curule; see
2. See REFUSE, DREGS. formal.
oSend, displease; spec, affront, spite,
v. t. Antonyms: see private, informal.
pique, hurt, huff (chiefly in the passive; officialism, n. bureaucratism, officiaUty
coUoq.), grate, misUke (literary), miif (rore) red-tapeism, functionaryism (rare);
,

(colloq.). spec, beadledom, Bumbledom (rare).

Antonyms: see please. cathedra (Latin).
officially, adv. ex
oSense, oflence, n. 1. See transgres- oSspring, n. 1. Referring to one individual:
sion, attack. birth (archaic); spec, bairn (Scot., dial.
2. Referring to the act of giving offense to a Eng., or rare), bantMng (now chiefly depre-
person: offending, displeasing, affront, ciatory), branch (obs. or humorous), brat-
affronting, etc. hng or bratchet (contemptuous), descend-
8. Referring to the state or feeling of one of- ant, imp (archaic; esp. in "imp of the
fended: displeasure; spec, pique, hurt, Devil"), cadet, year-old or yearhng, bed
huff (colloq.), miff (colloq.), umbrage, (fig.), oUve branch or oUve (fi.g., and now
snuff (archaic), displicence (rare), dis- humorous), chit (colloq.), brat (more or
placency (rare). less contemptuous), sprig (often slightly

iW Cross references: see Note. offer: offish: dtsiant.

odds: difference, ad-aaviage. offering: sacrifice, gift. offscourings; dregs.
odious: disgusting, hatefvl. offliand: extemporaneous, offset, V. t.: neutralize, counter-
odium: hatred. abrupt, careless. poise, hranch.
odor: smell. officiate: act. offset, 71.; start, branch, counter-
offend: transgress, sin.' officious: meddlesome. poise, ornament.
offender: transgressor, sinner. offing: sea.^distance. offshoot: hranch.

K^^ See Notes of Explanation.

300
 ON
disparaging), slip, scion (JMerary); see the time when it existed: spec, ancient, old-
CHILD, LAMB, KID, COUT, CALF, CUB, CHICK. en (literary or archaic), elder, aged, senile,
Anionyms: see parent. eldern (archaic), primitive (often depreci-
2. Referring to a single individwd or col- atory), pristine (the commendatory equiv. of
lectively to two or more: product (context- "primitive"), primeval.
lud), progeny (more formal than "off- Antonyms: see new.
spring ), issue (chiefly legal), generation, oldest, a. Superl. of old: spec, eldest,
increase (chiefly collective as to animals; firstborn. i

poetical as to a single human offspring), old-fashioned, a. old, old-fangled (rare;

race (chiefly poetic), seed (chiefly Bib.), depredatory), antique; spec, antiquated,
get (now only of animals), produce (rare; archaic, fusty, primitive, fogyish or fogey-
esp. of animals), hatch, pullulation (rare), ish, obsolete.
progeniture (rare), spawn (chiefly a col- Antonyms: see nbw-pashioned, stylish.
lective; contemptuous). old man. graybeard (often contemptuous),
Antonyms: see ancestor, parent. grandsire (fig. and archaic), gray head,
8. Referring to two or more (usually) ani- hoarhead (rare or literary), cuff (contemp-
mal young: brood (now somewhat con- tuous; chiefly used with "old"), grisard
iemptvaus as used of human offspring), (rare); spec, patriarch, Nestor (fig.),
litter (sometimes contemptuously used of doyen.
human tuiins, triplets, etc.), fry (of small Antonyms: see youth.
offspring or contemptuously of young or in- old woman, beldame (spec, or obsolescent);
significant creatures); see children. spec, patriarchess (rare), oldwife, luckie
Anionyms: see parent. (Scot.), gammer (rural Eng.), grimalkin,
often, adv. frequently (more formal and grannam (obs. or dial.), granny (familiar
somewhat more emphatic than "often"), or endearing or often contemptuous),
oft (archaic or poetic), oftentimes (chiefly grandam (archaic).
literary), ofttimes (archaic or poetic), of li- omission, n. 1. Spec, pretention, preter-
ly (rare)\ "Repeatedly," "recurrently'' mission, skip, exception, exclusion, elim-
etc., are synonyms of "often" if the repeti- ination, apocope, ellipsis, apostrophe,
tions or recurrences come near enough to- elision, hpography, metemptosis; see
gether. EXCEPTION.
Antonyms: see infrequently. Antonyms: see inclusion (c/. include).
2. Thing omitted: out (colloql); spec, par-
oily, a. 1. fatty, lubricious (literary), oleagi-
nous (chiefly tech.), oleose (rare), oleous alipomena (pi.).
(rare); spec, greasy. 3. See FAILURE.
2. Referring to a person's manners or omit, v. t. Spec, pretermit, neglect, skip,
speech: see smooth, unctuous. sUp, spare, hide, except, exchide, miss,
ointment, n. unguent (more tech. than eliminate, drop, pass or (rare) overpass,
"ointment"), unction (rare); spec, olea- overlook, forget, overslaugh, elide, apoco-
men, cerumen, balm, nard, malabathrum pate; see EXCEPT.
(hist.), coUyrium, salve, pomade, poma- Antonyms: see include, bbmembek,
tum. mention.
old, o. 1. Referring to what has existed for a omnibus, n. bus or 'bus (colhq.).
long time: aged (more emphatic than omnipotent, a. all-powerful (more em-
"old"), vetust (rare); spec, ancient, an- phatic than "omnipotent"), almighty
tique (archaic, exc. as meaning "old- (chiefly spec), cunctipotent (rare).
fashioned"), antiquated (rare; referring omnipresent, a. ubiquitous, abroad (corir-
to persons), olden (rare or poetic), eld (ar- textual).
chaic and omniscient, a. aU-knfcwing (simpler and
poetic), early, elder, senior, el-
derly, hoar or (more commonly) hoary, more emphatic than "omniscient").
venerable, dateless, rusty (depreciatory), omnivorous, a. pantophagous (rare),
moss-grown ifig.; chiefly depreciatory or pamphagous (rare).
contemptuous), oldish, crusted (humorous), on, a. "Upon" and "on" are, in general,
primeval, Ogygian C^.), patriarchal, used without distinction, except that "on" is
overold, overaged, gray, gray-headed, cen- commonly used except where demand for
turied, stale, oldest, experienced. greater emphasis, more formality or dignity,
Antonyms: see young, youthful. or euphony leads to the use of "upon" in-
2. Referring to what formerly existed or to

tW Cross references: see Note. L: anoint, smear.

oil, V. Olympian: heavenly.
ogee: molding. old, n.; antiquity. omen: sign.
ogle: gaze. oldness: age. ominous: significant, threaten-
ogre: demon, giant, moneter. olio: medley. ing.

tS" See Notes ol Explanation.

301
 — —

ONCE
one, a. Spec, singular. a first beginning on: spec, broach (orig. to
one-oelled, a. unicellular (chiefly biol.), pierce), tap, uncork.
unilocular (chiefly hot.). Antonyms: see close, stopper.
one-chambered, a. unicamerate (tech.). 4. See BEGIN.
one-colored, a. unicolor or unicolorous open, V. i. 1. <Spec. yawn, ga^ie, expand,
(rare), monochrome; spec, self-colored. split, crack, part, unclose, dehisce.
Aritonyms: see pabtt-colored. 2. See expand, spread, begin.
one-eyed, a. monoculous or (less usimT) open-air, a. al-fresco (chiefly predicative;
monocular (both teamed or tech.), single- teamed), hypcethral or hypethral (rare);
eyed, monophthaJmio (rare). spec, plein-air.
one-footed, a. uniped, monopodous (rare). Antonyms: see indoor.
one-horned, o. umcorneous (rare), monoc- opening, n. 1. hole; spec, perforation,
erous (rare). puncture, gape, gaping, orifice, aperture,
one-layered, a. unilamellate, unilaminar, foramen, gulf, open (rare), rift, breach,
unilaminate; all three tech. or learned. tear, lumen, placket hole, intake, gate,
one-rowed, a. unifarious, uniserial; both fistula, micropyle, drop (U. S.), bole
tech. or learned. (Scot.), interspace, interstice, spiracle,
one-sided, unilateral (more formal or
a. blowhole, bay, pore, port, hatch, machico-
tech. than "one-sided"). lation, loophole, dehiscence, bunghole,
Antonyms: see many-sided. debouch^ (French), crater, hazard, em-
only, alone (postpositive or predicative).
a. brasure, lunette, skylight, scuttle, scup-
onomatopceia, n. echoism (rare), ono- per, cut; see gap, mouth, clearing.
matopoesis (rare). 2. See opportunity, beginning, initial,
onomatopceic, a. onomatopoetic, echoic. clearing, glade.
oozy, a. 1. weepy (colloq. or dial.), spewy. openly, adv. Spec, plainly, frankly, above-
2. See MOIST, MUDDY. board.
opaque, a. 1. opacous (rare), nontranslu- opera glass, lorgnette or (less y,sual) lor-
cent. gnon (both French).
Antonyms: see translucent, tbanspab- operate, v. i. 1. See act, work.
ENT. 2. To take effect: go (slang), work; spec.
2. See DULL, DARK. run.
open, a. 1. ope (archaic or poetic); spec. opinion, n. 1. idea, thought; spec, precon-
patulous (chiefly tech.), patulent (rare), ception, prejudice, judgment, belief, view,
patent (rare), yawning, gaping, wide, notion (more or less depreciatory or apolo-
ajar, agape, unclosed, expanded, etc. getic), mind, dogma, verdict (primarily
Antonyms: see closed. legal), think (colloq.), tenet (primarily re-
2. See UNCONCEALED, exposed, unin- ferring to a religious, political, philosoph-
CLOSED, prank, EVIDENT, INTELLIGIBLE, ical or other doctrine or belief held by a
LIABLE, LOOSE, FREE, ACCESSIBLE, GENER- party, sect, etc.), conceit (obs., exc. in vari-
OUS. ous phrases), doxy (colloq. and usiuilly hu-
open, V. t. 1. ope (archaic or poetic); spec. morous), heterodoxy, orthodoxy, caco-
unclose, reopen, divaricate, expand. doxy, cry, doctrine, apprehension, specu-
Antonyms: see close, shut. lation.
2. Referring to a process of unfastening, as Antonyms: see caprice.
in order to make free for passage, of separat- See consideration, advicb.
2.
ing or spreading apart what is joined, inter- opinionated, a. opinionative, opiniative
locked, rolled up, etc.: undo (emphasizing (rare), opinionate, opinative (rare), opin-
the process more than the result, which ioned (rare); spec, dogmatic, pragmatic
"open" suggests), dup (archaic); spec. or pragmatical, doxastic (hamed and
'
separate, unlock, unclench, unpick, un- rare).
roll, unseal, pick, unclutch, unfold un- Antonyms: see modest.
stop, deobstruct (rare); see disclose. opponent, n. antagonist, adversary (metre
Antonyms: see obstruct. formal than "opponent"), oppugner (rare),
8. Referring to vessels holding liquors, and opposite (rare); spec, withstander, oppo-
hence in fig. uses having the idea of making sition (a collective), oppositionist, counter-

K^^ Cross references: see Note. opacity: dullness.
once, a.: formerly. open, n.: glade, clearing.
onerous: burdeneome. open-eyed: awake, receptive.
onset: attack, motion, move- open-hearted:/ranA;, generotte.
ment, beginning. open-minded: liberal.
onslaught: attack, nuh. opera: drama.
onus: burden. operate: effect, manage,
onwud: forward. duct, exereiee, work.
operation: act, action, conduct,
management, exereiee, move-
ment, agency.
operative, a.: active, effective.
operative, n.: worker.
operose: industrious,
eori- opiate: narcotic.
opine: consider.

t^° See Notes of Explanation.

302
 ORDAINMENT
actant or counteragent (rare), enemy, aversion, antagonism, hostility, antinomy,
con. renitency (rare), inimicalness, opponency
Antonyms: see allt, partner. (rare), oppugnancy (rare).
opportunity, n. chance {chiefly spec); Antonyms: see friendliness.
spec, tum^ occasion, room, space, place, oppress, V. 1. 1. Spec, burden, overburden,
opening, liberty, leisure, scope, show (col- overweigh, crush, bow, nightmare. "De-
hq., U. S), slant {slang), time. press" implies merely that the mind is cast
oppose, V. 1. 1. In the sense of "to place o-p- down, vnthout implying anything as to the
posite, over against, or before physically," cause.
vnthout implying any idea of resistance: 2. press (rare); spec, afflict, aggrieve, load,
present; spec, contrast, confront, front. grind, overpress, overbear, screw, squeeze,
2. In the sense of "to set against {another) gripe, pinch, compress (archaic), grieve,
in opposition": counterpose or oontra- overtax, overburden, rack.
pose (rare); spec, match, oountermatch, Antonyms: «ee encourage.
pit, pitch {rare), measure, play. 8. Spec SWEI/TEK.
8. counter; spec, resist, withstand, meet, oppressed, a. Spec, afflicted, aggrieved,
attack, breast, front, gainstand {archaic), burdened, downtrod or downtrodden,
head, fight {literally and fig.), antagonize, loaded, etc.
oppugn {rare), repugnate {rare), buck oppression, n. Spec, burdening, affliction,
{slang, U. S.), hinder, check, stem, con- tyranny, overbearing, etc. Cf. oppress,
tradict, obstruct, defend, gainsay {lit- v.t.
erary), cross, countervail, contravene, oppressive, a. 1. burdensome, onerous
traverse, counteract, counterplot, coun- (mare literary or learned than "burden-
termine. some"), heavy, hard, grinding, sore; spec.
Antonyms: see advocate, aid. inquisitorial, racking, tyranmcal.
opposed, a. Spec, averse, adverse, oppo- 2. See close (in reference to atmospheric
nent {rare), antagonistic, counter, oppo- conditions).
site, hostile, inimical (a stronger word than option, n. contract, privilege; spec, strad-
"hostile"); see unfriendly, opposinq, dle, spread, put, call.
UNWILLING. optional, a. Spec, facultative, discretion-
Antonyms: see disposed, favorable. ary.
opposing, a. 1. Spec, contrastive. Antonyms: see compulsory.
2. Spec, opposed, repugnant (rare), re- oracular, a. 1. oraculous (rare); spec or
sistant, resistive, oppugnant {rare), ad- fig- Delphian or Delphic, Orphic, Sibyl-
verse, counter, contrary, cross, crossing. line, Pythonic, Dodonaean, or Dodonean,
opposite, a. opponent (rare); spec, antip- Dodonian.
odal, polar, converse, confronting, ob- 2. See hidden, infallible, ambiguous.
verse (rare, exc. spec). oral, a. spoken, vocal, parol (now law
Antonyms: see analogous. only), nuncupative (chiefly of vnUs), nun-
opposite, n. Spec, inverse, converse, anti- cupatory (rare), verbal (are erroneous
pode, counterpoint, counterpole, vis-S/- use)f unwritten (a loose use); spec acroa-
vis (French), counterpart, obverse, con- matic.
trary, contrast. Antonyms: see written.
Antonyms: see analogue. orally, adv. vocally, viva voce (Latin), nun-
opposition, n. 1. Spec, presentation, con- cupatively (chiefly ofunlis).
trariety, contrast. orator, n. speaker (contextucJ), rhetor (now
Antonyms: see analogy. rare).
2. Spec resistance, withstanding, breast- oratorical, a. Spec, or fig. Demosthenian,
ing, meeting, fight, antagonism, oppug- Ciceronian.
nance (rare), confrontation, crossing, op- oratory, n. 1. See eloquence.
pugnation (rare), hindrance, obstruction, 2. proseucha (chiefly a word of antiquon
encounter, defiance, counteragency (rare), rians); spec chapel, cubiculum, crypt.
counterinfluence, contravention, contra- orchard, n. Spec, peachery (rare), orange-
diction, load, friction. ry (rare), grove, pomery (obs.).
Antonyms: see aid, yielding. ordain, v. t. 1. See appoint, decree, des-
>. Referring to the feeling or quality: spec tine.

^?" Cross references; see Note. oppTobrlum: abvse, discredit. orb, V. t: encircle.
opportune: limely. optimistic: hopeful. orbicular: circular spherical.
,

opportunlam: expediency. option: choice. * orbit: circuit.

opportunist, a.: expedient. opulent: weoS^y, rich. [lion. orchestic: dancing.
opportunist, n.; iimeaerver. Oracle: anawer. medium. reveUi' orchestra: band.
opprobrious: dbueive, diacrediU oration: address. ordainment: appointment, de-
orb, n.; baU^ eye, circle. cree, destination.

XS" See Notes of Explanation.

303
 ORDEAL
2. frock, priest {rare), japan (slang). Antonyms: see disorganization.
Antonyms: see degrade. 2. See organism.
order, n.1. See association, rank, class, 3. Spec, machine (chiefly U. S. politics),
DECREE, BIDDING, COURSE, GROUP, METH- system, association, band, army, regi-
OD, arrangement, dictation, DECISION, ment, brigade, clique.
CONDITION, SYSTEM, FORM. organize, v. t. 1. arrange, systematize, sys-
2. In business usage: spec, commission, temize; spec, coordinate, correlate, incor-
draft, bill of exchange or (briefly) bill, porate, embody, structure (rare), brigade,
check. regiment, enregiment (rare), district.
3. Referring to the conduct of society or of a Antonyms: see disorganize.
gathering: orderhness; spec, quiet, obe- 2. See FORM.
dience, regularity, form, discipline. organized, a. organic (less usual), system-
order, v. t. 1. See arrange, bid, appoint, atic, systematized, etc.
classify, decree, destine, manage, orgiastic, a. Spec, corybantic.
control. origin, n. 1. Referring to the act: see be-
2. Referring to the ordering of goods, etc.: ginning, DESCENT.
spec, bespeak, engage. 2. In reference to that from which a thing
orderly, a. 1. Spec, neat, tidy, well-con- springs or arises: beginning (rare; "be-
ducted, well-behaved, shipshape, ataunt ginning" here is to be sharply distinguished
or ataunto, regular, systematic, planned, from "beginning" in the sense of "the first
harmonious, cosmic (rare), settled. part of a thing"), source, fountainhead (an
Antonyms: see unsystematic, disor- equiv. of "source," but more formal), foun-
derly, CONFUSED, untidy. tain (rare), parent (fig.); see cause.
2. See law-abiding. Antonyms: see result.
ordinariness, n. mediocrity (the more original, a. Spec, first, initial, earliest,
usual word); spec, normahty, customari- primary, primitive, pristine, primal (rare),
ness, etc. prime (rare), fontal (literary), primordial,
ordinary, a. Spec, average, medium, mean radical, prototypal or prototypical, arch-
(rare as an adjective, exc. math.), medial etypal (an equiv. of "prototypal"), proto-
(rare equiv. of "medium"), middling plastic or (rare) protopIa.st, aboriginal,
(slightly depreciatory), mediocre (more oldest; see innate, new.
formal than "middling," and more depre- Antonyms: see imitated, commonplace.
ciatory or patronizing), second-rate, sec- original, n. 1. In reference to a thing from
ond-class, giftless, undistinguished; see which another is copied or on which it is
common, normal, usual, customary, patterned: spec, copy, prototype, arche-
commonplace, EVERYDAY. Cf. PAIR. type (an equiv. of "prototype").
Antonyms: see unusual, abnormal, Antonyms: see copy.
special, WONDERFUL. 2. See character.
ore, n. mineral; spec, mine (iron ore), chat, originate, v. t. Spec, begin, start; see in-
float (U. S.), calmine, prUl, shmes (pi.). vent, cause, create.
organ, n. 1. In music: instrument (con- Antonyms: see copy, imitate.
textual); spec, organette, hydraulicon, originate, v. i. begin; see result, arise,
reed organ, regal. Also (referring to PROCEED.
groups cf stops): spec, great organ, choir originative, o. Spec, inceptive, inventive,
organ, swell organ, solo organ, pedal imaginative; see creative, productive.
organ. ornament, n. 1. ornation (rare); spec.
2. Referring to bodily structures: part; decoration or (rare) decorament, adorn-
spec, vitals (pi.), instrument, medium, ment, figure, embellishment, trim, gar-
viscera (pi.), gland, eye, brain,^hand, etc. nish or garnishment, grace, bedizenment,
organic, a. organized. fal-lal, offset or set-off, glory, flourish,
Antonyms: see inorganic. curlie-wurHe or curlywurly, knickknack,
organism, n. organization, system; spec. kick-shaw, gaud, drapery (rare), illumina^
animal, plant. tion, fret, clasp, molding, vermiculation,
'organization, n. 1. arrangement, system- finial,guard (obs. or hist.), filigree, folia-
atization; spec, coordination, incorpora- tion, fringe, gem, jewel, tassel, festoon,
tion, regimentation, economy. flower, inlay, buhl, clock, boss, stud.

K^^ Cross references: see Note. ordinary, n.: meal. orient, n.: east.
ordeal: trial. ordination: appointment, de- orient, a.: eastern.
orderless: disorderly. cree, destination. orient, is. t.: adjust.
orderliness: arrangement. ordnance: artillery. oriental: eastern.
ordinance: arrangement, law, organic: living, constitutional, orientate: adjust.
appointment, destiny, decree, structural, organized. orifice: opening,
ceremony. orgy: rite, carouse, dissipation. originator: cieator.

iW See Notes of Explanation.

304
 OUTCROP
crocket, tambour, plume, tooi, orphrey or foliation or (rare) foliature, frillery, frip-
orfay, rational, border, margm, decaleo- pery, fallalery (rare), trim, brass, inlay,
mania, graffito, topia, crewel, cuspidation, tracery.
sprig, Moresque, fillet, fioritura, frontlet, ornamented, a. Spec, adorned, decorat-
patera, parure, patch, diadem, earring, ed, ornate, decorate (literary or archaic),
motif (French), frog, button, frill, flounce, decked, embellished, etc., ornate, distinct
furbelow, chiffon, piping, chain, leglet, (o Latinism, and chiefly poetic), florid, fine,
bracelet, necklace, labret, etc. figured, figurative (rare), gorgeous, Asiat-
2. See HONOR. ic, fancy, Deplumed (intensive), brocaded,
ornament, v. t. Spec, beautify, adorn, inlaid, inwrought, marbled, storied,
decorate, embellish, garnish {now rhetor- mooned, behung, foliaged, flowered, gem-
ical or with allusion to Matt, xii: 44), grace, my, spangled, crocketed, crotcheted, fret-
deck or (intensive) bedeck, set {contextual), ted, cuspidate, cuspidated.
beautify, bedizen or (Jess usual) dizen, Antonyms: see simple.
daub or {intensive) bedaub, bedight {ar- orphan, a. parentless, twice-bereaved
chaic andpoetic for "bedeck"), prank, trick (contextual and rhetorical); spec, father-
(often used tmth "out"), dress, trim, blazon less, motherless, unmothered.
or emblaze, figure, embroider (rhetorical, orthodox, a. sound; spec, canonical.
exc. of needlework), damascene or (less us- Antonyms: see heretical.
ual) damaskeen, damask (an equiv. of orthodoxy, n. soundness; spec, canonical-
"damascene"), chase or enchase, set, en- ness.
grail, guard, broider (archaic), paint, fur- Antonyms: see herest.
below, foliate, fret, cable, gem or (inten- ossuary, n. charnel house (the more ustud
sive) begem, braid, mold, boss or emboss, term).
mosaic (rare), inlay, instar, trim or (rare) other, a. Spec, else, another, additional;
betrim, bestar, head, work, bejewel or see different.
(rare) enjewel, spangle, tassel or {intent- Antonyms: see same.
sive) betassel, embroider, paper, panel, otherwise, adv. othergates (dial.), or, else-
vermiculate, lestoon, lace, illumine or il- wise, etc.; spec, alias.
luminate, illustrate; gild or (emphatic) Antonyms: see likewise.
engild, enamel, enrmg (rare), befeather out, adv. 1. forth- (stronger and more formal
(intensive), becurl (iritensive) , befur (in- than "out").
tensive), enflower (rare), beflower (rare), Antonyms: see in.
flag, medallion, hatch, branch, impearl or 2. See ALOUD.
(intensive) bepearl, carve, couch, pounce out, n. quondam (obs.), has-been (slang).
(hist.), frieze (rare), hemstitch, mcrust outbreak, n. 1. burst, eruption, outburst
(emphatic), tool, tinsel, pipe, pink, scallop, (intensive for "burst"); spec, round (of ap-
flounce, fringe. plause); see EXPLOSION.
Antonyms: see deface, strip. 2. Referring to the outward exhibition of re-
ornamental, a. ornamentive; spec, adorn- pressed activity, feeling, passion, etc. (the
ing, decorative, fancy, dressy. terms in sense 2 being used also fig.): spec.
ornamentation, n. 1. Referring to the act: storm, flare-up, blaze, roar, outleap, peal,
spec, adornment, decoration, embellish- explosion, volley, flash; see FIT.
ment, garnishment, ornature (rare), em- S. See DISTURBANCE.
broidery or (archaic or poetic) broidery, outcast, n. 1. jSee exile.
frilling, fretting, vermiculation, fohation, 2. Referring to social status: spec, pariah,
tooling, etc. cagot (French; rare), d^classl (French),
2. Referring to ornaments collectively or to Ishinael (fig.), derehct, dregs (pi).
ornamental work: spec, adornment, deco- outcome, n. issue, end, termination, fruit
ration, garnish, work (much used in compo- (fig.), effect, hatch (rare), event, sequel,
sition), embroidery or broider (archaic or upshot, final; see proceeds, result.
poetic, exc. of needlework), pride (archaic), Antonyms: see beginning, source.
bravery (archaic), finery, garniture, trap- outcrop, n. emergence (contextual), bas-
pings (pi.), turnery, cutwork, needlework, set; spec, gossan.

f^ Cross references: see Note. ostensible: apparent. oust: deprive, expel, eject.
orphlo: oractdar, melodious. ostentation: show. ouster: ejection.
orthodox: conventional. ostentatious: showy. out, a.: nonexistent, astray.
orthodoxy: conventionality, ostler: groom. out-and-out: unqualified.
opinion. oatraolsm: expulsion, exdvr outbreak: v. t. ^ i.: burst.
orthography: speUirtg. aion. outburst, n..- outbreak.
oaolUat*: vibrate. ostracize: expel, exclude. outburst, V. i.: burst.
osculate: kias. otiose: indolent, uselees, barren. outcast, a.: abandoned.
osmotio: diffusive. ought, n.: duty. outcrop, n.; emergence.
osseous: bony. ought, n. cipher. outcrop, V. i,: emerge.
19^ See Notes of Explanation.
305
 OUTCRY
outcry, n. noise (contextual), clamor, vocif- muse (now dial.), issue (rare), offlet (rare),
eration or vociferance
(rare) (chiefly emissary (obs. or Roman antiq.), port,
spec.) rumor (archaic), bruit (archaic), porthole, floodgate, sluice, pfcnstock,
exclaim (rare); spec, exclamation, up- escape.
roar, bellow, bawl (chiefly derogatory), Antonyms: see inlet.
dirdum (Scot.), shout, din, ecphonesis, outline, n. 1. contour (chiefly spec.), con-
brawling, scoldikg, etc. torno (Italian), line (usually in pi.,
Antonyms: see calm. "lines"); spec, lineament (often in pi.,
outdate, v. t. Spec, antiquate. "lineaments"), lineation (rare), tournure
outdo, V. t. exceed, overdo (archaic); spec. (French; rare), reUef, sUhouette, profile;
outgo, outwrangle,, outwork, outweep, see BOUNDARY.
outshout, outhowl, outswear, outsee, out- 2. Referring to a drawing of the general
voice, outthunder, outroar, outlie, out- lines of something: deUneation Qess defi-
leap, outjump, outbrave, outbrazen, out- nite but more formal than "outline"); spec.
bray, outdrink, outdare, outcharm, out- sketch, draft, skeleton.
swagger^ outboast, outbluster, out-Hec- 3. Referring to a crude or incomplete state-
tor, outjuggle, outblush, outgive, outeat, ment, which may be elaborated: descrip-
outdress, outshine, etc. tion (contextual); spec, draft, scheme,
outdoor, a. extraforaneous (pedantic). conspectus, sketch, minute, skeleton.
Antonyms: see indoor. outline, V. t. 1. deUneate (contextual);
outdoors, adv. outdoor (used only in com- spec, contour, sketch, crayon, block, pro-
bination, as in "ovidoor-ffrown"). file,skeleton, silhouette.
outface, V. t. face (contextual), outlook, 2. describe (contextual); spec, sketch,
outfront (rare); spec, outstare, outfrown, draft, minute, skeleton, skeletonize (rare).
defy. outmaneuver, v. t outgeneral (primarily
outflow, V. i. outgo, outpour (chiefly poet- mil.); spec, outplan, outplot (rare), out-
ic), flow (contextual); spec, outetream, flank, outjockey.
outwell, ebb. outnumber, v. t. overcount (rare); spec.
outman, outvote.
outflow, n. 1. outgo (conlextuxil), flow (con-
out-of-the-way, a. devious.
textual); spec, effluence, eflSux, effluxion,
outpour, outpouring, eSusion, outgush, outrage, n. I. See injury, inbuilt, abuse.
outrush, escape. 2. Spec, atrocity, enormity.
Antonyms: see incoming. outrageous, a. I. excessive, purple
(fig.;
2. Referring to what flows vut: spec,
ef- literary),great (contextual), rank, precious
fluence, escape, efflux, effluxion, effluvium, (ironical); hence, ivith the underlying idea
issue (rare), effluent, lasher (chiefly local of an extreme that in some way violates
Eng.). propriety: spec, monstrous, egregious,
Antonyms: see inflow. atrocious, black (fig.), heinous, enormous,
outfly, V. t. outsoar, oversoar (rare), over- horrible (often, colloq. in a milder sense),
fly (rare). awful (colloq. or slang), arrant (chiefly a
outgo, n. 1. outgoing; spec, emanation, re- term of abuse or reprobation), ungodly
flux, ebb, sally, sortie; see outflow. (slang), absurd; see flagrant, unrea-
Antonyms: see income. sonable.
2. See expenditube. Antonyms: see moderate, gentle.
outgrowth, n. excrescence or (rare) ex- 2. See abusive.
crescency (now usually an abnormal out- outrigger, n. extension (contextual).; spec.
growth), enation (rare); spec, caruncle, cop (obs. or dial.), float, rave, lade (local
condyloma, apophysis. Eng.), whisker.
outhouse, n. skilling (Eng.); spec. oflSce, outshine, v. t. In literal or figurative use:
outoffice. overshine (rare), eclipse; spec, outbeam
outlaw, n. proscript (formal), wolf's head outflame (rare),
(rare), outluster, outflash,
(tech.), Robin Hood (fi^.). outray (rore), outblaze, outbrave, out-
outlaw, V. t. proscribe (formal). glitter, outdazzle, outsparkle, outglow,
outlet, n. opening (contextual), issue (rare); outglare.
spec, exit (often formal or literary), egress outside, adv. &
prep, without (now becom-
(literary or formal), loophole, meuse or I
ing archaic or formal, esp. as a preposi-

K^" Cross references: see Note. outlay, n. : expenditure, outrank: precede.

outer: exterior. outplay: defeat. outr6: odd.
outfit, 71.: equipment. outpour, V, t: emit. outright, adv.: entirety.
outfit, 0. t.: equip. outpour, n.: outflow. outright, a.: thorough, ufnqualp-
outlandish: foreign, eccentric. output: product. fied, frank.
outlaat: survive. outrage: injure, Ul-ireat, abuse, outrun: outstrip.
outlay, V. t.y expend. insult. outspeak: lutstrip.

W See Notes of Explanation.

306
 OVERPLUS
tion), beyond (.used only to indicate rela- subjection, subjugation, mastery, over-
tion to one within). mastery, overwhelming, exhaustion, ne-
outsider, n. Spec, outlier, nonmember, gotiation, overthrow, etc.; see defeat.
extern, exoteric; see foreigner. overdo, v. t. 1. Spec, overtire, overfatigue,
outsktrt, n. edge; spec, suburb, purlieu overweary, overtax, overta^, overwork,
(archaic); —
all much used in pi. form. overwalk, overdrive, exhaust, drive, over-
outstrip, V. t. pass {contextual); spec, dis- ride, overstrain.
tance, outdistance (emphatic for "dis- 2. Spec, overcarry (a matter, proceedings,
tance"), devance (rare), cote (fig.), out- etc.), overact.
run, overrun (rare), lose, outgo (archaic), 3. See exaggerate.
forespeed (rare), outpace, forereach, fore- overflow, v. 1. 1. Spec.iflood, overflood (rare;
run (rare or fig.), outspeak, outsail, out- emphatic for "flood"), inundate, deluge,
row, outwing, outswim, outstream, out- overrun, overbrim, overboil, overwash
trot, outsoar, outride, outfly, outfoot, (rare), wash, overspill (rare); see fill.
outgallop, outmarch, overfly, outwalk. 2. In the sense of "to cause to he over-
outwelKh, V. t. outbalance or overbalance, flowed": spec, flood, float, flow.
overweigh, outpoise or overpoise (chiefly overflow, v. i. 1. Spec, inundate, exundate
fig.), downweign (rare). (rare), debord (rare), overstream, over-
outwork, n. Spec, outfort, ravelin, re- spill (rare), overwhehn.
doubt, demilune, bawn, etc. 2. Referring to the vessel or other thing that
oven, n. Spec, kiln, dryer, baker (U. S.). is overflowed: spec. swim.
over, adv. &
prep. Spec, above, by, beyond, S. (See ABOUND.
upon, throughout, up, across, etc. overflow, n. 1. Referring to the act; spec.
over, adv. Spec, across, throughout, again. flooding, inundation, deluge.
Also see excbssivblt. 2. Referring to that which overflows: spec.
overbear, v. t. 1. See intimidate, bullt. wash; see flood.
2. overcome; spec, overwhelm, overrule, overhang, v. i. impend (literary or rare);
override, overtop, supersede. spec, beetle, overlean (rare), jut.
overburden, v. t. burden (contextual), sur- Antonyms: see recede.
charge (literary), overweigh. overhang, n. Spec, eaves, overbrow.
overcoat, n. greatcoat, topcoat, wrap- overhanging, a. hanging, pendent or pen-
rascal (Eng.; archaic); spec, spencer, dant.
Raglan, tabard, surtout (formerly not overlap, v. t. ride or override, interlap
spec), ulster, Inverness, pea^-jacket. (rare), imbricate (rare, or tech. and spec).
overoome, v. t. conquer, vanquish; spec. overlapping, a. Spec equitant, imbri-
crush, bow, rout, surmount, obviate, cated.
overpower, overwhelm, prostrate, sub- overlay, v. t. cover (contextual); spec.
due, subject, quell, subjugate, meet, mas- ground, hide, coat, whip, seize, wrap,
ter or (iniensvoe) overmaster, outmaster pave, sand, veneer; see coat, plate,
(rare), overmatch, overthrow, overbear, HIDE.
exhaust, rush, weather, overrule, nego- overlie, v. t. Spec cap, crown, overlap,
tiate (a use easily shading into the collo- override.
guial or slang), superate (rare), overman overload, v. t. overburden, overcharge,
(rare); see confute, defeat, obviate, overweight, overlade (rare); spec, over-
OVERBEAB. freight, overballast.
overcome, a. conquered, vanquished; overloaded, a. overfraught (rare).
spec.
crushed, defeated, heartbroken, broken- overlook, v. t. 1. command, oversee (rare);
hearted, etc. spec, rake, giveupon (a Gallicism).
overcoming, n. conquest, vanquishment; 2. See examine, ignore, excuse, miss,
spec, crushing, surmounting, superation OVERSEE.
(rare), surmountal (rare), defeat, obvia- overlying, a. superincimibent, super-
tion, overpowering, subduing, subdual, jacent (rare).

tsr Cross references: see Note.

 ;

OVERPOWER
overpower, v. t. 1. overcome (contextual), throw, throw (chiefly spec), capsize, up-
force; spec, neutralize, master. set, overset (now rare), overbalance; spec.
2. See DAZZLE. coup (Scot.), culbut (rare), upturn, top-
overrate, v. t. overestimate, overprize, ple, tumble, evert (archaic), cast, fling,
overvalue. overtopple, prostrate, down, overblow.
Antonyms: see undeeratb, undervalue. Antonyms: see balance.
overreach, deceive (coniextital), out-
v. <. 2. In a nonphysical sense: see confute.
wit; spec, outtrick, jockey or {more em- overturn, n. overthrow, capsize, upset,
phatic) outjockey, best (colloq.), circum- overset (rare); spec, overbalance, upturn,
vent, outknave (rare). eversion (archaic), cast, fling, throw, pros-
overreach, v. i. interfere {contextiud) , forge. tration.
overreaching, n. outwittal, overreach overwhelm, v. t. 1. See cover, overflow,
{rare); spec, jockeying, circumvention, OVERCOME.
besting. 2. Referring to immaterial things that are
oversee, overlook (o less usual and less
v. t. heaped or forced upon (something) to ex-
definite word); spec, superintend, super- cess: spec, swamp, deluge, flood, drown,
vise, overseer {rare). oppress.
kill (colloq.),
overseeing, a. supervisory, supervisal overwork, overdo, overlabor, overtofl,
v. t.
{rare); spec, superintendent. overply (rare); spec, overstudy.
overseeing, n. supervision, supervisal; own, a. 1. peculiar (now formal and always
spec, superintendence. implying exclusiveness), german (itsed in
overseer, n. overlooker {rare), boss (slang "brother german," "sister german," etc.),
or cant), supervisor, surveyor (rare); spec. private.
superintendent, superintender, foreman, 2. See APPROPRIATE.
forewoman (Jem,.), driver, intendant, own, V. t. 1. have, possess (more formal),
manager, maistry (Indian), censor, floor- hold (often spec).
walker, matron, ganger, provost, reeve, 2. See ACKNOWLEDGE.
tackier, boatswain, provedore, provedi- owner, n. holder, proprietor (more formal
tore (Italian). and, in business, more usual), proprietress
overshoe, n. Spec, galosh (chiefly British), (fern, equiv. of "proprietor"); spec, bearer,
rubber, gum (chiefly local and colloq.; usu- occupant, master, lord (rhetorical, or a
ally in pi.), patten, India-rubber (obso- term of feudalism), esquire.
lescent), arctic (U. S.). ownership, n. possession, property, pos-
oversight, n. 1. care (contextual), super- sessorship, proprietorship, proprietary
vision, supervisal (rare); spec, super- (rare); spec hand, dominion, title.
intendence, intendance, management, owning, a. proprietary, possessory.
superintendency, censorship. ox, n. beef, bullock (now always an ox;
2. <SeeMiss. formerly a young bull); spec, stot, steer.
overspread, v. t. cover (contextual), spread; oshead, n. Spec, bucrane or bucranium.
spec, overcome (rare), mantle or (em- oxidation, n. oxygenation (chiefly spec),
phatic) overmantle, immantle (rare), oxidization; spec, eremacausis, combus-
overcast, lay, film, suffuse, perfuse (rare), tion.
dip (rare), bespread (emphatic), pall, oxidize, V. t. oxidate, oxygenate (chiefly
whelm, smear. spec), oxygenize (rare); see rust, burn.
overspreading, n. Spec, suffusion (rare),
mantUng.
overstay, v. t. outstay.
oversupply, v. t. overstock, glut. pace, V. i. 1. See go.
overtake, v. t. catch, overhaul {chiefly 2. amble, rack, single or single-foot
naut.). (U. S.). See GAIT.
overtire, v. t. overdo, overfatigue, over- pachyderm, n. As applied to persons:
weary seeTiRE, we art, overdo, exhaust.
;
thickskin, ironclad, hog-in-armor.
overtire, n. overfatigue, overweariness paciflable, a. pacificatory (rare), appeas-
spec, exhaustion. able, placatory (rare), propitiable, propi-
overturn, v. t. 1. In a physical sense: over- tiatory, placable.
t^^ Crossreferences: see Note. overstrain: strain. ceited.
override: overlie^ overbear. overstretch: strain. overweening: arrogance, con-
overrule: overbear, abrogate. overt: evident, unconcealed. ceit.
overrun: overflow, overthrow, v. t,: overturn, over- overweight: excess.
oversea: foreign. come, abolish, confute. owed: due.
overshadow: darken, clovA. overtire; overdo, exhaust. owing: due, accrued, attributable.
overstatement: exaggeratum. overture: offer.
overstep: cross, exceed. overwatch: watch, guard.
overstock, n.: excess. overweening, a. : arrogant, con- pace, 71.: step, gait, speed.

V^^ See Notes of Explanation.

308
 PALE
padflo, a. 1. pacificatory, peacemaking; ful,pungent, agonizing, poignant, tor-
spec. moUifying, soothing, appeasing, menting, torturous, evil, dololous or
placatory, propitiatory, propitiative, con- dororific (literary; rare), sore, baleful
ciliatory, conciliative, irenical or {less usu- (literary; rare), biting (Jig.); see trouble-
ally) irenic. some.
Antonyms: see vexatious, combative. Antonyms: see pleasant.
2. See PEACEABLE. paint, V. t. 1. depict (contextiud) ; spec.
pacUy, V. t. 1. Spec, mollify, soothe, pla^ limn (literary or archaic), bepaint, image
cate, appease, propitiate, conciliate, pa^ (contextual), daub, grain, fresco, wash,
cificate (rare), satiny, content. raddle or reddle, pencil (archaic), flat, im-
Antonyms: see annoy, agitate, dis- paste, miniate, distemper.
turb, IRRITATE, vex. 2. See color, describe.
2. See CALM. paint, V. i. Spec, blot, smear, wash, rouge.
pack, n. 1. See bundle, set, mui/titude, painter, n. depicter (contextual; formed or
FLOCK, HERD, KENNEL. rare), brush (cant), brushman (rare); spec.
2. Referring to playing cards: deck, stack. limner (literary or archaic), paintress
pack, V. t. U See BUNDLE, PILL, CROWD, (fern.), dauber or daubster, plein-airist
FAKE. (cant), primitive, landscapist.
2.place (contextual), arrange (contextual), painting, n. 1. Spec depiction (contextual;
stow. formal or rare); spec, limning (literary or
packing, n. 1. package (rare), impaction archaic), daubery, imagery (contextual),
or impactment (rare or tech.). easeldom (a nonce word).
2. Referring to what is used in packing: 2. Spec, daub, canvas, watercolor, dis-
spec, stuffing, gasket, dunnage. temper, encaustic, plafond (French),
packsaddle, n. saddle (contextual), bat; monochrome, grisaille, gouache (French),
spec, aparejo (local, V. S.). impasto (Spanish), fresco, grotesque,
paddle, n. 1. See oar. elydoric (rare), Uthochromy, miniature.
2. A hoard at the circumference of a wheel: S. See description.
float. painty, a. pastose (artist's cant).
page, n. attendant (contextital); spec, but- palace, n. Spec, basilica (Greek and Ro-
tons (coUoq.), ichoglan (Turkish), footboy, man hist.), seraglio, Vatican.
henchman (hist), donzel (archaic). palatable, a. tasteful (rare; a stronger
pall, n. Spec, bowie (shallow; Scot.), pig- word than "palatable"), gustable (obs. or
gin (chiefly dial. Eng.). rare), tasty (chiefly colloq.): spec, savory,
pain, n. 1. See distress. relishable, dainty, nice, delicate. Epicu-
2. discomfort (contextual), distress (con- rean (bookish), toothful (rare), toothsome,
textual), anguish (archaic, exc. spec), suf- toothy (colloq.), appetizing, delicious, am-
fering (contextual); spec, hurt, ache, brosial or ambrosian (fig.), racy, nectarean
agony, bale (literary), torment, torture, or nectareous or nectared or nectarine
pang, smart, lancination, sting, stitch, (fig.), savorous (rare), sapid, sipid (rare
twinge, throe, gripe, dolor (obs. or rare). for "sapid").
8. In. pi.: see work, care, childbirth. Antonyms: see unpalatable, tasteless.
pain, V. t. 1. See grieve. palate, n. roof (contextual).
2. distress (contextual), anguish (formerly pale, a. 1. Ught; spec. palUd, wan (nearly
not spec; rare); spec, hurt, agonize, tor- an equiv. of "pallid ), wannish, paly
ment, torture, rack, twinge, pang (rare), (chiefly poetic), pasty, ghastly, spectral,
sting, smart, gripe, bite. blanched, colorless, doughy (colloq. equiv.
Antonyms: see please. of "pasty"), lunar (fig), mealy, blank
pain, V. i. Spec, twinge, shoot, rage, rankle, (now rare), bloodless, cadaverous, waxy,
pang (rare). deathlike, sickly-looking, sickly, white-
painful, a. 1. See depressing, careful, faced, whey-faced, white.
difficult, annoying, afflictive. Antonyms: see blushing, flushed, red,
2. distressing (contextual), fell (chiefly red-paced, dark
poetic), severe, sharp (pain); spec, hurt- 2. See dim.

tW Cross references: see
packed: compact, full, crowded.
packet: bundle, book, eei.
paot: agreement, contract.
pad, V. <.: cuehion.
pad, n..* cushion, foot, tablet.
paddle, v. i.: dabble, row.
paddock: endoeure.
paean: hymn, song.
pagan: heathen.
Note. pageant: device, float. pair, v. i.: match, marry, mate.
pageantry: display. paired: double,
paid: hired. pal: mate, accomplice.
painstaking, a.; carefvl. palate: taste, liking.
painstaking, n.: care, elaborar palatial: grand, imposing.
Hon, palaver, n.: talk, cajolery.
paint, n.: pigment, cosmetic. palaver, v, i,: talk, cajole.
pair, n.: two. pale, n.: stake, fence, indosure,
pair, V. t.: double, match, marry, bound.
mate. pale, V. i.: fade.

B^^ See Notes of Explanation.

21 309
 .

PALE
pale, V. t. Spec' whiten, white, sickly, papal, a. pontifical {formal), apostolic,
blanch. papistic or papistical {usually hostile or
pale, V. i. whiten, blanch. opprobrious), papish {usually hostile).
Antonyms: see blush. paper, n. 1. Spec, pelure, demy, crown, tis-
pallor, n. paleness; spec, bloodlessness, sue, papyrus, casse paper, flimsy, fools-
ghastliness, etc. Cf. pale, a. cap, hieratica, papier-mach6 {French),
Antonyms: see flush. quarto, onionskin, etc.
palm, n. 1. Referring to part of the hand: 2. See DOCUMENT, NEWSPAPER, COMPOSI-
flat (colloq.), thenar {tech.). TION, ARTICLE.
2. See HANDLE, HANDBREADTH. papery, o. paper {the noun used attribur
palmist, n. chiromant or chiromancer (less lively), chartaceous or {rare) cartaceous
usual), palmister {rare). {chiefly tech.), papyraceous {learned).
palmistry, n. chiromancy (less VMud). papilla, n. papule; spec, papillule.
paltry, a. mean {emphasizing the idea of pappus, n. Spec, plume, plumule, clock,
pettiness, stinginess, or poverty of spirit); egret.
spec, contemptible, trivial, scurvy, scald parable, n. allegory, similitude {less usual,
{archaic; an equiv. of "scurvy" ), cheap, and not technical); spec, haggada.
woeful, pitiful or {less usuaUy) pitiable, paradise, n. 1. Eden {emphasizing the idea
worthless, rubbishy, trashy, scrubby, of innocent simplicity; while "paradise"
footy {colloq., Eng.), foolish {archaic). emphasizes the idea of unalloyed happi-
Antonyms: see generous. ness).
pan, n. 1. Spec, skillet, Turk's-head, tache, 2. See HEAVEN.
heater, pattypan. paragon, n. nonesuch {a homelier Anglo-
2. Referring to part of a balance: scale. Saxon term), nonpareil, phoenix {t^.),
3. See HOLLOW, subsoil. flower {fig.), pink <Jig.), rose Cfe.), queen
panacea, n. remedy {contextual), cure-all {fig.)-
or heal-all {colloq. or disparaging), cathol- paragraph, n. 1. Referring to the mark or
icon {archaic or literary), panpharmacon character: pilorow {archaic),
or pampharmacon {rare), panace or panax 2- See PART,
{rare), polychrest {ohs. or rare), panchres- parallel, v. t 1. follow.
ton {ohs^. Antonyms: see cross.
pancake, n. flapjack {dial, or U. S.); spec. 2. See COMPARE.
froise or fraise {Eng.). parallel, a. 1. equidistant; spec, concen-
pane, n. 1. <See compartment. tric, collateral.
2. Referring to a window glass: spec, quar- Antonyms: intersecting, inclined,
rel or {rare) quarry, quirk. DIVERGENT.
panel, n. 1. See list, jurt, insertion. 2. See ABREAST, ANALOGOUS, EQUAL.
2. Spec, compartment, table, tablet, 8. concurrent.
frontispiece, medallion. paralysis, n. paralyzation (rare), palsy
pantomime, n. 1. actor {contextual); spec. (chiefly spec), palsification {chiefly spec),
pantomimist, mute. sideration (rare); spec, stroke, hemiplegia,
2. See DRAMA, GESTURE. diplegia, paresis, paraplegia.
pantry, n. Spec, buttery {an old-fashioned paralyze, v. t. 1. palsy (now chiefly fi^. or
term for "pantry"), butlery {often used as a spec), palsify (rore), impalsy (rare); spec.
more pretentious name of any "pantry"), benumb, freeze (often fig.), lethargize (qf~
cuddy {naut.). tenfig.).
papacy, n. pontificate, popeship, pope- Antonyms: see animape, stimulate.
dom or popehood {less usual terms) 2. See ENERVATE, DISABLE.
t^' Cross references: see Note. palsied: paralyzed, trembling, panting: longing.
palette: tablet. palsy, n.: paralysis. pap : nipple.
paling: fence. palsy, V. t.: paralyze, disable. pap: porridge. [tious.
pallsEtde, n.; fence, BtakSt cliff. palter: jn'evaricate, dodge paper, a.: papery, literary, ficti'
palisade, fence.
v. t.: pamper: indulge. pappose: downy.
pall, n.: corporal, haze. pamphlet: book. papule: pimple,
pall, V. t: drape, overspread. pamphleteer: author. [ister. par: equality.
pallet: bed. pander: go-between, bawd, min- parade, n. : show, disclosure,
pallet: implement, catch. panegyrle: eulogy. march.
palliate: mitigate. panel: partition. parade, u. t: show, disclose,
pallid: pale. pang: pain, emotion. march.
palm: foist, handle. panic: fear. parade, v, i.: meet, march.
palmate: hand-shaped. panicky: apprehensive. paradisiacal: heavenly.
palmer: pilgrim, monk. panjandrum: magruite. parallel, n.: analogue, counter-
palmy: prosperous. panoply: armor, covering. part.
palpable: evident, intelligible. pant, V. i.: breathe, blow, gasp, parallel, V. £.; compare.
palpate: feel. long, pulsate. parallelism: comparison, anar
palpitate: pulsate. pant, n.: breath. logue, analogy, equality.

t^" See Notes of Explanation.

310
 ;;

PARTICLE
paralyzed, paralytic, palsied (chiefly
a.
spec, err fig.); spec, paretic.
paramour, n. lover (contextual); spec, lady-
love, mistress, concubine, hetaera. "Para-
mour" now is mostly itsed in reference to
one who takes tlie place, without the rights,
of a husband or wife.
parapet, n. Spec, babette, battlement,
bartizan (o term apparently first used by
Sir Walter Scott, arid due to a misconcep-
tion), glacis, esplanade, breastwork.
paraphrase, n. repetition (contextual), ren-
dering (contextual), rewording, rehash
parry, n. In fencing: T^axaAe (less usual)
spec, prime, seconde, tierce, carte, quinte,
septime, counter.
parsonage, n. Spec, benefice, rectory,
parsonium (southern U. S.).
part, n. 1. parcel (archaic or law); spec.
portion, proportion, member, division,
subdivision, section, segment, fra^ent,
piece, snatch, scrap, crumb (fig.), install-
ment, caUop, cantle (chiefly Eng.), moiety
(a loose use; properly, "one half"), ele-
ment; see SHARE, FRAGMENT, REMNANT,
JOINT, ORGAN, DIVISION. /

(contemptuous), restatement. Antonyms: see all, whole.

paraphrase, v. t. reword, repeat (context- 2. Referring to the parts of printed moiter:
ual), restate. spec, number, book, livraison (French),
parasite, n. 1. See hanger-on. fascicle, fascicule, or fasciculus, passage,
2. Spec, entozoon, epizoon, epiphyte, chapter, section, paragraph, clause, com-
commensal. ma (Greek and Laiin prosody).
parasol, n. sunshade (an Anglo-Saxon 3. Referring to a character acted in a play
term, grovoing in use, and likely to drive or in real life: r61e, cue, pageant (archaic),
"parasol" out of use) . lines (pi.), cast.
parboil, v. t. cook
(contextual), boil (con- 4. See SOME, OFFICE, SIDE, DEPARTMENT,
textual), coddle (chiefly spec). PLACE, FRAGMENT.
parchment, n. 1. skin (contextual), sheep- partake, v. i. 1. See share.
skin: spec, forel, pell. 2. participate (with "in"). "Partake" is
2. See DOCUMENT. foUowed by "of."
pare, v. t. cut (contextual); spec, slice, partial, o. 1. Spec, biased, one-sided, in-
shave, skive, beat (Eng.), dole. terested, unfair, prejudiced; see pond.
parent, n. Spec, father, mother. Anionyms: see impartial.
Antonyms: see offspring, child, son, 2. fractional, component, portional (rare)
DAUGHTER. spec, half, incomplete.
paring, n. cut (contextual); spec, slice, Antonyms: see absolute, complete,
shave, shaving, skive, sldvmg, chip. thorough.
park, n. paradise (chiefly referring to Orient partiality, n. Spec, bias, one-sidedness,
tal parks); spec, common, Prado. interest, unfairness, prejudice, favor, fa-
parlor, n. I. A room in which to hold con^ voritism, prepossession, nepotism; see
versation: spec, locutory. FONDNESS.
2. best room, drawing-room (more pre- Antonyms: see impartiality.
tentious than "parlor"), foreroom (archaic partially, o. partly; spec, fractionally, in-
or obs.). completely, restrictedly, etc.
parochial, a.parish (the noun used adjec- Antonyms: see wholly.
tively; and not having the secondary con- particle, n. Spec, bit (often somewhat
1.
notations of parochial). colloq.), atom (very emphatic), snip (col-
paroxysmal, a. In geology: spec, catas- loq.), atomy (rare), iota (a sense arising
trophic, cataclysmic. from, and often alluding to, Matt, v: 18,
parquet, n. 1. See floor. "iota" being etymologically equivalent to
2. auditorium, orchestra (chiefly U. S.). "jot"), jot (a sense arising from, and often
parrot, n. 1. popinjay (archaic or obs.), alluding to. Matt, v: 18), tittle, whit (most-
poll (orig. an equivalent for "Marg"; con- ly unth a negative expressed or implied),
ventionaily used as the proper name of any trifle (often in "jot or tittle"), mite (colloq.),
parrot), polly (dim. of "poll"). morsel, scintilla (usually fig. and used wUh
2. See IMITATOR. a negative), rap (used with a negative; used
tS^ Cross references: see Note. parental: fatherly, maternal. parole, v. t.: free.
paramount: superior, con- parenthetical: inserted. paroxysm: fit,ecstasy, spasm.
troUing, supreme. pariah: outcast. p&TTy, V. t.: avert.
parcel, n.; diviavm, bundle. parity: eguoZitj/, analogy. parry, fence.
v. i.:
parcel, v. t.: divide, dietrUmte, parlance: language. parsimonious: stingy.
bundle. parley, n.: conversation, corir parson: minister.
parch: bum. dry. ference, discussion. part, V, t.: divide, separate, dis-
parching: hot. parley, v. i.: treat, converse. tribute.
pardon: excuse, parliament: assembly. part, v. t,: separate,break,depart.
pardonable: excusable. parody: burlesque. partible: divisible.
parent: father, mother, origin. parole, n.: promise. participate: share, partake.

tST See Notes ot Explanation.

311
 .

PARTICULAR
esp. in "without a rap" or "not a rap"), tled, motley, piebald, pied, pinto (south-
smitch {colloq., U. S.), grain, drop, western U. K), skewbald.
moteling (rare), molecule, corpuscle, cor- Antonyms^ see one-colored.
puscule, granule, shred, dust (rare), nip, pass, n. passage; spec, defile, notch (U. S.),
glimmer, spark, speck, fleck, crumb, gap, neck, gut, cut, gate, col (French),
stiver, driblet, electron, ion, sup. ghaut or gnat (Anglo-Indian), kotal (East
Antonyms: see big thing. India)
2. In grammar: spec, preposition, con- pass, V. i. 1. See GO, move, change, occur,
junction, interjection, inflex, prefix, suf- DIE, circulate, decide, DESCEND,
fix, enclitic, proclitic, etc. thrust.
particular, a. 1. special, especial (eguiv. of 2. In reference to time: elapse (chiefly
"special," but archaic in this sense), spe- formal or technical), lapse (rare), go; spec.
restricted; see definite.
cific; spec, (usually with an adverb, as "by," "over,"
flit

Antonyms: see miscellaneous, gen-
eral.
2. Spec, nice, dainty, close, circumstan-
tial,narrow, minute, detailed.
3. See SPECIAL, FASTIDIOUS, CAREFUL, IN-
DIVIDUAL, INTIMATE, CONSCIENTIOUS.
particular, n. Spec, detail, circumstance,
respect (used with "in," as in "in this one
respect"), regard, point.
particularize, v. t. Spec, detail, itemize,
.specify.
partition, n. 1. Referring to the act: see
DIVISION, DISTRIBUTION.
2. Referring to the dividing thing: spec.
fence, wall, septation (rare), phragma,
septum, septulum, dissepiment, dia^
phragm. brattice or brattish, cloison
(French), interseptum, bulkhead, panel,
mediastinum, perpend. See division.
partizan, n. adherent (contextual), par-
tisan (a variant), sider, factioneer (rare),
sectionary (rare), sectionist (rare), fautor
(rare), partialist.
partizanship, n. Spec, party, dissension,
fautorship (rare); spec, ministerialism,
poUticaUsm, cliquism, cMquishness, party-
ism.
partner, n. associate; spec, copartner
(more formal), halver (fig.), accomplice,
cavalier, sharer.
Antonyms: see opponent.
partnership, n. association; spec, copart-
nership, sharing.
parturient, a. travailing (archaic).
party, n. 1. association (contextiial), group
(contextual); spec, division, interest, side,
faction, clique (a term of contempt or re-
proach).
2. see combination, partizanship,
group, person, detail.
S. Referring to a social affair:
(contextual); spec, rout (chiefly hist), re-
ception, ball, dance, etc.
party-colored, a. variegated; spec, mot-
etc.), glide (iisually with "by"), slip (itstt-
ally with an adverb, as "by," "away," etc.),
expire, run, wear (often with "on"), flow
(with "by").
3. Referring to the going by, away, or the
like, of some state, emotion, etc.: go, ovei^
pass (rare), sink, slip, overblow.
4. Referring to the transfer of rights from
one to another: go, devolve, fall.
pass, V. t. 1. See cross, deliver, extend,
OUTSTRIP, EXCEED, ENACT, MISS, IGNORE,
APPROVE, PROMISE.
2. In
the sense of "to get by or go by": spec.
clear, skirt, leap, overpass, transmeate
(obs. or rare), stride.
3. In the sense of "to let go, or cause to go":
let; spec, frank, graduate.
4. Referring spend, overpass
to time:
(rare), wear
with "away"), use,
(often
while or wile (usually with "away"); spec.
beguile, moon, languish (usually with
"out" or "away"), drowse.
pass, n. 1. See state, thkust, death, mo-
tion, MOVEMENT.
2. authorization (contextual), permission
(contextu/d), paper (slang; a collective);
spec, order (Eng.), passport, purwanah
(East Indian).
passable, a. 1. pervious (rare); spec, ford-
able.
Antonyms: see impassablb.
2. See MODERATE, PAIR.
passage, n. passing (emphasizing the
1.
idea of the action);spec, going, motion,
movement, change^ exchange, encounter,
enactment, migration, evacuation.
2. In
reference to time: lapse, elapse
(rare), tract (rare), efflux (literary), ef-
fluxion (literary); spec, course, revolu-
tion, expiry, run.
assembly 3. way (contextual); spec, shoot, cut, com-
munication, defile, corridor, gallery, hall,
entry, door, gate, mouth, cloister, head-
ing, drift, level, tunnel, winze, shaft, flue,

tS^ Cross references: see Note. partisan: var. of paTti2an. parvenu: upstart.
particularity: individuality. partition: divide, distribute. pasquil: satire.
particularize: mention, infer. partly: partially. pasquinade: satire.
parting, n.: departure, death, parts: ability. passager: obs. var, of pas-
division, farewell. parturience: childbirih. senger.

l^ See Notes of Explanation.

312
 . . ;

PATRONYMIC
chimney, caponier, cuniculus {archceol- gesting the paste of cookery: spec, pastel,
ogy). sap, iter, chute, vomitary {chiefly dope, electuary, magma, strass; see cos-
hist.). Also see IslvASB. metic, CEMENT.
Antonyms: see impasse. pasteboard, n. board {short for "paste-
4. Referring to literature: spec, comma- board'; chiefly cant) carton {rare or spec. )
' ,

tion (Gr. prosody), pericope {chiefly in spec,cardboard, inillboard, strawboard,

writing on Biblical literaiure), common- binder's board.
place, collectanea {pL). Also see part. pastoral, n. 1. composition {contextual),
6. Referring to music: spec, bar, measure, eclogue; spec, idyl, bucoUc {chiefly in pi.).
phrase, melody, coda, etc. See CROSIER. 2.
passenger, n. passager {obs.); spec, fare, pastry, n. bakemeat {obs.), p&tisserie
inside {colloq.), outside (colloq.). {French); spec pie, cake, tart, puff, etc.
passer, n. passer-by {emphatic), by-passer pasture, n. 1. pasturage; spec, grass, graz-
{equiv. of passir-by"), passenger {rare). ing.
passing, a. 1. In the physical sense: spec. 2. Referring to the land: grassland; spec
transmigratory, transient. grazing, lea {dial, or Eng^.tan^fi (U. S.),
Antonyms: see ENDtTEiNQ. cowgate {Eng.), yard {U. S. aim Canada).
2. Fig.: spec, current, fleeting, revolving; pasture, a. pascual {rare), pascuous {rare);
see C0BSOBT, transient, great, hastt. spec, grazing.
passing, n. 1. See passage. pasty, a. 1. doughy.
2. Fig.: spec, transition, graduation, 2. See SOFT, STICKY.
lapse, elapse; see death, occurrence. patchy, a. Spec, spotty {painter's cant)
passive, a. 1. nonresistant, patient {rare). paternity, n. fatherhood, fathership, sire-
2. See INACTIVE. ship {rare).
passlveness, n. I. passivity, nonresistance, path, n. 1. way {contextual); spec, track,
irresistance {rare), patience {rare). footpath, trail, berm.
2. See INACTIVITY. 2. iSee WALK, COURSE.
passover, n. pasch {archaic or hist.) pathless, a. unpathed {rare); spec, un-
passport, n. pass {contextual), license {con- tracked {rare), trackless.
textual); spec, credentials (pi.), dustuck pathological, a. Spec morbid, morbific.
or dustuk {East Indian). Antonyms: see healthful. ,

password, n. countersign or {for short) aign, patience, n. patiency {rare), patientness

word {short for "password"), shibboleth {rare); spec endurance, forbearance,
{spec, or fig.); spec, watchword, parole. long-suffering, sufferance, longanimity
past, a. bygone, gone {rare, exc. as used {rare), forbearing.
predicatively), preterite {rare, exc. as a Antonyms: see uneasiness; also cf.
grammatical term), bypast {emphatic irascible.
equiv. of "past"), foregone {archaic), patient, o. self-restrained {contextual);
ancient {archaic or obs., exc. spec); spec. spec, enduring or {rare) endurant, long-
ago {predicative), agone {archaic), over- suffering, longanimous {learned or liter-
passed, elapsed, preterlapsed {rare); see ary), magnanimous {rare).
FORMER, OBSOLETE. Antonyms: see irascible, intolerant,
Antonyms: see present, future. uneasy.
past, n. foretime {rare), heretofore {rare); patient, n. 1. In medicine: subject, case;
spec, history, yesterday. spec, clinic.
Antonyms: see present, ptrTUBB. 2. Referring to one acted upon in any way:
paste, n. 1. In cookery: dough {chiefly subject.
spec); spec batter, brioche, macaroni, patriot, n. Spec compatriot, jingo {con-
spaghetti, vermicelli. temptuous), chauvinist, patriotess {fern.).
2. Referring to any of various things sug- Antonyms: see traitor.
XW Cross references: see Note. pat, n.: stroke, lump, caress. patrician, a.; rwble, aristo-
pass£: obsolete, worn-out, faded, pat, V. t,: strike, caress. cratic.
passion' suffering, anger, frenzy. patch, n.: repair, piece, spot, patrician, n.: noble, aristocrat.
passionate: intense, angry, field. patricide: homicide.
frantic. patch,' V. t.: repair. patrimonial: ancestral, hered-
past, prep.: by. paten: plat^, disk. itary.
past, adv.: by, beyond. patent, a.: open, evident. patrimony: hereditament.
pastel; paste, crayon, picture. patent, n.: document, right. patriotic: public.
pastil: candle, lozenge. paternal: fatherly, inherited, patrol, V. t.: traverse, guard.
pastime: diversion. descended. patrol, 71.; guard, watchman.
pastor: minister. paternity: fatherhood, descent. patron: defender, benefactor,
pastoral: rural. pathetic: affecting. customer, saint, deity.
pasturage: grazing, pasture. pathos: suffering, compassion, patronage: aid, custom.
pasture, v. I.: graze. lamentableness. patronize: protect, aid, notice.
pat, a.: appropriate. patois: dialect. patronymic: family.

US' See Notes of Explanation.

313
 —

PATTER
patter, v. i. 1. strike (contextual), pit-a^ sation, reward, requital, recompense, re-
pat, pit-pat, pitter-patter; aU but muneration, stipend, prebend, satisfac-
strike" being imitative. tion, perquisite, percentage, brokerage,
8. See DABBLE. commission, freight; see hire, see.
patter, n. pit-a-pat, pattering, pit-pat, paying, a. Spec, compensatory, compen-
pitter-patter. sative, remuneratory, remunerative, prof-
pattern, n. 1. form {(xmtextual), original itable.
(contextual); spec, model, block, norm or payment, re. 1. The act of paying a person:

(Latin) norma, copy, type, archetype, ex-
emplar (rare), paradigm (rare), mold or
mould, template or templet, curb or kerb,
plan, last.
S. In a figurative or secondary sense: spec.
ensample (archaic), paragon, mirror
spec, compensation, remuneration, satis-
faction, repayment, reward, requital, re-
imbursement, recoupment, recompense.
2. The act of paying a debt: discharge
(contextual), settlement (contextual), sat-
isfaction sjiec. Uquidation, quittance, ac-
;

(rare), idea. quittance, sinking, lifting, compounding,

8. See EXAMPLE, DESIGN. settlement, defrayal, discount.
pave, V. t. cover (contextual), lay (context' 3. That which is given by way of payment:
vol); spec, cobble, causey (chiefly Scot.), render; spec, blood money, salvage, scot,
pitch, slab, concrete, flag, brick, flint, pave- royalty, earnest, gale (rare or U. S.), gar-
ment (chiefly in p. p. "pauemented"), floor. nish (hist.), relief (hist.), prestation, ner-
paved, a. paven (chiefly poetic), pave- iot; see fee, installment.
mented (rare); spec, flagged. peace, n. 1. Spec, concord, accord (rare),
pavement, n. pave (chiefly U. S.), paving; harmony, amity, frith (obs. or hist.),
spec, flagging, cobbles (pQ, causey (chiefly truce, pax (Latin), friendliness.
Scot.). Antonyms: see dissension, war.
paver, n. pavior (more formal), paviner 2. Referring to a person's mental condition,
(rare); spec, flagger. actual or seeming: spec, equanimity, com-
pawn, V. t. pledge (contextual); spec, posure, placidity or placidness, calmness,
(in reference to putting with a pawnbroker quiet or quietness, quietude, rest, requi-
to secure a loan) spout (colloq. or slang), em (rare), tranquuUty or tranquilness, re-
sweat (slang). pose, peacefulness, imperturbation (rare).
Antonyms: see free. Antonyms: see activity.
pawnbroker, n. broker (contextual), lum- peaceable, a. 1. peaceful (rare); spec.
berer (obs. or slang), unde (skmg). pacific, quiet, gentle, bloodless.
pawnshop, n. pawnbrokery (rare), mont Antonyms: see irascible, combativb,
de pi6t6 (French; used of those of various PTTGNACIOTJS, QUARRELSOME.
other countries besides France), spout See peaceful. 2.
(slang), popshop (slang). peaceful, a. 1. amicable, peaceable, con-
pay, V. t. I. With the person as the object: cordant, harmonious.
spec, compensate, remunerate, satisfy, re- 2. Spec, equanimous (rare), composed,
pay, prepay, reward, requite (often iron- placid, calm, quiet, restful, tranquil.
ical), reimburse, indemnify, stipend (rare), Antonyms: see agitated.
recoup (often used reflexively), recom- peacemaker, re. makepeace (archaic), pa-
pense, stand (colloq.), fee, salary. cificator (rare), peaoemonger (opprobri-
Z. With the debt, obligation, or cause of in- ous); spec, dove (fig.).
debtedness as the object: Antonyms: see mischief-maker.
discharge (^con-
textual), satisfy, settle (contextual), liqui- peace message, irenicon (rare), olive
date, quit, acquit (archaic); spec, sink, branch (fig.).
lift, compound, foot, honor, defray, meet, peacocklike, a. pavonian, pavonine.
discount. peak, re. 1. See point, summit.
Antonyms: see repudiate, dishonor. 2. Referring to a mountain summit ending
8. With what is given in payment as the in a point: spec, pinnacle, horn (rare or
object: give (contextual), render; spec. consciously fig.), pike (now local Eng., or
tribute. used in proper names), butte (U. S.),
pay, V. i. Spec, fine (Eng.), toll. cone, cusp (rare), ben (Scot.; chiefly used
pay, n. profit (contextual); spec, compen- in proper names) nunatak.
,

O^ Cross references; see Note. paunchy: fat. ing.

patter, v.: babble, chatter. pauper: beggar. paw, V. t.: handle.
patter, n..* babble, chatter, dia- pauperize: impoverish. pawl: lever, catch.
lect. pauae, v. t.; stop, hesitate, pawn: piece.
pattern, v.: imitate. paTlllon: tent, bell, canopy, pawn: pledge.
paucity: fewness. building. payable: due,
paunch : abdomen. paw, n.: hand, foot, handwrit- peacemaking: pacific.

[E^^ See Notes ot Explanation.

314
 PENNATE
AnUmymsc see bottom, plateau. ous, exc. spec), perigrinator (rare); spec.
pearl, n. 1. margarite {archaic); see drop. tramp, itinerant, hiker, walker, runner.
S. nacre (learned or tech.). pediment, n. frontal; spec, frontispiece,
pearly, n. 1. perlaceous (rare); spec, nacre- fronton (rare or obs. equiv. of "frontis-
ous, nacrous (rare). piece").
2. See msTROus, gray. peek, V. i. &
n. look (coniextwil) , peep,
pear-shaped, a. pyriform, obconic (math.). squint; see glance.
peasant, n. countryman (contextiud), boor pecker, n. peeper; spec. Paul Pry, Peep-
(obs., exc. of Dutch, German, or other ing Tom.
foreign peasants), bucolic (humorous), peekhole, re. eyehole, eyelethole (rare), .

contadino (Italian; masc), contadina eyelet (rare), loophole; spec, squint,

(Italian; fern.), peasantess (fern.); spec. hagioscope, Judas, oillet (hist.).
cotter, cottar, cottier (Great Britain and pellet, re. Spec, pebble, hailstone, bullet;
Ireland), muzhik or moujik, ryot, fellah. see globule, grain.
pea-shaped, pisiform (tech.).
a. pelt, V. t. strike (contextual); spec, pep-
pebble, n. stone (contextual); spec, chuck- per, bepepper (an intensive), bepelt (are
le (a quartz pebble; Scot.), plum. intensive), stone, egg, pellet, lapidate
peck, V. t. strike (contextual), beak (rare); (rare), bombard.
spec,pecket (rare), peckle. pen, re. style (literary or rhetorical), stylus
peculiar, a. 1. own, proper (rare, exc. spec), (a rare equiv. of "style"); spec. quiU,
individual, idiosyncratic; spec, appro- goose quill.
priate, idiomatic. See own. pen, fi.inclosure (contextual); spec, fold,
2. See ODD, SPECIAL. enfold or pinfold (chiefly Eng.), coop,
E
peculiarity, n. 1. properness (rare), idio- utch, sty, cruive (Scot.), crib, stall, pit,
syncrasy, individuality; spec, idiom. cage, crawl, pound.
2. See ODDITY. penalty, n. 1.to what is inflicted
Referring
pedant, n. precisian (contextual); spec. in order to punish: punishment; spec
bluestocking (fern.; usually contennptu- chastisement, whipping, flogging, fine,
ous),morosoph. pedantess (fern.). forfeiture; see fine.
pedantic, a. pedantical (rare), budge (lit- Antonyms: see reward.
erary); spec, bluestocking or (for short) 2. See disadvantage, handicap.
blue (usually contemptuous), bookish. pencil, re. 1. See brush.
Antonyms: see colloquial. 2. marker (contextv/d) ; spec, crayon,
peddle, v. t. sell (contextual); spec, canvass chalk, charcoal, keehvine (Scot.).
(usually less derogatory than, "peddle"), pendant, re. drop; spec, flcp, tag, pendicle
hawk, cadge (dial, or slang). (rare), pendule (rare), coachwhip (naut.),
peddler, n. seller (contextual), pedlar (a lobe, lob (rare), flag, eardrop, pendeloque
variant), peripatetic (humorous and con- (French), cul-de-lampe (French), tassel,
textual); spec, canvasser, hawker, cadger buUa; see chandelier.jag, tippet,
(dial, or slang), costermonger or coster penetrate, v. t. 1. In a sense implying
(Eng.), haggler (Eng.), huckster or (rare) force: spec, interpenetrate, impenetrate
hucksterer (chiefly a term of local use in (rare), compenetrate, cut, sink, invade,
specific senses), husksteress or huckstress interdigitate (rare), mterosculate (rare),
(Jem.), faker (slang), cheap Jack (slang; bore, burrow, etc.; see pierce, per-
contemptvmLs), cheap John (slang; con- forate.
temptuous), packman, duffer (slang), col- 2. <see enter, pervade, indent, affect,
porteur. understand, PERCEIVE.
pedestrian, a. peripatetic (chiefly humor- penetrative, a. 1. penetrant, penetrating;
t^' Cross references: see Note. peel, n.; skin, bark, huU. pelt, n.; skin.
peal, n.; ringing, set, outbreak. peel, V, t.: skin, decorticate, hull, pen, V. t.: confine.
pearl, v. t,: granulate. strip. penalize: punish, handicap.
pebble, ».^.' grain. peep: peek, glance, emerge, penance, n.: punishment.
peooadlllo; fault. chirp. penance, v. t: punish.
peek, V. i.: strike, eat. peer, n.: emud, noble. pencbant : inclination.
peek, n.: stroke, dot. peer, v. i.: look, emerge. pencil, V. t.: depict.
peculate; steal. peerage: nobility. pendency: continuance, droop.
pecullarize: individualize. peerless: unequcUed. pendent: drooping, hanging,
pecuniary: monetary. peevish: complaining, irasGi- undecided.
pedaeoglo, pedagogloal: in- ble. pending, prep.: during.
structive, peg: pin. pendulous : hanging.
pedagogics teaching.
: pelage: coat. penetrate, v. %.: enter, soak.
pedagogue: teacher. pellicle: film. penitent: regretful.
pedagogy: education. pell-mell: hasty. penitentiary: prison.
pedestal: support. pellucid: clear, intelligible. penmanship : handwriting.
pedigree: descent, genealogy. pelt, V. t.: throw, drive. pennant: flag.
pedlar: var. of peddler. pelt, V. i.: strike. pennate: winged, feathered.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

315
 . ,

etimssuM
spec, insinuating; see pbrmbative, piebc- perceive, v. i. Spec, intuit {rare of
INQ. learned),know, understand, feel.
8. See SHAKP, PIERCING, SUBTLE. perceiver, n. percipient; spec observer,
pennon, n. Spec, pennoncel (hist.), discemer, etc.
streamer; see flag. percentage, n. Spec, pay (contextual),
penny, n. 1. copper {contextual), saltee backwardation (Eng. Stock Exchange),
(slang; Eng.). contango (Eng. Stock Exchange), factor-
2. See CENT. age. .

pensioner, n. pensionary (qften in a sinis- perceptible, a. perceivable; spec appre-

ter sense), pensioimaire (French; rare); hensible, appreciable, discernible, detect-
see MERCENARY. able, tangible, sensible, observable; see
penthouse, n. lean-to; spec, pluteus (Bo- visible.
man antiq.). Antonyms: see imperceptible, unper-
people, n. 1. Referring to a body of persons CBIVABLE.
constituting a nation, tribe, race, or the perception, n. t. Referring to the act: see-
like: folk (chiefly spec); spec, landfolk ing; spec, seizure, apprehension, discern-
(rare), countryfolk, country, race, tribe, ment, penetration, descrial (rare) observa- ,

heritage, nation, state. tion, recognition, percipience (rare), ap-

2. Referring to persons standing in some perception, knowledge, cognizance, detec-
special relation or having some characteris- tion, cognition, illusion, sensation, vision,
tic by which they are classed together: folk intuition, feeling, hearing, smell, sight.
(less formal than "people"); spec, city, 2. Referring to the faculty: senses, sensa-
town, vUlage, boys (pi.), girls (pi.), men tion, perceiving, ken (rare or archaic or
(pi.), women (pi.), company, public. literary); spec, eye, telsesthesia, touch,
3. The ordinary people as distinguished -feeling, hearing, smell, sight, conscious-
from the nobility or from the wealthy or ness; see insight.
educated: populace (sometimes, more in- perceptive, a. Spec apprehensive, in-
vidiously, equiv. to "mob"), commons, tuitive, intuitional, etc.
commonalty (a collective), commonality perch, n. rest (contextual), roost (chiefly
(rare), commonage (rare), commune spec.)
(hist.), proletariat, masses (pi.), mass perch, V. i. rest (chiefly spec); spec
(used with "the"), generality or (with alight, sit, roost.
"the") general (archaic), vulgar (rare; perching, a. insessorial.
used with "the"), multitude (used with perfect, a. consummate, ideal; spec, ut-
"the"), democracy, demos (learned or ter; see COMPLETE, FAULTLESS.
tech. or spec); spec, crowd, mob, gentry. perfect, v. t. perfectionize (rare), perfec-
Antonyms: see nobility. tionate (rare); spec, consummate; see
4. folks or folk ("folks" is now the conv- COMPLETE, IDEALIZE.
moner term; and is rather informal or col- perfection, n. 1. Referring to the act or ac-
loquial; "folk" is archaic, exc spec), they tion: perfectation (rare), perfectionation
(an indefinite use of the pronoun), men (rare), perfectionizement (rare), perfec-
(properly, male people). tioninent (rare); spec, completion, ideaU-
people, V. t. 1. populate, empeople (inten- zation, consummation.
sive; literary); spec, settle. 2. Referring to the state: perfectness, per-
Antonyms: see DEPOPtTLATE. fectiveness (rare), perfectivity (rare);
2. See inhabit. spec, finish, faultlessness, utterness; see
perceive, v. t. see; spec seize, catch, ap- EXCELLENCE, CORRECTNESS, HOLINESS.
prehend, appreciate, discern, apperceive Antonyms: see imperfection.
(rare, exc. tech.), read, find, penetrate, 3. Of one that is perfect: perfect (rare);
pierce, descry, tell, observe, recognize, spec, crown (fig.), bloom or flower (fig.).
cognize (rare or tech.), sense, detect, spot, perforate, V. t. penetrate (contextv/il)
smoke (archaic), trace, scan (rare), hear, pierce (contextual), foraminate (rare);
feel, snuff, sniff, smell; see understand, spec, terebrate (rare), riddle, tunnel, tre-
distinguish, notice. pan or trepanize, transforate, prickle,
Antonyms: see miss. pink, punch, prick.

^^'Cross references: see
pensile: hanging.
pension, n.: allowance,
pension, v. t: retire.
pensive: sad.
penurious: stingy,
penury: poverty, deficiency,
peppery: pungent, irascible.
Note. perambulate, v. t.: traverse,
perambulate, v, i.: walk.
perambulation: circumference.
perceivable: perceptible.
percept: object,
percolate: exztde, filter.
percolation: exudation,
percuss: strike.
percussion: stroke, shock.
percussive: striking.
perdition: ruin.
peremptory: commandin{f, dog*
matic, decisive, absolute.
perennial: lasting.
perfidious: unfaithful.
perforative: piercing.

t^° See Notes of Explanation.

316
 ,

FEBSIFLAGE
perforated, a. Spec, fenestrate or fenes- sufferable, unprohibited, admissible, dis-
trated, foraminated. pensable (ecd).
perform, v. t. 1. do, discharge, fulfill; see permission, n. allowance, permit (rare),
DO. leave; spec, sufferance, toleration, favor,
2. See PILL, ACT, OBSEBVE, ACCOMPLISH. hcense, liberty, cong6 (French) or congee
performance, n. 1. doing, discharge, ful- (rare), grace (Eng. universities), exeat,
fillment; spec, act, action, accomplish- dispensation, see authorization.
ment, ceremony. Antonyms: see forbiddance.
2. Referring to a play, spec. part, etc.: permissive, Spec, facultative (literary);
a.
play, entr'acte (,French), concert, sing (rare spec, dispensative or dispensatory.
orcolloq.), matinee, vaudeville; see show. permit, v. t. allow; spec, let (ivith an irin
performer, n. I. See doer. finitive, usually used without "to"), toler-
2. Spec, executant, soloist, duettist, sing- ate, leave (vrith an objective and the infini-
er, balancer, acrobat, equihbrist, contor- suffer (now chiefiy archaic), license,
tive),
tionist, etc.; seeplayer. have (only with a negative, as in "he mil
perhaps, adv. perchance (formal; obsoles- not have it mentioned"), facilitate (rare);
cent or literary), possibly, perad venture authorize. see
(archaic or literary), maybe (less dignified Antonyms: see forbid.
than "perhaps"); spec, probably, possi- permit, n. Spec, chop (in Chinese and
bly, belike (archaic), haply (archaic or po- East Indian trade), firman (Turkish); see
hupipily (archaic; rare).
etic) , license, passport.
period, n. 1. time (contextual); spec, epoch, permitted, o. Ucit (literary); spec, wel-
eon, era, age, span, spell, stage, cycle, come (contextual).
eternity, season, term, limit, interval, perpendicular, a. 1. See erect, precipi-
epact, luster or lustrum, kalpa, manvan- tous.
tara, indiction, semester. 2. In geometry: normal (more technical
2. (See END. than perpendicular"), cathetal (rare);
periodic, a. Spec, epochal, seasonal, cy- spec, vertical.
clic, serial, secular, termly, centennial; perplex, v. puzzle, bepuzzle (an interv-
t. I.
see INTBRMITTENT. sive), fog spec, mystify, nonplus,
(fig.);
Antonyms: see irregular. set, corner, get (colloq.), divide (rare),
periodical, n. publication (contextual); embarrass, stagger, metagrabolize (rare);
spec, serial, weejdy, monthly, quarterly, seeconfuse.
magazine, bulletin, gazette. Antonyms: see enlighten.
perjure, V. t. Used reflectively: man- 2. See COMPLICATE.
swear (archaic), forswear. perplexed, a. doubtful (contextual), puz-
perjured, a. forsworn, mansworn (ar- zled; spec, nonplussed, embarrassed, etc.
chaic). perplexing, a. Spec, puzzling, embarrass-
perk, V. i. 1. Spec, strut. ing, knotty, obscure, etc.; see confusing.
2. See SPRUCE. perplexity, n. I. doubt (contextual), per-
permanence, n. permanency; spec, im- plexedness, puzzle, puzzlement (rare),
movableness, fixity, fixture (archaic), con- puzzledom (rare); spec, nonplus, quan-
stancy, durableness, lastingness. dary, nonplussation (rare), embarrass-
Antonyms: see transience. ment, fog (fig.); see confusion.
permanent, a. Spec, fixed, standing, ir- 2. Referring to what perplexes: difiSculty
removable, immovable (literally or fig.), (contextual), puzzle; spec, cobweb (fig.).
pucka or pakka (Anglo-Indian); see last- 3. See COMPLEXITY.
ing, CONSTANT, UNFADING, DURABLE. persecute, v. t. 1. oppress, pursue; spec.
Antonyms: see transient, temporary, (often fig.) dragoon, dragoonade.
SHIFTING, provisional. Antonyms: see indulge.
permissible, a. allowable, free; spec, open. 2. See afflict, beset, urge.

tW^ Cross references: see Note. perish: die, decay, end. perpetual: constant, eternal,
perform, v, i.: act. perishable: destructible, decomr endless,
perfume, smell, scent.
n.: posable. perpetuate: continue, eternal-
perfume, v. t.: scent. perk, V, i.: strut, spruce. ize.

perfunctory: formal, indiffer- perk, V. t.: erect, spruce. perpetuation: continuation,

ent. permeable: pervioits. eternity.
peril, n.; dariger. permeate: pervade. perpetuity: constancy, eternity.
peril, V. t.: endanger. permutation: interchange. perquisite: pay, profit.
perilous: dangerous. pernicious: destructive, harm- perseverance: continuan^x
perimeter: circumference. ful, ruinous. constancy.
perlpliery; circumference, perorate: declaim, end. persevere: continue.
boundary. peroratioik: discourse, end. persevering: constant, continu-
periphrasis: circumlocution. perpetrate: do, commit. ing.
perlphrastio: drGinrdocutcyry. perpetration: commission. persiflage: banter.

W See Notes of Explanation.

317
 PERSIST
persistent, a. 1. Spec, sedulous, willful, personate, v. t. impersonate {usually
assiduous; see obstinate. spec), personify {rare); see act, counteb-
2. See CONSTANT, CONTINUING. FEIT.
person, n. 1. In the sense of "a human be- personate, v. i. Spec, masquerade.
ing": man {now only in indefinite phrases, personify, v. t. 1. In the sense of represent-
OS "every man," etc.,. and understood as ing as a person, or symbolizing by a human
primarily meaning a male, but including form: impersonate, personation, person-
women by implication), individual {chiefly alize {rare), impersonify {rare); —
person^
a colloquial vulgarism or disparaging), ify" being the most common.
party (spec, exc. when vulgar or slang as a 2. See embody.
simple equivalent of "person"), fellow perspiration, n. excretion {contextual),
{chiefly coUoq., undignified, or even vulgar), water {contextual); spec, exhalation,
body {familiar), piece {archaic or dial.), sweat (a word erroneously avoided as vul-
wight {archaic, exc. in "luckless wight," gar), sweating, diaphoresis {tech).
"hapless wight"), chap {familiar and un- perspire, v. i. & t. excrete {contextual);
dignified), human {now chiefly humorous spec, exhale, sweat, swelter.
or affected or used as a neuter in gender); pervade, v. t. 1. penetrate, permeate, fill
spec, {as viewed in a certain way) spirit, {contextual), commeate (rare); spec, in-
beast, presence, animal, personage, na- terfuse {in a nonphysical sense), imbue,
ture, soul, homo {tech.; generic), creature impregnate, infiltrate.
{often depreciating, coridescending, or pity- 2. See ANIMATE.
ing), figure, form, shape, hand, mind, perverse, a. t. See wicked, perverted.
mouth, machine, chit, card {slang), bloke 2. Implying a going counter to what is
{vulgar slang), chal {Gypsy), billy, billie reasonable or demanded: froward (liter-
{Scot.), birkie {familiar or jocular; Scot.), ary), wayward, cross-grained, cantanker-
buckie {Scot.), smarty {colloq., U. S.), ous, untoward or (rare) untowardly,
hulk, worthy, worm or earthworm {in oblique or obliquitous (both rare), con-
contempt), egoist or egotist, dry-as-dust, trarious (mostly literary), contrary (col-
dragoon, dog {in contempt or abu^e), dis- log.), wrong-headed, cussed (U. S.; slang;
reputable, insect {in contempt), wagtail primarily a euphemistic oath), thwart
{contemptuous; rare), deceiver, dupe, (rare); see intractable, obstinate.
blockhead, etc. Antonyms: see complaisant, manage-
2. In theology, of the Deity: hypostasis, able.
personality; spec. Father, Son, Holy perversion, n. 1. distortion; spec, wrench,
Ghost. twist, misuse, misusage, misrepresenta-
S. In law: university {chiefly Roman or tion, misappropriation, misapplication,
,
Civil law), universitas {Lat. equiv. of "uni- misconstruction, misdirection.
versity"), corporation, body {colloq.). 2. degeneration, depravation, degrada-
4. jSee PEBSONALITT. tion, corruption.
personage, n. 1. person {in this sense chief- perversity, n. 1. See wickedness.
ly with a qualifying word or words), some- 2. perverseness, frowardness (literary),
body {colloq.), figure, bigwig {humorous or waywardness, untowardness, obliquity
contemptuous), cha,ia.cteT{contextual),huzz- (rare), contrariousness (mostly literary),
wig {derisive; rare), big bug {slang), cla-
wrong-headedness, cussedness (U. S.;
slang), thwartness (rare); see intracta-
rissimo {Italian; obs.), magmfico {Italian),
bility, obstinacy.
proceres {pi.; Latin; rare exc. hist.); see
MAGNATE. Antonyms: complaisance (cf. complai-
Antonyms: see nobody. sant), manageableness (cf. manageable).
2. See CASRIAGB. pervert, v. 1. 1. distort; spec, wrest, wrench,
personal, a. 1. individual; spec, intimate; twist, misuse, warp, writhe (rare), torture,
see BODILY, PRIVATE. strain, wiredraw (fig.) wry (archaic), wring
,

2. Of property: movable. (archaic), misapply, misturn (rare), muti-

3. In theology: essential, hypostatic. late, misdirect, corrupt, misconstrue,
personality, n. character, individuality. sophisticate, garble, misrepresent.
t^- Crossreferences: see Note. perspicacity: discernment. pertinacity: constancy.
persist: continue. perspicuity: intelligibility; cf. pertinency: relation.
persistence: continuance, con- CLEAR {ioT clearness). pertinent: belonging, relative.
stancy. perspicuous: clear, intelligible. pertness: impudence.
persistent: constant, continu- persuade: induce. perturb: disturb.
ing. persuasive: inducive. perturbation: disturbance.
personable: good-looking. pert: impudent. '
peruse: read.
perspective: delineation, ap- pertain: belong, relate. pervasive: cf. diffusive.
pearance. pertaining: belonging. pervert, v. i.: apostasize.
perspicacious: discerning. pertinacious: constant. pervert, n.: apostate.

m-i I Notes of Explanation.

318
 PIEBALD
2. deprave, degrade, degenerate, corrupt. philosophy, n. metaphysics, philosophism
perverted, o. distorted, perverse, wry (lit- {derogatory); spec, epistemology, empiri-
erary), misdirected, etc. cism, idealism, teleolo^, ontology, etc.
pervious, a. penetrable; spec, permeable, phonetic, a. 1. phonic, phonal {rare);
diathermanous. spec, phonographic.
Antonyms: see impenetrable. 2. See SONANT.
pessimist, n. Spec, cynic, malist, miser- photograph, n. photo (coUoq.), print {con-
abilist. textual), catch {coUoq.); spec, minette,
pest, n. 1. See disease. kodak, daguerreotype.
2. Referring to something inflicting harm physic, V. 1. 1. See DRUG.
or digress: bane, curse; aee trouble. 2. Spec, purge, drench.
Antonifms: see good. Antonyms: see constipate.
pesthouse, n. hospital, lazaretto or (less pianist, n. pianiste {fern.; cant), piano-
comm<m) lazaret {chiefly spec, andreferring fortist {formal); spec, cembalist (rare).
to foreign, esp. Oriental, countries). piano, n. pianoforte {formed), clavier
pestle, n. pounder {contextual), muller, {Ger.); spec, pianette, pianino.
brayer. pick, V. t. 1. See strike, fierce, choose,
pet, n. dear, fondling, darling, duck {chief- MAKE, eat, plat.
ly a term of endearment), daut {Scot.), fa- 2. detach {contextual), pluck
vorite; spec, dotage, cosset, cade. spec); spec, cull, gather, pull, cut.
pet, a. cherished, favorite, fond, cosset, 8. Referring to a fowl, bird, etc.: clean
cocknw {ohs. or rare; Eng.), darling. {contextual), pluck; spec, plume {rare).
pet, n. fit, huff, tiff^ peeve {colloq. or slang). pickle, n. Spec, brine, marinade, dip.
petrify, v. t. lapidify {rare), lithify {rare); pickle, V. t. do {contextual), preserve {con-
spec, fossilize, calcify, gorgonize, enmar- textuxd); spec, brine, souse, marinade,
ble or immarble. corn, salt.
petroleum, n. rock oil; spec, kerosene, pickpocket, n. thief {contextual), gonoph
petrol {Eng.), gasoline {U. S. equiv. of {cant), robber (contextual), wire (cant;
Eng. "petrol"), naphtha, maltha, etc. Eng.); spec, cutpurse, dip (cant), pick-
petticoat, n. Spec, balmoral, criifoline, purse (obs.), dipper (cant), swell-mobs-
fustanella {in Greece). man (slang).
pew, n. 1. Referring to the inclosed seat: picture, n. I. piece (contextual); spec, por-
spec. box. trayal, portray (rare), scene, delineation,
2. Referring to the uninclosed seat: bench; daub, tableau, miniature, monochrome,
spec, slip {U. S.). monotint, perspective, drawing, etching,
philanthropist, n. philanthrope {rare); painting, od (colloq. or cant), watercolor
spec, humanitarian {often contemptuous). (colloq.), print, primitive, landscape, sky-
Antonyms: see misanthrope. scape, marine, seascape (a less proper
Philistine, n. Philister (a Germanism), equiv. of "marine"), lithograph, photo-
gigman {so used by Carlyle), Goth, Hun, graph, portrait, portraiture, chromo-
Vandal. graph, zincograph, pasticcio (Italian),
philosopher, n. philosoph {rare), philos- pastiche (French), pastel, cyclorama, pan-
ophaster {derogatory); spec, philosopheress orama, diorama, etc.
{fern.; humorous; rare), metaphysician, 2. See IMAGE, counterpart.
peripatetic, cynic, Scholastic, Lockian, pie, n. pastry (contexttud) ; spec, pati
Hegelian, etc. (French), patty, pattycake, bury.

^^ Cross references: see Note. petulant: irascible. phraseology: expression, dic-

pesky: unpleasant phantasm: fancy, apparition, tion, language.
pester: annoy. ghost. physio, a.: cathartic.
pestiferous: morbific, harmful, phantasy: fancy, caprice, im- physic, n.: drug, medicine,
destructive, deadly, irifeciious. agination. cathartic.
pesttlenoe: disease. pliantonK,7i.; apparition, idea. physical: material, corporeal.
pestilential: deadly, harmful, phantom, a.: apparitional, physician: doctor.
troublesome, infectious. ghostly. physique: build, constitution.
pet, V. '' indulge, caress. Pharisaic: hypocritical, formal. pl<^, V. i.: choose, eat.
petite: small. Pharisee: hypocrite. pick, n.: stroke, choice, best.
petition, n.: asking, address. phase: appearance, state. picked: choice.
petition, V. t.; ask, address. phenomenal: apparent, ex- picket, n.: sta^, detail, watcher,
petition, V. i.: ask, appeal. traordinary. post.
petted: pet. phenomenon; occurrence, ap- picket, V. t.: fence, guard, sta-
pettifog: prevaricate. pearance. tion.
pettifoceing: prevarication, plillology: linguistics. picnic: cf. EXCURSION.
trickery. phlegmatic: calm, dull, slug- pictorial: graphic.
pettlsli: irascible. gish. picture, V. t.: depict, imagine,
petty: unimportant, mean, in- phosphorescent: luminescent. describe.
ferior. plirase, v. t.: describe. piebald: party-colored.

(^^ See Notes of Explanation.

319
 .

PIECE
/Spec, hunk, hunch, junk, pigsty, n. swinery, hogsty, sty,
piggery.
piece, n. 1.
chunk, chuck, rag, lump, chump, mam- pilgrim, n. 1. See journeter.
mock (archaic), shred, scrap, snatch, chip, 2. devotee, palmer (hist, or archaic; prop-
cantle, cantlet, patch, flap, gobbet, end, erly spec), peregrinator (affected).
bit, block,blad {Scot), clip, cutting, bite, pill, n. ball (colloq. or contextual); spec.
mouthful, print, pat, cut, shce, cutlet, bolus, globule (from its shape), pellet (a
chop, fragment, clout [archaic or dial.), small piU), pilule (a small pill).
cabbage (a collective) '/See part.
.
pillar, n. 1. p;er, column (properly spec.);
2. In games: man; s'pec. blot, draught, spec, shaft, post, stanchion, stanchel,
pawn, king, knight, castle, queen, bishop. jamb, pilaster, atlas, caryatid, stele,
3. Referring to land: plot, plat, lot {chief- needle, obelisk, herm, columella, standard,
ly U. S.), area, patch, canton {obs. or newel.
rare); spec, field, square, bed, gore, cir- 2. See SUPPORT.

cle, block, corner. pillory, TO. 1. Referring to the instrument of

4. See EXAMPLE, COIN, FIRE ABM, COMPO- punishment: spec, jougs (Scot.; hist.),
SITION, ARTICLE, STATUE, PICTURE, SCULP- cangue (used in Chirm)
TURE. 2. Referring to the form of punishment:
piecemeal, a. Spec, limbmeal (archaic). spec, cyphonism (Greek antiq.).
pier, n. 1. support (contextual); spec, post, pimple, n. Spec, papula, papule, pust'._lc,
buttress, pillar, foundation. chalazion, wheal, ruby, carbuncle.
2. Referring to a pier in the water: spec. pimply, a. pimpled;
spec, pustular, pustu-
mole, quay, jutty, jetty, dike (local Eng.), late, pustulous.
groin, dock (colloq.); see wsart. pin, n. 1. peg; spec, nog, bolt, cog, spill,
pierce, v. t. 1. penetrate (contextual), em- bodkin, gnomon, forelock, norman (chief-
pierce (literary and intensive); spec, im- ly naut.), wrist, kevel, duledge, tongue,
pale, prick, pink, transpierce, transfix, tang, fin, broach, needle, dowel, toggle,
puncture, pick, breach, hole (rare), tere- thole, treenail, skewer, spile, style.
brate (rare), lance (poetic or spec), drill, 2. In games: spec, skittle, tenpin, nine-
bore, brog (dial.), gore, spear, dock (cook- pin, duckpin, candlepin.
ery), needle, giinlet, skewer, javelin; see pincerlike, o. forcipate (tech.)
PERFORATE (which implies the making of a pincers, n. pi. pinchers, tweezers, claw
hole clear through). (sing.), forceps; spec, pincette (sing.),
2. See AFFECT, ENTER, PERCEIVE. crowbill or crow's-bill (sing.).
piercing, a. 1. penetrative, penetrating, pioneer, n. 1. See engineer.
perceant (archaic and poetic), perforative; 2. forerunner, dewbeater (dial, or rare);
spec, cutting. spec, planter, settler, colonist.
2. See SHARP, AFFECTING, PAINFUL, HIGH pipe, TO. 1. Referring to a kind of musical in-
(in sound), discerning, sarcastic. strument: spec, fife, chanter, straw (col-
pig, n. swine, hog, porker; spec, roaster, loq.), pipes (pi.), flute, flageolet, oboe,
whinnock, Tantony (dial.), sow. shawm, hornpipe.
pigeon, n. dove (in ordinary iisage a some- 2. Referring to the smoker's pipe: spec.
what narrower term than "pigeon"); spec. meerschaum, callean or calean, hubble-
duffer, culver, cushat (chiefly Scot, and bubble, narghile, chibouk, hookah, dudeen,
dial. Eng.), squab, piper, homer, fantail, peacepipe, calumet (Amer. Indian).
pouter, tumbler, etc. 3. See TUBE, CASK.
pigeonlike, a. columbine (literary or tech.), pirate, to. 1. sea robber or (for short and
dovelike. contextual) robber, marauder (contextual),
pigment, n. color (contextual); spec, dye, corsair (chiefly spec.), rover (contextual),
paint, wash, tincture (rare). picaroon (rare), seadog (chiefly spec),
R^^ Cross references: see Note.
 — .

PLAIN
seathief {rare), sea wolf (o pseitdo-ar- venience^ district, division, latitude, longi-
chaism,)i marooner (rare), buccaneer; tude, neighborhood; see bounds.
spec, pnvateer, vildng. 3. Referring to a particular hcalUy as be-
2. Referring to the vessel: spec. saUee-man, ing a center of population and modified or
privateer. more or less determined in character by lo-
pirate, v. i.maraud {contextual), rob (am- cal usageSj customs, etc.: spec, city, town,
lextiuil), picaroon (rare); spec, privateer .- hamlet, village, dorp, borough, vill, etc.
pistol, n. 'firearm (contextual), flute (slang), 4. 'Referririg to a place as occupied by a
gun (colloq.), shooting iron (slang); spec. body: position, locaUty, location, situa-
revolver, snaphance, bulldozer, petronel, tion; spec, seat, site or (rare) situs, sta-
dag, derringer. tion, locus (tech.), emplacement or (rare)
piston, n. Spec, plunger, ram, bucket. placement, post, pitch (rare), whereabout
pit, n. 1. See hole, trap, atjditokhjm, or whereabouts.
HELL, ABYSS. 6. Referring to a portion of the earth's sur-
2. Referring to a surface depression as on face: see territory.
the body: hollow (contextual); spec, alveo- 6. With "in": in Ueu, in stead.
lus, puncture. See POSITION, abode, resort, rank,
7.
pltcli, V. i. 1. See descend, fail, engage. OPPORTTOJITY.
2. Referring to a ship's head on a down/- place, V. t. 1. locate, position (rare), situ-
ward motion: plunge. ate; spec, set, lay, rest, fix, shp, emplace,
Antonyms: see roll. dispose, bestow (archaic), pitch, station,
pitch, 71. 1. See throw, slope, degree, stand, ir stall, plant, collocate, perch,
INTENSITY, MODTTLATION. pose, impose (archaic), deposit, orientate
2. Of a ship: plunge. or orient, rank, tee (golf); see pack.
piteliex, n. ewer (literary or archaic), jug 2. Referring to the determination of the
(Eng.); spec, uroeus (tech.), urceolus position of a thing: locate, localize, allo-
(tech.). cate (learned, tech., or rare), position
pitolier-shaped, a. urceolate (tech.). (rare); spec, lodge.
pi til, n. 1. heart (contextual), core (con- 8. Referring to finding a position, as of
textual); spec, pulp, cord, medulla (tech.). employment, for: berth, billet.
2. See ENERGY, essence, force. 4. See DATE, class, attribute, put, ap-
pith, V. t. decerebrize (tech.). point, BESTOW.
pithy, o. 1. porous (contextual); spec. placing, n. 1. placement (rare), emplace-
corky. ment (literary or tech.); spec, fixation,
2. Referring to literature, etc.: substan- resting, stationing, depositing, installa-
tial, meaty, matterful (colloq.), pithful tion, bestowal (archaic), preposition
(rare); seeconcise, forcible. (rare), postposition, bedding, orientation.
Antonyms: see empty. 2. location, allocation (tech. or learned),
pitted, a. variolate, punctate, puncturate, localization.
foveate, foveolate or foveolated, alveo- placket, n. opening (contextual), placket
late, lacunose (rare), favose, cuppy; all hole, slit, fent (chiefly died. Eng.).
but pitted" and "cupped" learned or tech. plagiarist, n. plagiator (rare), plagiary
pivot, n. 1. axis, gugdeon (chiefly spec); (rare), transcribbler (contemptuous), crib-
spec, jewel. ber (colloq. or spec).
2. Fig.: see center. plagiarize, v. t. &
i. abstract (contextual),

place, n. 1. Referring to the general concep- crib (colloq. or spec), steal (extremely op-
tion of extension in space: see space. probrious).
2. Referring to a definite portion of space, plaid, n. pattern (contextual), checker or
of greaier or less extent and occupied or un- chequer; spec, tartan.
occupied: space; spec, spot, part, local- plain, n. flat, champaign (literary), cham-
ity, situation, location, side, region, quar- pian or champion (obs., dial., or archaic),
ter,scene, tract, corner, locale or (less level; spec, prairie, steppe, tundra, llano,
commonly, bui more properly) local, pro- pampa (chiefly in pi.), sebka (North Africa)
Ur Crass references: see Note. pitiable: lamentable, paltry, placard, v. t.: publish, adver-
pirouette: whirl. contemptible. tize.
piscatorial ; fishing. pitiful; compassionate, lamentr placate: pacify.
pit, V. (.: fight, oppose. able, pdltry, contemptible. placatory: pacificatory.
pit, V. t: hollow, indent. pittance: Utile, allowance, aims. placid: peaceful, calm.
pitch, n..* resin. pity, n.: compassion. placidity; peace, calm.
pitch, V. t.: erect, establish, pity, V. t.: compassionate. plague, n.: disease, annoyance.
throw, modulate, arrange. pivotal: axial, central. plague, V. t.: trouble, annoy.
pitchy: black. placable: pacifiable. plain, n.: clear, evident, intelli-
piteous; compassionate, lament- placard, n.: notice, advertise- gible, simple, homely, mere,
able. ment. duU, artless, crude, uniform.

XS' See Notes o( Explanation.

321
 FLAINSONG
Ardonyms: see hill, mountain. plaster, n. 1. In medicine: spec, cataplasm
plainsong, n. melody, counterpoint, can- (obs.), charge, sinapism, diachylon.

tilena (Italian; tech.), canto (music). 2. Spec, cement, parget, paste, stucco,

plan, n. 1. delineation (contextual); spec. staff, mortar, daub, mud.

diagram, chart, layout (U. S.), ichnogra- plaster, v. t. beplaster (an intensive); spec.
phy; see map. parget, daub, cement, tarras or trass,
.

3. idea, method, conception, design, mortar, stucco, staff.

scheme, system, program; spec, contriv- plasterwork, n. Spec, stucco, staff, par-
ance, device, arrangement, line, lay {slang geting, scaghola.
or cant), game, plot, rede (archaic or jio- plastic, a. 1. See creative.
etic), project; trick, forecast (rare), in- 2. moldable, fictile,formable, ductile.
trigue, conspiracy. Antonyms: see elastic, rigid.
plan, V. t. 1. See delineate, diagram. plate, n. 1. Spec, sheet, lameUa (tech.),
2. contrive, arrange, study, design; spec. paten (rare), web, plaque, escutcheon,
provide, set, lay, concert, calculate (ar- fish plate or (for short) fish, slab, scute or
chaic), project, program (rare), premedi- scutum, vamplate, tile, planch, sala-
tate, devise, block (chiefly wUh "out"), mander; see lamina.
shape, cast, plot, forecast (rare), maneu- 2. dish (contextual), paten (archaic or
ver, conspire. hist., exc. spec); spec, platter, griddle or

plan, V. i. devise, shape, contrive; spec. girdle.

arrange, study, scheme. 3. (See engraving.
plane, n. 1. plaia (archaic), flat; spec. plate, 1. overlay;
v. t. spec, gild, silver,
horizon. platinize, nickel, etc.
2. See DEGREE. 2. In printing: spec, electrotype, stereo-
plane, v. t. smooth; spec, mill, traverse. type.
planet, n. star (contextual), hght (contexir plateau, n. highland, platform, tableland;
vol); spec, primary, secondary (a less usu- spec, mesa (southern U. S.), field, paramo
al equiv. of "satellite"), satellite, signifi- (chiefly So. Amer.), puna.
cator, lord, hyleg, etc.. Mercury, Venus, Antonyms: see valley, peak.
earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, plate-shaped, a. placoid (tech.).
Neptune. platform, n. 1. floor (contextual), dais
planking, n. plank (a colledtive); spec, (rare, exc. spec), stage, pulpit (archaic or
and collectively) berthing, skin, compar- spec); spec, scaffold, suggestum (Roman
tition (rare). antiq.), emplacement, perron, catafalque,
planning, n. contriving, arrangement, footboard, drop, roundtop, top, turn-
study, See plan, v. t.
etc. table, stand, bridge, predella; see dais,
plant, n. 1. organism (contextual), wort rostrum.
(obs. or rare, exc. in combination); spec. 2. See STATEMENT.
herb, set, vegetable, plantlet, exotic, platter, n. plate, charger (Hilary or tech.),
seedling, flower, flora (a collective; tech.), trencher (obs. or hist.); spec, grajl.
quick (a collective; archaic or rare) , herblet. plausible, a. 1. specious, fair-seeming,
2. See apparatus, equipment, estab- colorable, colored.
lishment. 2. fair-spoken, smooth, suave, bland.
plant, V. t. 1. set (chiefly with "out"); play, V. i. 1. move (contextual); spec, lap,
spec, transplant, sow, prick, tub, ridge, lick, dance, caper, jiggle, flutter, wave,
replant. ripple; see caper, wave.
Antonyms: see uproot, extirpate. 2. idle, disport (literary), sport (chiefly
2. See rix, hide, deposit, put, colonize, spec); spec, toy, wanton, trifle, flirt; see
settle. frolic, toy.
plantation, n. 1. A group of cultivated Antonyms: see work, study.
plants: spec, basket, pinetum, pinery, 3. perform (formal); spec melodize (chief-
nopalry, vineyard. ly humorous or jocular), flourish, descant,
2. See estate, fabm. pipe, drum, finger, pick, pluck, blow,
plant -eating, a. herbivorous, phytopha- chime, harp, flute, fiddle, doodle (Scot.),
gous (tech.), phytivorous (a hybrid term). duet (rare), thrum, smite (the harp; poetic).

VW^ Cross references: see Note. planch: plate. plat, V. t: braid.

plain-spoken: blunt, frank._
plaint: lamentation, complairU.
plaintifl: accuser.
plaintive: mournful.
plait, n.; fold, braid.
plait, V. L: fold, braid.
plaiting: braid.
plane: flat. plat, n.: piece, diagram, map.
plank: hoard. plat, V. t: diagram.
planter: farmer^ pioneer. platitude: commonplace.
plash, V. i.: interlace. platitudinlze: commonplace.
plash, V. i,: splash. platitudinous: com,7nonplace.
plash, n.; splash, rain. platoon: body, set.
plashy: marshy. plaudit;

11;?° See Notes of Explanation.

322
 PLEASURABLE
4. In playing cards: spec, crossruff (can<), cious, delectable {often ironical or humor-
seesaw, nig (slang), renege, revoke, dis- ous) ^ delectate {rare), lovely, charming,
card. fascmating, captivating, entrancing, pre-
Antonyms: see pass. possessing, pretty, nice, sweet, blessed,
6. See SHINE, GAMBLE. luscious, attractive, gracious {now archaic
play, V. 1. 1. move [contextual); spec, wield, or poetic), desirable, satisfactory, dulcet,
ply, operate, dribble (in football); see joysome {rare), joyful, gladsome, good,
FIRE, THROW, EXERCISE. welcome, seemly, gratifying, flattering,
5. Referring to the playing of a musical in- pleasureful {rare), lustly {archaic), glon-
strument: touch (chiefly with "strings," ous {coUoq.), jolly {coUoq.), goluptious
"keys," etc., as the object); spec, sweep, {slang or humorous); see acceptable.
pick, pluck, tune, breathe, bow, finger, Antonyms: see torturous, unpalatable,
twane, twangle, band {contemplvmLs), unpleasant, offensive, abominable,
pound {contemptuous), doodle {chiefly shocking, disgusting, unbearable.
Scot.), drum, thrum. 2. Referring to a person's conduct toward
8. Referring to the playing of a card or others: see agreeable.
piece in a game: spec, throw, table, move, pleasantry, n. 1. play, banter, raillery,
discard, sacrifice. badinage {French), dicacity {obs. or ar-
4. See ACT, EJCECUTE, OPPOSE, DISCHARGE. chaic), persiflage, chaff; spec, jesting,
play, n. t. motion
{contextual); spec, wield- pleasance {archaic), drollery, facetious-
ing, lap, Uck, lambency, dance; see jig- ness, funniment {jocular or colloq.).
gle, CAPER, PLtTTTER, WAVE, RIPPLE, 2. Of the act exhibiting pleasantry: banter,
exercise. drollery, rally, raillery, roast {coUoq.), fun-
2. Spec, disport, sport, fim, toy, toying, niment {jocular or coUoq.), facetiffl {pi.;
trifling, flirtmg; see frolic. Latin); see jest.
Antonyms: see work. please, v. t. pleasure {rare), take; spec. d&-
5. See DIVERSION, sport. Ught, obUge, charm, captivate, enchant,
4. sport, fim; see jest. enamour (Chiefly used with "of"), gratify,
Antonyms: see earnestness. flatter, tickle, satisfy, ecstasize, enrap-
5. R^erring to a gam£: spec, throw, move, ture, titillate, enravirfi {literary), hit {col-
sacrifice, crossruff, seesaw, renege. loq.), suit, regale {rare); see elate,
6. A
theatrical play: piece, drama, comedy, gladden.
tragedy, revue (French); see drama. Antonyms:
see pain, offend, anger,
7. See turn, discharge, freedom, dra- disgust, grieve, displease.
ma, action, gambling, perporhance. please, v. i. like. That "please" and "liW
player, n. 1. performer; see musician, act- here are intransUives with the infinitive as
or, acrobat. the accusative showing the subjed of pleas-
2. See gambler. ure, is shown by the fact that this use is ex-
playful, a. sportive, playsome {rare), actly equivalent to the passive expression
gamesome {literary); spec, kittenish, "I shall be pleased to," etc.
tricksy {literary), tricksome {chiefly liter- pleased, a. Spec, delighted, glad, glad-
ary), wanton, half-serious, toyful, toy- some, gladful, jubilant {archaic), gladly
some; see FROLICSOME, mischievous. {archaic), fain, happy, joyful, joyous, joy-
Antonyms: see earnest, serious. ant {rare), gleeful, high, satisfied, eude-
playground, n. playstead {rare); spec. monic {rare), bUthe or olithesome {chiefly
court. voetic), elate, exultant, blissful, blessed,
plaything, n. sport, toy, whimwham {ar- blest, heavenly, paradisiacal, paradisial,
chaic or rare); spec, hewgag {U. S.), doll, proud.
puzzle, whirUgig, kite. Antonyms: see angry, blank; also cf.
pleading, n. allegation, plea; spec, bill, OFFEND.
answer, complaint, duply {ohs. or hist.), pleasure, n. 1. Referring to the mental
duplication, demurrer, reply, rebutter, state or emotion: p'.easedness {rare), pleas-
surrebutter, etc. ance {archaic and poetic); spec, delight,
pleasant, a. 1. pleasing, pleasurable, delectation {now rather affected or hur
agreeable, acceptable: spec, comfortable, morousfor "delight"), happiness, gladness,
likable or likeable, admirable, enjoyable, gladsomeness, joy, joyfulness, joyance,
d^ghtful, delightsome {literary), deh- joyancy, delectation, felicity, bliss, blissful-

ly* Cross nfirences: see Note. playsome: playful. pleach: interlace.

playbill: notice. playtime: holiday.
playday: holiday. playwright: dravruUist,
playfellow: comrade. plaza: aqriare.
playhouse: theater. plea: ailegationt defense,
playmate; comrade. excuse, appeal.
plead, V, i.: appeal, answer.
plead, v. t.: defend^ state.
pleader: advocate.
daimt pleasing, a.: pleasant.
pleasurable: pleasant.

tS°° See Notes ol Explanation.

323
 PLEASURE
ness, liking, gratification, satisfaction^ en- break, fallow (spec, or rare); spec, sub-
joyment, elation, jubilance, jubilancy, jubi- soil, rib, ridge, rafter, hack.
lation, jubilee {rare), beatitude, blessed- 2. See CLEAVE.
ness, blitheness, paradise, glory, elysium, plower, plougher, n. plowman, tiller,
heaven, heyday, jocundity {rare), eude- plowjogger (humorous or contemptuous),
mony {rare); see rejoicing, admiration. clodhopper (derogatory).
Antonyms: see anger, orrENSE, ca- plowing, ploughing, n. earing (ohs. or ar-
lamity,- DISGUST, pain, TORTtIRE, DIS- chaic), tilling; spec, coaration (rare).
PLEASURE. plow-wise, ploughwise, adv. boustrophe-
2. Unerring to the thing thai pleases: spec. don.
delight, Joy, gratification, satisfaction, en- pluck, n. 1. See pull, jerk.
joyment, treat, diversion, entertainment. 2. viscera, haslet or harslet, gather (obs.;
Antonyms: see torture. chiefly spec).
8. See WILL. plug, n. douk (chiefly Scot.); spec, dowel,
pleasure, v. i. 1. Spec, delight, Joy, Jubi- dottle, plunger, wad, tampion; see stop-
late; see REJOICE. per, PLEDGET.
2. See WILL, DEsniB. plumage, n. feather (chiefly in pi.), feath-
plebeian, a. 1. basebom or base, prole- ering, plume (chiefly in pi.); spec, hackle
tarian, popular {rare), gregal or gregarian or heckle, down, downiness, mantle, mir-
(rare), roturier {French), ignoble {rare ror, mail.
or liierary), vulgar {rare), common, mean. plume, n. 1. feather, plumage (rare); spec.
Antonyms: see aristocratic, noble, plumet, egret, culgee (Anglo-Indian).
KINGLY. panache; spec, crest.
2.
2. See COMMONPLACE, LOW, COARSE. plummet,
n. weight (contextual), lead,
plebeian, n. proletarian, proletary, pleb bob, plumb.
{slang), roturier {French; often spec.); plump, a. 1. fat, full, rotund, chubby,
spec, client (Roman hist.). chuS (obs. or dial, eguiv. of "chubby"),
Antonyms: see noble. embonpoint (French), fuU-figured, crum-
plebeianism, n. plebeianness (rare), TO- my (slang), buxom, sleek, pudgy (rare),
ture (French). plumpy (rare), opulent (a GaMidsm).
pledge, n. 1. security, plight (rare), gage, Antonyms: see thin.
pawn; spec, hostage, deposit, collateral, 2. See DIRECT, BLUNT.
wager (obs. or archaic), stake. plumpness, n. fatness, rotundity, embon-
2. See EARNEST, TOAST, PROMISE. point (French).
pledge, V. t. & i. 1. deliver (conleidual), plunder, v. t. 1. With the person or thing
plight (chiefly poetic or rhetorical; now from which plunder is taken as its object:
rare); spec, deposit, wage (obs. or ar- pillage or (archaic) pUl; spec, harry, dev-
chaic), pawn, impawn (rare or emphatic), astate, rifle, ravage, loot, rob, desolate,
gage (archaic), hypothecate, mortgage, sack, spoil, despou, strip, maraud, raid,
impledge (rare), impignorate (chi^y ransack (rare), flay, ravish, spoliate,
Scots law), pignorate (rare), dip (coUoq. pluck, fleece, foray, gut, dacoit (India),
eguiv. of"pawn"), borrow (obs.), stake. pirate, picaroon (rare), boothale (ar-
Antonyms: see free. chaic), pilfer (rare).
2. See BIND, PROMISE, TOAST. Antonyms: see protect, enrich.
pledget, n. stupe, dossil, tent, [tampion, 2. With the thing as object which is taken
plug. away: pillage or (archaic) pill; spec.
pleonasm, n. superfluity (caniextual), re- rifle, harry, loot, rob, strip, ransack (rore),
dundancy, verbosity; spec, tautology, pirate, ravish, scoff (slang), pilfer (rare).
diSuseness. plunder, y. i. pillage, raven, reave or
pleonastic, a. superfluous {contextual), re- (Scot.) reive; spec, maraud, rob, depre-
dundant. date, boothale (archaic), loot, foray, for-
plow, plough, V. t. 1. ear (archaic), till, age, pirate, freeboot, prey, pilfer (rare).
X^ Cross references: see Note. plethoric: fullrblooded, bomr conspiracy, intrigue.
pleat: fold. bastic. plot, v.: diagram, plan, deoise,
plenary: absolute. plexus: netuoork, group. conspire, intrigue.
plenipotentiary, a.: absolute. pliable: flexible, adaptable, pluck: puU.
plenipotentiary, n.: diplo- manageable. plucky: courageous.
matic agent. pliant: flexible, yidding, com. plumb, a.: vertical.
plenitude: abundance^ fullness. plaisant, adaptable, manage- plumb, adv.: vertically, exactly.
plenteous: abundant. able. plumb, V. i.: sound.
plenty, n.: abundance. plicate: fold. plume, V. t.: feather, spruce,
plenty, a.: abundant. pUcation: folS. congratulate.
plenum: fidlness, space, oa- plod: walk, drudge. plump, 0. t.: fatten, distend.
sembly. plop: fall. plump, V. i.: fall, blurt.
plethora: excess. plot, n.: piece, diagram, plan. plump, adv.: direcUy, suddenly.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

324
 . —
POKK
plunder, n. 1. Referring to the action: pil- conian, mural (rare), Parnassian {chiefiy
lage; spec, rapine, ravin, sack, sackaee spec); spec, elegiac, epic or epical, epodic,
{rare), narrying, prey {archaic)) spoil, <fe- idyUic.
spoliation. spoliation, expilation (rare), poeticize, v. i. compose {contextual), poet-
reave or (Scot.) reive, plunderage (rare), ize; spec, elegize, lyricize, sonneteer.
freebooting, devastation, desolation, ma- Antonyms: prose.see
raud; see ROBBERT. poetry, n. 1. poesy {archaic), Muse, verse;
2. Referring to what is taken: booty, pil- spec, rime, song, epos, ghazal, macaronic,
lage, plunderage {rare), spoil, loot, ravin minstrelsy {rare).
{rare or literary), rapine {rare or literary), 2. poeticalness, poeticness; both rare.
creagh or creacn (Scot, andlr.) pilfer {rare) point, n. 1. Spec needle, style, pin, tang
,

plundering, a. predatory, depredatory, {now dial, or spec), prong, spike, nib,

ravenous. neb, tine, pointrel (rare), pike, gad,
ply, V. t. 1. See exercisk, plat, attack, prickle, fin, beakiron, aciculus, spicule,
URGE. spine, tag, calk, calkin, bodkin, lang.
2. belabor {as with arguments or questions; 2. Referring to any more or less angular
rare), assail; spec, overwhelm. end: spec, tip, apex, cusp {chiefly tech.),
pocket, n, i. See hollow, cui>de-8AC, angle, peak, neb, nib, toe, spout;
BIN. Antonyms: see side.
•2. Referring to a pocket in a garment or at- 8. See DOT, place, degree, PAitTiCTn<AB,
tached to the person: placket {rare); spec. FEATURE, EFFECTIVENESS, MOMENT, LACE,
fob, burse. TIP.
pocket, V. t. pouch {rare or archaic); spec. point, V. t. sharpen {contextual), acuminate
appropriate, steal. {rare).
pocketbook, n. wallet {runo obsolescent), pointed, a. 1. sharp; spec, acute, cusped,
porte-monnaie {French). cuspated or cuspidate, mucronate or mu-
poem, n. poesy {archaic); spec, ballad, cy- cronated, mucronulate, peaked, peaky,
cle, dit {archaic), ditty, duan {Gaelic), picked {archaic), piked, beaked, acicu-
eclogue, epic, epigram, epilogue, epitha- late, spiry.
lamium, epode, erotic, fabliau (French), Antonyms: see blunt.
georgic, gloss, hetoic^ heroid, iambic, 2. See direct, EPFEcrrvE, sharp.
idyll or idyl, ithyphaUic, Limerick, lyric, pointer, n. 1. directer; spec finger,
madrigal, melody, monody, mythopoem, gnomon, hand, arm, fescus, index, tongue.
ode, odelet, partheniad {rare), pastoral, 2. <See tip.
Pindaric, quatorzain, rhapsody, ron- poison, n. 1. virulence, venom {archaic or
deau, Romance, rondel, rune {Finnish), spec), toxicant (tech.), virus (tecA. or lit-
satire, sestina or sestine, sirvente_ {lUd- erary); spec, toxin, conta,gion, drug.
ian), song, sonnet, Thebaid, Theseid, tri- AnUmyms: see antidote!.
olet, virday, Voluspa, monostich, deca- 2. See coRRtrpTioN.
stich, tristich, tetrastich, pentastich, hex- poison, a. toxic, venomous; see poison-
astich, heptastich, octastich, telestich, etc. ous.
poet, n. maker {archaic), epopceist {rare), poison, ti. t. 1. intoxicate (rare), venom
Parnassian {chiefly spec), versifier or verse- {archaic or spec), envenom (lit^ary and
man{contemptuous), bard, poetaster {de- intensive; chiefly fig.), venenate (rare),
predatory); spec, rimer or rhymer, rimist empoison {rhetorical or a literary inten-
or rbynrist {rare), rimester or rhymester sioe; often fig.); spec drug, veratrize,
(depreciatory), poeticule, poetling, bard- vitriolize.
ling,poetess (fern.), druid, elegist, epicist, Antonyms: see disinfect.
gnomic, iambist. Laker, Lakist, lyricist, 2. See EMBITTER.
fyrist, minnesinger, Ronsardist or Ron- poisonous, a. venomous {archaic or s^ec),
sardian {rare), scop {hist.), skald. Son- virulent (chiefly spec), poisoning, virous
neteer, sonnetist (rare), troubadour, {rare), venenous (rare), venenose {rare),
trouv&e. toxicant (tech.), toxic (tech.); spec, me-
ArUonyrhs: see prosaist. phitic.
poetic, a. poietic {rare or learned), poet- Antonyms: see innocuotts, healthful.
ical, creative, imaginative, Dircaean, HeU- poke, V. t. 1. push (contextual), thrust.

t^' Cross tcferences; see Note.

^
excess. pod; hull.
plunge, n.: thrust, dive, dip, ply, V. t: fold. poignant: painful, pungent,
descent, throw, gamble. ply, n.: fold, layer. [urge. intense.
plunge, v.: sink, thrust, dive, ply, 0. t.: exercise, play, attack, poise, n :balance, carriage.
dip, descend, throw, gamble, poach, V, t.t trample, mix. poise, v.: balance.
plunger: gambler, piston. poach, V. i.: walk, sink. poke, V. i.: project, move, toorh,
plurality: multitude, majority. poach, V. i.: hunt. delay.

SS^ See Notes of Explanation.

22
325
 POLE
prod, jab (coUoq.), job (coUoq.), punch; gaUantness, breeding, gallantry, gracious-
spec. pole. ness, urbanity, mannerliness, attentive-
2. •See PROTRUDE. ness, respect.
pole, n. 1. stick, beam, mast (chiefly spec); Antonyms: see impoliteness, con-
spec, shaft (now rare), spile, pile, stave, tempt, IMPUDENCE.
sprit, staff, stang (Scot, and dial.), caber pond, n. lake (contextual); spec, pondlet,
(Scot), upher (Eng.), quant (Eng.). cistern (rare), tank (dial, or local), pool,
2. Referring to the pole of a vehicle: tongue, carr (local Eng.), piscina or piscine (rare),
reach, shaft, staff, nib, neap {V. S.), decoy; see pool, vivarium.
dissel-boom (South Africa). pony, n. hobby (archaic or hist.); spec.
policeman, n. copper (slang), bluebottle potro (Spanish), chelty (Scot.), goonhiUy
(slang), bluecoat (colloq.), cop (slang), (Eng.), merlin, tat or tatt (Anglo-Indian).
bulk or bulky (Eng. slang), bobby (Eng. pool, n. pond (contextual); spec, fresh,
slang), peeler (Eng. slang), runner (Eng. plash, puddle, linn (chiefly Scot.), tank,
slang), Robert (rare; Eng.), trap (Eng. Bethesda, natatorium, jheel (East India),
spec. constable, gendarme
decoy (hunting).
(French), pristaf •
(iJ'iissian), poor, a. 1. impecunious, impecuniary
patrolman,
roundsman (U. S.), sergeant, points- (rare), needy, needful (rare); spec, beg-
man (Eng.). garly, destitute, penniless, indigent, mon-
polish, V. t. 1. smooth
(contextual), shine, eyless, poverty-stricken, doUarless (o
slick; spec, scour, burnish, furbish, glance nonce word), fortuneless.
(fecA.; U. S.), glaze, planish, levigate, Antonyms: see rich, prosperous.
buff, pumice. 2. See DEFICIENT, imperfect, meager,
Antonyms: see roughen. thin, unproductive, humble, inferior,
2. See REFINE. insignificant, unskillful.
polisb, n. 1. shine; spec, burnish, glaze, poorhouse, n. workhouse, almshouse.
poorly, adv. i. ill; spec, imperfectly, de-
2. See BBEINEMENT, ACCOMPLISHMENT, fectively, indifferently, inadequately, bad-
ELEGANCE. ly, wretchedly, sorrily, meanly, miserably,
polished, a. 1. burnished, glossy; spec. insuflficiently, scantily, pitifiuly.
glac6 (French). Antonyms: see well.
Antonyms: see rough, dead. Spec, piteously. humbly, weakly, ab-
2.
2. (See BEPTNED, elegant. jectly, contemptibly, despicably, etc.
polisher, n. polissoir (French); spec, bur- pope, n. bishop (contextual), popeline (di-
nisher, rubber, bob, skive, jigger, buff, minutive and contemptuous), papa (o6s.),
runner, doUy, lapper. high priest (rare).
polite, a. 1. civil, courteous, genteel (now popularize, v. t. vulgarize (rare), general-
often somewhat depreciatory), gentle (ar- ize (rare), democratize, familiarize (now
chaic), mannerly; spec, soft, gracious, at- rare).
tentive, gentlemanly or (less usual) gen- porch, n. 1. entrance (contextual), stoop (a
tlemanlike, urbane, courtly, gallant, chiv- loose or erroneous use; U. S.); spec, gal-
alrous, debonnair (a literary archaism); ilee, distyle.
seeRESPECTFUL. 2. See VERANDA.
Antonyms: see impolite, contemptu- pork, n. The flesh of swine: spec, pig, hog
ous, impudent, ungentlemanlt, un- (rare), swine (rare or contemptumts), gam-
mannerly, BOORISH, ROWDTISH. mon, sparerib, souse, bacon, etc.
2. See REPINED, elegant. porous, a. holey, open.
politeness, a. civiUty, courtesy, courte- Antonyms: see compact.
ousness, gentilesse (archaic), politesse porridge, n. Spec, gruel, loblolly (obs. or
(French; depreciatory), comity (literary or dial, equiv. of grud"), pap, mush, flum-
legal); spec, devoir (archaic or literary). mery, stirabout, hasty pudding, crowdie
B^= Cross references: see Note. pollute: dirty, foul, contami- poorly:
pole, V. L: -push, Tnove. nate, desecrate. pop, V. i.: crack.
polemic, a.: disputatious. poltroon: coward, pop, v. t.: explode, present.
polemic, 71.: disputant, dispute. pommel: knob. pop, n.: explosion.
policy: certificate, art. pomp: grandeur shorn,
f pope: bishop.
policy: wisdom, art, expediericy. pompon: bdIX, tuft. [bosfic populace: people.
politic: wise, artftd, expedient, pompous: self-importar^bom* popular: public, plebeian, lay,
timeserving. ponder: consider. common, acceptahle, accept^,
political: public. ponderous: heavy, tnosstss, cheap.
politics: government. labored, dull. populate: people.
polity: government, state. pontiff:priest, bishop, pore, V. i.: gaze, consider,
poll,n.; head, list. pontoon: boat. pore, n.: hole.
poll, V. t.: top, cut, list. pool, n.: fund, associoHon. porosity: hole.
pollard, a.: hornless. pool, v.: combine. porous: holey.

tS= See Notes oi Ezplanatioil,

326
 POTSHERD
or crowdy (Sect. & dial. Eng.). burgoo, spec. practicabiUty, feasibility, workabil-
brochan (Scot.), drammock (Scot.), pa- ity.
nada or panade, polenta, sagamite (Amer. Antonyms: impossibility (qf. impossible).
Indian). 2. See CONTINQENCT.
port, n. 1. See gate. 3. Referring to the thing: potential, may-
2. opening (contextual), porthole, em- be (colloq.).
brasure (rare). possible, a. 1. Referring to capdbUUy of be-
port, M. Nautical: larboard (obs.). ing broitght into existence: potential; spec.
portable, a. portative (chiefly hist.), car- compossible (rare or literary), practicable,
riageable (rare). feasible, workable, doable (colloq. or ivr-
Antonyms: see fixed. elegant).
portico, n. colonnade; spec, stoa, parvis, Antonyms: see impossible.
exedra, proaulion, Poeciie, xyst, veranda, 2. Referring to what is capable of being
prostyle, hexastyle, octastyle, etc. (that is of being, or not being, true; or of
pose, V. t. place (contextual), posture, pos- coming, or not coming, to pass) so far as the
turize (rare), set. mind can see: see contingent, thinkable.
pose, V. i. posture, attitudinize (chiefly de- possibly, adv. potentially, etc., maybe; see
predatory), posturize (rare); spec, pea^ PERHAPS.
cock (rare). post, n. Spec, stake, picket, baluster,
position, n.l. place, situation, station, stud, jamb, sidepost. cheek, newel, bol-
set, standpoint, oearing; spec, gauge. lard, puncheon, bitts (pi.), loggerhead, dol-
2. posture. phin, rymer, stump, heel, harre (dicH. Eng.
8. place, situation, billet, post, berth; equiv. of "heel" of a gate); see pillar, pier.
spec. oflSce, bed, incumbency, dignity, in- post, V. t. 1. mail (U. S.), drop.
tendancy, magistrature, magistracy, mas- 2. iSee list, inform, ptjbush.
tership, portfoho, countship, professor- 3. enter, record.
ship, judgeship, etc. postcard, n. postal. Som£ distinguish a
4. Byerririjg to the place one holds in pub- "postal" from a "postcard."
lic estimation or customary consideration: postdate, v. t. mistime (contextual).
place, status (tech. or literary), situation, Antonyms: see antedate.
standing, dignity, honor; see rank. posterior, n. 1. See back.
6. Referring to the mental view taken or 2. rear; spec, crissum; see rtjmp, but-
professed: see attitude. tocks.
possess, V. t. 1. See have, own, inform, postern, n. doorway (contextual), posticum
coNTROii, keep, affect, convincb. (rare).
2. Referring to possession by spirits: di- postscript, n. addition (contexlvMl), envoy
abolize, demonize, bespirit; spec, bedevil, (literary or learned), subscript, subscrip-
obsess (only in the passive). tion.
possession, n. 1. naving; spec, seizin, Antonyms: see preface.
tenure. posture, n. 1. position, attitude, pose, set
2. See HOLD, OWNERSHIP, PROPERTY, (colloq.); spec, decumbence or decum-
conviction. bency (liierary or tech.), decubitus, squat,
8. theolepsy, enthusiasm (rore); spec.be- guard.
devilment, obsession. 2. See attitude, state.
possessor, n. haver, holder; spec, bearer. pot, n. Spec, crock, kettle, bicker, crag-
possibility, n. 1. potentiality, potency; gan (archosol.), posnet (archaic), jar, jar-
t^* Cross references: see Note. portraiture: depiction, picture, postfix: suffix.
port, V. t.: carry. description. postlude: afterpiece.
port, n,: carriage. portray: depict, describe. postpone: defer, subordinate.
portage: transportation, carry. pose, V. t: nonplus. postulate, n.: condition, propo-
portal: doorway, gate. pose, n.: posture. sition, assumption.
portend: signify. poser: settler. postulate, V. t.: ask, assume.
portent: sign, wonder. posit: assume. posture, V. t.: pose.
portentous: aignifuxini, e3> positive: decides. potable: drirmMe.
traordinary, wonderful. posse: force. potation: drink, beverage.
porter: doorkeeper, gatekeeper. possessed: derangeS,Seterminei. potatory: drinkable.
porter: transporter. post, V. i.: hasten. potency: power, intensity, in-
portfolio: case. post, n.: messenger, mail. fluence.
portlAre: curtain. post, V. t.: place, station. potent: powerfid, intense, in-
portion, n.: part, share, faie, post,n.: place, fort^ication,garri- fluential.
dower. [dower. son, branch, position, stage, skir potentate: state, ruler.
portion,!), ^: apportion, endow, tion, set&ement, goal. potential: possible, powerful.
portly: dignified, fat. poster: notice. pother: dust, disturbance, fuss.
portmanteau: handbag. poster: messenger. potion: drink, dose.
portrait: picture, likeness, posterior: later, hind. potpourri: rriedley.
description. posterity: descendant. potsherd: fragment.

iS' See Notes of Explanation.

327
 .

POTTAGE
dinifere (French), jaokshay or jackshea cal), mighty (rhetorical), mightful (ar-
(Aiistralia) chaic), obs. or rare), puissant
maia (now
potter, V. i. putter, fiddle, trifle, fiddle- (literary), potential (rare); spec, prepo-
faddle, poke, niggle, dabble, dawdle; see tent (intensive), multipotent (rare), Her-
culean, armipotent, bellipotent (runo
TRIFLE.
pottering, a. trifling, poky or poking {coir jocose or ironical).
loq.), etc. Antonyms: see weak, faint, power-
pound, inclosure (fiontextval) , green-
n. less.
yard (.JEng.), penfold, pinfold. 2. see able, forcible, influential,
pour, V. t. 1. flow (contextual); spec, de- COGENT.
cant, souse, pump (fig.), effund (rare), ef- powerless, a. weak, strengthless. impo-
fuse (rare), transfuse (rare), flood, super- tent, forceless, mightless (archaic); spec.
fuse (rare; literary), cascade, cataract, helpless, paralytic.
libate. Antonyms: see powerful, strong.
2. See LAVISH. practical, a. 1. Referring to what has to do
pouring, n. pour (rare); spec, decanta- . with practice, action, or fact, as opposed to
tion, effusion, transfusion (rare), regurgi- "theoretical" or "ideal": positive, practic
tation, circumfusion, perfusion (rare), li- (archaic), operative, pragmatical or prag-
bation. matic (obs., exc. in theol.), hard-headed or
poverty, n. 1. impecuniosity, impecuni- (rare) hard; see matteh-op-fact.
ousness, indigence; spec, pauperism, beg- Antonyms: see visionary, imagina-
gary, pennilessness, penury, destitution, tive.
need, neediness, necessity, want. 2. See USEFUL, virtual, working.
Antonyms: see wealth. practice, practise, v. t. 1. See DO, exeb-
2. Spec, deficiency, meagemess, humble- CISE, PURSUE.
ness, etc. 2. To do
or perform habitually in order to
powder, n. dust; spec, flour, meal, grit, acquire skill: do (contextual), perform, re-
pulvil (rare), farina (rare), bloom, diapasm hearse, record; spec, repeat.
(archaic), putty, rouge, pounce; see ef- practice, practise, n. 1. See exercise,
PLORESCENCE, DOSE, COSMETIC, DUST. PURSUIT, CUSTOM, HABIT, ARTIFICE.
powder, v. t. 1. sprinkle (contextual), be- 2. performance, rehearsal, recording;
powder (intensive), dust; spec, flour, spec, repetition.
meal (rare), dredge, pounce, frost. 3. Referring to the active or absolute sense
2. See PULVERIZE. of carryingon or conducting something, as
powdery, a. dusty, pulverulent, pulver- opposed to "theory": performance, ortho-
aceous or pulverous (rare); spec, floury, praxy (rare), conduct; see ceremony,
mealy, farinaceous (obs., exc. med.). USAGE.
power, n. 1. Referring to a capacity for ex- 4. Referring to the intransitive sense of a
erting physical force or achieving results: way of action or proceeding: see proce-
strength, might (poetic or rhetorical), dure.
force (now rare), energy, virtue, puissance prairie, a. plain (U. S. and colonial British;
(literary), potency or potence (rare), chiefly in pi.); spec, steppe, savannah,
reach; spec, leverage, arm (fig.). prairillon (rare).
Antonyms: see weakness. Antonyms: see forest.
2. Referring to. exerted physical power, or praise, v. t. approve (contextual), applaud
power in action: see force. (chiefly spec); spec, bepraise, puff, laud,
8. authority; spec, (in the sense of "power exalt, flatter, extol, bless, magnify, glori-
of attorney") procuration (rare, exc. spec), fy, celebrate, commend, acclaim, eulo-
carte blanche (French), warrant, proxy. gize, coUaud (rare), crack (colloq.), pre-
4. potentate; see state, ruler. conize (rare), doxologize, sing, carol,
5. See ability, influence, faculty, chant (poetic), hymn, compliment.
CONTROL, MEANING, INTENSITY, COGENCY, Antonyms: see scold, reprove, cen-
MULTITUDE, STATE, RULER. sure, CONDEMN, ABUSE, DEFAME, DISPAR-
powerful, a. 1. strong, energetic, forceful, AGE, RIDICULE.
forcible, potent (chiefly poetic or rhetori- praise, n. approval (contextual), applause

t^^ Cross references: see Note. poultry: fowl. pound, V. t.: impound.
pottage: soup. pounce, n.: powder. pound, V. t.: pulverize, beat.
pottery: certmiicst earthen^- pounce, n.: claw. pour, V. i.: flow.
ware. pounce, V, i.: swoop, jump, pour, n.: flow, pouring.
pouch, n.: bag. dart, descend. pout, V. i.: sul^.
pouch, V. t: pocket, swallow. pounce, n.: swoop, jump, dart, practised, practiced: experi-
pouch, V. i.: bag. descent. . enced.
pouchy: bag-shqiped. pounce, V. t.: seize. practitioner: worker.

tS° See Notes of Explanation.

328
 PRECURSORY
(chiefly spec); spec, acclaim, acclama- preaching, n. discourse (contextual); spec.
tion, laud {rare), laudation, puff, extol- pulpitry,sermonizing, homiletics (pL),
ment, exaltation, magnification, glorifica- preachment (chiefly contemptuous), pred-
tion, celebration, conmiendation, coUau- ication (archaic), evangelization.
dation (rare), doxology, puffery, compli- prearrange, ti. t. arrange (contextual); spec.
ment or complimentation; see eulogt. preorder (rare), preconcert, precontract.
Antonyms: see scolding, reproop, prearranged, a. cut-and-dried (colloq.;
DISPARAGEMENT, RIDICULE, CENSURE, CON- chiefly depreciatory).
DEMNATION, ABUSE. prearrangement, n. Spec, preconcert
pralser, n. approver, applauder, puffer, (rare), precontract.
proneur {French), etc.; spec, eulogist, precede, v. t. t. antecede, forego (literary
encomiast. or archaic); spec, forerun, prevene (rare),
praising, a. approving, applausive, etc. usher (literary); see lead, introduce.
Cf. PRAISE. Antonyms: see follow.
Antonyms: see censorious, abusive, 2. outrank, rank.
CONDEMNATORY. 8. See antedate, preface.
praiseworthy, a. good {contextual), com- precedence, n. 1. precedency, antece-
mendable. dence, predecession (rare), precession
Antonyms: see contemptible. (rare); spec, lead, pas (French), priority.
prance, v. i. I. Referring to horses: spring, Antonyms: see following.
tittup, caper, brank {Scot, or dial.), cur- 2. precedency, priority; spec, preference,
vet, cavort {17. S.; colloq.). preaudience; see advantage.
2. See RIDE, CAPER, SWAGGER. precedent, n. ensample (archaic); see au-
prance, n. 1. Referring to a horse: tittup, thority.
curvet, cavort {U. S.; colloq.). preceding, a. precedent (rare), foregoing,
2. iSee CAPER. antecedent; spec, precursory, prodromal,
prayer, n. 1. See appeal. prior, prodromic, last; see past, intro-
2. Referring to an appeal to God: bead ductory, SUPERIOR.
(obs.), orison {archaic or literary), oration Antonyms: see following, successive.
(hist.), invocation! spec, paternoster or precious, a. t. See valuable, costly, es-
(for short) pater, htany. rosary, complin, timable, outrageous.
suffrage, oremus (rare), miserere, con- 2. precise (contextual), pr^ciense (French;
fiteor, memento, grace, collect, kyrie properly fern.), bluestocking (of women),
eleison, Te igitur, etc. priggish, prudish (rare), precisian, purist.
preach, v. i. Spec, exhort (doniextual), ser- precipitation, n. 1. See hastening, haste.
monize, evangelize, gospel (rare), pulpit 2. deposit (contextual); spec, rainfall, rain,
(rare), homilize, preachify (colloq.; con- dewfall, dew, snowfall, snow, hail.
temptuous). Antonyms: evaporation (cf. evaporate).
preacher, n. discourser (conteoclual), sky precipitous, a. steep (contextual), perpen-
pilot {colloq. or slang); spec, sermonizer, dicular, sheer; spec, cliffy, craggy, head-
homilist, nomilete, Boanerges, Devil long (rare), scarry (rare).
dodger {humorous and contemptuous), Antonyms: see gentle.
preacheress (fem.; rare), predicator (rare), precisian, n. 1. Spec, puritan, stickler.
pulpitarian (rare), pulpiteer or pulpiter 2. Referring only to language: pr^cieuse
{chiefly contemptuous), sermoneer (rare), (French; a sing, or a collective; properly
predicant {rare)j evangelist, lecturer, fern, sing.), prig, bluestocking (fem.);
rounder, circuit rider; see minister. spec, formalist; see pedant.
preaching, a. predicatory (rare), predi- precocious, a. forward, advanced, prema-
cant (rare). ture.

tS^ Cross references: see Note, preamble; preface, introduction. precipitancy: rush, haste.
pralseful: laudatory. prebend: pay, benefice. precipitate, a.: falling, rush-
prank, n.: frolic, caper, jest. precarious: uncertain. ing, hasty.
prank, v. t: ornament. precatory; askirig. precipitate, v. t.: throw, send,
prankful: frolicsome, mis- precaution; action, care. drive, hasten, deposit.
chievous. precautious; careful. precipitate, n.: deposit.
prankish: frolicsome. precept: bidding, rule, saying. precise: definite, fastidious,
prate: babble, chatter. preceptive: commanding, in- diametric, exact, accurate.
prattle: babble, chatter.murmw. structive. precisely: exacUy.
pray, v. t.: bring. preceptor: teacher. precisian, a.: precious.
pray, v. i.: appeal. precieuse, a.: precious, fastidi- preclude; prevent.
prayerful: devout. ous. preconceive; anticipate.
preach, v. t.: proclaim, teach, pr£cieuae, n.: precisian. preconception; opinion, an-
utter. precinct: inclosure, neighbor- ticipation.
preachment: preaching, dis' hood, boundary, district. precursor: forerunner.
precipice: cliff. precursory: preceding.

f^^ See Notes of Explanation.

329
 ,

PREDACIOUS
Antonyms: see backwabd, dull, stupid. preagure, v. t. 1. indicate, show, shadow,
predacious, predatory, raptorial, ra-
a. foreshow, foretype (rare), prefigiu-ate
pacious, ravening; see CABNIVOROUS. (rare), pretypify (rare); spec, foreshadow,
predecessor, n. antecessor, foregoer (ar- adumbrate.
chaic or rare); spec, forerunner, harbinger 2. See imagine.
(archaic or literary), herald, precursor; see prefix, n. aflBx, addition (contextual), pre-
ANCESTOR. fixture (rare); spec, inflex (rare).
Antonyms: see follower. Antonyms: see suffix.
predicable, a. affirmable. prefix, V. add (contextual).
t. affix,
predicament, n. condition (contextiud) prefixing, n. prefixture, prefiixtion (rare);
dilemma, quandary, corner, hole (coUoq.), spec, prosthesis, prothesis.
mess, scrape, fix, impasse (French), pickle pregnancy, n. gestation (more tech. than
(colloq.), plunge (obs. or dial.). "pregnancy"), gravidity (rare), gravid-
predict, v. t. 1. foretell, forecast, cast (lit- ness (rare), heaviness (contextual), in-
erary or obsolescent), tore-announce (rare), gravidation (rare).
forespeak (rare); spec, prognosticate, pregnant, a. 1. gravid, heavy (contextual),
prophesy, forebode, bode (archaic), pres- great (usxudly in "great with child"), big
age, divine, augur, vaticinate (rare), fore- (usually in "big wUh young"), teeming
say (rare), foredoom (rare), portend (archaic), enceinte (French), gestant
(rare), harbinger (rare), fatidioate (rare). (rare), impregnant (rare).
2. See GUESS. 2. See productive.
predict, v. i. soothsay, forecast; spec. prehensile, u.. seizing (contextual), prehen-
prophesy. sive (rare), prehensory (rare).
prediction, n. 1. Spec, prognostication, prejudice, v. t. inchne, bias, prepossess,
prognostic, presage (rare), foreboding, partialize (rare), turn (chiefly with
forebodement, boding (obsolescent), fore- against" or, less commonly, "for"), ma-
cast, cast (obsolescent), prophecy, augury, lignify (rare), earwig (jig.), preengage
prognosis (med.); see divination. (rare).
2. See GUESS. prejudiced, a. inclined, biased, etc.; see
predictive, a. soothsaying; spec, pro- PAJRTIAL, NARROW.
phetic. ,
Antonyms: see impartial.
predictor, n. foreteller, forecaster, caster prelude, n. 1. In music: preamble (poetic),
(literary), seer; spec, prophet, etc. See prolusion (rare), descant (historical); spec
PREDICT. overture, voluntary, ritornello (Italiari) or
preface, n. introduction, foreword, pre- ritornel.
amble (rare, exc. spec), prologue (learned), 2. See intboduotion, fokerunnbr.
foretalk (rare), proem Qearned), exordium premium, n. Spec, reward, payment, gift,
(rare), prolegomenon (learned), induction fee, agio.
(rare), preambulation (rare). preparation, n. 1. Referring to the act: pro-
Antonyms: see postscript. vision, fit (colloq., U. S.); spec concoc-
preface, v. t. precede (contextiud), pream- tion, composition, confection, mixture,
ble (rare, exc. spec), prologue, premise adaptation, dressing, equipment, strength-
(rare). ening, cooking, make-up, make-ready
Antonyms: see roLLOW. (printing), formation, etc.
prefatory, a. introductory, prefacial 2. Referring to the state: see prepabed-
(rare), prefatorial (rare), proemial (rare), NESS.
preambulatory (rare), preambular (rare), preparatory, a. preparative spec, disposi- ;

preambulary (rare). tive, introductory, concoctive, warning,

Antonyms: see following. strengthening, etc
tW^ Cross references: see Note. preeminent: superior, chief, preliminary, a.: introductory.
predate: antedate. [cious. controlling. preliminary, n.: introduction.
predatory: plundering, predor preempt: buy. prelude, v. t.: introduce, fcere-
predestine: destine. preen, spruce. run.
predetermine: appoint, des- pteteT : advance, present, choose. premature: untim^y, preco-
tine, decide. preferable: desirable, better. cious.
predicate, v. t.: state, base, preference: advancement, premeditate: plan.
predicate, n.: statement. choice, liking, precedence. premeditated: deliberate.
predicative: affirmative. preferential: chosen. premeditation: consideration,
predilection: inclination. preferment: advance. devising,
predispose: incline. preferred: chosen. premier, a,: chief, first,
predominance: control, preo- pregnable: assailable. premier, n.: chief.
alence. prehistoric; ancient. premonish: warn,
predominant: controlling, prejudice, n.; injury, detri- premonition: warning, fore-
prevalent. [vail. ment, partiality, opinion. boding.
predominate, v. i.: control, pre- prejudicial: injurious. preoccupation: absorption.
predomination: control. prelacy: episcopacy. preoccuBied: absorbed.
iW See Notes o£ Explanation.
330
 — —

PRESUPPOSITION
prepare, v. t. 1. ready (rare), dight {ar- Antonyms: see deprive.
chaic in romance, or poetic), fit (coUog., 3. express (contextual), lay, bring, put,
U. S.), dispose (archaic), make, work, prefer, submit, adduce, pop (colloq.).
boun {archaic or Scot.), busk {archaic or presentation, n. presentment (rare); see
{Scot.); spec, gird; see adapt, dress, SHOW, GIFT, OFFER.
LEAKN, MAKE, COOK. "Prepare! is used preservation, n. 1. See protection, sav-
OS a general synonym of very many words ing, KEEPING.
indicating a process or action thai is in- 2. conservation, conservancy (chiefly Brit-
tended to bring something into a state of ish), saving, cherishment (rare), embalm-
readiness for some given purpose, as for ment (rare).
"warm, heat, cool, dry, train, edvxxde, had, 3. confection (mostly spec), cure; spec.
prime," etc. ensilage, mummification, smoking, can-
2. Spec, {referring to making a person ning (U. S.), etc
ready with a retort, reply, speech, or the like, preserve, v. t. 1. See protect, save, main-
for a given occasion): load, charge, prime. tain, KEEP.
S. provide, make-up, concoct; spec, mix, 2. Referring to the keeping in existence or
confection; see make, furnish, form, to the prevention of destruction, waste, or
COMPOSE, etc. "Prepare" in this sense is the like: conserve, conservate (rare), in-
used for many terms {as in sense 1), as for corrupt (rare); spec, save, cherish, en-
"develop, complete, plan," etc. shrine (often fig.), embalm, balm (archaic
prepare, v. i. frame {rare), fit {rare), boun or rare), file, record.
{archaic or Scot.), busk {archaic or Scot.). Antonyms: see waste, destroy, abate,
prepared, a. ready, fit; spec. ripe. annihilate, extinguish.
preparedness, n. preparation {rare), readi- 3. keep (contextual), conserve, do (con>-
ness. textual); spec, confect, process, cure, sea-
preparing, a. Spec, afoot, making; the son, ensilage, ensile, ensilate (rare), bar-
use of the present participle "preparing" in becue, bloat, kipper, smoke, kyanize, tin
this sense being by many considered con- (chiefly British), can (U. 5.), pot, candy,
trary to good usage. embalm, mummify, jerk; see pickle, dry.
presence, n. 1. State or fact of being present preserve, n. 1. conserve; spec, sweetmeat,
in u, place: presentiality {rare), present- confection, compote, marmalade, jam,
ness; spec, attendance, company, face. jelly, sauce, goggles (pi.; rare), dun
Antonyms: see absence. (chieflyin pi.).
2. See NEIGHBORHOOD, CARRIAGE. 2.Spec, warren.
present, here {rare).
a. 1. presential {rare), president, n. presider (less formal), head,
Antonyms: see absent. preses or prseses (chiefly Scot.); spec
2. instant {archaic, exc. spec), current, chairman, dean, deacon, prefect, moder-
now {rare), Uving {as in "a living issue"); ator, provost, speaker, toastmaster, rec-
see modern. tor, reeve (Canada).
Antonyms: see past, future. press, V. t. 1. crush, cram (eollog.), crunch;
3. See AVAILABLE. spec, screw, crowd, cylinder, roll, roller,
present,n.now; bothwordsusedv)ith"the." calender, tread, iron, goose, mangle; see
Antonyms: see past, future. push, squeeze, crush, tread.
present, v. t. 1. See show, introduce, op- Antonyms: see stretch, expand.
pose, NOMINATE, offer, ADVANCE, EX- 2. See CONSTRAIN, urge, distress, en-
PRESS, SUGGEST, GIVE. list, CROWD.
2. With the person as the object: gift (rore), pressure, n. 1. press, oppression (poetic);
gratify {archaic); spec, tip {colloq.), com- spec, bearing, crowding, crowd, crushing,
pliment. crush, crunching, crunch, screw, load,

IS^ Cross references: see Note. presage, n.: foreboding, sign. press, n.: pressure, constraint,
prepense: deliberate. pveseieiuiez foreknowledge, fore- distress, haste, crowd, cupboard.
preponderance; control, prev- sight. pressing: urgent.
alence, prescient: foreseeing. prestige: influence, reputation.
preponderant: controlling, prescribe: dictate, appoint. presto, adv.: svjdderdy, imme-
prevalent. prescription: dictation, ap- diately.
preponderate: control, prevail. pointment, limitation, formvla, presume, v. I.: venture, assume,
prepossess: absorb, prejiidice. custom. infer.
prepossessing: attractive. prescriptive: customary. presumption, n.: asstcmption,
prepossession: absorption, par- present, n.: gift. inference, arrogance, impu-
tiality. presentable: proper. dence, assurance. [sumed.
preposterous: absurd. present-day: modem. ^ presumptive: probable, as-
prepotent: powerful. presentiment: foreboding, av^ presumptuous: venturesome,
prerequisite: ctmdiiion. ticipation. arrogant, assured, impudent.
prerogative: right. {predict. preserver: protector, saver. presuppose: assume.
presage, v. t.: forebode, signify. preside: watch, act. presupposition: assumption.

f^^ See Kotes of Explanation.

331
 PRETEND
counterpressure, pression {rare), impres- prevalence, n. predominance, currency,
sure {rare), impressment (rare); see push, reign.
SQUEEZE, CKUSH. prevalent, a. predominant, preponderant,
2. See DISTRESS, ubgency, exigency. prevailing, general, current; spec, rife,
pretend, v. t. 1. feign, sham, simulate, af- regnant (rare), ruling, running.
fect, act, make-believe, counterfeit, gam- prevaricate, v. i. eqmvocate, palter, quib-
mon (slang or colloq.), dissemble (rare or ble, shuffle, whiffle (rare), dodge, shift,
obs.); spec, profess. tergiversate, sophisticate, qijirk (rare),
2. See IMAGINE. pettifog (rare), ergotize (rare).
pretend, v. i. feign, feint, dissemble, make- prevarication, n. 1. Referring to the action,
believe, sham. practice, etc.: equivocation, paltering,
pretended, a. pretensive (iess common than shuffling, quibbUng, evasion, tergiversa-
"pretended' ), sham, feigned, feint (rare), tion, sophistry, casuistry, p^ttifogging.
dissembled, counterfeit, postiche (French), 2. Referring to an instance of exhibiting
affected, simulated, ostensible, spurious, prevarication: equivocation,evgsion,quirk,
colorable, dummy, bogus (colloq?), false, quip, quibble, dodge, shuffle, quillet
imitated, acted, imitation, artificial, hypo- (rare), carriwitohet (slang). A
"prevari-
critical;spec, shoddy; see false. cation" may or may not be a "lie"; a "lie"
pretender, n. feigner, simulator, make- may or may not involve a "prevarication."
believe, (Assembler, actor, panjandrum, prevaricator, n. sophist, sophister, shuf-
counterfeiter; spec, sciolist, antichrist; fler, quibbler, etc.
see DISSEMBLER, DECEIVER, QUACK, CLAIM- prevent, v. t. preclude, deter, help, debar,
ANT, HYPOCRITE. stop, save (viith "from"), forestall (obso-
pretense, n. 1. Referring to the action, hab- lescent), forbid, prohibit, interdict, hinder,
it, or fact: pretension, affectation, feign- foreclose (rare), inhibit, shield (archaic),
ing, simulation, mummery, masquerade, forfend (archaic), help; spec, veto, re-
imitation, postiche (French), mockery, strain, bar; see estop.
falsity, show, sham, gloze (rare), make- Antonyms: see aid, cause, conclude,
believe; spec, profession, puppetry, eu- incite.
phuism, bluff, shoddyism; see decep- prevention, n. preclusion (rare), inhibi-
tion, DISSEMBLING. tion, stoppage, prohibition, determent,
2. Referring to the thing embodying or used forestalling, restraint, etc.; see obstacle,
for pretense: pretension, veil, show, sham, estoppel.
postiche (French) , affectation, mask, guise, Antonyms: see aid, prevention, in-
imitation, make-believe; spec, mockery, citement.
shoddy (colloq.), tinsel, profession. preventive, a. preventative, preclusive, in-
3. See CLAIM, PRETEXT. hibitory, inhibitive, deterrent, prohibitive,
pretentious, a. affected, airy, Tartuffian prohibitory, hindering; spec, prophylactic.
or Tartuffish (fig.), topping, high, big (col- Antonyms: see contributory.
loq.), brassy (colloq.), important, fastuous previous, a. antecedent, anterior, preced-
(rare); spec, high-sounding; see ambi- ing, precedent, prior, foregone, fore (obs.),
tious,SHOWY. preallable (rare); see former.
Antonyms: see unaffected, humble. Antonyms: see subsequent.
pretentiousness, n. airs (pi.), side (slang; prevlousness, n. antecedence, anterior-
chiefly British), bigness. ness, priority, etc.
preternatural, a. nonnatural; see un- prevlsional, a. previsiqnary, foresightful
natural, supernatural. (rare).
Antonyms: see normal. prey, n. I. quarry, ravin (lit&rary), kill;
pretext, n. pretense, subterfuge, cover, spec. pelt.
color, cloak, veil, blind. 2. See victim.
pretty, a. 1. Spec, cute (colloq.), cunning. prey, v. i. 1. See plunder.
2. See GOOD-LOOKING, BEAUTIFUL, CON- 2. Referring to the animal: ravin; spec.
SIDERABLE. kill (rare).
prevail, v. i. 1. predominate, preponder- price, n. charge, rate; spec, quotation,
ate, reign (chiefly spec), rule, obtain, sub- fiars (pi.; Scot.), ransom.
sist; spec. rage. prick, n. 1. See DOT, WOUND, STING.
2. As used with "on" or "upon," or "with": 2. point (contextual), pricker; spec, prod,
see OVERCOME, SUCCEED, CONTROL. goad, brog (dial.), prickle.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. pretty, adv.: moderately. prick, V. t: .pierce, perforate,
pretence: variant of pretense. prevailing: prevalent. sting, choose, appoint, erect.
pretension: claim, prevaricative: evasive. prids, V. i,: thrust, ride, rise,
prettiness: good-lookingness. priceless: invaZuable. sting.

[E^^ See Notes of Explanation.

?32
 PRIVACY
prickle, n. prick {contextual); spec, thorn, 2. Referring to a person for whom another
spine, acicule, spicule, needle, thistle. acts: spec, client, consimer, constituent,
prickly, o. pricky {rare or dial.); spec, acu- constituency (a collective).
leate, aciculate, spiny, thorny, thistly, Antonyms: see agent, go-between.
echinate, echinated, echinulate, burry. 3. Referring to a sum of money as distiro-
Antonyms: see smooth. guished from increase or interest: capital,
pride, n. self-esteem, proudness, dis-
1. corpus {tech.), body.
dainfulness, haughtiness. ' ' Vanity' ' is not Antonyms: see interest.
a synonym of "pride". print, V. t. 1. impress, imprint, engrave
Antonyms: see httmilitt. {Jig.), stamp; «ee brand, indent.
2.See ABROGANCB, ELATION. 2. Referring to marking with or as with
pride, !). t. plume; see congratulate. type, an engraved figure, etc.: type {rare);
priest, n. minister {contextual); spec, hier- spec, reprint, lithograph, prove or {less
ophant, priestlet or priestling {chiefly umud) proof, pull, discharge.
contemptiums), father, patrico {cant), con- print, n. 1. form (contextual), figure {con-
fessor, pope {Greek Church), levite, lama, textual), impression, imprint, impress,
brahmin, brahman, bonze, Brehon, fe- stamp; see brand, indentation.
tial, pontiff, pontifex, flamen, corybant, 2. Referring to matter printed with or as
corybantian, fulgurator, druid, hierarch, with type: typography, letterpress.
sacrificer, S3minarist, protopapas, proto- Antonyms: see manuscript.
pope, powwow, poonghie, papa. 3. Referring to a particular thing printed:
Antonyms: see layman. impression, impress; spec, reprint, proof,
priestess, n. Spec, nun, vestal, Pythia. pull, lithograph, xylograph, zincograph,
priesthood, n. ministry {contextual); spec. zinootype, chromograph, cuneiform, nega-
clergy, pontificate, pontificality {rare). tive, positive, vignette.
priestly, a. ministerial {contextual); spec. 4. See design.
hieratic, pontifical, pontific, levitical. printed n. iSpec. typesetter, pressman.
Antonyms: see lay. prison, n. Spec, prisonhouse, dungeon,
prim, a. spec, prudish, precise; see stiff, pit {obs. or hist), jail, penitentiary, re-
FORMAL. formatory, lock-up, jug {slang), round-
prime, n. 1. See HOtTR, BEGINNING, spring, house {hist.), calaboose or calaboza {local,
ACCENT. U. S.), crib {local, Eng.), kitty (slang),
2. Referring to the early period of life, when loga {pi; slang, Australia), hell {rare),
the fly^h of feeling is strong: springtime, gehenna {rare), college {slang, Eng.),
bloom {fig.), flower {fig.), heyday. May choky {Anglo-Indiari), bagnio, chnk
{poetic and fig.). {slang, Eng.), quod {slang), cage (coUoq.),
8. Referring to the period of greatest activ- guardhouse, guardroom, bullpen {slang),
ity andvigor, usually in the middle age of stockade {slang), blackhole, counter {obs.
life: zenith {fig.), height, floruit {rare). or_ hist.; Eng.)^ vault, hulk, Newgate,
prince, n. 1. monarch, princelet {dim.), bridewell, conciergerie {French), Little-
princeling {dim.), princekin {dim.); spec. ease, compter {Eng.). It should be under-
pendragon, cardinal, duke, mirza, emir, stood that in early times criminals were not
elector. punished by imprisonment; prisons were
2. Referring to a male member of a royal then used as places of detention pending
family, esp. a son or grandson of the morv- trial, torture, execution, or for personal or
arch: infant; spec, infante, czarevitch or political offenders.
tsarevitch, dauphin. prisoner, n. captive {literary or caitiff
fig.),
3. See CHIEF. {obs.); spec, jailbird, coUegian {slang,
princess, n. 1. <Siee monarch. Eng.), culprit, detenu {masc; French),
2. Referring to a female member of a royal 66ten\ie {fern.; French), ca/geling.
family, esp. a daughter or granddaughter of privacy, n. Referring to avoidance of, or
the monarch: spec, infant, infanta, czarina freedom from, publicity: privateness, in-
or tsarina, dauphiness. timacy {rare or spec), intimity {rare).
principal, n. 1. See chief. Antonyms: see publicity.
fW' Cross references: see Note. primary, n.: feather. principal, a.: chief.
prickle, r. t: perforate. primate: chief, bishop. principle: assumption, basis,
prickle, V. ».: sting. prime, a.: first, original, first- cause, constituent, eletnvnt,force,
prig: precisian. class, chief. rule, truth.
priggisli: fastidious^ precious, prime, v. t.: prepare, coat. prior, n.: monk.
conceited. primeval: oUi. prior, a.: preceding, preoious,
primacy: headship. primitive, a.: original, old, former, superior,
primal: original, first. old-fashioned, crude, prioress: nun.
primary, a,: original, first, im- primordial: original, elemen- priory: convent.
mediate, elementary, chief. tary. pristine: original, old.

V^^ See Notes of Explanation.

333
 —

PRIVATE
I^rlvate, a. 1. privy {archaic), nonpublic cortege {French; rare), train; spec, tn-
{rare), nonoffioial {rare), unofficial; spec. umph,ovation, funeral, skimmington.
personal. proclaim, v. t. 1. Referring to official art/-
Antonyms: see oppiciai;, public. nouncement by outcry: announce {con-
2. SeeHIDDEN, SECRETIVE, OWN, SE- textual), cry, call {rare); spec, herald.
Cl/tTDED, CONFIDENTIAL. 2. Referring to loudly making knoum: pub-
privilege, n. right, franchise {legal); spec. Ksh, cry, call, sing {primarily spec),
liberty, indulgence, charter, regality, re- enounce; spec, preach, knell; see trum-
gale, soke, hcense, monopoly, refusal, pet.
frank, prevention; see option. 3. See show, state.
Antonyms: obligation, duty.
see proclamatory, a. annunciatory.
prize, n. 1. reward, trophy, premium, meed produce, n. I. See product, tield.
{poetic or rhetorical), booty {colloq.), palm 2. Referring to the yield from plants: prod-
(jig. or spec), plum {colloq.); spec, blue uct, yield, crop {chiefly spec); spec, truck,
ribbon, sweepstakes, plate, detur {Har- gardenage {rare), emblements {pi.), grain,
vard University), medal, cup. vegetable, harvest; see fruit.
2. See advantage, stake. producer, n. 1. See introducer, gener-
probable, a. 1. presumable, presumptive, ator, creator, cause, author, etc.
likely, like {rare; colloq. or dial.), verisim- 2. Referring to one who grows plants for
ilar {learned), verisimilous {rare), on the their yield: grower, raiser, culturist {chief-
cards {used predicatively; colloq. cant). ly spec); spec, agriculturist, horticultuP'^
Antonyms: see improbable, impossible. ist.
2. See credible. product, n. production, result, produce
probably, adv. belike {archaic or rare), {rare), yield spec, by-product, staple,
j

likely; «ee perhaps. outcome, origination, output, turnout,

probationary, a. probative {rare). fruit, make, work, issue {rare), birth {jig.),
proboscis, n. Spec, trunk, snout, neb, development, harvest, manufacture; see
tongue, haustellum, antlia, promuscis. growth, offspring.
procedure, n. 1. proceeding, course spec. productive, a. rich, fruitful, prolific, plen-
;

practice, way, conduct, pi^cy, form; see
CUSTOM.
2. See action, method.
proceed, v. i. 1. See go, arise, continue,
advance, emanate, result.
2. act, do, go {usually with "on"); spec.
huggermugger; see progress.
proceeds, n. pi. outcome {rare), avails
{pi.), profit, result, issue {dbs., exc. legal),
produce income.
{rare),
process, n. outgrowth, projection, pro-
tuberance, prominence, appendage; spec.
apophysis, condyle, condyloma, caruncle,
comb, barb, barbel, barbule, wattle.
procession, n. 1. See going, march.
2. Referring to the body of people in pro-
cession: parade, cavalcade {chiefly spec),
teous {chiefly poetic); spec fructuous
{rare), proUferous, fertile, generative, fat,
luxuriant, elaborative, originative, quick,
pregnant; see creative, causative,
originative, fruitful.
Antonyms: see barren.
profession, n. 1. See acknowledgment,
AFFECTATION, PRETENSION, BELIEF, BUSI-
NESS, declaration.
2. Referring to those in a profession: call-
ing {rare), faculty {archaic or spec); spec.
law, ministry.
Antonyms: see laiety.
professional, a. Spec, trade, business;
no good synonyms.
Antonyms: see amateurish, lay.
profit, n. 1. See benefit.

J^" Cross references: see Note. proclivity: inclination. prodigy: sign, wonder, occur-
privation: need. procrastinate: defer. rence.
privity: knowledge, complicity, procrastination: deferment. produce, v. t.: generate, create,
relation. procreate: generate, create. cause, show, form, furnish,
privy: accessory. procurable: obtainable. make, grow, bear, compose, eaj-
prize, n.: capture. procuration: agency, power, tend, develop.
prize, V. t.: capture. getting, bawdry. producible: causable.
prize, 71.: lever, leverage. procure: get, induce. profane, a.: impious, unhal-
prize, V. t.: lever. procurement: getting, agency, lowed, vulgar.
prize, V, t.: esteem, value. inducement. profane, v. t.: desecrate violate.
probation: trial. procurer: bawd. profess: state, avow, affect, pre-
probationer: novice, candidate. prod: poke. tend.
probative: probationary, de- prodigal, a.: extravagant, gen- profler: offer.
monstrative. erous, wasteful, abundant. proficiency: skill, accomplish-
probe, V. t.: examine. prodigal, n.; spendthrift, waster. ment.
probity: uprightness. prodigality: extravagance, gen- proficient, a.: shillfui, acconir
problem: question, proposition. erosity, wastefulness, abun- plished.
problematical: uncertain. dance. proficient, n.: expert.
process, v.t.: preserve, prosecute. prodigious: wonderful, imr profile: outline.
processional: hymn. mense. profit, V. t.: benefit.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

334
 PROMOTION
2. gain, clearance (rare), lucre, fruit, 4. Referring to the fact or condition of pro-
spec, perquisite, velvet Islang), bunce jecting: spec, relief (chiefly an art term),
(.alang), graft; see pay. relievo, jut (rare), emmence, salience,
Antonyms: see loss. protuberance, protrusion.
profitable, a. 1. See advantageous. 5. Referring to a thing or part that pro-
2. gainful, lucrative, remunerative, re- jects: extension; spec, protrusion, pro-
muneratory, paying, emolumentary (rare), tuberance, prominence or (rare) promi-
fat {colloq. or slang), rewardful (rare). nency, spur, elevation, eminence, salience,
Antonyms: see unprofitable. rising, outsnoot, outshot (rare), snag, jag,
profitless, o. gainless, useless; see un- elbow, point, proiecture (rare), finger,
pkopitable. shoulder, jut (rare), jutty, outjet (rare),
proeress, n. 1. See advance. out jut (rare), rag, headland, outgrowth,
2. Referring to a going on, taking place, process.
happening, etc.: advance, process, pass- Antonyms: see hole, cavity, hollow,
age, movement, move, course, procession, recess.
progression; apec. passage, boom; «ee de- 6. Referring to various projecting forms in
velopment, REFORM. -carpentry, machinery, etc.: tenon, cog,
Antonyms: see recession, decline. coak, tusk, tooth, shoulder, shouldering,
progress, v. i. I. See advance, reform. bolster, fang, ear, speer, burr, pallet, kern,
2. advance, proceed, move, go, gfow, wag kick, cam, knuckle.
(colloq.), work, speed; spec, boom; see prolix, a. lengthy, long-winded (often con-
develop. temptuoxis), verbose, wordy; spec, diffuse,
Antonyms: see recede, decline. exuberant.
progressive, a. forward, advanced; spec. Antonyms: see brief, concise.
forward-looking. prolixity, n. lengthiness, verbosity, wordi-
Antonyms: see backward. ness; spec, diffuseness.
prohibition, a. dry (colloq.). Antonyms: see brevity, conciseness.
project, V. t. 1. See plan, devise. prolong, V. t. See extend.
1.
2. propel (contextual); spec, deliver, cast, 2. Referring sounis: extend, lengthen,
to
eject, hurl, hurtle, bolt, shoot, fire, serve, hold, carry, continue, protract.
bowl; see throw. prolongation, n. t. See extension, addi-
8. Referring to a shadow, light, figure, etc.: tion.
throw, cast. 2. Referring to sounds: lengthening, hold-
project, V. i. extend; spec, jut, shoot, out- ing, prolongment (rare), continuation,
shoot (rare), poke, butt, jutty (archaic), continuance; spec, hang, cipher.
peak (rare), knob (rare); see protrude, promise, n. 1. agreement, engagement,
protuberate. word; spec, pledge, undertaking, affiance,
projecting, a. projective; spec, protru- sacrament, preengagement, vow, oath,
sive, protrudent (rare), prominent, sa- parole, plight (archaic), pollicitation, sub-
lient, exsurgent (rare), extant (archaic), scription; see CONTRACT, betrothal.
bold, outstanding (rare), astrut (archaic), 2. See EARNEST, AUSPICIOUSNESS.
emersed, underhung, exserted, exourrent, promise, v. t. agree, engage, undertake;
protruding, protuberant. spec, plight (chiefly poetic or rhetorical),
Antonyms: see hollow. preengage, vow, swear, pass, subscribe;
projection, n. 1. See flanninq. see CONTRACT, betroth.
2. propulsion; spec, throw, cast, hurl, promising, a. 1. See auspicious.
throwing, ejection, shooting, firing, etc., 2. Referring to a person or thing that bids
delivery, service; see throw. fair to turn out well: likely; spec, flatter-
3. projectile, project (rare); see missile. ing.

t^r Cross references: see Note. prognosis: prediction. proletariat: people.

profligate, a.: dissipated, ex-
travagant, abundant.
profligate, n.: dissipater.
profound, a.: deep, abstruse,
learned, subtle, intense, dense,
low.
profound, n.: deep.
profundity: depth.
profuse: extravagant, ahundant,
generous.
profusion: extravagance, dburt^
dance, expenditure.
progenitor: ancestor.
progenlture: ancestry, descent.
progeny: offspring.
prognostic, a.: significant. proliferate: generate.
prognostic, n.: sign, symptom. proliferous: productive, fruit-
prognosticate: signify, foresee, ful.
predict, prolific: fruitful.
prognostication: prediction, prologue: preface.
foreknowledge, sign. promenade: walk, dance.
program: notice, plan. prominence: projection, proc-
progression: advance, progress. ess,
progressive, n.: reformer. prominent: profecting, notable,
prohibit; forbid, prevent, famous, conspicuous,
project, n.: plan, enterprise, promiscuous, a,: mixed, con-
device, fused,
projectile, n,: missile, promontory: headland.
projector: founder, promote: advance, aid,
proletarian: plebeian. promotion: advancement, aid.

B^^ See Notes of Explanation.

335
 PROMPT
Antonyms: see unpromising. fatidical (literary), fatidic (rare), fatilo-
prompter, n. reminder, soufHer {French; quent (rare), vatic (literary); spec. Do-
cant); —
as in the theater. donean, sibylline, druidic or druidical.
pronounce, v. t. 1. See tjtteh, state. Antonyms: see blind.
2. Referring to utterance of words: utter, 2. See predictive.
speak, say, articulate, frame, enunciate, prophylactic, a. preventive, synteretic
enoulice (rare), form; spec, clip, garble, (rare).
burr. proportion, n. 1. See part, ratio, dimen-
profiuaciation, n. utterance, enunciation, sion, SHARE, EXTENT.
saying, etc.; spec, orthoepy; see mispro- 2. commensuration, commensurateness;
nunciation. spec, eurythmy, match.
proof, ft. 1. See evidence, trial, stand- Antonyms: see disproportion.
ard. 3. scale, rate, ratio, quota.
2. probation (i-are), verification, aver- proportionate, o. proportional, propor-
ment (rare), demonstration, apodeixis tionable, commensurate, according (pred-
(learned or tech.), substantiation, show.
Antonyms: see disproof. Antonyms: see disproportionate.
3. print (contextual); spec, pull, slip, re- proposal, ft. statement, proposition, offer,
vise. advancement, submission, Overture, mo-
prop, V. t. support; spec, block, shore, un- tion; spec, noiljination (see nominate).
derpin, underset. propose, V. i. 1. state (contextual), pro-
prop, n. support; spec, block, shore, un- pound, advance, present, move, offer,
derpin. overture (rare), submit, pose (rare), pro-
propel, V. t. force, drive, impel, impulse pone (obs. or Scot.), put; see nominate,
(rare), put, send; spec, push, dash, mention.
thrust, shoot, screw, paddle, row, pole, a. See intend.
sail, stream; see project, push, thrust. proposition, statement (contextual); spec.
proper, a. 1. See own, inherent, individ- axiom, postulate, problem, thesis.
ual, ACCURATE, appropriate, FASTIDI- propriety, ft. 1. Spec, accuracy, suitabil-
OUS, good-looking. ity, fastidiousness.
2. Referring to conformity to social con- 2. becomingness, respectability, decency,
vention: becoming, respectable, decent, decorousness, decorum; spec, demure-
decorous; spec, demure, chaste, prudish, ness, chasteness, elegance, delicacy, seem-
presentable, elegant, delicate, right, liness. Tightness, prudery, biensSance
rightful (rare), correct (colloq.), due; see (French), correctness; see timeliness.
TIMELY. Antonyms: untimeliness (cf. untimely).
Antonyms: see improper, untimely. propulsion, pulsion (rare), propelment
ft.

property, n. 1. See ownership. (rare); spec, push, dash, impulse

(frift,
2. possession or (generic pi.) possessions, (rare), putting, sendmg; see projection,
belonging or (generic pi.) belongings; spec. PUSH.
appurtenance, appurtenant (rare), hav- prosaic, a. 1. prosy.
ings (pi.), estate, assets, holding (chiefly Antonyms: see florid.
in pi), stocks (pi.), personalty, chattels, 2. See commonplace, matter-of-fact,
goods, realty, land, snares. DULL, unimaginative.
prophet, ft. 1. As being an inspired person: prosaist, n. proseman (rare), proser,
oracle; spec, druid. Merlin, sibyl. prosateur (French).
2. See PREDICTOR. Antonyms: see poet, versifier.
prophetess, n. 1. As being an inspired per- prose, V. t. & i. prosify (chiefly humorous),
son: Voluspa (errofteoMs), sibyl. beprose (intensive); spec, depoeticize
2. See PREDICTOR. (rare), depoetize (rare).
prophetic, a. 1. oracular, oraculous (rare). Antonyms: see poeticize, versify.
fW Cross refereyices: see Note. propaganda: movement. proportional: proportionate,
prompt, a.: ready, immediate. propagate: generate, diffuse, relative, corresporiding.
prompt, V. t: incite, remind, transmit. proposition: statement, pro-
suggest. propensity: inclination. posal,
promulgate: publish. prophecy, n.: inspiration, pre- propound: propose.
prone: prostrate, inclined, dis- diction. proprietor: owner.
posed. prophesy, v. i.: speak, predict. proprietary: owning.
prong: point, branch. prophesy, v. i.: predict. prorate: distribute.
pronounced: decided, great, propinquity: nearness, rela- prorogue: adjourn.
broad. tion. proscenium: front.
pronouncement: utterance, propitlable: pacifiable. proscribe: outlaw, forbid.
statement. propitiate: pacify. prescript: outlaw.
proof: impenetrable. propitiatory: pacific. [able. prose: composition, common-
prop: support. propitious: auspicious, favor- place, 7naiter-of-fact.

tS^ See Notes ol Explanation.

336
 PROUDNESS
prosecute, v. t. 1. See pttbsxte, exercise. tive, wall, hedge (fig.), bulwark, cover,
8. In
the sense of "to follow up or attempt covert, rock (^.), cage, bracer, buckler,
to enforce": push, drive, urge, pursue; resist.
spec, exchequer {Eng.; cant), law (rore), protective, a. protecting^ spec, defensive,
libel,arraign. tutelar, guardmg, shielding, etc.
8. sue, implead (archaic or hiai.), process protector, n. protecter, protection, Prei-
(chiefly Scot.). server; spec, defense, warder, ward, guard,
prospect, n. 1. See view, exploration, shelter, shielder, shield, buckler, guardant
FORESIGHT. keeper, pastor, safeguard, palla-
(rare),
2. Referring to what is to come or happen: dium, champion, promachos (Greek anr-
outlook, lookout (rare), perspective; spec, tiq.), ghazi (Mohammedan), bully, etc.,
expectations (pi.). patron.
prosper, v. i. flourish, thrive, increase (ar- protest, V. i. object (contextual), remon-
chaic), cotton (ohs.); spec, succeed, boom, strate, demur, expostulate, reclaim (now
flower (fig.), bloom (fig.). rare), obtest (rare), kick (colloq.).
prosperity, n. prosperation (rare), pros- protrude, v. t. &
i. extend (contextual),

Eerousness, thriving, flourishing, well- project, exsert (rare), protend (rare);

eing, fortune, flourish (rare, exc. with spec, shoot, poke, peep, loll, pout, evagi-
"in'^, felicity (rare); spec, success, flower nate.
(fi^.), bloom (fy.), boom. protrusile, a. extensible (contextual), pro-
Antonyms: see calamitt. trusible, exsertile (rare), emissile (rare);
prosperous, a. 1. flourishing, thrifty, thriv- spec, evaginable.
ing, golden, palmy, happy, swimming; Antonyms: see retractile; also see
spec, successful, booming; see portunate, FIXED.
RICH. protuberance, n. projection (contextual),
Antonyms: see UNSuccESSFDii, unfor- protuberancy; spec, convexity, round-
tunate, poor. ness, bulge, bulging, swell, swelling,
2. See auspicious. whelk, weal, bilge, bunch, head, lump,
prostrate, a. I. flat, prone (properly spec), hump, hunch, knot, node, gnarl, nodos-
flatUng (obs.); spec, supme, groveling, ity, hummock, boss, nipple, embossment,
oumbent, procumbent, decumbent, couch- bosset, gibbosity (literary or tech.), belly,
ant, recumbent. bump, tuberosity, tubercle, bull's-eye,
Antonyms: see vertical. bud, buttress, capitulum^ capitellum,
2. See HELPLESS, depressed. torus, mamilla, papilla, inion, rose; see
protect, V. t. Spec, defend, fend (archaic or process.
poetic for "defend"), guard, preserve, Antonyms: see cavity, hollow.
champion, save, shield, buckler, shelter, protuberant, a. 1. Referring to something
screen, hedge, safeguard, secure, bulwark, projecting from what surrounds it: pro-
bestride (archaic), patronize (rare), fence jecting (contextual); spec, convex, bulg-
(archaic), shadow, flank, bield (Scot.), ing, swelling, extuberant (rare), hum-
sheathe, dike, cushion, shoe, arm, bush, mocky, lumpy, knotty, nodose, bossy,
guard, hide, cherish, cover.
etc.; see goggle, rounded.
Antonyms: see attack, assail, expose, Antonyms: see hollow, hollowed.
harass, plunder, ill-treat, ruin, 2. Referring to what has protuberances
destroy. upon itor a protuberating part: spec. gib-,
protection, n. 1. Referring to the act: spec. bous, torous, swelUng, bulgy, bumpy,
defense, saving, guard, fence (archaic or lumpy.
poetic), safeguard, championship, securi- protuberate, v. i. project (contextual),
ty, ward, care, patronage, coverture, rise; spec, bulge, swell, bunch, round,
manus; see care, guard. hump.
Antonyms: see attack, exposure, proud, a. I. As implying an attitude of su-
plunder; also cf. assail, etc, periority to, and contempt for, another or
2. The thing that protects: spec, defense, others: arrogant, haughty, haught (or-
guard, fence, screen, shelter, shield, chaic), siipercilious, vain, cavalier, cava-
sheath, shadow, safeguard, preserva- lierly,uppish (colloq.), high-minded (ar-

t^= Cross references: see Note. prosper, v. t.: aid. proteiform: multiform.
proselyte: convert. prostitute, n..* harlot. protect, n,: obfection.
prosiness: dullnesa; for com- prostitute, V. t.: degrade. protest, V. t.: state.
monplacenesa, cf. common- prostitution: harlotry, degra- protestation: statement, pro-
'
place. dation, test.

proBpect, V. t.: explore. prosy: prosaic, matter-of-fact, prototype: original,

prospective: /uture. commonplace, duU. protract: extend.
prospectus: description. protean: mtUHform. proudness: pride.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

337
 PROVE
chaic), orgulous or orgillous \archaic), gation (literary), publishment (rare); spec.
prideful {chiefly Scot.), exalted; spec. celebration (literary), report, proclama-
proudish; see haughty. tion, promulgation, ventilation, pervulga-
Antonyms: see humble. tion (rare), emblazonment.
2.See PLEASED, GEAND. 2. Referring to a book: issue, issuance
prove, V. t. .1. show, demonstrate (chiefly (rare), evulgation (rare).
spec.), establish, verify, sustain, substan- 3. Referring to the thing that is published:
tiate; spec, speak, document, instruct spec review, bulletin, gazette, magazine;
(Scots law), aver (obs., exc. spec), probate. see periodical.
Antonyms: confute, disprove.
see publicity, n. publicness (rare); spec, day-
9. See TRY, EXPERIENCE. light, limehght (colloq.), spotlight (colloq.).
provide, v. i. 1. See prepare, plan, stipu- Antonyms: see privacy.
late. publish, V. t. 1. announce, advertize (chief-
S. purvey (archaic), cater. ly spec), disclose, divulgate (literary);
irrovider, n. purveyor (archaic), caterer spec, bruit, celebrate (literary), report,
(the itsual cant or technical term). proclaim, promulgate, promulge (ar-
provision, v. t. furnish (contextual), vic- chaic), ventilate, blow, emblazon, pervul-
tual; spec, ration, fodder, provender, for- gate (rare), trumpet, preconize (rare),
age, revictual. bulletin, post, placard.
provisional, temporary, provisionary
a. 1. 2. Referring to a book: issue, evulgate
(rare), tentative, makeshift. (rare).
Antonyms: see permanent. pucker, v. t. & i. wrinkle, contract, corru-
2. jSeeconditional. gate (chiefly spec), gather, pinch, shrivel;
prowl, V. i. wander, raven, mouse. spec, knit, purse, bulge, cockle, gauge,
prudence, n. discretion, prudentiality, ruckle (rare), crape, shirr.
thoughtfulness, judiciousness, circum- Antonyms: see smooth.
spection, care, considerateness (obsoles- pucker, n. wrinkle, gathering, gather, cor-
cent), counsel (archaic); see expediency. rugation (chiefly spec); spec, cockle,
Antonyms: carelessness (cf. careless). shirr, crease.
prudent, a. discreet, prudential, thought- puckered, a. wrinkled, puckery; spec.
ful, careful, circumspect, chary, judicious, pursy, knit, cockly.
considerate (obsolescent), worldly-wise; pugnacious, a. combative; spec, militant,
seetime-serving. quarrelsome, bellicose, contentious.
Antonyms: see careless. Antonyms: see peaceable.
public, a. 1. popular (rare, and chiefly or pug
nose, snub, snub nose, flat nose.
only in legal use), general, common; spec. pug-nosed, o. snub, snub-nosed, puggy,
camois or camus (obs.), retrouss6 (French).
politicalj civil, national, state, provincial,
nationwide, statewide. Antonyms: see aquiline.
Antonyms: see private. pull, V. t. 1. In this sense implying an ac-
2. Open to the public: patent (rare), exo- tual separation or motion produced by
teric (rare). means of applied force; that is, a result
3. See unconcealed. equivalent to that denoted by using wards in
publication, n. 1. announcement, adver- def. 2 with an added adverb, such as
tizement (chiefly spec), disclosure, divul- "away,'' "off," "out," etc: separate (con-
t^ Cross references: see Note. provocative, a.: exciting, in- psychic, psychical; menial.
proTenance: source. centive, irritating. pubescence: down.
provender: fodder. provocative, n.: incentive. public, n.: people.
provenience: source, [drama, provoke: incite, excite, anger, puddle, 71.; pool.
proverb; aaying, byword, talk, irritate. puddle, V. i,: dabble.
provide, u. t: 'prc'parc, furnish. provoking; irritating. puddle, V. t.: mire.
provided, conj.: if. prow: bow. pudgy; fat, squat.
providence: foresight, economy. prowess; courage, deed. puerile: childish.
provident: far-sighted, econom- proximate: near, immediate. puerility: childhood.
ical, fore~har),ded. proximity; nearness. puff, 71.; blow, breath tHoud,
providential; fortunate. proxy: agency, power, agent. praise, gesture, wind.
province; division, domain, prudery; propriety, precious- puff, v.: breathe, blow, emit,
jurisdiction, sphere, depart- ness. drive, swell, elate, puff.
ment, function. prudish; prim. puffy; gusty, swollen, inflated,
provincial: local, narrow. prune; trim, abbreviate. fat, full, muffled, shortr^nded.
proving : demonstrative. prurient: lasdvious. pugilist: fighter.
provision; furnishing, prepara- pry, 71. : lever. pugilistic: fighting.
tion, condition, equipment, food, pry.v.i.: examine. puissance: power.
supply, action. prying, a.: curious. puissant; powerful,
proviso: clause, condition. prying, n.: curiosity, examina^ puke; vomit.
provisory; conditional. tion. pulchritude: beaitly.
provocation: incitement, excita- psalm: hymn. pule: cry, chirp.
tion, incentive, irritation. pseudonym: puling: ailing.

IS' See Notes of Explanation.

338
 rCRE
textual), detach, pluck, wrest, rive; spec. punctuate, v. t. 1. point; spec, inter-
epilate; see pick. punctuate or interpoint.
8. In this sense implying only an applied 2. See dot, EMPHASIZE.
force merely tending to move something pungency, n. 1. See acrimont.
toward the source or place from which the 2. irritatingness (rare), keenness, pene-
force acts (as distinguished from "push") trativeness (rare), penetration, poignancy
and not necessarily implying any resulting (rare), sharpness; spec, heat, pepperiness,
separation or motion, that idea being car- piquancy, stimulation; see acridity.
ried by added adverbs, os "away," "off," pungent, a. 1. See painful, affecting,
"out," etc.: spec, drag, tug, tear^ wrench, acrimonious.
haul, pluck, tweak, twang, twitch, lug, 2. irritating, keen, penetrative, penetrat-
stram, heave; see draw, jerk. ing, poignant (rare), sharp; spec, hot,
Animyms: see push. peppery, piquant, stimulatmg; see acrid.
8. See ATTRACT, DRINK, TRANSPORT. Antonyms: see bland.
pull, n. 1. Spec, drag, draw, tug, tear, punish, V. t. correct (euphemistic), les-
wrench, haul, pluck, twitch, tweak, son (literary), reward (literary or ironical),
twang, strain, lug {coUoq.), draft (o6s. or pay; spec, chastize, chasten, discipline,
dial.); see jerk. castigate, whip, dress (chiefly with
Antonyms: see push. "down"), trim, smite, haze, decimate,
2. See DRINK, ROW (pron. rO), attrac- centesimate (rare), fertile, tar, impale,
tion, INFLUENCE. rusticate, masthead, hang, penance, pep-
pulp, n. 1. See flesh. per, draw, Tartarize, torture, proctorize,
2. mash, mush (colloq.), pap, paste; spec. penaUze, fine, mulct, imprison.
mucilage, pomace. Ardonyms: see absolve, reward, ex-
pulp, V. t. 1. mash, pulpify (rare); spec. cuse.
masticate. punishment, n. 1. correction (euphemis-
2. dispulp (rare). tic), Tewaxd (literary or ironical), animad-
pulpit, n. 1. platform (contextual), ros- version (archaic), punition (rare), pay-
trum (learned or literary; contextual), tub ment, pay; spec, lesson, toco
(slang, Eng.),
(slang, Eng.). chastening, chastisement, discipline, cas-
2. <See MINISTRY. tigation, whipping, retribution, rod,
pulpy, a. pultaceous (rare), pulpous, pasty, penance, penitence (rare), impalement,
pappy (rare), mushy. cyphonism, censure, dispensation, ven-
Antonyms: see woodt. geance, fine, imprisonment.
pulsate, V. i. 1. beat, throb; spec, thump, Antonyms: see absolution, reward,
pant, quiver, palpitate, pit-a-pat, pit-pat, excuse.
shudder, tremble. 2. Referring to what is inflicted in order to
2. See VIBRATE. punish: see penalty.
pulsation, n. beating, beat, throb, stroke, punitive, a. corrective (euphemistic), pu-
shudder, tremble, palpitation, etc.; spec. nitory, disciplinary, castigatory, castiga-
pant, quiver, pit-a-pat, pit-pat, ictus, tive (rare), retributive, vindictive (rare),
rhythm, accent. vindicatory (rare).
pulverize, v. t. powder; spec, triturate, puppet, n. 1. lay figure, poppet (obs.),
levigate, grind, pound, crumble, stamp, marionette, fantoccini (pi.; Italian), neu-
flour (rorc), meal. ropast (tech. or rare); spec. Polichinelle
pump, n. 1. Spec. Mrs. Simpson (slang (French), Punchinello (Italian), Punch,
or cant). Judy.
2. Referring to the act of eliciiing informa- 2. tool, jackstraw (arch, or obs.), Jack-a-
tion from a person: tap (coHog'.). Lent (arch.); spec, creature.
pun, n. paronomasia (learnt), double- purblind, a. dim-sighted, starbUnd, mole-
entendre (French), conceit, calembour eyed (rare), cecutient (rare).
(French), equivoque (liierary), carriwitch- Antonyms: see clear-sighted.
et (slang), clinch (rare), quibble, quillet. pure, a. 1. In a physical sense: simple, un-
C:^' Cross references: ses Note. punctate: dotted. pup, n.: dog.
pullet: fowl, hen. punctatlon: dotting. pup, V. i.:bear.
pulley: wheel. punctilio: form. pupil: scholar.
pulmonic: consumpHve. punctilious: formal, scrupu- pupilage: minority, scholarship.
pulpous: fleshy. lous. puppetry: pretense.
pumloe: lava. punctual: ready. puppy: dog, jackanapes.
pummel: beat. puncture, v. t.: pierce. puppyism: conceit.
pump, V. «.; breathe. puncture, n.: opening, purchase, v. t.: buy.
punoh, n.; buffoon. punt, n. & v.: kick. purchase, n.; buying, bwy, ad-
punch, n.; blow, poke. punt^ e. i.: gamble. vantage, tackle.
punch, v.: strike, poke. puny: smaU. purchased: bought.

iW See Notes of Explaaatton.

339
 PVRENESS
mixed, unalloyed, unadulterated, clear, violaceous, hyacinthine, murrey (ar-
absolute, fine, neat (spec, or rare), clean chaic).
(obsolescent, exc. spec); spec, unstained, 2. See bloody, brilliant, outrageous.
refined, unsullied, uncorrupted, uncon- purple, n. Spec, purpur, murrey (hist, or
taminated, etc. archaic), mauve, puce, violet, lilac, hya-
Antonyms: see boiled, cinth, cudbear, damson, gridelin, helio-
2. See SMOOTH (as in sound), pttll- trope, magenta, solferino, etc.
BLOODED (in reference to lineage), abso- purposeless, a. idle, intentionless (rare),
LTJTB (in an intensive sense), coreect. aiinless, endless, driftless, chance.
3. In reference to freedom from moral de- ^urse, n. bag, pocket (rare), burse (ar-
filement: innocent, guiltless, guileless, chaic), pouch (archaic or poetic), sparron
sincere, clean, chaste, white, stainless, (Scot.); spec, gipser (archaic).
candid (archaic), seraphic, immaculate, pursue, V. t. 1. follow (contextxml) , hunt,
honest, virgin, incorrupt or imcorrupt, in- chase; spec, course, haUoo, chevy or
contaminate (rare) or incontaminated, chivy (Eng.), stalk.
untainted, undefiled, imblemished; see 2. prtjsecute, push, practice, drive, follow,
CHASTE. cultivate.
Antonyms: see corktjpt, lasciviotjs. 3. See continue.
purificatory, a. 1. cleansing, depurant pursuit, n. 1. following, hunting, hunt,
(meii.), depvirative, purgative (rare), put- chase; spec, chevy or chivy (£«{?.), course.
gatory (rare). 2. A seeking to attain: pursuance, quest;
2. In reference to morals: cleansing, pur- see search.
gatorial (rate), piffgatorian (rare); spec. 3. prosecution, practice, cultivation, con-
lustratory, lustral, lustrative. duct, business.
Anionyms: see corruptive. 4. See business, pad.
purity, V. t. 1. cleanse; spec, purge, rarefy, purulent, a. Spec, puslike, suppurative,
refine, fine, clear, depurate, defecate, mattery, festering, pussy (eollog^, sanious.
edulcorate, wash, expurgate (rare), epur- pus, n. humor, matter, purulence; spec.
ate (rare), subUme, retort, rectify; see empyema.
CLEAN. push, V. t. press, propel, thrust, shove.
Antonyms: see adulterate, dirtt, al- Antonyms: see draw, pull.
lot, soil. pusb, V. t. & i. 1. Spec, poke, detrude
2. In
reference to moral or spiritual clean/- (rare), boost U. S.), shuffle, hus-
(colloq.,
ness: cleanse, purge, chasten, sublime crowd, elbow, butt, nudge,
tle, jostle, jog,

(fig.), sublimate C^.), refine, fine (fig.);

shoulder, bunt, punt, pole, spoon.
spec, clarify, catharize (rare), reconcile. Antonyms: see pull.
Antonyms: see contaminate, coretjpt, 2. propel (contextual); see thrust, drivb,
SULLY. conduct, advance, prosecute, pursue,
purity, n. 1. In a physical sense:
clearness, URGE.
simpleness, absoluteness, fineness, neat- push, n. 1. pressure, press, propulsion;
ness (rare or spec.), cleanness. spec, thrust, shove, poke, trusion, detru-
Antonyms: see dirt. sion (rare), shuffle, jostle, jog, impulse,
2. See correctness. impulsion, boost, trustion (rare), nudge,
S. pureness, innocence, guiltlessness, bunt, butt, cant.
guilelessness, sincerity, cleanness, white- Antonyms: see pull.
ness, immaculateness, immaculacy, hon- 2. propulsion (contextual); see thrust,
esty, virginity, incorruptness, incorrupti- EFFORT, enterprise, AMBITION, ADVANCE.
bility, chastity or chasteness (esp. in tex- push button, n. Spec, pressel.
luil matters or in style) ; see chastity. pusher, n. hustler, rustler (i7. »Sn; colloq.),
Antonyms: see corruption; also cf. hummer (slang or colloq.).
LEWD, licentious. put, V. 1. place; spec, lay, set, thrust,
t.

purple, a. 1. purplish, purply, purpurate cast, hustle, stick, clap, rest, repose, im-
(archaic), purpurean (rare), porphyrous pose, throw, fflng, collocate; see deposit.
(rare), Tyrian (literary or cant); spec. 2. In a sense not implying the iranslocor

t^^ Cross references; see Note. purl, n.: frill. pursy: short-winded, fat, puck-
pureness: purity. purl, 71. <fc v.: flow, murmur, ered, rich.
purfle: border. purl, V. t.: edge. purvey, v. i.: provide.
purgation : cleaning, evacuation. purlieu : bound. purveyance: furnishing.
purgative: cathartic, cleaning, purloin; steal. purview: body, scope, view.
purificatory. purport, n.: meaning. push, V. i,: advance.
purge, v. t: clean, purify, re- purport, V. t; mean. pushing; enterprising, ambi-
move, evacuate, acquit, expiate. purpose, 71.: object, intention. tious.
purge, n.; cathartic, diarrhea, purpose, V. t: intend. pusillaniznouB; cowardly.
cleaning. purse, V. t: pucker. pustule; pimple.

tS^ See Notes ol Explanation.

340
 QUARTERS
turn of anything: place, lay, rest, repose, proprium (logic), mark, tinge (fig.), color
cast, fix, plant, set. (fig.), flavor (fig.), savor (fig.), object
8. See TRANSLATE, BASE, ATTRIBUTE, AP- (rare); spec, accident, spirit, virtue,
PLY, PROPOSE, ADD, INVEST. timbre, qualification; see oddity.
puzzle, n. I. See perplexitt, question. 2. See NATURE.
8. Referring to a thing that puzzles: spec. 3. stamp, caliber; see class, brand,
puzzlement (rare), tangram, trifle, ring, RANK.
rebus. quantity, n. 1. amount, quantum (learned
pygmy, n. atomy; see dwarf. or tech.), sum, volume, measure, magni-
Antonyms: see giant. tude, measurement, matter, mass, block,
length, feck (Scot), body, bulk, contigu-
ity (literary), lot (not coUoq., exc. spec.;
often somewhat depreciatory); spec, deal
quaok, v. i. cry (contextiud), quackle. (ttsed usually laith "good," "great," "vast,"
quack, n. pretender (contextital), charla- etc.), batch (chiefly depreciatory; coUoq.),
tan, mountebank (now rare or hist.), sal- cast (tech. or dial.), size, abundance,
timbanco {Italian), quacksalver (obsoles- driblet, pittance, grist (U. S.; coUoq.),
cent), medicaster (rare); spec. Sangrado, bunch (slang), pot, wad (coUoq.), hck
empiric. (colloq.), bundle, complement (rare), par-
quack, a. charlatan, circumforaneous cel, quota, quotiun, quotiety (rare) , journey
(rare), quacky (rare), charlatanish, quack- (Eng.), floor, malt, baking, washing, etc.
ish; spec, empirical or empiric, mounte- 2. See SIZE, DURATION.
bank (rare). quarrel, n. disagreement (contextiud), row
quackery, n. imposture (contextual), char- (colloq.), disturbance, diJBference (euphe-
latanry, charlatanism, mountebankery mistic); spec, fight, contention, contest,
(rare), quackism;
spec, empiricism. controversy, wrangle, squabble, brawl,
quadrangle, n. quadrilateral, quad (col- misimderstanding, discord, embroilment,
loq.), tetragon; spec, trapezium, parallel- imbroglio, feud, bicker, miff (colloq.),
ogram, etc. tiff,huff, spat (colloq.), discord (obsoles-
qualtflcation, n. 1. change, modification, cent), breeze (coUog.), brangle (rare),
limitation. branglement (obs.), brabble or brabble-
2. See quality, adaptation. ment (archaic), brigue (obs.), collie-
8. condition (contextu/d), fitness, capac- shangie (Scot.), cample (Eng. dial.), pique
ity, eligibility, competency. (obsolescent).
Antonyms: see disqualification. Antonyms: see agreement.
4. In reference to the ad of qualifying: quarrel, v. i. disagree (contextual), differ
capacitation, habilitation. (contextual; often humorous), row (col-
qualified, a. 1. able, fit, adapted, compe- loq.); spec, contend, wrangle, squabble,
tent, eligible. brawl, strive, fight, tiff, huff, bicker, spat
2. See limited. (colloq.), fratch (chiefly dial.), fray (ar-
Anionyms: unqualified.
see chaic), cangle (Scot.), cample (Eng. dial.).
qualify, v. t. 1. See describe, moderate, Antonyms: see agree.
ABATE, CHANGE, RESTRICT. quarrelsome, a. combative; spec, con-
3. fit, adapt, capacitate (for habil- office), tentious, dissentious, discordant, pugna-
itate (rare); spec, rehabilitate, recapaci- cious, wranglesome (rare), cat-and-dog
tate, entitle. (colloq.), quarreling, cantankerous (col-
Antonyms: see disqualify. loq.), currish, ugly (U. S.; colloq.), un-
quality, n. attribute, property, charac-
1. peaceable (rare).
teristic, character, feature, singularity, Antonyms: see peaceable.
trait, peculiarity, affection (obsolescent), quarters, n. pi. billet, cantonment.
^P Cross references: see Note. pygmy: dwarfs smatX. qualie, n..- tremble, earthquake.
putative: supposed. pyramid: mound. qualm: fit, nausea.
putrefaction: decomposition, pyre: heap. qualmlsli; nauseous, sick.
corruption. quandary; perplexity, predica-
putrefactive: decomposing. Q ment.
putrefy: decompose. quaclc,n.: cry. quantum: quantity, share.
putrescence; decomposition. quadruple, a.: fovirfdld. quarantine: isolate.
putrid: decomposed. quadruple, v. t.: mvlti%^y, quarry, n.: prey, object.
putridity: decompositum, cor- quaff, n.; drink. quarry, n.: excavation.
ruption. quag; marsh. quarry, c. (.; dig.
putter: poUer. quagmire; marsh. quarter, n.; fourth, place, ter-
puxzle, V. t.: perplex. quaU, V. i.: shrink. ritory, lodge, abode, mercy, di-
puzzle, 0. i.: grope. quail, V. t.: intimidate. rection.
puzzle-headed: confused. quaint: odd. quarter, v. t: divide, lodge.
puzzlement: perplexity. qual<e, 11. i.; trenMe. quarter, ti. t.: lodge.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

23 341
 .

QUARTET
quartz, n. silicon (tech.); spec, flint, crys- ical, fishy (slang or colloq.); spec, sus-
tal, amethyst, citrine, false topaz, chert, picious; see ambiguous, obscure.
chalcedony, onyx, jasper, etc. Antonyms: see unquestionable.
quay, n. Spec, levee (southern and western quick, a. 1. iSee lively, ready, irascible,
U. 8.), bund or bunder (the far East); see nimble, rapid.
PIBK. 2. speedy (as in "a speedy result").
queen, n. 1. monarch (contextual), princess quicken, v. i. 1. See live.
(archaic), begum (Anglo-Indian); spec. 2. Also V. t. accelerate, brisk (often iised
Kaiserin, czarina. with "up"); spec, raise.
2. See PAEAQON. Antonyms: see slow, retahd.
queen, a. royal, regal, reginal (rare); see quid, n. chew, cud (vulgar).
KINGLY. quiet, a. 1. still, tranquil, placid, im-
question, n. 1. Referring to the action or moved, quiescent.
act: inquiry or enquiry, quest (obs. or Antoynms: see agitated.
rare), inquest (chiefly tech.), interroga- 2. See PEACEFUL, peaceable, calm, in-
tion; spec, quiz (U. S.), docimasy, cross- active, motionless, silent.
question, interpellation; see examina- quill, n. 1. See spool.
tion. 2. Referring to part of a feather: shaft,
2. Referring to what is asked: inquiry, barrel, tube, beam, quillet, rib.
?[uery, interrogation, interrogatory, qusere quitter, n. craven, turncoat, welcher (cant
Latin); spec, demand, puzzle, conun- or colloq.), crawfish (slang).
drum, poser, problem, camwitchet (obs. or quiver, n. shake (contextval) , tremble,
rare), puzzler, tickler (colloq.); see riddle. quaver, flutter, flicker; spec, twitter,
Antonyms: see answer. sliiver, twitch, twitteration (rare), palpi-
3. Referring to a subject that gives rise to, tation; see vibration, pulsation, shud-
or is the subject of, question: spec, problem, der.
puzzle, conundrum, enigma, knot, sphinx, quiver, v. i. shake (contextual), tremble,
mystery. quaver, flutter, flicker; spec, twitter,
Antonyms: see answer. shiver, twitch, palpitate, tirl (chiefly
4. See DOUBT, AMBIGUITY. Scot.); see vibrate, pulsate, shudder.
question, v. t. 1. ask, inquire or en- quotation, n. 1. citation, selection, ex-
quire, interrogate, query (rare); spec. cerpt, extract, excerption (rare); spec.
catechize, quiz (V. S.), heckle, cross- cutting, chpping, analect, tag, text,
hackle (chiefly Eng.), cross-question, epigraph; see commonplace.
cross-examine, cross-interrogate, inter- 2. See mention, price.
pellate, pump (slang or colloq^, interview, quotation marks, guillemets (French;
wonder (v. i.); see examine. esp. those of the French kind)
Antonyms: see answer. quote, V. t. excerpt, extract, cite, take.
2. dispute, challenge; spec, recuse.
5. See DOUBT.
question, v. i. ask (usually with "after,"
R
"about," or "of"), inquire or enquire, won- rabbit, n. cony in statutes, among
(rare, exc.
der. gamekeepersj poachers, cooks, etc.), bunny
questionable, doubtful, uncertain, dis-
a. (a pet name), bun {colloq. for *'bunny");
putable, debatable, ar^able, controvert- spec, doe, drummer, cottontail, jack or
ible, controversial, equivocal, problemat- jackrabbit.
t^^ Cross references: see Note. quicken, v. t.: animate, excite, quite, adv.: completely, truly,
quartet: four. enliven, kindle. exacUy, very.
quash.: invalidate, abolish, sup- quickly, adv.: readily, rapidly. quits, a.: equal.
press. quick-witted: intelligent. quittance: freeing,jpayment.
quaver, n.: trill, quiver, falter. quiescent: m.otionless. quixotic : visionary.
quaver, v. i.: trill, treTnble, fal- quiet, n,: peace, calm, silence. quiz, n.: jester, hoax.
ter. quiet, V. t.: calm, still, silence. quiz, V. i.: jest.
queasy: sensitive, scrupulous. quietness: peace, calm, still- quiz, V. t.: question, examine.
queer: odd. ness, silence. quizzical: laughable, jesting.
quell: suppress, overcome. quietude: peace, silence. quoin: comer.
quench.: extinguish, appease. quilt, n.: bedcover. quondam: former.
quenchless: inextinguishable. quilt, V. t: cushion, sew. quota: quantity, share.
querulous : complaining. quip; sarcasm, witticism, con- quoth: said.
query: Question. ceit, caprice, prevarication, gew- quotidian: daily, trivial.
quest, n.: pursuit, search^ ex- gaw, oddity.
pedition. quirk: witticism, prevarication^
quest, V. i.: search. conceit, caprice, flourish.
question, v. i.: doubt. quit, a.: free. rabble, n.: mob.
quibble, V. i.: prevaricate. quit, V. t. : behave, abandon, rabble, a.; vulgar.
quibble, n.: prevarication. stop, leave, pay. rabid: mad, frantiCf violent.
quick, adv.; rapidly. quit, V. i.: desert. rabies: madness.
K^^ See Notes oC E^lanatlon.
342
 RAISING
race, n. breed, group, line, brood, stock,
1. railroad, n. railway, rail (chiefly in "by
strain, folk, stem, tribe, nation, people, rail"), road; spec, tram (Great Britain),
family, kind (referring esp. to animals), tramway, junction, branch, switchback,
phylum (tech.); spec, clan, tribe; see telpher. In the United States the local
FAMILY, BREED. horse-car or electric roads are usually
2. See KIND. called "railways," in British usage "tram-
race, n. 1. See cdkrent, chaknel. ways"; otherwise "railroad" is the usual
2. competition, career, course (archaic); word in the United States, "railway" the
spec, procession (slang), handicap, go-as- usual word in British usage.
you-please (colloq.), derbv, sweepstakes, rain, n. 1. meteor (contextual; tech.), fall
broose or brooze (Scot.), lampadedromy, (contextual), wet (contextual); spec, show-
lampadephoria, regatta. er, cloudburst, pour, downpour, plash,
racecourse, n. course (contextual), track, flood, sprinkle, mizzle, rainfall, drizzle,
cursus (tech.); spec, hippodrome. flurry, drencher, mist, raiadown, flash,
racecourse, a. dxomic or dromical (liter- drisk (U. S.), skit, dash, brash (chiefly
dial.), clash (Scot.), serein (French),
racer, n. competitor (contextual), entrant drops (pi.).
(contextual); spec, runner, walker, 1am- 2. See FLIGHT.
padephore, lampadist. rain, v. i. 1. Spec, pour, sprinkle) shower,
racial, a. phyletic (hiol.), gentile. drizzle, mist, mizzle, spit (colloq.).
rack, n. frame; spec, crib, heck (Scot. & 2. See FALL.
dial. Eng.), cratch (ohs. or Eng. dial.), rain, v. t. See lavish.
stand, flake, brake (hist.). rainbow, n. bow (rare or contextual), iris
radiation, n. 1. See emission, rat. (rare); spec, watergall, weathergall.
2. In an intransitive sense: radiature rainy, a. wet (contextual), pluvious (rare),
(rare),emanation, irradiation, irradiance pluvial (rare), pluviose (rare), juicy
or (rare) irradiancy; see shining. (slang); spec, showery, drizzly, mizzly,
Antonyms: see absorption. drizzling, dripping, drippy, droppy (now
radical, a. extreme, ultra. dial.).
raft, n. vessel, float, floatboat (rare), ra- Antonyms: see clear, sunny.
deau (French);, spec, crib, kelek, cata- raise, V. See erect, advance, revive,
t. 1.
maran, jangada, jangar. EXCITE, CAUSE, BUILD, INTENSIFY, BREED,
rafter, n. beam; spec, principal, couple, GROW, CREATE, ENNOBLE, ELEVATE, IN-
chevron, spar. CREASE, BRIGHTEN, GET, EXPECTORATE,
rag, n. clout (archaic or dial.), tatter, rag- EMBOSS, STRENGTHEN, UTTER, BEGIN.
gery (rags collectively); spec, stitch, rib- 2. elevate, lift, rise (rare), hoist, heave
bands (pi.). (archaic, exc. spec), upheave, boost, up-
raEamuffin, n. ragged robin (fig.), tatter- lift (an intensive), upraise, uphold (rare),
demahon, ragabash (Scot. & dial. Eng.). rear, uprear (rare), upbear (rare), weigh
Antonyms: see dandy. (chiefly spec), upwhirl (rare), higher
rage, v. i.storm, rave; spec, rampage,
1. (rare or illiterate), height (archaic); spec.
ramp, smoke, mad (rare), debacchate
boil, mount, exalt (rare), subUme (rhetorical or
(obs. or rare); see bluster. rare), float, crane, crank, windlass, jack,
2. See STORM, DESIRE, PAIN, BURN. brail, rope, cathead, cat, trip, pulley,
raging, a. 1. raving, rampant; see frantic. levitate, turn.
Antonyms: see calm. Antonyms: see lower, fell, sink.
2. See VIOLENT, burning. 3. Referring to notes or tones: elevate;
ragpicker, ragman, chiflfonnier (French); spec shan).
spec, bunter. 4. As in to raise a question, a discussion,
rail, n. 1. See bar. etc.": stii (used with "up")
2. Spec, tram, point, gully (Eng.), racer; 5. See ADVANCE.
— referring to a rail in a track. raising, n. 1. See erection, revival, etc.
railing, n. barrier; spec, balustrade, ba,n- 2. elevation, lift, heave (rare, exc. spec);
ister. spec boost (slang), uplift (an intensive).
1^ Cross rtjerences: see Note. racy: palatable, lively, stimulat- radiogram: message.
race, v. i.: hasten. ing. radius: line, circle.
race, v. t: run. radial: divergenJt. raffle: lottery.
raok, V. i.: pain, distress, strain, radiance: light, luminosity, rage: derangement, anger,fremy,
oppress. emission. violence, fad.
raok, V. i.: go. radiant: luminous, pleased. raid, n..* invasion, attack.
racket,n.; din, carouse, /rolic. radiate, shine, diverge.
v. i.: raid, v. t.: attack, plunder.
rackety: noisy, livAy. radiate, v. t: emit, diffuse, rail, v. i.: scold, revile.
racking: wearing. radiating; luminous, divergent. raillery: pleasantry.
raconteur: narrator. radiative: divergent, luminous. raiment: clothing.

XS' See Notes of Explanation.

343
 —
RAKE
hoist, exaltation (archaic or rhetoricaC), rapidity, n. celerity, speed. _

sublimation (rare), floating, etc., levita- rapidly, adv. fast, quick, quickly, express,
tion. post (archaic), tite (obs., exc. dial, in "as
rake, v. t. 1. See gather, cultivati:, tite as"), briskly, roundly, apace; spec,
SEARCH, SCRAPE. electrically (fig.).
2. In military itsage: enfilade. rare, a. 1. sparse, thin, infrequent.
ram, v. t. 1. beat; spec, tamp, pmi, block. Antonyms: see abounding.
8. See DRIVE, CROWD. 2. See UNUSUAL, infrequent.
rampart, n. circumvallation, rampire (ar- rascal, n. rogue, scoundrel, blackguard,
chaic), wall, vallum {chiefly spec). villain, scamp, miscreant (rare or literary),
range, n. 1. See bow, grazing, area, scalawag (colloq.), scapegrace, rapscalhon
PERIOD, EXTENT, SCOPE, BOUND, COMPASS, or rascallion (rare), vagabond, reprobate,
VIEW, MOUNTAIN. knave (often opposed to "fool"), imp, limb
2. distance, reach, throw, fire, cast, shot, (coUoq.), sinner (in trivial use), varlet (ar-
gunshot, sweep; see sight, HEARiNa. chaic), shyster (vulgar or cant; j7. S.),
rank, n. 1. See row, class. spalpeen (Irish), scab (vulgar shng), skel-
2. Referring chiefly to social position: po- lum (archaic or South Africa), comrogue
sition, place, order, sphere, gradation, (archaic), canter (archaic), rautener (obs.).
grade, estate, station, standing, condi- rascality, n. scoundreUsm, roguery, black-
tion, class, quality (obsolescent), status guardism, villainy, vagabondage, varletry
(tech. or learned), caste, degree; spec, dis- (archaic), reprobacy, knavery.
tinction; see plebeianism, nobility. rascally, a. scoundrelly, villainous, scamp-
rank, a. 1. See luxuriant, offensive, ish, roguish, knavish, reprobate.
OUTRAGEOUS. rash, a. hare-brained, reckless, unadvised
2. ill-smelling (contextiud), high, strong; (contextual), temerous (rare), temerarious
spec, rancid; see foul, petid. (literary); spec, adventurous, hot-headed,
ArUonyms: see fragrant. hot-brained, madbrain, madcap; see
rape, n. ill treatment (contextiud), viola- HASTY, VENTURESOME, CARELESS.
tion, ravishment, stupration (rare), de- Antonyms: see careful.
virgination (rare), violence (contextual). rashness, n. recklessness, temerarious-
rape, v. t. ill-treat (contextital), violate, rav- ness, etc.
ish, force, devirginate (rare), deflower. Antonyms: see care.
rapid, a. 1. fast, swift, quick, fleet (chiefly rather, adv. 1. more; rwt idiomatically
poetic or rhetorical), brisk, smart, lively, synonymous.
speedy, raking (rare), apace (predicative); 2. more, sooner, preferably.
spec, spanking, electric C^.), running, rational, a. 1. sane, natural, reasoning,
round, arrowy. reasonable (rare).
Antonyms: see slow, sluggish. Antonyms: see irrational, deranged,
2. See HASTY, FREQUENT, QUICK, ACTIVE. UNREASONING.
rapid, n. shoot, sharp (rare), riffle (U. S.), 2. See REASONABLE.
sault (local American); spec, dalles rationalist, n. In religious maiters: neol-
(U. S. & Canada). ogist, neologian.

12^ Cross references: see Note. ranch: house, farm. rapine: plunder.
rake, n.: libertine, rancid: iH-smelUng, rank. rapport: correspondence.
rake, v. i.: dieeipate. rancor, rancour: ill-will. rapscallion: rascal.
rake, n.: inclination. rancorous: hateful, malevolent. rapt: ecstatic, absorbed, abducted.
rake, v, i.: incline. random: chance. raptorial: predacious.
rakish: dissipated. range, v. t.: align, arrange, rapture, n.: ecstasy, frenzy,
rally, n..* meeting, recovery, traverse, classify. rhapsody.
round. range, v. i.: go, wander, stray, rapture, D. <.; transport, frenzy.
rally, v, t: gather, recover, con^ extend, change, vary, cruise. rapturous: ecstatic.
centrate, roitse, stimulate. rank, v. t.: arrange, doss, place, rarefy : thin, purify.
rally, v. i.: meet, recover, rouse. precede, rase: efface.
rally, n-: pleasantry. rank, v. i,: be. rasp : scrape.
rally, v. t: banter. rankle, v, i.: fester, pain. ratable: correspondent.
ramble, v. i. : wander. ransack, v. i,: search. rate, n,: value, price, charge,
ramble, n.: wander, excursion. ransom, n.: freeing, expiation, proportion, class, speed.
rambling, a.: ijandering, dzs- price. rate, v. t,: consider, value, dasa,
cursive. ransom, v. t.: free, expiate, buy. tax.
rambling, n.: wander. rant, v.: declaim. rate, v. t,: scold.
ramify; branch, extend. rant, n.: bombast. ratifloatory: confirmatory.
ramp: inclination. rap, n,: particle. ratify: confirm.
rampage: rage, rush, go. rap, n,: stroke, knock. rating: scolding.
rampageous: boisterous. rap, (.; strike, knock.
t). ratio: proportion.
rampant: boisterous, raging, rapacious: greedy, predacious. ratiocinate: reason.
violent, luxurious. rapacity: greed. ration, n.: allowance, food.
ramshackle: rickety. rapier: sword. ration, v, t.: provision.

W See Notes of Explanation.

344
 — —

REASON
mttenlng;, n. sabotage {French). tor, gospeler, lectress or lectrice {rare),
ZKttle, V. i. U clatter,
ruckle, chatter, droner, Uner.
clack, brattle (chiefly Scot.), bicker. readily, adv. ready (now only in the com-
2. See CHATTER, DRIVE. paraii/oe or superlative, exc. coUoq. or dud.),
rattle, n. 1. rattler, clack; spec, fiddle, quickly, immediately, summarily, prompt-
crotalum or crotal. ly, forwardly, etc.
S. clatter, ruckle, dack, chatter, brattle reading, n. 1. Referring to the action: peru-
{chiefly Scot.), bicker. sal (formal or literary), lecture (archaic),
8. See DIN, CHATTER. lection (obs.); spec, perlection (rare), lin-
rave, v. i. wander. ing, deaconing.
ravine, n. cleft {corUextudl), gap (corUext- 2. Referring to thai which is read: spec.
'); spec, gorge, gulch, gully, defile, gulf, lection, lesson, perioope.
(dM. EngTj, cTough (now chiefly dial. ready, a. 1. See prepared, willing, avail-
Stjjt.),, cleuch or cleugh {Scot), water- able, FLUENT, quick-witted, ACCESSI-
fall, linn {chiefly Scot.), couloir {French), BLE.
barranoo {Spanish), kloof {South Africa), 2. prompt, quick, forward, facile, free,
khor (Arabian), nullah {Anglo-Indian), swift, clever, speedy, handy, adroit, apt,
khud {East India). offhand, easy, nimble, alacritous, alert,
raw, See ttncooeed.
a. 1. habile (literary); spec, punctual.
2. See CHUDE, IITEXPESIENCED, BLEAK. Antonyms: see slow, hesitating.
8l Referring to sores, wounds, etc.: bare, 8. suitable, ripe.
excoriated, fresh, green. realism, n. 1. In philosophy, ''naturalism,"
ray, n. 1. beam, radiation {rare or tech.), "realism," "conceptualism," and "nom-
shaft, emanation {chiefly spec), irradia^- inalism" are related, but not synonymous.
tion (rare or rhetorical), rayon (rare); spec. Antonyms: see idealism.
raylet, sunbeam, moonbeam, streamer. 2. In literature and art: naturalism; spec.
2. See LIGHT, TRACE, GLANCE. Zolaism.
reaoh, v. t. 1. See extend, touch, grasp, Antonyms: see idealism, romanticism.
AFFECT. 8. See actuality.
2. make, arrive (archaic), attain, fetch, realistic, a. naturalistic, descendental
gain, win; spec, soar (rare), recover (rare), (chiefly spec); spec, unideal, picturesque,
regain. positive, graphic or (rare) graphical; see
8. touch, make; referring to an amount, descendental.
etc. realize, v. t. 1. See ACTUALIZE, UNDER-
reaoh, v. i. 1. See extend, carry. STAND, EXPERIENCE, BRING.
2. come, arrive, accede (rare), attain; see 2. Toconceive in the mind as being objec-
ARRIVE. tively actual: externalize, objectify, ob-
react, v. i. return; spec, recoil. jectize (rare), entify (rare).
reaction, n. Spec, retroaction, revulsion, S. get, make, clear, net.
backlash. ream, v. t. enlarge, drift, broach.
reactionary, a. revulsive; spec, conserva- rear, v. t. 1. See build, erect, raise,
tive. GROW, ESTABLISH.
read, v. t. 1. peruse (literary, affected, or hu- 2. Referring to bringing up by care and
morous); spec, decipher, revolve (rare), nurture: raise, breed, foster, educate
see, interpret, thumb, overlook (archaic), (now rareor spec), nvirture; spec, cradle.
line, deacon, call. The usual term now is "to bring up."
2. See PERCEIVE, INTRODUCE, LEARN, reason, n. 1. ground, motive, wherefore
U'lTKR. (colloq.), score, matter, occasion, foundar
read, See study, seem.
v. i. 1. tion. cause, basis, root, argument, ration-
2. go, run; as in "the passage reads like ale (tech.); spec, gist, pretense, considera-
this." tion; see EXCUSE.
reader, n. peruser; spec, elocutionist, lec- 2. Referring to the faculty: inteUigence,

V^ Cross references: see Note. greedy, plundering. reach, n.: extent.

rattle, v. i.: drive. ravin: plunder. real: actu(U, genuine.
rattle, t; knock, confuse.
v. raving, a.: ddirious, deranged, realm: domain, sphere.
raucous: harsh. raging. ream: enlarge.
ravage, v. (.; devastate, plunder. raving, n.: delirium. reanimate: revive, encourage.
ravage, n.: devastation. ravish: abduct, transport, rape, reap: cut, harvest, gain.
rave, v. i.: rage. plunder, frenzy. rear, n.: back, posterior, taU.
ravel, v. <..* unravel, untangle, ravishment: ecsUisy, rape. rear, a.: himl.
disentangle. raw: uncooked. reared: bred, trained.
ravel, n.: tangle, end. ray, u. i.: ehine. rearward, adv.: backurard.
raven, v. i.: plunder, prowl, eat. rayless: dark, blind. rearward, a.: hind.
ravenous: hungry, gluttonous. raze: demolish. reason, v. t.: discuss, bring.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

345
 REASON
rationality, sense, sanity; see intelli- Antonyms: see advance, oveehanq,
gence. PROGRESS.
3. See GROUND, BASIS. 2. See SLOPE, DEPART, WITHDRAW, DE-
reason, v. i. think, ratiocinate {rare or tech.), CLINE.
rationate (rare), intelligize (rare), intellec- receive, v. t. 1. accept, get, take, catch,
tualize (rare), logicize (rare), paralogize have, acquire; apec. reset (archaic), em-
(rare); spec, syllogize, philosophize, argue. brace, greet.
reasonable, a. 1. In the sense of "agreeable Antonyms: see decline, reject.
to reason": rational, logical, sensible, sane, 2. See ADMIT, believe, experience, en-
just; spec, well-founded; see pair. dure, UNDERSTAND, SHELTER, HOLD;
Antonyms: see irrational, absurd, HEAR, CONSIDER.
GROUNDLESS. 3. In the sense of "to allow to come into
2. See MODERATE, RATIONAL. one's presence or to give audience to": see.
reasoning, n. ratiocination, syllogization, receiver, n. recipient, receptor (rare); spec.
discursion or discourse (archaic), logic donee (tech.), donatary (esp. Scots law),
(tech.); spec, fallacy, sophistry. grantee, donatee (rare), hopper, fence, re-
reassuring, a. Spec, comforting, assuring, setter (archaic), treasurer, collector, tell-
encouraging, cheerful. er, etc.
rebirth, n. renascence (rare). recency, n. recentness, lateness, newness,
rebuild, v. t. build (ccniextvuVi , reform youth, lowness, neoterism (tech. or
(contextual), reconstruct, reerect, reedify learned); see modernness, newness,
(rare); spec. Haussmanize. FRESHNESS.
recall, v. t. I. revoke (obs. or rare); spec. Antonyms: see antiquity.
encore. recent, a. late, new, young, low (of a date),
2. retract, swallow withdraw,
(colloq.), neoteric (tech. or learned); see new, mod-
unsay, recant, renounce, abnegate, deny; ern, FRESH.
spec, repudiate, reject (rare), abjure. Antonyms: see ancient, obsolete.
3. In the sense of "to bring back" (to some recently, adv. lately, latterly, newly, new
state or condition): restore, revive, revoke (chiefly used in combination), late (rare or
(rare), reclaim (rare). poetic).
Antonyms: see dismiss. receptacle, n. 1. receiver, repository, ves-
4. In the sense of "to bring back to the mind sel, reservoir, container (chiefly comm.),
or as an object of memory" : retrace (rare), continent (archaic); spec, encasement, cus-
commemorate (rare or spec), revive. todial, bin, locker, drip, well, cist, saveall, .

Antonyms: see forget. sink, cibarium, trough, boot, tabernacle,

5. See REVOKE, UNDO, REMEMBER, RE- safe; see basin, box, case, bag,, cask, etc.
VIVE, COMPOSE. 2. support (contextual), base; spec, torus,
recall, n. 1. revocation (obs. or rare), recall- thalamus.
ment (rare); spec, encore, lure. reception, n. 1. acceptance, recipience or
unsaying, recantation, with-
2. retraction, recipiency (rare), receipt, getting, taking,
drawal, withdrawment (rare); spec, ab- etc.
juration. 2. See admission, belief, shelter,
3. restoration, revocation (rare), reclama- HOLDING.
tion (rare).. 3. Spec, matinee (French inform, but An^
4. retracement (rare), commemoration glicized in usage), levee, soiree (French),
(rare), revival. at-home, drawing-room, Friday, durbar
5. See REVOCATION, REMEMBRANCE, RE- (East-Indian), rueUe.
VIVAL. reception room. Spec, parlatory.
recast, v. t. 1. Referring to metal: cast (cortr receptive, a. recipient, suscipient (rare);
textual), refound. spec, hospitable, open-eyed; see suscep-
2. See REFASHION. tible.
recede, v. i. 1. In the sense of "to go bach": Antonyms: see unrecepttve.
retrocede' (rare), retrograde, regress, re- receptivity, n. recipiency (rare), receptive-
trogress, retire, retreat, return; spec. ebb. ness; spec, hospitableness, hospitality.
1^^ Cross references: see Note. rebel, a.: insurgent, disobedient. rebuke, n.: reproof.
reasoning; rational. rebel, n.: insurye7t.t. rebus: riddle.
reasonless: irrational, ground- rebel, v. i.: insurrect. [ence. rebut: check, disprove.
less, unwise. rebellion: insurgence, disobedi- recalcitrant: disobedient.
reassure: encourage. rebellious: insurgent, diso- recant: recall.
reave, v. i.: plunder. bedient. recapacitate: guaZify.
reave, v. t: deprive, take. rebound, v. i.: bound. recapitulate: repeat.
reave, n.; plunder. rebuS, V. t: repel, check. recast, n.: refashioninent.
rebate, v. t.: deduct. [tion. rebuff, 71.; repulse, check. reoeipt, v. t: acknowledge.
rebate, n.: deduction, diminu- rebuke, v. t.: reprove. recension: editing.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

346
 —
RECORD
recess, n. 1. See intebval, retreat, re- erarious (literary); spec, desperate; see
CBBBION, INTERIOR, INLET. venturesome.
2. hollow, cover, nook, alcove, niche, re- Antonyms: see careful, afraid.
treat; spec, pigeonhole, cubbyhole, oriel; recklessly, adv. disregardfuUy, carelessly,
see CLOSET. rashly, etc., slap-bang (colloq.), slap-dash
Ariionyms: see projection. (coUoq.).
recess, v.t. 1. See hollow. recklessness, n. carelessness (contextual),
2. niche; to put in a recess. rashness, etc.; spec, desperation. Cf.
leoesston, n. withdrawal, retirement, re- reckless.
tiral, regression, regress, retrocession, re- reclaim, v. t. 1. See reform, tame, civil-
treat, retrogression, recess (chiefly spec), ize.
return; spec, retrogradation; see re- 2. Referring to land: recover, redeem, in
treat. (only in v. b. n., "inning".; Eng.).
Antonyms: see advance, progress. recognition, n. 1. See acknowledg-
recessive, a. regressive, retrogressive; see ment, notice, acceptance, knowledge.
BACKWARD. 2. perception (conlextvaL), identifica-
reciprocal, a. correspondent, correspond- tion; spec, diagnosis, diagnosticatidn
ing, correlative, complementary;
cross, (rare), exequatur.
spec, equivalent; see mutual. recognize, v. t. 1. See acknowledge, no-
reciprocal, n. correlate; spec, return, tice, ACCEPT.
equivalent, counterpart, etc. 2. perceive (contextual) ^ know, identify;
reciprocate, v. i. 1. correspond, correlate. spec, diagnose, diagnosticate (rare).
2. Referring to motion: alternate, gig recoil, v. i. 1. return (conieiAual), rebound,
{chiefly U. S.), shuttle, seesaw. resile (rare), kick (chiefly apec), reverber-
reciprocate, v. t. 1. See interchange, ate (rare); spec, double, tail.
REQUITE, RETURN. 2. See RETREAT, SHRINK.
2. shuttle, seesaw (rare). recoil, n. 1. return (contextual), rebound,
reciprocation, n. I. Referring to the rela- resile (rare), spring, kick (chiefly spec),
tion: correspondence, reciprocality, cor- resilience, reverberation (rare); spec, re-
relation, reciprocity; spec, mutuality. percussion, backstroke, bricole.
2. Referring to motion: alternation, to- See RETREAT, SHRINK.
2.
and-fro, seesaw, shuttle (rare). recommendation,
n. 1. See ADVICE.
8. jSee exchange, return. 2. Referring to a letter or document that
reciprocity, n. correspondence. recommends: testimonial, testimonium.
recitation, n. 1. repetition, rehearsal, re- reconciled, a. resigned.
cital, saying; spec, declamation, intona^ reconsider, v. t. consider, rethink (rare),
tion, intonement, pattering, cantillation revise, review.
(rare). record, n. 1. account; spec, minutes, diary,
2. See ACCOUNT, mention. journal, proceedings, memorandum, score,
recite, v. t. 1. repeat, rehearse, say; spec. memorial, file, cartulary, docket, iter,
declaim (chiefly U. S.), intone, patter, logbook or log, itinerary, dufter (Anglo-
cantillate (rare), chant, monotone, rhap- Indian), protocol; see history, report.
sodize. 2. Referring to the record made by self-
2. See NARRATE, MENTION. recording instruments: register; spec.
reckless, a. 1. See careless, rash. trace, tracing, phonogram, thermograph,
2. Implying heedless rashness: careless sphygmograph, etc
(contextual), rash, harum-scarum, wild, record, V. t. memorandum (rare), minute,
wanton, madcap, hare-brained, hare- score, enter, enrcgister (rare), mark, note,
brain, hot-headed, bold, devil-may-care monumentalize, chronicle, inscroll (rare),
(coUoq.), dare-devil, temerous (rare), tem- memorize (rare), notch, nick, journal,
t^ Cross references: see Note. reckoning: computation, con- recompense, v. t.: pay, compen-
reoeSBlonal: hymn. sideration, anticipation, ac- sate, reward.
reoldlrate: relavse. count. recompense, n.; pay, payment,
recipe: formula. recline: incline, rest. compensation, reward.
recipience: reception. recluse: hermit. reconcilable: consistent.
recipiency: receptivity, recep- reclusion: retirement, reconcile: conciliate, reunite,
tion. recollect (pron. rek-o-lekt') re- : harmonize.
reciprocate: interchange, re- member, compose. recondite: abstruse.
turn. recollected: calm. reconnaissance: survey, ex-
recital: recitation, account, men- recollection: remembrance, amination,
tion, concert. memory. reconnoiter,reconnoitre:sur-
reck, n.: care, desire. recommence: renew, begin. vey, examine.
reck, V. t.: notice. recommend: commit, mention, reconstitute: reform. [form.
reckon: compiUe, consider, advise. reconstruct: build, form, re-
daaa, anticipate. recommit: refer, commit. reconvene: meet.

t^* See Notes of Explanation.

347
 , .

journalize, diarize, catalogue,
HISTOKICIZE.
recorder, n. 1. Spec, registrator (rare),
register (rare), registrer (rare), chronicler,
registrar, registrary (rare), clerk, notary,
prothonotary, secretary, griflfier (Eng.),
historiographer.
2. Referring to a device or instrument:
spec, marker, scorer, tracer, electrograph,
sphygmograph, phonograph, etc.
recover, get (contextual), regain, re- recurrent, a. discontinuous, returning, re-
v. t. 1.
acquire, retrieve, reobtain, repossess, re-
occupy, reget (rare), rewin; spec, revin-
dicate (rare), replevin (now U.S.), re-
plevy, reconquer, recapture, reseize.
Antonyms: see lose.
2. Referring to the regaining or resuming
of a state, condition, quality, etc.: regain,
resume, reestablish, recuperate (rare).
8. In the sense of "to bring hack from a
state, condition, etc.": reclaim, recall,
rally, rescue, retrieve, right (a reflexive);
see RECLAIM.
4. In the sense of "to get better from" (a
sickness, etc.): recuperate (obs. or rare),
retrieve (rare).
5.See CURE, BBVTVE, RETRIEVE, COM-
POSE.
recover, v. i. 1. recuperate, retrieve, re-
cruit, rally;spec, convalesce.
2. In the sense of "to regain one's footing,"
position, previous state, etc.: rally, rise,
brace (used with "up"); see revive.
Antonyms: see decline.
recovery, n. 1. getting, regainment (rare),
retrieval, repossession, reoccupation; spec.
revindication (rare), recapture, replevin.
2. Referring to the act of the person or or-
ganism in getting better after sickness or
other evil: cure, recuperation, recruit, re-
cruital (rare), recruitment (rare), rally;
spec, convalescence; see revival.
Antonyms: see decline.
3. Referring to the action of something ex-
terior bringing a person into a better state
after sickness or evil: restoration, revival.
4. See REVIVAL, retrieval, correction,
RECLAMATION.
re-create (pron. re-kre-at'), v. t. create
(contextual), new-form, new-create, new-
make, renew.
RECORDER
log; see rectangular, a. orthogonal (tech.), rec-
tangulate (rare), normal (rare); spec.
square.
recur, v. i. 1. return, reappear; spec, repul-
lulate (rare); see repeat.
2. See revert.
recurrence, n. 1. return, reappearance,
crebrity (rare); spec, frequence, repullula-
tion (rare), atavism; see repetition.
2. See REVERSION.
appearing; spec, frecjuent, cyclic, haunt-
ing, rollmg, atavistic, repetitory, inter-
mittent, periodical.
red, a. 1. Spec, reddish, reddy (rare), ru-
bric (archaic), incarmined (rare), rufous,
ferruginous, rufescent, glowing, burning,
bloody, sanguineous (literary equiv. of
"bloody"), gory, pink, pinkish, piruij', car-
dinal, miniate (rare), miniatous, miniace-
ous (rare), copperish, coppery, incarna-
dine (literary), laky, foxy, coral, coralline,
vinaceous, carroty, roseate, rosal (rare),
rosy^ ruby, rubied, rubious (rare), sandy,
puniceous (rare), bricky, auroral, lateri-
tious (rare); see crimson.
2. Referring to complexion: spec, florid,
blowsy or blousy, blowzed, ruddy, rubi-
cund (rare; theatrical or rhetorical), frowsy,
hectic, blushing, blushful (rare); see red-
paced, FLUSHED.
Antonyms: see pale.
8. Referring to animals: spec, tawny,
chestnut, bay, sorrel.
4. See BLOODY, BLOODSHOT, ANARCHISTIC,
FIERY, VIOLENT.
red, n. Spec, scarlet, cherry, cerise, kermes,
garnet, grenat (French), stammel (obs.),
sanguine, hectic, chaudron (French),
terra^cotta, carmine, crimson, cramoisy
(archaic), vermiUon, vermeil (rare), dam-
ask, cochineal, sericon, orchil, magenta,
gules (tech. or poetic), pompadour, pon-
ceau (French), gridelin, coqueUcot, red-
dle, etc.
redden, v. t. 1. rubify (rare); spec, fire,
ruddy, ruby, empurple, inflame, vermil-
ion, rubricate or (rare) rubric, rouge, rose,
crimson, encrimson (rare), coral (rare), in-
carnadine (literary) rosy (rare) , flush (rare)
2. Referring to the complexion: flush.

CP= Cross references: see Note. recreation: refreshment, diver- rectitude: uprightness, correct-
recount: compute. sion. ness.
recount: narrate, mention. recreative: refreshing, divert- rector: minister.
recounting: account, mention. ing. rectory: parsonage.
recoup: deduct, pay, compen- recriminate, v. i.: answer. recumbency: inclination.
sate, retrieve. recriminate, v. t.:accuse. recumbent: inclining, pros-
recourse; application. recruit, v. t.: strengthen, renew, trate.
recreancy: cowardice, deser- refresh, enlist. recuperate, v. i.: recover.
tion, treachery, apostasy. recruit, v. i.: recover. recuperate, v. t.: restore, renew.
recreant, a.: cowardly, treach- recrultal: recovery. recuperative: curative.
erous, apostate. reotlfloatory: corrective. recusance: disobedience.
recreant, n.: coward, deserter, rectify: correct, reform, redress, recusant, a.: disobedient.
apostate. purify. recusant, n.: dissenter, heretic.
recreate, v, t.: refresh, divert. rectilinear: redact: edit.

m-i : Notes of Explanation.

348
 REFLECT
redden, v. i. 1,The words under "redden," refer, v. 1. 1. See attribute.
V. t.,l, are largely used as v. i. 2. In the sense of "to place among others of
2. Referring to the complexion: flush; see itskind": assign {with "to").
BLUSH. 8. commit, leave, submit, relegate; spec.
reddening, o. rubescent, erubescent {rare), send, recommit, remit, relate.
flushing. 4. send {contextual), direct.
red-faced, a. red (contextual), florid, rud- refer, v. i. 1. See relate, appeal.
dy, rubicund {theatrical or rhetorical), 2. allude, advert, glance, touch, point,
ruddy-faced, frowsy; see flushed. squint {coUoq.).
Antonyms: see pale. reference, n. 1. See attribute, rei^tion.
redness, n. 1. ruddiness, rubor {tech.), 2. commitment, committal, relegation,
rubescence, rufescence {rare), rud {ar- recommission, submission, remission; spec,
chaic); spec, rosiness, etc. remit {rare), relation.
2. Of the complexion: flush; spec, rash, heat. 3. allusion, advertence, glance.
redress, n. rectification, redressment 4. mark; spec, asterism, asterisk, paral-
{rare), amendment, righting, correction, lel, dagger, obelisk.
satisfaction, remedy, repair, relief, repa- referential, a. 1. allusive; spec, flducial
ration. {tech.).
redress, v. t. Referring to the setting right ofSee relative.
2.
what is right, amend,
wrong: remedy, refine, v. t. 1. See purify, clear.
rectify, correct, repair, relieve. 2. cultivate, polish, subtiUze {rare or
Antonyms: see aggravate. spec.), bolt {fig.), decrassify {rare); spec.
reduce, v. t. Spec, diminish, shorten, ab- spirituaUze, humanize; see civilize,
breviatej contract, comminute, grind, con- idealize, purify, elevate.
vert, bring, commit, decompose, dilute, Antonyms: see brutalize.
.smelt, subdue, capture, compel, cut. refine, v. i. hair-spUt, wiredraw, subtilize
reed, n. 1. The plant: spec, rush, flag, bent. {rare or spec).
2. As part of a musical instrument: spec. refined, a. 1. iSee fine.
tongue. 2. cultured, cultivated, polished, polite
reedllke, a. reedy, reeden (rare), arimdi- {in certain collocations only), fine, Attic
naceous {tech.), calamiform (rare); spec. {learned), nice, delicate, elegant; spec.
flaggy, rushy. ethereal, courtly, unrude {rare), overre-
reedy, a. 1. calamiferous {rare); spec. fined, elevated, ladylike, gentlemanly,
flaggy, rushy. high-minded, well-bred, spiritual, accom-
2. See REEDLIEE, COABSE. phshed.
reef, n. ledge, kev or {Eng.) cay {chiefly Antonyms: see vulgar, unpolished,
spec.), scar {Brit!); see headland. UNBEPINED, COARSE, BOORISH, CRUDE,
reef,v. t. shorten {sail). GROSS, ROWDYISH, VILE.
reestablish, v. t. establish, resettle, re- refinement, n. 1. See nicety, accomplish-
Elace, restore; spec, replant, refound, re- ment, SUBTLETY.
abilitate, redintegrate {rare), reinstate, 2. culture, cultivation, polish, polished-
revest, reinstall, reinthrone, renew, regen- ness {rare), refinedness {rare), politeness
erate, revive, revivify, remonetize; see {rare), delicacy, nicety, niceness, ele-
RECOVER. gance; spec, courtliness, ethereality,
refashion, v. t. Spec, reshape, recast, re- overrefinement, elevation, spirituaUty.
form, new-cast, new-mold, new-form, 3. hair-splitting, subtilization {learned),
remold, remodel, reframe, recompose, micrology {rar^.
rearrange, reconstruct, reforge (fig.), Antonyms: see coarse, boorish, etc.
regenerate, revolutionize. reflect, v. t. 1. See turn, bring, curve.
refashionment, n. Spec, reshaping, re- 2. return, reverberate, flash; spec, mir-
cast, reconstruction, rifacimento (Italian), ror, glass, image; see echo.
new-modeling, etc. Antonyms: see absorb.

t^" Cross references', see Note. redound: contribute, accrue. reel, v. i. & n.: whirl, stagger,
redeem: buy, free, redairrti redundance: excess, pleonasm. sway, totter.
compensate, expiate. redundant: excessive, pleonas- reel, v. t.: loind, unwind.
redeliver: rettore. tic. reinforce: strengthen.
redemption: buyiTig, freeing^ reduplicate: double, repeat. reeve: thread.
compensation, expiation. reScho: echo, repeat. refection: refreshment, enter'
redintegrate: renew. reek, n.: smoke, vapor, exhala- tainment, meal. i

redolence: smell. tion. referable: attributable.

redolent: odoroxta. reek, smoke, smell.
v. i.: referee: arbitrator.
redouble: double. reek,v. t.: smoke, exhale. referendary: adviser, judge.
redoubt: fortification. reeky: smoky, vaporous, referrible: attributable.
Tedoub table: formidable. reel, n.: spool. reflect, v. i.: consider.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

349
 REFLECTED
reflected, a. reflex, deral or folderol (rare), lullaby, faburden
reflexed, reflective
{rare), borrowed; (hist.), lillibuUero, ritornello or ritornel.
spec, introverted, in-
trorse. refresh, v. t. 1. see freshen.
reflection, n. 1. Referring to the action: re- 2. freshen, invigorate, reinvigorate, re-
turn, reverberation, reflex. create, renew, renovate, recruit, revive,
Antonyms: see absorption. revivify, refreshen (rare), refociUate
2. Referring to the image formed by reflec- (rare), regale; spec, rejoice (rare), recom-
tion: reflex, shadow, idol (literary), image, fort (rare), refect (chiefly reflexive),
glade (chiefly in "moonglade"), specter breathe, slake; see divert.
(rare); see echo. Antonyms: see tire, exhaust.
3. See CONSIDERATION, BLAME, DISPAR- refreshing, a. recreative, invigorating;
AGEMENT, THINKING. spec, restful, refective (rare).
reflector, n. reverberator; spec, mirror, Antonyms: see vstearisome.
speculum, lieberktihn (German). refreshment, n. 1. reinvigoration, revival,
reflow, V. t. flow (contextual), ebb (spec, or recreation, renewal, renovation, recre-
Jig.)- ance (rare), refection (spec, or fig.), re-
reflux, n. flow (contextval) , reflow, reflu- galement, regale (rare), refocUlation
ence, ebb (spec, or fig.); spec, backwater; (rare); spec, relaxation, diversion.
see OUTGO. 2. Chiefly in pi.: provisions (pi.), bait;
reform, n. progress (contextiud) ; spec. spec, charity, bever (Eng.).
amendment, reconstruction. refuge, n. 1. Referring to the fact or state:
re-form, v. t. 1. remake, renew, reproduce, see shelter.
reconstitute, reconstruct, regenerate; see 2. Ofthe place: retreat, shelter, haven,
REBUILD. harbor; spec, asylum, sanctuary, grith
2. See REFASHION. (hist.), hiding (rare), bield (Scot.), strong-
re-form, v. i. Spec, regrow, regenerate. hold, resort (contextval), dernier ressort
reform, v. 1. 1. See amend, correct, abol- (French; literary or spec), den, earth.
ish. refurnish, V. t. furnish, refit, reequip.
2. Referring to the correction of had habits: refusal, n. 1. See rejection.
amend, mend (archaic), reclaim, rectify, 2. declination, nonacceptance, declen-
regenerate. sion; spec, regret (chiefly in pi.).
Antonyms: see corrupt. Antonyms: see acceptance.
reform, v. i. progress; spec, amend, regen- 3. denial, debarment, disallowance, nay,
erate. no, nay-say (rare or Scot.).
reformable, a. amendable, corrigible. refuse, v. i. 1. decline.
reformation, n. 1. Spec, amendment, cor- Antonyms: see obey.
rection, abolition. 2. balk.
2. amendment, reclamation, renege (now U. S. or local Eng.), nig
recovery, re- 3.
generation. (slang), revoke, renounce (now rare).
re-formation, n. remaking, renewal, re- refuse, v. t. 1. See reject.
production, reconstitution, reconstruc- 2; With the infinitival "to": decline.
tion, regeneration. 3. With the thing refused as object or the
reformative, a. reformatory, reforma- double objective of thing refused and the per-
tional; spec, progressive. son: deny, debar, disallow.
Antonyms: see corruptive. Antonyms: see offer, attribute.
reformed, a. regenerate. refuse, o. rubbishy, recrementitious, quis-
reformer, a. reformist, reformado (rare); quilious (rare); spec, trashy, discarded,
spec, come-outer
(slang, U. S.), progres- useless, worthless, waste, dreggy, drossy.
sive, progressist (rare). refuse, n. rubbish, recrement (rare), re-
refractory, o. 1. See intractable, obsti- jectamenta (pi.; learned or rare), trash,
nate. lumber, garbage, offal (tech.; chiefly spec),
2. Of objects: obstinate, intractable, in- offscouring, outcast (rare); spec, brash,
coercible; spec, unworkable, infusible dross, dregs, crumble, chaff, breeze,
(rare),unmeltable. sweepings (pi.), pomace, rough (chiefly in
Antonyms: see ductiblb. fusible. pL), dunder, discard, tare, rummage,
retrain, n. repetend (rare), burden, bob, gurry (chiefly U. S.), culls (pi.; cant),
overword (Scot.); spec, tag, chorus, fal- rape, burr.
^^ Cross re^rences: see Note. reframe: refashion. refutation: disproof.
reflex, n.; reflection. refrigerant: cooling. refute: disprove.
reforge: refashion. refrigerate: cool. regain: recover.
refound, v. t: reSBiabliBh. reft: cleft. regal: noble, kingly, imposing.
refract: turn. refulgent: luminous. regale: feast, entertain, refresh.
refrain: abstain. refund: repay. regard, n.: particular, atten-

tS° See Notes of Explanation.

3S0
 RELAPSE
regenerate, v. 1. 1. See convert, eb-form, See rule.
2.
REfiSTABLISH. rein, n. 1. band, lines (pi.), strings (pL;
2. In the spiritual sense: reaovate, renew, slang), ribbons (pi.; colloq. or slang).
resurrect, resuscitate (rare); see reform, 2. See control, restraint.
REESTABLISH. reject, v. t. 1. discard, disallow, deny, re-
regenerate, o. regenerated, new-born pugn (rare); spec, dismiss, cashier (fig.),
(fig.), reborn. disapprove, recose, explode (now chiefiy
regeneration, n. 1. See conversion, be- used in the p. p.), cast, scout, negative
PORMATION. (chiefiy U. S.), repudiate, pluck, veto,
2. In the spiritual sense: renovation, re- respue (rare), plow (Univ. slang, Eng.);
newal, palingenesy or palingenesis pal- m see ABJURE, disbelieve.
ingenesia (literary or. learned), resuscita- Antonyms: see entertain.
tion (rare); see reformation. 2. Implying the refusal to accept some-
. Antonyms: degeneration.
see thing offered: refuse, decline, spurn, repel;
regret, v. t. 1. With the implication of men- spec, jut, check.
tal distress over something lost or some evil: Antonyms: see accept, beg, choose, re-
see MOURN. ceive.
2. With the implication of mental distress rejected, a. discarded, cast-oS.
over one's own acts that one would now have rejection, n. 1. Spec, disallowance, denial,
undone: repent, rue. discard, dismissal, cashierment, repudia-
regret, v. i. 1. See moitrn. tion, pluck, veto, reprobation, disbelief,
2. repent, rue. disapproval.
regret, n. 1. Referring to the feeling of one Antonyms: see acceptance.
who mourns: see sorrow. 2. refusal, declination, declension, spurn-
2. Referring to the feeling of one who re- ing, repulse.
pents his own acts: repentance, penitency Antonyms: see choice, acceptance.
(rare), remorse, contrition, compunction, rejoice, v. i. exult, triumph, vaunt, insult
ruth (archaic), rue (archaic), resipiscence (archaic), gloat, crow (coUoq.), joy, ju-
(rare), worm
(fig.). bilate.
regretful, a. 1. See moxtrnpttl. Antonyms: see sorrow, mourn, com-
2. repentant, penitent, remorseful, com- plain, CRT, WAIL.
punctious, compunct (ohs.), contrite, con- rejoicing, n. rejoicement (rare), exulta-
science-stricken, penitential (rare), sorry, tion, exultance, exultancy, elation, joy,
rueful (often spec?). triumphing, vaunting, jubilance, jubila-
Antonyms: see impenitent. tion, jubilee, gratulation (rare).
regular, a. Spec, systematical, systematic, Antonyms: see lamentation, mourning,
symmetrical, even, methodical, constant, SORROW.
habitual, normal, correct, ordinary, quali- rejoicing, o. gratulant (rare), exultant.
fied, orderly. Antonyms: see sorrowful.
Antonyms: see irrbgitlar. rekindle, v. t. kindle (contextual), relight,
regularize, v. t. normalize, standardize; reinflame, reignite, reillume (rare), re-
spec, grammaticize. lume (literary), relumine (rare).
regulate, v. t. shape, settle; spec, time, rekindle, v. i. kindle (contextual), reflame.
police, throttle; see control, adjust, relapse, v. i. regress, backslide, slide (rare),
MANAGE. fall, revert, weaken, recidivate (chiefiy
regulation, n. 1. shaping, settlement; spec); see apostatize.
spec, police; see control, management. relapse, n. regress, regression, fall, rever-

ts" Cross refereiices: see Note. regiment, v. t.: organize. rehearse: recite, narrate, men-
tion, care, notice, consideratiffn, region: place, territory. tion, practice, train.
deference, esteem, affection, (in regional: local. reign, n.: control, rule, preva-
pi.) respect. register, n.: list, record, com- lence.
regard, v. t.: notice, consider, pass. reign, v. i.: rule, control, pre-
esteem. register, v. t.: list, record, ad- vail.
regardful: attentive, careful, just. reimburse: pay.
deferential. registrar: recorder. rein, v. t.: check, guide, control.
regarding: about. regnant: controlling, preoa- reinforce: strengttien.
regardless: careless. lent, ruling. reins: kidney, loin.
regatta: race. regress, n.: return, recession. reinstate: reestablish, replace.
regency: government. regress, v. i.: recede. reinvest: clothe, endow.
regenerate: reform, re-form. regression: return, recession. reinvigorate: refresh.
regent, a.: controlling, ruling. regressive: recessive, retroactive. reiterate: repeat.
regent, n.: ruler. regurgitate: pour. reive: plunder.
rSglme: system. reliabilitate: restore, reSstahlish. rejoice, v. t,; gladden.
regiment: government, system, rehash, Tt.: paraphrase. rejoin, v. t. & i.: answer,
diet. rehearsal: recitation, account, rejoin, v. t.: reunite.
regiment, n.: group. mention, practice. rejoinder: answer.

tS^ See Notes ol Explanation.

351
 , .

RELATE
sion, throwback, recidivation (chiefly unbrace (literary or spec), unstrain (rare),
spec.); backsliding; see apostasy. unstring (Jig. or spec); spec, unbend, un-
relate, v. t. 1. See narrate, mention. thread (rare)
2. connect, correlate, interrelate; spec. Antonyms: see tighten.
apply. 2. Of immaterial things, as effort, attention,
relate, v. i. refer, pertain, appertain (chief- severity, loosen, milden, slacken,
etc:
ly tech.), belong (archaic), bear (used with slack, diminish; spec, .mitigate, dispense
"on"). (rare);see abate, soften.
related, a. 1. Referring to things: con- Antonyms: see increase, intensibt.
nected, correlative, correlated, collateral, relas, v. i. I. loosen, slacken.
cognate, connate (rare), allied, congener- 2. loosen, unbend, slack, slacken, milden;
ous (karned), congenial (rare), connatural spec, soften; see abate.
(literary); spec, conjugate, akin, affinitive, Antonyms: see increase, intensify.
paronymous. relaxation, n. 1. loosening, unbracing,
Antonyms: see ttnrelatbd, uncon- etc.; spec resolution (rare), taxation
nected. (rare), diastole.
2. Beferring to persons: akin, allied (rare 2. loosening, slackening, etc., diminution,
or spec), sib (archaic and chiefly Scot.), unbending; see softening.
consanguineous or (chiefly tech.) consan- 3. iSee diversion.
guine, consanguinean (rare), cognate (of- relaxed, a. loosened, slackened, lax; see
ten spec), agnate (ofisn spec); spec, af- limp.
german (predicative).
final, relay, n. shift, squad, relief; spec, dawk
Antonyms: see unrelated. (Anglo-Indian), translator (rare).
relation, n. 1. See narration, account, relent, v. i. yield, soften, bend.
mention. relentless, a. unyielding, obdurate, stem,
2. apposition, connection, relationship, unrelenting, remorseless, unappeasable;
bearing, respect (in "in this respect," "in seeuncompassionate, unfeeling.
one respect," etc.); spec, relevancy or (rare) Antonyms: see merciful, compassion-
relevance, pertinency or (rare) pertinence, ate.
alliance, reference, rapport, interrelation, reliable, a. dependable, trustworthy, sure,
interconnection, bearing, correlation, af- certain, authentic (rare), secure, safe, un-
finity, concern or (rare) concernment, failing; see constant, solvent.
business, respect, propinquity, privity, Antonyms: see unreliable, untrust-
contingency (rare or Scot.), proportion. worthy.
S. relationship, kinship, kinsmanship reliance, n. 1. dependence, recumbency;
(rare), kin, blood, connection (chiefly see TRUST.
spec), consanguinity, cognation (now Antonyms: see distrust.
chiefly spec), agnation (now chiefly spec), 2. See support.
cousinship (spec, exc as loosely used), sib reliant, u.. defendant, recumbent; see
(rare), alUance, sibness (obs. or Scot.), in- TRUSTFUL.
terrelationship; spec affinity, nearness. Antonyms: see distrustful.
4. See RELATIVE. relic, n. remain; spec, halidom (archaic),
relative, a. referential, pertinent, apper- survival, antiquity; see reminder, re-
taining (chiefly tech.), apposite (used mains.
with "to"), relevant, germane (liter- relief, n. 1. projection, relievo, alto-relievo
ary or formal), connective, material, pro- or (Italian) alto-rilievo, mezzo-relievo or
portional, correspondent; see compara- (Italian) mezzo-rilievo, half-reUef, bas-
tive. relief or (less usual) basso-relievo or (Ital-
Antonyms: see irrelevant. ian) basso-rilievo.
relative, n. relation, kinsman, kinswoman 2. composition; spec embossment, bas-
connection (chiefly spec.)
(chiefly literary), relief, high rehef etc ,

cognate (chiefly spec), agnate (chiefly 3. See distinctness, vividness.

spec), belonging (contextvMj friend (ordy relief, a. raised; spec, repouss^e, embossed.
,

in ph.; rare or obs.), cousin (obs., archaic, relief, n. I. See aid, freeing, mitigation,
or familiar; spec, exc as loosely used); redress.
spec, collateral, affine, father, -blood (a 2. Referring to the mind, feelings, etc:
collective), mother, brother, sister, niece, easement (the act), ease, lightening, re-
etc; see kin. laxation see diversion, comfort, rest.
;

relax, v. t. 1. In a physical sense: loosen, Antonyms: see distress.

1^" Cross references; see Note. release, n.: freeing, loosing, re- relevancy: relation.
release, v. I.: free, loose, relin- linquishment. relevant: Telaiive.
quish. relegate: expd, refer. reliability: constancy.

t^' See Notes of Explanation.

352
 REMOVAL
8. Referring to one on duty: rest, respite, remains, n. pi. relics, reUcts, remain (sing.;
release; spec, spell. rare), reliquiae (learned or tech.); spec, dis-
relieve, v. t. 1. See AID, free, mitigate, jecta membra (Latin), bones, fossil,
DEPRIVE, REDREBS. ashes; see bodt.
S. Referring to the mind, spirits, or feel- remedy, n. 1. cure, help, boot (archaic);
ings: ease, respite, lighten, relax; see spec, specific, elixir, nostrum, treacle (now
COMFORT, REST. rare or fig.), vulnerary; see panacea, an-
Antonyms: see distress. tidote.
8. Referring to one on dviy, as on guard, at Antonyms: see disease.
work, etc.: rest, release, free, respite, spell 2. See REDRESS.
{now U. S.), relay. remember, v. t. 1. recollect, recall, mind
religion, n. piety (literary); spec, theism, (archaic or dial.), bethink (obs., exc. with
henotheism, egotheism, polytheism, pan- a clause or reflexive), think, retain, treas-
theism, monotheism, etc. ure, keep, have.
relielous, a. 1. devout, pious, godly, solemn, Antonyms: see forget, omit.
reUgionary (rare), righteous, good (chiefly 2. See MENTION.
contextual; often more or less sarcastic); remembrance, n. 1. recollection, recall,
spec, pietistic, devotional, God-fearing, memory, retention, mind, rememoration
holy, heavenly-minded, other-worldly, (rare), reminiscence.
prayerful, divine. 2. See MEMORY, MENTION, REMINDER.
2. See conscientious. remind, v. t. prompt, mind (rare), remem-
Antonyms: see irreligious. ber (archaic), jog.
religious, n. rehgieuse (French; fern, or reminder, n. 1. Referring to persons: mon-
masc), reUgieux (French; masc); spec. itor, prompter, remembrancer (chiefly
cenobite, anchoret, hospitaler, Culidee spec.), flapper (so used in ridicule, after
(Scotch-Irish). Swift).
relinquish, v. t. abandon, surrender, yield, 2. Referring to things: memento, re-
concede, cede, resign, renounce, dehver, membrance^ remembrancer; spec, memo-
waive, release; spec, demit, disgorge, re- souvenir, keepsake, relic, rehct (rare),
rial,
gorge; see abdicate. trophy.
Antonyms: see keep. 8. Referring to the action of one who re-
relinquishment, n. abandonment, sur- minds: prompt (chiefly theairical cant), \og.
render, yielding, concession, cession, res- removal, n. 1. remotion (rare), transfer,
ignation, renunciation, delivery, waiving, shift, change, estrangement (archaic or
waiver (tech.), release; spec, demission, rare), sequestration, deportation (rare,
regorgement (rare), abdication. exc, spec.), remove (rare, exc. spec), re-
rely, V. i. depend, rest, count, reckon, movement (rare); spec, dislodgment,
build, bank, found, trust (used mth "to"), extraction, eloignment, abstraction, sub-
calculate; spec. lean. lation (rore); see withdrawal, ejection,
remainder, n. surplus, residue, rest (sing, DISPLACEMENT.
or a collective pi.), residuum, residual Antonyms: see insertion.
(rare), others (pi.; contextual), leavings 2. Spec, elimination, dearance, deter-
(pi.), remain (rare), relict (rare), remanet gency (rare), purging, discharge, retrench-
(rare), remanence (rare), balance (com- ment, draft, dispelling, dislodgment,
mercial slang); spec, remnant, surplusage, expulsion, dispossession, excision, ef-
rump, dreg, caput mortuum (literary and facement, etc.
fig.), tally, difference, shadow, fossil. 8. Spec, devestment, retrenchment, aboli-
remaining, a. surplus, residual, residuary, tion; see deduction.
behind, residuous (rare), remanent (rare), 4. See disposition, discharge, defab-
odd. TURE.
1^" Cross references: see Note. remand: consign. remissive: forgiving. [sign.
Tellquary: casket. remark, v. t: notice, comment. remit: excuse, forgo, abate, eon-
rellsn, n.: taaU, liking, fiamr- remark, v. i.: comment. remittal: forgoing, excuse.
ing, enjoyment remark, n,: notice, comment. remittent: intermittent.
religb, t>. t.: enjoy, like. remarkable: notable, extraor- remnant: remainder,
reUsh, v. t.; Uute, savor. dinary. remodel: refashion.
rellshable: palatable. remedial: reparative, curative. remold: refashion.
leluct: I. «.: object. remediless: incuroMe. remonstrance: objection.
reluctance, reluotanoy: dta- remedy, v. t.: cure, redress, cor- remonstrate: object,
inclination. rect. remorse: regret.
reluctant: unwiUing. remembrance: reminder. remorseful: regretful,
relume: rekindle, light. remiss: negligent, weak. remorseless: relentless.
remain, o. t.: stay, continue, be. remission: excuse, forgoing, remote: distant, unrelated, ae-
remain, n.; relic, remains. diminution; cf. abate (for duded, smaU.
remake: reform. abatement). remotest: extreme.

l^'See Notes ot Explanation.

35?
 REMOVE
remove, v. i. I. Referring to the direct phys- furbish (Jig.), refurbish (fig.); spec, reju-
ical moving of an object from one place to venate, recruit, replenish, recuperate,
another: move, transfer, shift, take (chief- resurrect; «ee reestablish, renovate,
ly used with "from," "away," etc., and often REGENERATE, REFRESH, RE-CREATE, RE-
esp. contrasted with "bring"), change (con- FORM, REPAIR.
textiud); spec, draw, abstract, estrange Antonyms: see consume.
(somewhat archaic), sequester, deport, dis- 2. recommence, resume, reopen, continue.
lodge, extract, eloign (legal, reflexive, or 3. See REPEAT, FRESHEN.
obsolescent), quit (rare), sublate (rare), renew, v. i. 1. recrudesce, return, regrow,
unship, wipe (chiefly used with "away," reappear; spec, re-form, regenerate.
"off," etc.), bear, wash (chiefly used with Antonyms: see decay.
"away," "off," etc.); see move, extract, 2. See BEGIN.
ABSTRACT, WITHDRAW, EJECT, UPROOT, renewal, n. 1. restoration, refreshment,
DISPLACE. reparation, revival, repair, repairment
2. In physical senses in which the sense of (rare), renovation, redintegration, con-
actual direct bodily transferal is not dis- tinuation, resuscitation (rare); spec, re-
tinctly or immediately present: spec, elim- juvenation; see RENOVATION, REGENERA-
inate, clear (chiefly used with "away," TION, REFRESHMENT, RE-FORMATION, RE-
"off," etc.), deterge, purge, leach (used PAIR.
with "out," "away," etc.), dislodge, rid Antonyms: see decay.
(rare), discharge, scour (chiefly used with 2. recommencement, resumption, con-
"away," "off," etc.), dress, draft, raze; tinuation, continuance.
see DISPEL, EXPEL, DISPOSSESS, EXCISE, 3. recrudescence, return, regrowth, re-
EFFACE, ASSASSINATE. appearance, renascence; see rb-forma-
3. doff (literary), cast, douse (colloq.); TION.
spec, slip (wiih "off"). Antonyms: see decay.
Antonyms: seeroN. See repetition, beginning.
4.
4. In a nonphysical sense: spec, divest or renovate, v. t. 1. renew, furbish (orig.
devest (rare), retrench, fordo (archaic); spec), refurbish (orig. spec), revamp, re-
see ABOLISH, EXTINGUISH, DEDUCT. coct (rare), retouch; see repair.
5. See RETIRE, DEPOSE, DISCHARGE. 2. See REFRESH, REGENERATE.
rend, v. t. 1. As used with "away," "off," renovation, n. 1. renewal, furbishment
"up," etc.: see tear. (rare), refurbishment, recoction (rare),
2. As implying a tearing to pieces: tear, revamping; see repair.
lacerate, dilacerate (literary; an inten- 2. See refreshment, regeneration.
sive), disrupt, dismember, dispiece (rare), rent, n. return, render, payment, rental,
discorp (rare), divellicate (rare); spec. rentage (rare); spec, quitrent, fee-farm,
divide, break, burst, shatter, split, chew mail (obs. or Scot.), canon, gale (Eng.),
(used with "up," "to pieces," etc.). gavel (hist.), rackrent, stallage; see hire.
3. See DESTROY. repair, v. t. 1. restore, renew, renovate,
rendezvous, n. 1. tryst (literary; chiefly mend, botch (now spec); spec, tinker,
spec); see resort. patch, piece, doctor (colloq.), cobble or
2. See meeting. (dial. Eng.) clobber, vamp, clout, bushel,
rending, n. 1. See division, breaking, darn, finedraw, seat, toe, heel, half-sole,
bursting. tap.
2. divulsion (literary), dilaceration (Jiiter- 2. See RENEW, correct, REDRESS.
ary), disruption, dismemberment, dis- repair, n. 1. Referring to the act: renewal,
cerption (rare), diveUication (rare). restoration, renovation, mend (rare),
renegade, a. tergiversant (rare), apostate, mending, reparation (rare).
changeling (archaic). 2. Referring to the place mended: mend;
renew, v. t. 1. restore, refresh, repair, spec, patch, tinker (rare), darn, bushel,
reintegrate, revive, resuscitate (rare). vamp.
fW Cross references: see Note. rencounter, v.: meet. disclaim.
remoTft, v. i.: move, depart. rend, v. t.: divide, break, burst, renown: fame.
remove, n.: removal, distance, split, tear, disunite, renovmed: famous.
degree. render, n.: payment. rent, v. i.: let.
remunerate: pay. rendezvous, v. i.: meet. rent, n.: tear, cleft, breach.
remuneration: payment, pay. rendition: surrender, transla- rent, a.: torn, broken.
remunerative: paying, profit- tion, acting. renunciation: relinquishment,
able. renegade: deserter, apostate, disclaimer, self-denial; also cf.
renaissance: revival. traitor. ABANDON (ioT abandonment).
renascence: revival. renegade, v. i.: desert, aposta- reopen: open, renew.
rencounter, n.: contest, duel, tize. repair, n.: resort.
meeting. renounce: relinquish, abandon. repair, v, i.: go.

J^ See Notes ol Explanation.

354
 REPRESENTATIVE
S. See RENEWAL, CORRECTION, REDRESS, repetitional, reduplicative, reduplicatory
RESTORATION. (rare), reiterant (chiefly spec), recurrent;
reparative, a. amendatory, satisfactive, spec, (in rhetoric) tautological, tautolo-
corrective, reformatory, remedial. gous.
repay, v. t. 1. return (contextual), refund, replace, v. t. I. restore (contextual), reim-
reimburse, restore, retaliate (rare), retrib- place (rare), return, reduce (obs., exc.
ute (rare). spec), replant, reimplant (rare), reset;
2. See PAT, COMPENSATE, REWARD, RE- spec reinstate, reseat, reinstall, relay, re-
TRIBUTE. mount; see reestablish.
repeat, v. t. t. reiterate, recapitulate, iter- Antonyms: see displace.
ate (now rare, exc. spec); spec, rote, din, 2. displace, supersede, supplant; spec.
echo, re6cho, cuckoo, ingeminate (rare), novate.
battologize (rare), reword, retell, remur- replacement, n. 1. restoration, reimplan-
mur; see recite, paraphrase. tation (rare), return, reinstatement, rein-
2. reduplicate, redouble, renew, dupli- stallment, reposition (chiefly spec); spec
cate; see DOUBLE, PRACTICE. reduction (obs., exc. spec).
3. See NARRATE. Antonyms: see displacement.
repeat, v. i. 1. tautologize (learned). 2. displacement, supersedure, superses-
2. recur; spec, circulate (referring to frac- sion (rare), replacing, supplantation; spec
tions, etc.). novation.
repel, v. repulse, rebuff, ward, rebut,
t. 1. report, n. 1. In the generic sense, as in "if
fence, fend, defend, repercuss. we may trust report," and without any pi.:
2. See REJECT. rumor, talk, hearsay, bruit (rare); see
3. In the sense of to cause aversion in: re- gossip.
pugn (rare); spec, disgust; see frighten. 2. In a concrete sense, with the article "a"
Antonyms: attract,
see fascinate, or "an" and having a pi., as in "a false re-
CAPTIVATE, entice. port of you came to us": rumor, bruit
repellent, a. 1. repellant (rare), repulsing, (literary), news (construed both as a pi. and
repercussive. as sing.), talk (rare); spec, canard, mis-
Antonyms: seeattractive. report, cry (now archaic or rare), hearsay
2. uninviting, repugnant, horrid, repul- (rare).
sive, repellant (rare); spec, grim or (ar- 3. statement (contextual); S'pec delation,
chaic) grimly, forbidding, harsh, chiUing, return (tech.), bulletin, cahier (French),
gaunt, stern, unsightly, ugly, cold, frigid, record.
stiff, freezing, abhorrent; see disgusting 4. See ACCOUNT, noise, explosion.
.

Antonyms: see captivating, enticing, report, v. t. 1. See narrate.

ingratiating, attractive. 2. rumor, noise, bruit (literary), fame,
repetition, n. 1. repeat (rare), reiterance cry (rare); spec circulate.
(rare), iterance (rare), iteration; spec, re- 3. state, teU; spec, delate, repeat, take
capitulation, reecho, echo, ingemination (cant), return.
(rare), encore, dilogy (rare), tautology, report, v. i. return (chiefly law).
battology, alliteration, place, symploce, repository, n. repositary (rare), repertory,
palilogy; see practice. repertorium (rare), treasury, salvatory
2. B^erring to repeated words or expres- (rare); spec sacristy, museum, shed; see
sions:,spec, tautology, dUogy (rore), dit- RECEPTACLE, STOREHOUSE, WAREHOUSE.
togram, dittograph, jingle. reprehensible, a. reprehendable (rare),
8. renewal, iteration (Literary), iterance censurable, blamable, blameworthy,
(rar^, recurrence, duplication, condupli- culpable, reprovable, condemnable, il-
cation (literary), reduplication; see fre- laudable, uncommendable (rare).
quency, practice. Antonyms: see blameless.
4. See narration. representative, n. 1. agent (contextual);
repetitive, a. repetitious, repetitionary. spec, delegate, deputy, depute (Scot),

K^" Cross references: see Note. repercussion: recoil. repose, V. t.: prostrate, rest,
reparation: renewal, correc- repine: fret, complain, long. put.
tion, redress. replant, v. t.: plant, transplant, repose, v. lie, rest.

repartee: answer. reSstablish. repose, n.: rest, peace, calm, in-

repass: cross. replenish: fill, renew. activity, ease.
repast: meal. replete: fvU, abounding. reposeful: calm.
repeal, v. t.: revoke. repletion: fuUness, aintndance. repossess; recover.
repeal, n.: revocation. replevin: recover. reprehend; reprove.
repent: regret. replevy: recover. reprehensive: censorioua.
repentance: regret. replica: duplicate. represent: act, depict, describe,
repentant: regretful. replication: answer. example, express, show, typify,
reperouss: repel. reply: answer, echo. symbolize.

m'i Notes of Explanation.

355
 REPRESS
deputation, commissioner, commission- Antonyms: see praise, approve, com-
aire, representant ixare), lieutenant, vicar, pliment.
substitute, locum-tenens, vice (rare), sec- 2. Inthe sense in which adverse criticism
ondary (rare), vicegerent, viceroy, under- is made on or about something: censure,
sheriff, tipstaff, burgess, commoner, con- dispraise (rare), mispraise (rare), incul-
gressman, congresswoman, senator, proc- pate (rare).
tor, legate. Antonyms: see praise, approve, com-
2. See EXAMPLE. pliment.
repress, v. t. 1. See restrain, stjppress. reproving, a. admonitory, reproachful.
2. suppress, silence, choke (chiefly used reptile, a. 1. See creeping, abject, ma-
with "down"), check, crucify, mortify, levolent, treachebotts.
deaden, smother, dull, stifle, retund 2. Spec, lacertian (referring to ordinary
(rare); see hide, choke. lizards, geckos, chameleons, etc.).
Antonyms: see advance. reptile, n. reptilian; spec, dragon, hydra;
repression, n. suppression, crucifixion, see snake, crocodilian.
mortification, deadening, check, smother- reputable, a. creditable; see honorable.
ing, etc. reputation, n. name, fame (usually in a
reprieve, v. t. &
n. respite. good sense), credit (esp. in a good sense),
reproach, v. t. 1. See reprove. repute, prestige, character, report (now
2. upbraid, taunt, tvrit. only with "good," after the Biblical usage);
reproof, n. 1. criticism, reprehension, rep- spec, memory; see fame.
rimand, censure, rebuke, reproach, chid- resemblance, n. 1. simulation, favoring,
ing (now becoming archaic), objurgation nearness; spec, assonance, alliteration,
(literary or rare), castigation, upbraiding, imitation, mimicry.
exprobation (rare), admonition, monition, Antonyms: see difference.
lecture, blame, blaming (the action only), 2. See similarity.
lesson (literary), correction, rating, dress- resemble, v. t. simulate; spec, favor (col-
ing (chiefly vsted with "down"; colloq. or loq.), facsimile (rare), copy, imitate,
slang), set-down (colloq.), jobation (liter- counterfeit, mimic, feature (a rare or dial,
ary and humoroits cquiv. of "lecture"), in- equiv. of "favor"), reproduce, foUow, echo,
crepation (rare), reproval (rare), monish- duplicate.
ment (archaic), trimming (slang), dir- resembling, a. 1. simulative, imitative,
dum (Scot), slap (colloq.); spec, snub, simular (rare), simulant (rare), mimick-
rate. ing.
Antonyms: see praise, compliment.2. See SIMILAR.
2. See CENSTIRB. resentment, n. displeasure, anger, um-
reprove, v. t. 1. In the sense referring to cen- brage, dudgeon, pique, heartburn, heart-
sure addressed to the person criticized: burning.
criticize, reprehend, reprimand, rebuke, Antonyms: see thankfulness.
censure, reproach, chide (now chiefly liter- reservation, n. 1. Spec, exception, appro-
ary, and becoming archaic), castigate priation.
(chiefly spec), objurgate, upbraid, blame, 2. Referring to a district or tract of land:
admonish, monish (archaic), lecture, les- reserve.
son (JMerary), correct, rate, dress (chiefly reserve, n. 1. military: redif (Turkish).
used vnth "down"; colloq. or slang), trim 2. See store, fund, constraint, self-
(slang); spec, snub (colloq.), slash. control, distance, reticence.

K^^ Cross references: see Note. reprovable; reprehensible. requisite; necessary.

reprieve, n.: deferment (for the republic: state. requisition, 71.; demand.
act), delay (for the time). repudiate; reject, disclaim, requisition, v. t: demand, im-
reprieve, v. t.: respite. divorce. press.
reprimand, v.t: reprove. repugnance; inconsistency, requital; return, pay, payment,
reprimand, n.: reproof. dislike, aversion. compensation, reward, retalia-
reprint; print. repugnant; inconsistent, offen^- tion.
reprisal; retaliation. sive, repellent, opposing. requite, v. t.: return, pay, com-
reproach, n.: reproof, discredit. repulse, v. t: repel, reject. pensate, reward, retaliate.
reproachful; reproving. repulse, n,: repulsion, rejec- rescind: revoke.
reprobaoy: rascality. tion. rescission: revocation.
reprobate, a.: abandoned, ra»- repulsive; repellent. rescript: decree, law.
caUy. repute, n.: reputation, fame. rescue: deliver, free, recover.
reprobate, n.; sinner, rascal. repute, v. t.: consider. research, v. t.: investigate.
reprobate, v. t: condemn, cen- request, n.: asking, demand. reseat; replace.
sure. request, v. t: ask. resent: dislike.
reprobation, n.; condemnor requiem: mass, dirge, chant. reserve, v. t.: keep, defer, appro-
tion, censure. require: ask, demand, need. priate.
reprobative; censorious. requirement; demand, neces- reserved: self-controlled, reti-
reproductive; generative. sary. cent, distant.

K^^ See Notes of Explanation.

356
 .

REST
S. Referring to land: reservation. gorous, lebellant (rare), thundering,
reservoir, n. receiver, receptacle; spec, booming, thunderous, remugient (rar^,
basin, tank, standpipe, v^raterback, lodge, reverberant; see ringing, nasal.
fountain, font, magazine, forebay. resort, n. 1. See expedient, application.
residence, n. 1. R^erring to the fad, or ac- 2. Referring to the act of going: going, re-
tion: abode (literary or archaic), dwelling, pair, recourse (obs. or rare)
habitation (literary or learned), habitancy 3. place (contexttml), retreat, haimt, ren-
(rare)^ inhabitation (rare, exc. wUh "of"), dezvous; spec, dive, harbor, nest, joint
inhabitancy. (slang), walk, soil, he, lounge, wallow;
2. sojourn (chiefly spec), sojoumment see refuge.
(rare), abidancy (rare); spec, commo- resort, See GO, apply.
v. i. 1.
rancy (rare), commoration (rare), stay, 2. In, thesense of "go hahUwiUy or often":
stop, tarrying (rare), tarriance (rare), rest repair, recourse (ohs. or rare).
(rare or spec), sfijour (French). S. In the sense of "carry one's action": go,
8. See DWELLING (the house which is the turn, proceed.
place of residence), abode (time or period resound, v. i. vibrate, peal (chiefly spec.),
of residence). thunder, boom, roar; spec, bump, roll;
resignation, n. 1. Spec, abandonment, see RING, ECHO.
relinquishment, abdication, consignment. resourceful, a. shifty (Eng.).
2. acquiescence, resigmnent, resigned- respect, v. t. 1. In the sense of "to have refer-
ness, philosophy, submission; spec, com- ence or relation to": regard, contemplate.
pUance. 2. Spec, venerate; see esteem.
resigned, a. acquiescent, reconciled, philo- 3. See consider, observe.
sophical, submissive; see compliant. respect, n. 1. See relation, particular,
Antonyms: see defiant. attention, consideration, politeness.
resin, n. rosin (chiefly spec); spec, pitch, 2. Spec, veneration; see esteem.
fat. 8. In pi.: as a term denoting a compli-
resinous, a. resined, resinous, rosiny, re- mentary messc^e of regard or esteem: re-
sinaceous (rare); spec, pitchy, fat. gards, commendations, greetings, devoirs,
resist, v. t. 1. In a physical sense: with- compliments, service (obs. or rare).
stand. respectable, a. Spec, honorable, present-
2. See OPPOSE. able; see estimable, proper, consider-
resist, V. i. In an immaterial sense: recal- able, FAIR.
citrate (rare), reluctate (rare). respected, a. Spec, venerable, esteemed.
resistance, n. 1. In a physical sense: with- respectful, a. reverent, reverential, defer-
standing, renitency (rare); spec, reluct- ential; see POLITE.
ance, reaction, load. Antonyms: see disrespectful, con-
2. See OPPOSITION. temptuous, IMPUDENT.
resistance, a. 1. In a physical sense: virith- responsive, respondent, lively, re-
a. 1.
standing, renitent (rare), resistive. sponsorial (rare);spec, appealable; see
2. See OPPOSING. EXCITABLE, SYMPATHETIC, SENSITIVE.
resonance, n. Spec, roar, boom, clang, Antonyms: see unresponsive.
roU, thunder, din, rumble, etc.; spec. 2. interlocutive (rare), responsorial (rare).
nasality, twang. rest, n. 1. repose, respite, relief, requiem,
resonant, a. sonorous, resounding, plan- quiet, resting, breath, breathing, comfort;
gent, vibrant, roaring, rumorous (archaic), spec, siesta, meridian, sabbatism; see
canorous (literary); spec, rotund, clan- sleep, peace, CALM.
^^ Cross references: see Note. resolution: decomposition, con- presentable, considerable, fair.
reset: replace. version, determination, courage, respecting: about.
resettle: reSstdblishj settle. decision, analysis (mental). respective: individual.
reshape: refashion. resolvable: decomposable. respiration: breath.
reside: dwell, inhere. resolve, v. t: decompose, con- respire, v. t. & i.: breathe, exhale.
residentiary, n.: dweUer. vert, explain, analyze (men- respite, n.: delay, rest, reprieve.
residual, a..* remaining. tally), decide, assure.
dispel, respite, v. t.: relieve, reprieve,
residual, n.: remainder, resolve, v. i.: decompose, decide. defer.
residuary: remaining. resolved: determined, deliber- resplendent: bright.
residue: remainder. ate. respond: answer.
resign: relinquish, consign, ab- resound, v. t.: celebrate. respondency, »..• responsive-
dicate. resound, v. i.: echo. ness.
resile, withdraw, recoil.
i>. i.: resounding: resonant. respondent: answering, re-
resilient: elastic, buoyant, resource: m.ean,s, expedient. sponsive.
resistive: resistant, opposing, resourceless: helpless. response: answer.
resistless: irresistible. respect, n.; relation, particular, responsion: answer.
resoluble: decomposable. attention, consideration, esteem, responsible: trustworthy.
resolute: determined, coura- politeness. responsory: anthem.
geous. respectable: estimable, proper. rest, 71.; remainder.

0° See Notes of Explanation.

24 357
 REST
Antonyms: see action, work. Antonyms: see tire, exhaust.
2. jSee MOTIONLE8SNES8, STTPPORT, BEAK- See return, renew, repair, replace,
3.
ING. RECALL, reestablish.
rest, V. 1. 1. repose, refresh, relieve, breathe; restrain, v. t. 1. In the sense of "to bring to
spec. wind. a complete cessation of activity" or "to
Antonyms: see weabt, tire, work, ex- withhold from activity": check, arrest,
haust. stop, stay, withhold, deter, rebuff, re-
2. lay, set, repose, settle, couch; spec. frain (rare), keep, hold, repress, inhibit
bed, recline, level, lean, piUow; see (literary or. tech.), bind, cramp, cohibit
CUSHION. (rare), cork (fig. and chiefly colloq. or
3. See PLACE, PUT, BASE. slang), bottle (fig.; colloq. or slang); see
rest, V. i. 1. repose, breathe; spec, sab- prevent, hinder.
batize; see sleep. Antonyms: see impel, incite.
Antonyms: see work. 2. In the sense of "to hold back from put-
2. lie, set, repose, stand; spec, bed, pil- ting forth full activity": check, contain,
low, ride, lean, perch, lounge. govern, rule, constrain (now literary), con-
3. iSee RELY, depend, stay, wait, con- trol, bridle, curb, bit (consciously figuror
tinue. live), rein, temper, shackle (fig.), yoke
restate, v. t. state, reword, recapitulate; (consciously figurative), hold, discourage
see paraphrase. (now coarct (rare), com-
chiefly colloq.),
restful, a. reposeful, easy, comfortable. pesce (rare), trash (obs. or rare; orig.
Antonyms: see tiresome. spec); see Control, confine.
rest house, hospital (fibs, or rare), hospi- Antonyms: see impel, incite, drive,
tium {xare), resting {rare); spec, hospice, URGE.
choultry (India), khan (Arabian), cara- 3. In the sense of "to hold back (desire, en-
vansary, caravanserai, dak bungalow thusiasm, feeling, or other form of activ-
(Jndia). The "rest hmise" is chiefly an ity)": check, deaden, damp,
repress,
institution of India. dampen, chasten (chiefly literary),
chill,
restless, a. I. In a physical sense: active, lessen, control, govern, constrain (now
unsteady, unquiet (esp. spec), unresting; literary), bridle, curb, hold, bit (coji-
spec, astatic. sciously figurative), confine.
Antonyms: see motionless, still. 4. See restrict.
2. Referring to mental conditions: see restraint, n. 1. check, arrest, stopping,
UNEASY. staying, withholding,^ deterrence, deter-
restlessness, n. 1. activity, unsteadiness, ment, keeping, repression, inhibition
unquiet, unquietness, inquietude, un- (literary or tech.); see prevention, for-
restingness (rare). bidding.
2. See UNEASINESS. 2. Referring to the action: check, govern-
restoration, n. 1. return, restitution, re- ment, control, containment (rare), rein,
duction (rare), reddition (ohs. or rare), discouragement (chiefly colloq.); see con-
restoral (rare); spec. redeUvery, remitter, trol, confinement, constraint.
repayment. Antonyms: see urging, incitement.
Antonyms: see deprivation. 3. Referring to the thing that restrains:
2. recovery (rare, in the active sense), check, control, bridle, curb, bit (con-
repristination (rare), restitution (rare), sciously fig.), rein, shackle, discourage-
repair, instauration (rare), renewal, ren- ment (chiefly colloq.), deterrent.
ovation, retrieval (rare); see cure, re- Antonyms: see incitement.
vival. 4. check, repression, control, govern-
3. SeeRENEWAL, recovery, repair, re- ment, confinement, bridling, curbing,
placement, RECALL. cramp, binding, etc.
restorative, a. recuperative, recuperatory Antonyms: see license.
(rare); see curative. 5. See restriction.
restore, v. 1. 1. return, regive, reduce (rare), restrict, v. t. 1. In reference to confinement
restitute (rare), redeliver; see repay. of a body within a certain space: see con-
2. In the sense of "to bring a person or part fine.
of the body back to some previous, usually 2. Referring to the limitation of the scope
better, condition": recover (rare), repair or extent of the operation of activities,
(rare), retrieve, recuperate, repristinate causes, etc.: confine, restrain, limit, con-
(rare), renew, rehabilitate; see cure, re- strain, straiten, astrict (rare), restringe
vive. (rare); spec, tie, qualify, circumscribe.
t^ Cross references: see Note. reatful: comfortable. restiTe: balky, intractable.
restaurant: eating-house. restlff: balky. restorative: atimulant, curative.

K^* See Notes of Explanation.

358
 RETREAT
reitrloted, a. limited, strait {archaic), 2. In reference to the mind's power to re-
strict; pahticulak, confined.
see member: tenacious.
Antonyms: see absolute. Antonyms: see forgetful.
restriction, n. 1. See confinement. reticence, n. reserve, silence, dumbness,
9. confinement, restraint, limitation, con- secrecy, mumness, reservedness, taciturn-
straint; spec. Qualification, embargo. ity, reticency, secretiveness, closeness, se-
restrictive, a. limiting, limitative; spec. clusion. Cf. communicative, talkative.
circumscriptive, qualificatory; see con- reticent, a. reserved, tmcommunicative,
fining. silent, dumb, secretive, close, taciturn,
result, n. 1. effect, consequence, sequel, se- mum, secret, dark, private.
quela (learned; chiefly tech. and chiefly Antonyms: see communicative, talka-
spec), outcome, fruit, product, resultant, tive.
creature {disparaging or contemptuous), retinue, n. following, attendance, tail,
sequent {rare), resultance {rare), end train, trail, suite, suit (archaic), rout, peo-
{contextual); spec, corollary, superconse- ple {contextual); spec, court, cortdge
quence, dregs (pi.); see peoduct. {French), bodyguard.
Antonyms: see cause. retire, v. i. 1. withdraw, retreat.
a. In pL: see pkoceeds. Antonyms: see advance.
8. In mathematics: see computation. 2.In the elliptical sense meaning, "to re-
result, V. i. 1. Referring to the cause: see tire and go to bed," a sense generally ob-
EVENTUATE. jected to as being inexact and foolishly
2. Referring to what arises from the cause: formal or affected: bed {rare), laar {of an
follow, come, arise, originate, redound, animal).
proceed. 8. See RECEDE.
resulting, a. resultant, consequent, se- retire, v. I. 1. withdraw; spec, seclude.
quent {rare), consequential, emergent, Antonyms: see advance.
arising, appendant. 2. remove, shelve {fig.); spec, pension
resume, v. t. 1. retake, reassume, recall, {often used with "off' ), superannuate; see
revoke spec, reoccupy see recover.
; ; DISCHARGE.
2. See RENEW, summarize. retirement, n. t. Refernng to the act: with-
resumption, n. 1. retaking, reassumption, drawal, retire {rare), retiral (rare), seclu-
recall; spec, reoccupation, recaption; see sion, reclusion.
recovery. 2. Referring to the stale: withdrawal, re-
2. See RENEWAL, summarization. treat; spec, seclusion, reclusion.
retaliate, v. t. return, requite, repay, re- retreat, n. 1. recession, withdrawal, re-
tribute, retort. "Retaliate" is now used coil {rare, exc. spec), retrograde {rare),
only mth reference to the return of evil. retrogradation, katabasis {literary; used
retaliation, n. return, reprisal, requital, in reference or allusion to Xenophon);
retribution, payment, retortion, talio or spec, rout; see retirement.
talion {tech.), pay {rare). Antonyms: see advance, invasion.
Antonyms: see absolution. 2. recess, place {contextiicd), cove, recu-
retard, v. t. 1. restrain, delay, slow, forslow lade {French), retirement {rare), retire
{archaic), slacken, slack {rare). {rare); spec, hold, nichCj shadow, reclu-
Antonyms: see hasten, quicken. sion, hibernaculum or hibemacle {rare),
2. See hinder. grotto; see refuge.
retardation, n. 1. restraint, delay, retard 8. See recess.
{rare; used in "in retard"), retardment retreat, v. i. 1, recede, withdraw, retro-
{rare), slowing, slacking; spec. lag. grade, recoil {rare, exc. spec), go (con-
2. See hindrance. textual); spec, crawfish {chiefly fig.; coUoq.,
retcb, V. i. reach {now dial.), heave, wam- U. S.); see retire.
ble {dial.), keck {rare), gag. Antonyms: see advance.
retentive, a. 1. Spec, keeping, continent 2. In an immaterial sense: see with-
{rare). draw.
tW Cross references: see Note. retain: kee-p, engage, remember, reticulation: network.
resultant, n.; result. hold, detain. reticule: vmrkbag.
resultant, a.: resulting. retainer: adherent. retired: secluded, lonely.
rfisumS, n.; summary. retainer: fee. retiring: modest.
resurrect, v. t.: revivSt regener' retalce: resume. retort, v. i. & n.: answer.
ate. renew. retaking : resumption. retortion: retaliation.
resurrect, v. i. ' revive. retell: re-peat, narrate. retoucli: renovate.
resuscitation: revivaX, regen- retention: keeping, remem- retrace: delineate, draw, foUow,
eration, renewal. brance, memory, holding, deten- recall. '
[revoke.
retail: seU, mention, narrate. tion. retract, v. t: withdraw, recall,
retailer: seller. reticular: netlike, caruieUate. retract, v. i.: withdraw.

W See Notes of Explanation.

359
 . ,

RETREATING
retreating, a. recessive, retrograde; spec. revel, v. i. 1. disport; spec, riot, roister.
retiring. Bacchanalize.
retribute, v. t. 1. See eetaliate. 2. See DELIGHT, ABOUND.
2. compensate, repay, avenge, revenge, revelation, n. 1. Referring to divine com-
wreak (archaic). The verb "retribute" is munications: disclosure, oracle; spec.
less usual than its synonyms. apocalypse, gospel (rare).
retribution, n. 1. See retaliation. 2. See DISCLOSURE.
2. compensation, avengement, revenue, revelatory, a. disclosing, apocalyptic
revengement, vengeance, recompense (chiefly spec, Bib., and cap.).
(rare), Nemesis (the goddess of vengeance), reveler, n. merrymaker; spec. Mayer,
nemesis (vengeance in general). msenad, bacchant, roisterer or (archaic)
Antonyms: see forgiveness, mercy. roister, bacchanal, bacchanahan.
retributive, a. retributory, avenging, re- reveling, a. merrymaking; spec. Bacchic,
qmting. Bacchanahan, roystering, roisterous (rare)
retrieval, n. 1. See recovery. bacchanal.
2. In the sense of "a making up for'': re- revelry, n. merrymaking, revel-rout (ar-
covery. chaic), revelment; spec, carnival, deray
retrieve, v. t. t. See recover. (archaic), bacchanal, Bacchanaha (pi.),
2. In the sense of "to make good"; "to orgy.
make up for": recover, recoup. Antonyms: see mourning, lamenta-
retroactive, o. retrospective, regressive; tion.
spec, ex-post facto (Latin) reversal, n. 1. abrogation, annulment; cf.
return, v. t. 1. Referring to a sending, con- INVALIDATE.
dv/Aing, or piling back to, toward, or in a 2. inversion, reversement (rare).
previous position or place: restore; spec. reverse, a. I. See back, backward.
reconduct, volley, boast, redart; see re- 2. turned, inverted, inverse; spec, re-
place, REFLECT, echo, RECOMMIT. trorse, retrograde. --

2. give (contextual), reciprocate, requite, reverse, n. 1. contrary.

repay, respond (rare); see retaliate. 2. Referring to the side of medal, coin, etc.,
8. See REPAY, REPORT, ANSWER, ELECT, that does not bear the main device: back,
YIELD. counterpart, verso, tail, pile (archaic).
return, v. i. 1. In the sense of "to come back 3. misfortune, adversity, backcast, down
to or toward an original position": recover, (colloq.; chiefly used in "ups and downs"),
regress (rare); spec, retrograde, revolve, backset, check, comedown (colloq.), set-
remigrate; see recede. back, pull-back (colloq.); see defeat.
2. See ANSWER, RECUR, REPORT, RENEW, 4. inverse.
recoil, react, revert. reverse, v. t. 1. turn, revert (rare), invert;
return, n. recovery, regress (rare), re- spec, retrograde, transpose, intussuscept,
gression; spec, reentry, retrogression, ret- invaginate.
rogradation, countermarch; see reces- 2. See invalidate.
sion. reversion, n. 1. In law: return; spec.
return, n. 1. Spec, volley; see replace- escheat.
ment, reflection, echo. 2. In
thought, discourse, etc.: recurrence,
2. reciprocation, restoration, requital, re- retrospect, retrospection.
payment; see retaliation. 3. See RELAPSE.
8. See RECURRENCE, RENEWAL, REPORT, 4. throwback, atavism.
REPAYMENT, RENT, YIELD, REVERSION. revert, v. i. 1. In law: return; spec, es-
reunite, V. t. & v. i. 1. unite (contextual) ,Te- cheat.
join, recompound, recompose, recombine, 2. To go back in thought, discourse, etc.:
recompact (v. t. only). return, recur, retrospect, remount (rare).
2. reconcile. 8. See RELAPSE, backslide.
K^" Cross references: see Note. retrogressive: backward. revenue: income.
retrench, v. t: diminish, re^ retrospect, n.: look, view, con- reverberate: reflect, echo.
mote, delete. sideration. revere: esteem.
retrench, v. i.; diminish, ecov/- retrospect, v. i.: look, revert. reverence, n. : esteem, bow.
omize. retrospection: view, considera- reverence, n. t.; esteem.
Tetrenchment: dimimiiion, tion, reversion. reverend, n.: minister.
removal, economy. retrospective: backward. reverent, a.; respectful.
retrosradation, n.: recession, returning: recurrent. reverential: respectful.
declination, degeneration. reveal, v. t.: disclose, show, con- reverie: fancy, daydream.
retrograde, v. i.: recede, de- fess. revest: reestablish, vest.
cline, degenerate. revel, n. : merrymaking. review, n.: examination, con-
_

retrograde, a.: backward. revenge, v. t.: vindicate, retrib- sideration, discussion, criticism.
retrogreBslon; recession, de~ ute. review, v. t: examine, consider,
dine, degeneration. revengeful: vindictive. discuss, reconsider, criticize.

(9° See Notes of Explanation.

360
 RIBBON
revile, v. i. vituperate, rail, slang {coUoq^.). 2.overthrow, overturn, upset.
revlTal, n. 1. restoration, reanimation, 8.See INSURGENCY, PASSAGE.
raising, revivement {rare), recovery, resur- revolutionary, a. 1. revolutional (rare),
rection, resuscitation, revivification, re- red (fig.), sansculottic (fig.); see insub-
call (contextual); spec, animation. GENT.
2. In an intransitive sense: resurrection, 2. See REVOLVING.
resuscitation, rising, revivescence (rare), revolve, v. i. 1. Referring to an orbit or, fig.,
palingenesy or palingenesis or paUngenesia towhat returns to its starting-place in a cur-
(rare). cuU: circle, roll, circuit, orb (rare), turn,
3. In the sense of "bringing again to knowl- round, wheel, swing, gyrate, circumgy-
edge, notice," etc.: recall, renewal, restora^ rate, circumvolve (rare), circulate.
tion, rekindling, resurrection, revivement 2. See ROTATE.
(rare), revivification (rare); spec, reestab- revolve, v. t. 1. roll, wheel.
lishment. See reestablish. 2. See consider, rotate.
i. In the sense of "coming again into no- revolving, a. revolutionary, gyraJ, voluble
tice, currency," etc.: resurrection (rare), (rare), gyratory.
renaacence, renaissance, revivement (rare), reward, v. t. 1. recompense, requite, re-
revival, paugenesy or palingenesis or palin- guerdon (rare), premiate (rare); spec, re-
genesia (rare). mimerate, gratify (archaic), repay, re-
6. In a religious sense: reawakening. member, flesh; see pay.
6. See RECALL, STRENGTHENING, RENEW- Antonyms: see punish.
AL, REFRESHMENT. 2. See PUNISH.
revive, v. t. 1. restore, recover, reanimate, reward, n. 1. Referring to the act: recom-
wake (religious or poetic), requicken (rare), pense, requital, remuneration, gratifica-
resuscitate, raise, resurrect, revivify, re- remembrance;
tion (archaic), repayment,
call (contextual); see animate. seePAYMENT.
Antonyms: see kill. Antonyms: see punishment.
2. In the sense of "to bring again into ex- 2. Referring to the thing that rewards: rec-
istence, notice, or currency": renew, re- ompense, return, remuneration, remem-
call, restore, revivify (rare), rekindle, res- brance, premium, crown (fi^.), bounty,
urrect; see REESTABLISH. meed (poetic or rhetorical), guerdon (liter-
8. See RESTORE, RENEW, RECALL. ary), gratification (archaic), reguerdon
revive, v. i. 1. recover, resurrect, resusci- (rare); spec, honorarium, pay, hire, prize.
tate, rise. 8. See PUNISHMENT.
ArUonyms: see die, faint. Antonyms: see penamt.
2. See FRESHEN. rewrite, v. t. rescribe (rare); see copy.
reviving, a. 1. In an active or transitive rhapsody, n. effusion, rapture.
sense: resuacitative, resurrective, revivi- rhetoric, n. 1. As the name of the art: elo-
fying. quence (rare),
2. In an intransitive sense: revivescent i. As the name of a form of language: see
(rare). DICTION.
revocation, n. recall, rescission, repeal. rhythm, n. number, cadence, cadency,
revocatory, a. revocative, rescissory, ab- rhythmus (tech.), pulsation (rare); spec.
rogative. chime, run, hit (chiefiy literary), swmg,
revoUe, V. t. annul, retract, abrogate, re- meter, measure.
peal (chiefly spec.), cancel, rescind, raise rhythmic, a. metrical, metric, numerous
(an embargo, etc.), recall, countermand, (literary; rare), cadent.
counterorder (rare); spec, unpray (rare), rib, n. 1. In anatomy: costa.
unpromise (rare), disenact (rare), abolish. 2. ridge, ribbet (rare), cord; spec, groin,
Antonyms: see enact. ogive, lierne see feather, brace. ;

revoke, v. i. In cards: renege (local, U. S.), 3. See VEIN, QUILL, RIDGE.

nig (slang, U. S.). ribbed, a. costate.
revolution, n. 1. gyre (poetic or literary), ribbon, n. 1. ribband (archaic), band (con^
turn, wheel, circuit, circulation, round, textual); spec, cordon, galloon.
circumvolution, whirl. 2. See strip, badge.

t^' Cross references: see Note. revolt, V, %.: inaurrect, shrink. rhapsodical: ecataHc.
revile, dbuae.
v. t.; revolt, V. t.: disgust, nauseate. rhyme, rhymer, etc.: variants
revUement: abuae. revolting: insurgent, disgusts of rime, rimer, etc.
revtae: edit, reconsider. ing, abominable. rib, V. t.: brace.
revivify: remve, recall, renew, revolutionise: refashion. ribald: aljuaive, irretigioua,
refresh, reSatahliah. revue; Tplay. coarse, letod.
revolt, n..* insurgence, move- revulsion: shrink, reaction. ribband: r^ibon, sfo^'p, ahred,
ment. revulsive: reactionary. rag.

US' See Notes of Explanation.

361
 RICH
rich, o. 1. prosperous (contextval), wealthy, 2. Referring to a ridge of land: spec, chine,
opijent, affluent, well-to-do, moneyed, ardte (French), spine, crest, bridge, kame
solid, flush, pursy (coUoq.), pecunious or kaim(Scot.& North of Eng.), hogback,
(rare), crummy (slang), doUared (o nonce sowback (rare), horseback (U. S.), thank-
word), snug (chiefly Irish dial.), warm you-ma'am (coUoq., U. S.), saddle, ledge;
(colloq., Eng.). see bane, bar, hill.
Antonyms: see poor. Antonyms: see channel.
2. See VALUABLE, LUXUKIOTJS, MELODI- ridged, a. ridgy; spec, keeled, carinate,
OUS, DEEP, ABOUNDING, ABUNDANT, PRO- cristate, crested, corded, twilled, wrin-
DUCnVB, ODOROUS. kled.
ricb person, moneybags (pi.; humorous ridicule, n. derision, mockery, mock (rare),
or contemptuous), Dives (Latin; in al- mocking, game (used only in "to make
lusion to the "rich man" o/ Luke xvi: game of"), urison (rare), roasting (colloq.;
19-31), richling (rare), Croesus (fi^).), the action), roast (colloq.; a specific act);
Midas (fig.); spec. miUioiiaire, multimill- spec, imitation; see satire.
ionaire, billionaire. Antonyms: see praise.
Antonyms: see beggar. ridicule, v. t. contemn, deride, mock, be-
rickety, a. 1. See weak. mock, guy roast
(orig. theatrical slang),
2. shaky, ramshackle, ramshackled (rare), (colloq.),scout; spec, monkey (ra/re), sneer
tumbledown, ramshackly (rare), cranky, (rare), skit, burlesque, hoot, satirize.
crank, crazy. Antonyms: see praise.
Antonyms: see rraM. ridiculing, a. sardonic (said of a smile or
riddle, n. 1. question (contextual) ^ conun- grin).
drum (properly spec), enigma, gnph (obs. right, n. 1. See justice, uprightness,
or rare); spec, logogriph, logogram or TRUTH.
logograph (an erroneous usage), rebus, 2. interest, part, claim, title, droit (Jmjo;
charade. chiefly in "droits of admiralty"); spec.
2. See SECRET. equity, patent; see due.
ride, V. i. 1. Spec, lark, prick (archaic), 3. liberty, privilege, prerogative.
budcet, pump, tool (slang or cant), walk, right, a. 1. See just, correct, appropri-
trot, gallop, canter, prance, spank, grind ate, TRUE, conventional, PROPER, AD-
(Eng. university slang), hack, jumble vantageous, sane, actual, genuine,
(rare), jolt, cavalcade, spur, tantivy (obs. straight.
and rare), jackass (rare). 2. dextral, dexter.
2. To ride in or on a vehicle: vehiculate Antonyms: see left.
(rare), cycle; spec, caroche, chariot; see 8. droitural; spec, contractual.
DRIVE. righteous, a. just (now chiefly Bib.), godly,
8. See REST, float. god-fearing, good, right (rare); spec.
ride, v. t. 1. Spec, bucket, pump, walk, goody (colloq.); see sinless, upright, re-
amble, trot, canter, lark, prance, hunt. ligious.
2. See SIT, TRAVERSE, EXPEL. Antonyms: see immoral.
8. bestride (as spectacles do the nose). right-handed, a. dexterous or dextrous
rider, n. 1. horseman (masc), horsewoman (rare).
(fern.), equestrian, equestrienne (fem,.; rightless, a. In law: dead (fig.), unlawed.
rare), pricker (archaic), rideress (fem.; rigid, a. 1. stiff, indeformable (rare), im-
rare); s^ec. jockey, galloper, ambler, pos- plastic, marbly (a fig.), inflexible, firm,
tillion or postilion, courier. unyielding; see hard.
2. Aclause appended to a document after Antonyms: see ductile, flexible, soft,
its drafting: spec, tack (Eng.). plastic.
ridge, n. 1. Sp^. ridgelet, keel, carina, 0. See UNTIELDINa, STRICT, FORMAL, AUS-
rib, carination, fret, fillet, spine, crest, TERE.
ripple, seam, burr, inion, back, zastruga; rigidity, n. 1. stiffness, rigidness, implas-
see RIB, WRINKLE, WEAL. ticity, inflexibility, firmness, unyielding-
Antonyms: see channel. ness; see hardness.
(W Cross references: see Note. riSrafl, n.: mob. rig,V. t.: hoax, manipvZaie.
rick: heap. riflrafl, a.: disreputable, worth- rigging: equipment, clothing.
ricochet, v, i.: glance. less. rightful: lawful, deserved, due.
rid, V, t: clear, free. rifle: plunder. rigmarole: nonsense.
riddle, n.: sieve. rift, n.: cleft, opening. rigor: severity, austerity.
rid^e, v. t: sift, perforate. rift, V. t.: cleave. rigorism: severity, austerity.
ridiculous: laughable, absurd. rig, n.: equipment, costume, rigorous: severe, austere, strict.
rife: prevalent, current, abun- team. rile, riley: variants of roil,
dant. rig, V, t.: equip, adjust, clothe. roily.
riffle: rapid, channel. rig, n.: trick, hoax. rill: brook.

fW See Notes of Explanation

362
 RISIBLE
S. Spec, unyieldingness, strictness, for- 2. Of persons, judmnetd, scholarship, etc.:
mality, austerity. mature, developed.
rim, n. edge; spec, felloe or felly, chime or 8. See GROWN, ADVANCED, PREPARED,
chimb, ring, flange, girdle, curb. completed.
Antonyms: see body, center, uiddi^. ripen, v. i. 1. Of fruit: ripe {rare), mature
rime, rhyme, n. 1. crambo {contemptu- {also fig.); spec, mellow {also fig.).
ous); spec, assonance. 2. Of aboil: gather, head.
2. See VERSE, POETRY. 8. See DEVELOP.
rime, rhyme, v. t. berime or berhyme (an ripen, V. 1. 1. enripen {rare), mature, mellow.
intensive); see versify. 2. See DEVELOP, cure.
rime, rhyme, v. i. 1. 0} words: chink {rare ripple, n. 1. agitation {contextual), play
or amtemptiums). (contextual), wave
(contextual), wavelet,
2. Of a person: see versify. dimple, Upper (cant);
ruffle, curl, crinkle,
rimose, a. cleft, rimous, rifty, chinky, spec, ring, ripplet, ripple,
clefty (rare). 2. See WAVE.
ring, ti. i. &
resound; spec, tinkle, ripple, V. i. 1. play (contextual), wave, lap,
V. t. t.
jingle, jangle, dingle (rare), twang, cUnk, dimple, ruffle, curl, crinkle. Upper (cant).
clank, clang, peal (v. i. only), sing {v. i. 2. See FLOW, WAVE, fret.
only), tintinnabulate {literary), chmkle ripple, V. t. 1. agitate, wave, dimple, ruf-
{rare), toll, knell, knoll {archaic or dial.), fle, curl, crinkle.
jow {Scot.); see chimb, play, din. 2. See WAVE.
2. As a V. i.; referring to the ears: sing, ripply, a. 1. agitated, wavy, dimply, ruf-
hum, buzz, tingle. fly (rare), crinkly, ruffled.
ring, n. 1. resonance; spec, tinkle, jingle, 2. See WAVY.
jangle, dingle (rare), twang, chink, clank, rise, n. i. ascent, ascension, ascendance,
clang, clangor, ringing, tmtinnabulation uprising (rare), levitation (often spec.),
{liierary), cninkle (rare), tinnitus, ding- heave, tower (rare), mount (rare); spec.
dong (imitative), peal, knell, knoll {ar- flow, soaring, break; see emerqbncb, as-
chaic or dial.), toll, curfew. cent.
2. jSee SET._ Antonyms: see descent, fall.
ring, n. 1. circle, annulus {learned or tech.), 2. See HILL, INCREASE, ADVANCE, OCCUR-
cirque {poetic), round, roundel {rare), RENCE.
hoop; spec, gimmal or gemel, eyelet, cir- rise, V. i. I. ascend, uprise, mount, levitate
clet, ringlet, keeper, grummet or grom- (chiefly spec), lift (chiefly spec), arise
met, whorl, cringle, traveler, torque, (now only poetic); spec soar, climb,
thimble, discus, vervel or varyel, washer, clamber, upclimb (rore), upleap, scale,
burr, terret, manilla, lasket, collar, collet; rear, tower, ramp, spring, spire, aspire
see LOOP, FERRULE, COIL, CROWN, WREATH, (rare), heave, upmeave (rare), remount,
GIRDLE, RIM. resurge (rare), heighten (rare), flush (of a
2. See SET, COMBINATION, ARENA. bird), rouse (rare), break, upflow (rare),
ring, V. t. 1. See surkound, girdle. exsmge (rare), upsoar (rare), emerge.
2. In the sense of "to put a ring on or Antonyms: see descend, alight, fall.
around": enring {rare); spec, girdle. 2. In the sense of "to get up or take a more
ringing, a. resonant; spec, tintmnabulant erect position": arise; spec, bristle, prick,
(rare), tinkling, clanging, etc. stand.
ringing, n. 1. resonance] spec, tintinnab- Antonyms: see stoop.
ulation {literary), tinkhng, ete., curfew, 8. Referring to the flowing up of water:
peal. flow, head (chiefly if. S.), swell.
2. buzz
{of the cars). 4. Insurrect (rare), insurrectionize (rare),
riparian, a. riverside, riverine, ripal {rare), rebel, mutiny, revolt.
riparial {rare), riparious {rare); spec. 5. Referring to the spirits, passions, etc.:
estuarine. kindle, wax,mount, tower.
ripe, a. 1. Of fruit: mature (o6s. or rare); 6. See ADVANCE, ARISE, APPEAR, OCCUR,
spec, mellow, soft, overripe. PROTUBERATE, increase, RECOVER, RE-
Antonyms: see unripe. VIVE, ADJOURN, DECAMP.

fW Cross references: see Note. ring-shaped: anradar. rlp, n.: commotion.

rim, V. t.: edge. rinse, v. L: wash, gargle. rip, V. i.: go.
rime: frost. rinse, n.; wash. rip, n.: tear.
rimer; versifier, poet. riot, n.: dissipation, merry- rimy: frosty.
rlmester: versifier. making, disturbance. rind: bark, huU, skin.
rlag, V. i.: circle. riot, v.i.: dissipate, revel, delight. rise, «. t.: flush.
ringleader: chief. riotous: merry, boisterous, law- rislblUty: laughter.
ringlet: ring, lock. risible: laughing, laughable.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

363
 , —

rising, a. 1. ascendant, ascending, mount-
ing, resurgent {rare); spec, orient.
Antonyms: see descending, falling.
2. See HILLY, ADVANCING.
risky, a. 1. See dangerous.
2. scabrous (learned or rare), risqu6
(French), off-color.
rite, n. form, ceremony, ritual (chiefly in
pi.); spec, hierurgy, liturgy, service, cult,
sacrament, sacramental, use, baptism,
proper, mass, form, orgies (pi.).
rival, n. corrival or corival (rare); see com-
petitor.
river, n. stream (contextual); spec, rivulet,
riveret, riverUng (rare), tributary, afflu-
ent, anabranch (Aiistralia), Jordan (Bib-
lical),Death (fig.), Lethe, Phlegethon,
Styx, Cocytus; see rivulet.
river, a. fluvial, fluviatile, riverain, riverine, rock, n. 1. Referring to a large mass of stone:
potamic (rare).
rivulet, n. river (contextual), stream (con-
textual), streamlet (contextual), run (chief-
ly U. S.), runnel, creek (British colonies &
RISING
roast, V. t. 1. cook (contextual; rare); spec.
barbecue, bake.
2. heat (contextiml) , torrefy; spec, cal-
cine, burn, decrepitate, frit, parch' see
BAKE.
S. See RIDICULE.
robber, n. desperado, plunderer, thief; spec.
highwayman, footpad, bandit, dacoit (In-
dia); see PICKPOCKET, BURGLAR, PIRATE.
robbery, n. thievery, plunder, hold-up,
stick-up (Australia); spec, dacoity (/n-
dia), piracy.
robe, n. 1. garment (contextual), gown;
spec, cassock, chrisom, dalmatic, colo-
bium, dolman, surcoat, peplum or peplos
or peplus, praetexta, toga, trabea, manga,
cymar, chimer, kimono; see cloak.
2. See COVER, (in pi.) clothing.
stone (contextual); spec, crag, bowlder or
boulder, sarsen, dolman, monoUth, etc.
2. Referring to the hard, massive substance
in general: stone; spec, burr, trap, tufa,
--

U. S.), runlet, riverlet (rare); .see brook. clint, slate, asbestos, dolomite, lava,
road, n. 1. way, passage, roadway, high- flint, pumice, etc.
way, street, avenue, turnpike, pike; spec. rock, V. t. 1. cradle.
boulevard, ride, track, drive, pav6 (French) 2. See SWAY.
causeway, ridgeway, corduroy, iter (Ro- rocky, a. 1. stony; spec, craggy, bowU
man hist.), trail; see track. dery.
2. See anchorage, railroad, course, 2. See UNFEELING.
direction. rod, n. Spec, tie, bull, pontil, spindle, slat,
roar, n. 1. cry (contextual), rout; see bel- shaft, cue, verge, ferule, ferula, pole.
low, SHOUT, OUTCRY. rodlike, a. virgate, veretilleous (rare),
2. resonance, thunder, fremitus (rare), veretilliform (rare), rhabdoid; all four
buUer (Scot.), rote (U. S.), swough (obs. tech.
or archaic); spec, rut (U. S.), echo. roe, n. eggs {pi.); spec, botargo, caviare.
8. See OUTBREAK. roll, V. t. 1. In the sense of "to turn over or
roar, v. i. 1. cry (contextual), rout; see bel- rotate an object vrith the result of forward
low, SHOUT. motion or with reference to its motion rela-
2. See RESOUND. tive to what supports it" (contracting with
roar, v. t. cry, rout (rare); see bellow. "rotate," which refers simply to the turning
roaring, a. 1. crying (contextual), routing; round of the object about a central line):
spec, musical (slang); see bellowing. wheel, trundle, truckle (rare); spec, bowl,
2. See loud, boisterous. devolve (archaic); see revolve.
roast, 71. 1. cook (contextual); said of the — 2. In the sense of "to fold continuously on
operation or its result. itself," esp. with "up" or with an adverb of
2. Of meat: spec, barbecue, cabob (pri- direction or manner: infold, enroll; spec.
marily Anglo-Indian), sirloin, rump, furl.
sparerib, etc. Antonyms: see unroll.
8. torref action (rare); spec, calcination, 8. See flow, turn, sway, accumulate,
decrepitation, parch; see bake. curl, wind, wrap, utter, spread,
4. See ridicule, glow. smooth.
XW^ Cross references: see Note. roadside: wayside. strong, self-assertive.
rising: rise, insurgence, hill, roadstead: anchorage. rook, V. i.: sway.
projection. roam, v. i.: wander. rocket: dart, fly.
risk, n.; danger, chance, venture. roam, n.: wander. rococo: extravagant.
risk, V. t,: endanger, venture, roast, V. i.: glow. rodomontade, n.: boasting.
wager. roasting: hot. rodomontade, a.: boastful.
ritual: formal. rob, V. t.: plunder, steal, deprive. rodomontade, v. i.; boast.
rival, a.: contending. rob, D. t.; steal, -plunder, pirate. rogue: rascal, mischief-maker.
rival, V. t.: emulate. robber: thief, pirate. roguish: rascally, mischievous.
rival, V. i.: contend. robe, V. t.: clothe. roil: muddy.
rivalry: emulation. robing: clothing. {getic. roily: muddy.
rive, V. t: cleave. robust: hardy, vigorous, ener- roister, v. i.: bluster, revel.
riven: cleft. robustious: hardy, vigorous. role: part.

tW Sec Notes o{ Explanation.

364
 — . ,

ROTATE
roll, V. i. 1. wheel, trundle, trindle (ar- fig.),pace (archaic), capacity, accommo-
chaic), truckle (archaic); spec, grind, wal- dation; spec, margin, headway, seaway,
low, welter, run; see bowl, revolve. leeway, elbdwroom.
2. See GO, WANDER, RIDE, PASS (of time), 8. See OPPORTUNITY, LODGING.
C0RL, FLOW, WAVE, RESOUND, SOUND, roommate, n. comrade (contextual); spec.
TURN, DELIGHT, SWAY, SWAGGER. chum, tentmate.
toll, n. 1. Of a paper, parchment, or the like, roomy, a. spacious, large, wide, broad, ca-
hearing a record: scroll, volume (archaic pacious, roomthy (now dial.), commo-
or hist.); spec, pipe (Eng.). dious, roomful (rare); spec conifortable.
2. Referring to anything rolled up in cylin- Antonyms: see narrow.
drical form: spec, collar, furl, bolt, fillet, root, n. 1. Spec, rootlet, radical, radicle,
rove or row. radication (rare), tap, taproot, hand, race.
8. Referring to the action: trundle, trindle 2. Referring to hairs, the tongue, nails,
(archaic); spec, bowl, devolution or de- teeth, etc.: base, origin.
volvement (archaic), run. 3. In philology: radical, etymon (tech.).
4. iSee LIST, CYLINDER, ROLLER, COIL, i. See SOURCE, ancestor, bottom, rea-
LOAF, WINDLASS, TURN, GAIT, RESONANCE. son.
roller, n. cylinder, roll, rundle (chiefly root, V. i. strike; said of plants.
spec), trendle (rare; chiefly spec), truck, root, V. i. dig (contextiuu) nuzzle, grout, ,

trundle (chiefly spec); spec, bowl, runner, rootle (rare), grub.

barrel, mill, drum, jigger, beam, doctor, rope, a. line (contextual); spec, fast, ear-
jack, trolley; see wheel. ing, guy, haEiard or halyard, stay, halter,
romance, n. 1. narrative, romant (tech.), hawser, cable, cablet, painter, swifter,
cycle or cyclus (rare). sheet, gad, gasket, ratlin, guesswarp,
2. See NARRATIVE. guest-rope, foreganger, foretack, fore-
romantic, a. Spec, imaginative, idealistic, sheet, lanyard, boltrope, brail, span, run-
fantastic, wild, picturesque. ner, downhaul, forerunner, messenger,
romanticism, n. Spec, imaginativeness, lunge, roband w
robbin (rare), bunthno,
idealism, wildness, etc. tackle, bowline, cord, tack, lariat, lasso,
rondeau, n. poem (contextual), roundel timenoguy, spring; see halter.
(often spec), rondel (often spec). ropelike, a. funiform (tech. or learned).
roof, n. 1. cover (contextual); spec, thatch, rope-walker, n. acrobat (contextual), fu-
tortoise, tiler, cupola, tile, laquear, can- nambulator (rare), funambulist (rhetori-
opy, hip roof, mansard, dome, awning, cal).
saddleback, chopper (Anglo-Indian), deck rose, n. 1. Referring to the plant: rosier
(U. S.). (now poetic); spec, roselet.
2. See CEILING, PALATE. 2. red (contextual); spec, crimson, sol-
roof, V. t. cover (contextual); spec, shingle, ferino.
slate, tile, thatch. roseate, a. 1. rose-colored, rose, rosy.
roofing, n. roofage; spec tiling, tile, shin- 2. See HOPEFUL.
gling, slate, thatch. rose garden, rosary, rosarium.
roof- shaped, a. tectiform (rare). roselike, a. rosaceous.
room, n. 1. apartment, chamber (rhetor- rostrum, n. platform (contextual), stage,
ical or spec); spec, den, salon (French), stand, tribune; see pulpit.
saloon, stew, rotunda, conclave, cuddy, rotary, a. 1. See circular.
cubbyhole, cenacle, gloriette, consistory, 2. rotative, rotatory, revolutionary (rare)
divan, crypt, cabinet (archaic), wardrobe, revolving (rare), peristrephic (rare); spec.
library, study, closet, cabin, boudoir whirling.
(now chiefly poetic), bower (archaic), rotate, v. i. & t. 1. turn, revolve, run (con-
berth, camarilla (Spanish), cellar, stanza, textual), roll, wheel, whirl, twist, spin,
buffet, ward, surgery, cell, zeta (archceol- round (v. i.), twirl, pirl (archaic or dial.),
ogy), sala (rare), salle (French), lodge; see purl (rare or dial.), birl (Scot.), circumro-
CHAMBER, CELL, ROOM, HALL, BEDROOM. tate (rare and tautological)
2. space, roomage (rare), scope (chiefly 2. See alternate.

f^' Cross references: see Note. roomer: lodger. rope, V. i.: string.
rolled; curled. roommate: comrade. roping: cordage.
rollick: frolic. roost, 71,: perch. ropy: stringy.
romance, v. t.: exaggerate. roost, V. i.: perch, lodge. roster: list.
romany: gypsy. rooster: cock. rostrate: beaked.
romp: frolic. root, V. t: fix, estahlish, uproot, rosy: roseate, hopeful, auspi-
romplsli: frolicsome. destroy, ciotis.
rood: cross. rooted: fixed, chronic. rot, n.: decomposition.
room, V. i.: lodge. rope, 0. t.: bind. rot, V. i.: decompose.

1^* See Notes of Explanation.

365
 .

ROTATION
rotation, n. 1. turn, revolution, round, erary); spec, depolish (rare); see fret,
roll (rare, exc. of a single instance), wheel, grain.
whirl, twist, twirl, spin, circumrotation Antonyms: see smooth, polish.
(rare), circumvolution, whirligig (rare), roughness, n. Spec, unevenness, horror
volubility (rare). (poetic or rhetorical; rare), harshness, as-
2. See ROUND, SUCCESSION, ALTERNATION. perity, crudeness, rudeness, gruffness,
rough, a. 1. uneven, coarse (chiefly spec.), brutality, bruteness, grossness, acidity,
harsh, unsmooth (rare), ragged, roughish, etc. See rough, a.
broken, rugged, horrid (poetic); spec, sal- round, n. 1. See circle, ball, ring, out-
ebrous (rare), scabrous, bushy, burry, burst, curve, coil, revolution, rota-
scraggy; see stubby, burry, craggy, tion, RUNG, GROUP, circumference, DIS-
SCRATCHY. CHARGE, circuit, ROUTINE, WATCH.
Antonyms: see smooth, delicate, pol- 2. Referring to a single complete turn of
ished. some kind, as at play, horse^adng, etc.:
2. Referring to weather, the winds, etc.: turn, spell, bout (now chiefly spec), cycle,
foul, severe, violent, turbulent, harsh, rig- rotation; spec, rally, run, lap, game,
orous (learned or literary), boisterous, hand, wrestle, pass, heat.
tumultuous, rugged, wild; see stormy. 3. In music: catch, troll (rare).
Antonyms: see mHiD. round-up, n. rodeo (Amer. Spanish).
3. Referring to the water, as of the sea: agi- rouse, V. t. 1. See start, wake, excite,
tated (contextiud), wavy, turbulent, tu- STARTLE, STIMULATE.
multuous, broken; spec, fretful, chop- 2. Referring to rousing from inactivity or
ping, stormy, wild, uproarious, rampage- inattention to a state of activity or attention:
ous (rare), roaring, boisterous. stimulate, arouse, move, bestir, stir, in-
Antonyms: see calm. spire, wake, awake, waken, awaken,
4. Of, or referring to, the hair, fur, etc.: raise, shake, inactuate (rare).
shaggy, ragged, bushy, hirsute (learned or Antonyms: see numb, silence, still,
literary); spec, unkempt; see unshorn, STUPEFY.
NAPPY. 3. Referring to bringing into action the
Antonyms: see smooth, smooth-haired. energies, spirits, etc.: raise, arouse, call
5. Referring to one's treatment of others or (used esp. with "up," "together," etc.),
to the course of life as it affects one: un- summon, rally, brace, draw (used esp.
gentle, harsh, acid, acrimonious, hard, with "mt," "foHh," etc.).
dure (rare), ungenial (rare), untender Antonyms: see stupefy, calm, silence,
(rare), blunt, brutal, rude, round, astrin- STILL.
gent (rare), seamy (fig.; Shake- rouse, V. i. 1. See awake.
after
speare); spec, brutish, churlish, sharp, 2. move, stir, uprouse (rare); spec, rally.
savage (collog.), crude, coarse, brute, roused, a. up (used predicatively)
surly, sour, foul, gruff, brusque, boister- rousing, a. lively.
ous; see impolite, severe. rout, v. t. 1. flight or fley (dbs. or archaic),
Antonyms: see smooth, gentle, soft- stampede (orig. spec); see chase, scat-
spoken. ter, DISPERSE.
6. Referring to style or quality in diction, 2. See OVERCOME.
art, etc.: imperfect, rude, coarse, unfin- routine, n. course, round, path, rut, rota
ished, unpolished, crude, rugged, gross, (rare), groove (often depreciatory).
hirsute (jig. use), borrel or borel (archaic). row, n. Tine, series, string, chain, queue,
7. See HAIRY, coarse, crude, clumsy, file, rank, range (rare), tier (chiefly spec);

unrefined, acrid, astringent, disor- spec degree, cordon, bank, team, swath,
derly, aspirated, approximate, dis- windrow; see list.
cordant. row, V. i. remigate (rare), oar (rare), pad-
roughen, V. t. rough, coarsen (rare), ruffle dle (chiefly spec), pull; spec, scull, bucket,
(chiefly spec), enrough (rare), engrail (lit- skiff, tub.

t^ Cross references: see Note. plete, spherical. roundel: circle.

rotatory: rotary. round, v. t.t curve, circuit, sur- rousing, a,: lively.
rotten: deaimposed, crumbly, round, traverse, finish, collect. rousing, n.: excitation.
corrupt, immoral. round, v. i.: curve, revolve, ro- rout, n.: retinue, crowd, dis-
rotund: circular, spherical, tate, circuit, go. turbance.
plump, full, resonant. roundabout, a,: circular, devi- rout, n.: flight, defeat.
rouA: libertine. ous, indirect, circitmlocutory, rout, n. & v.: roar.
rouge; cosmetic. roundabout, n.; curve, indirec- route, n,: course,
rough, n,: rowdy. tion, circumlocution. routine: monotonous,
rough, V. t.: roughen, work, rounded, a.: curved, circular, rove, n.: wander.
shape. spherical, protuberant, finished, rove, V. i.: wander.
round, a.: Hunt, circular, com- full. rover, n.: pirate, wanderer.

Notes of Explanation.
366
 —

RULE
row, propel (contextual), oar (rare),
V. t. t. crash, loss, ruination (chiefly referring to
pull; spec. scuU. the action), undoing (the action), perdition
8. See TRANSPORT. (rare), decay, mischief, damnation (moral
row, n. pull, paddle; spec, scull. or spirituM ruin); spec, destruction,
rowdy, n. desperado (contextiud), tough devastation, demolition, dilapidation,
(colho.), rough, ruffian, blackguard, hood- desolation, violation.
lum (U. S.; slang or colloq.). Hooligan Antonyms: saving.
see
(slang), larrikin (Australia); spec, high- 2. Referring what is left of a ruined
to
binder. thing; chiefly in pi., except as used to
rowdylsta, a. disorderly (contextv/J,), ruf- designate a ruined structure as a unit: re-
fianly, rufiianish, hoodlumish (U. S.; mains (pi.; rare); spec, carcass, wreck,
slang or colloq.). ddbris.
Antonyms: see law-abiding, poute, S. bane; referring to what ruins.
REPINED. 4. See HARM.
rowdjrlsm, n. disorderliness (contextiud), ruin, V. t. overthrow, overturn, subvert,
ruffianism, blackguardism, hoodlumism ruinate (rare), sap, wreck, shipwreck,
(U. S.; slang or colloq.), larrikinism damn (ruin spiriluaUy), sink, undo,
(chiefly Australia), ruffianry (rare). break, blast, shatter, mine, lose (chiefly in
rower, n. oarsman, oarman (rare), oar, p. p. "lost"), do (coUoq^.), confound
oarswoman (fern.), benchman (rare); spec. (archaic), cook (slang), diddle (slang),
bowman, bow-oar, stroke, sculler, galley- dish (slang); spec, demolish (fig.), dash;
man. see DESTROY, DEMOLISH, IMPAIR, DESO-
rowing, n. oarage, remigation (rare). LATE.
rowlock, n. oarlock, thole. Antonyms: see save, protect.
royal, a. 1. sovereign; spec, kingly, queen- ruined, a. ruinate (formal or rare), gone
ly, imperial; see noble, kingly. (coUoq.), lost, flat, ruinous.
2. See GENEROUS, IMPOSING. ruinous, a. 1. See ruined.
royalty, n. 1. sovereignty; see monarchy. 2. pernicious, damnatory (spiritually ru-
2. See GENEROSITY. inous), wreckful (archaic); spec, subver-
S. payment; spec, percentage, gale (local sionary, subversive, Cadmean, Pyrrhic;
Eng.). see DiLAPiDATrvE, disastrous, destruc-
rub, V. t. Spec, chafe, fret^ gall, grate, tive.
grind, grit, pumice, frictionize (rare), Antonyms: see beneficial, helpful.
fridge (chiefly dial.), friz, stroke; see rule, n. 1. principle, maxim, regulation,
GRAZE, FRAY, SCRUB, VTIPB. canon, precept, r§glement (French), law,
rub, V. i. Spec, chafe, fret, grate, grind; see axiom, formula (orig. spec), convention;
GRAZE. spec, philosopheme (rare), gnomology
rub, n. 1. chafe, fret, grate, grind, friction (rare), capitular or capitulary; see law,
(rare, exc. of the action); see abrasion, decree, code.
GRAZE. 2. control, dominion, government, gov-
2. See OBSTACLE. ernance (literary or archaic), regnancy
rubber, n. 1. See masseub. (rare), regency (rare), reign (now rare),
2. caoutchouc; spec, ebonite, vulcanite. jurisdiction; spec, lordship, interregnum,
rubber, n. A decisive game: odd; spec. interreign (rare), condominium, raj (An-
bumper. glo-Indian); see monarchy, autocracy.
rubbine, n. friction. 5. See control, habit, ruler.
rubbish, n. 1. stuff, debris, brash, truck rule, V. t. 1. control, govern, judge (Bib.),
or litter; spec, trumpery, rubble; see rep- rein (rare; fig.); spec, lord (rore), king
use. (rare), overlord (rare), misgovern, mis-
2. See NONSENSE. rule.
ruin, n. 1. overthrow, fall, downfall, 2. See control, restrain, decree, de-
wreck, shipwreck, subversion, wrack, cide.
rack (chiefly in "to go to rack arid ruin"). rule, V. i. 1. control, domineer, reign; spec.

t^ Cross references: see Note. oped, artless, discordant.

rudiment: element, beginning.
ance, fight, annoyance, ripple,
ruffle, V, t,: roughen, dishevel,
row, n.; quarrel, disturbance.
rubloon: boundary. rudimental: cf.RTJDtMENTART. disarrange, ripple, annoy.
rubicund: red, red-faced, rudimentary: elementary, in- ruffle, V, i,: ripple,
rubric; heading. itial, imperfect, undeveloped, ruffle, V. i.: swagger, bluster.
rubricate: redden., mark, rue: regret, rufous; red,
ruck: crowd, heap, mob. rueful: lamentable, regretful. rug: coverlet, mat.
ruction: disturbance, rufl: collar, rugged: rough, hardy, unre-
ruddy: red, red-faced, ruffian: viXUK,n, rowdy, fined, austere,
rude: rough, crude, imperfect, ruffianly: viilainous, rowdyish, rugose: wrinkled.
impolite, unrefined, undevel- ruffle, n,: excitement, disturb- ruin, V, i,: decay.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

367
 RULER
monarchize, lord (usedesp. with "it"), roy- running, a. 1. See FI^OWING, HASTY, RAPID,
alize, king (used esp. with "it"), queen CREEPING, SUPPURATIVE, CONSTANT, LIN-
(Msed esp. with "it"). EAR.
2. See PREVAIL. 2. Referring to one that runs: current (now
ruler, n. 1. controller (contextual), lord rare).
(chiefly spec), sovereign, potentate, re- 3. Of handwriting: current, cursive.
gent (rare), sire (rare), gubernator (rare), 4. Of the feet or legs of animals: cursorial.
governor; spec, power, dynast (literary), rural, a. 1. rustic (now rare), country,
dey, interrex, diabolarch, decarch, core- agrarian, bucolic (often humorous), land-
gent, coloniarch (rare), cosmocrat (rare), ward (Scot.), back (usu/iUy disparaging),
cryptarch (rare), Boeotarch, decemir, du- Arcadian (poetic); spec, pastoral, wood-
umvir, triumvir, hierarchy (a collective), land, silvan, sylvan; see agricultural.
ecclesiareh, hierarch, sultan, caliph or Antonyms: see urban.
caUf, tinea, gerent (rare), pendragon, hep- 2.See SIMPLE, artless.
tarch, harmost, meridarch, ethnarch, ex- rush, n. 1. motion (contextual), movement
arch, elector, thalassocrat, tetrarch, khe- (contextual); spec, onrush, precipitancy
dive, emir, sultan, genearch (rare), khan, or precipitance (rare as referring to action),
hakim, decan, hyleg, Kaiser, czar, king; precipitation (learned vr affected), hurry
see CHIEF, GOVERNOR. (rare), brastle (Scot.), debacle, stampede,
Antonyms: see subject. route, tear, spirt, fly, rampage, scutter
2. strip, rule; spec, clicker, straightedge. (colloq.), scurry, onset, swoop, surge,
ruling, o. controlling, governing, regnant, lunge, plunge, estampede (rare), whirl-
regent; spec, ignipotent, omnipotent. wind (fig.), hurry, whish (rare), whir
Antonyms: see strBOBDiNATE. (rare), whiz (rare), dash, start, 61aii
rumble, n. grumble, growl, rumbling; (French).
spec, borborygmus; see resonance, din. 2. See FLOW, migration, haste, body.
rump, n. 1. hip, rumple (Scot. dial. & rush, V. i. move (contextual), speed; spec.
Eng.), posterior (contextual); spec, croup precipitate, career (rhetorical or literary),
or crupper, podex. rouse (rare); charge, sweep, lunge, plunge,
2. See remainder. dive, dash, drive, storm, hurtle, smoke,
run, n. 1. race (obs. or Scot.), cursitation launch, lash (often used with "at"), rage,
(rare); spec, burst, scamper, scud, scour, gush, swoop, dart, bolt, shoot, fling,
scorch, scurry, sprint, scuttle, lope, flut- flounce, spring, hurl, boom, surge, smash
ter (cant), helter-skelter. (colloq.), skelter, scurry, hurry-scurry,
Antonyms: see standstill. helter-skelter, tumble, rampage, clap
2. See GAIT, average, grazing, contin- (rare), hurricane (fig.; rare), whisk, whiz,
uance, SCHOOL, ROLL, TRACK, MELODY, whistle; see flow.
DIRECTION, JOURNEY, TREND, FLOW, Antonyms: see lag.
STREAM, SCORE, MIGRATION, DEMAND, rushing, a. precipitate, precipitant; spec.
COURSE. dashing, tearing, hurtling, helter-skelter,
run, 21. i. 1. go(contextiml), cursitate (rare); etc.
spec, sprint, scour, scorch, scurry, scuttle, rushlike, a. rushy, junciform (tech.).
scud, lope, scamper, bolt, course, career, rust, V. t. corrode (contextual), oxidize (con-
scutter (colloq.), skir (Eng.); see flee. textual).
Antonyms: see walk. rust-colored, a. rusty, rubiginous (tech. or
2. <Seemove, flow, pass, glance, wag learned), ferruginous (tech. or learned).
(of the tongue), boll, flee, extend, rustic, a. 1. See rural.
climb, discharge, creep, coagulate, 2. As suggesting a lack of elegance, refine-
continue, circulate, liquefy, go, mi- ment, eduxation, or, usually, of corwentiorv-
grate, APPLY, READ, AVERAGE, TREND, ally good breeding: country, countrified,
SPREAD, SAIL, CHASE. geojjonic (humorous), farmerish, boorish,
rung, n. stick, round, roundle or rundle loutish, clodhopping (depreciatory), clod-
(ohs. or rare); spec, spoke, stave (now dish (depreciatory), churlish, hobnailed
chiefly dial.), degree (obs., exc. heraldry). (Jig.), clownish, carlish (literary), borrel

K^= Cross references: see Note. rumpus: disturbance. runt: dwarf.

ruminate: consider, chew. runagate: deserter, fugitive, runway: channel.
rummage, n.: refitse. wanderer. ruption: breach,
ruinmage,v,f,: 8earch,examine. runaway: fugitive, deserter, rupture, v, t,: break, buret,
rummage, v. i.: search. eloper. ruse: trick,
rumor: report. runlet: brook, rivulet. rush, V. t,: send, drive, over-
rumple, v. t.: wrinkle, disar- runnel: brook, rivulet. come,
range, runner: racer, messenger, cou- rust, n,: corrosion,
rumple, n.; wrinMe. rier, smuggler, creeper, solicitor. rust, V, t.: corrode.

@° See Notes of Explanation.

368
 —

SAGE
(archaic), swainish {rare),inurban {rare), sacculus, cysticle, foUicle, bursa, bladder,
uplandish {rare), backwoods, woolen theca.
{rare), rurigenous {rare), yokel^h (rare); saccular, a. sachke, saccate, utricular,
spec. Doric. utriculate, vesiculate.
Antonyms: see tjbban, accomplished. sacerdotalism, n. priestism {in hostile
8. See UNREFINED, VTJLGAB, COAS8E, SIM- use); see clericalism.
FLE. sacrament, n. 1. rite; spec, {with most
rustic, n. countryman {masc); peasant, Protestants) baptism, Eucharist; {with
churl, countrywoman {fern.), paysanne others, as before the Reformation and still in
{French; fern.), swain {literary or archaic), the Eastern Church) baptism, confirma-
clown, boor, carl {archaic or Scot.), tion, Eucharist, penance, extreme unc-
rural {rare), ruralist {rare), lout, clout, tion, orders {pi.), matrimony.
hind {literary or historical), nobnail, 2. See RITE.
clodhopper, landman {literary), home- sacrifice, n. 1. Referring to the ad: obla-
spun, chawbacon {vulgar), bumpkin, lob- tion, offer; spec, immolation, libation,
lolly {dial, or vulgar), lob (dial, or vulgar), lustration.
yokel, hayseed {U. S.; humorous), swad 2. victim, offering; spec. libation, heave
{rare), kern {rare), Hodge (a personifica^ offering, host, hostie (archaic), holocaust,
tion). Hob {obs. or archaic; a personificor corban, hecatomb, taurobolium, lustrum,
tion),Joan {fern.; a personification). Jack lectisternium, krioboly, idolothyte {rare),
{Scot.; a personification), Corydon (a per- chiliomb.
sonifi^tion of pastoral poetry after classic 3. See SELF-DENIAL, LOSS.
literature); spec, carter, farmer. sacrifice, v. t. offer, oblate {rare); spec.
Antonyms: see townsman. immolate, libate, holocaust, molochize (o
rusticate, v. i. retire, ruralize. nonce Mse).
rusticate, v. t. 1. rusticize {rare); see pun- sad, a. 1. depressed, pensive, melancholy,
ish, SUSPEND. melanchohc, grievous, disconsolate, trist
S. See COUNTKIFT. {archaic), subtrist {rare; archaic or obs.),
rusticity, n. 1. clownishness, boorishness, uncheerful, joyless, cheerless, mirthless,
churlishness, rurality {rare), rusticness unjoyful (rare), unsportful (rare), dreary
{rare). (archaic); see unhappy, sorrowful.
2. See AWKWARDNESS, IGNORANCE. Antonyms: see amusing, gay, vivacious,
rustle, n. Spec, swish, swish-swash, whis- GLAD.
per, susurration or susurrus {learned), 2. See DISTRESSING, LAMENTABLE, MOURN-
frou-frou {French), bustle, lisp; see mur- FUL, BAD, DULL (colors).
mur. sadden, v. t. distress, depress, contrist {obs.
rustle, V. i. 1. Spec, swish, whisper, bustle, or archaic); see grieve.
lisp; see murmur. Antonyms: see gladden, cheer.
2. iSee HASTEN, BUSTLE. saddle, n. seat (contextual), sell (archaic);
rustling, o. rustly {rare); spec, swishing, spec, pad, bat or (French) bS,t, panel, re-
susurrant or susurrous {rare); see mur- cado (Spanish or Portuguese), demipique,
muring. pillion, somerset.
rusty, a. 1. rusted, rubiginous {rare), fer- saddle horse. Spec, palfrey.
ruginous {tech. or learned). safe, a. 1. <See unharmed, reliable, care-
Z. See RUST-COLORED, GRATING, SHABBY. ful, HARMLESS.
2. secure, unexposed, dangerless, sure
(rare).
Antonyms: see dangerous, unsafe.
Sabbath, n. 1. Lord's day; referring to sale-conduct, n. 1. safeguard, cowlo (An-
the seventh day of the week, or Saturday. glo-Indian).
2. See Sunday. 2. See protection.
sac, n. bag, cyst {often spec.), utricle, ves- safety, n. security, safeness.
ica {tech.), pouch, pocket; spec, saccule or Antonyms: see danger.
13^ Cross references: see Note. sack, V. t.: bag, discharge, safeguard, n.: guard, protector,
rut, n.; cestrus. plunder. protection, safe-conduct.
rut, n..' groove. sack: plunder. [crate. safeguard, v. t.: guard, protect.
ruth; compoBBion. [entable. sacrament, v. t.: bind, conse- safe-keeping: care.
ruthful: compassionate, lam- sacramental: formal, inviolor sag, n.; droop, hollow.
ruthlesss uncompassionate, ble. sag, B. t.: droop. [ing.
cntel. sacred: ?ioly, inviolable. sagacious: intelligent, discem-
sacrilege: desecration. sagacity: intelligence, discern^
saddening: depressing. ment.
sable: Mack. saddle, v. t: harness, bixrSen, sage, a.: wise.
sack, n..* bag. discharge. impose. sage, n.: wiseacre.

tS' See Notes of Explanation.

369
 SAID
said, pret. quoth (archaic). sallow, a. 1. See yellow.
sail, n. 1. rag (derogatory, contexttud), wing, 8. Of the complexion: thick, muddy.
canvas (a collective); spec, flyer, course. Antonyms: see cleab.
2. excursion, cruise; see votagb. saloon, n. 1. See drawing-room, hall.
sail, V. i. 1. navigate, ride [contextiuil); spec. 2. barroom, dramshop, shebeen
bar,
boat, run, make, fetch, spank, coast, (Irish &
Scot.), grogshop (slang or con-
quarter, scud, yacht. temptuous; U. S.), groggery (slang or con-
2. See FLY, GLIDE. temptuous; V. S.), drunkery (rare; con-
sail, 1). t. 1. Referring to a place or region: temptuous), drinkery (rare), exchange (lo-
traverse, navigate, range; spec, circum- cal U. S.), sample room (obsolescent);
navigate, coast. spec, tavern, jerryshop or jerry (Eng.).
S. Referring to a vessel: drive; spec, run, The term "saloon" isan Americanism, arid
pinch. usually carries vrith it a suggestion of cheap-
sailing, n. navigation; spec, voyaging, sea- ness or offensioeness.
faring. salt, a. saline, salty; spec, saltish, brack-
sailor, n. sailer (o6s.), seaman, mariner, ish, briny.
navigator (chiefly spec); spec, hand (con/- salt, V. t. Spec, souse; see fickle.
textual), sea dog (chiefly vrith "old"; coU salutation, n. 1. Spec, salaam, hail, ave,
loq.). Jack Tar (humorous or affected), Ave or (in full) Ave Maria, salute, bow,
vrater dog (coUoq.), true blue (Eng.; a farewell, adieu.
landsman's term), tarpaulin (now archaic 2. See GREETING.
or rare; coiiog.), shellback (sion^), lubber, salute, V. i. 1. Spec, knee, salaam.
bluejacket, runner (cant), lascar (East 2. See GREET.
Indian), privateer, lithsman, gaUongee, salvez-shaped, a. hypocrateriform, salver-
guinea-pig (slang), midshipman, middy form, hjrpocraterimorphous; aU three —
(colloq.), mate, captain, etc. tech.
Antonyms: see landsman. same, a. identical, one, ditto (a commercial
saint, n. Spec, saintling (usually cant), term; colloq. or cant), selfsame, like.
saintess, patron, patroness, pir, saint- Antonyms: see distinct, other, differ-
errant (ironical; obs. or a nonce use), ent.
rishi (Sanskrii). sameness, n. 1. identity, identicalness,
salable, a. vendable, saleable (a variant); oneness, likeness, selfsameness, unity;
spec, marketable, merchantable, commer- spec, connature, connaturalness, con-
ciable (rare), staple. naturality, homogeneity.
Antonyms: see unsalable. Antonyms: see difference.
sale, n. 1. disposal (contextual), trade (con- 2. See monotony.
textual), vendition (rare); spec, retail, example (contextiuil); spec.
sample, n.
wholesale, auction, wash (cant). swatch (cant), relish, prospect;
trypiece,
Antonyms: see btjting. see example.
2. See DEMAND. sanctuary, n. 1. sanctum, sanctorium
salesman, n. seller (rare); spec, clerk (U.S.), (rare); spec. Bethel (fig.), harem, sacra^
counterjumper(sZanff), shopman, drummer. rium, sanctum sanctorum, Holy of HoUes,
saliva, n. water (contextual); spec, froth; Holy Place, oracle; see chancel, altar,
see' SLOBBER, SPIT. SHRINE.
salivate, v. 1. 1. Referring to a person: ptyal- 2. Referring to the inner, or sacred, part of
ize (tech.). a church or temple: spec, cella, adytum,
2. In the sense of "to put saliva upon": in- naos, penetralia (pi.), penetral (rare).
saUvate, wet (contextual). sandy, a. earthy (contextual), gritty, sabu-
salivating, a. salivant, sialagogic (tech. or '
lous (tech.), sabulose (rare); spec, topha-
rare). ceous.

K^^ Cross references: see Note. sajlly, v. i.; issue, burst, start. samely: monotonous.
said: above-mentioned. salon: room, drawing-room, as- sample, v. t.: try,
saint, V. L: canonize. sembly. sanative: curative.
sainted: holy. saltation: dance, jump. sanatorium: healthresort.
saintly: holy. saltatory: dancing, jumping. sanctiflcation: consecration,
salaam, n. & v. i.: bmn, salubrious: healthful. observance, holiness.
salaam, v. t.: salute. salutary: curative, healthful. sanctify: consecrate, observe.
salacious; lascivious. salutation: greeting. sanctimonious: hypocritical.
salary: hire. salutatory: address. sanction, n.: authorization, ap-
salient: projecting. salute, n.: greeting, discharge. proval, confirmation.
salience: projection, salvation: saving. sanction, v. t.: confirm, au-
saline: salt. salve: ointment. thorize, approve, enforce.
salivate: spit. salvo: exception. sanctity; holiness.
sally, n.: issue, flight, hursts ex- salvo: discharge. sanctum: sanctuary.
cursion, outbreak, wHiidsm. salvor: saver. sandwich, v.£..' interpose.

t^° See Notes ot Explanation.

370
 , .

SAVING
sane, a. 1. sound, compos mentis or {Jcr 5. Referring to the satisfying of conditions,
aherl) compos, right; see bational. requirements, etc.: spec, meetmg, answer-
Antonyms: see dekanged. ing, fulfillment, discharge.
S. See REASONABLE. satisfactory, a. 1. See adequate, con-
sanitary, a. sanitarian, hygiastic (rare), vincing.
hygienic, hygeic {rare). 2. good, well {used predicatiody); see
Antonyms: see unheauthful. pleasant, comfortable.
sanity, n. 1. See health. satisflable, a. Spec, appeasable, satiable,
2. soundness, saneness, Tightness (rare), placable.
balance; see reason. satisfied, a. 1. content; see contented,
Antonyms: see derangement. pleased.
sap, juice (contextiuil), blood {literary;
71. Antonyms: see discontented.
fig.); spec, latex, milk. 2. sated, satiate {rare), satiated {rare),
sarcasm, n. 1. quip, cut, nip, hit, stroke, full {chiefly archaic or vidgar).
braid {obs^); see jeer. satisfy, V. 1. 1. See pay, convince.
S. See abuse, acrimony. 2. Referring to a person or the mind: full
sarcastic, a. sarcastical {rare), piercing, (rore), sate, glut, satiate {rare); spec, con-
abusive {contextual), ^.crimonious, slash- tent; see PLEASE, pacify, appease.
ing, biting, cutting, mordant, sharp; spec. 8. Referring to saiisfacHon of wishes, de-
ironical; see satiric. sires, etc.: appease; spec, meet, sate, sa-
sash, n. The frame for a loirtdow: frame tiate, glut, fulfill, answer; see grant.
{contextual), casement. 4. Referring to the saiisfaclion of condi-
satire, n. 1. See ridicule. tions, requirements, etc., to he met: spec.
2. Referring to a particular ridiaiMng com- meet, answer, fulfill, discharge.
position: spec, lampoon, pasquU, pas- saturate, v. t. fill, imbue (rare), supersat-
quinade, skit, squib. urate; see IMPREGNATE.
satiric, a. satirical, sarcastic {corvtexlual) sauce, n. 1. dressing; spec, vinaigrette, dip
Juvenalian {rare); spec, cynic, ironical, {local Eng. and U. S.), gravy, velout^
Pantagruelian; see ridiculing. {French).
satirical, a. 1. See satiric. 2. iSee IMPUDENCE.
2. Of persons: spec, cynic. sausage-shaped, a. botuliform (tech.).
satirist, n. iambist {hist.), sillograph {rare; saut£, V. t. fry {contextual), toaa, jump {rare)
chiefly spec.); spec, lampoonist, pasquin- savage, n. savagess {fern.); spec, barba-
ader, Pantagruelist. rian, Goth (%.), Hun {fig.), vandal {fig.),
satirize, v. t. lash {contexttud; fig.); spec. Tartar {fig.).
lampoon, pasquinade ; see abuse, ridicule . save, V. t. 1. keep {contextual), preserve;
satisfaction, n. 1. See payment, pay, ex- spec, rescue, recover, snatch, redeem, de-
piation, redress, conviction. liver, salve, salvage (rare); see deliver.
2. Referring to sati^ying a person or the Antonyms: see ruin, wreck.
mind: spec, contentment, contentation 2. See protect, preserve, keep, pre-
(rare), satiation. vent, STINT.
8. Referring to the fact or state of being 8. keep, hoard, store.
satisfied: spec, contentment (a kss ab- 4. Referring to the protecting or keeping from
stract or generic word than "content"), fatigue, wear, etc.: favor (coUoq.), spare.
satiety; see pleasure. saver, n. preserver, salvor, Savior or Sav-
Antonyrns: see discontent. iour {chiefiy cap. and used of Christ).
4. Referring to sati^ying of wishes, de- saving, n. 1. keeping {contextual), preserva-
meeting, sating, satiation,
sires, etc.: spec, tion; spec, rescue, salvation, recovery, re-
appeasement, fulfillment, answering; see demption, salvage.
GRANT. Antonyms: see ruin.
t^" Cross references: see Note. sapor: taste. sauce, V. t.: insult.
onguinary: bloodyt blood- sardonic: ridiculing. saucebox: jackanapes.
'

thirsty. sash: scarf, girdle. saucer: dish.

sanguine: red^hopefut. Satan: devH. sauciness: impudence.
sanguineous: hloady, red, Satanic: devilish. saucy: impudent, smart.
bloodthirsty, hopeful. satchel: haridhag. saunter, v. i.: stroll.
sangulnolent: bloody. sate: satisfy, surfeit. saunter, n.; gait, stroll.
anttarlum: health resort. sated: full, satisfied. savage, a.: wild, uncivilized,
sanitate: cure, disinfect. satellite: adherent, planet. fierce, cruel, rough.
sap, V. t.: urtdermine, deeiroy, satiate: surfeit. savannah: prairie.
ruin. satiated: full, saOsJied. savant: scholar.
sapid: palatable. ,
satiety: fullness, surfeit, save, V. i.: economize.
sapience: wisdom. satisfy, v. i.: suffice. save, prep.: except.
sapient: wise. saturnalia: festival, earouae, save-all: receptacle.
saponaceous: soapy. saturnine: depressed, duU. saving, prep.: except.

fS^ See Notes of Explanation.

371
 — — —

SAVIOR
8. See PEOTECTION, PRESERVATION, EX- scalp, n. epicranium (tech.).
CEPTION. scaly, u. squamous, ramentaceous Q)ot.),
3. thrift; see economy. scutate (chiefly zool.), imbricate (having
4. In pi.: store, hoard, thrift (archaic). overlapping scales); see scurfy.
Antonyms: see waste. scanty, a. 1. meager, scant, poor (context-
savor, V. i. In ike sense of "to show the in- vul), scrimpy, scrimp, pinched, spare,
fluence of or presence of": relish, smack; sparing, skimp, exiguous (rare), exile (ar-
used with "of." chaic), frugal; spec, niggard, stingy, nig-
say, n. 1. See dictum. gardly.
2. voice, floor {cant); spec, vote; used Antonyms: see abundant, totstinted.
with "to have," or "to have no." 2. See deficient, narrow.
saying, n. 1. <See pronunciation, recita- scar, n. cicatrix (tech.), cicatrice (rare);
tion. spec, cicatricle, hilum.
2. expression {contesiual), statement {covr sear, v. t. cicatrize, disfigure (contextual)i
textual); spec, apothegm, epigram, log- spec. pit.
ion; see dictum, witticism. scarecrow, n. 1. deedman (dud.).
3. proverb, adage, saw, mot (archaic, lit- 2. See BOGY.
erary, or considered as French), byword, scarf, n. 1. sash; spec, comet; see girdle.
commonplace, gnome (rare), text (rare), 2. Referring to a broad strip worn variously
diet (obs. or archaic); spec, maxim, apho- for ornament or comfort: spec, fichu, muf-
rism, epigram, precept, apothegm. fler, rebozo (Spanish), cloud, throw, veil,
scab, n. 1. slough, crust, eschar (tech.). tippet, tallith, lambrequin.
2. As used by trade-unionists: rat, knob- scarlet, a. red (contextual) i bow-dyed
stick (Eng.), blackleg, snob (dial. Eng.). (Eng.; rare), cochineal, Babylonian or
scab, V. i. slough, crust, incrust (contextual; Babylonic (cf. Reo. xvii: \; literary); spec.
literary or learned). pink (card).
scabby, a. scald (archaic), sloughy. scatter, v. i. separate (contextual), dis-
scale, n. 1. Referring to a balance: pan, perse, dispel, diffuse, dissipate, dissemi-
dish, basin. nate (fig. or spec); spec, strew, shake,
2. In pi.: balance, beam (fl^.); spec. spread, spill, shed, sprinkle, broadcast,
trebuchet. sow, ted (often fig.), rout, melt, strow, ra-
scale, n. 1. squama (tech.), lamella (tech.), diate, spatter, sparse (rare), litter, resolve,
plate, flake; spec, urostege, cinder; see disband, dot; see interpose, sprinkle,
lamina. spray, distribute.
2. See film. Antonyms: see gather, collect, ac-
3. In botany:spec, hull, ramentum, lodi- cumulate, concentrate, convene, con-
cule, palea, pale, bract. verge.
scale, n. 1. In music: genus (ancient Greek scatter, v. i. disperse, dissipate; spec.
music); spec, gamut, mode, diapason, melt, dissolve, spread, radiate, lift; see
tetrachord, pentachord, hexachord, etc. STREW, STROW, SPATTER, SPILL, DISBAND.
2. See SERIES, standard, proportion. Antonyms: see meet, gather, congre-
scale, V. 1. 1. unscale (rare). gate, CONVENE, converge, CROWD.
2. flake. scattered, a. diffuse, strewn, strown, dis-
scale, V. i. desquamate (tech.), shed, ex- sipated, disseminated; spec, dispersed,
foliate, flake, pill (of skin, bark, etc.). broadcast, etc.; see inpreqitent.
scalelike, a. squamous, squamoid, squami- Antonyms: see collective, bunchy.
form; all three tech. scattering, a. dispersive, dispeUent (rare),
scaling, n. flaking, p^eUng, desquamation diffusive, dissipative; spec, discutient,
(tech.). resolvent.

K^° Cross references: see Note. scale, 11. i.: rise. scant, a.: deficient, scanty, nar-
savior, saviour; saver. scallop, V. t.: indent. row.
savor, n.: taste, trace. scalloped: crenate. scant, V. t.: stint.
savor, V. t.: taste. scamp, n..' rascal. scantily: poorly.
savorous: palatable. scamp, V. t.: slight. scapegrace: rascal.
savory: palatable, odorous. scamper, v. i.: run. scar, n.: cliff.
savour, variant of savor. scamper, n.: flight. scarce: deficient, infrequent.
saw: saying. scampish: rascally. scarcity: deficiency, fewness.
say-so, 71.: dictum. scan : analyze, examine, consider. scare, n.: fear.
scabbard, n.: sheath. scandal: discredit. scare, v. t.: frighten.
scabbard, v. ^.* sheathe. scandalize: disparage, shock, scarf, n.: joint.
scabrous: rough, harsh. defame. scarify: scratch, cut.
soaSpId: platform. scandalous: discreditable, de- scarry: precipitous.
scald, V. t.: bum, boil. famatory, abusive. scary: alarming.
scald, a.: scabby, contemptible. scansion: analysis. scathe: harm.
scale, V. t.: climb. scansorial: climbing. scatheless: unharmed.

m'i Notes of Explanation.

372
 — ;

SCORIACEOCS
scattering, n. separation (contextual), dis- 2. Referring (o what is given to a scholar for
persion, dispelling, diffusion, etc. Cf. his maintenance: spec, fellowship, bursary.
SCATTER. 8. See learning.
Antonyms: see coli-ection, meeting, school, n. I. phrontistery (fig. and uMudly
CONVENTION. contemptuous or humorous); spec, kinder-
scene, n. 1. Referring to a piece of theatrical garten, primary school, common school,
property used in making up the pretended grade school, high school, junior high
view: scenery (collective); spec, profile, school, junior college, academy, institute,
hanging, slide, curtain, fiat, eta. lyceum, lyc6e (French), seminary, college,
2. Spec, panorama, tableau, phantasma^ university, conservatory, gymnasium
goria or (rare) phantasmagory, pageant; (Continental Europe).
see PICTXTRE, SITUATION, VIEW. 2. See exercise, manage, sect, group.
S. See DISTURBANCE, OCCURRENCE. school, n. 1. Referring esp. to fish or ceta-
scenery, n. 1. See scene. ceans: shoal, run (chiefly spec); spec, gam,
2. view; spec, landscape, seascape. pod (of seals or whales), herd.
scent, V. t. 1. smell; spec, wind; chiefly re- 2. See flock.
ferring to animals, as dogs. schoolman, n. Hist.: scholastic.
2. See FOLLOW, track. schooner, n. Spec, jack, tern, quart,
scent, V. t. perfume, fume (rare), odorize quint, sext.
(rare); spec, incense, cense (rare), fumi- science, n. 1. See knowledge.
gate (literary), embalm; see fumigate. 2. Referring to a branch or knowledge: dis-
scepter, n. 1. rod (contextual); spec, bau- cipline (archaic); spec, trivium (o collec-
ble, mace. tive), quadrivium (o collective).
2. See supremacy. scissors, n. pi. f orfex (humorously pedantic)
scheming, a. Spec, designing, planning, spec, shears (more common than scissors in
diplomatic; see calculating. dignified metaphor).
schismatic, a. nonjuring, nonconformist. scissorsllke, a. forficate or forficated
schismatic, n. separatist, nonjuror, non- (tech.).
conformist, sectary (chiefly hist.), secta- scold, v. i. chide, row (slang), rail, storm;
rian (chiefly hist.). see complain.
scholar, n. student, learner, pupil, dis-
1. scold, V. t. reprove (contextual), chide, rate,
ciple (archaic, rhetorical, or jocidar, exc. berate, dress (coUoq.; chiefly with "down"),
spec.), rapin (French); spec, classman, trim (slang or coUoq.), wig (coUoq.), huff
sophomore, freshman, junior, senior, (rare), bounce (colloq.; rare), tongue (ar-
schoolboy, schoolgirl, graduate (U. S.), chaic or colloq.), score (U. S.; coUoq.),
postgraduate (orig. U. S.; a more common strafe (colloq.), row (slang).
term than "graduate"), grade (a collective), Antonyms: see praise.
master, monitor, bluecoat (Eng.), Bursch scolding, n. reproof (contextual), rating,
(Ger.), demy (Oxford University; Eng.). dressing (colloq.; chiefly wUh "down"),
2. savant (masc; chiefly spec), savante wigging (coUoq.), trimming (colloq. or
(fern.; chiefly used of Frenchwomen; slang).
French), clerk (archaic), bookman (rare), Antonyms: see praise.
doctor (archaic), polyhistor (rare), poly- scope, n. 1. reach, range, field, purview,
math (rare); spec. Greek, Grsecist, Hebra- sphere, stretch, limit, bound, tether (fig.),
ist, moolvee (East Indian), pundit (Hin- ampUtude, span, extension, diapason
du), philologist, ethnologist, etc. (fig.); spec, incidence.
Antonyms: see ignoramus, blockhead. 2. See EXTENT, area, room, opportunity.
scholarship, n. 1. studentship (rare), pu- score, n. 1. See notch, mark, line, ac-
pilage, pupilship (rare), discipleship (rare count, charge, RECORD, MATTER, REA-
or spec), disoipulate (rare). SON, TWENTY.
1^" Cross references: see Note.
 . ,

SCORN
2. Againing of a point, or a partiadar scratchy, a. rough (contextual), scrapy,
amount scored: spec, duck's egg or duck rasping, abradent (learned or tech.).
egg (slang), goose egg (slang), run, notch Antonyms: see smooth.
(rare), bye, hole, bogy, love, string, etc. scrawl, V. t. 1. See scribble.
scorn, n. 1. See contempt. 2. Referring to drawing, painting, etc.:
2. Referring to what is despised: scoff. scratch, scrabble.
Scotsman, n. Scotchman, Scot, Sawney scrawl, n. 1. See scribble.
(eolloq. arid derisive). 2. Referring to a delineation or picture:
Scottish, o. Scotch, Scots, Caledonian scratch, scrabble.
(poetic or rhetorical) scream, v. i. <& t. cry (contextual), shout
scour, V. t. 1. rub (contextual); spec, holy- (contextual), screech, screak (rare), ululate
stone, scrape, fettle; see polish. (rare; chiefly spec); spec, scritch (ar-
2. See REMOVE, CLEAB, WASH, EVACUATE, chaic), squall, squawk, squeal, shriek.
CLEAN, SWEEP. scream, n. cry (contextual), shout (context- ,

scramble^ n. 1. See contention. vol), screech, screak (rare), ululation

2. scrabble, sprawl, clamber. (rare; chiefly spec); spec, squall, squeal,
scramble, v. i. t. See contend. squawk, scritch (archaic), shriek.
2. scrabble, scrawl (obs. or dial.), sprawl; screamy, a. screechy (eolloq.), ululant
see clamber. screaky (rare).
(chiefly spec),
scrape, v. t. 1. abrade (formal or tech.); screen, n. Spec, curtain, medium, sconce,
1.
spec, rake, rasp, grind, grate, scrabble, blind, blindage, blinding, shade, tat or
scuff, file, bark, sclaff, squilgee, paw, tatty (East Indian), shield; see protec-
curry; see graze, scratch, scoub. tion.
Antonyms: see smooth. 2. partition (contextual); spec, parclose,
2. See ACCtTMULATE. iconostasis, reredos, mask, lattice.
scrape, n. 1. scraping (referring to the ac- scribble, v. i. & t. 1. write (coniextual)
tion; "scrape" refers esp. to a single act), scrawl, scrabble, scratch.
abrasion; spec, attrition, scratch, grind, scribble, n. scrawl, scrabble, scratch,
grate, scrabble, rasp, rake, scuff, file, scribblement (rare); spec, pothook.
sclaff; see graze, scratch, scotir. 2. See composition.
2. Referring to the effect of the act: break scribbly, a. scrawly.
(conlextxud), abrasion, rub (contextual); scrimmage, n. 1. See CONTEST, FIGHT,
ipec. gall, raw, fleck, fox. disturbance.
3. See BOW, predicament. 2. In football: mM6e (French); spec bully
scratch, v. t. 1. scrape (contextual); spec. (Eton football), rush (U. S.), rouge (Eton
bescratch, scrabble, furrow, scarify, rake, school; Eng.).
rasp, score, claw, bite (often fi,g.), race, Scripture, n. 1. Word (loith "the"), Bible,
card; see graze. Holy Writ, Book (with "the"). Often used
Antonyms: see smooth. in pi., "Scriptures," and with "the" pre-
2. See scrawl, scribble. fixed.
scratch, n. 1. scrape (contextual); spec. 2. Referring to any sacred writings: oracles
rake, rasp, scarification, claw; see graze. (pi.), canon.
2. Referring to the effect of the act: mark scroll, n. 1. See roll, iist.
{contextual), line (contextual), scrape (con- 2. Referring to a convoluted or spiral orna-
textual); spec, furrow (contextual), stri- ment: cartouche; spec, volute.
ation. 3. Referring to a ribbonlike strip, often
3. See grate, fight, scribble, scrawl. bearing a motto: spec, escroll.

XW Cross references: see Note. scrabble, n.: scrawl, scribble. screw, n.; twist, spiral, distor-
scorn, V. t.: contemn. scrabble, V.Z.: scribble, scramble. tion, niggard, pressure.
scornful: contemptuoits. scrabble, v. t.: scrawl, scratch. screw, V. t.: attach, fasten,
scotch, n.: cut. line. scrag: skeleton. stretch, strain, propel, oppress,
scotch, V. t.: cut, gash. scraggy: rough, thin. extort, press, twist, distort.
scotch, n. & V. t.: block. scrap : food, piece. screw-shaped; spiral.
scoundrel; rascal. scrap : contest, fight. scribe, n.: clerk, amanuensis,
scoundrelly: rascaUy. scrappy: unconnected. author.
scour, n.: run. scrapy: abrasive, grating. scribe, v. t.: mark.
Boour, V. i.: run. scrawly: scribbly. scrimp, a.: scanty.
scour, V. t.: traverse. scrawny; thin. scrimp, v. t.: stint.
Bcour, V. t.; evacuate. screak, n.: scream, grating, scrimp, v. i.: economize.
scourge, n.: lash, calamity. creak. scrimp3f: scanty.
scourge, v. t.: lash. SDTea\t,v.i.: scream, grate, creak. scringe, v. i.: shrink.
scout, 71.,* survey, VKLtcher. screech: scream, creak. scrip, 7t.,* handbag.^
scout, V. i.: watch. screed: list, composition. scrip, n.; certificate.
BContfV.t.; ridicule, reject. screen, v. t.: protect, hide, shade, script; handwriting.
scow: lighter, punt. shelter. sorivener: clerk, ajnanu^nsis,
scowl; frown. screened: sheltered, hidden. copyist.

K^^ See Notes of Explanation.

374
 .

SEAT
scrub, V. t. rub (contexttud); spec, pumice, seal, V. 1. 1, sieillate (rare), obsignate (rare);
holystone. spec, enseal (orcAaic).
scrupulous, a. 1. apprehensive, strict, Antonyms: «ee unseal.
queasy, nice, meticulous (literary), punc- 2. jSee CONFIRM, authenticate, fasten,
tilious, religious. FIX.
Antonyms: see unprincipled. seam, n. 1. juncture (contextual), junction
2. See CONSCIENTIOUS, FASTmiOUS, HES- (contextual), line (contextual); spec, su-
ITATING, EXACT. ture, commissure, raphe, cicatrix, furrow,
scullion, n. servant {(xntextiuil), marmiton harmonia.
(French). 2. See interspace, ridge.
sculptor, n. artist (contextml) sculptress seam, v. t. line (contextual); see furrow.
,

(fern.),insculptor (rare); spec, statuary. seamanship, n. navigation, seacraft (rare),

sculpture, n. I. sculpturing, sculpturation search, v. t. 1. examine (contextual), en-
(rare); spec, toreutics; see carving, search (archaic), rake (spec, or fig.), ex-
MOLDING. plore (literary or rare); spec, ransack,
2. piece (contextual), figure (contextwd); rummage, hunt, ferret (rare), seek (now
spec, relief, bas-relief, statuary, figurine, rare), sweep, drive, draw, drag.
bust, torso, grotesque, marble, glyph; see 2. See investigate, seek.
STATUE. search, v. i. explore (contextual); spec.
sculpture, v. t. carve (contextual), insculp hunt, ransack, rummage, seek, grub,
(rare), insculpture (rare), sculpt (rare or grope, rake, nose, pry, quest, mouse, for-
jocular), sculp (coUoq. or jocular); spec. age, delve, drag, draw, fossick (Austra-
statue (rare); see mold. lia); see GROPE, investigate.
sculptured, a. carved, glyphic (rare). search, n. 1. examination (contextiud), ex-
sc;uin, V. i. despumate (rare or tech.). ploration; spec, hunt, quest, research,
scurf, n. scales (pi.); spec. dandruS or rummage, perquisition (rare), scrutation
dandriff, furfur. (rare),beat-up, battue (French), jerque,
scur*y,a. scaly, impetiginous(<ecft.), scruffy, pursuit (used with "of"). "Search is
f arreous (rare), f urf uraceous (chiefly med.) used with "for."
scurvy, n. scorbutus (tech.). 2. See INVESTIGATION.
sea, n. 1. ocean, main (poetic), deep (poetic searching, a. 1. sharp (contextual), scruti<
or rhetorical; used with "the"), orine nous, scrutinizing.
(chiefly poetic; iised with "the"), blue (po- 2. See ATTENTIVE, DISCERNING, SHARP.
etic; used with "the"), wave (poetic; used seasickness, n. nausea (contextual), mal-
with "the"), pond (humorous; used with de-mer (French).
"the"), herring pond (humorous; usedunth season, n. I. period (corUextual); spec.
"the"); spec, archipelago, hyaline (poetic; spring, summer, autumn, winter, harvest.
used with "the"), oflSug, mediterranean 2. See TIME.
(rare). seat, n. 1. sitting (rare or spec.); spec.
Antonyms: see land. chair, cathedral, divan, bench, bleacher
2. See LAKE, wave. (U. S.), ottoman, howdah, bottom, box,
seacoast, n. seashore, seaboard, seaside gradin or gradine, thwart, bank (archaic,
(chiefly spec.), ripe (rare). exc. of a seat for rowers), dicky box or (for
seal, n. I. sigU (rare), cachet (French; often short) dicky (skmg), tribunal, thronelet,
spec.); spec, bull or bulla, signet, cocket settee, stall, stool, form, throne, sofa, sad-
(Eng.), chop (India, China, etc.), wafer, dle,pew.
impression. 2.See BUTTOCKS, capital, PLACE, COUN-
2. See STAMP, CONFIRMATION, EVIDENCE. TRY HOUSE.
1^" Cross references: see Note. scry: cry8tab.gaze. scurry, v. i.: run, rush, hasten.
scrub, n.: bruahwood. wretch. Bcryer: crystal^gazer. scurvy: paltry, mean.
scrub, work.
V. t.: scud, n.; run, doud, shower, scuttle: run.
scrubby: dwarfs shabby, bushy. wind, spray. sea, a.: marine.
Borufl: nap^. scud, V. i.: run, sail, drive, seaboard: seacoast.
scrunch, v. t.: biie, crush, speed. seaman: sailor.
crunch. scufl, n.; nape. stance: meeting.
orunoh, v. i.: grate. scuff: scrape, shuffle. sear: dry, bum, blight.
scruple, n.; hesitation. scuffle: contest, fight. seashore: seacoast.
oruple, t. >.: hesitate. souU, n..' oar. seaside: sick.
flcratlnise: examine, investi' scull, v. t. & t: row. season, v. t.: flavor, acctimatizet
gate. scum, n..' film, foam, dregs, cure, preserve, enliven.
sorutinixing; cunous, search- dross. seasonable: timely.
ing. scurrility: abuse; also cf. seasonal: periodic.
sorutlnous: searching. COARSE (for coarseness). seasoning, n.: flavoring, ad-
scrutiny: examiruUion, invesii- seurrilous: coarse, abusive. mixture.
gatitm. scurry, n.: run, rush, flight. seasoning, a.: flavoring.

(^ See Notes of Explanation.

376
 .

SEAT
seat, V. 1. 1. accommodate (coniextiud), set; 2. Referring to the physiological action:
spec, bench, throne, cushion. separation, production (rare), secernment
2. To cause to be seated: set. (rare)
3.In the passive: see lie. S. Referring to what is secreted: product
seaward, adi). seawards (less common than (contextual), secrement (obs. and rare);
"seaward"), offshore, off, oceanward, spec, lymph, saUva, juice, bile, gall, chyle,
oceanwards, offward or offwards {rare). chyme, sweat, urine; see excretion.
Antonyms: see landward. secretive, a. private; see reticent.
seaweed, n. fucus (tech.), ooze (rare); spec. secretly, adv. 1. Cf. hidden.
wrack, fucoid, dulse, kelp, tang, tangle, 2. Referring rather to the mind's intent:
whipcord, ware. inly, privily (literary or archaic), clandes-
seclude, v. t. withdraw {contextiud), se- tinely, etc.
quester (now rare, exc. spec.); spec, em- sect, n. division (contextual), school, schism,
bower (literary). faction, heresy (obs. or rare); see denom-
Antonyms: see expose. ination.
secluded, a. remote, retired, secret, cov- sectarian, a. sectarial, schismatic; see de-
ert, sequestered, private (archaic), secluse nominational.
(rare), recluse (rare), solitary, hidden; secularize, v. t. laicise; spec, deconsecrate
spec, screened, outlying, back. (rare).
secondary, a. 1. subordinate, collateral, by secure, v. t. In commercial use: margin.
or bye, second-rate, subsidiary; see in- security, n. 1. See carelessness, safety,
direct. HARMLESSNESS, FIRMNESS, PLEDGE, GAGE,
Antonyms: see chief. GITARANTY.
2. iSeeAirxiLiABT. 2. surety; spec, pledge, collateral, share,
secrecy, n. 1. See hiddenness, reticence, bond, consol, debenture, mortgage, scrip,
RETIREMENT, CONPIDENTIALNBBS. floater, margin.
2. concealment, clandestineness (rare), sedative, a. assuaging, assuasive, soothing,
mystery, furtiveness, surreptitiousness, calmative (chiefly med.), calmant (med.).
stealthiness, covertness, hugger-mugger Antonyms: see stimulating, exciting.
(archaic or vuigar), cabbalism (slang). seduce, v. t. 1. betray, debauch, ruin (a
secret, a. 1. See hidden, reticent, se- woman); see violate.
cluded, CONFIDENTIAL. 2. Referring to what seduces: see attract.
2. Referring to actions, conduct, agreements, seduction, n. betrayal, debauchment, ruin,
etc., done with the intention of concealment; ruination; see violation.
the motive being more emphasized than the see, V. t. 1. perceive (contextual), sight, vi-
residt, which may not be achieved: furtive, sion (rare), ken (archaic), behold (formal
concealed, clandestine, surreptitious, dark, or archaic); spec, survey, discern, distin-
covert; see stealthy. guish, view, descry (literary), espy, wit-
Antonyms: see frank. ness, spot (slang), glimpse, drink (chiefly
secret, n. 1. secrecy (archaic), concealment with "in"; fig.), notice, contemplate; see
(obs.); spec, riddle, mystery, deep. MAKE.
2. See ESSENTIAL, EXPLANATION, CONFI- 2. See PERCBrvB, notice, learn, escort,
DENCE. MEET, READ, EXPERIENCE, EXAMINE, IN-
secretary, n. scribe (ancient his-
1. clerk, SURE, CONSIDER.
tory), scrivener (learned or tech.); spec. seed, n. 1. seedling, grain; spec, stone, pip,
protonotarv. pippin (obs. or dial.), gin, nucule, grape-
2. bureau (contextual), desk, -wTiting desk, stone; see GRAIN.
secretaire (French). 2. See GERM, OFFSPRING.
secretaryship, n. secretariat. seek, V. t. t. search (rare and poetic, exc. with
secrete, v. t. 1. See hide, appropriate. "out"); spec, hunt, court (fig.), woo (fig.).
2. secern, produce (rare), separate (corir- 2. In the sense of "to try to obtain": pursue,
textual). court (fig.), woo (ji^.),
secretion, n. 1. See appropriation, hiding. 3. iSee ENDEAVOR.
H^^* Cross references: see Note.
 SELFISHNESS
seem, t>.appear, show {cottoq.), look
i.
{orig. spec), beseem (rare or archaic);
spec, read, feel.
seer, n. 1. See spectator.
2. Spec, speculator (obs. or archaic), rishl
{Sanskrit); see clairvoyant, crystal-
gazer, PROPHET.
seesaw, n. teeter {U. S. and dial. Eng.).
seesaw, f. i. t. teeter (U. S. and dial. Eng.),
teetertotter (i7. S. and dial. Eng.).
2. In cards, referring to alternate taking of
tricks by partners: crossruff (tech.), saw.
seize, v. t. I. In law: see invest.
2. Referring to taking possession of by legal
process: spec, sequester, sequestrate, ex-
tend, impound, distrain, distress, arrest;
see IMPRESS, confiscate.
8. take (contextual), hent (orc^tc), pos-
sess (archaic), apprehend (archaic); spec.
snatch, catch, clutch, grab, grip, clasp,
gripe (chiefly literary), clench, clinch
(IT. S.), grapple, snap, rape (literary),
pounce (often fig.), swoop (often fig.), hook,
grabble (rare), braid (obs.), nab (slang or
colloq.), nip (chiefiy dial, or slang), nobble
(slang), cleek (Eng. dial.), deck (chiefly
dial.), cly (thieves' cant), tail, finger (ar-
chaic), bag, intercept, chop, tong, foot.
4. See GRIP, FASTEN, CATCH, CAPTURE, AF-
FECT, PERCEIVE, TTNDERSTAND, USE, USURP.
seizure, n. 1. Spec, sequestration, caption
(esp. Scots law), extent, distress, confisca-
tion; see IMPRESSMENT, ARREST.
2. taking, apprehension (archaic); spec.
snatch, grab, ^ip, clutch, snap, ereption
prehension; see interception.
(rare),
8. See GRIP, catch, capture, percep-
tion, UNDERSTANDING, USB, USURPATION.
self-approval, n. self-commendation, self-
approbation; spec, self-applause, self-
conceit, self-admiration, elation (now
rare); see self-satisfaction.
sell-assertive, a. assured, positive, bump-
tious (colloq.), robustious (literary), dog-
matic or dogmatical" spec, forward, perky
€T perk.
Antonyms: see obsequious, abject.
seU-begotten, a. self-produced, autoge- selfishness, n. self-interest, self-partiality
neal (rare), autogenous (chiefiy tech.), sdf- (rare), self-regard, self-love, egoism (eth-
begot (rare), self-born.
self-control, n. reserve, restraint, self-
restraint, possession (rare), self-govern-
ment (rare), control, self-possession, self-
command, retenue (French; rare); spec.
constraint, collection, patience, conti-
nence, self-repression, coolness, retention
(rare); see calm.
Antonyms: see excitement, confusion.
self-controlled,a.reserved,seif-restrained,
restrained; spec, imdemonstrative, self-
possessed, cool, collected, recollected
(rare), continent, patient; see calm.
Anionyms: see excited, confused.
self-deception, n. self-delusion, self-abuse
(rare).
self-denial, n. sacrifice, self-sacrifice, self-
giving, renunciation, self-remmciation;
spec, kenosis.
Antonyms: see selfishness.
self-existence, n. absoluteness, aseity
(tech.), autotheism, innascibility (rare),
perseity (rare).
self- existent, a. absolute, ingenerate, in>
nascible (rare), unoriginal (rare), unorig-
inated (rare), uncreated, un begotten.
self-governing, a. autonomous.
self- gratifying, a. self-indulgent.
Antonyms: see abstemious, ascetic,
austere.
selfhood, n. selfdom, proprium (learned),
seity (rare), ipseity (rare).
self-importance, n. importance (cnntixt-
mrf);spec.arrogance,vaingloriousness,con-
sequentialness, consequence, pomposity,
stiltedness, self-consequence, consequen-
tiaUty (rare).
self-important, a. consequential; spec.
pompous, arrogant, vainglorious, cocky
(colloq.; mostly a schoolboy term).
Anionyms: see obsequious.
selfish, a. self-centered, self-interested,
sordid (literary), mercenary (fig.), egoistic
(learned), self-regarding (learned); spec.
factious, piggish (contemptiums; colloq.),
hoggish (very contemptiums; colloq.); see
EGOISTIC.
Antonyms: see unselfish, generous.
ics), self-centration (rare), selfism (rare).

^f* Cross references: see Note. selsmlo: vibrational. proval.

seeming: apparent.
seeming: appearance.
seemingness: appearance.
Beemliness: good-lookingnesa.
seemly: good-looking, becoming.
seepage: drainage.
seethe: hoU.
segment, n.; part, division.
segment, v. t.: divide.
segmentation: division.
segregate: separate.
seignior: lord.
seigniory: lordship.
seine: net.
seizing, a.: prehensile.
seldom: infrecently.
select, a.: chosen, choice.
select, V. t.: choose.
selection: choice, potation.
selective: choosing.
self-acting: automatic.
self -admiration : self-approvai.
conceit.
self-approbation: conceit, self-
approval.
self-assertion: arrogance.
self-assured: assured.
self-commendation: self-ap-
self-complacency: conceit.
self-conceit: conceit.
self-conceited: conceited.
self-confidence: assurance,
confidence.
self-confident: assured.
self-conscious: conscious.
self- contradictory: absurd.
self-esteem: conceit, pride.
self-evident: axiomatic.
self-gratification: indvlgence.
self-indulgence: indulgence.
self-interest: selfishness.
self-interested: selfish.

1^^ See Notes of Explanation.

377
 SELF-MADE
selfness (rare), suicism {rare), selffulness senior, n. 1. See scholar.
(rare); spec, piggishness or {rare) piggery 2. dean, elder; spec, doyen {French).
{contemptuous; coUoq.), hoggishness {very Antonyms: see junior.
contemptuous; coUoq?); see egoism. sensation, n. 1. feeling, sense {usually with
Antonyms: see sbli^dbnial, gbnbkos- "of"), impression; spec, creep, crawl, aura.
ITT. 2. See FEEL, emotion, PERCEPTION, CON-
self-made, a. Spec, self-educated, seK- SCIOUSNESS.
taught, autodidact. 3. Referring to exciied feeling: excitement,
seU-moTing, n. locomotor {rare), motile; impression, thrill, yellowness {slang).
see ATTTOMATIC, AUTOMOBIIiE. sensational, a. I. sense {the noun used at-
seU-moTing, a. motile, locomotory {rare), tributively), sensory, sensible, sensitive, sen-
locomotive; spec, self-acting, self-active; satory, sensative {rare), sensatorial {rare).
see ATTTOMATIC, AUTOMOBILE. 2. impressive, thrilling, thrillful {rare),
self-regard, n. egoism {ethics); spec, self- lurid {chiefly disparaging), j^eUow {slang);
pity; see SELFISHNESS. spec, sensationish {rare), spicy.
self-righteous, o. Pharisaean {rare), Phar- senseless, a. 1. See insensible, unwise,
isaic, Pharisaical. FOOLISH.
self-satisfaction, n. self-approval (ccm- 2. Referring to the absence of the faculty of
textual), complacency or complacence, sensation: insensate, unfeeling; see in-
self-content; see conceit. animate.
self -satisfied, a. self-approving, smug, Antonyms: see sensitive.
complacent; see conceit. sensitive, a. 1. jSee sensory, SENSUOUS,
Antonyms: see obsequious. sentient.
self-styled, a. soi-disant {French). 2. sensible, impressionable {often used
sell, V. t. 1. market, vend
{chiefly tech. or with "by"), alive {v^ed mth "to"), suscep-
literary), place {contextual), furnish {con^ tible {u^ed with "to"), sore, responsive
textual); spec, prostitute {fig.), retail, {used with "to"), appreciative {used vxith
wholesale, unload, dump, peddle, hawk, "of"), susceptive {rare); spec, delicate,
auction. queasy, thin, thin-skinned, tender, hyper-
Antonyms: see but. sesthetic, supersensitive, passible; see
2. See hoax, betray. sympathetic, appreciative, irritable.
seller, n. vender {chiefly tech. or literary); Antonyms: see senseless, numb, dull,
spec, auctioneer, retailer, wholesaler, INSENSIBLE.
saleswoman; see salesman, peddler. 3. Referring to the Uyuch, scientific instru-
selvage, selvedge, n. edge {contextual), ments, etc.: acute, nice, delicate, fine;
list, listing, forel (rare). spec, exquisite, sore.
send, V. t. 1. Spec, dispatch, speed, hurl, sensory, a. sensitive, sensible, sensual
bundle, fling, drive, forward, rush, flash, {rare), sensorial, sensuous {rare).
emigrate, mission. sensual, a. 1. voluptuous, voluptuary,
Antonyms: see bring. gross, earthy, animal, brutish, brute, brutal
2. See REFER, PROPEL, FRANK, COMMUNI- {rare), bearish {rare), fleshly, carnal, sens-
CATE. uous {rare); spec, sexual, bestial, Epicu-
8. In the sense of "to cause to he carried rean, Epiourish {rare); see gluttonous,
forward": spec, ship, mail, express {V. S.), lascivious.
transmit. Antonyms: see SPmrruAL.
sending, n. 1. Spec, dispatch, speeding, 2.See sensory.
hurling, etc., mission. sensualist, n. voluptuary, animal, brute;
2. REFERENCE,
See PROPULSION, COM- spec. Epicurean; see glutton.
MUNICATION. sensualize, v. t. coarsen, carnalize, encar-
8. forwarding, transmission, transmittal; naUze {rare; an intensive), brutify.
spec, shipment, expressage {U. S.). Antonyms: see spiritualize.
I^= Cross references: see Note. sell-will: obstinacy. ception, understanding, intelli-
seU-opinlonated: conceited. sell-willed: obstinate. gence, reason, sensation, con-
sell-possessed: assured, self- sell, n.: hoax. sciousness, opinion, essence, di-
controlled, composed. semblance: appearance. rection, common sense.
self-reoording: autographic. semilunar: crescent-shaped. sense, v. t.: perceive, discover,
seU-regulatlng: automatic. seminary: source, school. value, understand.
self-reliant: assured. Semite: Hebrew. senselessness: inseTieibUity,
sell-respecting: proudf senate: council, legislature. unwisdom.
ell-restrained: self-con- senescent: aging. sensible: sensational, aware,
trolled, patient. senile: old, imbecile. perceptible, tang^le, viaible,
sell-seourtty; assurance. senility: age. reasonable, judicial, iTUeUigent,
sell-seeking: egoism. senior: old, superior. conscious, sensitive, apprecia-
Bell- sufficient: conceited. sense, n.: facility, meaning, per- tive, sentient.

fS' See Notes ol Explanation.

378
 SERVE
sensuous, a. 1. See sensory. separate, v. i. divide, sever, dLsunite, dis-
2. sensitive, material, luscious, delicious; sever (literary), sunder, dissunder (rare),
spec.Epicurean; see sensual. part; see seperate, v. t.
AnUmyms: see ascetic, spiritual. Antonyms: see congregate, convene.
sentence, n. 1. See OPINION, decision, separative, Spec, divulsive, divelleut,
a.
CONDEMNATION. segregative, separatory, diazeuctic, burst-
8. In grammar, rhetoric, etc.: period, en- ing, (ussilient (rare).
sample {archaic), proposition. Antonyms: see joining, meeting.
sentient, a. I. See conscious. sequel, n. I. sequence, train; spec, sequelae
2. feeling, sensible, sensate, sensitive, sen- (pi.; med.).
sive (rare). 2.See RESULT, outcome, continuation.
AnUmyms: aee insensible. sequence, n. I. See sequel.
sentiment, n. 1. See feelinq, idea. 2. In cards: run.
2. Spec, toast. serenade, n. Spec, aubade (French) ^ noc-
separate, a. distinct, discrete, dividual turne, guitar (rare), charivari, shivaree
(literary), sejugate (rare), segregate (rare); (sovihem U. S.).
spec, particular, individual, definite, dis- series, n. succession (contextual); spec.
embodied, alone, infrequent, different, dis- list, gradation, scale, train, stream,
connected, unconnected, distant, divided, thread, range, concatenation (learned or
apart. tech.), chain, course, progression, se-
Antonyms: see joined, adjacent, col- quence, set, rotation, order (archaic),
lective, JOINT. beadroll (fig.), combination, coil.
separate, v. t. 1. Referring to the caxising serious, a. I. earnest, grave (chiefly spec.),
of two or more things to come apart or to sober, solemn, severe (rare), owlish (fig.).
he more apart from one another, or to the AnUmyms: see amusing, playful, vi-
withdrawing of one thing from another: vacious.
spec, divide, sever, disunite, dissever (lit- 2. iSee SOBER, DANGEROUS, IMPORTANT,
erary and emphatic equiv. of "sever"), sun- DEEP, MATTER-OF-FACT.
der, dissunder (an emphatic eguiv. of "sun- sermon, n. discourse (contextual), ad-
der"; literary or rare), cut (usedvnth "off," dress (contextiuil), preachment (chiefly
"away," etc.), part, dispart (literary), iso- contemptuous); spec, homily, sermuncle
late, eliminate, sequester, sequestrate, (rare), sermonette or sermonet (rare),
segregate, seclude, detach, bite (off), dis- khutbah.
sociate or (less usual) disassociate, single serum, n. humor, water (coniextual); spec.
(rare), winnow (Jig.), divorce (fig.), dism- whey, chyle, lymph.
tegrate, demarcate, unfellow (rare), dis- servant, n. 1. See agent.
combine (rare), inquartate (rare), seclude 2. help (cant orcolloq.; generic or a coUeo-
(rare),prescind (rare), discorporate (rare), tive), servitor (archaic), servitress (rare),
disintnoate (rare), distance (rare), space, servitude (o collective; rare), servature (a
tease, eUquate, disaggregate, untwine, coUedive; rare), loafeater (hist.), sergeant
trunk, severalize (rare); see disconnect, (hist.), hind (obs.), feeder (obs. and rare);
SCATTER, STRAIN, SIFT, DISENGAGE, ALIEN- spec, man, boy, menial, factotum, do-all
ATE, LOOSEN, OPEN, WITHDRAW, PULL, (colloq.),buttons (colloq.), domestic, but-
SPACE, UNFOLD, WINNOW, SECRETE, DI- ler,sewer, fcrash (Angh-Indian), maty or
VORCE. mate (Anglo-Indian), striker (cant), wait-
Antonyms: see mix, attach, blend, er, cook, etc.; see manservant, maidser-
COLLECT, CONCENTRATE, CONVENE, GATH- vant, SCULLION.
ER, MEET. Antonyms: see employer.
2. See DIVIDB, DISTINGUISH. serve, v. i. 1. minister (often used with "to").

K^* Cross references: see Note. sepulture: burial. sere: withered.

sentence, v. L: condemn. sequacious: imiiaiive. serene, a.: dear, calm.
sententious: concise. sequela: result. serene, n.: deameas. calm.
sentience: conaciouanees. feel- sequent, a.: following, succea- serenity: clearness, calm.
ing. aive. serf: bondman.
sentimental: emotional, sequent, n.: consequent. serfage, serfdom: bondage.
sentinel: guard. sequential: consequential, auc- serial, n.: periodical.
sentry: gvard. ceaaive, following. seriatim: auccessivdy.
separat^: apart. sequester: separate, remove, sermonize: preach, discourae.
separatist: acJiismatic. confiacate, seize. sermonizing: preaching.
sept: clan. sequestered; aeduded. serpent: snake.
sepulcher, n.: grave, monu- sequestrate: aeparaie, adze, serpentine: sinuous, snakelike,
ment. confiscate. winding.
•epuloher, v. (.; bury. seraglio: harem, palace. serrate, a.: dentate.
sepulchral, a..* burial, funereal, seraph: angel. serrate, v. t.: indent.
hollow. seraphic: angdic, pure. serration: indentation.

iW See Notes of Explanation.

379
 . —

SERVE
help, assist, attend, subserve (rare); spec,
lackey, slave; see work.
2. Referring to waiting upon those at table:
attend, v?ait; spec, slunk {archaic).
3. answer {used wiih "to" and the infini-
tive, or viith "for"), do {med with "for"),
avail {used only urith the infinitive denoting
the use or purpose).
8. number, collection, lot, kit {collog.);
spec, pack, packet, stand, nest, service,
shook, train, gang, book; see series,
SUITE, book.
4. Referring to bells tuned to one another
for ringing: suite, peal, ring; spec, chime,
carillon.
set, V. t. 1. See seat, put, place, ftx,

4. See ACT, SUIT, suffice, contribute. PLANT, PLAN, FRAME, ADJUST, POSE,
serve, v. t. 1. See aid, help, benefit, suf- STAND, REST, APPOINT, MODULATE, CLENCH,
fice, SUPPLY, treat, deliver, WORK. DIRECT, ESTABLISH, ORNAMENT, COMPOSE,
2. Referring to waiting upon those at table: HARDEN, COAGULATE, CONGEAL.
attend, help. 2. start {used chiefly with "at"), put (ttsed
3. Referring to serving food or drink: help; chiefly with "to"). "Set" is chiefly used
spec, dish, skink {archaic). with "to" or "at."
4. In games: deMver; spec, bowl, pitch, 3. reduce {a fractured bone).
throw. , 4. Of a trap, noose, etc.: adjust, lay.
service, n. 1. Referring to the state or condir- 5. In jewelry: fix, mount, enchase {now
tion: employ, employment {rare); spec. literary or fig.); spec, collet.
waiterage. 6. Of a guard, watch, etc.: put, place, es-
2. Referring to the action or fact of serving: tablish; spec, clap, impose.
work {contextual), serving, ministration 7. {now rare).
spread {the table), lay, serve
{formal), ministry {eccl., except as colored harden, solidify.
set, V. i. 1. fix; see
by eccl. use); spec, duty, function, office 2. See DESCEND, GERMINATE.
{used chiefly in pi., and with "good," set, n. 1. See motion, posture, attitude,
"kind," etc.), exercise, eyeservice. TENDENCY, INCLINATION, BUILD, POSITION,
3. Spec, attendance, tendance {rare), at- ATTACK.
tention; spec, waiting. 2. hang, fit.
4. Referring to the portion served: help, setting, n. 1. Spec, congelation, coagula-
helping, go {slang or colloq.). tion, planting, etc.
6. See AID, benefit, worship, rite. 2. monture {rare), moimting; spec, col-
serviceable, o. 1. Referring to persons: see let, ouch, chape.
USEFUL. settle, V. t. 1. See rest, colonize, clear,
2. Referring to things: helpful; spec, con- CALM, ESTABLISH, APPOINT, CONSOLIDATE,
venient, handy, commodious {archaic REGULATE, PAY, LIQUIDATE, FIX, DECIDE,
equiv. of "convenient"), beneficial, im- ARRANGE, UNDO, ADMINISTER.
provable {rare); see durable. 2. root, plant, domicihate {rare or learn-
Antonyms: see useless. ed), domicile {rare or learned), locate
servile, a. 1. Referring to what belongs or is {chiefly U. S.); spec, resettle; see colo-
appropriate to a slave or slaves: slavish, nize.
thrall-hke, thralled {rare). 3. In law: spec, entail, jointure.
Antonyms: domineering, haughty.
see settle, See descend, alight, LODGE,
V. i. 1.
2. As designating the condition of a slave: SUBSIDE.
subject {contextual), slave, slavish, bond, 2. domicile {rare or learned), domiciliate
unfree {formal), thrall, enslaved, villain or (rare), plant (rare), locate {chiefly U. S.).
{hist.) villein {rare or archaic) , vernile {rare) 3. pay, account, answer.
3. See base, obsequious, imitattvb. settlement, n. Spec, colony, post, factory.
session, n. meeting, sitting; spec, diet, settler, n. 1. See dweller, colonist, im-
court, assize, school. migrant, SQUATTER.
set, n. 1. See group, company, force. 2. finisher, clinker, clincher,' corker, trim-
2. clique, circle, coterie {chiefly spec), mer, sockdaloger (U. S.), staggerer, pos-
ring, crowd {colloq. or slang), gang {cant or er, squelcher; all colloq. or slang.
. slang), push {cant, slang, or Australian), seven, a. septenary {rare or literary), sep-
pack {contennptuous) , tribe {contemptuous), timal {rare).
platoon {fl^.; rare); spec, clan, covey seven, n. septenary {rare), heptad {rare or
{rare), junto, junta, cabal, class, etc.; see spec).
combination. sevenfold, a. septuple {rare).
V^^ Cross references: see Note. formal, fixed, obstinate. setose: bristly.
servient: subordinaie. setaceous: bristly. settee: seat.
serviette: napkin. setbaclc: reverse. settle, n.: bench.
.servitude: slavery. setness: obstinacy. settled; constant, hahHwd,
sessile: fixed. set-oft: start, foil, ornament, fixed, married, orderly.
set, a,: appointed, deliberate, counterclaim, credit. set-to: contest.

(3° See Notes of Explanation.

380
 SHAKE
seventy, a. septuagesimal (.learned or spec.), shackle, n. 1. bonds (pi.; contextual, ham-
septuagenary (chiefly spec). per, tetter (orig. and usually spec); spec.
severally, adv. 1. apiece. irons (pi.), gyve, dog, hopple or hobble,
2. respectively. trammel (ohs. or rare), bilbo, chains (pi.),
severe, a. Referring to the act of imposing,
1. bolt; see manacle.
or to the tendency to impose, extreme perin 2. See RESTRAINT, COUPLING.
aities, reproof, criticism, etc.: rigorous, shackle, v. t. 1. restrain (contextual), ham-
stern, iron (fig.), iron-handed (fig.), hard, per; spec, manacle, fetter, iron, gyve,
dure (literary or archaic), unspanng, dour clog, hamshackle, trammel (obs. or rare),
(Scot.); spec. Draconic or Draconian hobble, clog, incatenate (rare), enchain
(rare; fig.); see tjnspabing. (rare); see manacle.
Antonyms: see east, gentle. Antonyms: see free.
2. See STRICT, CRUEL, VIOLENT, EXTKEMB, 2. See restrain, couple.
BTRENUOtrS, AUSTERE, DISTRESSING, PAIN- shade, n. 1. darkness (contexttuil), shadow
FUL, DEEP. (rare, exc spec), umbra (tech.), umbrage
8. Referring to climate, weather, etc.: dis- (literary), twilight (fig.).
tressing, hard, inclement, rigorous, bad Antonyms: see sunlight.
(coMog.), intemperate; spec, bitter, ex- 2. Referring to a thing that shades: protec-
treme, cold, hot, dry, wet; see rough. tion, umbrage (literary), screen; spec.
Antonyms: see mild. blind (U. S.), canopy, curtain, globe,
severity, n. 1. rigor, rigorism, sternness, shutter.
iron (fig.), iron-handedness (fig.), hard- 3. See degree, tint, kind, trace, shad-
ness; spec. Draconism (fig.). ow, GHOST.
Antonyms: see gentleness, indulgence. shade, v. t. 1. protect, screen, shadow (obs.
2. See strictness, cruelty, violence, or poetic), obtenebrate (rare), umbrage
EXTREMITY, STRENU0U8NESS, AUSTERITY, (rare); spec overshadow or (less usual)
depth, HARDNESS. overshade. curtain, canopy, beshadow or
S. distressin^ness, inclemency, rigor, bad- (less usual) beshade (intensive).
ness (rare), intemperateness (rare), dis- 2. change (contextual), gradate.
temperature (rare), hardship; spec, bit- 3. In painting and drawing: spec, cross-
terness, extremity (rare), roughness, heat, hatch, hachure, stipple.
drought. 4. (See DARKEN.
Antonyms: mildness (cf. mild). shade, v. i. pass, change, gradate (chiefly
sew, V. t. &
i. stitch, needle (rare); spec. spec).
baste, backhand, whip, overhand, tack, shadow, n. 1. See shade.
flnedraw, run, seam, buttonhole, fell, em- 2. Referring shade (rare
to the figure cast:
broider, quUt. or poetic), umbra (learned or tech.); spec.
Antonyms: see rip. penumbra, silhouette; see image.
sewage, n. refuse (contextiml), soil, drain- 8. See reflection, quest, attendant,
age, sewerage (now rare in this sense); spec. SYMBOL, remainder, APPEARANCE, GHOST,
seepage. apparition, SPY.
sewed, a. stitched, sutile (rare). shady, a. dark (contextual), shaded, shad-
sewer, n. stitcher, sewster (fern.; ohs., exc. owy, umbrageous (literary); spec shadow-
Scot.); spec, seamstress or sempstress, ish (rare), bowery, bushy.
needlewoman, hemmer, feller, etc. Antonyms: see sunny.
sewing, n. stitching, suture (literary or shaft, n. rod (contextual); spec, trunch-
1.

tech.). eon (rare), loom, diaphysis; see quill,

sex, n. sexuality (rare), persuasion (jocular), POLE.
gender (jocvlar). 2. Referring to a column: body (context-
sexless, a. asexual (tech.), agamic (biol.), ual), scape (tech.), trunk; spec, tigs
nonsexual. (French).
shabby, a. 1. inferior (contextiud), mean 3. See ARROW, AXLE, STEM, PILLAR.
(contextual); spec, seedy, dowdy, mangy, 4. Referring to wagon shafts: thill.
scrubby, sc^ly (slang), rusty; see worn, shaft, n. Referring to a form of excavation
FADED. or passage: well; spec. pit.
Arvtonyms: see new, dandy. shake, v. t. 1. move (contextual), agitate
2. See MEAN. (formal or learned); spec, concuss (rare).
1^=" Cross references: see Note. severance: division, distinction, bolize.
sever, v. t: divide, separate, am- sewer: drain. shadowy, a.: shady, unreal,
putate, distinguish. sewerage: drainage, sewage. imaginary, ghostly.
sever, v. i.: separate. shaded: shady. shag: shock, nap.
severable: divisible. shadow, V. t.: shade, protect, shaggy: rough, unkempt, un-
several: individual, distinct. cloud, hide, foreshadow, sym- shom, nappy, bushy, bristling.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

381
 —
SHAKE
hustle, quiver, tremble, convulse, wabble, made, trim; spec, concinnous (rare), de-
coggle {coUoq.), conquassate (o6s. or.rare), cent (archaic); see good-looking.
diddle (colloq. or dial.), succuss (rare), Antonyms: see deformed.
flap, jar, jolt, jerk, stagger; see vibrate, share, n. portion, division; spec.
part,
WAVE, WORRY, rLGURISH. proportion, cup
(fig.), allotment, deal,
2. See DISTDBB, WEAKEN, TRILL, ROUSE, quantum, quota, contingent, lot, divi-
SCATTER. dend, divvy (slang or colloq.), dole (ar-
shake, v. i. move (contextual) , wabble; chaic or literary), partage (rare), purparty
spec, quiver, flap, jar, jolt, jerk, stagger; (archaic), legitim; see dower, dowry,
see TREMBLE, TOTTER, VIBRATE, WAVE. allowance.
"Shake," as distinct from "oscillate," "vi- sh^re, V. t. 1. divide (contextual), part
brate," "undulate," "wave," usually implies (rare), diwy (slang or colloq.; esp. with
irregular motion. "up"), whack (slang; esp. with "up");
shake, n. motion (contextual), agitation seeDISTRIBUTE.
(fornial or learned); spec, concussion, 2. participate, partake (rare), divide; see
wabble, conquassation (rare), quiver, flap, EXPERIENCE.
jar, jolt, jerk, wave; see tremble, vibra- share, v. i. participate, engage, partake,
tion, FLOITRISH. enter.
shaky, a. 1. Spec, quaky, shackly (colloq.), sharing, n. division (contextual), participa-
jiggly, jerky, jolty, rickety. tion, partaking, community; spec, inter-
Antonyms: see firm. community cahoot (used in "in
(rare),
2. See uncertain, trembling. cahoot," "go cahoots"; slang); see part-
shall, V. will; they are sometimes syno- nership.
nyms, with slightly different connotation; sharp, a. 1. cutting (contextual), keen,
but usually there is a conventional rule pre- edged, edgy (rare), keen-edged, trenchant
scribing the v^e of the one or the other. (archaic and poetic), cultrate (nat. hist.);
shallow, o. 1. shoal, depthless, fleet (chief- spec. fine.
and agric.); spec, skin-deep.
ly dial, Antonyms: see blunt.
Antonyms: see deep, fathomless. 2. Referring to a person or to the mind:
2. See superficial. sharp-witted, acute, keen, clever (colloq.),
shallow, n. shoal; spec, flat; see ford. smart (chiefly spec; U. S.), bright, can-
Antonyms: see deep. ny (somewhat contemptuous or sneering),
shallowness, n. shoalness, depthlessness. quick-witted; spec, shrewd.
Antonyms: see depth. Antonyms: see dull, stupid.
sham, V. i. pretend; spec, malinger. 3. Referring to language: severe, incisive
shameless, a. immodest, blushless, bare- (rare), cutting, penetrative, caustic (fig.),
faced, brazen, imblushing, cynopic (nonce piercing, pointed, trenchant, stinging, bit-
word); see abandoned, impudent, in- ing, pungent, piquant (rare), crisp, mor-
decent. dant (rare), acid, acidulous, lancinating
Antonyms: see bashful, modest. (as criticism), stimulating, diy, brisk; see
shape, n. 1. See form, figure, image, bitter, cruel, sarcastic.
apparition, appearance, arrangement, Antonyms: see smooth, gentle, kind,
state. KINDLY, affectionate.
2. Referring to an object made in a certain 4. Referring to the look: keen, piercing,
shape, in manufacturing, building, etc.: penetrating; spec, searching.
sfec. bend, facet, turn, bar, column, 5. Referring to pain: keen, excruciating,
guder, angle iron, block, ball, band, etc. piercing; spec, lancinatmg, shooting,
shape, V. t. 1. form; spec, rough, build, darting.
roughcast (often fig.), roughhew (often 6. iSee ANGULAR, ABRUPT, PUNGENT,
fig.),bend, block, last, machine, dome, harsh, painful, vigorous, high, lively,
carve, cut, turn, scapple, mold, blow, violent, intense, cold, discerning, in-
forge. telligent, vigilant.
2. See PLAN, adapt, adjust, regulate, sharpen, v. t. 1. edge (chiefly fig.), sharp
DEVISE, destine. (rare); spec, strop or strap, reset, re-
shapely, o. well-shaped, clean, neat, well- sharpen, grind; see point.

tW Cross references: see Note.

 ,

SHELTER
Antonyms: see bujnt. 2. Referring to tears: emit, rain (fig.),
2. See INTENSIFY. weep, drop.
sharpener, n. sharper {rare); spec, stone, 3. Referring to shedding an old skin, shell,
bone, whetstone, nfle. etc.: slough, throw, cast, exuviate {tech.);
sharp-featured, a. thm {cantexival) spec, mew {tech. or archaic), exfoliate.
hatchety (coUoq.). 4. Referring to plants: erfohate {tech.),
sharpness, n. cut {rare), keenness,
1. drop, cast; spec, deoperculate.
trenchancy {rare),edge; spec, fineness. sheep, 71. mutton {jocular), fleece {fig.),
2. acuteness, cleverness {coUoq.), smart- bleater {colloq.), fold (o collective sing.),
ness {chiefly spec), brightness, dexterity. jumbuck {Australia; colhq.); spec, down,
8. severity, incisiveness {rare), edge, caus- hog, hogget, hogling, yeaning, herdwick,
ticness {fig.), causticity
{fig.),
trench- barrel {East Indian), ram; see ewe, lamb.
ancy, sting, crispness, stimulatingness sheepcote, n. sheepshed, sheepy {dial.).
{rare), piquancy, pungency, piq^uantness sheepskin, n. pelt {contextual); spec, ba-
{rare), dryness, acidity; spec, bitterness, san or bazan, Dasil or bazil, roan, parch-
cruelty, acrimony. ment.
Antonyms: see gentleness, kindness. sheet, n. 1. Spec, folio or folium, card, lap,
4. Spec, angularity, abruptness, pun- blanket, web, folder (17. S.), flake, floe,
gency, distinctness, discernment, intelli- foil; see lamina, plate.
gence, intensity, etc. 2. <See expanse.
sharpshooter, n. rifleman {contextual); shelf, n. 1. Spec, bracket, gradin, gradine,
spec, bersagliere {pi. -ri; Italian), tirail- desk, retable, degree.
'

leur {French). 2. See ledge.

sharp-sighted, a. eagle-eyed; spec, all- shell, n. I. test {rare or tech.); spec, frus-
seeing. tule, pen, univalve, bivalve.
shatter, v. t. 1. destroy {cMitextiud), break 2. Referring to the hard outer covering of
{contextiud), smash, crash, rend, shiver, various animals: case; spec, elytron, cara-
dash; spec, dynamite. pace, shard.
2. See RUIN, impair, derange. 3. Referring to missiles: case; spec, shrap-
shave, v. t. 1. See fare, graze, cheat. nel, grenade, bomb, carcass, grenado
2. cut {contextiud), scrape (jocular), mow {archaic), dua {slang); see missile.
{jocular), razor {rare). 4. See case, crust, hull.
shavine, n. Spec, whittling, excelsior (o shell, V. t. 1. See hull.
collective; U. S. trade name); see paring. 2. attack, bombard.
shawl, n. mantle {contextual); spec, whit- shell-bearing, a. conchiferous {tech.).
tle {archaic or dial.). shellfish, n. moUusk {tech.; most "shell-
sheaf, n. 1. bundle, reap {agric. or dial.); fish" are "moWusks").
spec, grab {obs. or hist.). shell-shaped, a. conchiform, conchate,
2. See BUNDLE. conchylaceous {rare); oH three tech. or —
sheaf, V. t. bind {contextual), sheave. learned.
shears, n. pi. clip {sing.), clippers {pi.); shelly, a. chitinous, conchylious, testace-
see SCISSORS. —
In dignified figurative use ous; oK three tech. or learned.
"shears" is more common than "scissors." shelter, n. 1. protection {contextual), cover
sheath, n. covering {contextual), case; spec. {contextual), screen, shield, bulwark (Kt-
vagina, stall, thumbstall, fingerstall, lor- erary or rhetorical); spec, covert, shadow,
ica, boot, theca, ocrea, fascia, hose, coleo- shroud, crow's-nest, houseroom, canopy,
rhiza, elytron, aponeurosis, cot, scabbard. bower, box, lee, cab, guardhouse, dugout,
sheathe, v. t. cover {contextual), incase, abri {French); see refuge.
ensheathe {rare); spec, scabbard, vagi- 2. Referring to the fad or state of being
nate (rare), muzzle, clapboard. sheltered: refuge {as in "to seek refug^').
shed, n. t. shelter {contextual), cover, hovel Antonyms: see exposure.
{dial. Eng.), skilling {Eng.; chiefly spec); 3. Referring to giving shelter: harboring,
spec, box, cot, hangar {French), lean-to, reception; spec, housing.
penthouse, cote, byre, roundhouse, skillion. 4. See protector.
2. See HOUSE. shelter, v. t. 1. protect, coyer, screen, oe-
shed, V. t. 1. See scatter, emit, diffuse, screen {an intensive), shield; spec, en-
SPILL, scale. sconce, shroud, shadow, overshadow.
tW Cross refmncts: sec Note.
 —

SHELTERED
2. Spec, {referring to giving asylum or guttering, gleaming, lambent, orient,
safety to one seeking refuge) receive, refuge burning, flaming, nitent (rare), relucent
(rare), harbor, haven {rare), lodge, hive, (rare), splendent (rare), flaring, interlu-
ensconce, embosom {literary; fig.), em- cent, luminous, flashing.
bower, reset {archaic), sanctuarize {rare); Antonyms: see dark.
see ENTERTAIN, HOUSE. 2. iSee lustrous, distinguished.
Antonyms: see assail, attack, expose. shining, n. 1. radiance, radiation; spec.
sheltered, a. protected, screened, covert, refulgence, flash, lambency or (rare) 1am-
cozy; spec, cloistered, sequertered, lee, bence, ghtterance (rare), irradiance or ir-
leeward. radiancy (literary), irradiation (literary);
Antonyms: see exposed, shelterless. seeluminosity.
sheltering, a. protecting, screening, 2. See luster.
shielding, cozy. ship, n. vessel, hulk (archaic, exc. spec.);
shelterless, a. unprotected {contextual), spec, castle (poetic or rhetorical), argosy
shieldless, screemess; spec, exposed, (historical or poetic), runner, leviathan
houseless. (rhetorical), hner, roller, screw, razee, car-
Antonyms: see sheltered. vel, brig, brigantine, barkentine or bar-
shepherd, n. herder {contextual), shep- quentine, frigate, galleon, junk, schooner,
herdess {Jem.), pastor {now rare or classi- sloop, yawl, yacht, ketch, lugger, drom-
cal); spec. Endymion {fi^.), Daphnis ond, consort, prow, chpper, buss.
{fig.), shepherdling {rare). ship, v. t. 1. embark.
shield, n. I. protection; spec, targe {ar- 2. Spec, export; see send, transport.
chaic and poetic), ancile {Latin), buckler, 3. In "to ship a sea": spec. poop.
pelta, pavis, rondache {French), roundel, shipping, n. ships (collective pi.), marine,
target, hielaman {Australia). tonnage.
2. Referring to a protective covering of vari- shirk, V. t. avoid, evade, balk, blink, blench.
ous animals: spec, buckler, cuirass, scute, shirk, V. i. soldier, soger (colloq.), skulk;
scutellum. spec, malinger.
8. See shelter, protector, escutcheon. shirk, n. quitter (17. jS.), skulk, slacker
shield-shaped, o. scutiform, now chiefly spec, and opprohrir
scutate; (colloq.;
spec, clypeate, peltate; all four tech. soger (colloq.); spec. Eyeservant,
ous),
shifting, a. fugitive, flitting, ambulatory rogue.
{learned or tech.), deambulatory {rare); shirt, n. sark (Scot.), shift (obs. or rare,
spec, floating, unsettled. exc. spec); spec, chemise, smock, vest,
Antonyms: see permanent. camise, guernsey.
shilling, n. bob {slang), thirteener {rare), shirt front, dicky (slang or colloq.), sham,
twelvepence. plastron (rare).
shine, v. t. Spec, polish, glaze, burnish, shoal, V. i. shallow (rare).
brighten. shock, V. t. 1. strike (contextual), concuss
shine, v. i. radiate, beam, sheen (ar- (rare); spec, jar, jolt, jounce.
chaic); spec, play, irradiate (literary), 2. Spec, scandalize, horrify, jar (now
hghten, gleam, blaze, flame, flare, ghm- usually considered slang), stun, stagger,
mer, glimpse (rare), glare, burn, glow, jolt (chiefly slang or colloq.), disedify
beacon (rare), glisten, glister, glitter, (rare).
brighten (rare), blink, effulge (poetic), shock, n. 1. See encounter.
flash, brandish (rare), resplend (rare), 2. impulse, concussion, brunt; spec.
luster or lustre (rare), gloze (rare), ray crash, slam, dash, percussion, water
(rore), outbeam (rare), lamp (rare), moon. hammer; see earthquake.
shine, n. Spec. poUsh, brightness, sheen, 3. START, thrill.
iSee
luster, glare, glaze. shock, n. 1. See group.
shining, a. 1. radiant, bright (contextual), 2. shag, mat, mop, shog (Scot, and dial.).
beaming; spec, irradiant (literary), reful- shocking, a. Spec, horrible, horrific,
gent, fulgent (rare or poetic), resplendent. ghastly, ghast (archaic or poetic), ghast-

t^^ Crossreferences: see Note. shiftless: helpless, lazy. shipshape:

shelve: retire, defer. sliifty: resourceful, evasive. shipwreclE, ti, t.: wreck, destroy.
shepherd, v. t: tend. shimmer: flash. shire; couniy.
shibboleth: countersign. shindy: disturbance. shiver, n.: fragment, splinter.
shield, 11. t.: protect, shelter. shine, V, t.: polish. shiver, v. t.: shatter, splinter,
shift, n.: expedient, evasion, de- shine, n.: luminosity, Ittster, crash.
vice, turn, trick, removal, dis- polish, sunlight, moonlight. shiver, v. i.: quiver, shudder.
placement, relay, change, sub- shingle: gravel. shiver, 71.; quiver, shudder.
stitution. shinny; hockey. shoal: shallow.
shift, V. i.: dodge, contrive, dis- shipment: sending, transporta- shoal; school, flock.
place, change, prevaricate, gybe. tion. shoddy; pretended.

X^ See Notes of Explanation.

384

fill (archaic); see horrible, abominable,
DISGUSTING.
Antonyms: see pleasant.
4hoe, n. 1. Spec, boot, bootee (a trade
name), half-boot, bottme, bootikin, bus-
kin, cothurnus, sock, soUeret, startup,
clodhopper, clog, chaussure (archaic or
Fi-ench), balmoral, sandal, sabot (French),
pump, brogan, brodekin (obs.), chopine
or cbopin, galosh or golosh (rare in U. S.),
patten, oxford, Bluoher. crakow, brogue,
moccasin, stogy (coUoq.), leathers (a col-
lective pi.).
2. jSee FERRULE.
dhoe, V. t. I. Spec, boot, sandal.
2. See FERRULE.
shoeblack, n. boots (cant or coUoq.).
shoemaker, n. cordwainer (obs., exc. cant),
Crispin (fig.; sometimes cant), souter (obs.
or Scot.), snob (dial. Eng.).
shoemakliig, n. cordwaniery (literary).
shoe-shaped, a. Spec, sandaliform (leanv-
ed).
shoot, n. 1. See growth, dart, rapid,
CHUTE.
2. branch, sprout, graff (archaic; pri-
marily spec), chit (obs. or dial.); spec.
bine, tendril, tiller, braird (Scot.), browse
(a collective), dag (obs.), layer,
GRAFT.
shoot, V. t. 1. See project, propel, dis-
charge, EMIT, extend, protrude, EX- plate (rare).
PEL, VARIEGATE, UTTER, WOUND.
2. Referring to the shooting of missiies: dia- lette, pouldron or pauldron.
charge; spec, catapult.
8. strike (contextual), hit, plug (slang);
spec, rifle (rare), pot, hull, fli^t, pistol,
snipe, pelt.
shooter, n. 1. shot, shotress (obs.; fern.),
marksman (comtextrud) markswoman (con-
, EXCLAIM, cheer.
textual), gun (cant); spec, gunman (cant
or slarig), rifleman, sharpshooter; see
GUNNER.
2. See GUN.
shop, n. repository (rare, exc. spec),
1.
store, emporium (o loose and grandiloquent
ttse), market (chiefly spec); spec char-
cuterie (French), confectionary, cutlery,
Butlery, canteen, grocery, creamery, etc.
SHOVEL
short,a. 1. brief, curtate, curtal (archaic),
curtailed, cutty (Scot.); spec, curt, close.
Antonyms: see long, endless, lengthy.
2. See LOW, BRIEF (in time), crumbly,
concise, curt (in language), deficient.
shorten, v. diminish, abridge, reduce,
t. 1.
abbreviate as to time), lessen;
(rare, exc.
spec, curtail, dock, cut, breviate (obs.);
see TRIM.
Antonyms: see extend, lengthen.
2. See diminish, abbreviate, contract,
beguile, lower (prices), deprive.
shortened, a. Spec curtate (tech.),
abridged.
short-headed, a. brachy cephalic (tech.).
short-lived, a. transitory, transient (rare),
ephemeral (properly spec).
shortness, n. brevity.
short-winded, a. dyspnoeic (tech.); spec.
puffy, pursy, pursive (archaic), breathless,
asthmatic.
shot, n. I. Referring to an act of shooting:
shoot (rare); spec, inner, carton, bull's-
eye, bowshot.
2. In games: shoot; spec, throw, inwick
(Scot.); see carom.
8. Referring to a kind of
missiles: spec
buckshot, swanshot, canister, grapeshot.
turion; see .4. See shooter, missile, explosion, aim.
shoulder blade, scapula (tech.), blade-
bone (now chiefly a butcher's term), omo-
shoulder piece. Spec, epaulet or epau-
shout, V. i. cry (contextual), exclaim (Jor-
mal; chiefly spec), yell (somewhat depre-
datory), scream (chiefly spec), vociferate
(literary); spec, thunder, bawl, mouth,
roar, clamor, whoop, acclaim; see hollo,
Antonyms: see whisper.
shout, V. t. cry (contextual), exclaim (for-
mal, chiefly spec), scream (chiefly spec),
vociferate (literary), yell (depreciatory);
spec roar, acclaim (rare), thunder, bawl,
bellow, mouth (rare), clamor; see ex-
claim.
Antonyms: see whisper.
shout, n. cry (contextiud) yell (depreda- ,

2. See FACTORY, BUSINESS. tory), scream (chiefly spec), vociferation

shop, V. i. Spec, market. (literary); spec, thunder, bawl, bellow,
shopkeeper, n. shopman; spec, bourgeois roar, clamor, whoop (rare or literary), ac-
(French). hollo, ex-
claim (rare); see outcry,
shore, n. strand, coast, foreshore (between clamation, CHEER.
high and low water), waterside or side (con- Antonyms: see whisper.
textual), water (contextual), ripe (rare), shouter, n. stentor.
rivage (poetic), brim (archaic); spec, sea- shovel, n. Spec, peel, battledore, plow,
shore, bank, beach. scoop, skeet, slice.

f^' Cross r^erences: see Note. shore, v. t.: ground. shortcoming;: fault.
hook: >ei. shore, n. & v.L: prop. shot, V. t,: load.
shooting, n..* projection, dis- shorn: cut. shoulder, 0. t,: crovid.jostle. bear.
charge. shortage: deficiency. shove; push.

fW See Notes ol Explanation.

385
 SHOW
show, n. 1. See disclosure, sight, proof, showing, n. 1. disclosure, display, exhibi-
PRETENSE, OPPORTUNITY, APPARITION, tion; spec, manifestation, etc.
AIR. 2. See STATEMENT.
2. Referring to the act of showing to others: showy, a. ostentatious, brave (now archaic
display, ejdhibition, presentation; spec. or literary), pretentious; spec, ambitious,
demonstration, manifestation, theoph- dashing (colloq.), vain, spectacular, the-
any, epiphany. atrical, clashy (colloq.), gay (rare), pea-
Antonyms: see hiding. cocky (colloq.), loud, braw (Scot.), show-
8. Referring to a public shxm, as in a ish (mre), branky (Scot.), gaxislx (literary),
theater: spec, performance, exhibition, splendid (colloq.), gaudy, sparkish (rare),
exposition, fantoccini {pi.; Italian), wax- bright, flaunty (rare), gallant, gorgeous
works (pi.), movies (pi.; colloq.), cosmo- (colloq. or slang), splendiferous (colloq. or
rama, cyclorama, gaff (Eng. slang and slang), flash (cant), smart (colloq.), gew-
colonial); see fair. gawish (rare), gingerbready (colloq.),
4. spectacle, pageant, display, set-out flary (rare), glaring, flashy, magnificent
(colU)q. or informal); spec, masque, pro- (coUoq.), sumptuous (colhq.), ambitious;
cession, games (pi.). GAUDT.
see
5. In a concrete sense, referring to the ob- Antonyms: see modest, simple.
jects shown: display, exhibit, layout, shrew, n. termagant, virago, vixen, cot-
spread, set-out. quean (archaic), brimstone (Jig.), ranti-
6. Referring to ostentatious display: dis- pole (rare); spec, scold.
play, showiness, ostentation, ostenta- shrewd, a. 1. See ill-tempered.
tiousness, pretension, pageantry, pomp, 2. intelligent (contextual), disteeming,
parade, bravery (archaic or literary); spec. knowing, astute, astucious (rare), canny
bravura, bubble, dash (a less formal equiv. (a sense based on qualities attrilnited by the
of "h-avura"), vanity, vainglory, blazon- English to the Scotch; an English v^age),
ment or blazonry, gallantry, moonshine keen, cute (colloq.), long-headed, hard-
(jig.; depreciatory), 6clat (French), gay- headed; see SHARP.
ety, dazzle, garishness, tinsel (fig.)^ Antonyms: see dull, stupid.
cUnquant (literary or artistic), flash, flour- shrill, a. high, thin, sharp, acute, keen,
ish, frippery, splurge (colloq.), figure (ar- small, penetrative, penetrating, clariso-
chaic), flare, glare, gaudiness, gaudery nous (rare); spec, stridulous, treble, pipy
(rare), gaud ostent (rare).
(rare), (rare).
show, V. t. 1. In a
sense implying an Antonyms: see dull, low, sweet.
intentional bringing into sight: exhibit, shrill, V. i. sound, pipe; spec, stridulate;
present, produce, display; .spec, spring, see CRT, EXCLAIM.
reveal, manifest, proclaim, flaunt, flare, shrine, n. sanctuary (contextual), reli-
flash (slang), parade, air, demon- quary, reliquaire (French), relicary (rare);
strate, outshow (poetic), discover (ar- spec, feretory or feretrum (rare), taber-
chaic), blazon, wear, stage, represent, nacle (obs.), tester (rare), martyry, lara-
unfold, meld. rium, durgah (East Indian), pir (Moharrt-
2. In a sense not implying any intention: medan), phylactery (Hebrew), nymphaeum.
exhibit, evince, present, display, mani- shrink, v. i. 1. See contract, diminish,
fest; see DISCLOSE. hesitate.
3. Referring to showing by inference from 2. contract (contextual), scringe (colloq. or
outward acts, signs,etc.: evidence, exhibit, dial.), cringe, huddle (vsually with "to-
display, disclose, bear, evince, manifest, gether").
give (as in "to give signs of life"); spec. Antonyms: see expand, bloat, swell.
demonstrate, betray. 3. recoil (contextual) , wince, cringe, scringe
4. Referring to obedience, thanks, etc.: ren- (colloq. or dial.), quail, cow, flinch, blench
der (u£ed with "obedience"), do (v^ed or (archaic) blanch, funk (slang); spec.
chiefly with "obedience"), pay, give. boggle, revolt, start; see shy.
5. See EXERCISE, evidence, prove, shrink, n. 1. iSee contraction, hesita-
GUIDE, DISCLOSE, TEACH, INDICATE, PRE- tion, diminution.
FIGURE, EXPRESS, REPRESENT. 2. contraction, scringe (colloq. or dial.),
shower, n. 1. scud, brash (chiefly dial.);, cringe, bundle.
spec, fall, flurry; see rain. 3. recoil (contextual), revolt, resiUence
2. See FLIGHT, fall. (rare), revulsion, wince, cringe, scringe

f^^ Cross references: see Note. ticle. shrill, 71.; cry.

show, V. i.: appear. shred, v. t.: cut, tear, fray. shrinkage: contraction, diminu-
shower, 0. ^.' lavish, wet. shrewish: ill-tempered. tion.
showery: rainy. shriek: scream. shrinking, a.: bashful, timid.
shred, n.: fragment, piece, par- shrift: absolution, confession. shrive: absolve, confess.

X^ See Notes ol Explanation.

386
 — . — —

SIGHTLY
{eoUoq. or dial.), funk (slang), flinch; spec. side, n. 1. pleuron (anat.), paries (aruU.);
gabble, start; see shy. spec, flitch, flank.
shroud, n. I. See gabment, disguise, 2. surface {contextual), face {contextiud);
SHELTER. spec, aspect, lee, leeboard, broadside,
2. cerecloth, cerement (rare), winding front, bottom, top, interior, exterior,
sheet, sheet (shxn-t for "winding sheet"), slope, shore.
sindon {hist, or archaic) Antonyms: see point.
shrub, n. bush, frutex {rare; tech.). 3. hand; asin "on either side" or "hand."
shrubby, a. 1. bushy, frutescent {tech.), 4. cause, part, party {now rare), behalf.
fruticose {tech.), fruticous {rare); spec. 5. See limit, edge, party, alternative,
fruticulose {rare), sufiruticose. direction, place.
2. See BUSHT. sideboard,n. Spec, cellaret, buffet, dresser.
shudder, v. i. shake {contextual), quiver, sideway, a. lateral, sidelong, sideline, side-
horror {chiefly med.), shiver. ways {colloq.), sidewise, sideward; see
shudder, n. shake {contextual), quiver, broadside.
horror {chiefly med.), shiver. sideways, adv. sidelong, sidewise, lateral-
shuddering, n. shaking, quivering, hor- ly, sideward, sidewards, sideway, collater-
rent {rare or literary), horresoent {rare). ally; see broadside, crosswise, ob-
shuffle, n. 1. See exchange, trick, pre- liquely.
varication, EVASION, PUSH. Antonyms: see lengthwise.
2. Referring to the gait: scuff, scrape; see siding, n. track {contextual), sidetrack
DANCE. {orig. U. S.); spec, pass-by.
shuffle, V. i. 1. scrape, scufF. sidle, V. i. side {rare), edge, skew; spec.
2. See PREVARICATE, DODGH. crabsidle.
shut, V. t. 1. Referring to a door, gate, etc.: siege, n. investment, beleaguerment,
close; spec, snap, slam, clap; these last leaguer (literary), besiegement (rare),
specificsynonyms being contextual senses. blockade {chiefly spec).
Antonyms: see open, unfold. siesta, n. rest {contextual), nap; spec, me-
2. See CLOSE, obstruct. ridian {rare).
shy, V. i. shrink, skit, skew, boggle. sieve, n. tense {obs. or dial.; chiefly spec),
shy, n. shrink, Doggie; referring to horses. search {obsolescent), cribble {obsolescent);
SiOk,a. 1. iSee AILING, DISEASEDjDEFREBSED, spec, screen, bolter, colander, drum, grate,
SPOILED. grating, riddle, griddle, grizzly, harp
2. qualmish, nauseated; spec, seasick. {Scot.); see strainer.
3. tired {u^ed with "of"), weary (used with sievelike, a. cribriform {tech.), cribrate
"of"), disgusted {used with "with"). {tech.), cribrose (tech.), coliform {rare);
sloken, v. i. 1. fail, invalid; see languish. spec, ethmoid.
2. Referring to a becoming weary of a silt, V. t. 1. separate {contextual), sieve,
thing: tire {used with "of"), weary {used scarce {obsolescent), cribble {obsolescent);
wUh "of"). spec bolt, screen, riddle, garble; see
sicken, v. t. 1. indispose, craze {archaic); strain.
see nauseate. 2. See DISCOVER, examine, discuss.
2. tire, weary; see disgust. sigh, n. breath, suspiration {rare); spec.
siclde-shaped, a. falciform {tech.), falcu- heigh-ho, sob, aspiration {rare).
late {rare). Antonyms: see laugh.
siokly-Iooking, a. peaky
peaked sigh, V. i. 1. breathe {contextual), suspire
{colloq.),
{chiefly colloq.), peakish {colloq.; rare). {rare), sough {literary or dial.); spec.
sickness, n. 1. illness, ill health, morbid- heigh-ho, sob.
ity, invalidship {rare), invalidism, indis- 2. See long, sorrow, mourn.
posedness {rare); see nausea. sight, n. 1. Referring to that which is seen:
2. See ailment, disease. vision, view, show, beholding {archaic).

fW Cross references: see Note. shy, n. &

V, t.: throw. aide, a,: lateral.
shrivel: contract, lorinkle. sibilant: hissing. sideling, adv,:
shxiveled: contracted, wrinkled. sibilate: hiss, sideling, a,: sideway.
shroud, V. t.: disguise, hide. sibilation: hiss. sidelong, adv,: sideways.
shrunken: contracted. sibyl: prophet, witch. sidelong, a,: sideway.
shuck: hull. sibylline: oracular, sidereal: starry,
flhu£Se, 0. <..' push, mix, vianip' sickening, a,: nauseous, dis- sideward, adv.: sideways.
ulate. gusting, sideward, a,: sideway,
Bhun: avoid. slcldsh: ailing, nauseous, dis- siege, v, t,: besiege,
shunt: switch. eased, sieve, V, t.: sift.
shuttle: reciprocate. siclUled: ailing, emotional. sigh, V, t.: mourn,
shy, a.: distrustful, timid, bash- sicldy: ailing, faint, diseased, sightless: blind, inmsible,
ful, elusive. unhealthy, nauseous. sightly: good-loofeing, viewy.

US' See Notes of Explanation.

387
 .

SIGHTSEE
spectacle; spec,gawk, fright, eyesore, scription, subscript {rare), autograph,
guy; see spectacle, view. sign manual, hand {chiefly tech.); spec.
2. Referring to the act 0/ seeing something: mark, cross, frank, countersignature; see
perception {contextuid), vision, view, INDORSEMENT.
spectacle, look, glimpse; spec, notice, con- 2. Referring to the act or action: subscrip-
templation. tion, signing, signation {rare), indorse-
8. Referring to the faculty or power of see- ment.
ing: vision, eyesight, seeing, view {rare), significant, a. 1. See expressive, impor-
light {poetic or rhetorical) tant, EMPHATIC.
Antonyms: see blindness. 2. expressive, indicative, suggestive, sig-
4. Referring to the area open to sight: nificative; spec, presageful, ominous,
range, eyeshot, view, eye {now only fig., as prognostic, boding, bodeful^ oracular,
in "out of one's eye"). portentous, sinister, consignificant; see
5. Spec, target, vane, housse {French), threatening.
dispart, pinnule, notch, leaf. Antonyms: see empty, meaningless.
sightsee, v. i. Spec, lionize, slum. signify, v. t. 1. See express, indicate,
sign, n. 1. See gbsturb, vestige. MEAN, ANNOUNCE, SIGNAL.
2. indication, signification (rore or learned), 2. indicate, denote, mean, betoken, au-
mark, significative {rare or learned), token, gur, omen, portend {esp. euil), presignify
note, signal {chiefly spec), denotation {rare), preindicate, promise, foretoken,
{rare), ensign {archaic), signature {rare or foreshow, foresignify {rare); spec, bode,
tech.), significant {rare), signum {Latin); symbolize, forebode, nod, announce, har-
spec, direct, diaeresis, collar, charact {ar- binger, prognosticate; see foreshadow.
chaic); see BADGE, NOTICE, COTJNTBBSIGN, silence, n. 1. speechlessness, silentness,
PASSWORD, SYMBOL. mumness, hush {imposed or enforced si-
3. Referring to a business sign: spec, de- RETICENCE.
lence); see
vice, signboard, shingle {colloq.), post, bush Antonyms: see speech, talk.
{chiefly hist.), winebush {chiefly hist.), pole. 2. noiselessness, sUentness, quiet, quiet-
4. Referring to what indicates coming ness, quietude, stillness, stUl, hu^; spec.
events: omen, portent, auspice {chiefly dead {of night).
spec), augury {rare), prognostication, Antonyms: see noise, din, sound, sound-
presage, token, foretoken, presignifioa- ing, uproar.
tion {rare), prognostic, boding, bodement silence, v. t. 1. Referring to speech: hush,
{rare), prodigy {rare), ostent {rare); see quiet, dumb, mum{colloq. or rare), muz-
SYMPTOM. zle {spec or fig.), throttle {spec or fig.).
sign, V. t. 1. See signal. 2. Referring to the prevention of noise or of
2. confirm {contextual), subscribe; spec. the perceptibleness of noise: still, hush,
countersign, letter, cross, initial, indorse. quiet, quieten {rare), deafen or {archaic)
signal, n. 1. See sign. deaf, drown.
2. sign, token {rare); spec beacon, whis- Antonyms: see rouse.
tle, cry, cue {theatrics), catchword {chiefly 3. See DISABLE, SUPPRESS, confute.
theatrics),enunciator, flare-up, Ught, tar- silence, v. i. quiet, hush.
get {U. S.), telegraph, semaphore, wave, silencer, n. Spec mute, sordino {Italian),
wigwag, balk, assembly, reveille, taps, sordine, silentiary (rore), choker {slang),
tattoo, beat, flam, chamade {French), muffler.
troop, watchword; see gesture, alahm. silent, o. 1. speechless, mute {primarily
signal, V. t. 1. inform {contextual), notify spec), voiceless, dumb, quiet, {col-mum
{contextual), sign {rare), signaUze {rare), loq.), husht {archaic), wnist {archaic or
signify; spec, fugle, flame, whistle, flag. rare), tacit {rare), conticent {rare), wist-
2. See ANNOUNCE, DISTINGUISH. ful (rare); spec, tongueless; see reticent.
signaler, n. signalman; spec, flagman, Antonyms: see uproarious, clamorous,
trumpeter, operator, sentinel, etc. BOISTEROUS, NOISY.
signaling, n. Spec, beckoning, waft {rare), 2. noiseless, quiet, still, dumb,
inaudible,
wafture {rare), etc.; spec heliography, stilly {poetic), hush {em-
{archaic), dumb
telegraphy, etc. phatic); spec hushful, echoless {poetic or
signatory, a. signing, signatary; spec, co- rhetorical), tuneless.
signatory. Antonyms: see loud, boisterous, noisy,
signature, n. 1. Referring to the mark: sub- SILENT.
i^^ Cross references: see Note. indicate. signification: expression,
Bisn, V. i.: gesture. signalment: description. •meaning, sign.
signal, a.: conspicuous. signet: seal. significative: significant, sym-
signal, 1). i.: gesture. significance: meaning, bolic, expressive, indicative.
signalize: signal, distinguish. poTtance. signory: lordship, domain.
'
See Notes of Explanation.
388
 . —
SINCERE
5. See NOKvocAii. simpleton, n. lighthead, simple, stupid,
silently, adi). speechlessly, dumbly, wantwit (archaic or literary), jay (slang or
mutely, npiselessly, etc. colloq.), nincompoop (contemptvMis; ^col-
Antonyms: see aloxid, noisily. loq. or slang), geek (obs. or dial.), gaby
sUloeous, a. silicious (less usual). (colloq. or dial.); spec, gawky or (undigni-
silky, o. 1. silken, sericeous (tech.), flossy; fied) gawk, greennorn (colloq^), gander,
spec, satiny. gulpin, gull, noddy, gump (U. S.; vulgar),
a. See INGBATIATINQ, SMOOTH, SOFT, tony (rare or archaic), spoon (slang or col-
DOWNY. loq), spoony (slang or colloq.), m'nny,
Bill, n. Spec, threshold. ninnyhammer, idiot (colloq.), soft cv softy
silly, n. featherhead, goosey; all three (slang), ass,simpkin (rare), clown,
colloq.; sse simpleton. Gothamist or Gothamite (rare; fi^.),
silver, n. argent (archaic,
poetic, or her.). booby (colloq. or slarig), juggins (shmg),
silver, a. argental (learned or tech.), argen- jobbernowl (colloq.), innocent (euphemis-
tine (rare), silvern (archaic or poetic), tic), goose (colhq.), noodle; see block-
white (obs. or archaic). head (referring esp. to the lack of un-
silver-haired, a. white-haired, silvered. derstanding), fool (referring to extreme
silvery, a. 1. silver (chiefly poetic), argent deficiency of the faculty of understanding).
(literary or tech.), argenteous (rare), ar- simplicity, n. 1. Spec, artlessness, hum-
gentine (rare) bleness, lowliness, unaffectednesa.
2. See CLEAR; melodious. 2. simple-mindedness, simpleness, niai-
simian, a. apeUke, apish; spec, baboonish, serie (French), innocence, unsophisticat-
catarrhine. edness, unsophistication, naivetfi, sim-
simian, n. ape (chiefly spec), monkey, plesse (archaic), silliness (archaic); spec.
jackanapes (archaic); spec. Jocko, ba- unsuspiciousness, ignorance.
boon, gorilla, catarrhine, etc. Antonyms: cf. the adjectives mentioned
similar, a. resembling, resemblant (rare); under simple, S.
spec, like, alike (a predicative), such, con- 3. plainness, simpleness, homeliness, sim-
similar, conspecinc, conformable; see plesse (archaic), rusticity, frugality, nat-
analogous. uralness.
similarity, n. resemblance, similitude Antonyms: see luxury.
(rare); spec. Ukeness, alikeness (rare; a 4. uncompoundness (rare), incomposite-
predicative), consimilarity (rare), parity; ness (rare); see purity.
see analogy. 6. easiness, plainness, straightforward-
similarly, a. likewise (as in "to do like- ness.
viise," etc.; archaic). simplify, v. t. disintricate (rare); spec.
simple, a. 1. See artless, insignificant, abbreviate (math.).
MERE, UNAFFECTED. _
Antonyms: see complicate.
3. simple-minded, innocent, vmsQphis- sin, n. transgression (formal), offense (con-
ticated, onefold (rare), guileless, inarti- textual) wrong, wickedness, crime, piacle
^

ficial, silly (archaic); see unsuspecting. (rare), iniquity, debt (Biblical), trespass
Antonyms: see affected, artful. (rare or Biblical), error (contextual), pec-
8. plain; spec, homely, homelike, russet, cancy (rare); spec, peccadillo.
rustic, rural, frugal, natural, native, sin, V. i. transgress (formal or literary), of-
homespun (fi^.), Attic. fend, trespass (BiUical), err (esp. in "to
Antonyms: see ambitious, showy, lux- err is human, to forgive divine").
urious, elaborate, fantastic, gaudy, since, adv. 1. See ago.
ornamental. 2. subsequently, later, afterwards.
4. uncompounded, unmixed, incompos- sincere, a. 1. See pure.
ite (learned or rare), single, elemental or 2. In the sense of "not containing any ele-
elementary, incomplex (rare); see pure, ment of insincerity" : genuine,
real, true,
unadulterated. unfeigned, single (literary), unaffected,
Antonyms: see complex, -composite. simple, honest, deceitless (rare).
6. easy, plain, uninvolved, straightfor- Antonyms: see insincere, specious,
ward. trifling.
Antonyms: see unsolvable. 3. In the sense of "characterized by sincer-

tS' Cross references: see Note. similitude: counterpart, like' simpleness: arUessness, simr
silly: foolish, ivibeciie, unwise, ness, comparison, allegory. plicity.
absurd, slmzaer: stew. simulate: pretend, resemble.
silt: deposit. simony: traffic. simulation: pretense, resem-
silvan, a.: woodland, woody, simper: smile. blance.
rural. simple, n.; ignoramus, simple- simulative: resembling, [ous.
simile: comparison. ton. simultaneous: contemporane-

tS' See Notes of Explanation.

26
389
 .

SINCERITY
Uy," and referring to persons, their actions, bard, minnesinger, troubadour, gleeman,
etc.: honest, honorable, hearty, cordial, hymner, hymnist, lUadist (fig.), rhapso-
simple (rare or literary), single (literary), dist, psalmodist, cantor, succentor.
direct, straight (colloq,), straightforward, 3. Referring to females: songstress, can-
undeceitful, fraudless (rare), single- tatrice (Italian); spec, chantress (poetic or
hearted, whole-hearted, single-minded, archaic), soprano or (rare) sopramst, alto,
heart-whole (rare), single-eyed (rare), contralto, nightingale (fig.), siren, prima
heartful (rare), unaffected; spec, devout. donna.
Antonyms: see affected, insincere. 4. Referring to birds: song bird, songster,
sincerity, n. 1. See purity. songstress (fem.); spec, warbler, whistler.
2. reality, truth, trueness, genuineness, singing, a. cantatory (rare).
singleness (J,iterary), simplicity, honesty, singing, n. 1. Spec, modulation (rare),
sterlingness. charm, cantillation (rare), intonement,
Antonyms: see insincebitt. humming, minstrelsy, hymnody.
S. honesty, honorableness, heartiness, 2.See INTONATION.
cordiahty, cordialness, singleness (liter- single, a. 1. See alone (as being apart
ary), single-heartedness, smgle-minded- from others), individual (as being consid-
ness, whole-heartedness, devotion, sim- ered separately), one (as being the only
phcity (rare or literary), integrity, direct- one), simple (as being made up of one pari
ness, straightforwardness. only), SINCERE, mere.
Antonyms: see insincerity. 2. sole; spec, cehbate.
sinewy, a. 1. wiry, stringy (colloq.), whip- sink, n. 1. Spec, cesspool, hollow, drain,
cordy (rare), nervous (rare), nervy (rare). basin.
2. See STRONG, FORCIBLE. 2. Referring to a place where things sink in
sinful, a. transgressive (rare), wicked, and are lost: spec, slough, mire, quick-
wrong, wrongful, piacular (lare), peccant sand, hole.
(literary), sinning, peccable (literary); 3. Referring to a place of moral degradation:
spec, blamable, corrupt. cloaca (fig.), sewer (fig.).
Antonyms: see sinful, blameless, holt, sink, V. i. 1. submerge (rare), subside (rare);
INNOCENT. spec, founder, poach (in walking).
sing, V. i. 1. Spec, lilt, melodize (rare), Antonyms: see emerge, float.
descant, warble, chant (archaic or poetic), 2. Referring to a giving way, as under
carol (chiefly poetic), melody (rare), choir emotion, etc.: fail, coUapse, subside
(poetic), troUol (rare), yodel, hum, troll, (chiefly spec); spec, drop, lapse; see fall.
smgsong (rare), hymn, psalmodize, lullaby 3. See SUBSIDE (referring to the lowering,
(rare). as of a body of water, etc.), penetrate,
2. Referring to birds: flute, whistle, pipe; DESCEND, PALL, DEGENERATE, LANGUISH,
spec, warble, lilt, carol, crow. DISAPPEAR, CHANGE.
3. See CRY, HUM, RING. sink, V. t. 1. submerge, submerse (rare);
sing, V. 1. utter (contextual), raise (con^
t. spec, plunge, founder, swamp see ; drown.
textual), spec, hit, chant (archaic or poet- Antonyms: see raise, float.
ic), carol (chiefly poetic), warble, bear (in 2. See LOWTIR, INSERT, IGNORE, DEPRESS,
"to bear a part"; archaic), modulate LOSE, DEGRADE, ABASE, PAT, RUIN.
(rare), choir (poetic), yodel, troU, intone, sinklike, a. coUuvial (rare)
cantillate (rare), monotone, succent sinless, a. innocent, righteous, impecca-
(rare), hum, timbrel, lullaby, psalm, ble, blameless, unspotted; see holt.
quaver. Antonyms: see wicked, sinpul, blam-
2. See INTONE, CELEBRATE, PROCLAIM. able, CORRUPT.
singer, n. 1. Referring to males or females: sinner, n. transgressor (which see), tres-
vocalist (rare), voice, songster; spec. passer, offender, wrongdoer, malfeasant;
descanter (rare), chanter (chiefly poetic), spec, reprobate.
melodist (rare), warbler, caroler, choris- Antonyms: see innocent.
ter, precentor, orpheonist. sinuosity, n. curve (contextual), crook
2. Referring to males: songman (rare), (contextual), sinuation (rare), bend (con-
cantator (rare); spec, bass, barytone, textual); spec, undulation, wave, wind,
tenor, falsetto, warbler, yodler, minstrel. winding, flexuosity, crinkle.
XW^ Cross references; see ^Jote. singletree: whippleiree. dividualize.
sinew: ligament, strength. singsong, n.: monotone. sinister: dishonest, harmful,
Binge: hum. singsong, a.: monotonous. wicked, significant, threatening,
single, V. t.: separate, distin- singular: one, individual, odd, unfavorable, Ul-omened, left.
extraordinary, unique. sinistral: left.
single-handed: unaided. singularity: oneness, individu- sinistrous: ill-omened.
single-hearted.: sincere. ality, oddity, quality. sinuate: sinuoTis.
singleness: sincerity, celibacy. singularize: distinguish, in- sinuation: winding, sinuosity.
|^° See Notes ol Explanation.
390
 SKIN
sinuous, a. crooked, curved, curving, sinu- skeleton, n. 1. anatomy {archaic, exc
ate, sinuated (rare), sinuose {rare), wind- spec), atomy (archaic).
ing, undulating, wavy, zigzag (contextmd); 2. Referring to a very thin person or ani-
spec, flexuous (chiefly tech.), flexuose, mal: scrag, gangrel (archaic), anatomy
vennieular, vermiculate, tortuous, cir- (archaic), atomy (obs. or jocular).
cuitous, serpentine, anfractuous {rare). 3. See STRUCTURE, OUTLINE.
Antonyms: see straight. skeptic, re. doubter, freethinker, minimi-

sip, V. i. &
n. sup. fidian (rare); spec. Pyrrhonist.
sister, n. 1. Spec, cadette. Antonyms: see believer (qf. belibvb).
2. associate {conttxtiuil); spec. nun. skeptical, doubtful,
a. skeptic, spec.
sisterhood, n. 1. sistership. Pyrrhonian or Pyrrhonic.
2. association (contestwa/), sistemity(rore; Antonyms: «ee believing.
a barbarism); spec.'nunnery. skepticism, n. doubt; spec. Pyrrhonism,
sit, V. i. 1. Spec, set (referring to a hen; nihilism.
commonly considered bad usage), incubate Antonyms: see belief.
(tech.), squat; see perch. skill, re. 1. abihty, expertness, dexterity,
Anton^TOS:see STAND, KNEEL, LIE, BUSTLE. proficiency, cleverness, address, expert-
2. Referring to a body convening for busi- ness, mastery, mastership (rare), master-
ness: meet. hood (rare), technique (tech.), featness
8. See STAY, LIE, POSE. (archaic), cimning (archaic), sleight (ar-
sit, re. Referring to the act: sit-down (rare). chaic); spec, perfection, science, art,
"Sit" is rare. craft (rare), handicraft (rare), adroitness,
sit, V. t. Spec. ride. handiness, deftness, adeptness, virtuosity.
sitting, a. sedent (rare). Antonyms: cf. skillful.
sitting, n. 1. Referring to the act: session 2. See TACT.
(rare). skillet, n. saucepan, stewpan.
Antonyms: see standing. skillful, a. able (contextual), skilled, ex-
2. See SESSION, seat. pert, habile (literary), canny (Scot.; ar-
situation, n. 1. See PLACE, POSITION, chaic), clever, proficient, slick (slang), fa-
STATE. cile (chiefly literary), dexterous, good (con-
2. juncture, scene. textual); spec, adept, masterly, clean,
six, a. senary (rare). neat, perfect, deft, adroit, handy, ingen-
six, re. 1. Spec, sise or size (archaic or ious, feat (archaic), cunning (archaic), art-
rare). ful (archaic), crafty (archaic), knacky (col-
2. sextuplet (chiefly spec), hexad. loq.), wise, workmanly, workmanlike,
six- angled, a. hexagonal or (rare) hexan- scient (rare), sleighty (archaic), tight
gular (learned). (chiefly dial.), dsedal (chiefly poetiwd),
six-columned, a. hexastyle (architecture). IDaedalian; see tactful, trained.
sixfold, a. sextuple (learned). Antonyms: see unskillful, awkward,
sixfold, V. t. sextuple (rare), sextuply (obs. CLUMSY, CRUDE.
or rare). skim, V. 1. 1. scum (rare), despumate (rare);
sixpence, re. kick (slang), tizzy (slang), spec, cream.
she (slang; obs. or rare). 2. See COVER, slight.
six-sided, a. hexahedral (learned or tech.). skimmed, a. Referring to milk: fleet (chief-
sixty, re. threescore; spec, sexagenary. ly dial.).
size, re. 1. magnitude, bulk, volume, big- skin, re. 1. Referring to the integument of a
ness, greatness, grossness (archaic or obsl), vertebrate: covering (contextual), integu-
quantity (obs., exc. math.), amplitude ment (tech. or learned); spec membrane,
(chiefly spec; formal or literary); spec. coat, hide, pelt, rind, leather (slang),
fell,
measure, measurement, content, foho; case (rare), jacket (colloq.), buff, felt
see WIDTH. (dial.), peltry (a collective), derma or (Jess
2. See extent, area. usual) dermis, epidermis, cutis, cuticle,
size,V. t. I. Spec, adjust, gauge. corium, scarf skin, sheath, parchment,
2. See CLASSIFY, arrange. mort, crop, kip, shagreen, butt, woolfell,
skein, re. Spec, bottom, hank, hasp. parfleche, lambskin, deacon; see fub.

t^ Cross referenus: see Note. sizable: considerable. skew, n.: inclination.

sir; Tnaater. sizz: hiss. skewer: pin.
sire: father. sizzle: hiss, glow. skid: slide.
siren: monster. skate: glide. skilful: variant of skillful.
sirrah: master. skeletal: thin. skilled: skillful.
aiBs: hiss. skelter: rush. skim, n.: glance.
site: place, sketch, 0. t.: outline. skim, V. i.: glance, glide.
situate, v. ^.* place. sketchy: unfinished. skimp, a.: scanty.
situated: circumstanced. skew, a.: inclined. skimp, V. i.: economize.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

391
 —

SKIN
2. Referring to the skin of various animals textual); spec, smack, cuff, clap, dab,
other than the vertebrates: covering (con- box, sidehit, spank (chiefly spec).
textual), coat, integument; spec, tunic. 2. See CLAP, REPROOF.
3. Referring to the covering of fruits: spec. slap, v. t. 1. strike (contextual), hit (con^
integument, peel, rind, epicarp {tech.), textual); spec, smack, cuff, clap, box,
jacket {colloq. or slang), parings (pi.); see spank.
HULL, BARK. 2. Spec, reprove, clap.
Antonyms: see flesh. slap,V. i. Spec, slipslop, slipslap; see flap.
4. See FILM, PACING, envelope, mem- slattern, n. sloven, slut, drab, trollop,
brane, EXTJVIUM. dowdy, dab (rare; colloq.), trapes (colloq.
skin, a. dermal (tech.; often spec), cuticu- or dial.), draggle-tail (colloq.), doUy (col-
lar (often spec), integumental, cutaneous loq.), sl&mmakin (chiefly dial.).
(often spec); spec, epidermal (tech.), epi- slatternly, a. slovenly (which see), sluttish,
dermic (tech.), epidermatous (rare; tech.). drabbish, dabbish (rare).
skin, strip (chiefly contextual), flay,
v. t. 1. slaughter, n. 1. Referring to the killing of
bark (slang); spec, hide (rare), excoriate, animals for food: butchering, butchery
decorticate (fig.), pelt (obs.), case (cant (now chiefly or only as an aitrib., as in
or obs.), scalp. "butchery business").
2. Spec, peel, pare, pill (archaic), rind 2. killing (contextual), butchery, carnage,
(rare), bark; see decorticate. slaughter; spec, bloodshed, massacre,
3. See COVER. holocaust, hecatomb.
skinlike, a. dermatoid, dermoid, dermoi- slaughter, v. t. 1. See butcher.
dal; all three tech. 2. kill (contextual), massacre.
skinned, a. bare (contextual), excoriated slaughterer, n. butcher, butcherer, flesher
(learned or tech.), raw. (chiefly Scot.); spec, knacker.
skinny, a. 1. cutaneous, membranous. slaughterhouse, n. butchery, abattoir
2. See THIN. (French; chiefly spec), shambles (pi.; ob-
skirmish, v. i. pickeer (archaic).
fight, solescent or fig).
skirmislier, n. fighter, tirailleur (French); slave, n. 1. bondman, bondsman, neif
spec, sharpshooter. (hist.), serf (chiefly spec), bondmaid
sUrt, n. 1. Spec overskirt, petticoat, crin- (Jem.), bondwoman (fem.), bondslave,
oline, hoopskirt, jupe (French), basque, thrall (literary or hist.), theow (archaic or
lappet, kilt, draggle-tails or (obs. or dial.) hist.); spec, contraband (U. S.), black
daggle-tails (pi.), fustanella. bird (coUoq.), galley slave, native (hist.),
2. See BORDER, EDGE, SUBURB. gallerian (rare), odalisque, hierodule
See frolicsome.
skittisli, a. 1. (Greek hist.), mameluke (hist.), villein
2. Of ahorse: shy (rare), bogglish (rare). (hist.), carl (obs. or hist.), vassal (hist.),
skull, n. head (contextual), headpiece (ar- helot (Greek hist.), peon (Spanish Amer-
chaic w colloq.); spec, cranium (tech.), ican), captive (hist.).
brainpan (archaic or tech.), braincase, Antonyms: see master.
skullcap, death's-head. 2.See SUBJECT.
slag, n. 1. cinder, clinker, clink. slavery, o. 1. bondage, servitude, serviture
2. See LAVA. (rare), thralldom (literary), enthrallment
slant, n. slope, inclination; spec, bias, (rare), enthralldom (rare; chiefly fig.),
steep; see slope, inclination. thrall yoke (fig.), slavedom
(archaic),
slap, n. 1. stroke (contextual), blow (con- (rare), serfdom or serfage or serfhood

t^ Cross references: see Note. slack, 71.; coal. slant, V. i.: glance, fall, diverge.
skinflint: niggard. slack, V. £.; moderate, loose, re- slant, V. t.: incline, slope.
skip, rt.: jump, caper, glance, in- lax, slow, appease, abate. slanting: inclined.
termission, interval, interspace, slack, V. i.: moderate, relax, slow, slantwise, adv.: obliquely.
omission. abate. slantwise, a,; inclined.
skip, fl. i.; jump, caper, glance, slacken, v. I.: retard, moderate, clash, 71,; blow, gash, slit, switch.
depart. relax, loose, abate. slash, D.t.; gash, reprove, switch,
skip, V. t.: omit, ignore, jump. slacken, v. i.: moderate, loose, slash, V. i.: strike.
skipper: captain. relax, abate. slashed: gashed, slit.
skirmish, n. fight. slake, V. i.: moderate. slashing: sarcastic.
skirt, vv. (.: border, edge, pass. slake, V, t,: moderate, appease, slat, n.: rod.
skit, n.: satire, rain. extinguish. slat, n. &
v.: flap.
slcive, 71,; paring. slam, 71,; blow, impact. slate: tablet, list.
skive, V. t.: pare. slam, V. t.: dash, shut, strike. slave, a,; servile.
skulk, V. i.: lurk, sneak. slander, n.: disparagement, slave, V. i.: enslave, drudge.
skulk, 71,; shirk. defamation. slaver, n.: slobber, nonsense.
skunk: wretch. slander, v. L: disparage. slaver, v. i. & t.: slobber.
sky: heaven. slanderous: disparaging. slavish: servile, base, abject.
skyward : heavenward. slang:, n.: jargon, language. slay: kill.
slab: plate, flag, board, table. slant, a.: inclined. sleazy: flimsy.

fS" See Notes of Explanation.

392

{chiefly spec.); apec. villeinage
vassalage helotism (Greek hist.),
(hist.),
peonage (Spanish Amer.), captivation.
Antonyms: see freedom.
2. See DRUDGERY.
sled, n. t. sledge, drag, boat
"stoneboai").
2. sledge (chiefly British), sleieh (chiefly
spec); spec, bobsled, bobsleigh, carriole
(Canada), cutter (U. S.), pung (U. S.),
train (Canada), toboggan, jumper (U. S.
and Canada).
sleep, n. rest (contextiud), repose (con-
1.
textual), slumber
(chiefly spec, or used in
pi.), balmy (slang), dormancy (rare or
learned), sopition (rare), hypnosis; also
(giving forms of profound sleep, in order of
increased intensity) sopor, coma, stupor,
lethargy, earns.
2. [cap^ Referring to the personificaMon
of sleep: Morpheus, Somnus, Hypnos
(Greek myth.). Dustman (colloq. used with
"the"). Sandman (colloq.; mth "the").
S. Referring to a time or occasion of sleep-
ing: rest (contextiud), doss (slang or cant);
spec, slumber, drowse, doze, nap, snooze
(colloq.), nod, wink (colloq.), dog sleep,
catnap, siesta.
4. See DEATH, NUMBNESS.
2. See KNIFE, BAR, SHOVEL.
sleep, V. i. 1. rest (contextual), repose (for-
mal or affected; slum- slice, V. t. section (contextual), cut (context-
contextual); spec,
ber, doze, drowse, nap, nod, snooze Icol- ual), sectionize (rare); spec, leach (ar-
loq.), bundle, he. chaic); see PARE.
2. numb (rare).
sleepiness, n. sluggishness (contextual),
drowsiness, heaviness, lethargy (literary
or spec), dullness (contextual), somno-
lence or somnolency (rare), oscitancy
(rare), oscitation (rare); spec, doziness,
hypnaesthesis (med.), kef or keif or kief
(literary or Oriental).
sleeping, a. asleep; spec slumbering, doz-
ing, dead, unwakeful (rare), dormant (lit-
erary or learned).
sleeping, n. slumbering, dozing, etc., dor-
mi tion (rare); spec, mcubation (Greek
religion).
sleepless, a. slumberless, wakeful, insom-
nious, insomnolent (rare).
sleeplessness, n. wakefulness, insomnia.
sleepwalker, n. somnambulist, somnam-
bule (rare), somnambulator (rare).
sleepwalking, a. somnambulant.
sleepy, a. slumbery, slumberous, drowsy,
heavy, heavy-headed, lethargic or (rare)
lethargical (literary or spec), Morphean
(fig.), oscitant (rare); spec, dozy, nod-
ding, dozing, etc, comatose (rare), somno-
SLIMY
(hist.), lent or somnolescent (literary), dull (con-
textual).
Antonyms: see wakeful.
sleeve, n. 1. arm; spec, gigot, mousque-
taire (French), umon (tech.), manche
(chiefly in (obs. antiquarian, oi her.), mancheron
(her.).
2. In machinery: tube;spec, gland, thim-
ble,bush.
slender, a. 1. Referring to spare or poor
animals: see thin.
2. Referring to an object: attenuated (lit-
erary), small, thin, slim; spec, slimmish,
slight, gracile, lithe, fine, exile (archaic),
delicate, tenuous, exiguous (rare), elon-
fate, linear, waspy, spindling, thread-
ke.
Antonyms: see big, coarse.
8. See MEAGER, SCANTY.
slenderness, n. 1. See thinness.
2. attenuation (literary), thinness; spec.
tenuity, tenuousness, sUmness, slightness,
graciUty (rore), fineness, exility (archaic),
delicacy, exiguity (rare).
3. Spec, meagerness, scantiness.
slice, n. 1. piece (contextual), section (con-
textiud), out (contextual); spec shaving,
cantle, coUop, bard, steak, rasher, flitch,
chop, divot (Scot.), pht; see paring.
slide, V. i. 1. move
(cmitexlual), pass (con-
spec, coast (U. S.),
textual), glide, slip;
skid, toboggan, avalanche, glissade.
Antonyms: see engage.
8. See steal.
slide, V. t. move (contextual), pass (contexts
ual),s\vp; spec. skid.
slide, n. sUp, glide; spec, coast (U. S.),
skid, glissade.
slight, a.1. See slender, gentle, small,
meager, unimportant.
2. weak, frail, flimsy, delicate, unsub-
stantial.
slight, V. t. 1. See disregard.
2. Referring to failure in doing something:
neglect, scamp, skim, slur.
3. Referring to treatment of others: neglect,
snub, cold-shoulder (coUoq.); spec, cut,
ignore.
slime, n. I. mud, ooze.
2. Referring to animal or vegetable sub-
stances: glair, gleet (rare, exc spec); spec.
mucus, semen.
slimy, a. viscous (learned or tech.), slip-
pery (contextual), lubricous (literary), lim-

^P Cross references: see Note. sleight: trick, skill, trickery. slighting: disrespectful, disre-
flledge, n.: aled. slick, a.; smooth, plump, skill- gardfvl, disparaging.
sleek: amooth, plump. M. slim: slender.
sletffh: tiled. stick, V. t: smooth, polish. slime, V. t.: muddy.

KW See Notes ot Explanation.

393
 —

SLING
ous (rare); spec, slobbery, mucous, mu- (colloq. inelegant), Grabian
and (literary;
culent (rare), oozy. slattern.
rare); see
sling, n. 1. slingshot; spec, catapult (Brit- Antonyms: see dandy.
ish),shanghai (Australia), staffsling. slovenliness, n. untidiness, frowziness,
2.See THBOW. sluttishness (contemptuous), sluttery
sllng, n. loop; spec, parbuckle. (obs.), slatternliness, etc.
slipper, n. pantofle (chiefly hist.); spec. slovenly, a. 1. untidy, unkempt, frowzy,
mule, papoosh or papouche or pabouch, blowzy, blowzed, sloppy (colloq.), slob-
pump. bery (colloci.), slouchy (colloq.), grubby
slipper- shaped, a. soleiform, calceiform, (colloq.), slipshod (primarily spec), slut-
calceolate; aU three tech. or learned. tish (very contemptuous), tacky (colloq.);
slippery, a. 1. smooth, lubricous (literary), see SLATTERNLY.
slippy (colloq.), gliddery (dial.), slithery 2. See CARELESS.
(dial.), slither (dial.), sliddery (colloq.), Antonyms: see dandy.
lubric (rare), lubricate (rare); see slimy. slow, a. 1. See dull, sluggish, late, de-
2. See tmcEHTAiN, elusive, dishonest, liberate.
EVASIVE. 2. unready, unhasty (rare), behindhand,
slit, n. 1. cut (contextual); spec, (in a behind.
dress) slash, pane, pink, jag (hist.). Antonyms: see ready.
2. See CLEFT. S. sluggish, slack, tardy, dilatory, lazy,
slit, a. cut (contextual), slashed, jagged unspeedy (rare), testudinous (rare; fig.);
(hist.), pinked. spec, gradual.
slobber, v. i. slaver, drivel, slabber, drib- Antonyms: see sudden, rapid.
bli;, drool (dial, or colloq.; U. S.). slow, V. t. slacken, slack; see retard.
slobber, v. t. I. dirty (contextual), slaver, Antonyms: see quicken.
slabber, beslobber (an intensive), beslaver slow, V. i. slacken, slack. "Slow" is chiefly
(an intensive; chiefly dial.), drivel (rare), used with "up."
bedrivel (an intensive; rare). Antonyms: see quicken.
2. See UTTER. sluggard, n. slug (rare or archaic), do-
slobber, n. Spec, saliva (learned or tech.), Uttle (colloq.), drone (fig.), slugabed (ar-
slaver, drivel, dribblings (pi.), slabber, chait), lurdan (archaic).
dribble, drool (dial, or colloq.; U. S.). sluggish, a. 1. inactive, dull, inert, slow,
slope, n. 1. slant (contextual), ramp (chief- listless, sluggard, heavy, sleepy (fig. or
ly tech.); incline, inclination (rare as ap- spec), drowsy, dopey (slang), torpid, tor-
plied to the surface), cant (chiefly tech.); pent (rare), logy (U. S.; colloq.), sullen
spec, pitch, declivity (considered as sloping (literary), languid (fig. and literary), lan-
downward), acclivity (considered as slop- guishing (Jig. and literary), lentitudinous
ing upward), grade (17. S.), gradient (rare), lymphatic (rare; fig.), phlegmatic
(Eng.), bevel, batter, bezel, talus, espla- (rare or fig.).
nade, counterslope, glacis, calade, hill- Antonyms: see active, alert, nimble,
side; see DESCENT, ASCENT. rapid.
2. Referring to the fact or condition: see 2. See DULL, INSENSIBLE, SLOW.
INCLINATION. sluggishness, n. inactivity, dullness, tor-
slope, slant, cant (chiefly tech.);
V. i. incline, por, inertness, etc.
spec, recede, tilt; see descend, ascend. sluice, n. 1. gate; spec, hatch, waste,
sloping, a. inclined, slant, sloped, aslant, floodgate.
aslope (rare; only predicative), declivi- 2. See CHANNEL.
tous (chiefly spec.) ; spec, shelving, shelvy, slush, n. sludge, slosh; see mud.
bevel, descending, ascending. slushy, a. sludgy, sloshy (rare), plashy,
sloven, n. slouch (colloq. or slang), slob sloppy, slipsloppy (rare); see muddy.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. sliver: fragment. slough, V. t.: shed.
sling, V. t.: throw. sloop; ship. slough, «. i".: scab,
sling, 71.: loop, hoist. slop, n.: garment, trousers. sloughy: scabbed.
slink, V, i.: steal, sneak. slop, 71.: spill, food. sludge: mud.
slip, n.: clay. slop, V. t.: spill. slue: turn, deviate.
slip, 71.: graft, youth. sloppy: wet, slovenly, slushy. slug: missile.
slip, 71.: leash, gown, inatten- slops: drink. sluggard, a.: lazy, sluggish.
tion, error, slide, glide, misstep, slot: hole. sluice, V. t: drain, wash.
avalanche, blunder. sloth: laziness. slumber: sleep.
slip, V. i.: glide, slide, steal, pass, slouch, 71.: clown, sloven, gait, slumberous, slumbrous:
escape, err, misstep, blunder. droop, stoop. sleepy.
slip, V. t.: slide, place, remove, slouch, V. 1. : droop, walk. slumbery: sleepy.
withdraw, free, loose, displace, slouch, V. t: incline, slump, V. i.: fall, depreciate.
miss, omit, avoid, slough, n.: sink, marsh, pool. slur, V. t: disparage, slight.
slipshod: slovenly. slough, 71.: scab, exuvium. slush, 11.t: muddy.

US' See Notes of Explanation.

394
 —

SMOOTH
Small, a. 1. See blender. 2. Referring to the act: snifiF, snuff, scent;
1. Referring to physical size: diminutive, olfaction (rare).
little, lilliputian (fig, or allusive); spec. 3. odor, scent (chiefly spec); spec, stink,
smallest, petite, dapper, pygmy or pigmy, stench, fume, mephitis (tech.), malodor,
fine, puny, elfin {fig.), minikin, miniature, tang, perfume (oflert in a generalized liter-
lesser, toyish {rare), comminuted; see ary zise), aroma, incense, flavor, redo-
MINUTE, DWAKF. lence, fragrance or (less usiud) fragrancy,
Antonyms: see large, immense, big, nosegay, savor, essence (archaic), bou-
COARSE, ENORMOUS, GRAND. quet, hogo (obs. or dial.), drag, nidor
S. Referring to quantity or to some mental (obs. or rare), empyreuma.
aspect or consideration: slight, narrow, 4. See TRACE.
limited, trifling, inextensive {rare), slen- smell, V. t. 1. scent, nose (rare), savor
der, little, light j spec, least, faint or {less (rare); spec, snuff, sni£f.
emphatic) faintish, inconsiderable, drib- 2. <See DISCOVER, suspect.
bling, smallest, infinitesimal, petty, re- smell, nose (rare); spec,
V. i. 1. sniff, snuff,
mote, less, nice, evanescent, skin-deep. scent.
Antonyms: see large, great, consider- 2. savor (archaic), scent (rare); spec.
able, GRAND, ENORMOUS. reek, stink, draw.
4. See FEW, LOWLY, PAINT, SHRILL, IN- smelt, V. t. fuse, melt, reduce, run.
SIGNIFICANT, WEAK, MEAN. smile, V. i. grin (spec, or depreciatory);
small-headed, a. microcephalic, micro- spec, smirk, simper, fleer, sneer.
cephalous; both tech. Antonyms: see cry, frown.
smallpox, n. pox {obs.), variola {tech.). smiling, a. grinning (spec, or depreciatory);
smart, a. 1. iSee brisk, vigorous, rapid, spec, smirking, etc.
INTELLIGENT, CLEVER, SHARP, STYLISH. smith, n. worker {contextual), forger, Cy-
2. spruce, trim, fine, dapper, showy, nat- clops (fig.; classical myth.), hammerman
ty (colloq.), chic ^French), gallant {ar- (rare), hammersmith (rare); spec, striker,
chaic); spec, smartish, stylish, saucy, rak- tilter, blacksmith, whitesmith, goldsmith,
ish, perk (colloq.), elegant {colloq.), nobby silversmith, locksmith.
(slang). smoke, n. 1. fume (archaic), smudge (now
smatter, n. knowledge (contextual or eu- U. S.), reek (literary or Scot. dial.); &
phemistic), smattering, smatch. spec, smolder, smother, suffumigation
smatter, v. i. dabble. (rare), pother (rare), funk (slang); see in-
smear, v. t. 1. See anoint. cense.
2. Spec, smirch, smudge, smutch, smut, 2. See HAZE, EXHALATION, DUST.
stick, splotch, daub, bedaub (intensive), smoke, v. i. 1, fume, reek (literary or Scot.
plaster, beplaster (intensive), besmear (in- & dial.); spec, smolder, smudge (rare),
tensive), besmutch (rare), besmudge (in- smother (contextual), funk (slang), lunt
tensive), blur, gum, moil (archaic), coat, (Eng.).
gaum (dial, or colloq.), clam (obs. or dial.), 2. See RUSH, BAGB.
inunct (rare), oil, grease, begrease, rosin, smoke, v. t. 1. fumigate, fume, reek (liter-
butter, ruddle, pay, pitch, lime. ary or Scot. & dial.); spec, besmoke,
Antonyms: see clean. smudge, suffumigate (rare), tobacconize.
smear, n. smudge, smirch, smutch; spec. 2. Referring to tobacco or opium: puff.
daub, plaster, blur, coat, glair. smoker, n. puffer, tobacconalian (nonce
smearing, n. smudging, smirching, word); spec, piper (rare), pipeman (Tionce
smutty, etc.; spec, illimtion (obs. or rare), word).
unction (literarii). smoky, a. 1. fumy, fuliginous (literary or
smeary, a. smudgy, smirchy (rare); spec. learned), fumose (rare); spec, reeky,
dauby, splotchy, olottesque, etc. smudgy.
Antonyms: see clean. 2. See HAZY, SPRATLIKE.
smell, n. 1. Referring to the sense or faculty: smooth, a. 1. See even.
nose, scent, flair (French). 2. Referring to absence of physical rough-

ISP Cross references: see Note. smart, n. & v.: pain. smirch, v. t.: soil, stain, smear,
slut: slattern, bitch. smarten, v. t.; spruce. discredit. [credit.
sluttery: slovenliness. smash, v. t.: shatter, crush, smirch, n.: smear, stain. diS'
sly: artful, stealthy, hidden. strike, destroy, overwhelm. smirk: smile.
smack, n.:' slap. kiss. smash, v. i.: dash, crash, strike, smirking: smiling, affected.
smack, v. t: sound, slap, kiss. shatter, fail. smite, n.: stroke.
smack, n.: taste, trace. smash, n.: blow, collision, smite, V. t.: strike, kill, affect,
smack, o. i.: taste, savor. crash, failure. afflict, enamour.

smack, v.t: taste. smatoh, n.: trace, smatter. smite, r. 1.: strike.
smallest: minute, small. smattering: smatter. smolder, v. i.. bum, smoke.
small talk: gossip. smeUy: odorous. smolder, n.: fire. smoke.\

t^^See Notes ot Explanation.

395
 —

SMOOTH
ness to the feeling: spec, sleek, sleekish, worm (archaic); spec, viper, dipsas, Hy-
slick, silky, satin, satiny, soft, velvet, vel- dra (Greek myth.), Python (Greek myth.),
vety, glossy, glac6 (French), unruffled, constrictor.
ivory (fig.), glabrous, glare (U. S.), pol- snake, o. serpent, serpentine, ophidian
ished, levigate (tech.), spineless, fine- (tech.), ophic (rare), colubrine.
grained, glair; see slippery, gbeast. snake-charming, a. psyllic (rare).
Antonyms: see wrinkled, sough, bris- snakelike, snaky, serpentiform (rare),
a.
tly, PRICKLY, SCRATCHY. serpentine, colubrine (tech.; chiefly spec.);
3. agreeable {which see), easy, bland, spec, viperine, crotaUne.
suave, fair-spoken, soft-spoken, smooth- snake worship, ophiolatry.
spoken, smooth-tongued, silken (Jig.), snap, V. t. 1. See bite, seize, snatch,
silky (fig.), unctuous, unctious (rare), SHUT, PIBE, break.
oily, sleek, slick, glib; see plausible, in- 2. sound, crack; spec, crackle; see click.
gratiating, AGREEABLE. 3. jerk (contextual), flip, fillip; spec.
Antonyms: see roitgh, sharp, blunt, flick, whip.
CRABBED. snap, V. i. 1. See bite, grasp, utter,
i. In reference to the voice or a musical SPEAK.
sound: euphonious (learned or literary), 2. sound, crack; spec, click.
pure, clear, soft, liquid, running, flowing, 3. jerk (contextual), flip, fiJlip; spec, flick,
velvet, silky (fig.); spec, harmonious. whip.
Antonyms: see harsh. snap, n. 1. See bite, grasp, break, prost,
See CALM, UNEVENTFUL, BLAND.
6. FORCE.
smooth, V. 1. 1. See even. 2. sound (contextual), crack, report; spec.
S. smoothen (rare); spec, slick, sleek, crackle; see click.
sleeken, iron, pumice, roll, file, pounce, 3. jerk (contextual), fillip, flip; spec, flick,
float, unknit, velure, unwrinkle, dub, whip.
plane, hammer, planish; see polish. snare, n. 1. trap (contextual), noose,
Antonyms: see scratch, roughen, springe, snarl (ohs. or dial.); spec, springe.
scrape, corrugate, dishevel, pucker. 2. Fig.: see trap.
S. See gloze, handle, calm, platter, snare, v. t. 1. trap (contextual), ensnare,
EASE. catch, noose (rare), snarl (obs. or dial.);
smooth- haired, leiotrichous, lissotri-
a. spec. wire.
chous; both tech. or learned. 2. jSee TRAP.
Antonyms: see rough. snarl, V. i. growl, gnar (rare or dial.), gim
smuggled, a. uncustomed (rare), run (obs. or dial.).
(cant). sneak, v. i. 1. skulk, sUnk, lurk, crawl, slip
smuggler, n. freetrader
(conte:dual or miche (obs. or dial.).
(rare),
hist.), runner (cant), contrabandist (rare Antonyms: see stalk.
or literary). 2. See cringe.
smuggling, n. free trade (contextual or sneak, n. sneaker, skulker, slinker, sneaks-
hist.), contraband (literary). by (rare or obs.),
smut, n. 1. mark, black (esp. in ph), sneaking, a. 1. furtive (literary), sneaky,
smudge, crock; see smear. slinking, skulking.
S. See soot. Antonyms: see frank.
snafae, n. bridle; spec, bridoon. 2. See abject, mean.
snail, n. gastropod, hodmandod or dod- snell, n. snood. "Snell" is an Americanism.
man (now chiefly dial.). snlfl, V. i. 1. spurn (literary), snuff (obsoles-
snail-like, a. limaceous (tech.). cent).
snail-shaped, a. cochleate (tech.). 2. iSee INHALE.
snake, n. reptile (contextual), serpent (now snivel, spec, see whine, cant.
v. i. sniffle;
chiefly used of the larger or more venomous snob, n. flunkey, lackey, toady.
species, or rhetorical), ophidian (tech.), Antonyms: see gentleman, lady.
V^^ Cross references: see Note. smudgy: smoku, smeary. snatch, v. t.; seize, save.
smooth, n.: gloss. smug: tidy, self-satisfied. snatch, n.: seizure^ piece, meal,
smooth-faced: beardless. smutch, V. t.: smear, stain. song, strain.
smother, v. t.: suffocate, hide, smutty, a.: blackened, smeary, sneer: smile, laugh, jeer,
repress, suppress, deaden, ex- indecent, sneering: smiHng, conlemptw
tinguish. snack: lunch, meal. ous.
smother, u.i.: suffocate, smoke, snag: stump, projection, oi~ snicker: laugh.
burn. stacle, tooth. snlfl, V. t.: inhale, examine, per-
smother, n.: smoke, fire, dust, snaky : snakelike, deceitful, ceive, smell, suspect, utter,
haze. treacherous, winding. sniffle: snivel.
smoulder: variant of smolder. snappish: curt, irascible. snigger: lauuh.
smudge: smear. snarl; tangle. snip, V. t.: cut.
smudge, n.: smoke, fire. snarly: irascible, ill-tempered. snip, n.: piece, particle, cuL

i Notes of EzplanatlonJ
396
 SOFTEN
snobbery, n. Spec, flunkeydom, flunkey- sober, e^. t, I. solemnize, soberize (rare),
ism. steady.
snort, V. i. snore {dial.), snortle {dial.). A7itonym^: see intoxicate.
Antonyms: see snuff. 2. See moderate, dull.
snow, n. meteor {tech.; contextwd), fleece sobriety, n. sedateness, seriotisness, so-
(fig.); spec, flurry, slush, sleet, Fim {Ger- lemnity, etc.
man), n6v6 {French). sociable, a. 1. See social.
snowfall, 71. snow; spec, snowstonn, flur- 2. companionable, social, conversable,
ry {contextual), blizzard, buran. vis-a^vis {French), intersocial {rare), inter-
snowy, a. snowish, niveous {rare). communicative {rare); see affable, con-
Antonyms: see clear. vivial.
snub, a. Referring to the nose: snubby, Antonyms: see unsociable.
retroussd {French), rhinocerical {obs.). social, a. 1. See sociable.
Antonyms: see aquiline. 2. sociable, gregarious; spec, republican.
snufl, V. t. 1. Referring to a candle: crop, socialism, n. Spec, collectivism, commu-
snift {rare). nism, communalism.
8. See EFFACE. society, n. 1. See companionship, asso-
snuS, V. i. 1. inhale {contextual), snifi, ciation.
snift{now chiefly dial.); spec, snuffle. 2. Referring to the state: community
Antonyms: «ee snout. {rare); spec, democracy, aristocracy.
2. See SMELL. 3. company {now less v,sual than "soci-
snuSboz, n.'tabatiire {French). ety"), fashion, monde {French); spec.
snuggle, V. i. snug, nestle, nuzzle, cuddle, bonton {French; obs., rare or jocular),
hug, crowd, snoozle {rare). swelldom {colloq.).
soak, V. i. 1. seethe, steep; spec, souse. sock, n. 1. See shoe.
Antonyms: see dry. 2. half-hose.
2. See DRINK. socket, n. hole, pan {rare), nozzle {rare),
soak, V. t. 1. drench {contextual); spec, in- pit; spec, bucket, alveolus, budget {hist.),
fuse {rare or tech.), steep, seethe, sodden, tabernacle, step, pad, orbit, gudgeon,
souse, sop, sob {Eng. dial, and U. S.), pyxis, acetabulum, cotyle, crapaudine.
macerate. sod, n. 1. Referring to a piece: clod, turf,
Antonyms: see dry. divot {Scot.).
2. See DRENCH, ABSORB. 2. Referring to the surface of the ground:
8. Referring to plying with drink: liquor grass, turf, sward, grassland, greensward
{slang), hquefy {slang or jocular). {rhetorical or poetic). "Sod" is the ordi-
soaked, a. Spec, sodden, soggy, pappy, nary word, which often is used in poetic or
poachy, soppy. emotional contexts.
Antonyms: see dry. sofa, n. couch, settee {chiefly spec); spec.
soaplness, n. saponacity {jocular; rare). t6te-ll-t6te {French), causeuse {French),
soapy, a. saponaceous {tech. or learned); squab.
\spec, lathery. soft, a. U See gentle, mild, faint, east,
soar, V. i. 1. fly {contextual), plane {rare, polite, smooth, euphemistic, effemi-
exc. of an a^oplane). nate, FOOLISH, affectionate, KIND, IM-
2. See fly, rise. PRESSIBLE, complaisant.
sob, n. cry {contextual), singult {archaic), 2. yielding {contextiuil) ; spec, mellow,
singultus {rare). mushy, pasty, squashy, waxen, silky,
Antonyms: see laugh. silken, velvet, velvety, crummy, doughy,
sobbing, a. singultient {rare). downy, creamy, fleecy, flabby, flaccid,
sob;9r, a. I. See moderate, serious, ab- pulpy, plastic; see crumbly.
stemious, CALM, DULL, ACTUAL, MATTER- Antonyms: see hard, rigid.
OF-FACT. soften, V. t. 1. See mitigate.
2. sedate, serious, staid, grave, solemn, 2. moUify, milden, sweeten, attemper {lit-
commonplace, demure; spec, matronly, erary), intemper (rore), mellow, tender
matronal, heavy. {rare), humaiufy, humanize, melt, touch,
Antonyms: see amusing. dulcify {literary), unstarch {rare; fig.), re-
8. unintoxicated {formal or rare). lax, gentle {rare); see enervate, ef-
Antonyms: see drunken, intoxicated. feminate.
^^ Cross references: see Note.
 — . .

SOFTEN
Antonyms: see embitter, habden. colloq.), swad or swaddy
(slang; British),
3. Referring to physical softness: mollify salamander (slang; British), soldatesque
(rare), tender (iec/i. or spec), malaxate (a Gallicism), guffy (sailors' slang), mar-
(rare), intenerate (rare); spec, relax, mel- tialist (rare); spec private, recruit, con-
low, macerate. script, volunteer, martinet, brigander
4. Referring to the removal of harsh qual- (hist.), buffcoat, carabineer, carbineer,
ities: modify (contextiuil), edulcorate carmagnole (French Revolution), carpet
(chiefly tech.; rare), sweeten, tame; spec. knight, cataphract (Greek hist.), darter,
scumble, dull. duck (Anglo-Indian slang), effective, fenc-
Antonyms: see congeal, haedbn, solid- ible, franctireur (French), bersagliere
IFY. (Italian), fugleman, fusilier (British),
soften, See mitigate.
V. i. 1. galloglass (obs. or hist.), gendarme
2. mollify, mUden, sweeten, mellow, melt, (French), grayback (U. S.), confederate
dissolve, relax; see relent. (f7. guardsman, harque-
S.), grenadier,
softening, n. 1. See mitigation. busier or arquebusier, hayduck, Hessian,
2. mollification, sweetening, attempera- hopHte (Greek hist.), imperial, jayhawker
tion (rare), mellowing, dulcification (rare), (U. S.), janizary or janissary (Turkish
relaxation. hist.), javeUneer, jemadar (East Indian),
3. mollification (rare), tendering (chiefly kern, lance, lancer, lansquenet, lascar
tech.), malaxation (rare), inteneration (East Indian), linesman, lobster (slang;
(rare), relaxation; spec, emollition (rare), British), mameluke (hist.), marine, mili-
emollescence, malacia, maceration. tarist, miner, mousquetaire (French), mus-
soft-spoken, a. mincing, mealy or mealy- keteer, musketoon, myrmidon, partizan,
mouthed; see GENTLE, plausible, SMOOTH. peltast (Greek hist.), peninsular, provin-
Antonyms: see rough, surly, blupp. cial, petardeer or petardier, pioneer, pis-
soil, n. 1. earth (contextual), dirt (context- toleer, pontonnier, praetorian (Roman
ual; colloq.); spec, mold or mould (poetic hist.), ranger, rapparee, redcoat, regular,
or spec), loam, humus, fay, malm, marl, rifleman, rutter (archaic), saber, sapper,
green. sebundy (Anglo-Indian), sentinel, sepoy,
2. See couuTRT. siUadar (Anglo-Indian), servitor (obs. or
soil, V. i. 1. dirty^ sully (chiefly literary or archaic), sowar, spahi, spearman, striker
elevated); spec, foul, befoul, defile, besoil (cant), targeteer, territorial, timariot
(an intensive), besully (an intensive), de- (Turkish hist.), Turco, uhlan, veUte (Ro-
face, begrime, pollute, muck (now vulgar), man hist.), voltigeur (French), jager, yeo-
tar, grease, bespit, thumb, fingermark, man (British), Zouave, Hessian (hist.),
fin^r, track, grease, smear, smirch, amazon. Tommy Atkins or (for short)
stam, muddy, slobber, draggle, daggle, Tommy (British), doughboy (U. S.),
blacken, slop. Sammy (slang; rare; U.S.), boche (slang;
Antonyms: see clean, purify. a German), poilu (a French soldier); see
2. See CONTAMINATE. INFANTRYMAN, CAVALRYMAN.
soiled, a. dirty, suUied, soily; spec, greasy, soldierly, a. warlike, mihtary, martial.
thumbed, fmgermarked; see smeabt, soldiery, n. mihtary, legion (primarily Ro-
MUDDY, DRAGGLED, BLACKENED. man hist, and spec), troops (j>l.), forces
Antonyms: see dirty, clean, pure, (pi.); spec, rank, ranks (pi.), Ime, miUtia,
SPOTLESS. trainband, immortals (pi.). Ironsides
soiling, 71. dirtying, soilure (rare); spec. (pi.), rifle, horse, gendarmery (French),
defilement, befovdment (rare), deface- lootie (Anglo-Indian), lashkar (East Ivr-
ment, pollution. dian), musketry, chariotry, landsturm
solar, a. heliac or heliacal (rare). (Ger., Swedish, etc.), landwehr (Ger.,
solder, v. t. cement (rare; contextual), Swedish, etc.), opalchenie (Russia), re-
conferruminate (rare); spec, soft-solder, serves (pi.), redif (France).
braze. sole, n. tread; spec, insole, outsole,
Antonyms: see break. clump; referring to a shoe.
soldier, n. warrior (literary or elevated), sole, V. t. tap; spec, half-sole, cork.
man-of-war (archaic or jocular), man-at- sole, a. plantar (tech.)
arms (archaic or jocular), sojer (dial, or solicit, v.i. Spec canvass, drum, tout (cant)

J^' Cross references: see Note. abode. soleoiBm: barbarism, impro-

soggy: soaked. solace: cheer. priety, error, blunder.
BoU, 71.: discoloration, stain, con- solacement: cheering. solemn: religious, foTTnal, seri-
tamination, sewage, excrement. solder: cement. ous, sober, impressive.
soirSe: reception. soldier, v. i.: malinger. solemnize: observe.
sojourn, v, i.: stay, dwell. sole, a.: single, alone, unique, solicit, V. t.: ask, court, attract,
sojourn, n.: stay, residence, exclusive, mere. canvass, try, ply.

V^' See Notes of Explanation.

398
 SOPRANO
solicitor, n. 1. See lawyer, asker. sometimes, adv. sometime (now rare),
2. Spec, canvasser, drummer, nmner, somewhile or somewhiles (archaic or rare).
tout {cant), touter (cant). Antonyms: see never.
solid, a. 1. cubic (math.); spec, hard, con- somewhat, adv. something, rather, sUght-
gealed, frozen; see CONCRETE. ly, some (now colloq. U. S. or dial.).
Antonyms: see fluid, liquid, vapor- so-mewhere, adv. Referring to motion:
ous. somewhither (rare or archaic).
3. Spec, massive (which see), compact Antonyms: see nowhere.
(which see). son, n. 1. child (contextual); spec, cadet,
Antonyms: hollow. see dauphin; see infant.
8. See firm, strong, uninterrupted, Antonyms: see parent, father, mother.
UNMIXED, ACCOUNTABLE. See DESCENDANT.
2.
solidification, n. hardening, concretion, sonant, a. sounding; spec, phonetic; see
consolidation, etc. vocal.
solldily, V. t. 1. harden, concrete (chiefly song, n. chanson (French); spec, carol,
t.
spec), set, consoUdate, fix; spec, plot; see descant (literary or poetic), chant (poetic
CONGEAL, COAGULATE, CONDENSE, PETRI- or tech.), ditty, note (poetic), lay, strain,
FY, CRYSTALLIZE. paean, snatch, canticle, rune, chansonette
Antonyms: see soften, evaporate. (French), aubade, canzone (Italian), can-
2. See UOTTE. zonet, carmagnole, catch, choral, chorus,
solitude, n. Spec, loneliness, seclusion, dithyramb, dithyrambic, epinicion (liter-
desert. ary), glee, hunt's-up, jorram lay, hit
solstice, n. sunstead (archaic), standing (chiefly Scot.), lullaby, madrigal, Mar-
(archaic). seillaise,matin, noel, Orphic, prothala^
soluble, a. dissolvable. mium, round, roimdelay, scohon, sere-
Antonyms: see insoluble. nade, chanty, sonnet, stornello (Italian),
solution, n. resolution (formal or tech.);
1. villanella (Italian), warble, hymn, dirge;
spec, unriddling, unraveling; see ex-
see BALLAD.
planation, ANSWER. 2. See poetry, poem.
2. See END, TERMINATION, DISSOLUTION, sonorous, a. sounding; spec, see resonant.
DISSOLVING. soon, adv. 1. presently^ quickly, shortly,
8. Spec, decoction, apozem (rare), cre- anon (archaic), forthwith (emphatic), be-
mor (rare), sirup, lixivium, alloy. times (rare, exc. literary), briefly (obs.).
solve, V. t. 1. resolve, do (contextual), un- Antonyms: see never.
ravel, unriddle, work (colloq.); see an- 2. See early.
SWER, EXPLAIN. soot, n. carbon, smut, crock (rare), coom
2. See TERMINATE, DISSOLVE, DISCHARGE. (Scot, or local Eng.), fuliginosity (rare).
solvent, a. 1. In finance: sound, soUd, sooty, a. 1. corky, smutty, fuUginous (lit-
good, reliable, responsible. erary).
2. Referring to the dissolving of something: 2. See DARK.
resolvent, dissolvent, resolutive, diluent; sop, n. morsel (contecctual), sii)pet.
— all tech. or less usual than "solvent." sophomore, a. junior sophister (Eng.),
solvent, n. resolvent, menstruum, dis- st\ident(contextual),aoph(colloq.). "Soph-
solvent, diluent; —
all tech. or less usual omore" and "soph" are now U. S. only.
than "solvent." soporific, a. somniferous (rare), somnific
somehow, adv. someway or someways (rare), somnolent (rare), somnifacient,
(now chiefly dial.). sleepy (rare), drowsy (rare), slumberous
someone, n. somebody, quidam (rare); (rare), dormitive (rare), soporiferous, hj^p-
spec, so-and-so. notic (rare), papaverous (fig.), soporous
Antonyms: see nobody. (rare); see narcotic.
sometime, adv. somewhen (rare). Antonyms: see stimulating.
Antonyms: see never. soprano, n. descant (hist.), canto (cant).

t^' Cross referenas; see Note. some, adv.: somewhat. soothing: calming, sedative,
solicitous: anxious, carefvl. somebody: someone, person- mitigating.
solicitude: anxiety, care. age. soothsay, o. i.: predict.
solidarity: unity, community. somnambulist: sleepwalker. sop, V. t.: soak, drench, absorb.
soliloquy: monologue. somnolence: sophism: argument, fallacy.
soUtalze: hermit, gem. somnolent: sophist: prevaricator.
solitary, a..* alone, eecluded, sonant, a: vocal. sophistic: absurd.
lonely. song bird: singer, sophisticate: preoaricate, adul-
solitary, n.: hennit. songful: melodious. terate, fake, falsify.
somber: dark, depressed, de- songster: singer. sophistry: prevarication, rea-
pressing, dull. sooner: rather, before. soning.
some. ».: part. soothe: pacify, calm, mitigate. soppy: soaked.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

399
 SORCERER
sore, n. Spec, raw, ulcer, abscess, fistula,
pimple, canker, gangrene, impostume sound,
(rare), fester, felon, boil, carbuncle, exul-
ceration (rare), blain, crepance, etc.
sore, a. 1. See painful, sensitive, opphbs-
SIVB, INTENSE.
2. Spec, raw, ulcerated, ulcerous, can-
kered, gangrened.
sorority, n. society (contextual), club (con^
textual), sorosis; spec. Dorcas society,
sisterhood.
sorrow, n. t. Referring to the mental state,
or experience: distress, pain, grief, mourn-
ing, lamentation, woe, woefidness, regret,
dole (archaic or bookish), dolor (poetic),
heartache, heartbreak, bale (literary;
rare), disconsolation, disconsolateness,
ruth (archaic), rue (archaic), grame (ar-
chaic), teen (archaic), discoinfort (rare).
Antonyms: see bejoicing.
2. Referring to what causes sorrow: dis-
tress, grief, pain, heart-sore (rare), heart-
break, discomfort (rare).
8. Referring to the outward manifestation:
see MOTTRNING. sound,
2. See EXAMINE.
n. 1. noise; spec, bang, beat, blare,
blast, boom, bourdon, buzz, cacophony,
chime, chink, chirm, chir, clang, clank,
clap, clash, clatter, click, clink, cloop,
clunk, crack, crackle, crepitation, creak,
crick, crunch, decrepitation, din, ding-
dong, discord, drone, drum, dub, flump
(colloq.), gluck, glug, guggle, gurgle, har-
mony, hem, hurtle, jangle, jar, jingle,
jingle-jangle, jow (Scot, or Eng. dial.),
klop, knell, Usp, melody, moan, murmur,
muffle, pat, phone (tech.), plash, plunk
(colloq.), purl, rS,le (French; med.), roU,
shrill, smack, voice (often fig.), splash,
souse, stroke, swish, tang, tap, thud,
tick, ticktack, toll, tone, toot, trumpet,
twang, volley, wash, whistle, word, zip;
see NOISE, WHISPER, MURMUR, RUSTLE,
HUM, CLICK, NOTE, MELODY, JINGLE, HISS,
RING, etc. The foregoing list is but a
few of those that might be given or referred to.
Antonyms: see silence.
2. See HEARING.
V. i. go (contextilal) consonate ,

sorrow, v. i 1. Referring to the mental state: (rare), speak (fig. or transferred sense);
grieve, lament, mourn; spec. sigh. spec, bang, beat, blare, blow, boom, buzz,
Antonyms: see rejoice. chime, chink, chirm, chir, clang, clank,
2. Referring to outward acts: see MOtraN. clop, clap, clash, clatter, click, clink,
sorrowful, a. 1. sad, grievous, grieved, crack, crackle, crepitate, creak, crick,
mournful, sorry (now rare and literary or crick-crack, crump, crunch, decrepitate,
learned), grieflul (rare), lugubrious, heart- din, ding-dong, drone, gluck, guggle, gur-
sore, broken-hearted, woeful, woebegone, gle, hum, jangle, jar, jingle, jow (Scot,
trist (archaic), doleful, dolorous (literary), or Eng. dial.), knell, lisp, moan, murmur,
baleful (rare), lamentable (rare), funereaJ. outring (poetic), pat, plash, plunk (col-
Antonyms: see glad. loq.), purl, roll, roop, shrill, smack, speak,
2. See LAMENTABLE. splash, strike, swish, tang, tap, thud, tick,
sortilege, n. sortition (rare); see divina- toll, toot, trumpet, twang, volley, whistle,
tion. hiss, ring, etc.
soul, n. 1. spirit, breath (obs. or hist.), sound, V. t. 1. Spec, bang, beat, strike,
pneuma (hist.), shade (obs. or hist.), blare, blow, boom, bugle, buzz, chime,
shadow (obs. or hist.), nephesh (Heb.; chink, chirm, clang, clank, clap, clapper,
htst.), entelechy (rare), psyche (learned or click, clink, crack, creak, crunch, decrepi-
myth.), mind, interior, ghost (archaic). tate, drone, gurgle, hum, jangle, jar, jin-
Antonyms: see body. gle, jow (Scot, or Eng. dial.), Usp, pat,
2. heart. play, pluck, plunk (colloq.), roll, shrill,
3. See FEELING, ESSENCE, PERSON, SPIRIT. smack, speak, tap, tick, toll, toot, tv/ang,
soulless, a. 1. Spec, inanimate, brute. whistle, wind, ring, hiss, etc.
2. See tnSTFEELING, BASE, EXPRESSION- 2. See ANNOUNCE, CELEBRATE.
LESS. sounder, n. 1. leadsman (tech.).
sound, a. 1. See healthy, sane, valid, 2. See LEAD.
LOGICAL, ORTHODOX, INTACT, HONEST, sounding, a. 1. sonorifio (learned or rare);
SOLVENT, DEEP, SWEET. spec, crepitant, crepitating, horrisonant,
2. uninjured, unimpaired, incorrupt (rare (tony, ringing, melodious, jingling, etc.;
or archaic). see NOISY.
sound, V. t. 1. Referring to water: examine, Antonyms: see silent.
plumb, fathom. 2. See BOMBASTIC, PRETENTIOUS.
t^P Cross references: see Note. sorrel: red. sort, n.; kind, daaa, manner.
sorcerer: magician. sorrily: poorly. sortie: issue.
sorcerous: magical. sorry: sorrowful, reg sot : drunkard.
sorcery: magic, bewitchment. mean, contemptible. sottish: drunken.
sordid: foul, filthy, mean, adf~ sort, V. t. : classify, pick. sougll; murmur, sigh,
ish, stingy, mercenary, base. sort, V. i.: associate. sound, n.: channel.

VS' See Notes of Explanation.

400
 ——

SPASM
sounding, n. sonation, sonifaction; both Antonyms: aee dependency.
rare and tech. sow, V. t. 1. Referring
to the depositing of
Antonyms: see silence. seed: scatter, seminate (archaic); spec.
soup, n. potage (French), pottage, broth; cast, drUl, dibble, broadcast.
spec. pur6e, consomml, bouillon; all Antonyms: see harvest.
French. 2. Referring to the land: seed (often used
sour, a. 1. acid, tart, sharp; spec, vinegar- with "dovm").
ish, vinegary, vinaigrous (rare), foxy, dry; 8. See scatter.
see ACID. space, n. 1. iSee time.
Antonyms: see sweet, sugary. 2. Referring to the generic idea: place (now
2. See ILL-TEMPERED, ROUGH, DISAGREE- archaic or rhetorical, and chiefly in contrast
ABLE, ACRIMONIOUS. to "time"), expansion (obs.), extension
sour, V. t. turn; spec, prick, vinegar
1. (learned or tech.).
(rare), verjuice, fox (cant), acidulate 3. Often admitting of being used with the
(tech. or learned). article "a" or "an": place, region; spec.
8. See EMBITTER. plenum, infinity, heavens, ether.
Antonyms: see sweeten. 4. See distance, gap, place, room,
source, n. I. Referring to the place from AREA.
which water flows: origin, spring, head- spacious, a. 1. wide, broad; spec, vast,
spring, springhead, fountainhead, foun- vasty (rare), extensive; see roomy.
tain (Tare), head (contextual), wellspring Antonyms: see narrow.
(rhetorical or rare), wellhead (rare), issue 2. (See abounding.
(rare). spade, n. shovel: spec, slice, spud, didle
a. Referring to that which awards or gives (local), loy (Angto-Irish).
rise to something: origin, original (rare), spadelike, a. paJaceous (tech^.
beginning (rare); spec, parent (fig.), span, V. t. 1. See measure, encirclb.
birthplace, cradle (fig.), cunabulum (lit' 2. extend (contextual), overspan (rare),
erary), nidus (fig.; literary), root, radix overreach (rare); see arch.
(rare), fountain (rare), fountainhead spangle, n. paillette (tech. or rare); spec.
(rhetorical; fig.), wellspring (poetic; fig.), star.
provenance or provenience (learned or spar, n. pole; spec, (navi.) mast, boom,
tech.), seminary (rare or tech.). derivation, gaff, bowsprit, yard, sprit.
hand primordium (rare).
(fig.), spare, a. 1. additional (contextual), extra
Antonyms: see outcome. (colloq.), subsecive (rare); see excessive,
southern, a. south, southerly, austral (lit- unnecessary.
erary), southron
(chiefly Scot.), meridian Antonyms: see deficient.
(rare), meridional, high (contextual); spec. 2. See LEISURE, scanty, thin, meager.
southward. spare, o. t. 1. Referring to refraining from
Antonyms: see northern. injuring or destroying a thing: forbear (ar-
southerner, n. southron (chiefly Scot.). chaic or rare), respect (contextual).
south wind, n. south (chiefly poetic), No- 2. Referring to avoidance of inflicting or
tus (rare). visiting upon: save (as in "save him all you
sovereign, n. 1. See ruler, monarch. can").
2. Referring to the British coin: shiner 3. See save, economize, withhold.
(slang), chip (slang), James (slang), gold- sparrowlike, a. passeriform (tech.).
finch (slang), quid (slang). spasm, n. 1. Referring to muscular con-
sovereignty, n. 1. iSiee supremacy. traction: paroxysm, convulsion, throe,
2. Spec, referring to the position, power, cramp, crick^ seizure, grip, gripe; spec.
etc., of a monarch: sporanty (poetic), eclampsia, hiccup, entasia, flurry (a col-
crown (fig.), royalty, scepter (fig.), regal- lective), laryngismus, tetanus, holotony.
ity (rare), throne (fig.), reign, principal- 2. Referring to sudden convulsive action:
ity (rare), kingship, despotism. see riT.

|^= Cross references; see Note. span, V. t.: harness. meager, moderate, scanty, for-
souse, 71. & v. i.: swoop. span, n.; period, width, arch, bearing.
Bouse, V.t: pickle, dipt drench, range. spark, 71.: fire, trace, particle,
aoak, pour. spangle, v. i,: twinkle. flash.
souse, n. i.: aoak. spank, V. 1. 1& n.: slap. spark, blade, lover,
71.:

south, a.: southern. spank, V, i.: drive, ride. sail. sparlE, V. t: court.
souvenir: reminder. spanking: rapid, lively, fine. sparkle, n.: flash, trace, witti-
sovereign, a..* supreme, royaL spar, V. i.: box. contend. cism, brightness, twinkle.
space, V. t.: separate. spare, v. i.: economize. sparlde, v. i.: flash, biMle,
spade, V. I.: dig. spareness: cf. thin. twinkle.
spall: chip, sparing, n.: economy. sparkling: lively, witty.
span, n.; team. sparing, a.: frugal^ economical. sparse: infrequent, few.

i^°See Notes ot Explanation.

401
 SFASMODIC
spasmodic, paroxysmal, convulsive,
a. 1. erary), hastiform (rare); spec, lanceolate
paroxysmic (rare), spastic {tech.), catchy (chiefly tech.), lanceolar (chiefly tech.).
(rare). special, a. 1. exceptional, peculiar, par-
S. See INTERMITTENT. ticular, express, especial (not now used
spatter, v. t. 1. See scatter, sprinkle. predicatively), marked; spec, intimate.
2. spot (contextiud); spec, bespatter (in- Antonyms: see ordinary, usual.
tensive), spriiikle, besprinkle (intensive), 2. <See PARTICULAR, INTIMATE.
oversprinkle (rare), splash, splutter (rare). specialize, v. t. I. See mention.
spawn, n. 1. eggs (collective pi.), spat, roe; 2. Referring to a rendering specific or in-
spec, brood, redd (Scot, or dial.). vesting with a specific character: separate,
8. /See OFFSPRING. individualize, differentiate (chiefly Hoi.),
3. Mycelium (tech.). distinguish (rore), specificize (rare), spec-
speak, V. i. 1.word (rare); spec, out-
talk, ify (rare).
speak snap, pipe, dulcify (humor-
(rare), specially, adv. express, expressly.
ous), sputter, splutter, drawl, sniff, snif- specious, a. colorable, flimsy, colored
fle, snuffle, perorate, lisp, wharl (rare), plausible.
(rare); see
whisper, murmur, shout, intone, sing. Antonyms:
see sincere.
S. discourse, oration (collog.; rare), pat- spectacle, n. 1. See show.
ter (slang or cant), orate (xtsually humor- 2. sight, object, gazingstock (chiefly de-
ous or sarcastic), oratorize (rare equiv. of predatory); spec. guy.
"orate"), stump, speechify (contemptu^ 3. giglamps (slang), barnacles (pi.; col-
ous), speechmake (rare), spout (colloq.); loq.); spec, preserves, goggles.
spec, lecture, platform; see converse, spectator, n. beholder, onlooker, ob-
DECLAIM. server, seer (rare), viewer, gazer, witness,
8. See BOUND, BAEK. spectatress (fern.); spec, bystander,
speak, V. t. 1. utter (contextual), say, pro- groundling, gallery god.
nounce (formal or spec); spec, mutter, speculation, n. 1. See consideration,
mumble, discourse, enunciate, sputter, OPINION.
sniff, snuff, snuffle, splutter, dictate. 2. venture; spec, flyer (J/. S.).
2. Referring to the use of a tongue as a speculative, a. speculatory, notional
spoken language: talk, use. (tech.); see inferential, academic.
8. See state, express, pronounce, dis- speculator, n. 1. See reasoner.
close, ADDRESS, PROVE. 2. Spec, bear, bull, lamb, lame duck,
speaker, n. 1. taUier; spec, drawler, lisper, long, short.
etc. speech, n. 1. Referring to the ad: utter-
2. discourser, speechifier (contemptuous), ance (contextual), talk, loquency (rare);
voice (fig.), orator, rhetorician, oratress spec, declamation, sputter, splutter, par-
(fern.), oratrix (fern.; rare), concionator lance (archaic), parle (archaic), whisper,
(rare); spec, elocutionist, droner, lecturer, shout, roar, sing, etc.
lecturess (fern.), demagogue, spouter (col- Antonyms: see silence.
log.), patterer (cant or colloq.), Boanerges 2. Referring what is said: utterance
to
(fig.), valedictorian, thunderer; see de- (contextual); spec, word, talk, discourse,
CLAIMER, SPOKESMAN. palabra (Spanish; depreciatory), locution
8. See CHAIRMAN. (rare), parle (archaic), palaver (chiefly
speaking, n. utterance (contextual), spec, or contemptvjous), whisper; see con-
talk, discourse; spec, patter (slang or versation.
cant), longilocjuence, mumble, prolocu- 8. Referring to the faculty or power:
tion (rare), dictation, declamation, pro- tongue, language (rare).
nunciation. 4. Referring to a more or less formal dis-
speaking, a. loquent (rare); spec, dul- course to others: address, oration, rhesis
ciloquent (rare; chiefly humorous). (rare); spec, declamation, dithyramb, ex-
Antonyms: see silent. hortation, speechlet (dim.; colloq.), de-
spear, n. lance; spec, bourdon, gaif, pike, fense, eulogy, dirge; see harangue.
leister, trident, harpoon, dart. 5. See LANGUAGE.
spear-sbaped, a. hastate (technical or lit- speed, n. 1. See rapidity.

f^= Cross references: see Note. specific, 71.; remedy. speckle: spot, dot.
spat, n.: quarrel, tap. specification: mention, desig- spectacular: shmoy.
spat, V. L: quarrel, tap. nation. specter; apparition, ghost, fan-
spawn, V. t.: generate, bear. specify: mention, indicate. cy, bogy.
specialist: expert. epedmea: example. spectral: ghostly, pale, imma-
specie: money. speck, 71..* spot, dot, particle, im- terial, unreal.
species: class, group, kind. perfection. speculate: consider.
specific, a.: particular, definite. speck, V. t.: spot, dot. speculum: mirror.

tS^ See Notes of Explanation.

402
 — ,

SPIRITUAL
2. Referring to the rale 0/ motion or action: spinal, a. Spec, vertebral.
rate, velocity {chiefly tech.; meek.), pace spindle-shaped, a. fusiform; — 2ecA, or
(spec, or fig.); spec, music, tempo, time, learned.
hsiste. spine, n. 1. point {contextual), thorn; spec.
Antonyms: see delay. spinula, thomlet, quill, ray, neurapo^y-
speed, V. i. go {contextval) ; spec, race, sis; see prickle.
ramp, scud, skirr (Eng.), scurry, pelt 2. See BACKBONE, RmGE.
(coZtog.), peg {colloq. or dial.), lick {dial, or spinner, n. spinster (u^iudly fern.), spin-
colloq.; if. (S'. and Australia); seeRtrsH. stress (fem.).
Antonyms: see delat. spiny, a. 1. spinous, spinose (tech.), thorny,
spelling, n. orthography {properly spec.); spinescent; see prickly.
spec, transliteration, homographyj pho- 2. spine-shaped, thorny, spinose; spec.
nography {rare), cacography, misspell- spinulate.
ing. 3. spinigerous (tech.), spiniferous (tech.),
spendthrift, n. 1. spender {contextiuil) spinose (tech.), thorny.
prodigal, spend-all (rare), scapethrift spiral, n. t. Referring to a curve in a single
{archaic), scattergood {archaic or rare), plane: curl, coil (tech.), helix (rare),
unthrift {rare). winding.
Antonyms: see niggard. 2. Referring to a screwlike coU: helix,
2. See WASTER. twist, screw, coQ.
spent, a. Referring to a fish: shotten, spiral, a. 1. curled, winding, coiled, helical
spawned. (rare).
sphere, n. 1. See ball, rank, scope. 2. helical, twisted, screw-shaped, coiled.
2. Referring to the place or domain in spire, n. 1. See growth.
which something acts or prevails: realm, 2. Referring to a conical or tapering end
domain, province, kingdom, circuit, or body: spec, steeple, branch, broach,
round {rare), arena, element, field, scope, flSche (French), aiguille.
range, walk, department, bound; mostly spirit, n. i. See soul, ghost, deity, de-
spec, or fig. mon, ANGEL, genius, FORCE, ENERGY,
spherical, a. sphere-shaped, orbicular MEANING, disposition, ESSENCE, PERSON,
{rhetorical or technical), round or rounded BRAVERY, QUALITY.
{contextual), globose {tech.), spheral {rare), 2. liveUness, soul, vigor; spec, spice,
spheric {rare), rotund (rare), orbed {lit- morale or (the proper French form) moral,
erary or spec), globy {rare), globous mind, dash, pith, mettle, Esprit (French),
(rare); spec, 'globoid (rare), globulous sprightliness, enterprise, go (coUoq.), gin-
(rare), orbiculate (rare), orbic (rare), ger (slang), spunk (colloq!), devil (coUoq.),
spherular, spheroid, spheroidal or (rare) 61an (French), heart, bravura.
spheroidical, bulbous, circular. 3. Referring to strong distilled alcoholic
spider, n. arachnid, spinner (now dial, or liquid: spec, proof; also in pi. form
rhetorical). (spirits) whisky, gin, brandy, faints
spilte, n. gad (06s. or hist.); spec, nail, (pi.), schnapps (pi.), etc.
spikelet, dag, gadling, boss. spirited, a. high-spirited, animated, high-
spike-shaped, a. spiciform. strung, mettlesome or mettled, eager,
spill, V. t. 1. Referring to blood: shed, let, keen, sharp, crank, cocky (slang), lusty,
broach. strenuous, proud (chiefly poetic), beany
2. slop, drip, drop, bespill (intensive), (colloq.), galliard (archaic), spunky (col-
overflow. loq.), fiery, enterprising; see lively.
S. See SCATTER. Antonyms: see apathetic.
spill, n. 1. slop. spiritual, a. immaterial, supersensible
2. jSee FALL. (contextual), psychical, ethereal, ghostly

f^' Cross references: see Note. spew, V. i.: vomit, flow. spile: pole.
speed, V. L: send, hasten, ad- spew, V, t.: vomit, eject. spill, n.; splinter, lighter.
vance. spew, n.: vomit. spin, 1;. t.: rotate, devise, fabri-
speedy: rapid, ready, quick. spewy: oozy. cate, attenuate, continue.
spell, n.: magic, influence, be- spherule: ball. spin, V. i.: rotate.
witchery. Bpbinz: monster, question. spindle, n.: axis.
spell, n,; round, period, turn. sphiuzllke: unexplainable. spindle, 0. i.: grow.
spell, n..' fit. spindling: slender, thin.
spell, V. t.: relieve. spice, n.: flavoring , dash, ad- spineless : smooth, weak, irreso-
spell, v.f.: bewitch. mixture. lute,
spellbind: bewitch. spice, V. t.; flavor. spinous: spiny.
spellbound: bewitched, trans- spicule: prickle. spinster: sjnnner. celibate.
ported. spicy: fragrant, sensational. spire, V. i.: coil,
spend: expend, exhaust, pass, spigot: faucet. spire, V, i,: rise, jet.
bestow. spike, V. t.: fasten. spiritless: lifeless, diiU.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

403
 . . —

SPIRITUALIST
(literary or archaic), inner, interior, in- splenic, a. splenetic, lienal (rare).
ternal, inward, high-minded, pneumatical splice, K. <. join, marry; spec, plank.
(rare), pneumatic (rare), unworldly; spec. splinter, n. fragment (contextual), sliver
Platonic; see divine, repined. (often spec), shiver, spill, splint (now rare
Antonyms: see animal, worldly, or dial.), chip, flinder (chiefly in pi.); spec.
COARSE, EARTHLY, BODILY, SENSUAL, spall, spillikin.
SENSUOUS. splinter, v. t. &
i. spht, sUver, shiver, chip;

spiritualist, n. spiritist (rare), rappist spec, spall.

(rare). split, V. i. divide (contextual), cleave; spec.
spiritualize, v. t. enspiritualize (rare), fissure, rend, rive; see crack, splinter.
etherealize, uncarnate (rare) ; see idealize . split, V. t. divide (contextual), cleave; spec.
Antonyms: see materialize, brutalize, rend, rive, rift, fissure, wedge; see crack,
EMBODY, SENSUALIZE. SPLINTER.
spit, V. i. 1. spawl (obs.); spec, splutter, split, 71. division (contextual), cleft; spec.
drivel, drool, slobber, salivate (tech.), ex- rent, fissure, rift; see crack, breach (in
pectorate. It is not good usage to use "ex- a jig. sense).
pectorate" as a general synonym of "spit." splitting, n. division (contextual), cleav-
2. See EJECT. age, rending, fission (tech.)
spit, n. spawl (obs.); spec, spittle, saliva spoil, V. t. 1. See PLUNDER, DEPRIVE, DE-
(tech.), water (contextual), froth, slobber, STROY, IMPAIR, DEFORM, DEFEAT, nj-
drivel. DULQE.
spit, n. Referring to the depth of earth that is 2. Referring to destr-uction or impairment
turned up by a spade or plow: cut (con- of the good qualities of a thing: mar, riu'n,
textual), graft. vitiate (formal), butcher (colloq.), murder
spit, n. broach. mangle (colloq.); spec, demolish.
(colloq.),
spittoon, n. cuspidor (U. S.); spec, spit- Antonyms: see amend, improve.
box. spoiled, a. damaged, impaired, injured,
splash, V. i. plash (lessusiudihan" splash"), sick (spec, or fig.).
splurge (17. S.), splodge, splotter (chiefly spokesman, n. speaker, mouthpiece,
U. S. or dial. Eng.), sludi, spatter (rare); mouth (fig.), prolocutor (rare or spec),
spec, dabble, swash, swiah, wash, dash, spokeswoman (fern.).
squatter, swish-swash, plap, plop; see sponger, n. sponge, bloodsucker (colloq. or
SPATTER. contemptuous), sucker (colloq.), dead beat
splash, V. t. 1. wet (contextual), plash (less (slang, U. S.), deadhead (orig. U. S.),
u^xml than "splash"), dash (contextual), beat (slang); spec. smeU-feast, trencher
splatter (chiefly U. S. or Eng. dial.), slush; friend, sorner.
spec, squash, swash, wash; see spatter. Antonyms: see entertainer, benefac-
2. Referring to the liquid acted upon: tor.
plash (less usual than splash"), splatter spontaneous, a. natural, free; see inten-
(chiefly U. S. or dial. Eng.); spec, dash tional, automatic, extemporaneous.
(contextual), bedash (rare), squatter, Antonyms: see labored.
slush, swash, swish, wash, swish-swash; spool, n. reel (chiefly spec, or tech.); spec.
see spatter. bobbin, quill, pirn, cop, bottom, wharve
splash, n. plash (less usual than "splash"), or wherve.
splatter (chiefly U. S. or dial. Eng.), spoon, n. 1. Spec, cochleare, labis, 6prou-
splurge (t/. S.); spec, dash (contextual), vette (French).
slush, swash, swish, wash, swish-swash. 2. (See SIMPLETON.
spleen, n. 1. entrail (contextual), mUt spoon-shaped, a. cochlear, cochleari-
(rare) form, spatulate, spatuliform; all four
2. See ill temper, ill will, depression. tech. or learned.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. splendent: bright, beautiful, spoil: plunder, graft, acquisi
splrltuel: refined. grand. tion.
spirituous: alcoholic. splendid: grand, fine, showy, spoken: oral.
spirt, n.: rush, effort luxurious, impressive, lumi- spoliation: plunder, deprivor
spirt, n. (& V. i.: spout, jet. nous, bright. tion, destruction.
spirt, V. t.: spout, emit. splendor, splendour, n.: spongy: porous, marshy, ab-
splry, a.; pointed, tapering. grandeur, luster, brightness. sorbent.
spit, V. t.: transfix. splendrous, a.: bright. sponsor: godparent, godfather,
spit, V. i.: hiss, rain. splenetic: splenic. godmother.
spite, n.: ill will, grudge. spline: feather. spook; apparition, ghost.
spite, V. t: ill-treat, irritate, of- splint: splinter, spoon, 0. i.: court.
fend. splotch: stain, spot. spoony: amatory, affectionate.
spiteful: hateful. splurge: display, splash. spoor: track.
spittle: spit. splutter, v.: speak, splash, sporadic: infrequent,
splanclinio: visceral. splutter, n..* speech, splash. spore: cell.

i^ See Notes ol Explanation.

404
 SPRINGTIME
sport, n. 1. See diversion, plat, plat-
thing, FREAK, BTJTT, rROLIC, SPORTSMAN,
JEST.
>. In a generic sense: play, game, fun;
spec, joke, jest.
S. In a slang or cant sense, referring to a
nozzle, snout, beak, waterspout, monitor,
jet, gargoyle; see cock.
2. issuC; spirt, spurt, spire (rare), gush,
squirt, ]et; spec, stufa (lUdian), water-
spout, sandspout.
spout, V. t. &
i. 1. eject, emit (contextu/d),

flashy or dashing young fellow: blood
{sUmg), flash man
(cant), swell (slang);
see OAMBLEH.
sporting, a. flash (cant).
sportsman, n. hunter, sport (rare), sports-
woman (fern,.); spec, pothunter.
spot, n. 1. mark (contextiuil); spec, dot,
dab, speck, speckle, macula, maculation,
dash, cast (rare), daub, drop, blotch,
spatter, splotch, moil (literary or archaic),
pock, blur, blot, fleck, mottle, clouding,
dapple, spangle, patch, facula, blaze,
mole, fleece, mottle, smear, discoloration,
stain, eye, freckle, pip.
2. Referring to a natural marking on an
animal, esp. on the face: spec, snip, cloud,
blaze, star.
8. See SULLT, PLACE.
spot, V. t. 1. See BX7LLT.
2. mark (contextual); spec, stud, speck,
speckle, spatter, bespatter (intensive),
dab, maculate, dash, daub, dot, drop (ar-
chaic), splotch, pock, blur, blot, blotch,
fleck, mottle, dapple, sprinkle, besprinkle
(intensive)^ bespot, pepper, measle (rare),
smear, stam, discolor, freckle.
8. See STJLLT, DISCOVER, PERCEIVE.
spotless, a. 1. immaculate (literary or rhe-
torical); spec, stainless, smearless (rare);
see CLEAN.
Antonyms: see dirtt, spotted, stained,
SOILED.
2. iSee UNSULLIED.
spotted, a. spotty; spec, splotchy, specky,
specked, mottled, speckled, dotted, dap- spread, n. 1. See expanse, diffusion,
pled, blotchy, necky, maculose, mac-
ulated, macular, measly, guttate or
guttated, fleecy, flecked, fleckered, flea- spreading,
bitten, mealy, ocellated, ocellate, oc-
ulated, bimaculate; see partt-colored.
Antonyms: see spotless.
spouse, n. associate (contextual), consort
(chiefly spec, or rhetorical), companion
(contextual), partfler (chiefly dial, or un-
educated), mate (now rare as u^sed of per-
sons), espousal (ohs. or rare), fere (archa-
ic); see husband. "Spouse" is chiefly fresh, deerlick, seep (rare), spa, gipsies
formal or official.
spout, n. 1. outlet (contextual); spec, pipe,
issue (rare as a v. t.), spirt, spurt, spire
(rare), squirt, gush, jet; spec. blow.
2. >See DECLAIM.
sprain, n. <& v. t. strain^ overstrain (em-
phatic); spec, wrench, rick.
spray, n. mist (contextual); spec, (referring
to water blown or thrown up from the
waves, etc.) scud, foam, spume, spindrift,
drizzle.
spray, v. t. scatter (contextual), nebulize
(chiefly spec.) ; spec, atomize.
sprayllke, a. sprayey, misty, smoky, hazy;
—
the last three contextual uses.
spread, v. t. 1. In a physical sense: spec.
open, stretch, roll, unroll, nm, drive,
couch, ted; see expand, distributb, dif-
fuse, SCATTER, flare.
2. jSeeOVERSPREAD.
8. Referringto a report, rumor, etc.: tell,
circulate; spec, rumor.
4. Referring to the extending of the parts,
esp. of a person or animal, so as to reach
out widely, esp. in confusion, aimlessly, or
awkwardly: sprawl, splay, display (chiefly
spec); spec, explanate (rare).
spread, v. i. 1. In a physical sense: spec.
open, run, stretch, strike, trail, creep,
crawl, gape, flange, flare, flanch, mantle,
fan (rare); see expand, diffuse, scatter.
2. To extend or reach out loosely, etc.:
sprawl; spec, straddle.
8. Referring to rumors, reports, etc.: cir-
culate, run, go (contextual); spec, canard,
SHOW, meal, bedcover.
2. sprawl, splay; spec, straddle (coUoq.).
a. diffusive (formal), patent
(rare); spec, patulous (literary or tech.),
eiluse.
spring, n. 1. Spec, source, prime.
2. Referring to a flow of water from the
earth, primarily a natural one: fountain
(archaic, poetic, or fig.), font (poetic),
fount (chiefly poetic), wellspring (ar-
chaic), wellhead (rare or archaic); spec.
(pi.; heal Erig.), geyser, CastaUa or Cas-
talic (fig.), Hippocrene (fig.).

tS^ Cross references: see Note. spread. spring, V. t.; dart, rush, prance,
sport, V. i.: frolic, play. Spray: branch,- issue, flow, rise, arise, descend,
sportive: jesting, frolicsome, spree: carouse, frolic. grow, deform, appear.
playfvl, gay, freaky. sprlght: ghost, dement fairy, spring, V. t.: start, displace, de-
spotty : spotted, goblin. form, bend.
spousal, n.; marriage. sprlghtllness: spirit. spring: snare.
spousal, a.: matrimonial. sprightly: lively, gay. springhead: source.
sprawl, V. i. & n.: scramble. spring, a.: vernal. springtime; spring, prime.

27 tW See Notes ot Explanation.

405
 —

SPRINGY
3. prime {rare), springtime, springtide 3. Referring to an open area: plaza,
{archaic or literary); spec, seedtime. piazza, parade {Eng.).
4. See JUMP, RECOIL, stabt, dart, mo- square, a. 1. rectangular {formal), four-
tive. square, quadrate {tech.), quadratic (mre);
springy, a. 1. fountainous {rare), fountful spec, squarish.
{rare; poetic). 2. See RECTANGULAR, JUST, HONEST.
5. See ELASTIC. square, v. t. 1. quadrate {rare).
sprinkle, v. t. 1. Referring to the thing dis- 2. See ADJUST, ADAPT, BALANCE.
persed: strew, scatter, sparge {chiefly squat, a. thickset, stocky, pudgy, podgy,
Scot.); spec, spatter, powder,
dust, squidgy {rare), punchy, stumpy, dumpy,
dredge, sand. squatty, spuddy {rare), tubby {colloq.),
2. Referring to that upon which something tubbish {colloq.), squab or squabby.
is sprinkled: strew, scatter, asperse {liter- Antonyms: seeLANKT.
ary or spec); spec, besprinkle, spatter, squeamish, a. Spec, sick, fastidious, dis-
flour,powder. tant, priggish.
3. See DOT. squeeze, v. t. & i. 1. press, compass, pinch
sprinkled, a. besprent {archaic or poetic); {chiefly spec), wring, cot.rct {rare); spec.
spec, dotted. nip, clutch. Crush; see constrict.
sprinkler, n. Spec, dredger, aspergillum. Antonyms: see stretch.
sprinkling, n. aspersion {literary or tech.). 2. See force, express, oppress, ex-
spruce, V. t. & i. dress, smarten, titivate tort.
{colloq.), perk, plume, prink, prune, squeeze, n. 1. pressure, compression, co-
preen, trim {chiefly spec), lick {slang). arctation {rare); spec, nip, pinch, vise
"Spruce" is chiefly used with "up." {rare); see crush, constriction.
spur, n. 1. The spur of a rider: point, 2. Spec, forcing, expression, oppression,
pricker, prick, ripon {local or hist.). extortion.
2. The spur of a fowl or bird: heel, calcar squelch, v. t. 1. See crush, flatten, sup-
{tech.), claw {rare); spec. gaff. press.
8. See INCENTIVE, STIMULANT, PEOJEC- 2. quelch, quash, squatter, squish,
TION, BRANCH. squash.
spur, V. t. 1. prick {archaic), rowel. squelch, n. quelch, quash, squatter,
2. See INCITE, HASTEN, URGE. squidge {rare), squish, squash.
spurlike, a. calcariform, calcarine; both squelchy, a. squashy, quashy, squishy.
tech. squint, v. i. 1. look {contextual), squinny
spurred, a. spicate, calcarate, spiciferous {rare), goggle {rare), skew {rare), slant
{rare); —
aU three tech. or learned. (rare).
spy, n. watcher {contextual); spec, intelli- 2. See PEEK, REFER, TEND.
gencer, scout, shadow, lurcher {literary), squint, n. 1. look {contextual), cast {rare or
tout {slang or cant), smeller {slang), bea^ archaic), squinny {rare), goggle (rare);
gle {Eng. cant), plant {slang), nose {slang), spec, strabismus, cross-eye.
emissary, hircarra {East India), mouchard 2. Spec, peek, reference, inclination,
{French). tendency.
spy, V. i. 1. {contextual), espy {rare); squint-eyed, o. strabismic {tech.), squint
watch
spec, scout, pry, nose {slang), smell {slang {rare), goggle-eyed {rare), squinting; spec.
or consciously fig.), tout {rare). cross-eyed.
'

2. See OBSERVE, discover. squire, n. 1. Referring to the knight's at-

square, n. 1. rectangle, quadrate {tech.); tendant: esquire {archaic), armiger {tech.),
spec. pane. henchman {hist.); spec. page.
2. Referring to buildings: see block. 2. Referring to a landed proprietor: es-
K^^ Cross references: see Note. pretend. squalor: foulness.
sprinkle, v. i.: rain. spurn, 71.; kick, rejection. squamoae, squamous: scaly,
sprint: run. spurn, V. t.: tread, reject. scalelike.
fiprlt:pole. spurn, V. i.; object. squander: lavish, waste.
sprite: ghost, demon, fairy, gob- spurt, 71.; outbreak, effort, in- squandering: waste.
lin. crease, advance. squash, v. t: crush, flatten,
sprocket: tooth. spurt, V. i.: hasten. splash, squelch.
sprout, V. i.: germinate. spurt: spout, jet. squash, n.: squelch.
sprout, 71.; shoot, bud. sputter, v.: speak, hiss, eject. squashy: soft, marshy.
spruce, a.: smart. squab, a.; fat. squat, n.: crouch.
spume: foam. squabble: quarrel. squatter, 71.7.; splash, squelch.
spumy: foamy. squad: company, relay. squawk: scream, cry,
spunk: spirit,^ courage. squalid: foul. squeak: cry, creak.
spunky: spirited, courageous. squalldity; foulness. squeaky: grating.
spur, V. t.: goad, incite, hasten, squall, n. & v.: scream. squeal: scream.
urge. squall, 71. ; wind. squelcher: settler.
spurious: illegitimate, false. squally: intermittent, windy. squire, v, t.: escort.

tS° See Notes of Explanation.

406
 . .

STANDARD
quire {archaic; Eng.); spec, squireen, Antonyms: see spotless.
squirelet, squireling. stair, n. flight, grece (obs. or dial.), stair-
squirrel, n. rodent, sciurine {tech.), bunny, case, stairway; spec, winder, companion-
bun (rare), con {Mng. died.). way, escalator. In England and America
s-shaped, a. doubly-curved, sigmoid (tecA.) the pi. form "stairs" is now generally used,
stab, pierce (contextiud), stick, job,
v. t. t. but in Scotland the sing, form "stair" is
jab (collog.),dig (coUoq.), pink, broach still the ordinary form.
{literary or fig.); spec, poke, prick, prong stake, n. stick (contextual); spec, bar, rod,
(rare), bayonet, dirk, knife, spear, stiletto, stock, post, pale, pile, palisade, picket,
creese or crease or kris, poniard, dagger, palisado (rare), snub.
paunch, gore. stake, n. U hazard, prize (chiefly spec),
a. See AFFECT. risk (rare); spec, bank; see pledge,
stab, 71. job, jab {coUoq.); spec, prick, dig WAGER.
{coUoq.), poke. 2. See VENTURE.
stable, n. stall {rare as referring to horses); stake, V. t. hazard, risk; see pledge,
spec, haras {French), mew (a collective), wager.
mews (pZ.), livery {U. S.). stale, V. t. hackney, hack (rare)
staff, n. 1. See pole. stalk, V. i. go (contextual), sweep; spec.
2. rod (contextual), wand, baton (chiefly strut.
tech.); spec, truncheon, caduceus, crook, Antonyms: see sneak. '

crosier, cross, crutch, mace, lituus, hunt (contextual),

stalk, V. t. still-hunt.
warder, thyrsus (rare), thyrse, tipstaff, stalk, n. 1. stem, caulis (tech.), caudex
cowlstaff. • (tech.); spec, spear, spire, shaft, caulicle,
stag, n. deer (contextual); spec, royal, culm, helm (Eng. or dial, of grain), haulm
brocket. (Eng.), bun (dial.), boon, bent, bennet,
1. See story, degbee, platform,
stage, n. straw, stipe, stipes, stipule, cane, pedi-
ROSTRUM, DRAMA, LEVEL, PERIOD. cel, footstalk, beam, castock (Scot.), pedi-
2. Referring to a division in a journey: cle, peduncle, petiole, gynophore, funicu-
post, reach; spec, manzil. lus, funicle, scape, tigeUa or tigelle, stipel.
S. stagecoach, coach; spec, diligence, 2. See STEM.
omnibus. stalked, a. Spec, pediculated, petiolate,
scene antiq.), footlights pedicellate, tigellate, pedunculate, pedun-
4. (classical
(cant); spec, proscenium (antiq.), post- culated, stiped, etc.; all tech. —
scenium (antiq.), parascene (antiq.). stall, n. 1. See stable.
stagnant, a. t. still, motionless, dead, 2. Referring to the division or compartment
standing. for accommodating one animal: travis
Antonyms: see agitated, flowing. (Scot.); spec, crib (obs. or rare), box stall
2. See inactive. or box, cote.
stain, n. discoloration (contextual), soil
1. S. stand, booth, crame (Scot.); spec.
(rare), soUure(rare); spec, tarnish, bulkhead (Eng.), bulk (Eng.), pandal
splotch, blur, blot, blotch, cloud, smirch, (Anglo-Indian).
smutch, crock. stalwart, a. I. strong, stout, sturdy.
2. See SULLY, CONTAMINATION. 2. See determined.
stain, V. t. 1. discolor (contextual), distain stand, V. i. i. There are no direct synonyms:
(archaic), soil; spec, tarnish, bestain (in- remain (contextual), stay (contextual).
tensive), splotch, blot, blotch, smirch, Antonyms: see fall, lib, sit.
smutch, besmutch (intensive), smut, dye, 2. See REST, CONTINUE, BE, HESITATE,
engrain (rare), imbrue (literary), blacken, STOP, BRISTLE.
mudew, ink. 3. candidate (rare).
2. See SULLY, CONTAMINATE, DYE. standard, n. 1. flag (contextual), ensign
stained, a. discolored (contextual), soiled, (mii. or naval; chiefly spec), oriflamme
imbrued (literary; rare); spec, smudgy, (spec or fig.), vexillum (Roman antiq.),
smirchy, spotted. gonfalon, labarum.

tW Cross references: see Note.

 — —

STAiniABD-BEARER
8. measure, norm or norma (Jtech. or ary, rhetorical, or humorous), boun {ar-
learned); spec, canon, scale, gauge, chaic); spec, burst, flash, sail.
diapason, vernier, metewand {literary), 8. See BEGIN, enter.
proof, assize, critoion, test. start, V. t. 1. Referring to game: rouse,
8. See EXAMPLK, CANDLESTICK, tTPRIGHT. spring; see flush.
Standard-bearer, n. ensign, signifer 2. See begin, set, displace.
(rare), vexUlator {rare); spec, cornet, startle, v. t. surprise, rouse, electrify {fig.),
gonfalonier. jump {rare); see frighten.
standing, n. 1. Referring to the action or state, n. 1. Referring to the circumstances or
condition: station {now tech.). condition of affairs in which a thing exists:
2. See POSITION, continuance, endur- condition, status {learned), situation, es-
ance, RANK. tate {archaic or literary), posture {rare),
standstill, n. Referring to the fact or state: pass, case, plight {rare, exc. spec), dispo-
stand, station {rare), deadlock {only fig.), sition, circumstance or {usually) circum-
stay {now becoming archaic). stances {pi).
Antonyms: see run. 2. Referring to the condition in which a
stanza, n. stave, strophe {rare); spec.
staff, person or thing is: condition, estate {ar-
sixain, terzina, tercet, penniU, quatrain, chaic or literary), form, shape, fettle, trim
redondilla {Spanish), englyn, envoy, {chiefly cant or colloq.), keeping, kelter or
tristich, tetrastich, pentastich, hexastich, kilter {colloq. or dial.), case {rare), tone,
heptastich, octastich. order, affection {rare or archaic).
star, n. 1. hght {contextual), luminary (Zi<- 3. Referring to a mode of existence: phase,
erary or rhetorical), twinkler, starlet stage, mode {tech.), modus {tech.).
{dim.), planet {a,strol. or spec.); spec, sun, 4. government, commonwealth {chiefly
nova, vesper, shooter (rare), primary, spec), country, polity {tech. or learned);
comet. spec, power, potentate {rhetorical for
2. Referring to the figure or image: spec. "power"), democracy, aristocracy, repub-
pentacle, pentagram, pentangle, pental- h'c, monarchy, toparchy; see republic,
pha, mullet {her.), asterisk. MONARCHY. Most of the synonyms of "gov-
8. See DESTINY, SPANGLE. emmerd" are also used for a state having
starchy, a. 1. farinaceous. such a government.
2. See STIFF. state, V. t. 1. See express, narrate, re-
staring, a. 1. Referring to the look: gazing, port, PROPOSE, restate.
glaring, fixed. 2. affirm, have, assert; spec, {or in a
2. See CONSPICUOUS. transferred sense) declare, insist, assever-
starling, n. cutwater. ate, protest, predicate, aver, allege, ex-
starred, a. 1. stellular. pound, avow, avouch, vouch {rare),war-
2. See CRACKED. rant, profess, say, speak, pronounce,
starry, a. 1. Full of stars: constellate {lit- enounce, proclaim, testify {Biblical),
erary). premise {logic), preface (rare), plead, bul-
2. astral {tech. or formal), stellular, stellar letin, swear.
{formal or tech.), sidereal, starlike. Antonyms: see abjure.
8. star-shaped, stellate, stelliform, stellu- statecraft, n. diplomacy, policy; spec.
lar; the last three tech. or learned. courtcraft.
start, n. I. spring, shock, startle {rare), stated, a. 1. fixed, settled, given.
jump, braid (obs.); see shrink. 2. fixed, set.
2. beginning, go-off {colloq.), outset, off- statement, n. 1. See expression, ac-
set, setoff; spec, break, breakaway {cant), count, PROPOSITION.
get-away {cant or slang); see rush. 2. affirmance, affirmation, assertion; spec.
3. impulse {contextual), send-off {colloq.). {or in a transferred sense) declaration, in-
4. lead; referring to an advantage of po- sistence, asseveration, protestation, prop-
sition, as in racing. osition, predication, protest {rare), aver-
5. See DISPLACEMENT, BRANCH. ment, allegation, avowal, exposition,
start, V. i. 1. spring, jump, startle {rare), vouch {rare), vouchment {rare), predicar
braid {obs. or archaic); see shrink. ment {tech. or rare), pretension (rore).
2. break, put (?/. S.;coMog.), sally {liter- Antonyms: see denial.

tW Cross references: see Note. staple, a.: salable. gated, stiff,

standardize: regularize. staple, n.; loop, started: afloat,
standing, a.: upright, stagnant, staple, n.: fiber, material, starve:, famish,
permanent. starch, a,: faetidious, stiff, starved: hungry.
standpoint: position, vieut- formal, statehouse: capital,
point. stare: gaze, stately: dignified, imposing,
staple, n.; product. stark: absolute, naked, unmiti- grand.

tS" See Notes ot Explanation.

408
 .

STEP
S. Referring to what spec, alle-
is stated: steal, V. i. 1. thieve, lift, purloin, rob (rare
gation, predicate, protest, thesis {tech. or or spec), crib (colloq.), filch; spec, pilfer,
spec), pronouncement, saying, testifica^ peculate, shoplift.
tion {Biblical), pronunciamento, plat- 2. move, sUp, slide, slink, sneak, creep,
form, affidavit, pleading, scheme, sched- lurk (rare).
ule, memorial, case Qaw), ipse dixit, 1. See thievish.
stealthy, a.
dictum, theorem, bulletin; see saying, 8. secret, furtive, surreptitious, sly, un-
REPORT, PROPOSAL, FORMULATION, NAR- derhand, clandestine.
RATIVE. steamer, n. puffer (colloq. or contextual),
4. Referring to a document setting forth a steamboat (chiefly spec.); spec, steam-
status of financial facts: spec, bill, bud- ship, tug, propeller, sidewheeler, grey-
get, showing {chiefly U. S.). hound. "Steamer" is chiefly spec.
statesman, n. politician, politicaster (con- steep, a. hilly (contextuxd) declivitous, ,

temptuous), statist (archaic), politico high-pitched, brant (ohs. or dial.), steepy

(rare), stateswoman (Jem.). (rare), arduous (fig.), heavy, abrupt, bold,
station, n. 1. See place, position, dig- proclivous (rare); spec, hanging (as in
nity, RANK. hanging gardens") ; see precipitous.
3. Spec, post, depot (mil.), camp, en- Antonyms: see moderate.
campment, garrison, factory. steeplechase, n. grind (Eng. university
5. stopping place, stop* spec, stand, de- slang).
pot (17. S.), termmal (U. S.), stationette steer, v. t. 1. gtiide (contextual), direct,
(a nonce word). navigate, con or cond or cund (tech.), helm
station, V. t. place, post, stand, plant; (chiefly spec), pilot (often spec).
spec, garrison, quarter, lodge, picket. 2. iSee GUIDE.
statue, n. image, piece (cofntextual) ; spec. steer, v. i. stand, course (rare), point.
statuette, Bcmpture, bronze, colossus, steerage, n. 1. steering, guidance, direct
term, terminus, figunne. tion, pilotage (often spec), pilotism (rare),
stay, V. i. 1. remain, rest, stop {not in good pilotry (rare).
usage in this sense), continue, abide (lit- 2. See guidance.
erary or rare), bide (chiefly archaic), lie, steersman, n. steerer, helmsman, pilot
sit, keep, swell (chiefly archaic); spec. (often spec); spec, coxswain, hoveler o/*
hoveller (Eng.), manjee (Anglo-Indian),
hang, sojourn, nestle, sist (Scots taw); see
DELAY. nobbier (Eng.), patroon (rare), patron
Antonyms: see depart, flee. (rare), wheelman, sluer.
2. See continue, desist. stem, n. 1. stock, caudex (tech.), axis
stay, n. 1. remain (rare), continuance, (tech.); spec csuie, kex (ohs. or dial.),
rest, stop (not in good usage in this sense), creeper, runner, brier or briar, pedestal,
abode (liierary or rare); spec, sojourn; see caulome (tech.); see stalk, trunk.
delay. 2. bow, cutwater.
2. Spec, continuance, desistance. 8. In philology: base, theme (tech.),
steal, V. t. 1. appropriate (contextiud; often thema (rare).
euphemistic), thieve (rare), lift, purloin, i. shank, shaft, stalk, pillar.
cnb take (contextual), convert
(colloq.), 5. <SeeRACE.
(cont&ctual), snatch (contextual or slang), step, V. i. 1. tread; spec, tramp, clamp,
rifle, plunder, filch, cabbage (slang or clump, stride, trip, pace.
tailors' cant), cly (thieves' cant), convey (o 2. See GO, WALK.
euphemism), nobble (slang), nim (ar- step, n. 1. tread, footstep; spec, tramp,
chaic), pinch (slang), abstract (slang), stride, pace, clamp (chiefly dial.), foot-
bob (slang or cant), prig (slang or cant), step, trip.
hook (slang or cant), rob (rare or spec), 2. Referring to dancing: spec, pas (French),
bone spec, misappropriate, pil-
(slang); flicflac(French), chassd, whirl, coupee
fer, peculate (rare), finger. (dancing), grapevine, drag, etc.
2. See MOVE. 3. Referring to a rest for the foot, as in

fW Cross references; see Note. stay, V. t.: atop, fix, restrain, de- steel, V, t,: harden.
stationary: immovable.mQtioniess. tain, defer, steep, v.: soak.
statuary: sculptor, sculpture, stead: place. steep, n.; hiU, cliff
statue: state, position, rank. steadfast: fixed, constant. steer, n,: beef,
statute: law. steady, a,: firm, constant, uni- stellar, stellate: starry.
staunch: variaat of stanch. form, sober. stelliform; starry.
stave, n.: strain. steady, v, t.: firm. stellular: starry,
stave, V. (.: break, ward. steal, n.: theft, stem, V. t.: oppose.
stay, n,: support, brace. steam, n.: vapor, exhalation. stench: sm^.
stay, V. t.: hold. steamy: vaporous. stentor: shouter.
stay, n.; stoppage, stop. steed: horse. stentorian: loud.
'
See Notes of Ezplanatioo.
409
 STEPFATHER
stairs: tread, pace (rare), degree (o6s., tech.), viscid (learned or tech.),glutinous
exc. heraldry); spec, flyer, gradin or gra- (tech. or learned),agglutinative (learned);
dine, half-pace, winder, rung, stile. spec, clammy, clam (dial.), gluey, pasty,
4. See GAIT, MARCH, FOOTPRINT, ACTION, stringy, ropy, cledgy (Eng. dial.), gum-
DEGREE, INTERVAL. my, dauby, cementitious (rare), fat,
stepfather, n. good-father (Scot.). strong, tacky (chiefly cant), smeary (rare),
stepmother, n. good-mother (Scoi.). The clarty (dial.), cloggy, plastery, mucilagi-
adjective for "stepmother" is "novercal." nous.
sterilize, v. t. asepticize, aseptify (rare); stiff, a. 1. firm, rigid, unlimber (rare), un-
spec, disinfect. phant (rare), crisp; spec, stark (obs. or
stern, 1. unyielding, grim, grimmish
a. spec), heavy (chiefly dial.); see unyield-
(rare), grimly (archaic), gaunt {literary or ing, TENSE.
archaic), dour (Scot.), hard; see relent- Antonyms: see flexible, limp, wil-
less, REPELLENT. lowy.
Anton,yms: see appectionate, gentle, 2. Referring to what is hard to overcome:
KINDLY. hard, obstinate, pertinacious; see un-
2. See aitsterb, severe, sharp, fierce, yielding, DIFFICULT.
RELENTLESS, MERCILESS. 3. Referring to manners, style, etc.: con-
stern, n. Referring to a vessel: buttocks strained, cramped, budge (obs. or ar-
(rare); spec, counter, poop. chaic), buckram (fig.), prim, starch,
stevedore, n. Spec, roustabout (U. S.), starched; see formal.
hohhler (Eng.). Antonyms: see unconventional, home-
stew, V. t. cook (contextual), boil, coddle, like.
seethe, simmer; spec, curry. 4. See HIGH, STRONG, REPELLENT, CON-
stew, n. 1. Referring to the action: boil, VENTIONAL.
seethe, simmer. stiffen, V. t. 1. In a physical sense: rigidify
2. Referring to the dish: spec, hodge- (rare); spec, buckram, bone, size, starch,
podge, olio, ollapodrida, curry, colcannon, glue, etc.; see harden, brace.
lobscouse, pepperpot. 2. Referring to prices: harden.
5. (See FRET. 3. Referring to the mind, feelings, etc.: see
steward, n. 1. agent (contextual), steward- harden.
ess (fern.); spec, bailiff, husband, hind stiffening, a. rigescent (rare).
(heal Enp.), dewan (Anglo-Indian), stiffness, n. Spec, firmness, rigidity, hard-
chamberlam, seneschal, major-domo, ness, constraint, etc. Cf. stiff.
khansamah or khansaman, sirkar (Anglo- still, a. 1. motionless.
Indian), maltre d'h6tel (French). Antonyms: see agitated, lively, rest-
2. purser. less, PLOWING.
stick, n. 1. Referring to a piece of wood, 2. See silent, calm, stagnant, low.
usually one long in relation to its breadth or 3. Referring to wines, beer, etc.: dead,
diameter: spec, spar, billet, cue, rod, still, V. t. 1. quiet, bestill (rare), immobi-
walking-stick, canp; see branch, twig, lize (rare).
STAKE, POLE, SWITCH, MAST, RUNG, CLUB. Antonyms: see rouse, agitate.
2. Spec, hesitation, stickiness, stab. 2. See CALM, SILENCE.
stick, V. 1. 1. See stab, thrust, put, trans- still, n. stillatory (rare); spec, retort,
fix, SMEAR, fasten. worm, serpentary, serpentine.
2. agglutinate (rare or learned); spec. stimulant, n. 1. In a general sense: stimu-
wafer, cement, freeze. lus (more dignified than "stimulant"), ton-
stick, V. i. 1. adhere, cling, take (chiefly ic (jig.), stirring; spec, fillip,sting, whet-
cant); spec, cleave, hold, mire, freeze, stone (jig.), incentive, encouragement,
jam. spur.
2. Referring to mental action: adhere, 2. In medicine: cordial, tonic, cardiac;
hold, cleave, cling, abide, hang, persist. spec, restorative.
8.' See BIND, HESITATE. Antonyms: see narcotic
sticky, a. adhesive, tenacious, clingy (rare), 3. Intoxicant; spec, liqueur, bracer, pick-
clinging, cohesive, viscous (learned or me-up, eye-opener.

IW Cross references: see Note. stickler: precisian. stigmatize: brand, sully.

sterile: barren. stiff-necked: obstinate. stile: step, upright.
sternum: breastbone, stifle, V. t.: suffocate, extinguish, stiletto: dagger.
stew, V. i.: fret, repress, suppress. still, interj.: silence.
stewpan: akiUet. stifle, V. i.: suffocate. still, adv. & conj.; but. ,

stickle, V. i. .'
cavU, bargain, hesi- stifling: suffocative. still, 71.: silence. [lence, calm.
tate. stigma: brand, extravasation, stillness: motionlessnesa, si-
stickle, n,: cavU, hesitaiion. blotch, sully. stllly: silent.

iW See Notes of Explanation.

410
 STOOL
stimulate, excite, stir, goad, prick,
v. t, 1. stirrer, n. Spec, poker, pole, strike, rabble,
actuate (rore), brace, uven, rally; spec. paddle, swizzle-stick (colloq.).
electrify (fig.), sting, pique, fan, rouse, stirrup- shaped, a. stapedial (tech. or
nettle; see encourage.
Antonyms: see numb, dull, pakaltze. stitch, n. 1, See pain.
ROUSE.
S. iSee 2. Spec, backstitch, cross-stitch, blind-
stimulating, a. 1. stimulant, stimulative, stitch, hemstitch, feather stitch, tent
exciting] spec, inspiring, biting, lively, stitch, petit point, tack, diamond, prick-
racy, spicy (coUoq.), electric (fig.), sting- seam, overhand.
ing, bracing, poignant, piquant, inflam- stocli, n. 1. Seestake, trunk, stem, an-
matory (^jO, pungent (jijf.); see SHARP. cestor, RACE, FAMILY, BREED, FUND,
Antonyms: see sedative, soporific. MATERIAL, CAPITAL.
2. cardiac, cordial, tonic; spec, restora- 2. butt, thick; spec, handle.
tive. S. supply, store, accumulation, budget;
sting, V. t. 1. prick, urticate (rare); spec. spec, repertoire (French).
nettle. stocliy, a. thick-set, stumpy, stubby,
2. Referring to what causes a sharp tin- stout, portly (rare), close; spec, bunting;
gling, as liquors or cold: bite, nip. see PAT, SQUAT.
8. /See pain. Antonyms: see lanky.
sting, V. i. 1. prick, prickle, tingle; spec. stomach, n. (not now in refined
belly
nettle. usage), maw (now only of animals, exc.
a. Referring to the sensation: tingle. ludicrous or contemptuous), abdomen
sting, n. 1. Referring to a stinging organ: (slang or incorrect), craw (chiefly humor-
spec, ovipositor, dart, nettle. ous or derisive, exc. spec); spec, ingluvies,
2. See stimulant, pain. proventriculus, gizzard, gorge, rumen or
3. Referring to liquor, as wines^ etc.: bite, paunch, reticulum or bonnet, omasum,
tang, edge, sharpness, zest, mp (Scot, or psalterium, manyphes, abomasum.
colloq.). stomachic, a. gEistric (tech.), gasteral
i. Referring feeling of being stimu-
to the (rare).
lated, often pleasantly: tingle. stone, n. 1. In a collective or generic sense:
stinging, a. Referring to speech, wit, etc.: spec, metal, rubble; see rock, gravel.
poignant, pungent, salt (rare). 2. Referring to a stone of any size: rock
stingy, a. 1. iUiberal, close, miserly, nig- (Australia and colloq. U. S.); spec, meteor-
gardly or (less usualj hut more emphatic) ite, megalith, hog, whetstone, grindstone;
niggard, mean, parsimonious, penurious, see gravestone.
sordid, close-fisted (colloq.), pinching, S. Referring to a small piece of rock: peb-
cheese-paring (colloq. or contemptuous), ble, cobble, cobblestone, coggle (obs. or
near (rare or archaic), economical (a dial.).
euphemism), miser (archaic), churlish 4. Referring to the stone of a fruit: pyrene
(archaic or literary), sparing, grudging, (tech.), pit (U. S.).
close-handed (archaic), hard-fisted (col- 5. See CALCULUS, gem.
loq.; rare), tight (colloq.), hard, uncom-stone, V. t. 1. Spec, pebble (rare), cobble,
municative (rare). pave, gravel.
Antonyms: see generous, extrava- 2. lapidate (rare).
gant, WASTEFUL. stone, a. lithic (tech.), lithoid (tech.).
2. /See SCANTY. stony, a. 1. rooky, petrous (rare, exc. fig.),
stint, V. t. 1. See limit. lapideous (rare), saceous (rare), lapidose
2. economize, save (euphemistic or con- (rare or tech.); spec, bowldery, pebbly,
textual), scant, scrimp, skimp, pinch. gravelly, shingly, gritty.
Antonyms: see lavish, waste. 2. See UNYIELDING, UNFEELING, UNCOM-
stipulate, v. t. arrange, provide, bespeak PASSIONATE, COLD.
(rare or literary), condition. stool, n. t. Spec, tabouret, cricket, com-
stir, V. t. 1. See move, rouse, stimulate, mode, nightchair, close, stool, cucking-
EXCITE, raise. stool, cutty-stool (Scot.), standrest, foot-
2. Spec, stoke, poke, pole, spoon, beat, stool.
poker. 2. See EXCREMENT.

13^ Cross references; see Note. stipulate: agree, contract. stock-still: motionless.
stimulatine: stimulant. stir, V. i. ; Tnnw, rouse, hustle, act. stoical: impassive.
stink: smell. stir, n.: motion, activity, disturb- stoker: fireman.
stinking: odoro-us, ill-smelling, ance, commotion, bustle, fuss. stolid: impassive, stupid.
fetid. stirring, a.: exciting, stimulant, stomach, v. t.: endure.
stint: limit, task. about. stoneware: earthenware.
stintless: generous. stitch, v.: sew. stool, n.: decoy.
stipend : yay. stithy; anvil, forge. stool, V. I.: defecate.

^(W See Notes of Explanation.

411
 STOOP
stoop, V. i. t. lean, bend, incline, bow; spec. (chiefly legal), arrest (formal), arrestment
cower, slouch see crouch.
; (rare), discontinuance; spec, check, check-
Antonyms: see rise. ing, resistance, interception; see end,
2. See YIELD, CRINGE, SWOOP, CONDE- PREVENTION, INTERRUPTION, SUPPRES-
SCEND. SION, CLOSURE, RESISTANCE.
stoop, n. 1. bend, inclination, stooping; Antonyms: see impulse, continuance,
spec, slouch, crouch, cower. CONTINUATION.
2. descent, condescension, vouchsafe- 2. See STOP.
ment, condescendence. stopper, n. stop, stopple; spec, cork,
3. See SWOOP. bung, plug, spigot, shive.
stooping, a. crouching, cowering, slouchy. stopper, V. t. close, stop, stopple; spec.
Antonyms: see erect. cork, spike, plug.
stop, V. 1. 1. See CLOSE, obstruct. Antonyms: see open.
2. Referring to action not put forth by the storage, n. storing, stowage; spec, ware-
person or thing that causes the stop: check, housing, tankage.
arrest (formal or literary), hold, stay (now store, n. 1. See storehouse, storeroom,
literary); spec, resist (contextual), halt, in- SHOP.
tercept, bar, block, embar (obs. or archaic), 2. supply, stock, accumulation, treasure
stall, cease (rare), belay (sailors' slang), (literary); spec, mine, reserve, garner,
discontinue, pawl, field (baseball); see hoard, magazine, cache, clamp (cant); see
prevent, INTERRUPT, RESTRAIN, SUP- SAVING, FUND.
PRESS, NONPLUS. store, V. t. 1. See furnish, accumulate,
Antonyms: see impel. HOARD.
8. Referring to stopping one's own action: 2. deposit, reposit (rare), hive (fi.g. only),
cease, discontinue, quit (17. S.), belay garner, treasure [literary; rare), entreas-
(sailors' slang), drop (slang; chiefly in ure (rare); spec, magazine (rare), hide,
"drop it"), leave (archaic); spec, arrest, bury, cache, reserve, tank (rare), reser-
abandon. voir, bottle, sack, warehouse.
Antonyms: see continue. storehouse, n. depository, repository,
stop, V. i. 1. desist (chiefly literary), cease, store (U. S. and British colonies), reper-
surcease (literary; rare), stay (now liter- tory (literary or rare), repertorium (rare),
ary or formal and chiefly in the impera- treasury (literary); spec, magazine (mil.),
tive), discontinue (formal); spec, die hive (Jig.), golah (Anglo-Indian); see
(usually with "out"), pause, halt, leave, GRANARY, WAREHOUSE.
hesitate, breathe (fig.), stall, intermit; see storeroom, n. depository, store; spec.
END. loft (U. S.), cellar, larder.
Antonyms: continue.
see stork, n. crane (local).
2. Referring to a cessation of a physical stork, a. pelargic (rare).
journey or progress: stand, halt, prop storm, n. 1. tempest (literary or rhetorical),
(Australia), touch; spec, bait, noon, bluster (fig.), rack (obs. or rare); spec.
lodge, tarry. hurricane, cyclone, anticyclone, blizzard,
8. See DELAY. blow (slang or colloq.), gale, brickfielder
stop, n. 1. stoppage, check, cessation, stay (Australia), tornado, whirlwind, squall,
(now literary or tech.), cease (obs., exc. in typhoon, snowfall, rainfall, etc.
"ivithout cease"), discontinuance, sur- Antonyms: see calm.
cease (literary); spec, block, desistance, 2. See outbreak, flight.
pause, hesitation, halt, hitch (colloq.), storm, V. i. 1. Referring to the elements:
caesura, intermission. rage, rave (rare); spec, snow, rain, blow,
Antonyms: see continuance.^ hail, etc.
2. stand, prop (Australia), jib (rare); 2. See RAGE, scold, rush.
spec, check. storm, V. t. Spec, see assail, attack.
8. In music: register; diapason,
spec, stormjr, a. 1. foul, rough, severe, tempes-
cromorna or cremona, tuba, celeste, tuous (formal), wild, dirty (used esp. of
flauto (Italian), flageolet, flute, dolcan, wet weather at sea); spec, oragious (rare),
dital, larigot, gamba, gemshorn, serpent. breme (obs. or poetic), uproarious, ram-
4. See station, mark, stopper, delay. pant, rampageous (colloq.), roaring, rainy,
stop, interj. soft, hold, avast (naut.), quit snowy, sleety, etc.; see windy, rough.
(coUoq., U.S.); spec, silence, whoa. Antonyms: see calm.
stoppage, n. 1. stop (rare), stopping, stay 2. See violent.

t^' Cross references: see Note. stopping: storm; assail, attack.

stoop, V. t.: how. stopple: stopper. story; account, history, narra-
Btop-gap: expedient. storied: famous, ornamented. tive, legend, fable.

K^° See Notes of Explanation.

412
 STRENGTH
stoiy, n. floor, stage, contignation (rare); strap-shaped, a. ligulate (tech.).
spec, basement, clerestory, loft, flat, mez- strategy, n. 1. Spec, generabhip, tactics.
zanine. 2. See ARTIFICE.
stove, n. 1. Spec, heater, range, cockle, stratified, a. stratiform (tech. or learned),
furnace, kiln. layered; see LAMOfATE.
2. See OLASSHOUSE. stratum, n. layer; spec, (in geol.) post,
straddle, v. t. & i. bestraddle (v. t. only; an measure, magma.
intensive), stride (.rare), bestride (». t. straw-colored, a. yellow, stramineous
only), cross (v. t. only; coUoq.). '
(learned), festucine (rare).
straggle, v. i. 1. See wander. stray, v. i. 1. deviate, exorbitate (archaic),
2. draggle, tail, string, stretch. estray (archaic), extra vagate (rare), range,
Antonyms: see crowd. err (chiefly Jig.; now archaic); see wan-
straight, a. 1. right, direct; spec, straight- der.
lined, rectilinear, (of hair) lank, lanky. Antonyms: see gather, convene.
Antonyms: see ANCuiiAR, bent, curved, 2. (See ERR.
CROOKED, DEVIOUS, SINUOUS, ZIGZAG. stray, a. 1. deviating, strayed, astray, er-
2. See erect, upright, inferable. rant (literary); see WANDERiNa.
straight, adv. 1. directly, dead, right, 2. See ACCIDENTAL.
forthright (archaic), outright (archaic). strealc, n. 1. stripe, vein, fleck, flake, stria
2. See immediately. (tech.), striation (tech.); spec, thread,
straightedge, n. staff; spec, strickle, band, line, interstriation, slick, vitta
striok. (tech.), penciling, seam, ridge, furrow.
straighten, v. t. straight (rare). 2. See TRACE.
Antonyms: seecurve. streak, v. t. stripe, vein, fleck, flake, striate
strain, n. 1. See race, family, trace, (tech.); spec, pencil, tabby, line, be-
note, song. streak (intensive; rare), band.
2. In music: diapason (tech.), fit or fytte strealied, a. striped, veined, striate (tech.),
(rare), stave, snatch, point (archaic). flecked; spec, hned, rowy, penciled or
8. Referring to conduct, way of talking, etc.: (tech.) pencilate, brinded, brindled, tabby.
passage, flight, movement, vein, tone. stream, n. 1. flow, run, current, rindle
strain, v. t. I. stress; see stretch, bend, (rare or dial.), fleet (local Eng.), flood (obs.
deform, pervert. or poetic), fresh, kill (local U. S.; chiefly
2. bend, tax, task. in proper names); spec, coulee, confluent,
8. overstrain (intensive), try, outstrain affluent; see river, rivulet, brook,
(rare), overtax; spec, overexert, screw, TRIBUTARY, STREAMLET.
rack, wrench, outstretch (rare), over- 2. See FLOW, SERIES.
stretch (rare); see sprain. stream, v. i. 1. flow, run, rindle (rare or
4. separate (contextual), percolate, trans- dial.), rill (rare); spec, drill (rare or dial.),
colate (rare); spec, colander, elutriate; trickle, discharge, spout.
see FILTRATE. 2. See MOVE, hang, extend.
strain, n. 1. stress, streamlet, n. stream, rill, trickle, drill
tension, tensity; see
FORCE, EFFORT. (rare or dial.) ; see rivulet, brook.
2. tax, burden, task. street-cleaner, n. scavenger (formal), or-
8. overstrain, overtax; spec, wrench; see derly (Eng.), white-wings (slang; local
SPRAIN. U. S.).
strainer, n. sieve, oolature (rare), colatory strength, n. 1. Referring merely to capacity
(rare); spec, bolter, physeter, colander, to exert force: see power.
filter. 2. Referring to the capacity of man or
strand, n. t. string, twist; spec, sliver. beast to exert force: sinew or (pi.) sinews,
2. FIBER.
iSee nerve, muscle, brawn, stamina, thew or
stranger, n. unknown. (pi.) thews (archaic), sturdiness (rare),
Antonyms: see acquaintance. stoutness, foison (chiefly Scot.), main
strap, n. band
(contextual), strip, strop (obs., in "with might and main'),
exc.
(chiefly spec); spec, enarme (armor), doughtiness (literary; archaic or humor-
crupper, jess (falconry), martingale. ous); spec, arm (fig.); see stalwartness.
tW Cross references: see Note. strand, v. t: ground. sharpen.
stoup: flagon. stranded: aground. strass: p
Btout: firm, big, fnt. brave, cou- strange: foreign, unfamiliar, stratagem: artifice.
1 ageoua, hardy, stalwart, strong. surprising, odd, inexperienced, straw: stalk.
stow: jtack, hide, furl, hold. distant, bashful, distrustful. strawberry: birthmark.
stowage: storage. stranger: foreigner, visitor, tji- streak, v. i.: move.
fltralghtly: immediately. truder. stream, v. i.: flmo.
straightway: immediately. strangulate: constrict. streamer, n.: flag, pennon, ray.
strand, n.: shore. strap, 0. t.: thrash, fasten. street: road.

t?° See Notes ot Explanation.

413
 STRENGTHEN
See also the general terms under power. stretched, a. tense, taut, strict.
Antonyms: see weakness. stretcher, n. 1. Spec, tent, tenter, temple.
3. Referring to the mere capacity to re- 2. See UTTER.
sist force: solidity, toughness, stoutness, stretching, a. tensive.
stanchness, robustiousness (rare or hu- strict, a. 1. See tight, stretched, ac-
morous); see FIKMNESS. curate, restricted.
Antonyms: see weakness. . 2. unyielding, inflexible, unswerving, un-
4. Referring to the wind: freshness, brisk- compromising, stringent, severe, exact,
ness. rigorous, rigid, strait (archaic), precise,
5. Referring alcoholic liquors: body,
to nice, punctual (archaic), scrupulous, ex-
potency (formal), potence (rare); spec. treme.
proof. Antonyms: secLASi.
6. Spec, adhesiveness, stickiness, effec- 3. Referring only to morals, religious prac-
tiveness, hardiness, vigor, determination, tices, etc.: strait-laced, puritanical, blue;
activity, decidedness, violence, intensity, see SCRUPULOUS, conscientious, aus-
acuteness, brilliance, ability, influence, tere.
loudness, depth, energy, cogency, empha^ Antonyms: see lax.
sis, stress, durability. strike, v. t. 1. In the general sense of to
strengtben, Referring to a physical
v. t. 1. cause to be impinged upon: impinge (rare
structural strengthening: fortify (rare, exc. or tech.), hit, smite (archaic or rhetorical),
spec.), reinforce or reenforce, support, verberate (rare), take (contextual).
buttress (fig. or spec); see brace. 2. With special implications: bang, baste
Antonyms: see weaken. (now colloq.), thwack, bethwack (inten-
2. Referring to an increase in power, or sive), belabor, box, buffet, clour (Scot, or
capacity to exert force: invigorate, invigor dial.), cob (colloq.), crack (chiefly slang),
(rore), potentiate (rare), reenforce or re- dash, hurtle (rare), job, smash, pash
flail,
inforce, fortify; spec, recruit, enforce, (archaic or rare) pick, plug (slang) , punch,
,

reman, flank, fortify, gird, freshen. rap, slam, slash, slug (colloq.), smack,
Antonyms: see weaken, exhaust, swipe (colloq.), whang (dial, or colloq.),
BLIGHT, enervate. whop (colloq.), flsticuB, clout, saber, sa-
8. Referring only to the strength of man or bre, cut, bunt, bowl, dolly, stamp, butt,
animal: indurate, sinew, nerve, vitalize, cane, cannon, foul, nob (boxing slang),
harden, brace. See also def. 2, above. knee, brake, beat, cudgel, flst, flap, flip,
Antonyms: see weaken, enervate, ex- harpoon, knock, lash, peck, pelt, pound,
haust. punch, shock, shoot, slap, percuss, switch,
4. Referring to a making more secure, urir- drum, tap, thrash, whip.
changeable, or probable in respect of ideas, 3. In the sense of to cause (a thing) to im-
habits, opinions, etc.: confirm, fortify, rob- pinge: impinge (rare), hit, smite (archaic
orate (rare), encourage, clench, clinch, or rhetorical), collide (rare); spec, bang,
corroborate (rare); heighten. bound, crack (slang), drive, dash, hurtle,
Antonyms: see weaken. rap, slam, slash, smack, stamp, be^t,
6. Referring to the voice: raise, rear (rare clash, flap, knock, lash, pelt, pound, slap,
or archaic). switch, dium, tap, thrash, whip.
6. See AID, INTENSIFY, SUPPORT, CHEER, 4. See DEAL, IGNITE, HOOK, LOWER, AF-
ENCOURAGE, CONCENTRATE. FLICT, BLIGHT, DISCOVER, ASSUME, SOUND,
stretch, v. t. 1. See extend, exaggerate, MAKE, MEET, AFFECT, FLATTEN.
EXCEED. strike, v. i. 1. impinge (rare), hit, smite
3. strain (contexttud), draw (contextual), (archaic or rhetorical); spec. Duffet, can-
pull (contextual, exc. as with "out"), tense non, clash, clatter, crash, smash, dash,
(rare), tenter; spec, screw, brace, beam, drive, jar, knock, pat, patter, peck, pelt,
rack, finedraw, wiredraw (often fig.), spat (colloq.), tattoo, thud; see glance.
crane; see expand, distend, bend. 2. To make a stroke (at): spec, smite (or-
Antonyms: see contract, squeeze, chaic or rhetorical), slash, smash.
PRESS. 3. See COLLIDE, GO, HAPPEN, ROOT, SOUND.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. stretch, n.: scope, effort, ex- stride, v. t.; cross.
Btrengthless: panse, flight. stride, 7? . : step, gait.
strenuous energetic, spirited, strew: scatter, sprinkle. strident: harsh, creaking.
vigorous. strewn: scattered. stridor: creak.
stress, V. t: strain, accent, em- stria: line, streak. stridulate: creak, shriU.
phasize, striate, V. f.: streak. stridulous: creaking, shrill.
stress. force, constraint, striate, a..' streaked. strife: emulation, contention,
strain, height, effort, impor- stricken; blighted. dissension, dispute.
tance, accent, emphasis. stricture: censure. strifeful: emulous, contentious,
stretch, v. i,: extend, straggle. stride, V. i.: step, walk. dissentious, disputatious.

%W See Notes of Explanation.

414
 STRONG
strike, n. 1. See stroke, discovert. chuck, pick, peck, pat, flick, bob, lick,
S. turnout, walkout (cant), tie-up (U. S.; bunt, touch, tapotement (French; rare),
coUoq.). rap.
striking, a. 1. percussive, percutient 3. In games: shot, hit; spec, follow, re-
(rare). turn, fluke, hazard, jenny, mass6, screw,
2. See NOTICEABLE. string, snick, take-o£f, roquet, boast,
striking, n. strike (rare), percussion, ver- foul, cut, foozle, loft, putt or put, lob.
beration (rare), illision (rare). 4. action, coup (French), hit.
string, n. 1. band (contextual), line, cord, 5. See ATTACK, PARALYSIS, PULSATION,
snare (chiefly spec), thread (chiefly spec), MOVEMENT, CARESS, LINE, SOUND, FLOUR-
chord (now poetic); spec twine, cordon, ISH, SARCASM.
cordonnet, cordeliere, braid, bride, gut, stroke, v. t. Spec, palm, lick, pat, flick,
lace, leash, lead, lanyard, mese (Greek peck; see rub, caress.
music), wire (music). stroll, V.i. saunter, loiter, loimge, troll
2. Referring to a series of things: chain, (rare), spatiate (rare), dander (Scot.);
festoon, rope; spec, chaplet, rosarv. spec, ramble.
8. Spec, gang, coffle, stud, file. "String" stroll, n. saunter, loiter, lounge, spatia-
is coUoq. tion (rore); spec, ramble.
4. See HOW, HOAX. stroller, n. saunterer, loiterer, etc., fldneur
string, V. t. 1. cord, rope; spec, shard, (French); spec, boulevardier (French).
wire. strolling, n. sauntering, etc., fl&nerie
2. See FILE, EXTEND, HOAX. (French).
string, V. i. 1. rope, fibrillate. strong, a. 1. Referring merely to the capac-
2. STBAQGLE.
(See ity to exert force: see powerful.
stringcourse, n. table, tablet or tablette 2. Referring to the strength of or man
(rare), tablement (rare); spec, ledg- beast: sinewy, nervy, sinewous (rare),
ment or ledgement. nervous (spec, exc. fig.), muscular (spec,
stringy, a. 1. cordy (rare), ropy; see fila- exc fig.), brawny, sturdy, stout, husky
mentous. (coUoq., U. S.), doughty (chiefly literary;
2. (See STICKY. archaic or humorous), robustious (chiefly
strip, n. I. slip, ribbon or ribband (chiefly archaic; often humorous), Herculean
spec, or tech.); spec, ligula (tech.), ligule (fig.), Atlantean (fig.), buckra (slang,
(rare), counterlath, rand (obs. or dial), southern U. S.); spec, tough; see stal-
skelp, list, rod, lath, label, welt, tape; see wart. See also the general words under
STRAP^ THONG. powerful.
2. stripe; spec screed, headland, listel, Antonyms: see weak, exhausted, pow-
fiUet; see BAND. erless, WEAKLY.
strip, V. t. 1. See deprive, PLtTNDER, HULL, 3. Referring mere capacity to resist
to the
SKIN. force: tough, stout, stanch, ro-
solid,
2. bare, disfurnish (rare), deplenish (rare), bustious (rare or humorous); see Firm.
displenish (Scot.), disinvest (rare), divest, Antonyms: see weak, brittle, crum-
skin (coUoq. or spec); spec, dismantle, bly, flimsy.
peel, disgarnish (literary), disarm, defoli- 4. Referring to the wind: powerful, lively,
ate, deforest, disflower, deflorate, dismast, smart, virent (rare); spec, brisk, fresh,
plume (rare), displume (rare), glean; see freshish.
DISMANTLE. Antonyms: see weak.
Antonyms: see cover. 5. Referring to alcoholic liquors: full,
5. bare, undress, disrobe, disvest (literary solid (rare), nappy, bodied, stiff, heavy,
or tech.), divest (literary), disinvest (rare), hard.
denude, disarray (literary), peel (colloq. or 6. Referring to an odor or smell: spec
slang); spec, uncloak. gamy, high, hot; see rank.
Antonyms: see clothe. 7. Referring to the feelings: powerful,
strive, endeavor, strain, labor.
V. i. 1. forcible, masterful; see intense.
2. See CONTEKTD, QUARREL. 8. See sticky, hardy, vigorous, deter-
stroke, n. 1. strike (rare), smite (archaic or mined, active, decided, violent, able,
rhetorical), impact, hit, percussion (chiefly bright, influential, loud, deep, ener-
spec); spec, see blow, knock, glance, GETIC, emphatic, cogent.
DRUMBEAT, TAP, SLAP, SWITCH, LASH, "Strong" can be used as a synonym of very
FLAP. many words that denote more than usual acr-
2. With more special implications: spec. I
tivity, intensity, or the like.

X^" Cross references: see Note. Btripe,n.: band, streak, 8trip,kind. striped: banded.
stringent: strict. stripe, V. t: line, band, atreah. stripling: youth.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

415
 STRONGHOLD
stronghold, n. hold, fastness; see forti- studio, n. workroom, atelier (Freneh).
fication, REFUGE. studious, a. 1. booky, bookish.
struck, p. a. smitten (archaic or rhetorical). 2. <See attentive, diligent.
structural, a. constructional, constitu- study, n. 1. lucubration (literary); spec.
tive (rare, exc. spec), conformational cram, pilpul.
(rare), textural, organic; spec, geotec- 2. See consideration, exercise, ob-
tonic, tectonic, architectural. ject, sketch.
structure, n. t. make, build, frame, con- study, V. i. 1. lucubrate read (con^ (rare),
stitution, composition, construction, or- textual), con (archaic or pore dial.); spec,
ganization, make-up, texture, conforma- (chiefly with "over"), grind, sap (school
tion, nature (contextual), tissue (chiefly slang), dig (collog.), cram (slang).
schematism (rare), physique (chiefly
spec.) , Antonyms: see play.
spec.) organism (rare), framing; spec, mal- 2. See consider.
conformation; see architecture. study, V. t. I. read (contextual); spec, grind
S. frame, framework, fabric, texture, (colloq.), dig (colloq. or slang), con (archaic
work, shell, case, skeleton, carcass, cor- or dial.), cram (slang).
pus, machine (rare), erection, compages 2. See consider, plan.
(literary); spec, contignation (rare), super- stuff, V. t. fill (contextual), ram, cram;
structure, network, cradle, trestle, truss, spec, pad, pack, wad, flock, lard.
crib, chassis, creel, grillage, cage, grid- Antonyms: see empty.
iron, grid, cortex; see building. stuffing, n. Spec, padding, wadding, ex-
structureless, a. unformed, unorganized. celsior, dressing.
struggle, V. i. 1. reluctate (rare), sprawl stultify, V. t. besot, duncify (rare), idiotize
(ohs. or rare), reluct (rare), agonize (rare); (literary or fig.).
spec, wrestle, tussle, scramble, scuffle, stumblingblock, n. offense (archaic),
wriggle, kick; see contend. scandal (o religious term).
Antonyms: see yield. stump, n. 1. stub, snag (chiefly spec),
a. /Seeendeavor. scrag (chiefly dial.), stool (rare); see log.
struggle, n. 1. reluctation (rare), reluct- 2. remnant, stub; spec dock.
ance (rare); spec, wrestle, scramble, 3. See challenge.
wriggle, scuffle; see contest. stunt, V. t. Referring to growth: check,
2. See endeavor, effort. cramp, nip; see dwarf.
struggling, a. reluctant (rare). stunted, a. undergrown, checked, nipped,
strut, V. i. cock (fig.), prance, swell, runtish, scrubby; spec, dwarfish.
major, peacock (fi^T), flaunt, bestrut (an stupefaction, n. I. confusion, bewilder-
intensive), brank (archaic or Scot.), perk; ment, petrifaction (rare), paralysis (chief-
see SWAGGER. ly spec), dazing, obfuscation (rare), stun-
strut, n. cock, prance; see swagger. ning, etc.
stub, n. I. See stump, end. 2. See stupor, intoxication.
2. Remainder of a check, etc.: counterfoil. stupefactive, a. stupefacient, confusing,
stub, V. 1. 1. iSee clear. etc., torpific (rare), carotic (rare), nar-
2. Referring to the toe: strike, stump (col- cotic, dazing; spec, intoxicating, daz-
loq.). zling.
stubble, n. eddish (tech.; Eng.). stupefied, a. confused, dazed, benumbed,
stubby, a. 1. rough, stubbly. dazy (rare), stupent (rare); spec coma-
2. See STOCKY. tose, intoxicated.
stud, ». 1. 1. See support, spot. Antonyms: see alert.
2. boss, emboss, bestud (on intensive), stupefy, V. t. confuse, confound (archaic),
set, beset (an intensive), knot (rare). obfuscate obstupefy (rare), dull;
(rare),
studded, a. bossy, bossed, embossed, set, spec, bewilder, stun, daze, muddle, besot
beset; spec, naily. (chiefly spec), benumb, maze (archaic),
student, n. studier (rare), bookman (rare), bemuse (archaic), dare (obs. or dial. Eng.),
lucubrator (rare); spec, bookworm, grind, daver (Eng. dial.), deaden, petrify, par-
dig (slang), sap (slang), opsimath (rare); alyze, dulhfy entrance, narcotize,
(colloq.) ,

see scholar. opiate (rare), drug, intoxicate, dazzle. .

Antonyms: see teacher. Antonyms: seerouse.

tS^ Crass references: see Note. staff:, n.: TnaUer, fabric. stump, V. t: stub, defeat, chdl-
Btrow: scatter. stuffed; full, surfeited.
strum, V. i,: thrum. stuffy: dose. stump stocky, squat.
:

strumpet: harlot. stumble, v. i:: misstep, falter, stun: stupefy, shock, deafen,
stucco: jilaater. blunder, err, happen. surprise.
tud: stririg. stumble, n.; miastep, falter, stunning: fine
studied: deliberate, ddborate. blunder, error. stunt, 71.: feat.
stuff, V. i,: gormandise. stump, 0. i.: waik, speak. stupendous: immense.
fS" See Notes Of Explanation.
416
 SUBMIT
Btuptd, a. unintelligent, witless, thought- chic (French or slang), genteel (chiefly sar-
less {rare), stolid, heavy, brainless, va- castic), tonish (coUoq.), high-toned (a
cant, empty, dull, inept (literary), sense- cheap or contemptuous term), tony (slang
leas, dull-witted, dense, inane, fatuous or coUoq.; U. S. and colonial Eng.), ala-
(a literary term)^ slow, obtuse, insulse mode; spec, dressy (colloq.), smart.
(rare), crass, asinine, doltish, fat (calloq.), Antonyms: see old-fashioned.
fat-headed {colloq.), flat, incapacious, subdivide, v. t. divide (contextual), re-
wooden, wooden-headed, headless (rare), divide.
dotish or doatish (rare), doting or doating subdual, n. subjection, subjugaHon, re-
(rare), dumpish, anserine (rare), purblind, duction, subduement (rare); spec, down-
cloddish, blockish, oafish (rare), addle ing (coUoq.), taming, etc.; see overcom-
(rare), addle-headed, fiddle-headed (rare), ing, intimidation, mitigation.
pig-headed (colloq.), buffle-headed. sot- subdue, V. t. subject, subjugate, allay;
tish (chiefly spec), donkeyish (rare), spec, down, milden, tame, curb, reduce,
heavy-headed, dotardly (rare), daft (obs. bend, bow, break; see overcome, intimi-
or dud.), Boeotian (fi^.), stoekish (rare), date, mitigate, suppress.
hebete (rare), hebetudinous (rare); spec. subdued, a. subjected, reduced, redact
foolish, idiotic, imbecile, driveling (ex- (obs. or rare); spec, chastened, dispirited.
tremely contemptuous). Antonyms: «ee unsubdued.
Antonyms: see intelligent, clever, subject, n. 1. In a political sense: liege,
BHARF, SHREWD, PRECOCIOUS, WITTY. people (a collective; contextital). A "citi-
Stupid, n. See simpleton. zen" is not a "subject."
stupidity, n. witlessness (rare), inepti- Antonyms: see lord, ruler, monarch.
tude (literary), crassitude den-
(literary), 2. Referring to one subjected to some ac-
sity, opacity (literary or learned; rare), tion, power, or habit: slave, patient.
inanity, fatuousness or fatuity (literary), Antonyms: see actor.
noodleism (contemptuous), noodledom S. In hypnotism, spiritualism, etc.: psr
(contemptuous), jaokassery (rare; con- tient, medium, sensitive, syrnpathetic;
temptuous), ioDDernowlism (colloq.), hebe- spec, psychic, hypnotic.
tude (rare), senselessness, dullness, etc. 4. matter, theme, topic, question, head,
Antonyms: see intelligence, discern- subject matter, object matter, text (chief-
ment; also c/. clever, sharp, etc. ly spec), locus (a Latinism; rare); spec.
stupor, n. stupefaction, daze, confusion lemma, food, Leitmotiv (German), teeto,
(contextual), lethargy, mazement (rare), dux.
iazedness (rare), dazement (rare), dead- 5. In logic: premise.
ness (rare), lull (rare); spec, narcotism, 6. In metaphysics: ego.
coma; see sleep. 7. In medicine: see patient.
style, n. I. See point, pen, name. subject, V. t. 1. master, subjugate, break,
2. mode, fashion, genre (French), manner, enslave; see subdue, overcome.
character, ton (French), form, taste, gout 2. expose, submit, surrender, abandon,
(French); spec, histrionism, gusto. put; see subordinate.
8. Relating to expression: diction, word- subjective, a. 1. inner, interior, objective
ing, phraseology; spec, cacology, euphu- (the use of the older medieval philosophy).
ism, preciosity, Gongorism, Guevarism, Antonjpns: see objective.
journalese (coUoq.), Johnsonese, Car- 2. See introspective, deceptive.
lylese, Ruskinese, etc. sublet, V. t. let (contextual), sublease, un-
4. Relating to a conventional standard, esp. derlease, underlet, underset (Eng.).
in social relations, dress, etc.: spec, fash- submerge, v. 1. 1. See sine.
ion, ton (French), pattern, model, vogue, 2. whelm, drown, bury, submerse (rare);
chic (French or slang), fashionableness, see overflow.
bon ton (French or slang), haut ton submissive, a. yielding, passive, meek,
(French), format, get-up, make, wear tame, slavish, humble; see deferential,
(rare or cant), block, cut. complaisant, resigned, obedient.
styUform, a. stylate, styloid, pen-shaped. Antonyms: see unsubmissive, defiant,
stylish, a. fashionable, modish, elegant. arrogant, authoritative.
tW Cross references: see Note. subject, a.: servUe, liahle, con- sublime, a.; exalted.
stupid, n,: blockhead. ditional. sublime, 1. 1.: purify, idealize.
sturdy: determined, airtmg, subject matter: subject. submarine, a.: urtderwater.
hardy, etaZwart. subjoin: add, attach. submerge, v. i.: sink.
stutter: falter. subjugate: subdue, subject, submergence: submersion.
Bty: pigsty, pen. overcome. submission: yielding, offer.
B^le, V. t.: name. sublimate, v. t.: purify, ideal- submit, V. t.: subject, profose,
i^ptio: atlringent. ize. present, offer, refer.
susvee smooth, agreea!Ue. sublimate, n.; deposit. Submit, V. i.: yield.

f^ See Notes ol Ezplaoatloa.

417
 ' —

SUBORDINATE
subordinate, n. inferior, sub {colloq.), un- substitution, n. exchange or change (coti-
derstrapper (cxmtemptiiums), underling textval), shift, subrogation (rare or spec),
(depreciatory); spec, subaltern (chiefly surrogation (rare); spec enallage, nova-
mil.), dependent. tion.
subordinate, subsidiary,
a. ancillary subtle, a. 1. See attenuated, penetra-
(chiefly tech. orfl^.), servient (chiefly tech.); tive, ELUSIVE, NICE, DELICATE, INTELLI-
spec, dependent, understrapping (rare); GENT, INGENIOUS, DISCERNING, ARTFUL.
see SECONDARY, COLLATERAL. 2. profound, fine, refined, fine-spun, wire-
Antonyms: see chief, master, ruling. drawn (fig/), superfine, nice, deUcate,
subordinate, v. t. subject, submit, post- deep, subtile (now rare), astute, sharp,
pone, postposit (rare). witty (chiefly spec), serpentine (literary;
subordination, n. subjection, submission, fig.), keen, exile (archaic).
subservience, servitude (rare), subordi- Antonyms: see crude.
nacy (rare); spec, postponement. subtlety, n. 1. See attenuation, nice-
subscribe, v. t. 1. underwrite, undersign, NESS, NICETY, DELICACY, INTELLIGENCE,
postscribe; see sign. ART.
2. See inscribe, promise. 2. profundity, fineness, refinement, pro-
subsequent, a. 1. Referring toorder or time: foundness, delicacy, subtleness, subtile-
following, sequent, after (chiefly referring ness (now rare), subtility (now rare),
to time), posterior, sequacious (rare), se- nicety, depth, astuteness, sharpness, wit-
quential (rare), latter, succeeding, suc- tiness (chiefly spec), keenness, exility
cessive, attendant (contextual). (rare).
Antonyms: see former, previotts. Antonyms: see crudeness; c/. crude.
2. Referring time only: later, future (a
to 3.Referring to an argument, distinction,
loose usaae), postliminary (rare), postll- etc.: profundity, quiddity (rare), refine-
minious (an erroneous use). ment, subtiUty (now rare), nicety.
Antonyms: see former. suburb, n. outskirt, skirt (often in pi.),
subside, v. i. 1. See sink. faubourg (French).
2. lower, sink, settle, fall, drop, lapse. succeed, v. t. follow; spec, inherit, replace.
subsidy, n. gift, grant, aid, allowance, con- succeed, v. i. 1. iSee follow.
tribution, subvention, bounty; all con- 2. Referring to a person: prosper, speed
textual. (archaic), prevail, cotton (obs.), win.
Antonyms: see tax. Antonyms: see fail.
subsoil, n. earth (contextu/d), substratum, 8. Referring to a thing: go, do, take (rare
undersoil; spec. pan. or med.), prevail.
substance, n. 1. See essence, matter, Antonyms: see fail.
material, meaning, wealth, actuality. success, n. 1, See fortune.
2. matter, substratum, essence (tech.),hy\e 2. prosperity, speed (archaic), hit (coUoq.;
hypostasis (tech.), stuff.
(ohs. or tech.), often spec), go (chiefly U. S.; coUoq.).
8. body, sum, gist, heart, core, fuUness, Antonyms: see defeat, failure.
volume, gravamen (tech.), pith, content. Referring to what succeeds: go (chiefly
8.
substitute, n. Spec, makeshift, apology, U.S.; colloq.), hit (coUoq.; often spec).
duplicate, suocedaneum (rare), surrogate succession, n. 1. following, sequence, con-
(rare or spec), vicar, understudy, repre- secution, consequence, rotation, seriality
sentative, change. (rare), procession.
substitute, v. t. exchange (contextual), 2. See descent, series.
supposite (rare), suffect (rare), substi- 3. inheritance; spec, reversion, entail
ture, subrogate (rare or spec), surrogate (rare).
(rare). successive, a. sequent, sequential, con-
substituted, a. vicarial (rare), vicarious secutive, serial, progressive, successional,
(chiefly spec; literary or learned), suffected contiguous; spec, ordinal; see following.
(rare), subrogated (rare or spec). Antonyms: see preceding.
^f^ Cross references: see Note. subsidize: bribe, aid. substratum: subsoil, substance.
suborn: induce, bribe. subsist, V. i,: be, continue, con- subterfuge; artifice, pretext, ex-
subrogate: substitute. inhere, live, prevail, apply.
sist, pedient.
subscribe, v. i.: accede. subsist, V. i.: support, feed. subterranean, subterrane*
subscript: postscript, signature. subsistence: being, living. ous: underground,
subscription: postscript, sig- subslstent: being, inherent. subtile: subtle.
nature, accession, contribution. substantial: essential, impor- subtilize, s.t.; refine.
subserve: assist, serve, aid. tant, considerable, massive, ac- subtract: deduct, abstract.
subserrlent: subordinate, ob- tual, influential, virtual, nour- subvention: subsidy.
sequious, obedient, serviceable, ishing, pithy. subversionary; ruinous.
contributory, complaisant. substantialize: actualize. subvert: ruin, abolish.
subsidiary: auxiliary, eubordi- substantiate: achtaiize, em- successful: fortunate, prosper-
nate, accidental. body, prove, confirm. ous.

W See Notes of Explanation.

418
 —

SULLY
suooesslvely, a. consecutively, serially, 2. See EXTINGUISH.
etc., seriatim. suffocate, v. i. 1. choke, smother, strangle
suck, V. t. 1. draw (contextual), pull; spec. (chiefly spec), stifle, asphyxiate (tech.);
drink, inhale. spec. gulp.
2.See ABSORB. 2. See DIE.
suck, n. draw, pull, suction (formal or suffocation, n. choking, smothering, as-
tech.); spec, exsuction. phyxiation, etc.
sucker, n. Spec, suckling, proboscis,
haus- suffocative, a. choky, choking, stifling,
tellum, acetabulum, bothrium, haustori- smothery, strangly (colloq.), pothery
um, surculus. (rare).
sucking, a. 1. sugent (rare). suffrage, n. 1. See accession.
8. suctorial (formal), sugescent (rare; 2. vote.
suctional (rare); spec, haustellate.
tech.), sugary, a. sweet, saccharine (tech.), sac-
suckle, V. t. feed (contextual), nurse. charous (rare); spec, honeyed.
suckle, V. i. draw, suck, nurse, pull (col- Antonyms: see souk.
hq.). suggest, V. t. present, prompt, inspire; see
suckling, n. lactation. INTIMATE, ADVANCE.
sudden, o. 1. abrupt, precipitant (rare), suggestion, n. 1. presentation, prompt-
subitaneous (rare). ing, inspiration, prompture (rare); see
Antonyms: see gradual, slow. INTIMATION, ADVANCE.
2. See ABRUPT. 2. Referring to what is suggested: inspira-
suddenly, adv. slap (colloq.), plump, pres- tion, cue (chiefly spec), prompt (rare);
to, smack (colloq.). see INTIMATION.
sudorific, a. sudoriferous, sudoriparous, suicide, n. 1. homicide (contextual), self-
hidrotic; all tech. destruction, self-murder, self-homicide
sudorific, n. diaphoretic (tech.), sudatory (rare), felo-de-se (a loose use; Latin), self-
(tech.), sweater. slaughter (rare); spec, hara-kiri (not
suds, n. pi. lixivium (tech.). "harir-kari"), seppuku (rare).
sufier, V. t. 1. experience (contextttal), bear, 2. self-murderer, felo-de-se (tech.; Latin),
endure, sustain, undergo; spec, receive, self-destroyer.
pay, get, take. suit, V. i. agree, fit, serve (chiefly spec),
2. See ENDURE, PERMIT. sort (archaic).
sufler, V. i. groan, smart, agonize, sweat suite,.n. 1. See retinue.
(slang), smoke (spec, or fig.); spec. pay. 2. Referring to rooms: set, suit; spec.
suflerer, n. patient (rare); spec, martyr, apartment, conclave.
flat,
protomartyr. suitor, n. 1. lover (contextual), beau, at-
suflering, n. 1. sufferance (archaic), ex- tendant (contextual), wooer, protestant
perience (contextiial), endurance, bearing, (rare), steady (slang or dial.). "Suitor" is
sustainment, undergoing; spec, receiving, formal; "beau" is the ordinary familiar
etc., passion (obs., exc. of Christ on the word.
cross and of his agony in the Garden of 2. /See LITIGANT.
Gethsemane), pathos (learned), teen (ar- sulk, V. i. pout, pet, mope, mump (rore),
cAoic), martyrdom; «eePAiN. grump (rare; colloq.), boody (rare).
2. iSpec. endurance, permission. sulk, n. fit, pout, pet.
suffice, V. i. serve, do, satisfy. sullen, a. ill-tempered (contextual), *ilky,
suffix, n. affix (contextual), ending, ter- glum, grum, glumpy (rare), morose,
mination, postfix, addition (contextual), moody, mumpish, dogged, doggish (rare),
terminant (rare). cloudy.
Antonyms: see prefix. Antonyms: see good-natubed, gat,
suffix, V. t. afBx (con.textual) , postfix. CHEERFUL, VIVACIOUS.
suSocate, choke, smother, strangle sullenness, n. ill temper, sulkiness, sulks
ti. t. 1.
(chiefly spec), stifle, asphyxiate (tech.), (pi.; colloq.), suUens (pi.; coUoq.), glum-
spiflicate (slang), scomfish (Scot.); spec. ness, etc.
(frown, overlie (v. t. only), charcoal; see sully, V. t. 1. In a physical sense: see soil,
CHOKE. FOUL.

KSf Cross r^erences: see Note. sue, V. L: prosecute, court. sufficient: adequate, able.
Bucolnct: concise. sue, V. i.: ask. court, appeal. suffuse: diffuse, bathe, fiU, over-
suooot: aid. sufferable: permiasiblet endur- spread.
succulent: juicy. able. suit, v.f.: adapt, an8wer,become.
•uooomb: yield, die, surrender. sufferance: endurance, pa- suitable: agreeable, appro-
such; eimiktr. tience, suffering, permission, priate, becoming, applicable,
suction; auck. sufficiency: adequacy, abUity, worthy, ready,
suctorial: sucking. fortune, conceit. sulky: ill-tempered, sullen.

fS' See Notes of Explanation.

419
 . —

SULLY
2. In an immaierial sense: stain, soil, sun, n. i. sol (mythol. or poetic), Phoebus
Uemisb^ tarnish, stigmatize (rare or liter- (fig. or Greek myth.), daystar (poetic).
ary), blot, blur, spot, cloud, blacken, Titan (fl^. or Greek myth.); spec, mock
darken, defile, foul, smirch, defame, as- sun, parhelion.
perse (rare), denigrate (rare), disluster or 2. See SUNLIGHT, SUNRISE.
dislustre (rare), dusk (rare), attaint. sun, V. t. solarize (rare), insolate (tech.).
Anionyms: see purify. Sunday, n. Lord's Day, Sabbath, First
8. /See CONTAMINATE. Day.
sully, n. stain, stigma, blemish, tarnish, sunlight, n. sunshine, sun (fi^g.), daylight,
blot, blur, spot, cloud, smirch. day (contextual), shine (contextual), hght
sullying, n. staining, soiling, defilement, (contextual).
etc. Antonyms: see shade.
sulphurous, a. sulphury, brimstony (rare), sunny, a. 1. sunshiny; see clear.
hepatic (tech.). Antonyms: see shady, rainy.
sum, n. I. See aggregate, quantity, 2. See cheerful.
HEIGHT, substance. sunrise, n. sun (contextual), sun-up (coU
2. amount, purse. log., U.S.).
summarization, n. abridgment, summa- sunset, n. sundown, nightfall, night, even-
rizing, recapitulation, summing (chiefly song (archaic), set (poetic).
with "up"), resumption. sunstroke, n. coup-de-soleil (French), in-
summarize, v. i. abridge (contextual), sum solation (rare; tech.).
(chiefly with "up"); spec, resume, ab- sunwise, a. clockwise.
stract, recapitulate. superficial, a. I. See surface.
summary, n. abridgment, brief; spec. 2. Referring to mental gualities: shallow,
rfeumS (French), precis (French), ab- meretricious; see cursory.
stract, capitulation, breve, breviate (rare), Antonyms: see deep.
breviary (ohs. or rare), continent (archaic), superfluity, n. 1. See excess.
conclusum (a term of diplomacy) 2. A superfluous thing: neednot (rare),
summer, n. summertime, summertide fifth wheel (fig.).
(literary); spec, midsummer. Antonyms: see necessary.
Ariionyms: see winter. superhuman, a. preterhuman (rare),
summer, v. i. sestivate (tech. or learned; transhuman (rare); spec, seraphic (liier-
chiefly spec.). ary), angelic, divine.
Antonyms: see winter. Antonyms: see human.
summer, a. sestival (tech. or learned). superior, o. 1. See higher, pine, better,
summerhouse, n. Spec, mahal (East In- advantageous.
dian), kiosk. 2. Referring to superiority in general: su-
summon, v. bid (archaic), cite,
t. 1. call, preme, preeminent, paramount, palmary
invoke (rare, exc. spec), summons (col- (rare), topping, supereminent.
loq.), demand (rare), ask: spec, drum, Antonyms: see inferior.
preeonize (rare), motion, bugle, muster, 3. Referring to superiority in rank or of-
kneU, lure, ring, subpcena, avoke, pipe; fice: higher, upper, over, above; see dis-
see CONVOKE, invoke. tinguished.
2. iSeeROUSE, CALL (m2aw). 4. Referring to precedence of rights: prece-
summoning, citatory, invocatory;
a. dent, senior, elder, preferent, prior.
both tech. or learned. superior, n. chief, headj top-sawyer (col-
summons, n. call, bid (archaic or slang), loq.), higher-up (slang); spec, mahaut
invoQation, citation, calling; spec, alarum, (East Indian), suzerain, lord, liege or
larum (archaic), roU-call, subpcBna; see liege lord, domina, major, prior, prioress
CONVOCATION, INVOCATION. guardian.
sumptuary, a. expense. Antonyms: see inferior.
fW Cross references: see Note sunshine: sunlight, cheerful- supererogatory: unnecessary.
sultan; monarch. ness. superficies: surface.
sultry: hot, dose. sunshiny: sunny, cheerful. superfine: fine, subtle.
sum, V. t: add, swmmaTize, sup, V. t. & n.: sip. superfiuou&: unnecessary, ex-
summary, a.; concise. sup, V. i.: sip, eat. cessive.
summation: addition, aggre- superabundant: excessive, superimpose: superpose.
gate. abundant. superincumbent: Imerlying.
summit: top, height. superadd: add. superinduce: cause.
sumptuous: luxurious. superannuate: disqualify, re- superintend: oversee
Bumptuousness: luxury. tire. superintendence: overseeing.
sunder, v.: separate. superb: fine, grand, imposing, supeiintendency: oversight.
sundown: sunset. luxurious. superintendent: overseer.
sundry: various. supercilious: proud, haughty, superlative: highest.
sunken: deep-set. contemptuous. supernal: higher, heavenly.

IS' See Notes ol Explanation.

420
 SUPPRESS
upernatiuaj, preternatural (formal or
a. 2. Referring to what supports physically:
learned), supranatural (rare), transnor- rest, base; spec, bearing, bottom, seat,
mal (rore), marvelous, unearthly, hyper- underpinning, bolster, prop, brandreth
physical, miraculous, metaphysical (rare); (dial.), stay, guy, potent (archaic), but-
spec, superhuman, superorganic. tress, undersetter (rore), pier, pillar,
Antonyms: see natural. pedestal, bed, bedding, back, stud,
supernumerary, n.supe or super (co&g.)/ tread, trestle, leg, stilt, block, dog. tri-
spec, figurant (masc), figurante (fern.). angle, yoke, easel, buoy, float saddle,
superpose, v. t. impose, superimpose. hanger, trammel, truss, straddle, shore,
supersensible, a. metaphysical; spec. stirrup, step, bush, skid, ran (chiefly
spiritual, supernatural. Scot.), cushion, pillow, cant, caryatid, at-
supersensual, a. supersensuous, super- lantis, cantQever, horse, gantry or gauntry,
sensory. footman (dial. Eng.), chaplet; see fotjn-
superstition, n. believingness (caniext- DATION, BBARINa.
ual), belief (contextual); spec, (and con- 3. Referring to the act of supporting a per-
textuaUy) tradition, idea, fear. son^ cause, etc.: strengthening, backing,
superstitious, a. believing (contexluaJ); maintenance, behalf, championship (pri-
spec, (and contextually) fearful. marily spec), sustentation (formal); spec.
supplement, v. t. supplete (rare). reenforcement or reinforcement (rare),
supplementary, a. additional, supple- prop (rare), patronage; see approval,
mental, suppletive, suppletory, parergal AID, defense, advocacy.
(rare); spec, accessory. 4. Referring to the person or thing from
supply, n. 1. See store, stock, tuenish- which one receives support: strength, pil-
INQ, FUND, substitute. lar, prop, stay, mamstay, dependence,
2. Chiefly in pi,: stores, materiel (French), trust, reliance; spec, understudy (cant).
crop, provision, stock; see ammunition. 5. Referring to the act of upkeep: main-
support, V. t. 1. bear, sustain, carry, up- tenance, upkeep, keep.
hold (chiefly literary), hold; spec, corbel 6. Referring to that which is supplied for
(used with "out" or "off"), cradle, pillow, upkeep: upkeep, keep; see living.
truss; see PROP, BRACE, FLOAT. 7. See evidence, conpirmation, endur-
2. Referring to giving aid or favor to a per- ance.
son, cause, etc.: strengthen, uphold, sus- supporter, n. malntainer, upholder, sec-
tain, maintain, second, back (colloq. or onder, stand-by (colloq.), patron (chiefly
cant), champion (primarily spec), re- spec), patroness (Jem.; chiefly spec); spec.
enforce or reinforce (rore), float (fig.), espouser, champion, partizan, defender,
tide (with "over"), sustentate (rare); spec. approver, countenancer; see adherent.
grubstake, prop, bolster, patron (rare), Antonyms: see hanger-on.
favor; see approve, aid, defend, ad supposed, a. 1. See assumed.
VOCATE, JUSTIFY. 2. suppositive (rore), supposititious (for-
3. Referring to provision of the upkeep of a mal or learned), suppositional (rare), sup-
person or thing: maintain, subsist, keep; positionary (rare), believed (rare), puta-
fipec. winter, feed. tive (chiefly tech.), reputed, reputative
4. Referring to making more probable by (rare); spec, conjectural.
evidence, etc.: strengthen, uphold, sus- Antonyms: see actual.
tain; see evidence, CONFIRM, prove. suppress, V. t. 1. subdue, destroy (context-
5. See endure, strengthen, act, con- ual), stop, check, quell, quench, squelch,
tinue. quelch (rare), quash (rare), stifle, stran-
support, n. 1. Referring to the action of gle, repress, allay, extinguish, smother,
physically supporting: sustentation, up- cushion (rare), retund (rare), kill, burke
holding, upbearing, sustenance (rore), (rare), hush, eliminate, silence; see swal-
sustainment (formal or rare), bearing. —
low, hide; mostly flg. uses.
(W Cross references: see Note. sight, supplicant, a.: asking.
Bupernumerary: excessive. supervisor: overseer. supplicant, n,: asker.
superscribe: inscribe. supine: prostrate, negligent. supplicate: ask.
superscription: inscription. supper, V. i.: eat. supplication: asking.
supersede: replace. supplant; replace, displace, supplicatory: askirg.
superstitious: fearful, heliev- supple, a,: flexible, complai- supply, V. t,: furnish.
ing. timid. sant, obsequious, supportable: endurable, de-
superstructure: structure, supple, V, t,; limber. fensible.
building. supplement; addition, coun- suppose: assume, imagine, be-
supervene: occur. terpart, lieve, imply,
supervenient: accesswy. suppletory; accessory. suppositional: conjectural.
supervention: occurrence. suppUance; asking. supposititious: supposed, con-
supervise: oversee. suppliant, a.: ashing. jecturol, false,
supervision; overseeing, over- suppliant, n,: aeker. suppository: assumptive.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

28 421
 SUPPURATE
Antonyms: see advance. sway, sweep, swing, rush.
2.
S. See ABOLISH, REPBESS, MtTBDEB. n. doctor (contextual), chirurgeon
surseon,
suppurate, v. i. maturate (tech. or learned), (archaic), sawbones (slang); spec, ortho-
mature (rare), ripen {rare or dial.), fester, pedist, laparotomist, etc.
putrefy (rare), gather. surgery, n. Spec orthopedy or orthopaedy,
suppuration, n. maturation, fester, pyo- orthopraxy, autoplasty, laparotomy, etc.
sis (rare), diapyesis (rare), impostuma- surly, a. ill-tempered (contextual), ungra-
tion (rare or obs,), purulence or jjurulency. cious, churlish (literary or bookish), cyn-
suppurative, a. 1. festery, running, puru- ical or cynic (rare), grumpy (colloq.),
lent. grum (rare), doggish (rare), dogged (rare),
8. See PTTBULENT. snarhng, rusty (rare).
supremacy, n. 1. supremity (rare), su- Antonyms: see smooth-spoken, affa-
premeness, sovereignty, sovranty (poetic), ble, AGREEABLE, GRACIOUS.
principality (rare), principate (rare), surmount, v. t. 1. overmount (rare), rise
paramountcy, primacy see headship. ; (chiefly U. S.), overpass (rare), overget
2. authority, sovereignty, paramountcy, (rare), overclimb (primarily spec).
primacy, scepter. 2. <See top, overcome.
supreme, a. 1. highest, sovereign, sovran surpass, v. t. exceed, excel, beat, cap
(poetic), pararnount, hegemonic (rare); (fig.), top, ding (archaic or dial.), tran-
spec, imperial. scend, overtop, outmatch, distance, better,
2. See EXTREME. outvie, outrival, outclass (sporting), pass
surety, n. 1. See confidence, becubitt. (archaic^, lick (slang), outpeer (rare),
2. sponsor (formal), guarantee, guarantor, overpeer (rare), best (colloq.), overpass
security; spec, gage, warrantor, insurer (rare), outpass (rare), outbid (rare), out-
(rare), voucher, fidejussor (rare or spec.), brace (rare), overcome (archaic), preter-
pledge (historical), mainpernor (histori- gress (rare), outdo, outnumber.
cal), bond, bail. surprise, v. t. 1. See attack, startle.
surf, n. breach (rare), breakers (pi.). 2. astonish, astound, stound (obs. or ar-
surface, n. 1. exterior, face, superficies chaic), astony (archaic), steen.
(tech. or learned), periphery (tech.), rind surprise, n. 1. See attack.
(rare or spec); spec, top, outside, inside, 2. surprisal, surprisement (rare), aston-
brim (archaic), bosom, flesh, flat, concav- ishment, astoundment (rare), amaze-
ity, convexity; see side, einish. ment, mazement (rare), wonder, marvel
Antonyms: see interior. (archaic).
S. iSee appearance. surprised, a. 1. startled.
surface, a. exterior, superficial (formal), 2. astonished, thunderstruck, thunder-
superficiary (rare), peripheral (tech.); striclcen (rare), wonderstricken (rare).
spec, peripheric (rare), epigene, epipoUc. surprising, a. astonishing, astounding,
Antonyms: see interior, deep. mazing (rare), marvelous, strange (con-
surfeit, n. 1. feeding, satiety, glut, gorge, textual), miraculous, tremendous, mirific
cloy, engorgement (rare), crapulation (rare and jocular) ; spec startUng.
(rare), gorging, cramming, etc. surrender, v. t. I. yield, render, deliver,
2. fullness, satiety, cloy, crapulence; see betray, sacrifice.
NAUSEA. 2. See RELINQUISH, abandon, subject,
Antonyms: see appetite, hunger. dedicate.
surfeit, v. t. surrender, v. i. yield, capitulate (chiefly
feed, overfeed, sate (chiefly
literary), satiate (formal), cram (colloq. or mil.), flinch (now obsolescent), fall (chiefly
spec), stuff, overcram (intensive), cloy mil.), succumb.
(literary; often used fig.), overcloy (intent surrender, n. 1. yielding, rendition, de-
sive), gorge, engorge (rare), overgorge (in^ hvery, capitulation (chiefly mil.), fall
tensive), glut, englut (archaic), crapulate (chiefly mil.), dedition (rare).
(rare). 2. Spec, relinquishment, subjection, aban-
surfeit, v. i. overeat, cram, gorge. donment, dedication.
Antonyms: see hunger, thirst. surround, v. t. encircle (primarily spec),
surfeited, a. satiated, crapulent (literary), circle (now chiefly poetic), inclose, enclose,
stuffed. encompass, compass, girdle, beset, invest,
Antonyms: see hungry, unsatisfied. hem (chiefly used with "in" or "round");
surge, V. i. 1. See billow. spec, sphere, ensphere, skirt, hedge, chp
^^ Cross references: see Note. surfeiter: glutton. surplus, n.: excess, remainder.
surcingle: girth. surging, a.: billowy. auTplvis,a. : excessive,remaining.
sure: confident, un^
reliable, surmise, n.: guess, suspicion. surplusage: excess, remainder.
queationahle, unquestioning, unr surmise, v. t.: guess, suspect. surreptitious: hidden, stealthy,
erring, certain. surpassing: fine. secret.

t^'See Notes ot Explanation.

422
 SWAT
{rare or spec.), cincture {rare), enoincture 2. See questionable.
(rare), en wreathe or inwreathe {often fig.), sutlery, n. canteen.
embay, eniing {rare), girth {rare), gird, swagger, v. i. 1. strut, roll, swash, swell,
begird {intensioe), begut {intensiBe), be- renown {rare), flourish, brandish, ruffle
leaguer, round {rare), invest, circumvent {archaic); spec, prance.
{rare or learned), brace {rare), collar, Antonyms: see cringe.
twine, ring, rim, orb {eleoaied), loop, neck- 2. See bluster.
lace^ inorb {rare), inarch {rare), enwind or swagger, re. 1. strut, roll, flourish, bran-
inwmd, cordon, circumsept {rare); see dish, ruffle {archaic), swashing, swash.
INCLOSE, INVEST. Antonyms: see cringe.
surrounded, a. inclosed: spec, cinct 2. See BLUSTER.
{rare), girt, circumcinct (rare), bestead swallow, n. progne {poetic).
{lUerary). swallow, V. 1. 1. gulp, ingurgitate {literary),
surrounding, a. inclosing, encompassing; englut {archaic), take {contextual), con-
spec, ambient, circumjacent, circumam- sume {contextual), slabber {chiefly dial.),
bient. deglute {rare), bolt {coUoq.), paunch
surrounding, n. 1. surroundal {rare), in- {rare), gobble {coUoq. or humorous as used
closure, enclosure, encompassment, etc. of human beings), swill {corUemptuous) re-
2. In environs, environment (a col-
pi.: gorge {rare); spec, pouch.
lective),entourage {French), externaUty Antonyms: see vomit.
{rare), miheu {French), neighborhood. 2. engulf or ingulf, involve, devour, gulf
survey, v. t. 1. examine, view: spec, sweep, {rare).
reconnoiter, scout, pickeer (archaic), per- Antonyms: see emit, erupt.
ambulate. 8.See ENDURE.
2. See BEE, EXAMINE. swallow, n. 1. deglutition {tech.), ingurn-
survey, n. examination, view; spec. tation {rare), gulp, bolt {colloq), gobme
sweep, reconnoissance, reconnaissance, {colloq. or humorous of human beings),
reconnoiter, scout, panorama {rare), con- glutition {rare).
spectus, perambulation. 2. Referring to what is swallowed: gulp.
survive, v. t. 1. outlive, overUve {rare). 3. engulfment or ingulfment, involution,
2. outlast, outUve (fig.), outwear, out- devoiurment.
grow; spec, outride. swallowing, a. deglutitious, deglutitory,
susceptible, a. receptive, susceptive {rare), deglutitive {rare);—all tech.
capable, open, passionate {literary). swan, re. cygnet {rare, exc. literary); spec.
'^Antonyms: see insensible, apathetic. pen (female), cob {male).
suspect, V. t. 1. surmise, imagine, think, swanlike, a. swanny, cygneous {rare),
mistrust, smell {fig.), suspicion {dial.), cycnean or cygnean {rare).
doubt {archaic), misdoubt {archaic), ja- swarm, re. 1. crowd, brood; spec, {refer-
louse {Scot.), sniff; see guess. ring to bees) colony, hive, cast.
2. See distrust. 2. See CROWD.
suspend, v. t. 1. See hang, intermit, ad- swarm,
v. i. t. See crowd, flock.
journ, DEFER. abound, teem, swim, formicate.
2.
2. dismiss; spec, rusticate. swarming, a. abounding, teeming^ swim-
suspenders, n. pi. braces, gallows, gal- ming {fig.); spec, crawlmg, full, smve.
lowses {Scot., dial., or U. S.); all pi. — swastika, b. gammadion, fylfot, triskele,
suspicion, n. 1. surmise, imagination cross cramponee.
(rare), mistrust, smell {fig.; colloq.), ink- swathe, v. t. bind, enswathe, swaddle,
ling, jealousness or jealousy {now dial., bandage {chiefly spec.), cocoon {fig.); spec.
exc. spec), misdoubt {archaic); see guess. clothe.
2. See DISTRUST, trace. sway, V. t. 1. swing; spec, roll, rock, wag,
suspicious, a. 1. doubtful, distrustful; waggle; see swing, wave.
spec, thunderstruck. 2. See turn, influence, control.
Antonyms: see unsuspicious. sway, V. i. swing; spec, roll, rock, reel,

l^° Cross references: see Note. sustentation: support. swardy: grassy.

suspensive: hesitating. suture: seam. swarm, v. t.: crowd, cUmh.
suspensory: hanging. suzerain: lord. swart: dark.
suGpioious : distrustful. swaddle, v. t.: swathe. swarthy: dark.
sustain: support, act, approve, swamp, n.: marsh. swartness: dark. \boast.
aid, defend, maintain, prove, suf- swamp, V. t.: sink, overwhelm. swash, V. i.: splash, swagger,
fer, continue, confirm, endure. swamp, V. i.: fail, sink. swash, V. t: splash.
sustainable: endurable. swamped; afloat. swash, n.: splash, swagger,
sustained: continued, constant. swampy: marshy. channel, bar..
sustenance: support, aid, con- swap: barter. swashbuckler: boaster.
tinuation, endurance, suffering. sward: sod. Bwath: rmj).
@° See Notes of Explanation.
423
 .

wag, waggle, wabble, wobble, waddle; see swell, V. i. 1. See enlarge, increase, rise,
SWING, SURGE, WAVE.
swear, v. i. 1. aflarm, depone {fech.).
2. curse, oath {rare), cuss (vulgar or eu-
phemistic; U. S.), objure (rare).
swear, v. t. I. affirm, depone (fech.), de-
pose; spec. vow.
8. bind (contextual), objure (rare),
3. See PROMISE.
SWEAR
PROTUBERATE, billow, bluster, SWAG-
GER.
2. expand, bulk, volume (rare), distend,
turgesce (rare), puff (spec, or fig.), plim
(rare or dial.), tumefy (rare); spec, bloat,
intumesce, heave.
Antonyms: see wither, shrink.
3. Referring to swelling with pride: pea-

sweaty, a. sudorous (rare). cock (rare).

sweep, V. 1. 1. besom (rare; literary), brush. Antonyms: see contract.
2. See TOtrcH, move, flotjrish. swell, V. t. Spec, see increase, distend,

3. Referring to guns or gunfire, etc.: scour, inflate.

rake, enfilade (tech.). swell, n. 1. See increase, protuberance,
4. iSee SEARCH, PLAT, CLEAR, SURVEY. hill, billow.
sweep, n. 1. brush (colloq.); spec, whisk; 2. Corinthian (rare or humorous) "Swell" .

brush-up. is colloq.
2. See MOVEMENT, FLOURISH, SURGE, swelling, o. 1. See protuberant.
DRIVE, RANGE,COMPASS, AMPLITUDE, 2. tumescent, in tumescent (rare), tur-
LEVEE, CURVE, OAR. gent (rare), turgescent (rare), bulging;
sweet, a. 1. mellifluoxis (rare), dulcet (ar- spec, swollen, puffy, bloated, baggy,
chaic), honey (rare, exc. spec), honeyed or tumefacient (rare), bunting (dial.), bouf-
honied (rare, exc. spec); spec, candied; fant or bouffante (French), surging, sur-
see SUGARY. gent (rare).
Antonyms: see sour. swelling, n. 1. See INCREASE, INFLATION,
2. Of the voice, etc.: pleasant, soft, mellif- PROTUBERANCE
luous (literary), honeyed or honied (fig.), 2. tumefaction (rare or tech.), intumes-
•sugared (fig.), Hyblaean (fig.; poetic), cence (rare or tech.), turgescence (rare or
Hyblan (rare); see pleasant, kindly, tech.), ebullience (rare).
MELODIOUS. 3. In medicine: spec, gathering, bump,
3. Referring to food, fruits, etc: sound, clour (Scot, and north Eng. dial.), wen,
wholesome; see fresh. tumor, goiter, boil, carbuncle, capelet.
Antonyms: see decomposed, tainted. swim, V. i. 1. Spec paddle, overhand.
4. See FRAGRANT, FAIR, FRESH. 2. dizzy (rare).
Antonyms: see harsh, shrill. swine, n. grunter (coUoq. or humorous),
sweetbread, n. burr (rare); spec, pan- porcine (rare), baconer (rare), grice (ar-
creas, thymus. chaic or Scot.); spec, hog, pig, piggy (dim.
sweeten, v. t. 1. dulcify (literary or rare), or humorous), gruntling, brawn (dial.),
sugar, saccharize (tech.), honey (rare or pigling, hogling, hoggery (o collective),
spec), disembitter (rare), disacidify (rare); sow, boar, farrow (now dial.), gait or
spec, candy, sirup. gilt (now dial.), shoot or shot or shote
Antonyms: see bitter, sour. (Eng. dial, and U. S-.), hogget, razorback.
2. See SOFTEN. swineherdship, n. sybotism (rare).
sweetheart, n. lover (always masc. exc in swing, V. i. 1. Referring to a movement of
pi.), love (chiefly feminine), flame (now a body, as a pendulum, a horse's tail, a
jocular); spec, valentine; see lover, play swing, etc, about or as if about a
LADYLOVE. center at one end of it or beyond it: sway,
sweetmeat, n. titbit, dainty, confection, switch, swish, pendulate (rare), sweep;
confectionery (a collectioe), confection- spec, dangle, dingle-dangle, flap, flop,
ary (rare), goody (chiefly in pi.), sucket gybe.
(ohs. or dim.), comfit, confect, confiture 2. See REVOLVE, rotate, move.
(French), candy, tuck (slang), sweeties 3. Referring to a regular back-and-forth, or
(pZ.), bonbon; spec, conserve, sugar plum, reciprocating, motion, between regular or
ice, compote, caramel, preserve. fixed limits: fluctuate, vibrate, oscillate,
sweetness, n. 1. dulcitude (rare); spec wave, pendulate (rare), undulate.
honeyedness, sugariness, honey. swing, V. t. 1. sway, switch, swish, sweep;
2. See MELODY. spec, dangle; see flourish.

^W Cross references: see Note. sweeten, i..* soften.

fl. swill, V. t.: drink, swallow.
sweat, n.: exudation, perspiration. sweet-sounding; melodious. swim, dizziness.
71.;
sweat, V. i,: perspire. swelter: perspire, glow. swimming: floating.
sweat, V, t: exude, perspire, sweltry: hot, close. swindle: cheat.
fleece, work. swerve: deviate, turn. swindler: cheat.
sweep, V. i.: rush, stalk, surge. swift: rapid, ready, brief. swindlery: cheating.

IS" See Notes o{ Explanation.

424
 —

STSTEM
3. See MANAGE, HANQ. syllogism, n. Spec, elench or elenchus,
S. wave, vibrate, oscillate, fluctuate, un- enthymeme, epicheirema, trilem-
sorites,
dulate (rare). ma, prosyllogism.
wing, n. 1. sway, sweep, swish, switch;
symbol, n. representation, sign, signifi-
see FLOURISH. cative (rare), emblem, figure, type, token,
2. See MOVEMENT, GAIT, RHYTHM, FREE- shadow (fig.), ensign (learned), presenta-
DOM. tion (rare), sacrament (rare); spec, palm,
S. flactuation, vibration, oscillation, wave, pictograph, totem, badge, character, let-
undulation, pendulation (rare), ter, exponent, word, image, picture.
4. Spec, trapeze. symbolic, a. representative, significative,
swinish, n. 1. hoggish, piggish, porcine typical,emblematic, emblematical; spec.
(rare), suilline (rare); spec. Doarisn. sacramental (rare), figurative, mystical or
2. See COARSE, cruel. mystic (o term of rdigion), ideographic
switch, n. 1. rod, twig, stick, wattle, ofr ideographical, hieroglyphic or hiero-
withe, wand; spec, birch, hickory, rattan glyphical.
or ratan; see whip. symbolize, V. t. represent, present (rare),
2. stroke, slash, scutch (dial.), cut. signify, mean, typify, figure, emblemize,
5. shunt (chiefly British); spec, by-pass emblem
emblematize (rare), shad-
(rarej,
(elec). ow
symbolify (rare), siimlize (rare);
(fig.),
4. See swing. see SIGNIFY, EXPRESS.
switch, V. t. 1. strike, whip, cut, scutch symmetrical, a. 1. synimetral (rare), reg-
(c/iie^j/dioJ.), slash; spec, birch. ular, even; spec, radiate.
2. shunt (chiefly British), turn (context- 2. See PROPORTIONATE.
ual); spec, sidetrack. symmetry, n. regularity, evenness; spec.
8. See SWING. radiation, radiism (rare), peloria.
swollen, a. 1. big (contextual) ,BWoln (chiefly sympathize, v. i. 1. condole.
predieative), tumid (learned or tech.), tur- 2. See HARMONIZE.
gid (learned or tech.); spec, puffy, bloat, sympathizer, n. compassionator (rare),
bloated, gouty (fi^.), blown (jig. or spec), condoler, sympathist (rare).
gummy, baggy, plethoric, varicose, proud, sympathy, n. communion, compassion.
blowzy, blobber. symptom, n. indication, sign, prognostic
Antonyms: see withered. (rare).
2. See PROTUBERANT, SWELLING, IN- synonym, n. equivalent (contextual), du-
PLATED, ELATED, BOMBASTIC. plicate (rore), polyonym (rare), poecilonym
swoop, V. i. 1. descend (contextual), stoop (rare).
(rore), pounce, souse; spec, fly (contextual) An "antonym" of any word is a word of
2. See RUSH. opposite meaning; a "homonym" of any
swoop, n. 1. descent, stoop, pounce, souse. word is word having the same sound but
2. See RUSH. a different meaning; a "heteronym" of any
swoid, n. brand (archaic or poetic), glaive word is a word having the same spelling
(archaic or poetic), falchion (poetic, exc. but a different sound and a different mean-
spec), slasher (colloq^.); spec rapier, c\i%- ing. Thus, intelligent is an antonym of
lass, scimitar or scimiter, saber, sabre, stupid; it is also an antonym of dull as
foil, estoc (French), hanger, broadsword, said of a boy, bvi not of dull as said
backsword, point, verdun, damascus, of a knife; pair, pear, and pare are
wafter, bilbo, Balmung, Colada. Cali- homonyms; and the noun sow, a female
burn, Excalibur, Toledo, diego (ohs. or pig, is a heteronym of the verb sow, to
hist.), Durendal. scatter seed.
sword-shaped, a. ensate, gladiate, ensi- system, n. 1. See organism, organiza-
form; aU three tech. or learned. tion, UNIVERSE.
swordsman, n. spadassin (rare); spec. 2. regimen, regime, scheme; spec, dis-
fencer. pensation, economy (used chiefly in theol-
syllabity,.v. t. syllabicate, syllabize (rare), ogy); see PLAN, METHOD, ORDER.
syllable (rare). Antonyms: see confusion.
^^ Cross refirences: see Note. syllogize, V. t: infer. syncopate; contract.
syncopation: contraction.
swinge: whip, lash. sylph: demon.
swlrl: whirl, eddy. sylphine: graceful. syncope: contraction.
swish: rustle, splash. sylvan: variant of silvan. syndicate, n.: combination.
swivel, V. t: turn. sylviculture: forestry. syndicate, v. t.: combine.
swoon; faint. sympathetic: compassionate, synod; council, assembly.
sycophant; fawner. harmonious. synopsis; abstract.
sycophantic; obsequious. symphony: hamtony. syntheslsi composition.
syllabus: abstract. symposium: ^east. synthetical: compositive.
syllogize, V. i.: reason. synchronous: contemporaneous. syringe, v. t.: inject.

iW See Notes of Explanation.

425
 —

SYSTEMATIC
systematize, v. t. 1. See OKGAmzE, ab- 2. appendage {humorous), tailpiece {hvr
EANGE. morous), narrative {humorous); spec, flag,
8. systemize, regularize, regiment {rare or fud, flap or flapper, trundletail, brush,
tech.). fantail, dock, scut, bunt {Eng.), single,
pole, wreath.
3. end {contextual); spec, train, Uripipe
{hist.); see tag, end, cue, retinue.
4. See REVERSE.
table, n. 1. slab, tablet {dim.); spec. tailor, re. tailoress {fern.), sartor {humor-

board; see tablet. ously pedantic), needleman {rare), snipper

2. board {contextual), tabling (a collec- {contemptuous), whipcat {colloq.), prick-
tive); spec, stand, teapoy {Anglo-Indian), louse {derisive; dial.).
tabaret, mahogany, credence^ desk, men- tailor, a. sartorial, sartorian {rare); both —
sa {eccl.), Pembroke, dresser {now rare), learned or literary.
tripod, toilet, sideboard. tail- shaped, a. caudiform, caudate;
3. statement {contextual), tabulation, both tech. or learned.
chart, scheme, schema {rare); spec. taint, u. t. 1. jSee contaminate.
ephemeris, tariff, schedule. 2. In a physical sense, and implying some
4. See PANEL, PAKE, FACET. deleterious change; affect {contextual), in-
tableclotli, n. cover, cloth {colloq.), tapis fect, touch, corrupt {rare), spoil; spec.
{only in "on the tapis"). mildew, cork, flyblow.
tablet, n. 1. See table. taint, re. 1. <See contamination, impee-
2. table {contextual), tablature {rare), pection.
tabula {anliq.), slab {rare, exc. spec); 3. touch, infection; spec. haut-goAt
spec, slate, palette or pallet, board {con- {French).
textual), brass, cartel, cartouche, plaque, tainted, a. touched, infected, strong,
plaquette, medaUion, diptych, pax, di- spoiled or spoilt; spec, corked, flyblown,
glyph, parapegm, tessera, pad. decayed.
3. tabula or tabeUa {chiefly med.); spec. Antonyms: see sweet.
cake, lozenge, wafer. take, V. t. 1. grasp, seize; spec, pocket,
tabular, a. tabulary, tabulate, tabuliform; reave {archaic), whip {"out," as a knife),
— all tech. or formal. sack {slang); see seize, receive, steal.
tabulate, v. i. schematize, chart. Antonyms: see bestow.
tack, V. t. 1. See attach, add. 2. jSee APPROPRIATE, withdraw, accept,
2. beat, ply, stay, claw, board {rare), need, ADOPT, GET, ASSUME, QUOTE, RE-
busk {obs. or archaic), lave {obs., exc. lit- MOVE, CHOOSE, ATTRACT, AFFECT, ACT,
erary); spec, boxhaul, clubhaul, gybe. PLEASE, STRIKE, MAKE, JUMP, MOVE,
tack, n. 1. See nail, course. CATCH, CAPTURE, BTTY, EXACT, DERIVE,
2. trip {contexluatj beat, board, leg,
, CONSUME, COPT, CONSIDER, CONTRACT, IN-
reach; spec. gybe. HERIT, BREATHE, OCCUPY, USE.
tackle, n. 1. purchase; spec, fish, cat, gar- take, V. i. t. See GO, stick, work.
net, whip, jigger, jeer, fall, burton, hal- 2. Gottoii{Eng. or colloq.).
liard or halyard. taking, re. 1. take {rare), grasp, seizure,
2. See CORDAGE, EQUIPMENT. caption {rare); see seizure, reception.
tact, n. skill, address, diplomacy, savoir 2. See acceptance, derivation, as-
faire {French). sumption, capture, appropriation.
tactful, a. skillful, diplomatic; spec, adept. talk, re. 1. Referring to the act simply or to
Antonyms: see awkward. what is said: see speech.
tactual, a. tactile, tactic {rare). 2. In the generic sense: discourse (/orreiaZ),
tag, n. 1. tab, tail, taglet {dim.); see label, palaver, parley {literary or rare), gas
PENDANT. {slang), vapor {slang), buzz {colloq. or
2. See ADDITION, REFRAIN. slang), haver {Scot.), jaw {slang or colloq.;
tail, re. 1. rear, back. contemptuous and usually inelegant), gab
Antonyms: see head. {inelegant and contemptuous), chin {slang
t^' Cross references: see Note. tableau: scene, picture. tactless: awkward.
systematic: methodicaltorderly. tableland: plateau. tag, V. £.; attach, add, follow,
systemize: organize, arrange, taboo, a.: inviolable, forbidden. tail, V. i.: straggle.
methodize, systematize. taboo, 71.; forbiddance. taint, V. i.: decompose.
taboo, V. t.: forbid. taking: attractive, catching.
taoit: implied, silent. talebearer: gossip.
tab: flap, tag. taciturn: reticent. talent: ability, intellectual.
tabernacle: dwelling, temple, tackle, V. t.: grapple, attack. talented: able.
church. tactics: strategy. talisman: charm.
table, V. t: play, defer. tactile: tactual, tangible. talismanic: magical.

tS^ See Notes of Explanation.

426

and contemptuous), talkation {dyslogistic;
a nonce word), tongue {contemptuous);
spec, loquacity, slackjaw {vulgar slang),
cnatter, gossip; see conversation, ad-
dress, BABBLE.
Antonyms: see silence.
8. S:e REPORT, conference.
4. proverb, byVord, fable {rare), fame
{rare).
talk, V. i. 1. See speak.
2. palaver, jaw {slang and often contempt-
uous), parleyvoo {humorous or slang), gab
{inelegant and contemptvaus), chin {slang
and contemptuous), noise {contextual),
eammon {slang or colloq.), chirp, patter
{slang); spec, splutter, smatter, honey
(archaic or U. S.), snarl, mince, babble,
chatter; see converse, gossip.
3. See CONSULT, communicate.
talkative, a. loquacious {literary or learn-
ed), garrulous, voluble, babbly, tonguey
{coUoq. or vulgar), lubrical {rare), windy
{colloq.), mouthy {slang and coarse), gag-
gling {contemptuous), gabby {vulgar or
Scot.), irreticent (rare), multiloquent
(rare), narrative (rare), conversable (a
dignified term); spec, glib (colloq.), con-
versational, leaky.
Antonyms: see reticent.
talkativeness, n. loquacity, garrulity,
volubility, polylogy {rare), etc.
Antonyms: see reticence.
talker, n. 1. See speaker.
a. palaverer, palaverist (rare),
loq?), gabber (undignified and contemptui-
ous), blatherskite or bletherskite (dial, or
colloq.; U. S.), blatterer {colloq.), chatter-
box, windbag (colloq. or slang); spec, bab-
bler, chatterer; see conversationalist.
tambourine, n. drum {contextual); spec.
timbrel, tympanum.
tame, o. 1. domesticated or domestic,
broken, mansuete (archaic),
(rare).
Antonyms: see wild.
2. submissive, commonplace, dull.
«See
tame, v. t. 1. domesticate, domesticize
(rare), break, bust {horse-training cant;
western U. S.), reclaim {rare or literary),
man, gentle, meeken (rare), 5. See fondness,
entame
2. See SUBDUE. JUDGMENT, STYLE.
tangible, a. 1. sensible, material, palpa- taste, a. gustative, gustatory, degustatory
ble, touchable, tactile.
t^^ Cross references: see Note.
TASTE
Antonyms: see intangible.
2. See actual, perceptible.
tangle, n. 1. See entanglement, confu-
sion.
2. tanglement, snarl, snare; spec, knot,
maze, ravel, twist.
tank, n. 1. See pond.
2. Spec, cistern, boiler.
tap, 71. stroke {contextu<d) , touch (cotj-
tevtual), spat (colloq.), pat, tip; spec.
peck, sick, dab, patter, chuck; see click.
tap, V. t. & i. strike (contextual), touch
(contextual), pat, tip; spec, tick, peck,
dab, spat (colloq.), bob, dib, chuck, bepat,
virginal (v. i. only; nonce use), percuss;
see CLICK.
tape, n. Spec, inkle, ferret.
tapering, a. taper, spiry, fastigiate (tech.),
conical; spec, pyramidal.
tapestry, n. drapery (contextual), arras;
spec, verdure.
tapster, n. skink (rare), skinker (archaic),
spec, bartender, barmaid.
tarry, v. i. 1. abide, bide {chiefly archaic),
sojourn, stop (colloq.), harbor (archaic),
re.st, stay, lodge; spec, camp; see dwell,
stop.
Antonyms: see depart.
2. See DELAY.
task, n. 1. labor, work, stint, business,
chore (chiefly spec), job, lay (slang); spec.
duty, lesson, exercise, assignment, pensum
(rare; a school term), imposition.
mag (col- 2. See strain.
taskmaster, n. tasker (rare), exactor
{rare), taskmistress (fern.); spec, overseer,
tastable, a. gustable.
taste, n. 1. Referring to the act: gustation,
gust (rare), degustation {rare).
2. Referring to the sense or faculty: palate,
tooth (fig.), gusto, gust (archaic), goAt
(French).
familiar 3. Referring to the quality of what is tasted:
sapor (chiefly tech.), savor, smack, smatch
(rare), gust (rare), goftt (French); spec.
tang, reush, flavor, piquancy, subflavor.
4. Referring to a little that is eaten: smack,
smitch, soup5on (French), taster; spec.
sip.
(rare). experience, trace,
I (rare); — all learned.
 .

TASTE
taste, V. t. 1. savor, smack, degust or de- teach, V. 1. 1. See inform.
gustate (rare), palate {rare); spec. sip. 2. instruct, educate, inform {rare), lesson
8. See PEEL, EXPERIENCE. {literary), learn {obs. or vulgar); spec.
taste, V. i. savor, relish, smack, smatch school, show, indoctrinate or {archaic)
{archaic) doctrinate, catechize, ground, regent
tasteless, a. 1. insipid, flat, savorless, vap- {rare), tutor, dry-nurse {colloq. or cant),
id, mawkish, unsavory, dead, stale; spec. lecture, cram {colloq.), coach, college.
silent, watery, waterish. 3. Referring to an inculcation of knowledge
Antonyms: see palatabub. in: inculcate, preach, indoctrinate (rare);
2. See CRUDE. spec, profess.
tattle, V. i. 1. See gossip. teachable, a. 1. instructible {rare), docile,
2.inform, tell, blab {coarse or contemptu- docible {rare), educable {rare), disciplin-
ous), babble, snitch {slang), peach {slang), able, tractable.
round, buzz {rare). Antonyms: see unteachable.
tattle, V. t. tell, divulge {contextual), blab 2. See communicable.
{coarse or contemptuous), blat {coarse or teacher, n. I. See informer.
contemptuous), babble, buzz {rare), be- 2. instructor {masc. or fern.), instructress
tray. {fern.); spec,schoolmaster, schoolmistress,
tattle, n. 1. See gossip. preceptor, preceptress, pedagogue {now
2. babble, tittle-tattle. ustially hostile or depredatory), educator,
tattler, n. 1. See gossip. dominie {largely local), doctor {archaic),
2. informer, telltale, talebearer, blab {in- master, mistress, governess, inculcator,
elegant or coarse), clatterer (rare), blab- professor, dame {obsolescent), tutor, tu-
ber, cackler {contemptuous), whisperer, toress, coacher, crammer {colloq.), mysta^
piokthank {archaic), tittle-tattle {rare), gogue, usher, drillmaster, guru {India),
snitcher {slang). principal, psedotribe, khoja, lecturer,
taunt, V. t. reproach, twit, upbraid, mock, catechist, sophist, sophister, Sopherim
flout, jeer. {pi.), rhetor, docent, oracle.
taunt, n. reproach, twit, scorn {archaic), Antonyms: see student.
cut. teaching, n. 1. See information.
tax, n. 1. charge, assessment, due, taxa- 2. instruction ; spec, tutelage, tuition, in-
tion {rare), rate, toll, levy, mail (obs. or culcation, grounding, discipline, educa-
Scot.), gild {hist.), duty, impost {obs., exc. tion, edification, catechesis, catechizing,
as equiv. to "duty"), gabelle {obs., exc. tutory {rare), indoctrination, lesson, lec-
spec!), cess {archaic or local, exc. as equiv. ture, etc.
to "rate" in Eng.); spec, capitation, 3. The art or science: pedagogy {tech.)',
camatch {Arabian), carucage {feudal), pedagogics {tech.), didactics or didascalics
chancer, choky {Anglo-Indian), contribu- (rare and tech.), didacticism {rare), pro-
tion, danegeld, decimation {rare or hist.), treptic {rare); spec, mystagogy.
fifteenth, mmage, geld, groundage, hidage 4. That which is taught: doctrine, lore.
(hist.), jeziah, kharaj, lastage, lockage, pou, team, n. 1. rig; spec, span, hne, tandem,
poundage, quarterage, quint, quinziSme swing.
(hist.), rate {chiefly in pi.), saladine, 2. Spec nine, eleven, fifteen, four, etc.
sayer {India), scavage, scot, seignorage, tear (pron. tSr), n. 1. See drop.
surtax, supertax, tallage, tithe, tribute, 2. drop, pearl {poetic), brine {a collective),
tonnage, tunnage; see dutt. dew {poetic; a collective).
Antonyms: see subsidy. tear {pron. tair), v. t. 1. rend.
2. See STRAIN. 2. pull, draw, rip, rend; spec. wTench,
tax, V. t. 1. assess, rate {chiefly spec), cess claw, shred.
spec); spec tariil, ex-
{obs. or local, exc. 3. See distress.
tonnage, tithe.
cise, surtajc, tear {pron. tair), n. 1. tearing, rending, pull,
2. See ACCUSE, burden, strain. rip; spec, wrench, laceration, dilaceration
taxable, a. assessable, ratable {chiefly {rare).
spec); spec customable, dutiable, tithable. 2. rent, rip.
taxation, n. assessment, imposition; spec. 3. See RUSH.
decimation (rore, exc. hist.), capitation, tear bottle, lachrymatory.
poUage {rare), tollage. tearful, a. watery {contextual), teary {coU
K^^ Cross references: see Note. tattoo, n.; druTribeat. taverner: innkeeper.
tasteful: palatable, cesthetic. tattoo, V. t.: mark. taw: alley.
tasty: palatable, cesthetic. ' taut: tight. tawdry: gaudy.
tatter, n.: rag. tautological: repetitive. tawny: fulvous, red, dark.
tatter, v. t: fray. tautology: repetition. teamster: driver.
tatterdemalion: ragamuffin. tavern: saloon, inn. teary: tearful.

|t^°See Notes of Explanation.

428
 —

TENSITY
loq.), mournful {contextual), lachrymose 2. See CHURCH.
or utchrymous (both learned or tech.), liq- temporal, a. I. Of or relaiing to time:
uid, maudlin {archaic), wet {contextual, chronal {rare), temporaneous (rare); see
moist {poetic; contextual), larmoyant chronological, worldly.
{rare); spec, swimming. 2. See TEMPORARY.
Antonyms: see tearless. temporary, a. temporal (rare), momen-
tearless, a. dry {contextual). tary, short-lived, momently (rare), flash-
Antonyms: see tearful. ing; spec, interimistic; see provisional.
tear-shaped, lachrymiform {tech.).
a. Antonyms: see eternal, lasting, per-
tease, V. t. 1. See disentangle. manent.
2. annoy, trouble, harass, bother, pester, temporize, v. i. 1. Referring to indul-
torment, plague, vex; spec, lark, badger, gence in opportunism: diplomatize; spe^:.
bullyrag, haze {U. S.), tantalize. trim.
technique, n. 1. See execution, skill. 2. See HEDGE.
2. ten, n. 1. Referring to the number: decad.
technic, technics {pi. or collective sing.),
technology. 2. Referring to a set, group, etc.: decade,
teeth, n. pi. Referring to artificial teeth: set dicker (cant), decad (rare).
{contextual), denture {cant). tenacious, a. 1. Ann, strong, holding,
telegram, n. message {contextual), tele- holdfast (rare), fast, unyielding.
graph (063. or rare); spec, cablegram, 2. see sticky, constant, persistent,
marconigram, radiogram, heliogram, wire retentive.
{colloq.), cable {colloq.). tenant, n. holder, tenantry (collective pi.),
telegraph, n. Spec, wire {colloq.), cable tenementer (rare); spec, leaseholder, ,

{colloq.), heliograph, heliotrope, marconi- renter, vassal (feudalism), termor; see

fraph, wireless (colloq.), ramograph, ra^ OCCUPANT.
iotelegraphy. tend, V. t. 1. See attend.
telegraph, v. i. communicate {contextual); 2. Referring to cattle, etc.: herd, guard,
spec, wire {colloq.), cable {colloq.), radio- tail {Av.stralia); spec, shepherd, graze.
graph, heliograph. tend, V. t. 1. See incline, contribute.
telescope, n. tube {colloq.); spec, reflector, 2. lean, incline, head, lead, point, gravi-
refractor, glass {colloq.), finder, photo- tate, look, conduce; spec, squint.
helioscope, equatorial. tendency, n. 1. <See inclination.
tell, V. i. 1. babble, inform; see tattle. 2. leaning, inclination, gravitation, grav-
2. count, make, act. ity, set, tendence (rare); spec. bias.
temper, n. 1. See calmness, disposition. tender, v. t. 1. In law: offer, delate (obs. or
2. Referring to actual frame of mind at a Roman law).
given time: mood, tone, vein, humor, Antonyms: see demand.
frame, cheer, spirits; see ill temper. 2.See offer.
temper, v. t. 1. See mix, allot, mitigate, tender, n. In law: offer.
moderate, restrain. Antonyms: see demand.
2. Referring to metals, glass, etc.: anneal. tenfold, a. decuple (chiefly math.).
3. Referring to clay, etc.: work, pug, puddle. tenon, n. projection (contextual); spec.
temple, n. 1. house {contextual), sanctuary, dovetail, cog, dowel.
tabernacle, fane (archaic or poetic), naos tense, a. 1. See stretched, tight, in-
(tech.), templet (dim.), delubrum (Latin), tense, excited.
church (o loose usage); spec, pantheon, 2. high-strung, strung-up (chiefly predica-
AthensBum, Serapeum, Theseion, Par- tive), strained.
thenon, pagoda or (rare) pagod, sacellum, ten-sided, a. decagonal (literally "ten-
hecatompedon, dipteros. angled"), decahedral; both tech.
tS" Cross refereiKes: see Note. temerity: of. bash. tenant, v. t: occupy.
teat: nipple. temperament: constitution, tend, V. i.: attend.
teohntolan: expert. disposition. tender, a.: delicate, weak,
teohy: irascible. temperance: moderation, ab- weakly, unstable.
tedious: dull, tiresome. stinence. tender, v. t.: soften.
tedium: ennui. temperate: moderate, abstemi- tenderfoot: newcomer.
teehee: lattgh. ous, mild. tending disposed.
:

teem: generate, swarm, abound. tempest, n.; storm, commotion. tendon: ligament.
teeming: fruitful, abounding, tempestuous: stormy. tenebrous: dark.
abundant, swarming. template: pattern. tenement: tenure, Tiolding,
teeter: seesaw. tempt: provoke, attract, entice. abode, dwelling.
teetotal: abstemious. temptation: attraction, eor tenet: opinion, creed.
tell, V. t: compute, disclose, ticement. tensile, a.: ductile.
communicaie, mention, narrate, tempting: attractive. tension, n.: tightness, force,
express, report, assure, in-
tattle, tenable: defensible. strain, excitement, intensity.
form, announce, evidence, per- tenancy: tenure, holding, oc- tensity, n.; tightness, strain, in-
ceive, distinguish, bid, confess. cupancy. tensity.

i^^ See Notes of Explanation.

429
 TENT
tent, n. pavilidn {chiefly spec), tilt; spec. 2. See GIFT.
marquee, marquise, prsetorium (Roman tether, v. t. fasten (contextual), tie (con-
antiq.), canvas, booth, kibitka, tepee, textual); spec, bush, picket, stake.
wigwam. text, n. 1. composition, wording, scripture
tenth, n. tithe, decima (rare), denary (rare); spec, context, mantra (East In^
(rare), tithing (obs. or rare). dian), hexapla, hbretto.
tenure, n. tenement (rare),^ holding, ten- 2. See SUBJECT.
ancy, tenantship, tenantry (rare); see texture, n. 1. See fabric, structure,
OCCUPATION. COMPOSITION.
term, n. 1. See limit, duration, pkriod, 2. constitution, fabric, fiber, grain, con-
NAME, EXPRESSION. texture (rare); spec. grit.
2. In logic: spec, subject, predicate, ma- thank, V, t. bless (usually ludicrous or hy-
jor, minor, conclusion. perbolic).
3. Inmath.: spec, mean, extreme. thankful, a. grateful.
4. In school use: spec, semester. Antonyms: see ungrateful, thank-
terminable, Umitable, lapsable or la-
a. less.
bile, determinable; see finite. thankfulness, n. gratitude, gratefulness.
Antonyms: see endless. Antonyms: see resentment.
terminology, n. nomenclatmre thanks, n. pi. blessings (usually ludicrous
(tech.),
glossology (rare), orismology (rare), tech- or hyperbolic); see grace.
nologj'; spec, toponomy. thanks, .interj. gramercy (archaic), merci
terrestrial, a. 1. earthly (rare, exc. in con- (French).
trast with "heavenly"), earthy (obs., exc. thanksgiving, a. eucharistic (literary).
spec), tellurian (literary), terrene (liter- that, pron. & a. thilk (archaic); spec.
ary), worldly (chiefly in contrast to "heav- yonder, yon (poetic).
enly"), mundane, sublunar or sublunary, thatch, a. Spec haulm (Eng.), cadjau
subastral, terranean (rare), telluric (rare), (Anglo-Indian), reed, grass.
tellural (rare). theater, n. 1. playhouse, house (context-
Antonyms: see heavenly. ual); spec. Colosseum.
2. /See WORLDLY. 2. jSee DR.uaA.
territory, n. 1. extent (contextiMl) region, theatrical, a. 1. Referring to the stage or
,

place, land, tract, quarter, district, local- stage playing: histrionic (tech. or learned),
ity; spec, division, side, countryside, dramatic, stagy (derogatory), dramaturgic
part, section, terrain, terrane, corner, lati- or (rare) dramaturgical (both literary),
tude, confine, ambit, domain, bound scenic or scepical.
(chiefly in pi.), coast (obs.), climate, clime 2. See DRAMATIC, SHOWY, ARTIFICIAL.
(poetic), fatherland, Coclcaigne, El Do- theft, n. 1. steal (rare), stealing, conver-
rado, realm. sion (contextual), larceny (often spec),
2. politically: domain, dominion, de- depredation (contextual, often euphemis-
mesne, empire, diocese (obs. or hist., exc. tic), thievery, thief dom (rare); spec pilfer
spec); spec, enclave, exclave; see divi- (obs. or rare), pilferage (rare), pilfery (obs.
sion. or rare), pickery or picking (obs. or Scots
testator, n. legator (rare), bequeather law), cribbage (colloq.), robbery, burglary.
(chiefly spec), deviser (chiefly spec). "Theft" is not properly a synonym of
Antonyms: see legatee. "embezzlement."
testify, V. t. 1. state (contextual), swear, 2. The thing stolen: steal (rare), filch
attest, depose, depone (a less usual equiv. (rare); spec, pilfer, pilferage (rare), pil-
of "depose"); spec, witness. fery (obs. or rare), crib, mainour (hist.).
2. <See evidence, avow. theist, n. Spec, deist, monotheist, poly-
testimonial, n. 1. credential. theist, pantheist.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. come, sufnx. tertiary: third.

tent, n.: pledget. terminus: limit, end, destinar tessellate: inlay.
tent, V. i.: dwell, camp. tion, test, n.: examination, trial,
tentacle, a.: feeler. termless: boundless. standard, assay.
tentative, a.: provisional. terra -cotta: earthenware. test, V. t.: examine, try.
tenter, n.: frame. terrain, terrane: formation, testament: will.
tenter, v. t: stretch. area, territory. testy: irascible.
tenuous: slender, thin. terrible: fearful, alarming. tetller, n.: fastening.
term, v. t: name, terrific: alarmiv.g. textile: fabric.
termagant: shrew. terrified : afraid. textural: structural.
terminal, a.: final. terrify: frighten. thankless: ungrateful.
terminal, n.: end. territorial: local. thaw: liquefy.
terminate, v. i.; end. terror: fear. theme: subject, composition,
terminate, v. t: end. terrorize: frighten. stem.
termination: ending, end, out- terse: concise. then: afterwards, therefore.

VW See Notes of Explanation.

430
 —

THIN
theologian, n. theologer (rare), theologas- thickening, n. 1. stiffening, inspissation,
t«r (derogatory), theologue (rare), theolo- incrassation (rare), inviscation (rare); see
gist, theolog {slang or colloq.j; spec, divine. CONDENSATION.
theology, n. divinity; spec, isagogics, dog- 2. Referring to what makes thick: stiffen-
matics, homiletics. ing, binding; spec, liaison (cookery).
theoretical, o. theoretic, speculative, thickening, a. stiffening, inspissant (rare),
notional (logic or philos.), doctrinaire, pa- incrassative (rare).
per (fig.); spec, ideal; see conjectural, thicket, n. brush, underbrush, thickset
ACADEMIC. (rare), bosk (literary), boscage (literary),
theorist, n. speculator (rare), doctrinaire covert, brake; spec, chaparral (smith-
(often used in reproach), doctrinarian, no- western U. S.), fernshaw (rare), cane-
tionalist (logic or philos.). brake, jungle.
theorize, v. i. speculate, doctrinize; see thickness, n. I. thick (rare), crassness or
GUESS. crassitude (rare), heaviness; spec, grist,
theory, n. 1. See idea. diameter.
2. hyjjothesis, speculation, doctrine, sys- 2. density, crowdedness.
tem, ism (chiefly disparaging; colloq.), 3. stiffness, consistence or (less usual)
principle, philosophy; spec, theosopheme; consistency, spissitude (literary or tech.),
see GUESS. viscosity, crassness or crassitude (rare).
there, adv. 1. thereat (a formal term). thick-skinned, a. 1. pachydermatous,
2. thither (now chiefly literary). pachyderm; both tech.
thereabout, adv. 1. thereabouts, therebc- 2. See INSENSIBLE.
sides (archaic or poetic), thereby (archaic thief, n. stealer, purloiner (chiefly spec),
or dial.) There is no decided choice between
. larcener (rare), pilferer (chiefly spec),
the two forms "thereabout" and "there- filcher (chiefly spec), lurch (rare; archaic),
abouts." robber (chiefly spec), lifter, depredator
2. thereupon (archaic or formal), thereon (contextital) micher (obs. or dial.), prig or
,

(formal), thereanent (rare). prigger (slang or cant), nimmer (archaic),

therefore, adv. &
conj. thus, consequently, snatcher (obs. or rare), snapper (obs. or
hence, so, ergo (tech. or Latin), wherefore; rare), hooker (slang, obs., or spec); spec.
spec,henceforward, then. picklock, pickpocket, shoplifter, klepto-
thereon, adv. thereupon (more formal or maniac, pickpurse (rare or hist.), cut-
emphatic or employed for euphony). purse (hist.), light horseman, burglar.
thermometer, n. calorific (a loose use); thievish, o. larcenous, furacious (pedantic
spec, mercury, glass, Fahrenheit, Centi- or humorous), stealthy (rare), furtive
grade, Reaumur. (rare), mercurial (fig.; literary), light-
thick, a. 1. extension from one
Referring to fingered, pilfering (chiefly spec), pitchy
surface to the opposite: heavy, crass (obso- (fljg.; said esp. o/ the daws, finger, etc),
lescent); seeDEEP. sticky (fig., like "pitchy"), thefterous
Antonyms: see thin. (rare).
2. Referring to that which consists of visible thievishness, n. thievery, furaciousness or
separate parts or objects, as hair, a forest, furacity (rare); spec, kleptomania.
etc.: dense, thickset, crowded; spec, see thigh, n. ham (chiefly in pi., exc spec),
BUSHY. hock or hough (spec, and chiefly Scot, as
Antonyms: see thin. applied to man).
8. Referring to fluids: stiff,inspissated, thighbone, n. femur (tech.); spec, cross-
viscid, viscous, grumous or (rare) gru- bones (pi.).
mose (chiefly tech.), crass (rare); spec. thighpiece, n. In armor: cuisse or cuish.
clotted. thimble, n. Spec, thumbstall.
ArUonyms: see thin. thin, a.l. See slender, sensittve, shrill,
4. See COABSE, cloudy, foggy, hazy, UNSUBSTANTIAL, PAINT.
FREQUENT, ABUNDANT, HOARSE, GUT- Antonyms: see thick.
TURAL. 2. rare, rarefied, crude (rare), exile (ar-
thicken, v. t. thick (rare)/ stiffen, inspis- chaic), subtle or (now rare) subtile, ten-
sate (tech. or learned), inviscate (rare), in- uous (literary or formal), tenuious (rare),
crassate (rare); spec, embody (paints); unsubstantial (contextual).
seeCONDENSE, COAGULATE. 3. Spec thinnish, dilute; see watery.
Antonyms: see thin, dilute. Antonyms: see thick, viscid, crowded.

tS^ Cross rtferences: see Note. thesis: statement, composition, thicken, v. i.: doud, increase.
theorezn: atatemenl, rule. proposition. thieve: steal.
thereat: there. thew: muscle, ligament, thievery: thievishness, theft,
tliesaaru§: dictionary. thick, 71.; stock. robbery.

S^^ See Notes of Explanation.

431

< i
 THIN
4. lean, leanish {rare), slim, poor, spare, 2. See OBEED.
meager {literary), pinched, slender; spec. thirsty, a. 1. Hamng thirst: athirst {ar-
thinnish, peaked {chiefly colloq.), spin- chaic or literary), thirstful {rare), droughty
dling, emaciated, spindly {colloq.), gaunt, or drouthy {archaic), dry {colloq. or vulgar).
lank, lanky, scraggy, scrawny (U. S.), 2. Causing thirst: dry {colloq. or vulgar),
hollow, shrunken, macilent {rare), hag- dipsetic {tech.).
gard, bony, fleshless, lathy {colloq.), skinny 3. See desirous.
{very emphatic or loose and colloq.; often thong, n. strip, band, range {rare); spec.
contemptuous), skeletal, scrannel {rare or riem or rheim {So. Africa), lasso.
raw-boned, squinny {rare).
obs.), thoracic, a. pectoral.
Antonyms: see tat, plump. thorn, n. 1. spine; spec, brier or briar; see
thin, V. i. 1. rarefy, attenuate, extenuate prickle.
{rare), subtilize (rare). 2. <See annoyance.
Antonyms: see thicken. thorough, a. complete, absolute, unqual-
2. Spec, water, dilute, adulterate. ified, straight-out, regular, ingrained, out-
3. See EMACIATE. and-out, downright, right-down {colloq.),
thine, n. tuum {Laiin). outright {rare), unmitigated {colloq.), good
thing, n. 1. See occurrence, deed, con- {contextual); -spec, radical; see exhaust-
cern, MATERIAL, ARTICLE, ITEM, OBJECT, ive, DEEP.
IDEA, SUBJECT, CREATURE, PERSON, CHAT- Antonyms: see negligent, incomplete,
TELS, GOODS. PARTIAL.
.

2. article, affair, arrangement, produc- thoroughly, adv. completely, well, up,

tion, contrivance, concern, commodity, good {colloq.), downright; spec, radically.
business {colloq.), shebang (slang, U. S.), thoughtful, o. 1. considerative, reflective,
jiggumbob {colloq.), fakement {slang), pensive {rare), cogitabund {rare), deliber-
dodge {colloq. or slang). ate, musing, contemplative.
3. entity {teamed or tech.), individuum Antonyms: see blank, thoughtless,
{tech.); spec, non-ego, monad, something. tJNTHINKING.
think, V. i. 1. cogitate {tech. or literary), 2. jSee careful, prudent, ATTENrrvE,
ween {archaic); spec, misthink; see rea- KINDLY.
son. thoughtless, a. 1. unthinking, unreflect-
2. To form a conception {of): dream {used ing, irreflective {rare), unweighing {rare),
wUh "of"). vacant, blank, vacuous {literary or learn-
5. As in "to think well of," "to think a good ed), unideaed {rare), unideal {rare),
deal of": reckon {rare). Hotheaded (rare), inconsiderate (rare).
think, V. t. conceive, ideate; spec, imagine, 2. Referring to what is done thoughtlessly:
understand, realize. imthinking, unweighed, casual.
thinkable, a. cogitable {literary or learn/- Antonyms: see thoughtful, deliber-
ed), conceivable, possible; spec, imagi- ate:.
nable. 3. iSee blank, careless, stupid.
thinker, n. mind, intellect, inteUigence or thoughtlessness, n. unthinkingness, un-
intelligency {rare). reflectingness, vacuousness, blanloiess, etc.
thinking, a. cogitating {literary or tech.), Antonyms: see consideration.
reasoning, cogitative {literary or tech.), thousand, a. iwllenaxy {literary or learned);
cogitant {learned); see reasonable. spec, millennial.
Antonyms: see unthinking. thousand, n. chiliad (literary), millennium
thinking, n. 1. cogitation {tech. or liter- {learned or spec), nullenary {rare), mill-
ary), thought, bramwork; spec, concep- iad {rare).
tion, reflection; see consideration, rea- thrash, v. t. 1. strike, beat, thresh {obs. or
soning, IMAGINATION. rare), curry {fig.), comb {slang), dust {obs.
2. See belief. or colloq.), wallop {slang), whale {coUoq.),
third, a. tertiary, ternary, temal {rare); — trim {slang), drub, trounce {colloq.); spec.
aJllearned or tech. belt, strap.
third, n. tierce {obs. or spec.); spec, ditone, 2. See DEFEAT.
terza. thread, n. 1. string {contextual), filament
thirst, n. 1. appetite {contextual), longing {contextual); spec, yarn, cotton, linen,
{contextual), drought or drouth {archaic); purl, lisle, twine, twist, tram, shute, lingel
spec, dipsomania, polydipsia. or lingle {dial.).
i^' Cross references: see Note.
 — —

THROWING
i. The thread of ascrew: fillet. 2. See BORDEB, BEQINNINa.
S. See FILAMENT, STREAK, SERIES, CHAN- 3. In psychol.: limen (tech.).
NEL, COURSE. thrill, n. sensation (contextval), shock,
thread, v. t. 1. NaiU.: reeve. flush, tingle, tickle, electrification (fi^.),
2. Referring to a screw: spec. tap. dirl (Scot. & Eng. dial.).
S. trace; spec. (,of dancing) braid. thrill, V. t. aSect (contextiud), rouse, tingle,
4. See FILE. tickle, electrify (fig.), dirl (Scot. & Eng.
threadlike, o. linear (chiefly tech.); see dial.).
HAIRLIEE. thrilling, a. sensational, electric (fig.),
thready, a. setuliform {tech.); see fila- tingUsh (rare). .

mentous. thrive, v. i. 1. iSee prosper.

threat, n. 1. menace, thunder (fig.), thun- 2. flourish, batten, boom.
derbolt (Jig.), commination (literary or 3. grow, flourish; spec, bloom, vemate.
learned); spec, denunciation (learned). throat, n. gullet (a loose, depreciatory use),
2. Beferritig to the aspect of the sky: lower throttle (chiefly dial.), thropple (Scot. &
or lour. dial.), gorge (archaic of the exterior front of
threaten, ti. t. 1. menace, threat (archaic), the throat; rhetorical of the internal throat),
comminate (rare); spec, denounce (rare), maw (chiefly spec), lane (slang), hals
warn. , (Scot.), fauces (tech.).
2. With the thing held out by way of a throat, a. faucal (tech.), guttural (chiefly
threat, as object: menace; spec. vow. tech.), gular (zool.), fauciiu (rare).
5. See FOREBODE. throaty, a. hoarse (contextval), guttural.
threaten, v. i. overhang, lower or lour. through, prep. 1. thorough (archaic),
threatening, a. 1. sigmficant (contextiud), throughout.
minatory (literary), menacing, sinister, 2. See BY, DURING.
dark (contextual), black (contextual), om- throw, V. 1. 1. See PROJECT.
inous, comminatory or (rare) commina^ 2. Referring to projection by the motion of
tive (literary or learned), ill-boding, dire- the arm or hand: project, cast (chiefly lit-
ful, dire, threatfiil (rare); spec, thvmdery erary or used in games), pitch (chiefly
(fig.), denunciatory (literary). spec), sling, fling; spec. deUver, hurl, hur-
2. Referring to the sky, clouds, etc.: lower- tle, launch, skim, lance (rare or poetic),
ing or louring, lowery or loury. elance (archaic and rare), toss, chuck (of-
3. See FOREBODING. ten coUoq. or slang), dash, shy, jacidate
three, n. trio, ternion (literary), triad (rare), lob, heave (naui. or coUoq.), cob,
(chiefly tech.), trinity (literary or spec), pelt, pitchfork (fig. or spec), sky (slang),
trine (rare); spec, triumvirate (chiefly reject (rare), retroject (rare), jettison,
fl^.), triplet. jerk, quoit, fork, flirt, flip, play.
three-cornered, a. triangular, triangle Antonyms: see catch.
(rare), triangled; all three tech. or formal. 3. Meaning to throw off or down: cast,
threefold, a. triple, triplicate, treble, ter- tumble, cant, flap (colloq.), flop (coUoq.),
narj;, ternal (rare), triplasio (tech.), tri- fling; spec, wrestle (cowboy's cant; west-
plasian (obs. or rare), trme (rare), triadic, emu. S.), hipe: see fell, unhorse.
trinary; spec, trimerous. 4. precipitate, fling, plunge.
threefold, adv. triply, trebly. 6. SeeovERTUBN, discharge, put, bring,
three-footed, defeat, emit, plat, shed.
a. tripod, tripodal, tripodic
(rare); —aU
three learned or formal. throw, n. 1. See projection.
three-headed, a. tricephalous (tech.). 2. Referring to projection by the motion of
three-hundredth, a. tercent^mial, ter- the arm: projection, throwing, cast (chief-
centenary; both learned. ly literary or used in games); spec, deliv-
three-legged, a. tripod. ery, pitch, sling, fling, hurl, toss, chuck,
three-parted, a. tripartite, triparted; dash, shy, jaculation (rare), put (Scot,
spec, trichotomous;—aZi three tech. or or cant), lob, rejection, downcast, flip.
learned. 3. See plat; spec crab, nick, cast, main.
three- sided, a. trilateral (tech. or learned), 4. precipitation, throwing, plunge, pitch.
triquetrous (chiefly spec; tech. or learned). 5. Meaning a casting off or down: cast,
thresh, v. t. Referring to the threshing of cant, tumble, fall (chiefly spec), fling;
grain: thrash (note rare); spec, flail. spec, buttockj backcast, nelson, hipe.
threshold, n. 1. siU, groimdsel, doorsill. throwing, a. jaculatory (rare).
fW' Cross references: see Note. throb, V. i.: pulsate. throng, V. i.: crowd, congregate.
threnody: dirge. throe: spasm, pain. throng, u. t: crowd.
thrift: economy. throne: seat, chair, cathedra, throttle: choke, silence.
thriftless: imprudent sovereignty. [crowding. throw, V. i.: gamble, flounce.
throb, n.; ptdsaiion. throng, n.: crowd, multitude. throwback:
tW See Notes of Explanation.
433
 .

THRUM
thrum, V. i. 1. strum; see dbum. tidied, a. redd (Scot.; chiefly with "up").
8. See HUM. tidy, n. antimacassar (now rare or obs.).
tbrum, V. t. strum; spec, thumb; see flat. tidy, V. t. arrange, groom, redd (Scot, or
thrum, n. 1. strum. dial.; chiefly xmlh "up").
2. See HTJM. Antonyms: see disarrange.
thrushlike, n. turdiform (tech.). See band, bond, fastening, ob-
tie, n. 1.
thrust, n. 1. <See push. ligation, EQUALITY.
2. push, pass (chiefly fencing and pugil- 2. In music, typography, and writing: lig-
ism), dub (colloq.); spec, dab, jab (col- ature, slur (music).
loq.), job, plunge, lunge. tiger, n. cat (in zoological classification),
thrust, V. t. 1. See push. pussy (humorovAi), Johnny (sportsman's
2. push, propel, stick, poke, run; spec. cant); spec, whelp.
plunge, lunge (rare), ram, jam, jab (col- tight, a. 1. See compact, firm, narrow,
loq.), perk, strike (contextual). IMPASS.\BLE, close, STINGY.
Antonyms: see draw. 2. tense, taut or taught (chiefly naut.),
3.punch, dig; see poke. strict (rare or tech.), strait (rare or liter-
4. See PROPEL, PUT. ary), hard (contextual); spec. snug.
thrust, V. i. 1. push, pass; spec, lunge, Antonyms: see loose.
poke, job, jab (colloq.), prick, dab, foil tighten, v. t. 1. draw (contextual), tauten;
(archaic), foin (rare or obs!). spec. lace.
2. push, poke; spec. lunge, pass (chiefly Antonyms: see loose, relax.
fencing and pitgilism), plunge, ram, job, 2. Spec. flag.
jab (coUoq.), return, remise (French), tightness, n. tension, tensity, etc.
flanconade, passado, riposte (French), tile, n. plate; spec, quarl, head, pantile.
prime, tierce, carte, seconde, quinte. timber, n. 1. wood (contextual); spec, lum-
3. punch, dig (colloq.), dub; spec, stab, ber (chiefly U. S.), raff, pilework, piling,
poke. stumpage (cant, U. S.).
thumb, n. digit (formal or learned), pollex 2. See beam, material.
(tech.) timbre, n. In music: clang tint or (for
thunder, v. i. 1. detonate (rare), fulmine sliort)clang.
or fulminate (rare). time, n. I. tide (archaic), space (rare, exc.
2. See RESOUND, shout. contextual), day (fig.), days (pi.; less jig.
thunderbolt, n. thunder (poetic or ar- than "day ), wmle (chiefly in "worth
chaic), thunderstone (archaic), thunder- while"); spec, long, eve, usance, breath-
stroke. ing, bit; see date, period, leisure, op-
thunderclap, n. thimder (poetic or rhetor- portunity, experience.
ical), thunderblast. 2. Referring to a particular instant in time,
thunderous, a. 1. thundering, fulmina^ without reference to duration: point, in-
tory (rare), thimdery. stant, moment; spec, bell; see hour.
2. See RESONANT. timely, o. 1. appropriate, seasonable, op-
ticket, n. 1. Spec, coupon, ballot; see la- portune, tempestive (archaic), conven-
bel, LIST. ient (archaic), timeous (ohs. or tech.);
2. Referring to a ticket of admission: spec, fortunate, acceptable.
pasteboard (slang), billet (archaic or ohs.); Antonyms: see untimely, improper.
spec, ivory (slang or cant). 2. See early.
ticking, n. The sound: tick-tock (colloq.). timely, adv. 1. acceptably, seasonably, op-
tickle, V. t. 1. See please, divert. portunely, apropos.
2. titillate, curry (Jig.); spec, ginnel. 2. See early.
tickling, n. titUlation. timepiece, n. timekeeper, horologe (tech.),
ticklish, a. 1. tickly, kittly (Scot, and local horologium (rare), chronometer (chiefly
U. S.). spec), clock (^chiefly spec); spec watch,
Z. See DANGEROUS. water glass, journeyman, clepsydra, hy-

R^* Cross references: see Note. tide, n.: flow. till, prep. & conj.: UTiiil,
thumb, 0. f.; handle, read. tide, V. i.: fioai, flow. till, V. t.: cultivate, plena.
thump, n.: blow. tide, 0. L: transport. tillable: arable,
thump, V. t: beat. tidings: news. tillage: cultivation.
thunder, v. t: ehout. tidy: orderly, considerable. tiller: lever, helm.
thunderstruck: surprised. tie, V. t: bind, fasten, knat, tilt, V. t.: incline.
thwack, 71.; blow. equal, confine, attach, restrict. tut, n.: canopy, tent.
thwack, V. t: strike, beat. tied; bound. tilt, V. i.: slope, fight, contend.
thwart, V. t: defeat, contravene. tier: row. tilt, 71.; inclination, fight, con/-
tick, n.: account, credit, tlfl, 71.; pet, quarrel. test
tick, V. & n.: tap, mark, check. tlfl, V. i.: quarrel. tllter, 71.; fighter, contestant
tickle, 71..* thriu. tigerish: fierce. timeless: eternal.

t^* See Notes of Explanation.

434
 .

TOLERANT
droscope, regulator, pendule (French), tippler, n. drinker, nipper, bencher, sipper.
repeater. tirade, n. discourse (contextiuil), harangue,
timeserver, n. opportunist, politique declamation, screed, rant.
{French hist.), temporizer^ trimmer. tirade, v. i. discourse (contextual), ia-
timeservlce, n. opportumsm (chiefly poli- rangue, declaim, rant, screed (rare).
tics). tire, n. 1. See dress.
timesezTlng, a. opportunist, temporizing, 2. tyre (the usual British spelling); spec.
politic, diplomatic. pneumatic.
time-table, n. schedule (chiefly U. S.). tire, V. t. 1. weary, fatigue, tucker (coUoq.;
timid, o. fearful, timorous (literary or New Eng.), forweary (archaic); spec, jade,
formal), meticulous (obs.), scary (coUoq.), fag, bore, exhaust.
pavid (rare), tremuloas (rare or spec.), Antonyms: see divert, refresh, rest,
unhardy (rare); spec, shrinking, shy, dif- restore.
fident, faint-hearted, faint, half-hearted, 2. See SICKEN.
cow-hearted (rare), creepmouse (fl^.; tire, V. i. 1. weary, flag; spec, jade, fag.
chiefly in nursery talk), cowardly, super- 2. See SICKEN.
stitious, heartless (rare), spiritless (rare), tired, a. wearied, weary, fatigued, etc.;
spineless (fig.), inadventurous (rare), spec, tiry (colloq. and rare).
gnastful (archaic), funky (slang); see Antonyms: see fresh.
BASHFUL. tiresome, a. 1. wearisome, fatiguing, tedi-
Antonyms: see absured, bold, confi- ous; spec, fagging.
dent, VENTURESOME. Antonyms: see restful.
timidity, n. timidness, fearfulness, timor- 2. See DULL.
ousness (literary or formal), meticulous- tissue, n. 1. See fabric, btbuctube.
ness (obs.); spec, shyness, cowardice, cow- 2. In biology: spec, web, membrane, pa-
ardliness, diffidence, faint-heartedness, renchyma, prosenchyma, cartilage, cuen-
etc.; see bashfulness. chyma, muscle, etc.
Antonyms: see assdbance, boldness, to, prep. 1. toward.
etc. 2. See AT, BY, UNTIL, AFTER.
tinkle, n. ring, tinkling, ting-Brling (col- toad, 71. batrachian. paddock (archaic),
loq.), tintinnabulation (liierary), ting toadlet or toadling (dim.).
(rare), tingle (rare), tink (rare); see rinq. toast, V. t. 1. Spec, see brown, warm.
tinkle, V. i. ring, tink (rare), ting (rare). 2. drink, bumper (rare), pledge.
tinner, n. tinsmith, tinman, white.smith toast, n. I. pledge, pledging, wassail (obs.
(rare or obsolescent) or archaic), skoal (archaic); spec, senti-
tint, n. color (conteTdual), shade, tinge, ment, health.
tincture (rare), tinct (archaic or poetic), 2. See GLOW.
tone, cast, nuance (French). tobacco, n. weed (colloq.) nicotian (rare),
,

tint, V. t. color (contextvxd) shade, tinge,

, Nicotiana (a personijicaiion).
tinct (archaic or poetic), tincture (rare). toddle, V. i. walk, waddle, paddle.
tip, V. t.& i. 1. See tap, incline, inform. toe, n. digit (tech.; humorous or affected in
S. fee, remember (euphemistic), pouch ordinary language), dactyl or dactylus
(slang or coUog.), dash or dashee (African spec, heel, hallux.
(tech.);
coast), baksheesh (Oriental). together, adv. Spec, mutually, recipro-
tip, n. 1. (See TAP, inclination. cally, unitedly, conjointly, contempo-
2. point, pointer (colloq., U. S.), hint. raneously.
S. gift, fee, remember (euphemistic), Antonyms: see apart.
douceur (French), dash or dashee (African tolerant, a. 1. iSee endurant.
coast), baksheesh (Oriental), bonus. 2. forbearing, indulgent; see liberal.
tipple, V. i. drink, nip. Antonyms: see intolerant.
Of Cross references: see Note.
 TOLERATE
tolerate, v. t. 1. See endueb, permit. top, n. See head, ceown.
1.
2. indulge. 2. summit, head, cop (obs. or dial.),
toleration, n. 1. See endurance, permis- crown, apex, upside (rare); spec, tiptop.
sion. Antonyms: see bottom.
2. tolerance, forbearance, indulgence; 3. Referring to a top sloping to a point or
spec, liberality. edge: apex, peak, vertex, fastigium (chief-
tomb, re. 1. See grave. ly architecture; rare), pitch; spec, crest,
2. sepulcher or sepulchre (hist, or rhetor- edge.
ical), sepulture (archaic), bier (rare), cist Antonyms: see bottom.
(archmol.); spec, mausoleum, charnel, Referring to the piece or covering forming
4.
charnel house, feretory, mastaba or mai3- the top: head, headpiece (chiefly in spec),
tabah, vault. heading, cap, capping, crown, cumulus
to-morrow, n. morrow (literary), to-morn (rare), topping, capital (chiefly architec-
(ohs. or dial.). ture); spec, drumhead, hd, capstone,
tone, re. 1. See sound. cornice, corona, larmier, coping.
2. Referring to a sound of a definite musical top, V. t. 1. cover, cap, tip, crown, head,
pitch: note; spec, second, third, fifth, etc., surmount, creist, ride.
touch, hypate (ancient Greek music), toot, 2. ascend, surmount, rise (chiefly U. S.),
monotone. crest (rare).
3. Referring to vocal pitch or modulation: 3. head; spec, crop, poUard, pall.
strain, key, accent, intonation; spec. 4. See CROWN,' surpass.
singsong. top, a. 1. highest, topmost, apical (learned
4. Referring to the sentiment of discourse: or tech.), culminai (rare), culminant (rare),
strain, key, spirit, accent (often in pi., as uppermost, overmost.
in "in accents mild"). 2. See CHIEF.
5. See TEMPER, strain, health, state, top-shaped, a. turbinate (tech.).
HUE. topsyturvydom, re. Spec, hysteron pro-
tongue, n. 1. lingua (tech.), clapper (slang), teron (rare).
clack (slang). torch, re. link (literary or rare), brand (po-
a. Referring to a tongibelike part: spec. etic), flambeau, mussal (Anglo-Indian);
lingua, Hngula, languet (chiefly mach.), spec, lampion, light.
examen (rare), doab or daub, clapper. torchbearer, n. hnkman or linkboy (rare
3. See language, pole, pointer, head- or literary), lampadephore (Greek antiq.;
land. rare),.mussalchee (Anglo-Indian).
tongue-shaped, a. Ungulate, linguiform; torn, a. rent, riven (literary), lacerate or
— both tech. or learned. lacerated (tech. or learned), manned,
tooth, re. 1. ivory (slang), dental (humor- broken.
ous); spec, game (pi.; Scot.), fang, snag, Antonyms: see intact.
tang, gang tooth, pearl (fig.), incisor, tort, re. delict (civil and Scots law); spec.
molar; see tusk. trespass.
2. projection (contextiuil) , dent (tech.), torture, v. t.1. pain (a contextual sense),
jag; spec, denticle, denticulation, dentil agonize, torment, excruciate, anguish
or dentel (archaic), cog, spur, sprocket. (rare); impale, martyr or (rare)
spec,
8. See TASTE. martyrize, strappado, rack, roast, bum,
toothless, a. edentate (tech.; chiefly spec), card, pincer, boot.
edentulate, edentulous (rare), anodont 2. See GRIEVE, PERVERT.
(rare); spec, fangless. torture, re. pain, torment, excruciation;
tooth- shaped, dentiform odon- spec impalement, martyrdom, strappado,
toid (rare); — a. (tech.),
both tech. or learned. estrapade, fire, boot, screws, rack, sling, etc.

V^' Cross references: see Note. tool, n.: instrument, puppet. topple, V, t.: overturn.
tolerate: endure, permit, inr tool, V, i.: drive, bowl. torment, v. t.; pain, torture,
toot, v.: blow, sound. distress, tease, annoy, trouble.
toll: ring. tooth, v.f.; indent. torment, n.: pain, distress, an-
toll: Uix. toothed: dentate. noyance, trouble.
tomboy: hoyden. toothsome: palatable, torpid: insensible, apathetic,
tombstone: grasesUme. topcoat: overcoat. sluggish.
tome: hook. tope: drink. torpor: sluggishness, apathy.
tomfoolery: fooling. toper: drinker. torque: twist.
ton: style. topheavy: unstable. torrefy: roast.
tongue-lash: ahuse. topic: subject, commonplace. torrent: flood.
tongueless: silent, dumb. topical: local. torrid: burnt, hot.
tonic, a. : stimulating. topknot: crest. torrldity: heat.
tonic, n.: stimulant. topmost: top. torsion: twist.
tonsure: cutting. topping: preterUioits, arrogant. torso: body.
tonsured: bareheaded. topple, V. i.: fall. tortuous: sinuous, indirect.

tS^ See Notes of Explanation.

436
 —

TRACK
Anionyms: see pleasttrb. 2. See WORRT, DISHEVEL.
torturer, n. tormenter, excruciator. tow, V. t. 1. draw (contextual), drag, cor-
torturous, a. painful, excruciating (often delle (U. S. & Canada); spec, tug, track.
humorous), agonizing. Antonyms: seevvsn.
Antonyms: see pleasant. 2. See DRAW.
totter, V. i. 1. <See falteb. tow, n. 1. draw, drag; referring to the act
2. Referring to what seems about to fall of towing a vessel.
from weakness or instability: shake, reel, 2. towUne, cordelle (U. S. & Canada).
stagger, rock, titubate (rare), waver, toward, prep, towards (less usual than
trernble. "toward"), to.
totter, n. 1. See pai,tek. Antonyms: see from.
2. shake, reel, stagger, rock, titubation towel, n. cloth (contextual), wiper (rare),
(rare), waver, tremble. diaper (rare or obs.), napkin (rare); spec.
tottering, o. shaky, labefact (rare), titu- lavabo (eccl.), rubber.
bant (rare), staggering, etc. tower, n. Spec towerlet, sLkhra, vimana,
Antonyms: see firm. pyramid, pagoda, pylon, bastMe, lantern,
touch, V. t. 1. Spec, reach, impinge (tech.), peel, nyragh, donjon, dungeon, barbican,
kiss, lick, sweep, brush, glance, graze, bartizan, beacon, tracker, turret, helepole
feel, handle, palm, toe, finger, join, adjoin. (hist.), belfry, castle, keep, spire.
2. See affect, injure, impair, caress, town, n. burg (colloq. or slang; U. S.),
annoy, soften, plat, taint, reach, wick (obs., exc in place names); spec bor-
irritate. ough, city, burgh (now Scot.), pueblo,
touch, V. i. 1. contact (rare and tech.); spec. hamlet.
impinge, kiss, glance, graze, brush, lap, townsman, n. citizen (contextual), towny
border, adjoin, join, osculate. (slang), urbanite (humorous), urban (rare),
2. See STOP. oppidan (rare), burgher (archaic), snob
touch, n. 1. contact, impact (tech.), trait (university cant; Eng.), Philistine (o term
(archaic; now chiefly fig.), tangence (rare), of dislike or contempt), cit (ahoH for "cit-
attaint (archaic); spec, feel, kiss, graze, izen"); spec cad (Eng.),
glance, brush, osculation, tickle, button; Antonyms: see rustic.
see IMPACT. toy, V. i. 1. See plat.
2. sensation, feel, feeling. 2. play, dally, dalliance (rare), trifle,
S. Referring to a qiudity of a player or ar- fondle, wanton, daff (chiefly Scot.); spec
tist: hand, stroke; spec, finger. finger, fiddle, twiddle, twacidle (rare).
4. See caress, action, exbctjtion, trace, n. Part of a harness: tug.
STROKE, little, DASH, TRACE, FIT, IM- trace, n. 1. See track, footprint, evi-
PEBPECTION. dence, drawing, delineation.
touching, n. contingence (rare or tech.), 2. mark, impression, vestige, vestigium
joinder (rare), tangence or tangency (tech.).
(tech.; chiefly spec); spec, adjacence, ad- 3. trifle, taste, savor, smack, smatch,
jacency. shadow, shade, smell, tang, touch, sus-
touching, a. 1. tangent (tech.; chiefly picion
(colloq.), flavor, suggestion, hint,
spec); spec, adjacent. tinge, cast; spec, ray, trick, strain, streak,
Antonyms:see apart. spark, sparkle, tincture; see dash.
2.See AFFECTING. trace, v. t. 1. follow; spec, retrace.
toughen, v. t. strengthen (contextual); 2. See track, delineate, describe,
spec, indurate, inure; see anneal, COPT, PERCEIVE.
HARDEN. 3. derive, track, fetch (o6s. or rare), de-
tournament, n. 1. fight, tourney; spec. duce.
hastilude (hist), carrousel, justs or jousts. track, n. 1. trace, trail, wake, vestige
a. See CONTEST. (rare), slot (archaic or spec), run (rare),
tousle, V. t. 1. ill-treat (contextual), tumble, rack (rare); spec, tail (tech.), file, spoor,
touse (rare), maul, mishandle, manhan- furrow, footing (rare), scent; see foot-
dle (slang), mouse or mousle (archaic). print, PATH.
fS' Cross references: see Note. totality: wholeness, whole. tourney: tournament.
toss, V. L: throw, agitate, annoy. touchable: tangible. tout, n. : spy, solicitor.
hatidy. toucbiing, prep.: about. tout, V. i.: spy, solicit.
toss, V. i.: flounce. touchy: irascible. tower, V. i.: rise.
toss, n.; throw, agitation. tough, a.; strong, intractable, towering: high.
total, a.: whole, absolute. hardy, difficult, troublesome, toxic: poisonous.
total, n.: whole, sum. violent. toxicant, a.: poisonous.
total, V. i.: amount. tough, n,; rowdy. toxicant, n.: poison.
total, V. t.: add. constitute. tour, n,: circuit, excursion. traceable: attr^mtable.
totaling: addition. tourist: excursionist. tracery: ornameniati&n.

tS^ See Notes of Explanation.

29 437
 TRACK
2. way (contextual), road spec, make (cant), rehearse, pace, gait;
(contextiuil),
run, runway, rails (collective pi.); spec. see ACCUSTOM, exercise.
tramway (Eng.), tram (Eng.), plate; see 2. In horticulture: spec, espalier.
SIDING. 3. See AIM.
3. See KOAD, COtlBSE. trained, a. skilled, disciplined, educated
track, V. t. 1. trace, trail, spoor, slot (rare, (contextual); spec, thorough-paced, reared.
exc. spec); spec, pad, foot (rare), prick, Antonyms: see untrained.
pug (Anglo-Indian), scent, road, draw trainer, n. educator (contextual), drill or
(hunting)., driller (chiefly mil.), coach (chiefi/y spec);
2. See TRACE. spec, rough-nder, walker, lanista (Roman
trade, n. 1. See business, association, antiq.).
BARTER, traffic, SALE. training, n. discipline, drill, drilling,
2. craft, handicraft, mystery (archaic). school (chi^y mUitary; cant), manage
tradesman, n. dealer; spec, shopkeeper. (French) or {archaic) manage (eguestriarv-
tradition, n. 1. See delivery. ism), making (tech.; hunting), education;
2. Spec, folklore, sunna. see exercise.
traditional, a. traditive (literary or team- training, a. educative (contextual).
ed), traditionary (rare), unwritten. traitor, n. betrayer, proditor (obs. or rare),
traffic, n. 1. See dealing. snake (fi^.), serpent (fi^.), traitress (fern.),
2. business (contextual), trade, trading, Iscariot C^.), Judas (fig.), renegade, turn-
operations (pi.), mongering (chiefly ar- coat; spec, parricide (fy.), deserter.
chaic or depreciatory), dealing, commerce, Antonyms: see patriot.
merchantry (rare), truck, merchandry tramp, v. i. go (contextual); spec, walk,
(archaic), nundination (rare), chapmanry hike, plod, trudge.
(obs. or archaic), chaffer (obs.); spec, sim- trample, v. t. tread (contextual), betrample
ony, huckstery, arbitrage, contraband, (intensive), tramp, overtread (rare), over-
barter. trample (rare); spec, hobnail, poach.
traffic, V. i. 1. trade, deal, operate, mer- trampled, a. trod or trodden (chiefly u^ed
chandise, merchant (rare), chaffer (obs. or in composition).
archaic); spec, huckster, bucket, truck, trance, n. ecstasy (hist.), rapture (obs.),
bart«r, commerce. catalepsy, hypnosis, coma.
2. See DEAL. transaction, n. 1. See doing.
tragedian, n. actor (contextual), trage- 2. act, action, affair, job, deal (U. S.).
dienne (French; fern.), Thespian (literary transcribe, v. t. 1. write (contextual), copy;
or humorous). spec, exemplify, engross, estreat.
tragedy, n. drama (contextual), buskin 2. See TRANSLITERATE.
,

transcriber, n. writer, copyist, scrivener,

Antonyms: see BtmLESQUE. scribe (learned or specific:); spec. Uteralist.
tragic, a. dramatic, cothurnal (fig.), Thes- transcript, n. writing (contextual), copy,
pian (literary), buskined (fig.). transcription; spec, exemplification, en-
Antonyms: see comic. grossment, estreat.
trail, n. 1. train (chiefly spec), drag, tail. transcription, n. 1. Referring to the action:
2. See TRACK, PATH. writing, copying, transcribing; spec, ex-
train, n. 1. See tail, procession, series, emplification, engrossment.
SET, retinue, sequel. 2. Referring to the copy: see transcript.
2. Referring to persons or things following transfer, v. t. 1. See remove, copy.
or attending: entourage, cortege (French); 2. convey, cede (formal or tech.), alienate
spec, coffle (Oriental). (tech.), grant (rare or tech.), divest (liter-
3. Spec local, express, accommodation, ary), pass (contextual), transmigrate
freight. (rare); spec, devise, bequeath, consign,
train, v. t. 1. teach, discipline, drill, edu- assign, lease, charter, will, demise, give,
cate, school (chiefly spec), form (rare); negotiate, mancipate.

t^' Crossreferences; see Note. trail, V, t: draw, draggle, track, tramp, n,: step, tread, walk,
traokless: pathless. hunt, pedestrian, vagrant,
tract: composition. trail, V. i,: draw, hang, float, trample, v, i,: walk.
tract: area. flow, creep. trample, n,: tread.
tractable: adaptable, managi trait: touch, characteristic. tranquil: calm, peace/id.
able. tranquilize: calm, pacify.
tractate: composition. traitorous: treacherous, ireor tranquillity: calm, peace.
tractile: ductile, manarteable. som/jble, transact: do.
traction: drawing, trajectory: course, transcend: exceed, surpass.
trade, v, i,: traffic, barter, trammel: hamper. transcendent: excessive, fine,
trading, n,: traffic. tramp, D.i.; step, walk. unequaled.
traduce: disparage. tramp, v. t,: trample, traverse. transcendental: abstract.

[t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

438
 ,

TRANSLATOR
S. Referring to intanoibk things: pass, re- law or of French law); spec, enormity,
move, devolve, devolute {rare), translate misdemeanor; see sin.
(chiefly spec), transfuse (fig.), transmit, transgressor, n. offender, offendant (rare),
shift, transplant (chiefly fig. or spec), trespasser (literary or archaic), misdoer,
post, carry; see delegate. delinquent, culprit, misfeasor; spec.
transfer, n. I. See REMOVAii, movement, malefactor, criminal, misdemeanant; see
COPY. SINNER.
2. transference, transferal, conveyance, Antonyms: see innocent.
cession (rare or tech.; often spec), assign- transience, n. transientness (rare),
1.
ment (often spec), assignation (now rare), transiency, temporariness, evanescence
alienation (tech.), disposal, disposui-e (chiefly fig.), fugacity or fugaciousness
(rare), grant (chiefly tech.), passing (con- (literary), caducity (rare), impermanence
textual); spec, deed, devise, devisal, be- or impermaneney, ephemerahty, ephem-
quest, bequeathment bequeathal
(rare), eralness, passingness (rare), fleetingness
(rare), lease^ demise, mancipation (rare), (rare), preterienee (rare), volatility (rare);
commendation, negotiation, gift. see BREVITT.
8. Referring to intangible things: trans- Antonyms: see permanence.
feral, transference, removal, devolve- 2. cursoriness (qf. cursory).
ment, devolution, translation (chiefly transient, a. 1. temporary,
transitory,
spec), transfusion (Jig.), transplantation fleeting, passing, impermanent, ephem-
(chiefly fig. or spec), transmission, trans- eral, ephemerous (rare), evanescent (chief-
mittal, shift; spec convection, metony- ly fig.), caducous (rare), evanid (archaic),
my, metaphor. fugitive, volatile (literary), fleet (poetic),
transferable, a. conveyable, assignable, meteoric (fig.), cometary (fig.),
fugacious
disponible (Scot.), etc; spec, bequeath- (literary), preterient (rare); spec, trans-
able, devisable, negotiable. eunt, transitive, monohemerous (med.),
transferee, n. assignee (often spec), deciduous; see brief, short-lived.
grantee; spec consignee, indorsee, leg- Antonyms: see imperishable, perma-
atee, devisee, donee. nent, constant.
transfix, v. i. pierce, impale, transpierce 2. See PASSING, cursory.
(rare); spec, spit, broach, stake (rare), transient, n. ephemeron (literary).
spear, skewer, pin. transition, n. change (contextual), transit
transform, v. t. change (contextual), trans- (rare), passing, passage; spec leap, jump,
figure, transfigurate (rare), convert, meta^ break, graduation, saltation (Hilary),
morphose, translate (chiefly spec), trans- saltus (rare), play, rise, fall, metastasis,
verse (rare), transmute (chiefly spec), metabasis.
transpeciate (rare), transnatui-e (rare), transitional, a. passing; spec gradual,
transmogrify (humorous or corUemptiums), metabatic.
transshape (rare); spec transubstantiate, translate, v. t. 1. See move, transfer,
bedevil, revolutionize, resolve. TRANSFORM.
transformation, n. change (coniextiial) 2. Referring to being carried to heaven
transfiguration, transfigurement, conver- vnthout death: transport, ravish (rare),
sion, metamorphosis (chiefly spec), trans- enheaven (rare).
lation (chiefly spec), transmutation 8. render, turn, do
(contextual), put (con-
(chiefly spec), version (rare)^ transmor- textual), throw (contextual), construe (a
phism (rare), transnaturation (rare), loose use); spec, retranslate, retrovert
transpeciation (rare), transmogrification (rare), transdialect (rare), interpret, Eng-
(humorous or contemptuous), metastasis lish, paraphrase, metaphrase (rare), de-
(rare); spec, resolution, diagenesis. cipher, decode (cant).
transgress, v. i. offend, trespass (now liter- translation, n. 1. See motion, transfer,
ary or archaic), slip, fault (archaic), misdo transformation.
(rare); see sin. 2. Referring to the action: rendition
transgression, n. 1. See violation, dis- (U. S.), version, construction (alooseuse),
obedience. turning, etc.
2. offense, trespass (now literary or ar- 3. Referring to the residt: version, con-
chaic), slip, misdeed, fault, delinquency strue (a loose use); spec metaphrase,
(chiefly literary or tech.), crime, delict paraphrase, interpretation; see crib.
(tech.; chiefly a term of Roman or Civil translator, n. translatress (fern.), ren-

t^ Cross references: see Note.

 TRANSLITERATE
derer, doer {conlextual), versionist (rare); rapture, entrance, trance (rare), impara-
spec, interpreter, interpretess. dise or emparadise (fl^.; literary), rapture
transliterate, v. t. transcribe; spec, de- (rare), rape (rare), rap (now rare), raptur-
code. ize (rare); spec, see frenzy.
translucent, See transfabent.
a. 1. transport, n. 1. See movement, trans-
2. semitranspaxent, semiopaque, semi- portation, VESSEL.
diaphanous (rare), translucid (rare). 2. ravishment, transportation (rare), rape
Antonyms: see opaqtte. (rare or archaic), rapture (rare).
transmigrate, v. i. 1. See migrate. S. /SeepRENZT.
2. metempsychosize (rare), transcorpo- transportation, n. movement (context-
rate (rare). ual, carriage), transportal (rare), con-
transmigrationist, n. Pythagorean. veyance, bearing (primarily spec), trans-
transmission, n. 1. See commtjnication. porting, tran,sport, transit (rare), trans-
3. In physics: transmittal, transmitment ference, translation (literary); spec, fare
(rare),propagation, conveyance, conduc- (obs.), lug (colloq.), traduction (rare),
tion (chiefly spec); spec, convection, ra- transvection (rare), convection (rare),
diation, circulation, communication. shipment, transshipment, ferriage, tel-
transmit, v. t. 1. See send, transfer, pherage, portage, truckage, porterage,
COMMUNICATE. freight, gestation (rare; tech.); see ex-
2. In physics: convey, propagate, con- pulsion.
duct; spec, radiate, conmiunicate. transported, a. entranced, ravished, spell-
transparency, n. 1. clearness, transpar- bound (rather colloq. or spec); see fran-
ence, diaphaneity or diaphanousness tic, ecstatic.
(Jiterary or tech.), lucidity or lucidness transporter, n. carrier, bearer, conveyer;
(literary), limpidity (literary), lucency spec, porter, shipper.
(rare), pellucidness or peUucidity (literary transporting, a. entrancing, ravishing,
or learned); spec, thinness, cloudlessness. Orphic (fi^.).
2. Referring to a transparent object: trans- transpose, v. t. interchange, transverse
parence, diaphane (literary); spec, dia- (rare); spec, see reverse.
positive. trap, 71. 1. gin (archaic); spec snare, net,
transparent, a. 1. diaphanous (literary or trous-de-loup (pi.;
pit, spriuge, trapfall,
tech.), clear, translucent (rare), lucid French), deadfall (chiefly U. S.), creel,
(lit-
erary), pellucid (literary or learned), lim- pot, cruive (British), mousetrap.
pid (literary), transpicuous (rare), crystal 2. In a figurative sense: snare, gin (liter-
(fig.); spec, thin, cloudless, white. ary), net, trepan or trapan (archaic), am-
Antonyms: see opaque. bush.
2. Referring to what can he seen through trap, V. t. 1. catch, entrap (rare or literary),
mentally: flimsy, thin. gin (archaic); spec snare, springe; see
transpire, V, i. 1. See exhale, occub. SNARE, net.
2. escape (contextnal), leak out. Antonyms: see free.
transplant, v. t. 1. plant, replant; spec. 2. In a figurative sense: catch, snare, in-
repot. snare or ensnare, tangle, trepan or trapan
2. In surgery: graft. (archaic), gin (literary), enmesh.
transport, v. t. 1. move (contextual), carry, trap, V. t. adorn, caparison.
take (contextual), convey, transfer, bear trapping, n. 1. For a horse: caparison,
(primarily spec), translate (literary); bard.
spec conduct, lug (colloq.), smuggle, 2. In pi.: see dress, ornamentation.
row, pull, boat, tide, ship, raft, trail, travel, v. i. 1. ^o (contextual), itinerate
I
float, wagon, cart, truck, coach, ve- (rare or spec), journey; spec rail, rail-
hiculate (rare), chair, horse, telpher, vehi- road (U. S.), tram (Eng.), tramp, rogue
cle, buck (colloq., U. S.), waft, wheel, (now rare), drive, wheel (colloq.), stage,
transship, tram, pack, portage, sled camel, cab, caroche (obs.), roll, gig, sledge,
(chiefly U. S.), sledge, roll, bowl, run, sled (U. _S.), train, post, motor, boat,
drive, wing, whirl, drog (rare, Eng.), canoe, sail, steam, trek (South Africa or
whisk, freight, ferry; see translate, ex- colloq.), pad; see journey.
pel, ABDUCT. 2. See move, journey.
2. overpower, ravish, enravish (rare), en- traveler, n. 1. goer (contextual), ganger
|

tW Cross references: see Note. transpire, v. t: exhale, occur. trash: refuse, nonsense.
transmittal: sending, com- transude: exude. trashy: refuse, paltry.
munication. transverse, a.: cross. travail: childbirth.
transmute: change, transform. transversely: crosswise. travel, v, t: traverse.
transom: window. trapper: hunter. travel, v. i,: go.
transpicuous: transpareni. traps: goods, baggage. travel, n.: traveling, motitm.

XS" See Notes of Explanation.

440
 TREMOR
(arctic), viator {rare), wayfarer, passen- Antonyms: see constant.
ger, itinerant {rare or spec.); spec, poly- treasurer, n. receiver, bursar {tech.), cof-
topian (to many places; rare), sleigher, ferer {hist.); spec, dewan {Anglo-Indian).
rider, excursionist, roadster, trekker. treasury, n. fee {chiefly spec), bursary
2. See JOUSNEYER. {tech.), exchequer {Eng. or literary), coSei.
travellns, a. 1. going {contextwiC), travel, treat, v. i. 1. deal, negotiate, capitulate
journeying, itinerant {rare, exe. spec.), er- {rare); spec, parley, temporize; see bar-
rant {archaic, exc. spec.). gain, DISCOURSE.
2. See MOVABLE. 2. entertain {contextual); spec, shout
traveling;, n. 1. going {contextual), journey- {slang).
ing, travel, itineration {rare), itinerancy treat, handle, serve {now chiefly coU
v. t. 1,
{literary), itineracy {rare). loq.), use; spec, work; see discuss, doc-
2. See GOING. tor.
traverse, v. t, 1. See cross, txtrn, offose,
2. entertain {which see); spec, shout
CONTRADICT. {slang; U. S. Au^ralia). &
2. travel, make {contextiial), cover {chiefly treat, n. 1. See pleasure.
contextual), transit {rare), overgo {rare), 2. entertainment {which see); spec shout
overpass {rare), peregrinate {rare), per- {slang; U. S. & Australia), set-up {slang,
vade {rare), itinerate {rare), peragrate U. S.).
{rare); sj)ec. run. round, range, quarter, treatise, n. composition {contexttud), dis-
march, ride, walk, retravel, retraverse, course {contextual); spec commentary,
patrol, promenade, perambulate, wander, tract, tractate, tractlet {dim.), mono-
scour, track, measure, overmeasure {rare), graph, handbook.
wing, procession (rare), sail, boat, cruise, treatment, n. 1. dealing; spec negotia-
shoot, oversail {rare), override {rare), tion, bargaining.
overwalk {rare), overwander {rare), navi- 2. handhng, dealing, use, usage; spec.
gate, swim, trot, thread, tramp, trace service, detail; see discubbiok.
Xrareorohs.), ply, percur {rare). 3. therapy {mosUy in camp.); spec, hy-
tray, n. Spec, box, plateau, galley, coaster, drotherapy, serotherapy, aerotherapy, etc.
trencher, voider, salver, server. treaty, n. agreement (coTitoftiaJ); spec.
treacherous, a. I. faithless, traitorous, accord, concord.
traitor, false, perfidious, untrue, recreant treble, n. soprano.
{literary), reptile CA?.). snaky {fig.), Is- treble, v. t. triple, tripUoate {rare or formal).
cariotic or Iscariotical (fi^.; rare), trappy tree, n. 1. dryad {jig.); spec pollard, stand,
{coUoq.), serpentine (fig.), proditonous sapling, rampike [U. S. or dial.), cordon
(rare), trustless {rare), treasonable {chief- {hort.). scrub, snag, espalier, Yggdrasil
ly spec.), Punic {fi^.), treasonous {rare); (myth.).
seetreasonable. 2. In genealogy: stemma {tech.); spec.
Antonyms: see constant.
2. See DBCEiTriTL, unreliable, unsate. treelike, a. arboreal {literary or teamed),
treachery, n. faithlessness, traitorousness, dendriform {tech.), arborescent, dendritic
treason {chiefly spec), infidelity {formal; or dendritical {tech.), dendroid [tech.).
often spec), perfidy, falsity, falseness, tremble, v. i. shake, shiver {chiefly spec),
recreancy {literary), prodition {rare), etc. quake, quiver, quaver {rare), tremulate
tread, v. t. walk, pace, foot {rare or coUoq.), (rare), dither {chiefly dial.), didder {now
press {contextual), pad {rare), stamp, dial.), dirl {Scot. & dial. Eng.); see tot-
spurn {literary); spec. fuU {tech.), tramp; ter, QUIVER, shudder, PULSATE.
«ee trample. tremble, n. shake, tremor, qmver, quaver
tread, v. i. step, go {contexttial),pa,ce {often {rare), quake, tremulation {rare), trepida-
spec); spec, tramp, trample, dance, trip, tion {rare), tremblement {rare); spec.
walk, run. twitter, twitteration, tremolo {mvMc);
treason, n. treachery {contextual), parri- see QUIVER, TOTTER, SHUDDER, PULSATION.
cide {fig.), prodition {rare), lese-majesty trembling, a. shaking, shaky, tremulous
{CivU law). • {literary or formal), quivering, quavering
treasonable, a. treacherous {contextiud), (rare), quaking, trembly {colloq.), palsied,
traitorous, proditorious or proditious tremulant, aspen {fig.); spec trepid {rare),
{rare). vibratory.
1^" Cross references: see Note. treasure, n.: store, hoard, tremble, v. t.; shake, vibrate.
trarerae, n.: crossing, passage, wealth. trembly: trembling, tremulous.
pass, denial. treasure, v. t.: hoard, remember, tremendous: immense, fearful.
travesty; caricature, burlesque, value. surprising.
treacle: molasses. trek: travel, journey. tremolo, n.: tremble.
treadle: leter. trellis: lattice. tremor: tremble, vibration.

XW See Notes of Explanation.

441
 TREMULANT
tremulous, a. 1. See trembling, vibra- trick, V. t. 1. deceive, cheat, fob, jockey;

tory. spec, trap, intrigue (rare); see hoax.

8. shaky, quivery, quavery (rare), trem- 2. See ORNAMENT.
bly {rare); spec, tottery. trickery, n. deception, artifice; spec, clap-
trench, n. ditch, fosse {tech., often spec), trap (contemptuous), sleight (now rare, exc.
furrow {chiefly spec), line {contextual), of trickery in legerdemain), hocus-pocus,
cutting {contextual); spec parallel, zigzag, pettifogging, hocus (archaic or rare), trap
boyau {mil.), sap, cunette {mil.). (colloq. or slang), buncombe or biuikum,
Antonyms: see dike. practice (rare); see chicanery.
trend, v. i. tend {rare of persons), gravitate Antonyms: see artlessness, sincerity.
(formal or learned), set, drift, strike (rare trickiness, n. deceit, deceitfulness, eva-
or spec); spec, lean, run, go (contextual). siveness, art, artfulness, shiftiness, crook-
trend, n. course, direction (contextual) , bent, edness.
set, determination(Kiera?'2/);spec.run, tide. trickster, n. deceiver, cheat, hocus-pocus,
trespass, v. i. 1. See sin, encroach. shifter (rare), juggler.
2. Referring to intrusion on land: intrude tricky, a. deceitful, evasive, artful, pawky
(rare), enter (contextual), encroach; spec. (chiefly humorous; Scot, or dial.), tricksy
poach. (rare), shifty, shufting, crooked, quirky
trespass, n. 1. See sin, encroaci'iMENT. (rare).
2. Referring to land: intrusion (rare), en- Antonyms: see artless.
trance (coniextital), encroachment. tried, a. proved, proven, tested, proof.
trial, n. 1. hearing, doom (archaic), judg- Antonyms: see untried.
ment (rare, exc in reference to God, as in trifle, 71. 1. nothing, bagatelle, folderol or
"the Last Judgment"); spec ordeal, mis- falderal, fillip, fig, fico (archaic), straw,
trial. bean, fiddle-faddle (chiefly in pi.), fidfad,
2. test, probation (rare, learned, or pedan- bubble, fiddlestick, mmflam, feather
tic), try (rare), proof; spec prospect, van. (rare), toy, triviality, vanity (rare), breath,
S. ejrperiment, experimentation, tenta- doit (flg.; literary or archaic), minim
tion (tech., rare), try (rare). (rare; literary), frivoUty, nihihty (rare),
4. distress, ordeal, cross, denial; see af- nothingism (rare), bawbee (fig.; Scot);
fliction. see gewgaw.
5. See endeavor. 2. See particle, trace.
trial, o. experimental, probative, proba- trifle, V. i. 1. fool, shilly-shally, frivol (col-
tionary, probatory (rare), empirical, pei- loq.),niggle (chiefly Eng.), moon (colloq.),
rastic (rare), tentative. dawdle, dally, toy, dillydally, fiddle-faddle,
triangle, n. trigon (rare), delta (chiefly fribble (contemptuous), palter, peddle
spec); spec, gore, gusset. (rare), piddle (rare or colloq.), trick (rare),
triangular, a. trigonal (rare), triquetrous tomfool (colloq.), flimflam (colloq); see
(rare; learned or tech.), deltoid. idle, potter.
tribal, a. tribual (rare), tribular (rare), 2. See PLAY.
gentile (rare or tech.). trifle, V. t. fool, frivol (coUoq.), dawdle,
tribunal, n. 1. bench (contextual), chair fribble (contemptuous), palter, fritter, toy,
(contextual); spec. dais. fiimflam (colloq.).
2.See court. trifler, n. dawdler, fribble (contemptuous),
tributary, n. stream, affluent, feeder, in- frivoler (colloq.), shilly-shalUer, tomfool
fluent (rare); spec, leader. (rare); spec, idler, potterer, butterfly
trick, n. 1. artifice, ruse, shift, bilk (rare), (fig.).
device, game (colloq.), dodge (colloq.), fob trifling, a. idle, foolish, sUly (rare, exc
(slang), rig (slang or colloq.), trap, fake spec), trivial, finicking; spec null; see
(slang), cantel (archaic), jape, shave (fig.; FRIVOLOUS.
esp. in "a clean shave"), sleight (now rare, Antonyms: see earnest, sincere.
exc spec), braid (obs.); spec, cog, bunco trifling, n. 1. fooUng, dalliance (literary),
or bunko, double, shuflBer, flimflam; see play, fidfad (rare), fiddle-faddle, frivoUty,
HOAX, CAPER, FROLIC, ARTIFICE, EXPEDI- flummery, etc; spec, fiimflam, boy's play,
ENT, PLAN, HABIT. girl's play.
2. In wrestling: trip, chip, click; spec. 2. See PLAT.
mare, nelson, half-nelson, mp, etc. trill, n. quaver, vibration; spec roll, burr,

t^^ Cross references: see Note. triad: three. trice: moment.

tremulant: trembling. tribe: race, group, set. trickish: deceitful.
trench, v. i.: encroach. tribune: rostrum. trickle, v. i.: flow, drip.
trenchant: sharp, energetic. tribute: tax, contribution, com- trickle, 71.: flow, drip,
tress: lock. pHment. tricksy: mischievous.

IW See Notes ol Explanation.

442
 —
TROUSERS
rhotacism, shake, tremolo, vibrato, trem- rare or obs.); spec, sorrow, misfortune,
blement, warble. anxiety, fear.
trill, V. i. quaver, vibrate; spec, roll, shake, 2. In a loose sense referring to any degree,
warble, tremble. however sligJU, of discomfort or inconven-
trim, V. t. 1. See ornament, adjust, ar- ience: bother, botherment, ado, pother,
range, DEFEAT. fuss, annoyance, vexation (a hose use),
2. In nautical use: adjust, fill. discomfort; see embarrassment, in-
3. cut, clip, lop (rare or spec.); spec, crop, CONVENIENCB.
Eoll, shear, prune, shrub, pare, dub, skirt, 3. Referring to what causes trouble: dis-
arber, list. tress, vexation, torment, cross, curse,
trim, n. U See state, adjustment, ar- thorn, bale, pest, plague, bane, bother,
rangement, DRESS. chagrins (pi.); spec, care, burden, mis-
a. cut, clip; spec. crop. fortune, sorrow.
trimmlne, n. 1. cuttmg, clipping; spec. Antonyms: see comfort.
pruning, inlucation, cropping, etc. See effort, ailment, disturbance.
4.
2. SeeREPROop. trouble, v. t. 1. distress, disquiet, ail, wor-
trinity, n. 1. Of tlw state or quaiity: triu- ry, pain, vex, torment, plague, afilict',
nity, triplicity (rare). harass, agitate, excruciate or (archaic)
2. Of what constitutes three in one: triu- cruciate (rare), crucify (fig.), cut (fig.),
nity, triplicity (rare), trine (rare), triad. infest (rare), cumber (archaic or obs.),
"Trinity" is especially applied to Deity. cark (archaic), perplex (rare or obs.), mo-
trinket, n. bijou (French), bauble; spec. lest (archaic); spec, frighten, oppress; see
jewel, jingle-jangle; see gewgaw. GRIEVE.
trip, stumble
V. t. 1. (rare). 2. In a loose sense: bother, pother, ail,
2. See CATCH. fuss (rare or slang), curse, annoy, pest«r,
tripod, n. tripos (rare), trivet (chiefly dun; see embarrass, tease.
spec); cat, teapoy (Anglo-Indian). troubled, a. 1. distressful, disturbed, etc.,
trivial, a. 1. Pertaining to a crossroads troublous, careful (archaic).
where three ways meet: compital; hoth 2. See unsettled.
rare. troublesome, a. 1. distressful, disturbing,
2. insignificant, unimportant, trifling, distressing, troublous (rare), afflictive,
light, httle, petty, small, sUght, slim, nig- grievous, painful, worrisome, cruel (often
gung (chiefly Eng.), picayune (colloqJ), in colloq. use as o mild intensive), trou-
picayuhish (colloq., U. S.), flimsy (chiefly bling, spiny (fig.), thorny (fig.), tough
spec), sixpenny (Eng.), futile (formal or (colloq.) , vexatious, bad, cumbersome (ar-
literary), empty, frothy (fig.), nugatory chaic or dial.), molestful (rare), fashious
(literary), quotidian (rare), nugacious (Scot.); spec, burdensome; see calam-
(rare), minute (rare), immemorable, itous.
worthless, gimcrack (chiefly spec), trump- 2. In a loose sense: distressful, discom-
ery (chiefly spec), sapless (fig.); spec. fortable (rare), bothersome, pestiferous
paltry, doggerel. (colloq. or humorous), pestilent or pestilen-
Antonyms: see important. tial (colloq. or humorous); spec, inconven-
triviality, n. insignificance, unimportance, ient, difficult, unwieldy.
nugatoriness (literary), flimsiness (chiefly troubling, n. distressing, agitation, worri-
spec), futility (formal or literary), empti- ment (rare), vexation, aMiction, harass-
ness, fiddle-faddle (in a generic sen.te), etc. ment, excruciation or (archaic) crucia-
tropical, a. tropic (rare), intertropical or tion, molestation (archaic).
intratropical. trough, n. 1. Spec, manger, hutch, laun-
trouble, n. 1. distress, disquiet, worry, der.
worriment (colloq.), pain, vexation, tor- 2. See channel, tube.
ment, affliction, care, cross, trousers, n. pi. pantaloons (orig. spec),
cark (archaic),
teen (archaic), sore (obs.), cumber (ar- breeches (coUoq.), pants (vulgar or cant),
chaic), fash or fashery (Scot, and dial. kickseys (slang), mexpressibles (humor-
Eng.), molestation (rare), perplexity (now ous), innominables (humorous),
I
sacks
tW Cross references: see Note. triplicate, a.: threefold. troll, V. I..- fish.
trim, V. hedge, temporize.
i..* triplicate, v. t.: treble. trollop: slattern.
trizn, a.: elegant, emart, shapely. tripod, a.: three-legged. troop, n.: body, company, Tnul.
trimmer: Hmeserver. trite: commonplace. tiiliae, flock, herd.
trip, n.: step, excursion. Jour- triturate: grind. troop, V. i.: meet, march.
ney, errand, circuit, error. triumph, n.: celebration, vic- trooper: cavalryman.
trip, V. i.: step, misstep. tory, exultation, accomplish- troopB: soldiery.
triple, a.: threefold. ment, hymn. (exult. trophy: prize, memorial.
triple, 11. (..• treble. triumph, v. i.: celebrate, rejoice, trot, n.: gait.
triplet: three. troll: goblin. trot, V. t: drive, jiggle.

%^^ See Notes of Explanation.

443
 TRUCE
{slang), unmentionables QiumoroiLs), in- Antonyms: see distrust, doubt.
effables {humorous), kicks {slang), con- 2. See HOPE, credit, duty, association.
tinuations {slang); spec, slops, bloomers, trust, V. i. 1. confide, lippen {chiefly Scot.);
chausses {French; hist.). see rely, believe.
truce, n. 1. armistice. Antonyms: see doubt.
Antonyms: seewAR. 2. See hope.
2. See DELAY. 3. tick {colloq.).
true, a. 1. See constant, accurate, coe- trusted, a. confidential, bosom, un-
KBCT, GENUINE, SINCERE, JUST, PULL- doubted, unsuspected.
BLOODED, ACTUAL, TRUTHFUL. trustee, n. depositary, fiduciary (rare);
2. Referring to agreement with reality: spec, garnishee.
right, accurate, correct, substantial, Antonyms: see grantor.
sooth {archaic). trustful, a. confiding, confident {rare), un-
Antonyms: see untrue, absurd, bb- suspicious, reliant, trusting, credent
EONBOUS, FALSE. {rare), undoubting, questionless {rare),
trueness, n. 1. See constancy, accuracy, unquestioning, fiducial {theol.); see be-
correctness, sincerity, actuality, lieving.
truthfulness. Antonyms: see doubtful.
2. Tightness, substantiality, trustworthy, a. faithful, trusty, faith-
soothness
{archaic). worthy {rare), responsible; see reliable,
truly, adv. 1. Spec, constantly {"truly" in CREDIBLE, constant.
this sense is archaic), accurately, correctly, truth, n. 1. See constancy, accuracy,
purely, actually, sincerely, justly. COERECTNESS, AUTHENTICITY, SINCERITY,
2. By way of emphasis, or, sometimes, as a JUSTICE, ACTUALITY, TRUTHFULNESS.
mere expletive: assuredly, indeed, quite, 2. Referring to conformity with what is ac-
sooth {archaic), soothly {archaic), for- tual: fact, reality, verity {learned), accu-
sooth {now only ironical and used paren- racy, correctness, trueness, right, troth
thetically), verily, yea {archaic), iwis {ar- {archaic), sooth {archaic).
chaic), perfay {archaic). Antonyms: see erbor.
trumpet, n. trump {archaic), horn {often 3. Meaning a thing that is true or in con^
spec); spec, lituus {Roman antiquities), formity with reality: fact, reality, oracle,
lure {Scot.), conch. principle; spec praecognita {rare), gen-
trumpet, v. i. blow, toot {chiefly spec; eralia {pi.).
often contemptuous); spec, tootle. Antonyms: see untruth, error, fal-
trumpet, v. t. proclaim, blow, blare; see lacy, LIE.
celebrate, advertize. truthful, a. true, veracious {literary), ve-
trumpeter, n. blower {contextual), tooter ridical {learned), veridicous {rare), sooth-
{chiefly contemptuous or humorous), blazer fast {archaic).
{archaic); spec, tootler. Antonyms: see untruthful.
truiLk, n. 1. stem, body, bole, stock, bouk truthfulness, n. truth, trueness, veracity
{Scot), truncheon {rare), butt, caudex {chiefly a literary term), veridicality or ve-
{tech.), axis {tech.). ridicalness {rare), fidelity.
Antonyms: see branch. try, V. t. 1. See attempt, strain, afflict,
2. See shaft, body. JUDGE.
3. box {contextual), chest {contextual), 2. examine, test, prove {archaic or tech.),
peter {thieves' cant); spec, imperial. essay or assay {literary or archaic); spec.
4. proboscis {tech.), snout {collog.). sample, taste, ring (a coin), sift {a person),
5. Referring to the body or main part: spec smell; see experience.
beam, synangium {anat.). tempt, solicit.
3.
truss, V. t. 1. See bind. 4. hear {as a case in court).
2. Referring to fastening the wings or legs try, V. i. 1. See endeavor.
{as of a fowl) for baking: spec, skewer. 2. seek, fish.
trust, n. 1. confidence, faith, reliance, af- tub, n. keeve or kive {Eng. or tech., and
fiance {literary); see belief. chiefly spec); spec, cowl {archaic or dial.).
K^= Cross references- see Note. trudge: walk, trundle, v. i.: roll.
truck, V. t: barter. true, V. t.: adjust. trundle, V. L: roll, wheel.
truck, V. i.: barter, trajjic trueloTe: lover. truss, n.: bundle, girdle.
truck, n.: rubbish, intercourse, trull: harlot. trust, V. t.: hope, credit, expect,
produce. trumpery, n.: rubbish, nonsense. commit.
truck, n..* wheel, roller. trumpery, a.: worthless, friv- trust, a.: fiduciary.
truckle, v. i.: Savin, cringe. olous, trivial. trustiness: constancy.
truckling: obsequious. truncate: dock, maim. trusty: trustworthy, constant.
truculence: ferocity, cruelty. truncheon: staff, club. try, n.; attempt, erideavor, effort.
truculent: fierca, cruel. trundle, n.: wheel, roller. tryst: appointment, rendezvous.

IS" See Notes, ot Explanation.

444
 TURN
bowie {Scot.), kit, corf {mining), beck {U. S. &
did. Eng.), riley {U. S.), drumly
{brewing). (chiefly Scot.), lutulent {rare), unsettled;
tube, n. pipe, duct {chiefly spec, anat., or see DREGGY.
hot), tuba (tech.), troudi (rare or dial. 2. See CONFUSED.
Eng.), tubulus {tech.), tubule {dim.); spec. Antonyms: see clear.
bore, catheter {med.), hose, chimney, lead, turfy, o. grassy, soddy {rare), cespititious
trap, tuyere or twyer, worm, fistula, quill (rare), cespitose or cespitous (rare), turfen
or quillet, lull {whaling), pipette, bron- (rare), turbinaceous (rare and erroneous).
chus, bronchiole, tubiilure. turkey, n. gobbler (masc).
tube, V. t. pipe. '
turn, n. 1. See rotation, revolution.
tuber, n. Spec, tubercle or tubercule 2. Referring to a change in position only:
{dim.). "Bidb," "corm," and "tuber" are turning; spec, twirl, roU, swing, twist,
not, in exact usage, synonymous. troll (chiefly spec.; rare), anteversion, an-
tubercular, o. 1. tubercmous {now rare); tro version, retroversion, retortion (rare),
spec, verrucoso, verrucous. cock-up, volution (rare), cast, return,
2. See TUBERCULOUS. countertum; see twist.
tuberculous, tubercular {now rare); spec. 3. Referring to a change of direction or
consumptive, phthisical
hectic, {rare), course: deflection (literary or tech.), diver-
phthisicky {rare), scrofmar. sion (literary), flexure (rare or tech.); spec.
tubular, a. tube-shaped, tubate {rare or slue, slew, bend, swing, wheel, double,
tech.), tubiform {rare), pipy {rare); spec. doubling, demivolte, volte, refraction,
tubuliform, tubmous, tubulose, vasiform blanch, canceleer, contraversion (rare),
{tech.), fistulous, fstulose, fistuUform, caracole; see deviation, wind.
fistular, capillary, canalicular, canalicu- 4. Referring to the motion of the eyes: roll,
late. cast, cock, goggle.
tuck, n. fold, pleat, plait, wimple {ohs. or 6. Referring to speech: twist, crank,
archaic), take-up {cant; colloq.). crankle, crankum (literary).
tuck, V. t. 1. fold, pleat, plait, wimple {ohs, 6. spell, shift, tour, trick, try (colloq.); go
or archaic). (collog. or slang), inning (orig. spec, in
2. See CROWD. sports); spec, hand (games), watch; see
tuft, n. 1. bunch, brush, feather; ROUND, opportunity.
spec.
tussock, pompon, 7. See BEND,
spear, fetlock, scopa, twist, curvi!, circuit,
penicil, floccus, topknot, coma, cirrus, round, change, coil, need, crisis,
verricvue, villus; see flock, crest, clump. course, fit, inclination, fold.
2. hassock, tussock, hag (Scot, and dial. turn, V. t. 1. See rotate, revolve.
Eng.), bog {Scot, and dial. Eng.). 2. Referring to change in position only:
tufted, a. 1. tufty; spec, penicillate, sway, bend, swivel, cast, twist, twirl,
plumed, floccose. wheel: spec, traverse, crank, grind, trip
2. tussocky, hassooky. (naut.), sphere; see bend, twist, fold,
tumble, V. i. 1. roll, wallow, welter; see REVERSE, curve.
FLOUNCE. 3. Referring to change in the direction of
2. See RUSH, DEPRECIATE. motion: sway, roll, swerve, deflect, divert,
tumble, n. 1. See fall, flounce. flex (rare or tech.); spec, reflect, retract,
2. roll,wallow, welter. refringe, slue, slew, antrovert, introvert
tumor, n. tumefaction {rare or learned); (chiefly jig.), topsyturn (rare; also fljg.),
spec, neoplasm, boil, carbuncle. brace, round (rare), avert, haul; see re-
tune, V. t. 1. adjust, modulate; spec, tem- verse, DRIVE, WIND, switch.
per, disattune {rare). 4. Referring to the eyes: roll, cock, cast;
2. See PLAT. spec, goggle, troll.
tunnel, n. Spec, tube {colloq.), drift {mirir- 5. Referring to remarks, arguments, etc.:
ing). direct, retort.
turban, n. headdress, mandil {Arabian); 6. See ADAPT, dissuade, convert, make,
puggree or puggaree (Anglo-Indian). direct, consider, avert, prejudice,
turbid, a. 1. tmck, muddy, cloudy, roily nauseate, sour.

1^= Cross references: see Note. tumescent: swelling. tuneless: inharmonious.

tuberosity: protuberance. tumid: swollen, bombastic. tunicle: coat.
tuok, n.: drumbeat. tumultuary: disorderly, agi- turbulent: disorderly, boister-
tug, n.: pull, effort, trace. tated. ^ ous, rough, violent.
tuinl>le, V. t.: throw, overturn, tumultuous: disorderly, bois- turf: sod.
tousle, disarrange, dishevel. terous. turgid: swollen, inflated, bom^
tumbledown; ricke^. tumulus: mound. basttc,
tumefaction: swelling. tune, n. : melody, harmony. turmoil: disturbance, commO'
tumefy: swell. tuneful: melodious, harmonious. tion, agitation, activity.

t^' See Notes of Explanation*

445
 '

TURN
turn, V. i. 1. See rotate, kevolvb. twilight, n. 1. dusk, candlelight (Jig.),
2. Referring to a chanqe in position: move, crepuscle or crepuscule or crepusoulum
bend, roll, shift, twist, twirl, wry (ar- (all three tech. or literary), gloaming (liter-
chaic); spec, grind; see twist. ary or poetic), gloam (rare), glooming
3. Referring to a change in direction of mo- (rare), dimmit (dial. Eng.), nightfalE
tion: bend, sway, swing, roll, deflect The time from daybreak to sunrise is sel-
(formal or literary); spec, veer, slue, slew, dom called "twilight."
cast, double, deviate, swerve, maneuver, See SHADE. 2.
jib, broach, tack, haul, warp, elbow (rare),
twilight, o. crepuscular (chiefly tech.),
wear (navi.), return, wind, shy, goggle. crepuseuUne (rare), crepusculous (rare).
4. Referring to mental action: advert. twin, n. gemini (pi.; Latin); fig. Dromio
5. See BECOME, RESORT, NAUSEATE, DE- (in Shak!), Antipholus (in Shade.), Castor
PEND, APPLY, APPEAL. (classical), Pollux (classical).
turnable, a. versable (rare), versatile twinkle, v. i. I. flash, sparkle, spangle,
(tech.); see directable. scintillate, twink (rare).
turned, a. Spec. retrouss6 (French); see See FLIT.
2.
REVERSE. twinkle, n. twinkling, flash, sparkle, scin-
turnip-Shaped, a. napiform (tech.). tillation, twink (rare).
turnkey, n. screw (slang). twist, n. 1. See cord, thread, rotation,
turret, n. tower, pinnacle, tourelle (rare); SPIRAL, WIND, coil, PERVERSION, DISTOR-
spec, gazebo, lantern, belvedere, cupola, TION, inclination, attitude, turn, CON-
serao, louver. VOLUTION, TANGLE.
tusk, n. tooth, tush (chiefly archaic or 2. Referring to themahing of thread, yam,
dial.), ivory (spec, or slang; colloq. or cord, etc.: spin, spinning, throwing (tech.),
tech.); spec, scrivello. purling (archaic); spec. lay.
twang, n. 1. ring (contextual), twangle, 3. torsion, torquescrew, twine
(tech!),
twank (dial.). (rare), twirl spec), wreath
(rare, etc.
2. <See NASALITY. (rare, exc spec, as in "a wreath of smoke");
twang, V. i. & t. 1. ring (contextual), twan- spec, curl, turn (contextual), crinkle, in-
gle, twank (dial.). torsion (rare), kink, buckle, kinkle.
2. See PULL. twist, V. 1. 1. Referring to thread, yam, cord,
twelve, a. duodecimal (tech. and chiefly etc.: spin, throw (tech.), purl, pirl (ar-
spec), duodenary (arith.). "Dozen" with chaic), twine (rare or archaic), wreathe
a following noun, as in "a dozen men," is (rare); spec, slub, lay.
properly construed as a noun followed by a 2. Referring merely to torsion: screw,
word of measure. It now is, however, in twine (rare, exc. spec), twirl (rare), wring,
effect an adjective. turn (contextual), entwist (emphatic; lit-
twelve, n. dozen. erary); spec, kinjc, crinkle (dim.), curl,
twentieth, u. vigesimal (tech. or learned), coil (rare), wreathe (rare, exc. fl-g.), wry
vicenary (rare). (rare), intort (rare).
twenty, n. score. Antonyms: see untwist.
twice, adv. bis (tech.); see doubly. 3. See ROTATE, WIND, COIL, INTERLACE,
twiddle, V. i. 1. See fidget. TURN, CONTORT, DISTORT, PERVERT.
2. twirl, wiggle, fiddle, play. twist, V. i. 1. Referring to motion of torsion:
twiddle, V. t. twirl, fiddle, wiggle, play. turn, spin (chiefly spec), kink (chiefly
twig, n. stem (contextual), shoot, stick, spec), twirl.
switch, rod, sarment (rare); spec, slip, 2. See ROTATE, WIND, TURN, COIL.
withe. twisted, a. 1. crooked (contextual), screwed,
twiggy, a. 1. virgal (rare), viminal or vi- twisty, torqued (tech.), tortulous (tech.),
mineous (both tech.). tortile (rare), tortive (rare), wreathen (lit-
2. See BRANCHY erary and chiefly fig.), wreathy (rare; liter-

t^^ Cross references: see Note. tutor, n..' guardian, teacher, twine, n.; string, coil, wind.
turncoat: apostate, deserter. coach. twinge: pain.
turning, n.: turn, dissuasion. tutor, V. t.: teach, coach, disci- twinkling: twinkle.
turnout: equi-page, meeting. pline. twirl, V, i.: twist, rotate, turn,
turnpike: road. twaddle, n.: commonplace, non- twiddle.
turpitude: baseness, wickedness. sense. twirl, n.: twist, rotation, turn,
tush: noTisense. twaddle, v. i.: commonplace. twiddle.
tussle, n.; contest. twain: two. twit: reproach, taunt.
tussock: tuft. tweak: pull, jerk. twitch, V. t.: jerk, pull.
tut: nonsense. tweezers: pincers. twitch, n.: jerk, pull, pluck.
tutelage: guardianship, teach- twine, V. t.: tvnst, wind, inter- Quiver.
ing. lace, encircle. twitohy: jerky, uneasy.
tutelar: protective. twine, v. i.: wind, coil. twitter: chirp, quiver.

XW See Notes of Explanation,

446
 ——

UNALLOYED
ary and chiefly fig,); spec, convolute, tyranny, See autocracy.
n. 1.
kinky. 2. arbitrariness, despotism, harshness;
S. See SPIRAL. see domineering, oppression.
two, a. twain {archaic or poetic). tyrant, n. I. See autocrat.
two, n. 1. twain (literal^ or rare); spec. 2. oppressor (contextual), despot, Uberti-
both. cide (rare).
2. Referring to two things taken as a unit:
dyad (chiefly tech.), duad (literary), pair; u
spec, couple, couplet, doublet (tech., cant, udder, n. bag (only of cows, goals, etc.).
or colloq.), brace, match, span, yoke, cast. ugly, a. 1. unsightly, hideous; spec, hard-
8. Referringtocards,dominoes,etc.: deuce. favored (archaic), evil-looking.
two-colored, a. dichroic, dichromic, di- Antonyms: see beautiful.
chromatic, dichroous; cul four tech. 2. See repellent, illt^temperbd, ill-
two-edged, a. ancipital (rare), ancipitous, shaped.
—
ancipitate (rare); all three learned. ulcerate, v. i. fester (chiefly spec).
two-faoed, a. 1. bifacial (tech.), bifront ulcerous, a. Spec, cankerous.
(rare); —
both learned. umbrella, n. Spec gingham, gamp, chat-
2. See DECEITFUL. ta (Anglo-Indian), parasol.
two-handed, a. bimanous (tech.). umpire, n. arbitrator, referee; spec, lines-
two-headed, double-headed, dicepha-
a. man.
lous (rare), bicephalous (rare), bicipitous umpire, v. t. referee (sports).
(rare; chiefly spec), bicipital (chiefly unaccented, a. atonic (tech.), unstressed,
weak. toneless,
two-horned, a. bicorn, bicorned, bicorn- unacceptable, a. unwelcome, disagree-
ous, bicornute, dicerous; all five rare or able; spec, unpopular.
spec. Antonyms: see acceptable.
two-legged, o. bicrural (rare). unaccommodating, a. disobliging, non-
two-paired, a. bigeminal (esp. in anat.), compliant, incompliant.
bigeminate (esp. in hot.), bijugate (esp. in Antonyms: see complaisant.
bot.). unaccountable, a. irresponsible, un-
two-rowed, o. biserial or biseriate (tech.), answerable.
distichous or (rare) distich (tech. or Antonyms: see accountable.
learned); spec, bifarious (rare). unaccustomed, a. unusual, unused,
two-sided, a. bilateral (tech. or learned). strange, foreign (rare).
type, n. 1. See symbol, pattebn, kind, Antonyms: «ee customary.
NATURE. unadorned, a. plain, simple, bare, unor-
2. e)<ample, representative, ideal, model, namented, ungamished; spec, unvar-
pattern, Deau ideal. nished (fig.), naked, blank.
8. Referring to any block used in printing: unadulterated, a. pure, clear, simple,
spec, letter, figure, member, character, etc. sincere (rare or literary), honest; spec.
4. Collectively: spec, letters (pi.), letter undiluted, neat.
(tech.), form, script, roman, italic, text, unadvisable, a. inadvisable, inexpedient,
clarendon, brevier, etc. impolitic.
typical, a. 1. See symbolic. Antonyms: see advantageous, wise.
2. exemplary, representative, true, ideal, unaffected, a. 1.untouched, unmoved,
model. unchanged; spec, see intact.
typify, V. t. 1. See symbolize. Antonyms: see affected.
2. exemplify, represent, type (rare), ideal- 2. simple, plain, natural, native, inarti-
ize, image; spec, impersonate, embody; ficial.
seePREFIGURE. Antonyms: seeaffected, pretentious.
tyrannical, a. pendragonish (rare), tyran- unaided, a. unsupported, unseconded;
nous, arbitrary; see domineering, op- spec, singly (predicative), single-handed,
pressive. helpless.
tyrannize, v. i. despotize (rare), tyrant unallowable, a. inadmissible, impermissi-
(rare); see domineer. ble.

t^' Cross references; see Note. umbrageous: dark.

twofold, a : double. umpire, v. i.: decide.
tvofold, adv.: doubly. ubiquitous: omnipresent. unable: incapable.
tympanum: drum, eardrum. ulterior: distant, additional. unaccompanied: alone.
tyrannous: autocratic, tyran- ultra, a.: extreme. unaccountable; irresponsible.
nical. ultra, n.; radical. unacknowledged: hidden.
tyre: tire, ultra, adv.: excessively. unacquainted: inexperienced.
tyro: novice. umbrage: offense. unalloyed: absolute.

V^^ See Notes of Explanation.

447
 .

UNALTERABLE
unambitious, a.humblejUnaspirmgCrareJ. eccl.), heretic (chiefly ecd.), miscreant
Antonyms: see ambitious. (arcfvaic), misbeliever; spec, minimifidian
unanimous, a. agreeing, consentaneous, (rare), nullifidian (rare), free-thinker, zen-
consentient, solid (chiefly slang; in polit- dik (Oriental), nothingarian (eccl.; rare), i

ical usage; U. S.). Antonyms: see believer.

unappealable, u. final. unbelieving, a. incredulous; spec, infidel,
unappeasable, a. iuappeasable, implac- disbelieving.
able, deadly, mortal; spec, inexpiable; see Antonyms: see believing.
RELENTLESS. unbosom, v. t. unburden, unbreast (rare),
Antonyms: see compassionate. open.
unappreciative, a. inappreciative, unap- unbreakable, a. infrangible (learned), ir~
plausive (rare). ruptible (rare).
Antonyms: seeappreciative. Antonyms: see brittle.
unarmed, a. weaponless, inerm (rare, or unbreathable, a. irrespirable.
hot). unbroken, a. 1. even; spec, blind, dead
Antonyms: see armed. (level)
unascertainable, a. indeterminable. 2. See CONSTANT, uninterrupted.
unassailable, a. invulnerable (ojten fig.), uncalled, a. uninvited.
inoppugnable (rare). uncanny, a. unnatural, weird.
unatonable, a. inexpiable. unceremonious, a. abrupt, bluff, blunt,
unauthorized, a. illegitimate, bastard. offhand, brusque, curt, gruff, informal;
unavoidable, a. inevitable, certain, neces- spec, familiar.
sary, ineluctable (literary), escapeless Antonyms: see formal.
(rare); spec, inavertible (rare), indispen- uncertain, a. doubtful, indeterminate;
sable, unpreventable. spec, precarious, problematical, shaky,
unaware, a. unknowing, ignorant. slippery, equivocal, insecure, mistakable.
Antonyms: see knowing. Antonyms: see certain.
unawareness, n. ignorance. uncertainty, n. doubt; spec, precarious-
unbaked, a. raw, crude; spec, green, un- ness, insecurity.
fired, unburnt. Antonyms: see certainty.
unbearable, o. intolerable, insupportable, unchangeable, a. unalterable, immutable.
insufferable, unendurable. unchaste, o. wanton; see lascivious.
Antonyms: see endtjrable, pleasant. uncivilized, a. savage, barbarous, bar-
unbecoming, a. unbeseeming (literary or barian, barbaric, low (conlextval), uncivil
archaic), unseemly, unworthy, misbecom- (rare), raw (rare).
ing (rare or literary), uncomely (rare), un- Antonyms: see civilized.
meet, unsuitable, unfitting, indecent uncle, n. nuncle (ohs. or dial.), nunk (ohs.
(rare); spec, incorrect; see improper. or dial.).
Antonyms: see becoming. uncomfortable, a. distressing, uneasy
unbelief, n. heresy (tending to create (obs. or rare).
schism), miscreance (archaic), disbelief, Antonyms: see comfortable.
miscredit (rare), discredence (rare), infi- uncompassionate, a. unkind, unfeeling,
delity (chiefly eccl.), incredulity, incredu- pitiless, stony, relentless, ruthless, fierce,
lousness. cruel, impiteous (rare).
Antonyms: see belief. Antonyms: see compassionate.
unbelievable, a. incredible, disbelievable unconcealed, a. open, public, overt.
(rare); spec, inconceivable. Antonyms: see hidden.
Antonyms: see believable. uncongenial, a. incongonial (rare), in-
unbeliever, n. disbeliever, infidel (chiefly compatible.

R^" Cross references: see Note. unbending, a.: formal. uncleanly: dirty.
unalterable: constant, un- unbending, n.: relaxation. uncloak: disclose.
changeable. unbiased: impartial. unclose: open.
unambiguous: clear. unbind: free, loose. unclothed: naked.
unaxniable: iUr-iempered. unblemished: intact: unclouded: dear.
unanimated: dull. unbolt: loose. uncombined: free.
unappalled: dauntless. unbounded: unlimited, absolute. uncommon: infrequent, un-
unapproachable: inaccessible. unbrace: loose. usual.
unasked: groundless. unbuckle: loose. uncommunicative: reticent.
unattached: free. unburden: free, disclose. uncomprehending: blind.
unattempted: untried. uncage: free. uncomprehensive: narrow.
unattended: alone. uncalled-for: groundless. uncompromising: unyielding,
unavailing: ineffectual. unceasing: constant. strict. [ferent.
unavowed: hidden. unclad: naked. unconcerned: careless, indif-
unbalanced: unclasp: loose. unconditional: absolute.
unbend: relax. unclean: dirty, indecent. unconflned: free, uninclosed.
tW See Notes of Explanation.
448
 UNDERSTANDING
unconnected, a. 1. separate, disparate, uncultured, a. artless, rural, Philistine;
distinct, disjunct; spec, individual. seeboorish.
2. Referring to knowledge, facts, etc.: un- undeceive, v. i. disiUusion, disabuse, dis-
related, incoherent, scrappy, disjointed, illude (rare), unbefool (rare).
loose. Antonyms: see deceive.
Antonyms: see related. undecidable, a. indeterminable.
unconquerable, a. 1. invincible, indomi- undecided, a. t. uncertain, undeter-
table, unsubduable, irreducible (raire), in- mined, irresolute, unresolved, unsettled;
expugnable. spec, open, pendent, drawn (battle, etc.).
Antonyms: see conquerable. 2. See DOUBTFUL, HESITATING.
2. See IMPREGNABLE. undefended, a. unguarded, unprotected,
unconscious, a. insensible, unaware {ordy guardless, naked (fig.), exposed.
in pred., with "of), ineonscious {rare), in- undefiled, a. 1. See clean.
conscient {rare), nonconscious, incogni- 2. inviolate, unpolluted, unfiled (rare).
zant {rare), brute (literary). undeniable, a. unquestionable, incontest-
Antonyms: see conscious, awake, able, indisputable, incontrovertible, irre-
AWAKE. futable, irrefragable.
uncontrol, n. freedom {contexliud). under, prep, below, beneath, underneath.
uncontrollable, a. ungovernable, incon- Antonyms: see upon.
trollable, unrestrainable, wild spec, ram- underbrush, n. undergrowth, underwood;
;

pant, rampageous; see UNMANAGEABLE. see THICKET.

Antonyms: see manageable. underclothes, n. underwear, undergear
uncontrolled, a. unbridled, unbitted, (colloq.); spec, flannels, underlinen.
reinless, wild, intemperate. undercurrent, n. underset, underflow
unconventional, a. Spec, unofficial, un- (rare); spec, undertow.
accustomed; see INFORMAL. underground, a. subterraneous, subter-
Antonyms: see conventional, custom- ranean, subterrane (rare), subterrestrial
art, STIFF. (rare), catachthonian (rare).
unconvincing, a. weak. underhung, a. Spec, undershot
Antonyms: see convincing, cogent, underlying, a. subjacent (to).
IMPRESSIVE. Antonyms: see incumbent.
uncooked, a. raw. undermine, v. t. 1. mine, sap, underwork
uncorrupted, a. honest, innocent, untar- (rare); spec, honeycomb.
nished, uncorrupt (rare). 2. iSee weaken.
Antonyms: see corrupt. underrate, v. t. depreciate, underestimate,

uncover, v. open, discover, disclose;

t. disparage (rare), extenuate (rare or ar-
spec, undrape, unveil, uncurtain, un- chaic); see UNDERVALUE.
sneathe, disease (archaic). Antonyms: see overrate.
Antonyms: see cover. undersong, re. refrain, bourdon, burdoun,
uncovered, a. open, bare, naked, undis- burden (hist, or rare), faburden (hist.).
guised. understand, v. t. know, comprehend, per-
unotion, n. 1. anointing, aneling (esp. as a ceive, catch, grasp, penetrate, seize, real-
religious rite). izBj sense (colloq), apprehend, conceive,
2. See emotionalism. twig (slang), receive, have, intelligize
unctuous, a. 1. bland, smooth; spec, see (rare), ken (Scot, or obs.), wool (slan^),
EMOTIONAL. tumble to (slang), take (rare); spec, de-
2. smooth (contextual), oily (Jig.), greasy cipher, interpret, construe, follow, fath-
(fig.; contemptvmis). om, bottom.
Antonyms: see harsh. understandable, a. knowable, comprehen-
uncultivated, a. 1. wild, untilled, unre- sible, apprehensible, penetrable, intelligi-
claimed, unhusbanded (rare); spec, fallow. ble, fathomable; spec, interpretable.
2. homely, home-bred, rough, unrefined; understanding, n. knowledge, sense,
spec, uncultured, uncouth. comprehension, conception, perception,

J^" Cross references: see Note. undeoeitful: sincere. underling: subordinate, wretch.
nnoonstralned: easy. undeceivable: infallible. underpin: prop.
unconstralnt: ease. undecipherable: illegible. underpinning: support.
uncontented: discontented. undemonstrative: impassite. underset, n.: undercurrent.
unoontrolled: absolute. under, a.: lower. underset, v. t.: prop.
unconventional: informal. underestimate: underrate. undershot: underhung.
uncouple: disconnect. undergo: suffer, experience, undersign: subscribe.
uncouth: awkward. endure. undersized: dwarf.
uncreated: self-existent undergrowth: underbrush. understanding, a.: intelligent.
undated: dateless. underhanded: hidden, deceit- understanding, n.: intelli-
undaunted: bold. ful, stealthy. gence, agreement.

@° See Notes of Explanation.

449
 .

UNDERSTUDT
head, intellection (yafe or learned); spec. spec, negligee, dishabille or deshabille,
grip, appreciation. mufti.
understudy, n. substitute, devil {colloq. or undressed, a. 1. See crude.
cant). Of stone: unhewn, self-faced (iecft.).
2.
undertake, v. t. accept^ attack, tackle undulate, v. i. 1. Spec, fluctuate (rare),
assume, enterprise (archaic); see
(colloq.), wave, ripple, roU (of prairie land), pulsate,
ATTEMPT, PROMISE, GUAKANTEE, CON- pulse, wimple, crisp, crimp, crimple.
TRACT. 2. See SWING, BILLOW.
Antonyms: see avoid. undulate, v. t. agitate; spec, wave, crin-
undertaker, n. Spec, projector, entre- kle, ripple, roll.
preneur (French); see contractor. undulating, a. undulous, fluctuant; spec.
undertaking, n. enterprise, emprise (ar- rolling, rippling, wavy; see billowy,
chaic), affair, assumption, venture, con- SINUOUS.
tract (spec, or slang); see attempt, undulation, n. 1. agitation, wave, biUow
gtjarantt. (chiefly spec.), rollmg; spec, crispation,
undervalue, v. t. underrate, deconsidcr pulsation, pulse.
(rare), underprize, depreciate, disappre- 2. See SINUOSITY, swing.
ciate (rare), misprize, underestimate. undulatory, a. wavy, rolling, rippling,
Antonyms: see overrate. ripply, crinkly.
underwater, a. subaqueous (learned or undutiful, a. dutiless (rare), remiss; spec.
tech.); spec,submarine. disobedient.
underworld, n. 1. antipodes (pi.; learned) Antonyms: see obedient.
2. See HELL. uneasiness, a. restlessness, unrest, un-
undeserving, a. deserveless (rare), un- quiet, unquietness, unrestingness (rare),
worthy, desertless, indign (archaic). intranquillity (rare), inquietude, disquiet,
undeveloped, a. Spec, rudimentary, em- unrestfulness (rare), dispeace (chiefly
bryonal, rude, embryonary, embryonic, Scot); spec, irnpatience, impatiency
primordial, perennial, immature, un- (rare), fidgetiness, fidgets (coUoq.), pertur-
baked. bation, agitation, discomposure; see dis-
undevelopment, n. immaturity. comfort.
undignified, a. behttling, mean; spec, de- uneasy, a. 1. restless, unreposing (rare),
grading. unresting, disturbed, inquiet (rare); per-
Antonyms: see dignified. turbed, disquieted, discomposed; spec.
undiscriminating, a. indiscriminate, in- queasy, sleepless, twitchy, impatient, ex-
discriminative, promiscuous. cited, fidgety, feverish.
undisputed, unquestioned, uncontro-
a. Antonyms: see calm, composed, patient.
verted, uncontested. 2. iSee distressing, difficult, agitated.
undissolvable, a. irresoluble, insoluble, uneatable, a. inedible, inesculent (learned
insolvable (rare). or formal).
undisturbed, a. 1. sound, unmolested. Antonyms: see eatable.
2. See CALM. uneducated, ignorant, untaught, illit-
a.
undo, V. t. 1. Spec, unknit, unrip, imtie, erate, letterless (rare); spec, untutored,
unplait, unpick, unhook, unlace, unbut- untrained.
ton, unspin, unwork (rare), unweave, Antonyms: see educated.
untuck, un wreathe (rare), unmake. unemotional, a. cold, cool, apathetic,
2. See OPEN, INVALIDATE, RUIN. icy, dry (chiefly spec), impassive, unim-
undress, v. i. unrobe, unclothe, disrobe passioned.
(literary, formal, or affected), devest (obs. Antonyms: see demonstrative, effu-
or rare) disease (archaic), unapparel
J sive.
(rare), disarray (literary); spec, disgown; unemployed, a. idle; spec, loafing.
see STRIP. Antonyms: see industrious.
Antonyms: see dress. unemployment, n. idleness, nonemploy-
undress, v. t. disrobe, strip (coUoq.), peel ment; spec, loafing.
(slang), unattire (rare). unengaged, a. 1. unemployed; spec.
Antonyms: see dress. briefless (law).
undress, n. disarray (literary or formal); 2. free, heart-whole.

tW Cross references: see Note. undisolpllned: inexperienced. undue: impr6per, excessive.

undertow: current. undiscovered: hidden. undying: immorUil. endless.
underworld, a.; infernal. undisguised: frank. unearth: disinter, disdose, ex-
underwrite: subseribe. undismayed: courageous. pose.
undeviating: constant. undisputed: unquestioned. unearthly: supernatural.
undiluted: crude. undistinguished: commonplace. unembarrassed: easy.
undlscerning: blind. undoubted: unquestioned. unending: endless.
fS" See Notes of Explanation.
450
 UNFORTUNATE
unequal, a. incqual {rare), disparate, in- Antonyms: see constant.
adequative. unfamiliar, a. strange, novel, new, unac-
ArUonyms: see uniform. quainted, inconversant; spec, outlandish,
unequaled, a. fellowless (rare), match- bizarre.
less, inimitable, unparalleled, unpeered Antonyms: see familiar, common.
(rare), unexampled, unpattemed (rare), unfasten, v. loose, unloose, loosen, un-
t.

nonpareil, peerless, incomparable, tran- loosen (rare); spec, unscrew, unbind, im-
scendent, unmatched (rare), unique, un- hitch, unhasp, unpin, dLsglue, untack, un-
rivaled, unapproached; spec, unmatch- lace, unspar (rare), unclasp, unfix, unlink.
able (rare). Antonym.s: see fasten.
unerring, a. 1. See mPALLiBLE. unfathomable, a. 1. bottomless, sound-
2. accurate, sure, inerrant (rare); spec. less, unplumbed (rare).
dead (shot, etc.). 2. See UNINTELLIGIBLE.
unesoapable, a. ineludible (literary), in- unfavorable, o. unfriendly, sinister, ad-
evitable, inevasible (rare), inescapable verse, disadvantageous; spec, ill, inaus-
(rare), unavoidable; spec, unexcludible picious, unlucky, indisposed, foul, con-
(rare), inexcusable (rare). trary; see inauspicious.
unessential, a. 1. meaningless, pithless. Antonyms: see favorable.
2. dispensable; see ttnnecessaby. unfeeling, a. merciless, pitiless, unpitif ul
uneven, a. rough (contextual), tumbly, (rare), unmerciful, hard, hard-hearted,
variable, lumpy, stony, cuppy, pitted, cold, cold-blooded, cold-hearted, obdu-
hilly, holey, broken. rate (literary or learned), careless, heart-
Antonyms: see even, uniform, plain. less, soulless, inhuman, inhumane (rare),
2. Of numbers: odd. dispiteous (literary), granitic (fi^.; rare),
uneventful, a. smooth, eventless. unimpressionable, caUous, incompassion-
Antonyms: see eventptil. ate (rare), rocky (fig.), stony, marbly
unezaggerated, a. true, real; spec, cool (fig.), marble (fi^.), flinty (fi.g.), bloodless,
(colloq.; as in "he has a cool million"). dispassionate, iron (Jig.), bowelless; spec.
unexcitable, a. imperturbable, calm. hoUow, emotionless, relentless, adaman-
Antonyms: see excitable. tine,empty; see senseless, insensible,
unexhausted, a. inexhausted (rare); see CRUEL, DULL.
FRESH. Antonyms: see kindly, merciful, com-
unexpected, a. sudden, unlooked-for, un- passionate.
foreseen. unfinished, a. crude, incomplete, incon-
unexperienced, a. 1. See inexperienced. dite (rare); spec, raw, sketchy, inelegant;
2. untasted, uiifelt. seeROUGH.
unexplainable, a. insoluble, inexplicable, Antonyms: see finished.
unaccountable, inexplainable (rare); spec. unfitness, n. unsuitability, disqualifica-
sphinxlike (fy.). tion; spec. ineligibiUty, disability.
unexplodcd, a. live. unfold, V. t. open, undo, display (rare or
unexposed, protected,
a. unobnoxious spec), unroll, evolve (chiefly literary), ex-
(rare); spec, see safe. pand; spec, undouble (rare), spread, unfurl,
Antonyms: see exposed, unprotected. disinvolve (rare), separate; see develop.
unexpressed, a. unworded (rare); spec. Antonyms: see fold, close, shut, wrap.
unwritten, unsaid. unfolding, n. Spec, evolution, disclosure,
unfading, a. fast, fadeless, immarcesci- display; see development.
ble (rare), amaranthine (literary), permar unforeseeable, a. incalculable, unfore-
nent. knowable.
unfailing, a. t. infallible. unforgiving, a. implacable, unrelenting,
2. See RELIABLE. inexorable, unappeasable; spec rancorous,
unfair, a. inequitable, unjust, oblique (lit- merciless, pitiless; see relentless.
erary or rare), unequal; spec, foul; see Antonyms: see, forgiving.
PARTIAL. unfortunate, a. ill, unlucky, disastrous,
Antonyms: see impartial. destructive, ruinous, fatal (hjperbnlical),
unfaithful, o. faithless, recreant, dishon- hapless (archaic or literary), ill-starred;
est, derelict (rare), unleal, illoyal (rare), spec, fortuneless, misfortunate (now chief-
false, untrue, disloyal (now chiefly spec), ly Scot. & dial. U. S.), luckless, e\'il, un-
untrusty (rare), perfidious. successful.

f3^ Cross references: see Note. unladed; fresh. unfit, a.: improper.
unequiTooal: definite. unfearlul: courageous. unfit, V. t: disable, disqualify.
unexpressible: inexpressible. unfeigned: sincere. unfix: unfasten, loose, detach.
unezptessive: blank. unfetter: free. unfold, V. i.: develop, disclose.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

451
 UNFOUNDED
Antonyms: see fortunate, prosperous. unhealthful, a. unwholesome, insalubri-
unfounded, a. proofless, unevidenced ; see ous, healthless, insanitary.
GROUNDLESS. Antonyms: see healthful,
sanitary.
Antonyms: see well-founded. unhealthy, a. ailing, morbid, sickly, in-
unfrequented, a. solitary, desolate, des- salubrious, healthless (rare), morbose
ert, deserted, forsaken, abandoned, lonely, (rare), valetudinarian.
lone {archaic or 'poetic), lonesome; spec. Antonyms: see healthy.
uninhabited; see uninhabited, lonely. unheeded, a. unobserved, unregarded;
unfriendliness, n. hostility. spec, ignored.
unfriendly, a. hostile, inimical, ill-af- unholy, a. 1. unsanctified, profane; see
fected {rare), enemy {rare, exc. spec), op- unhallowed.
posed (contextual), indisposed. 2. ungodly, godless, impious; see irre-
Antonyms: see friendly. ligious.
unfurnished, a. bare, naked, unequipped, Antonyms: see hallowed.
ungamished. unhorse, v. t. Spec, throw, unsaddle, buck;
ungallant, a. unchivalrous, uncbiTalric; see dismount.
spec, caitiff. uniform, a. equal (rare as to physical
Antonyms: see brave, polite. things, and then equivalent to "equable"),
ungentlemanly, a. uncivil, impolite, steady, constant, even, smooth, equable
coarse; see boorish. (archaic of temper, mind, etc.), unvarying,
Antonyms: see polite. regular, same, dead, plain, level; spec, flat,
ungirt, a. zoneless, unzoned (rare), un- unbroken (color), measured, solid, imdi-
cinctured, discinct (rare). versified, jog-t.rot, pure, self, undeviating,
ungovernable, u. unruly, imcontroUable, homogeneous, correspondent; see even.
unmanageable. Antonyms: see varied, unequal, un-
ungoverned, a. 1. unbridled, uncontrolled. even, DIVERSIFIED, MULTIFORM, VARIE-
2. See ANARCHICAL. GATED.
ungrateful, a. ingrate (literary), unthank- uniform, n. livery, regimentals (pi.; spec,
ful, thankless. or fig.); see costume.
Antonyms: see thankful. uniformed, a. Spec, liveried.
unguarded, a. unwatched, uncared-for; uniformity, n. constancy (which see),
spec, blind (side). evenness, regularity, sameness; spec.
unhallowed, profane, unsanctified, un-
a. steadiness, monotony, homogeneity, ho-
baptized (spec, or fig.). mogeneousness, unity.
Antonyms: see hallowed. Antonyms: see variety, diversity.
unhappy, miserable, wretched, sad,
a. 1. unimaginable, a. inconceivable, un-
infelicitous (literary or formal), disconso- thinkable, impossible.
late, unblessed unbUssful (rare),
(rare), Antonyms: see thinkable.
unjoyful, joyless; spec, heartsick, incon- unimaginative, a. prosaic, unromantic,
solable, dismal. fancUess (rare); see mattbr-op-pact.
Antonyms: see happy. Antonyms: see imaginative, fanciful.
2. iSee CALAMITOUS. unimpassioned, a. cold, passionless, dis-
unharmed, a. uninjured, unhurt, safe, passionate, bloodless (slang or colloq.),
scatheless, immune, scotfree, harmless cold-blooded; see unemotional, calm.
(rare). Antonyms: see excited, angry.
unharness, v. t. 1. unrope (local V. S.), unimportant, a. immaterial, inconse-
untackle (rare), imhitch; spec, outspan quent (rare), inconsiderable, insignificant,
(So. African), unsaddle. hght, inconsequential^ slight; spec, ines-
Antonyms: see harness. sential, petty, small, inferior, inapprecia-
2. See LOOSE. ble, meaningless, minor, indifferent, im-
unhealth, n. infirmity, morbidity (rare), momentous (rare), nonessential.
sickness, cacochymy (med.; used by the Antonyms: see important, flagrant,
old humorists), feeblesse (archaic), vale- great.
tudinarianism; spec, disease. uninclosed, a. open; spec, fenceless.
Antonyms: see health. Antonyms: see confined.

t^^ Cross references: see Note. ungracious, a.: impolite, of' unhandy: dumay.
unfruitful: barren, unprodlto fensive. unbearable: inaudible.
tive. ungratefulness: ingratitude. unheedful: careless, disregard'
unfunded: Jloating, unguent: ointment, ful.
ungainly: awkward. unguiform: hook-shaped. unhinge: derange, unseat.
ungenlal: inclement. unguinous: fat. unify: unite.
ungentle: rough. unhair: depilate. unimpressionable: impas-
ungraceful: awkward, clumsy . unhandsome: homely.

K^^ See Notes of Explanation.

452
 UNIVERSAL
uninfluenced, a. unswayed; spec, see unit, n. one, unity, monad (chiefly tech.
IMPABTtAL. and spec), monas (rare); spec, item, in-
unlnlormed, a. 1. unapprised, ignorant. teger, module, standard, point.
2. See IGNORANT. unitary, a. monadic, monadical;— ho/A
uninhabitable, a. imtenantable, unliv- tech. or learned.
able. unite, V. i. 1. combine, join, conjoin; spec.
Antonyms: see habitable. connect, incorporate, couple, marry (fig.),
uninhabited, a. unfrequented, lifeleRS, inosculate, interosculate, fuse, cement,
desolate, desert (now rare), unsettled, consubstantiate, consoUdate, blend, in-
peoplele.ss (rare); spec, wastej abandoned. terlace (chiefly fig.), anastomose, coa-
uninjured, a. whole, unprejudiced; see lesce, conjugate, syncretize (rare), solid-
SOUND, INTACT. ify, regelate, agglutin£^te; see join.
unintelligent, a. unapprehensive (rare), Antonyms: see disunite.
mindless {rare); spec, impenetrable; see 2. combine, coalize (rare or tech.),
join,
STUPID. solidify (fi^.), league, confederate, feder-
Antonyms: see intelligent, clever. ate, consolidate, inone (rare); spec, ally,
unintelligible, a. inexplicable, inscruta- interleague (rare), pair, couple, mate,
ble, unfathomable, fathomless, blind, in- fraternize, harmonize, mass, center, club,
conceivable, incomprehensible, hidden. wed (fig.), amalgamate; see aissociate,
Antonyms: see intelligible, clear. MARRY.
unintentional, a. unmeant (rare), inde- Antonyms: see break, divide.
liberate (rare), undesigned, inadvertent, unite, V. t. 1. combine, join, conjoin (rare
spontaneous, unpremeditated. or formal, or intensive); spec, connect,
Antonyms: see intentional. couple, incorporate, concentrate, con-
uninteiTupted, a. continuous, unbroken, flate (learned or literary), marry (fig.),
solid. fuse, aggregate, cement, consolidate, cen-
uninteresting, a. dry, dreary, dreari- ter, unify, solidify, lump, dovetail, agglu-
some, arid, barren, flat, jejune; spec. tinate; see add, attach.
featureless, dry-as-dust, tasteless; see Antonyms: see disunite, comminute,
DULL, insipid. divide.
Antonyms: see interesting. 2. combine, join, conjoin (rare or env-
uninvited, a. unasked, unbidden, un- phatic); spec, ally, solidify, league, con-
called. federate, federate, harmomze, mass, amal-
union, n. 1. Referring to the act or action: gamate; see associate, marry.
uniting, joining, interunion (rare), uni- Antonyms: sec disunite.
tion (rare); spec, conjunction, conjimc- united, a. 1. combined, joined, consoU-
ture, connection, fusion, combination, in- date ofr consolidated, conjunct (rare or
corporation, consolidation, coalescence, emphatic), conjoint (rare or emphatic);
inosculation; see attachment. spec, connected, conjunctive, attached,
Antonyms: see division. indiscrete (literary), conjugate, connate.
2. See coupling. Antonyms: see divided.
3. Referring to a vital process, as of 2. combined, joined, conjoint (rare or
growth: spec, conjugation, fusion, sym- emphatic); spec, federal, confederate, al-
physis, inosculation, synartesis (rare), Ued, leagued, amalgamated (Jig.), cor-
synosteosis, ankylosis, coossification, syni- porate.
zesis, synechia. uniting, a. 1. combinatory, conjunctive;
4. association (contextual), federacy, alli- spec, concrescive, connective (rare), ad-
ance, confederacy (usually a looser or more ditive, coalescent.
temporary union than a confederation"), 2. federative, confederative, incorpora-
coalition (especially in politics); spec. tive, coalescent (rare).
ZoUverein (Ger.), guild, craft, trade unity, n. I. oneness, singleness, undivided-
union or (for short) union; see associa- ness, indivision (rare); spec, compages
tion, MARRIAGE. (often fig.; literary or tech.); see sameness.
uiaque, a. singular, only, sole, single 2. oneness, singleness, harmony, concord,
(rare). solidarity.
unison, n. unisonance, homophony (rrnt-
universal, a. 1. cosmic or cosmical; see
sic, tech.); see harmony. GENERAL, COSMIC.
unisonous, a. unisohant, unisonal (rare),Antonyrns: see local.
unison (rare), homophonic or homopho- 2. catholic, ecumenical or oecumenical.
nous (tech.). S. Spec, pandemic, encyclopedic.

fS" Cross r^ennees: see Note. | nnlntermltted: constant. uninviting; repellent.

30 tS" See Notes ot Explanation.

453
 UNIVERSE
uniTerse, n. world, creation, cosmos (liter- unmake, v. t. 1. uncreate, unfonn; see

an/ or tech.), system, nature; spec, mac- annihilate.

rocosm, megacosm. Antonyms: see create.
unjolnted, a. inarticulate, inarticulated; 2. See invalidate.
spec, unhinged. unman, v. t. 1. Spec, disgarrison.
unjust, a. unwarranted, unrighteous, un- 3. See emasculate.
right (archaic), unequal, unrightful (rare), unmanageable, a. difficult, wieldless
ill, inequitable, iniquitous (chiefly inten- (rare), unworkable (rare), unwieldy; see
ungovernable .

Antonyms: see just. Antonyms: see manageable.

unjustifiable, a. unwarrantable, inexcus- unmannerly, a. ill-mannered, manner-
able. less, ill-bred; spec, caddish, rude, rustic.
unkempt, o. disordered, disarranged, di- Antonyms: see polite.
sheveled, shaggy; see disheveled, slov- unmarked, a. blank.
enly. unmarried, a. single, celibate (chiefly
unkind, unfeeling, hard-hearted; spec.
o. tech. or literary), lone (only of women in
Eitiless, merciless, harsh, cruel, atrocious, nwck pathos), unwed (literary); spec, wife-
rutal, ferocious, savage, inhuman, bar- less, husbandless, discovert (law).
barous; see ILL-NATURED. Antonyms' see married.
Antonyms: see kind. unmentionable, a. indescribable; spec.
unklndness, n. unfeelingness, etc.; spec. ineffable.
cruelty, atrociousness, atrocity, brutality, unmentioned, a. unnamed, nameless, un-
ferocity, inhumanity, barbarity, etc. touched.
Antonyms: see kindness, mercy. unmitigated, a. unredeemed, unrelieved,
unknown,- a. imascertained, hidden, un- stark, perfect, utter, absolute, sheer, mere.
beknown (coUoq.), undiscovered, dark; unmixed, a. pure, unmingled, straight
spec, untold, incognita (fem.), incognito (slang), sheer, solid, clear, unalloyed,
(muse); see anonymotts, obscure. simple.
unknown, n. incognita (fem.), incognito unmoral, a. nonmoral.
(masc.) terrsE filius (Latin); see stranger.
, unmusical, a. rude, musicless (rare).
unladen, a. disburdened, light. Antonyms: musical. see
unlamented, a. unmoaned, unmourned; unmutilated, a. immutilate (rare), un-
unwept.
spec, maimed.
unlawful, a. illegal, illegitimate, illicit; unnamed, a. 1. innominate (rare or tech.).
spec, unconstitutional. 2.See unmentioned, anonymous.
Antonyms: see lawful. unnatural, a. nonnatural, foreign, ab-
unless, prep, except. normal, prodigious (rare); spec, preter-
unlimited, a. boimdless, limitless, illimit- natural, contranatural, subtematural, sub-
able, unbounded, iUimited (rare), indefi- natural, cataphysical (rare), infranatural;
nite, absolute; spec, unconfined, confine- see monstrous, artificial, affected.
less; see infinite, endless. Antonyms: see natural.
Antonyms: see confined. unnecessary, a. needless, inessential, su-
unload, v. t. & i. discharge (more formal perfluous, dispensable, supererogatory,
than "unload"), disburden or (archaic) spare, unneedful (rare), supervacaneous
disburthen, disemburden or disemburthen (rare).
(both rare), disload (rare), unlade (rare), Antonyms: see necessary.
disencumber, discumber (rare), off-load unnerved, a. upset (colloq.); spec, flighty.
(South Africa); spec, unship, empty, u^noticeable, a. inconspicuous, unob-
dump. servable, unobtrusive, inobservable.
Antonyms: see encumber. Antonyms: see conspicuous.
unlucky, a. 1. unhappy, unfortunate, mis- unnoticed, a. unobserved, unnoted, un-
chanceful (poetic or rare), mischancy perceived, unremarked, noteless (rare).
(chiefly Scot?), misadventurous. unobjectionable, a. inoffensive, unexcep-
Antonyms: see fortunate. tionable.
2. See inauspicious. Antonyms: see offensive.
1^" Crossreferences: see Note. unlikeness: difference. unmeltable: refractory.
university: school. unloaded: empty. unmerchantable: unsalable.
unkindly: maligrtant. unloose; loose. unmindful: careless, forgetful,
unknowing; ignorant. unlovely, a.: homely, unpleas- inattentive.
unlash: loose. ant, ill-tempered. unmistakable: emdent.
unlearn: forget. unmeaning: meaningless, ex- unmoved: constant, insensi-
unlearned: ignorant. pressionless. ble.
unlike: different. unmeasured: infinite. unneighborly: distant.
unlikely: improbable. unmelodious: harsh. unnutritious: innutritious.

IS" See Notes ol Explanation.

454
 UNREFLECTING
unobservant, a. careless, disregardful, unprofitable, a. profitless, bootless, un-
unobserving, inobservant; see careless, benefieial (rare), ungainful (rare).
INATTENTIVE. Antonyms: see profitable.
Antonyms: see attentive, careful. unprogressive, a. improgressive, back-
unobstruoted, a. open, fair, clear, free. ward; spec, vegetative (fig.), stagnant;
unoooupled, a. 1. vacant, unpossessed; spec, see conservative.
spec, tenantless. unpromising, a. unlikely.
2. See IDLE. Antonyms: see promising.
unpaid, a. Spec, unsatisfied, unsalaried, unprotected, a. defenseless, naked, fence-
unfeed, feeleas, unsettled. less (rare), unfenced (obs. or spec); spec.
unpalatable, a. distasteful, untoothsome unguarded.
(rare); spec, bitter, sour, etc. Antonyms: see unexposed.
Antonyms: see palatable. unprovable, a. tmdemonstrable, indemon-
unpardonable, a. unforgivable, irremis- strable.
sible (rare), inexcusable. unproved, a. unauthenticated.
Antonyms: see EXcnsABLE. unpunished, a. scatheless (chiefly liter-
unperoeivable, a. incofijnizable; spec, un- ary), immune.
seeable, intangible, indiscernible. unqualified, a. 1. straight, outright, out-
Antonyms: see perceptible. and-out, thoroughgoing; see thorough,
unpleasant, a. displeasing, bad, unpleas- absolute.
ing, distasteful, offensive, unlovely, dis- Antonyms: see limited.
agreeable, pesky (colloq. or dial.; U. S.), 2. &q\iaii&ed (less general than "un^uali-
displacent (rare), unagreeable (rare); fiM"), unsuited, unfit, ineligible (legally
spec, indelectable (rare), nasty, brackish disqualified).
'

(fig.), ungracious, disgustful, sickening, Antonyms: see qualified.

jarring (spec, or ^.), noisome; see offen- unquestionable, a. indubitable, sure, in-
sive. disputable, questionless, unimpugnable
Antonyms: see pleasant. (rare), certain, dead (as in dead cer-
unpleasantness, n. 1. displeasure, dis- tainty"); see undeniable.
agreeableness; spec, noisomeness, jarring- Antonyms: see ambiguous, conjectural,
ness (spec, or fig.; rare), insuavity (rare), disputable, questionable.
surliness. unquestioned, a. undoubted, undisputed.
2. time (as in "to make a time about a unquestioning, a. implicit, sure.
thing"), stink (slang; vulgar). unquiet, a. unpeaceful, disquiet (rare),
unpoUshed, a. 1. See rottgh. inquiet (rare), peaceless; spec, unquies-
2. rude, ill-bred, crude; spec, cubbish; cent; see restless.
seeCOARSE. Antonyms: see agitated.
Antonyms: see refined. unravel, v. t. 1. ravel, unweave; spec.
unprecedented, a. unexampled. feaze; see disentangle.
unpretentious, a. modest, simple, unas- Antonyms: see entangle.
suming; spec, unambitious, nomelike, 2. See develop, explain.
homely. unreal, a. illusionary, Ulusory. imaginary,
Antonyms: see assuming. fictitious, shadowy, aerial (fig.); spec.
unprincipled, a. Spec, dishonest, crooked fanciful, spectral, dreamlike; see unsub-
(coUoq.), fraudulent, thievish, rascally, stantial.
scampish, roguish, lawless; Antonyms: see actual.
see aban-
doned. unreasoning, a. irrational, unthinking,
Antonyms: see upright, conscientious, brutal, brute, brutish, animal, unreason-
SCRUPULOUS. able (rare).
unproductive, a. 1. fniitless, unfruitful, Antonyms: see rational.
sapless, dead, poor, waste; see barren. unrefined, a. 1. rude, gross, rough, coarse,
Antonyms: see fruitful. inelegant, unpolished, vulgar, rustic,
2. futile, barren, nugatory, otiose (rare); rural, uncultivated, uncultured, incult
spec, see ineffectual. (rare), Gothic C^.), common, vulgate
Antonyms: see effective. (rare); spec, rugged, Doric; see low.

t^ Cross references: see Note. unpeople: depopulate. unproportlonate: dispropor-

unobservable: unnoticeable. unpeTCelYlng: blind. tionate.
unobtrusive: modest. nnperformed: unsatisfied. unquenchable: inextinguish^
unofficial: informal. unperturbed: calm. able.
unorganized: Btructurdesa, in- unpin: loose. unready: slow.
organic. unprejudiced: impartial. unreality: illusion.
unostentatious: modest. unpresumptuous: modest. unreasonable: iUogicai, ex-
unpack: loose. unpretending: modest. cessive, unreasoning.
unpasslonate: impartial, calm. unpropltlous: inauspicious. unreflecting: thoughttess.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

455
 .

VNREGENERATE
Antonyms: see repined. 2. Spec, unperformed, undischarged, un-
2. See CRUDE. rendered, impaid.
unregenerate, a. natural, irregenerate unsatisfying, a. empty, hungry (of fare,
(rare) food, etc.; rare).
unrelated, a. irrelative, irrelate unscalable, a. insurmountable.
(rare),
disrelated, foreign, alien, remote, apart unscholarly, a. ignorant, illiterate, illib-

(predicative; used with "from,"). eral, bookless (literary).

Antonyms: see kindred, related. Antonyms: see learned.
unreliable, unsure, uncertain, ticklish,
a. unseat, v. t. Spec, unship, unhin ge, un-
fallible (liable to error); spec, treacher- hook.
ous, inconstant, inauthentic; see un- unselfish, a. self-sacrificing, self-forgetful,
TRtrSTWORTHT, UNSTABLE. disinterested, altruistic, selfless, self-re-
Antonyms: see constant, reliable, nounced, generous.
TRUSTWORTHY. Antonyms: see selfish, egoistic.
unremovable, a. ineradicable, inextirp- unsettle, v. t. 1. disarrange, disturb, dis-
able, inerasable. settle (rare), upset; spec, unstring, un-
unrequited, o. unreturned, unanswered. hinge.
unresisting, a. nonresistive, nonresistant, Antonyms: see fix.
yielding, resistless; spec, frictionless. 2. See DERANGE.
unrest, n. disquiet, disquietude. unsettled,
a. 1. indeterminate, unfixed;
Antonyms: see motionlbssness; troubled, imnerved, afloat;
cf. spec, see
motionless. SHIFTING.
unrestrainable, a. irrestrainable (rare), 2. Spec, pendent, pendant, pending, out-
irrepressible. standing, unpaid.
unrestrained, a. 1. untrammeled, un- unsliaped, a. unfashioned, unformed.
bounded, unbridled, unchecked, un- unsheathe, v. t. bare.
curbed: spec, imconfined, fetterless, un- unsheathed, a. bare, naked.
fettered; see free. unshorn, a. uncut, rough, shaggy.
Antonyms: see careful. unskilled, a. inexpert, rough, rude (ar-
2. incontinent, broad, wanton, inordi- chaic), unversed.
nate, licentious (rare), lawless, lax, loose, unskillful, unskilful, a. skilless, bun-
effuse (archaic), wild, rampant, reinless; gUng, clumsy, poor, iU, inapt; spec, un-
spec. riilelesB. practiced.
unripe, a. immature, crude. Antonyms: see clever, skillful.
Antonyms: see ripe. unsociability, n. reserve, aloofness, un-
unroll, V. t. open, outroll (rare). socialism (rare), unsociality (rare).
Antonyms: see roll. unsociable, a. Spec, reserved, distant, re-
Unruly, a. 1. obstreperous, unmanageable, tiring, shy, dissociable, insociable, insocial,
wanton, insubordinate, fractious, re- segregative (rare), morose, sour.
fractory, rowdy (rare), breachy (of Antonyms: see sociable.
cattle). unsoivable, a. insoluble, insolvable, irre-
Ardtmytns: see manageable. soluble (rare).
2. See LAWLESS, disobedient. Antonyms: see simple.
unsafe, a. insecure, precarious, uncertain; unspoken, a. tacit.
spec, treacherous. unstable, a. changeable, inconstant, in-
Antonyms: see safe. firm, instable variable, fluctu-
(rare),
unsalable, a. dead, unmarketable, un- ant (fig.), wavering or spec); spec.
(fig.
merchantable. fluid, labile, crank, tender, topheavy.
Antonyms: see balable. Antonyms: see constant.
unsatisfiable, a. insatiable, insatiate. unsteady, a. 1. In a physical sense: vacil-
unsatisOed, a. 1. insatiate, unstanched lating, tottery, shaky, tottiish (colloq.),
(rare). ticklish, tipply (colloq!), wavery, wabbly,
Antonyms: see surfeited. drunken (fig.), rocky (slang), coggly (col-

t^ Cross references: see Note. unscrew: loose. unsolicited: groundless.

unrelenting: relentless. unseemly: unbecoming. unsophisticated: simple.
unremtttlng: constant. unsentimental: matier-of-facl. unsophisticatiou: inexperience.
unrepair: disrepair. unshaokle: loose. unsought: groundless.
unreserved: frank, absolute, unshakable: ji3xd. unsound: diseased, deranged,
demonstrative, affable. unshaken: constant. decayed, incorrect, imperfect.
unriddla: explain. unsheltered: exposed. unsparing: severe.
unruffled: calm. unship: displace. unspeakable: inexpressible.
unsancttfled: unhaUowed. unshod: barefoot. unspiritual: bodily.
unsavory: offensive. unsightly: repdUnU. unstableness: instabUitu.
unsay: recaU. unsoiled: unsteadiness: inshibiM^.

US' See Notes of Explanation.

456
 UNTRUTHFUL
tog.)/ spec, unballasted, wayward, falter- unteachable, a. ineducable (rare or liter-
ine,jumpy. ary).
Antonyms: see firm. Antonyms: see teachable.
2. wavering, fluctuating, trembling, shift- unthinkable, a. inconceivable, insuppos-
ing, desultory. able, incogitable (rare or learned).
Antonyms: see constant, firm. Antonyms: see thinkable.
8. See RESTLESS. unthinking, a. incogitative (tech.), in-
unstinted, a. abundant {contexttud), cogitant (learned); spec, mechanical, auto-
matic; see UNREASONING, THOUGHTLESS
prodigal, profuse, profusive {rare), lavish;
see ABOTINBING. careless.
Ardonyms: see scanty. Antonyms: see thinking, thoughtful.
unsubdued, a. unbowed, untamed, un- untidy, a. Spec, dowdy, frumpy, slat-
broken. ternly, mussy (U. S.), mussed (U. S.)-
Antonyms: see subdued. Uttery, disorderly, helter-skelter; spec, see
unsubmissive, a. insubmissive, unruly, SLOVENLY.
ungovernable; see disobedient. Antonyms: see orderly.
Antonyms: see submissive. untie, V. t. Spec, unknit (rare), unknot;
unsubstantial, a. 1. bodiless, slight, insub- see loose.
stantial, unsoUd (rare), nonsubstantial; until, prep. & conj. till (less formal than
spec, gaseous, imponderable, thin, paste- "until"); spec. to.
board; see slight, flimsy. untimely, a. unsuitable (contextual), in-
Antonyms: see massive. opportune, ill-timed, ill-placed, unseason-
2. tenuous, vague, flimsy, vaporous, able, timeless (rare), intempestive (rare);
windy, airy, frothy, vain, shallow, spec, immature, premature, late, incon-
yeasty, fungous C^.), mushroom C^.), venient.
moonshiny (colloql), dreamlike (fig.); Antonyms: see timely, appropriate,
spec, unreal; see empty. proper.
unsuccess, n. insuccess (rare); see fail- untiring, a. indefatigable, unfatigueable,
ure. unweariable, fatigueless, unwearied, tire-
unsuccessful, a. 1. unprosperous, thrive- less, unwearying; spec, unremitting, unre-
less (poetic); see unfortunate. laxing.
Antonyms: see prosperous, fortunate. untrained, a. raw, green; spec, unbroken,
2. See ineffectual. unbacked (of colts).
unsuitable, a. 1. ill-adapted, improper, Antonynis: see trained.
unbeseeming, inapplicable, dissuitable untried, a. virgin (fig.), maiden (fig.), un-
(rare), unchancy (chiefly Scot.), inappro- tested, unassayed (rare), unattempted;
priate, malappropriate (rare), malapro- see inexperienced.
pos, infelicitous, misappropriate, unbe- .4.ntonyms: see tried.
coming, inapt, unapt, bad, inapposite, untrodden, a. untrod, unbeaten.
impertinent, inept (rare or archaic), in- untrue, a. inaccurate, wrong, false; see
congruent, incongruous. ERRONEOUS, INCORRECT.
Antonyms: see agreeable, appropri- Antonyms: see true, correct.
ate, becoming. untrustworthy, a. unreliable, slippery;
2. See UNTIMELY. see DISHONEST, unreliable.
unsullied, u. 1. See INTACT. Antonyms: see trustworthy, reliable.
2. spotless, immaculate. untruth, n. 1. See incorrectness, error.
Antonyms: see sullied; c/. sully. 2. fabrication, fudge (colloq.), deceit, fa-
unsupported, a. Spec, unbacked, naked. ble, falsehood, tale, story (colloq. and
unsuspected, a. unguessed, undoubted. euphemistic)^ cog (obs.), rapper (chiefly
Antonyms: see known. dial.), taradiddle or tarradiddle (slang or
unsuspicious, a. unsuspecting, simple, colloq.), he; spec, mistake (often euphe-
undoubtful (rare); «ee trustful. mistic), imposture, fib (often euphemistic),
Antonyms: see suspicious, distrust- flam; see lie.
ful. Antonyms: see truth.
unsystematio, a. disorderly, planless untruthful, a. false, unveracious, lying,
(rare); spec, haphazard. faithless, inveracious.
Antonyms: see orderly. Antonyms: see truthful.
1^" Cross refetences; see Note. unsymmetry; dissymmetry. nnthankfulness: ingratitude.
unstlob: loose. untangle: disentangle, explain. untold: incalculable.
unstring: loose. untanned: crude. untoward: perverse.
unsultabiUty: unfitness. untenable: indefensible. untraznmeled: free.
unswear: abjure. untether: loose. untransferable: inalienable.
unswerrlng: constant. unthankful: ungm^ul. untroubled: careless, calm.

t3° See Notes of Explanation.

457
 UNTRUTHFULNESS
untruthfulness, n. 1. falsehood, hoUow- unyielding, a. 1. Spec, immovable, un-
ness. bending, adamantine (fig.), inductile;
2. falsehood, fibbery, lying, leasing {ar- spec, see rigid.
chaic), unveracity, inveracity. Antonyms: see yielding, ductiblb.
untwist, V. t. disentwine, untwine; spec. 2. indomitable, immovable, grim, inflex-
unlay (a rope), unwreathe. ible, obdurate (literary or learned), inexo-
Antonyms: see twist. rable, relentless, uncompromising, hard,
unused, a. Spec, virgin (fig.), maiden (Jig.), stiff (fi^.), rigid, rocky (fi^.), stony, iron
idle, waste, disused. (fi^.),
spec, un-
steel (fig), steely (fig.);
Antonyms: see used. conquerable, incoercible, stubborn; see
unusual, a. abnormal, exceptional, ex- STERN, TENACIOUS, STRICT, OBSTINATE.
traordinary, uncommon, out-of-the-way, Antonyms: see yielding, adaptable,
unordinary (rare), inusitate (rare), un- COMPELLABLE, COMPLAISANT.
wonted, unaccustomed, especial (only at- up, ado. upward, upwards, upways (col-
iributively), exceptionable (a misuse), loq.), heavenward, skjrward; spec, aloft,
rare, recherche (French), supernormal uphill, upstream.
(rare), singular, extra; spec, curious, Antonyms: see down.
peculiar. upheaval, n. 1. agitation, upthrow, up-
Antonyms: see usual, ordinary, com- thrust, uplift, upcast; spec, cataclysm; see
mon, COMMONPLACE. CATASTROPHE.
unutterable, a. unspeakable, incommuni- 2. In a nonphysical sense: spec, cata^
cable; spec, see inexpressible, abomina- clysm, debacle, paroxysm.
ble. upland, n. 1. ridge, down (vsuaUy in pi.);
unuttered, a. unvoiced, unvented (rare); spec. fell.
unpronounced.
svec. unsyllabled, Antonyms: see lowland.
unwieldy, a. heavy, ponderous, cumber- 2. See INLAND.
some, cumbrous, elephantine (fig.), hulk- upon, prep, on, over. "Upon" does not
ing (colloq.), hunky (colloq.), unwield- essentially differ from "on," except in being
some (rare), megatherial (fig.), hippo- more formal or emphatic and in some
potamic; see clumsy. places more euphonious.
Antonyms: see wieldy, manageable. upright, a. 1. See vertical.
unwilling, a. disinclined, indisposed, re- 2. conscientious, honorable, righteous,
luctant, averse, loath, backward. straight (colloq.), incorrupt, honest, up-
Antonyms: see willing, disposed. standing, stand-up (colloq.), rightful
unwillingness, n. disinclination, reluct- (rare), perpendicular (literary; rare); see
ance, etc. just.
unwind, v. t. uncoil; spec, reel, unreel, Antonym,s: see unprincipled, immoral.
untwine, ravel. upright, n. standard, vertical, perpen-
Antonyms: see coil,. dicular; spec, post, stile.
unwisdom, n. insipience (rare); spec. upright, adv. endlong, endwise.
foolishness, silliness, imbecility, indis- uprightness, n. 1. erectness, perpendicu-
cretion, injudiciousness, folly, senseless- larity, verticalness, verticality.
ness. 2. righteousness, rightness, goodness, mo-
Antonyms: see wisdom. rahty, honestjr, honor, right, rectitude,
unwise, a. injudicious, unwary, impru- probity, integrity.
dent, ill-judged, ill-advised, unadvised; uproar, n. discord, tumult, hubbub, poth-
spec, silly, goosish (rare), senseless, er (colhq.), hullabaloo (colloq.), pande-
brainless, stupid, witless, reasonless, monium; spec- larum, Bedlam (a scene of
crazy, mad, insane, insensate, empty, mad confusion), ferment, din, clamor,
foolish, impolitic, inexpedient, indiscreet, embroilment, bruit, hurly-burly; see out-
inconsiderate, absurd, insipient (rare), im- cry, disturbance.
becile, fatuous, idiotic, weak. Antonyms: see silence.
Antonyms: see wise, advantageous, uproar, v. i. hurricane (rare), hurly-burly
judicial. (rare).

f^^ Cross references: see Note. unwronght: crude. uplceep: support.

untwine: disentangle. unyoke: loose. uplift: raise.
unvaried: constant. upbraid: reprove. upon, adv.: above.
unwary: unwise. upcast; upheaval. upper, a.; higher.
unwavering: constant. upcDuntry: inland. uppermost: highest.
unwearied: untiring. upgrowth; develojment. uppish: arrogant.
unwell: diseased, ailing. upilold; support, aid, defend. uprise, n.: development.
unwonted: unusual. \
upholder; supporter. uprise, V. i.: rise.
unworthy: discrediteatle. upholding: support, defense. uprising: insurgence.

iS' See Notes of Explanation.

458
 UTTER
uproarious, a. noisy, tumultuous; see use, n. 1. usage (rare)j employment, em-
BOISTEROCS, CLAMOROUS, FESTIVE. ploy (rare), occupation, entiertainment
Antonyms: see silent. (rare); spec.nonce (o« in "for the nonce"),
uproot, V. t. t. root, grub (iised chiefly with see frequentation.
"up"), disroot (rare), displant (rare); Antonyms: see disuse.
spec, muzzle, stub. 2. avail, service, advantage.
Antonyms: see plant. 8. iSeeCUSTOM, habit, need, form.
2. See EXTIRPATE. use, ». j. 1. employ (more literary and rhetor-
uprush, i. rise
V. {contextual), upsurge ical than "use"), utilize (technical or book-
(rare). ish); spec, improve, take, seize, condemn,
upset, V. t. 1. overtumble (rare), over- christen (fig.), handsel, borrow, brook
throw, overset (rare); see overtctrn. (obs. or archaic), handle, spare, do (conr
Antonyms: see balance. textual), treat, waste; see exercise, ex-
2. overthrow, subvert, overset (rare). pend, PASS, apply.
S. See disconcert, derange. Antonyms: see disuse.
4. In metallurgy: jump. 2. See ACCUSTOM, frequent.
upset, a. 1. topsyturvy, confused. use, V. i. wont.
2. disconcerted. used, a. Spec, second-hand, worn.
upstart, n. parvenu, mushroom, start-up Antonyms: see unused.
(rare). useful, a. serviceable, practical, advan-
upturned, a. raised elevated, retrouss6 tageous, valuable.
(French). Antonyms: see useless.
Antonyms: see downcast. useless, a. unserviceable, worthless, boot-
urban, o. town (the noun used attributively), less; spec, waste, unprofitable, imprac-
townish, oppidan (now rare). ticable, helpless, inutUe (rare), fruitless,
Antonyms: see rural, rustic. otiose (rare), inapplicable, dead; see idle,
urge, V. t. press, push, drive; spec, hound, PROFITLESS, INEFFECTUAL.
spur, egg, solicit, exhort, crowd, im- Antonyms: see usable, serviceable,
portune, incite, ply, persecute, bucket, USEFUL.
yoiok (a term in hunting), goad; see uselessness, n. inutility.
encourage, drive, exhort, hasten, Antonyms: see utility.
prosecute. usher, v. t. announce, introduce; spec.
Antonyms: see restrain. ring, induct.
urge, V. i. press, push, drive; spec, insist. usual, a. customary, habituary, wonted,
urgency, n. push, jjressure, drive, press, ordinary, general, usitate (rare), regular,
instancy (literary), instance (rare); spec.
normal, unexceptional (rare); see cus-
goad (Jig.), tomary, habitual.
clamorousness, importunity,
drive, cogency (rare)^ haste. Antonyms: see unusual, odd, special.
urgent, a. pressing, Importunate, instant usurp, V. t. seize, accroach (rare).
{literary); spec, cogent (rare), impera- usury, n. interest (contextual), gombeen
tive, crying, clamant (chiefly Scot.), exi- (Anglo-Irish).
gent; see EXIGENT. utility, n. value, usefulness, serviceable-
urging, n. pressure, exhortation, cohorta- ness, use, cui bono (literary and pedantic
tion (rare), prosecution; spec, encourage- or humorous).
ment. Antonyms: see uselessness.
Antonyms: see restraint. utilize, V. t. 1. See use.
urinate, v. i. stale (obs. or dial.), micturate .2. exploit, use (colloq.).
(an erroneous use). utmost, a. 1. See extreme, highest.
urine, n. water (contexlvM and usually 2. main, supreme, superlative, greatest,
euphemistic), lant (obsolescent), stale (now highest, last, full.
omy of horses and cattle). Antonyms: see least.
usable, a. utile (rare); spec, applicable, utter, a. stark, downright, sheer, blank,
practicable, consumable, available. absolute; see diametric, perfect.
Antonyms: see useless. utter, V. t. 1. voice, emit, give, fetch, tell
usage, n. practice, fashion, custom, con- (dial, or colloq.) , tongue (rare), breathe,
suetude (chiefly Scot, or law), mode, or- raise, mouth (archaic); spec, deliver, ar-
dinance (chiefly eccl.); see custom, habit. ticulate, bespout, blat, blate, bleat (fig.),

X^" Cross references: see Note. upthrow: upheaval. usher, n.: doorkeeper.
upset, n.: disconcertedneas. up-to-date: modem. usurp, V. i.: encroach.
upset, a.; fixed, unnerved. urbane: polite. utensil: instrument.
upset, V. t: overhim. urbanity: politeness. Utopian: visionary.
upshot: meaning, outcome. urchin: chUd. utricle: sac.

tS° See Rotes Of Explanation.

459
 .

UTTERANCE
blunder {usually with ''out"), blurt {usvy Antonyms: see constancy.
aUy with "out"), hurl, bolt, brawl, bray, vacuum, n. void, vacancy (rare), vacuity
call, cast (obs.), chime, consummate, coo, (rare), voidness (rare); see emptiness.
cough, crack, cry (often with "out"), dic- vagabond, n. wanderer, stroUer, tramper,
tate, discourse, draw, drivel, drone, tramp, lurdan (archaic), loafer (archaic),
drop, ejaculate, enounce, enunciate, ful- paUiard (archaic), shack (dial.), canter
minate, grind (usually with "out"), gab- (archaic), landloper or landlouper (liter-
ble, giggle, gasp, groan, gurgle, harp, ary), gangrel (archaic); see rascal,
heave, hiss, noDo, hollow, holla, howl, BEGGAR.
hum, hymn, jabber, jangle, jerk, keckle, Antonyms: see worker.
launch, lip, lisp, low, mumble, oracle, out- vagabond, wandering, landloping or
a.
speak (rare), pass, peal, phonate (tech.), landlouping (literary), truant (now usu-
pipe, prate, pronoimce, prattle, preach, ally spec).
pule, rattle, rave, read, resound (rare), vagrancy, n. wandering, vagabondage,
rip (used with "out"), roar, roll, rumble, vagabondism.
say, shoot, shriek, sigh, slobber, snap, vagrant, a. wandering, vagabond, roving,
gangrel (archaic), circumforaneous (rare),
snarl, sniff , sniffle, snuff, splutter, spout,
syllable, tang, twang, whimper, whine, vagrom (an
allusive Shakespearianism),
whisper, yawn, yowl, express, fling, grate, arrant (archaic).
hoot, scream, shout, sing, speak. vagrant, n. wanderer, vagabond, tramp
2. See ISSUE. (now chiefly spec), floater (rare or spec);
utterance, n. 1. emission (rare), deHver- spec, caird (Scot.), hedgebird (Eng.),
ance, deUvery, breathing; elocution (rare, gaberlunzie (Scot.).
exc. spec), vent (as in "to give vent to"), valet, n. attendant, body-servant, tireman
voice, parol (now only law); spec, articu- (obs. or archaic), lackey (chiefly spec);
lation, blurt, chorus, drawl, effusion, spec footman.
ejaculation, Culmination, gibber, heave, valid, a. 1. well-grounded, sohd, sound,
mss, scream, hum, humph, phonation good; see logical.
(tech.); see pronunciation, speech. 2. legal, sound, just, good, effectual (tech.
2. Referring to what is uttered: spec. or learned).
breath, whisper, speech, dictamen (rare or Antonyms: see invalid.
learned), dictum, pronouncement, dixit valley, n. hoUow, basin, vale (poetic), bot-
(learned), effusion, observation, remark, tom (now obsolescent or heal); spec. Can-
wind. ada (Span.), canon or canyon, dough
(Eng.), col, coomb (Eng. or Scot.), corrie
(Scot.), coulee, dale (chiefly poetic or dial.),
vacancy, n. 1. vacuity, emptiness (rare), dean or dene (local Eng.), deU, dumble
voidance (rare), vacuousness. (dial. Eng.), donga (South Africa), dingle,
Antonyms: see fullness. glen, gully, gorge, gap, park (U. S.), pock-
2. opening (for a position). et, ravine, rille, slade (Eng.), swale, swire;
8. See ABSENT-MINDEDNESS, GAP, EMPTI- see glen.
NESS, LEISURE. Antonyms: see hill, mountain, peak.
vacate, v. i. 1. See invalidate. valuable, a. 1. rich, precious, prizable or
2. disoccupy (rare), quit, void (rare), prisable (rare); see costly.
abandon. Antonyms: see worthless.
Antonyms: see occupy. 2. See estimaile.
vacillate, v. i. 1. oscillate. valuation, n. appraisal, appraisement, es-
2. fluctuate (of persons, opinions, etc.), timate; spec, assessment, appreciation,
waver, wabble (colloq.), sway, stagger. extent.
Antonyms: see continue. value, 71. 1. worth, importance, rate, valu-
vacillating, o. wiUy-nilly, shilly-shally. ation.
Antonyms: see constant. Antonyms: see worthlessness; cf.
vacillation, n. 1. oscillation. WORTHLESS.
2. wavering, faltering, wabbling (colloq.), 2. See MEANING.
wabble (colloq.) value, V. t. estimate, sense, appraise.

t:w Cross references: see Note. vacuous: empty, blank, thought- important. .

utterly, adv.: absolutely. less. vainglory: show, boasting.

uttermost: extreme. vade-mecuxn: handbook. valediction: farewell.
vagary: caprice. valedictory: farewell.
vague: indefinite, discursive. valet, V. t.: attend.
vain: empty, conceited, showy, valetudinarian: ailing.
Taoation: invalidation holiday.
, proud, ineffectwH. valiant: brave, courageous.
vaccinate; inoculate. vainglorious: boastful, self- validate: ctmfirm.

tW See Notes ol Explanation.

460
 —
VEGETATIVE
apprise, treasure, mete {archaic), rate, quin (fig.), dappled, dsedal (literary), dis-
price (archaic or spec), ponderate (rare); color or discolorate or discolorous (biol.),
spec, prize, assess, extend {Eng,); see ap- varicolored, varicolorous, laced, intershot
preciate. (rare), mottled, streaked, spotted, party-
valve, n. 1. Spec, flap, poppet, butterfly, colored, checked.
cock, ventil, piston, pallet, valvula, por- Antonyms: aee uniform.
tal. variety, n. I. diversity, assortment, varia-
2. See LEAF. tion.
valvular, a. valvate, valviform. Antonyms: see uniformity, monotony.
van, n. I. See fbont. 2. subspecies, race; both tech.
2. wagon (contextual), caravan (chiefly 3. See group.
spec); spec, pantechnicon (Eng.). variolous, a. pocky (now obsolescent or coh-
vandalio, a. barbarous, Hunnisn. log.).
Vandyke, n. beard (contextual), pick-de- various, a. different, manifold, sundry,
vant (obs.). divers (now chiefly in scriptural or legal
vane, n. 1. beard (of a feather). use); spec, omnifarious; see diversified,
2. Of an arrow: feather. mui/tiform, different.
8. See WEATHERVANE. varnish, v. t. 1. Spec, megilp, lacquer, shel-
vanish, v. i. disappear (contextual); spec. lac, japan, enamel.
melt, evaporate, fleet, fly, sink, die (usually 2. See GLOZE.
with "away" or "out"), vamose (slang, vary, v. i. change (contextual), fluctuate,
U.S.). veer, range; spec, depart; see differ,
Antonyms: see appear. deviate.
vanishing, a. disappearing, dewy (fig.; vase, n. 1. Spec, tazza, lachrymatory, mur-
poetic). rhine, epergne, urn, beaupot, boughpot.
vanity, n. 1. windiness, inanity (of human In Greek antiq.: amphora, crater, cylix,
desires, etc); see emptiness, show, pool- lecythus.
ISHNE8S, CONCEIT, INEFFECTIVENESS. 2. In architecture: basket, bell, drum.
2. trifle (o vain thing). vaseline, n. petrolatum (British).
vapor, n. 1. exhalation, reek, steam, fume, vassal, n. feodary, Uege, man (contextual),
brume (literary), halitus (rare); spec. subject (contextual), feudary, bondman;
cloud, mist. spec, vavasor, subvassal; see feudatory.
2. See FANCY, BOAST, BLUSTER. Antonyms: see lord.
vapor, V. i. 1. exhale, reek, steam, fume. vast, o. wide; spec, monumental (loose or
Antonyms: see condense. contemptuous); cosmic; see enormous,
2. (See bluster. spacious, immense.
vaporous, a. reeky (vare), steamy, smoky, Antonyms: see narrow.
fuming, reeking, fumose (rare), ftuny, vat, n. Spec, tun, hopper, buddle, union.
vapory, haUtuous (rare); spec, moist. vault, n. arch; spec, dome, cupola, crypt,
Antonyms: see liquid, solid. cope, dungeon, round; see cell.
varied, a. diversified; spec, dsedal (liter- vault, V. t. arch; spec dome.
ary), checkered (oftenfig.). vaulted, o. arched; spec, domed, domical
Antonyms: see uniform, monotonous. (rare), domic (rare), dome-shaped, cupo-
variegate, v. i. diversify, counterchange lar, cathedraled.
(rare), variat«, vary, varify (rare); spec. vegetable, n. plant, produce (a collective),
freak (usually in p. p. or p. a.; rare), truck (a collective); spec greens (pl.),
shoot (usually in p. p. "shot"), lace, inter- salading, sauce (pl.; chiefly U. S.), fruit
lace, fret, diaper, water, camlet, inter- (a collective), legume, fruitage (rare; a
shoot (rare), mottle, streak, spot. collective), fruitery (a collective; rare).
variegated, a. diversified, varied (tech. or vegetable, a. vegetal, vegetative, halo-
rare); spec, motley, multicolored, harle- phytic (tech.); spec, olitory (rare).

fS^ Cross references: see Note. floating, capricious. vassalage, enslavement.

valvate: vcUvular, variance: difference, disagree- vast, n.: immensity.
vampire: demon. ment. vast, a.: spacious, immense.
vandal: destroyer. variant: changeable, different. vasty: immense.
vandalism: barbariemt de- variate: change, variegate, diver- vault: arch, curvet.
struction. sify- vaulter: acrobat.
Tanishment: disappearance. variation: difference, lUterna- vaunt: boast, rejoice, exult.
vanquish: overcome. tion, change, deviation, diversity. vaunting: boastfvl, boasting.
vanquishment: defeat, over- varicolored: variegated. veer, v. i.: deviate, turn.
coming. variform: diversified, multiform. veer, n.; deviation.
vapid: tasteless, dull. varlet: fellow. vegetate: germinate, grow.
vaporize: evaporate. vary, v. t.: change, alternate, di- vegetation: growth, herbage.
variable: changeable, changing. versify, variegate. vegetative: vegetable.

tW See Notes ot Explanation.

461
 VEHEMENCE
Antonyms: see aniihai, mineral. 2. See DANGER, SPECULATION.
vehemence, n. force (contextual), hardness; venture, v. t. chance, risk, hazard, pre-

spec, passion; see abdob, impetuosity. sume, dare, adventure, undertake; see
Antonyms: cf. impassive. attempt, advance.
vehicle, n. carriage {now chiefly spec),
1. venturesome, a. rash {contextual), bold,
conveyance {chiefly spec); spec, voiture adventurous, venturous; spec, reckless,
{French), caravan, caroche {archaic or foolhardy, presumptuous.
hist), cart, catafalque, chair {archaic), Antonyms: see cautious, timid.
chariot, chaise, coach, equipage, float, veranda, n. stoop {incorrect, U. S.), porch
hackney, hack {now U. S.), hearse, rattle- {local, U. S.).
trap, sled, sledge, sleigh, taxi, trap {coir- verbal, a. word {the noun used attributive-
loq.), tumbrel, van, vis-S^vis {French), ly); spec, literal, wordy.
wagon, wagonette, car. verbalist, n. wordsman
{rare); see critic.
2. See AGENCY. verbose, wordj;, wordish, expletive
a.
vehicular, a. vehiculatory {rare), curricu- {rare); spec, talkative; see prolix.
lar {rare). Antonyms: see concise.
veU, n. film {contextual); spec
1. yashmak verdant, green {contextual), verdurous;
a.
{Turkish), muffler, fall, mask. spec, viridescent; see greenish.
2. See PRETENSE, GLOSS, CURTAIN, COVER, verdict, n. decision, deliverance.
DISGUISE. verdure, n. fohage, green {chiefly in pi.
veil, V. t. 1. enveil {rare), shroud, overveil and spec), greenness {rare), greenery
{rare). {rare), vegetation, greenth (rare); spec.
2. See COVER, disguise, gloze. vert.
vein, n. 1. vena {tech.); spec veinlet. verge, n. edge {contextual), rim {chiefly po-
2. nerve, nervure; spec veinlet, venule, etic), brink; see boundary, border.
venula, veinule, rib, midrib. Antonyms:
see center, middle.
3. In mining: spec, leader, ledge, lode. verge,border {upon), approach.
v. i.
4. See DISPOSITION, temper, strain, verily, v. t. confirm {contextual), support,
STREAK. substantiate, aver {rare); spec, actualize,
veined, a. netted, reticulate. number; see prove.
vendor, n. institor {chiefly Roman & Scots Antonyms: see disprove.
law); spec, hawker, peddler, cramer verily, adv. so, actually, truly.
{Scot.), consigner. vernacular, a. Uving, vulgar {twib rare or
venous, a. venosal {rare), venose. literary), trivial {tech.); see native.
vent, n. 1. opening {contextual), orifice vernal, a. spring.
{contextual; learned); spec, bung, bung- versatile, a. mobile (rare), mercurial {liter-
hole, f umarole, f emerell, touchhole, bouche, ary), many-sided, two-handed {fifi.), am-
bush, hydrant, plug. bidextrous {fig.), poljftropic {rare); see
2. See EXPRESSION, market. ADAPTABLE.
vent, V. t. 1. emit {contextual), exhale, verse, n. 1. line, stave (tech. or literary),
breathe. bob {prosody), stitch or stichos {tech.),
2. See EXPRESS. number; spec heroic, versicle, verselet,
ventilate, v. t. air, aerate {rare or spec), echo; see division.
perflate {rare). Antonyms: see prose.
ventilator, n. aerator {rare); spec louver, 2. numbers {pi.); spec rime or rhyme,
transom, funnel. doggerel; see poetry.
ventral, a. stomachal {tech.), versed, o. conversant, versant {rare); spec.
sternal {tech.);
see ABDOMINAL. accomplished.
venture, n. 1. chance, risk, stake, slap versification, n. orthometry {tech.), pros-
{colloq. or slang); spec, flyer. ody {tech.).

tW Cross references: see Note. venerous: lascivious. verification: proof, confirma-

vein, V. t.: streak. venery: hunting, chase. tion.
Telocity: speed. vengeance: retr^rution. verisimilar; probable.
velvet: smooth,. venial: excusable. veritable: actual.
velvetjr: smooth, Wand. venison: deer. verity: truth.
venal: mercenary. venom, n.: poison, ill will, ma- vermicular: sinuous.
renatic, venatorlal: hunting. levolence. vermiculate: sinuous.
venation: hunting. venom, v. t.: poison. vermiform: wormlike.
veneer, n.: facing, gloss, dis- venomous: poisonous. vermin: animal.
guise. venture, v. i.: assume. vernacular, n.: dialect.
veneer, v. t: face, gloze, dis- venturous: venturesome. vernation: leafage.
guise. venue: neighborhood. version: translation.
venerable: respected, old. veracious: truthful. vertebral: spinal.
venerate: respect, esteem. verbosity: prolixity. vertex: top.
veneration: respect, esteem. verdict: opinion, decision.

V^° See Notes of Explanation*

462
 ,

VICTIM
Tersifler, n. poet, versificator (rare); spec. vestment, n. garment; spec, stole, dal-
rimer, rimester, jingler, rhymester, rhym- matic, palhum, maniple, succinctorium
ist, Ijnrist. (eccl.), cope, cnasubie, pall, tunicle.
Antonyms: see prosaist. veterinarian, n. farrier, vet (coUog.); spec.
Tersify, v. i. meter (rare or obs.), metrify hippiatric, horseshoer.
(rare); spec, rime or rhyme. veto, n. 1. intercession (Roman hist.).
Antonyms: see prose. 2. See FORBIDDANCE.
vertical, a. upright, perpendicular, plumb, veto, V. t. I. intercede (Roman hist).
aplomb (French), downright; see erect. 2. <See FORBID.
Antonyms: see horizontal, prostrate, vex, V. t. disquiet (contexttud), disturb
INCLINED. (contextual), gall, harass, irritate, pes,
vertlcality, n. uprightness, perpendicular- ter, plague, spite, irk (archaic), cha-
ity, aplomb (French), etc. grin, nip (rare); see tease, trouble,
Terticallze, v. t. plumb. ANNOY.
vertically, adv. perpendicularly, plumb, Antonyms: see pacify.
downright (archaic). vexation, n. 1. disquiet, spite; see annoy-
Antonyms: see obliquely. ance, TROUBLE, TROUBLING, ANGER, EM-
very, adv. right (archaic or dial.; or colloq. BARRASSMENT, DISTURBANCE.
v. S.), quite, hugely, vastly, exceedingly 2. disquiet, chagrin, mortification; see
(stronger than "very"), excessively (strong- ANGER.
er than "exceedingly"), full, jolly (colloq.), vexatious, a. annoying, disturbing, pes-
uncommon (illit. or vulgar), parlous (col- terous (rare), pestilent (humorous); see
loq.), enormously (spec, or colloq.), won- ANNOYING, TROUBLESOME.
drous (spec, or coUog.), wondrously (spec, or Antonyms: see pacific.
coKog.), norribly (colloq.), terrible (colloq.) viaduct, n. Spec, trestlework or (for
woundy (archaic and colloq.), woundUy short) trestle.
(archaic and colloq.); spec, see extremely. vibrant, a. oscillating, oscillant, undulous,
vesicle, n. bladder, bleb, pompholjrx (tech.); librating, etc.
spec, bulla, blain, blister, foUicle, vacuole, vibrate, v. i. <& t. oscillate, librate, waver
blotch; see blister. (rare), sway, shake, undulate (rare),
vesicular, a. vesiculate^ vesiculose, vesicu- quiver, pulsate (rare); spec, nutate, dirl
lous, cystic (tech.), vesical, blebby, buUate (Scot. &
dial. Eng.), jar, tirl (chiefly Scot.),
(tech.),bullous; spec, vacuolar, vacuolate, thrill, triU, tremble; see swing.
folUcular, foUiculose, foUiculous. vibration, n. oscillation, libration, undu-
vespers, n. evensong (tech.). lation (rare), shaking (contextual), shake
vessel, n. t. boat, craft (a collective); spec. (contextuai), quiver, wavering (rare), wag
hulk, coffin (colloq. or slang), tub, bark, (spec, or colloq.), motitation (rare), pulsa-
blackbirder, catamaran, cockle, cockle- tion (rare), pulse (rare); spec, jar, fremi-
shell, coaster, collier, convoy, hooker, lap- tus, thrill (rare), tremor, tremble, vibrato
streak, razee, slaver, tender, transport, (Italian), trepidation (rare), vibratiuncle
tramp, whaleback, whaler; see ship, raft. (rare); see swing.
2. receptacle; spec, horn, dish, canteen, vibrational, a. imdulatory, oscillatory,
crock, glass. libratory, shaking (contextual), vibrative
3. In anatomy: spec, vein, artery, capillary. (rare), vibratile (rare), motatorious or
vest, n. waistcoat; spec, caftan (Orientai). motatory (rare), pulsatile (tech. or rare),
vest, V. t. 1. lodge (as a power); spec, re- pulsatory (tech. or rare), pulsative (tech. or
vest. rare), seismic.
2. See CLOTHE, admit. vibrator, n. Spec, trembler, oscillator,
vest, *. i. accrue.
inhere, rest; spec, see diaphragm.
vestibule, n. entrance, propylaeum (rare), viceroy, n. prorex (obs.); spec, exarch, re-
porch (rare); spec, hall, lobby, prothyrum, gent.
pronaos, narthex, tambour, anteroom. vice versa, contrariwise, conversely, turn
Antonyms: see body. about.
vestige, n. evidence, sign; see footprint, victim, n. prey; spec, dupe, hoaxee (rare;
trace. jocular); see sacrifice.
fW Cross references: see Note. vestry: chapel. viceregent: governor.
vertiginous: dizzy. vesture: dress, clothing, cover. vicinage: n.eigKborhood.
vertigo: dizziness. vexed: annciy^. vicinal: near.
verve: energy, ardor. vibrator: vibration. vicinity: neigfiborhood, near-
very, a.: actual, vicar: deputy, minister, ness.
vesica: sac. vicarage: benefice. vicious: immoral, corrupt,
vesication: blister. vicarial: substituted. violousness: immorality, cor-
vesioulation: inflation. vicarious: suJbstituted. [fault ruption,
vesper: evening star. vice: immorality, corruption, vicissitude: change.
tW See Notes ot Explanation.
463
 VICTOR
victor, n. conqueror, triumpher, victress Antonyms: see weakness.
(fem.), victrix (Jem.), master; spec, win- vigorous, a. active, strong, lustful,
1.
ner, pancratiast, champion, conquistador lusty, robust, robustious, fresh, hale,
(Spanish hist.). stout, flourishing, smart, entire (archaic),
victorious, a. conquering, triumphant, tri- vegete (rare); spec, buxom; see robust.
umphal, prevalent (rare). Antonyms: see ailing, weak, weakly.
victory, n. conquest, triumph, palm (Jig.), 2. active, energetic, strong, strenuous,
mastery; spec, walkover (colloq.), epini- smart, sharp, quick, crank (dial.), hot,
cian (Greek literature), gammon. severe, sturdy, stout; spec, bold, cordial,
Antonyms: see defeat. nervous (as in "nervous English"), hearty,
vie, V. contend, strive.
i. masculine, virile.
view, n. 1. Referring to what is seen by the Antonyms: see weak.
eye: prospect, survey, sight, outlook, vista, vile, a. 1. See dirty.
purview, range, scene, spectacle (chiefly 2. base, filthy, contemptible, discredit-
spec); spec, picture, eyeshot, command, able, ugly, lousy (in contempt; usually
lookout, perspective, cloudscape (rare), vulgar), dirty, obscene (rare or spec); spec.
seascape, landscape, offscape (rare), off- slavish, degraded, p'jgish, hoggish, brut-
skip (rare), scape; see scenery. ish; see beastly, abominable, lewd.
2. Referring to mental view, the view of the Antonyms: see elevated.
mind's eye: look, outlook, conspectus village, n. wick (obs., exc in place names),
(formal), light (as in "to come to light"); thorp (archaic or hist.), settlement; spec.
spec, retrospect, retrospection, review, viU (chiefly hist.), hamlet, dorp, clachan
purview, foreglance (rare), glimpse, pano- (Scot. & Irish), rancho, kampong (Ma-
rama; see suKVDT, opinion. lay), kraal (South Africa), bustee (Anglo-
3. See SIGHT, VISION, object, considera- Indian), compound.
tion, ASPECT. villain, n. blackguard, miscreant, slip-
view, V. t. 1. Referring to beholding with the halter (archaic), nithing (archaic); spec.
eye: see, behold (archaic); spec, eye, gaze ruflBan; see rascal.
(rare), contemplate, envisage (rare), con- villainous, a. miscreant; spec, ruffianly;
sider (archaic), meditate (rare); see SUR- see criminai,, rascally.
VET. villainy, n. miscreancy (rare), doggery
2. Referring to mental vision: see con- (fig.); spec, see wrong, rascality.
sider. vindicate, v. t. defend (contextual), right,
viewer, n. seer, beholder, observer, sur- avenge, maintain; spec, assert, revenge.
veyor, onlooker, etc. vindictive, n. retaliative, revengeful,
viewpoint, n. ground, standpoint. Many grudgeful (rare), vengeful.
consider "viewpoint" not in good usage, vine, n. Spec, hana, grape.
though it is very common. vinery, n. grapery.
viewy, a. 1. sightly, showy. violate, v. t. 1. desecrate, defile, profane,
2. See visiONABT. dishonor; spec deflower (fig.), abuse,
vigil, n. watch; spec, in pi. devotions, per- force.
noctation (rare). Antonyms: see honor.
vigilant, a. watchful, jealous, sharp, un- 2. infringe, invade, contravene (tech. or
slumbering; see cautious. learned), break, infract, transgress.
vigor, n. 1. activity, vehemence, strenuous- Antonyms: observe.
see
ness^ strength, vim (colloq.), freshness, 3. fSee iLtf^TREAT, rape.
forcibleness, intensity, intenseness, inten- violated^ a. broken; spec, breached, dese-
sion (rare), strenuosity (rare), severity; crated.
spec, cordiality, heartiness, boldness, ea- violation, n. 1. desecration, defilement,
gerness; see activity, energy, spirit. deflowering (fig.).
Antonyms: see weakness. 2. infraction (formal or literary), trans-
2. virihty, smartness, stamina (originally gression, breach, infringement, contra/-
a pi.; now mostly construed as a sing.), vention (tech. or Zeoragd), breaking.
lustihead (archaic), lustihood (archaic), 3. See rape.
lustiness, devidness (rare), pith (fig.), violence, n. force (contextual), fury, furi-
strength, flower (fig.), nerve, energy, vi- ousness, furiosity (rare), heaviness (con-
tahty, health; spec, hardiness. textual), rage, headiness (fig. or rare).

K^= Cross references: see Note. vilification; obTise. disparage- villa: couufry house.
victual, V. L: provision. ment. villous: hairy, shaggy.
victual, V. L: eat. vlliflcatory: abusive, disparag- vim: force.
victuals: food. ing. vindication: defense.
vUeness: jiUh. vilify: disparage, abuse, defame. vintage: harvest.

[t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

464
 VIVACIOUS
strength (contextual), severity {contexts viscera, n. pi. entrails (now chiefly spec.),
tud), rampage, rudeness (rare), brunt, insides (colloq. or dial.), inwards, mter-
turbulence, ferocity, ferociousness; spec. nals (rare), numbles (archaic), guts; spec.
strain, flagrancy, desecration, excess, in- imneats, haslet or harelet.
tensity, desperateness. visceral, a. splanchnic" see abdominal.
Antonyms: see gentleness. viscid, a. viscous, adhesive, sticky, mu-
violent, a. furious, forcible (contextiial), cilaginous, thick, stiff, tough, tenacious,
forceful, strong, fierce, raging, extreme, slab (literary); spec, glairy, elaireous
severe, rabid (literary); spec, sharp, (rare), slimy, sizy, clammy, glutinous,
grievous (archaic), rampant, high, wUd, thready, ropy, plastery; see slimy.
tough (colloq.), smart, hot, heavy, hard, Antonyms: see thin.
heady (djist, current, etc.), rank, impetu- visible, a. visual, perceptible (context-
ous, rude (literary or rare), rough, roaring ual), open, seeable, unhidden, apparent;
(rare), sore, impetuous, stormy, boister- spec, megascopic, macroscopic, conspicu-
ous, drastic, desperate, outrageous (rare), ous.
virulent, vicious (coMog.),tearin^, towering, Antonyms: see invisible.
stiff, red (fig.), turbulent, passionate; see vision, n. 1. Referring to the faculty: sight,
ROUGH, FLAGRANT, BURNING, INTENSE. eyesight, Ught (fig.); spec, diplopia; see
Antonyms: see gentle. sight.
Tlolln, n. fiddle (now colloq., familiar, or 2. Referring to the range of vision: eyeshot,
depreciatory), viol (rare; -poetic), catgut eyesight, eye, ken.
(fig.);spec, crowd, rebeck, kit (rare). 3. Mental vision or comprehension: fore-
TioUn, fiddle (familiar, often cant).
V. i. sight, prospect, view; spec, dream.
violinist, n. fiddler (except as denoting the 4. iSee sight.
violinist in action colloq. or derogatory), visionary, a. imreal, impractical, chimer-
scraper (derogatory); spec, crowder. ical, absurd, Laputan (fig.), fantastic
virgin, o. 1. maiden, maidenly, virginal, (rare), viewy (colloq.); spec, quixotic,
vestal, parthenian (rare), parthenic (rare); Cervantic; see imaginary.
spec, vestal. Antonyms: see actual, practical,
2. See PURE. matter-of-fact.
virgin, n. maiden, maid (archaic), may visionary, n. visionist (rare), dreamer, fan-
(poetic and archaic); spec, vestal. tast (rare); spec. Utopian; seeiMAGiNER.
virtual, a. potential, practical, substantial; visit, n. Spec. call.
spec, moral. visit, v. t. 1. seek (archaic), do (contextual),
virtue, n. 1. rectitude, uprightness, moral- spec, intervisit, haunt, honize; see fre-
ity, worth, honor, goodness; spec, car- quent.
dinal virtues (justice, prudence, temper- 2. affect, afflict.
ance, fortitude, as distinguished from the visitor, n. visitant, company (o collective);
theological virtues of faith, hope, and char- spec, caller, sojourner, mcomer, stranger;
ity; the last also with modem writers being see GUEST, IMMIGRANT.
called "cardinal virtues"); see chastity, visor, re. <Spec. beaver.
HONESTY. visual, a. optical, ocular, optic (rare, exc.
Antonyms: see wickedness, dishon- spec).
esty. visualize, v. t. externalize, envisage, actu-
2. Referring to a virtue: grace. alize.
S. See POWER, effectiveness. vital, a. 1. life (the noun used attributively);
virtuoso, n. connoisseur, master (context- spec, biotic.
ual), adept; see expert. 2. See ESSENTIAL, NECESSARY.
virtuous, a. honorable, good, moral, hon- vitiation, n. I. See degradation, cor-
est (chiefly literary; often spec), upright; ruption.
spec, goody, goody-goody, exemplary; see 2. contamination, corruption; spec, adul-
CHASTE. teration, spoiling.
Antonyms: see wicked, dishonest. vitrily, v. t. vitrificate (rore); spec glaze.
virulent, a. acrid, bitter; see acrimoni- viva, interj. vivat (French), vive (French).
ous, acrid, malignant, poisonous. vivacious, a. 1. See long-lived.

IS" Cross references: see Note. viscous: viscid, sHchy, slimy, vitiate: degrade, corrupt, im-
Tlperlsh: maliffnant. thick, pair, spoil.
virago: shrew, visS: approval, vitlatory: corruptive,
iridescent: greenish. vis£, V. t: approve, indorse. vitreous: glassy,
virile: forceful, manly, visitatiou, n,: affliction, 're- TitrloUze: pc-ison,
Tlrulence: poiscn. gueniation, vituperate: abuse, revile, de-
virus: person. vitality: life. nounce,
visage: face. vitalize: animate, strengthen. vituperative: abusive.

tS" See Notes of Explanation.

465
 ,

VIVACITY
2. active, smart, lively, bright, breezy codex, heptateuch, folio, octavo, duodeo-
(jig.); see lively, gay. imo, etc.; see roll.
Antonyms: see sad, sullen, serious. voluminous, a. big (contextual), fuU;
vivacity, n. vivaciousness, activity, dlan spec, discursive, flowing, ample, poly-
(^French); seeGAYETT. graphic (learned).
Antonyms: see ennui. voluntary, a. intentional, wiUing, deUber-
vivarium, n. vivary (rare), claire (French), ate, free, unconstrained.
pond, stevf (o6s. or dial. Eng.)j preserve, Antonyms: see involuntary.
preservatory (rare); spec, park (for oys- voluptuary, n. pleasurist (rare), softling
ters), pound (for fish), aquarium, mul- (obs. or rare), sensualist; spec, beast,
letry, penguinery, peficanry, insectarium brute.
(rare), aviary. voluptuous, a. voluptuary; spec, effem-
vivid, a. fresh, hvely, Hving, quick, clear, inate, sybaritic; see sensu.u,, luxurious.
loud, brilliant, strong; see descriptive, vomit, V. t. 1. eject (contextual),, spew,
definite, intense. disgorge (contextual), regorge (rare), puke
Antonyms: see dull. (vulgar), cast, egurgitate (rare), eructate
vocabulary, n. 1. language, terms (pi.). (learned or tech.).
2. See dictionary. Antonyms: see swallow.
vocal, a. 1. sonant, voiceful (rare), phthon- 2. See EJECT.
gal (rare); spec, sonorescent (rare). vomit, V. i. spew, puke (colloq. or vulgar).
2. <SeeoBAL. voracious, a. ravenous, devouring, raven-
vociferate, v. t. bellow, bawl, yell, howl, ing (literary), vulturous (rare), rapacious,
clamor; see shout. cormorant (fig.), buhmic (chiefly med.),
Antonyms: see whisper. buhmious (rare), polyphagpus (rare), vo-
vociferation, n. bellow, howl, bawl; spec, raginous (rare).
see outcry. voracity, n. ravenousness, raven or ravin;
vociferous, a. open-mouthed; see clam- see HUNGER.
orous. vortex, n. whirl, tourbillion or turbilhon
voice, n. 1. tongue, tone, vox (Latin); spec. (rare), gyre (poetic and literary).
whisper, bass, barytone, t«nor, alto, so- votary, n. adherent (contextual), votarist
prano, contralto, falsetto, pipe, breast (colloq.), votaress (fern.); spec. Cj^therean;
(archaic), cry. see DEVOTEE.
2. See SAY, SPEAKER, SINGER. vote, n. 1. voice (spec, or fig.), say (spec, or
void, a. 1. See empty, devoid, estefpect- fig.); spec, plebiscite, plebiscitum, plump-
UAL. er (Eng.), ballot.
2. blank, nuU, invalid, inept (law; rare). 2. franchise, suffrage, poU (rare); spec.
void, n. 1. blank; spec, chasm; see hole, ballot.
ABYSS. voter, n. Spec, suffragist (rare), floater,
2. See EMPTINESS. potwalloper (Eng.), potwaller (Eng.),
void, V. t. 1. empty, clear; see evacuate, plumper (Eng.), repeater (U. S.), elector;
EJECT. see constituent.
2. evacuate (J^amed). votive, a. votary; spec, see dedicatory.
volatile, a. 1. flyaway, flighty, mercurial vouch, V. t. evidence; see guarantee.
(literary), giddy, light-headed, incon- voyage, n. journey, trip; spec, cruise, navi-
stant, transient; see frivolous, lively. gation (rare), sail, passage; see excur-
2. incoercible (gases), evaporative. sion.
volley, n. 1. flight; spec, round, platoon, voyage, v. i. journey; spec, travel, sail,
return, harquebusade; see discharge. steam, row, passage.
2. See OUTBREAK. vulgar, a. 1. plebeian, popular, common,
volplaning, n. flight, planing (coUoq.). profane (learned or literary); see lowly.
volume, n. 1. content, bulk, bouk (Scoi.) Antonyms: see noble.
quantity, substance, size. 2. base, cheap, rustic, raffish, carhsh (lit-
2. See quantity. erary), gross. Bowery (fig., U. S.); spec.
3. book, tome (chiefly literary); spec. boorish, coarse, rabble; see low.

ISP" Cross references: see Note.

 WANDER
Antmiyms: see repined. deambulatory (rare), boule-
(rare), mall,
TulKarize, v. t. plebeianize, plebify (rare); vard, marina (Spanish and Italian), es-
see POPULARIZE. planade; see course.
vulnerable, a. assailable, woundable. 4. See sphere.
Antonyms: see invulnerable. walk, V. i. 1. deambulate
(rare), tread, pe-
destrianize pedestrianate (rare);
(rare),

wade, V. t. Spec. ford.

w spec, trample, tramp, trudge, stamp, hike,
stump, stride, step, plod, poach, grind
(Eng. university slang), dade (obs. or dial.
wading, a. Spec, grallatorial (tech.). Eng.), leg (esp. wUh "it"), pad, falter,
wafer, n. Spec, cachet, konseal, obley; see stalk, foot (used with "it"), mince, per-
HOST. ambulate, saunter, stroD, lounge, ramble,
wag, V. t. & i. 1. See swat. tiptoe, shin (coUog.), thump, trundle,
2. Referring to the tongue: run. roll, trapes or traipse (colloq. or dial.),
wager, v. i. gamble; spec, plunge (slang) promenade, parade, shamble, poundj
punt; see bet. seemarch, toddle.
wager, v. t. gamble, stake, risk, set (ar- Antonyms: see run.
chaic), go, adventure; spec, play; sec 2. See LIVE.
GAMBLE. walk, t. 1. traverse, tramp;
i;. s/pec. pace;
wager, n. stake, gamble, risk;spec, bet, see tread.
ante, raise, straddle, pot, jackpot; see 2. See move.
GAMBLE. walker, n. footman (rare), footer (rare),
wages, n. sing. & pi. pay, payment, sti- peripatetic (chiefly humorous); spec, pe-
pend; see HIRE, EARNINGS. destrian, dustyfoot (obs. or hist.; Scot.),
wagon, 71. Spec, truck; see vehicle. perambulator (rare), trudger, tramper,
wail, V. t. 1. bewail (an intensive), behowl hiker, etc.
beweep (rore); see mourn.
(rare), walking, a. gradient (tech.), ambulant
Antonyms: see rejoice, laugh. (tech.), gressorial (tech.), ambulatory
8. See ACCLAIM. (tech.); spec, pedestrian, trippant.
waist, n. 1. See body. walking, n. pedestrianism, peripatetioism
2. Referring to a garment: body: spec. (humaroiLs), perambulation.
bodice, vest, basque, corsage, bolero, walking-stick, n. Spec, staff, cane, bour-
blouse, cuirass, corset (now rore). don (obs.), palster (archaic), crutch.
wait, V. i. 1. rest, defer; spec, watch. wall, n. Spec, partition, buMiead, bail or
2. See ATTEND. bailey, canaut (Anglo-Indian), counter-
8. To wait at table: minister (archaic or scarp, parapet, escarp, revetment, coun-
literary). termure; see inclosure.
waiter, n. Spec, gargon, pannier (Eng.), wall, V. t. Spec, mure, inwall, countermure;
skinker (rare), Robert (rare). see fortify.
wake, n. wash (of a vessel); see track. waUow, V. i. welter, muddle (archaic);
wake, V. t. 1. See rouse. spec, see tumble.
2. waken, awake, awaken, arouse, rouse, wand, n. stick (coniextual) , rod; spec, rod-
excite. let, baton, caduceus, scepter; see staff,
wakeful, a. waking, roused. SVWTCH.
Antonyms: see sleepy. wander, «. i. 1. ramble, roam, rove, stray,
walk, n. 1. Act of walking: deambulation straggle, range, meander, maunder, stroll,
(rare and learned); spec, excursion, tramp, prowl, roll, trapea (o6s. or dial), spatiate
trudge, hike, pace, waddle, daddle, march, (rore), divagate (literary); spec, gad (used
promenade, perambulation, plod, saunter, with "abovi"), obambulate (rore), e^^a-
stroll, stalk, cake walk; see gait. tiate (rare or fig.; literary), vagabonefize
2. A distance walked: spec, constitutional (rare), vagabond (rare), scamander (rare),
(coUoq.), hike, tramp, saunter, stroll, estray (rare), shack (dial, or colloq.), tru-
promenade, dander (Scot. & dial. Eng.), ant, forage.
turn. 2. Referring to mental wandering: moon,
3. Place where one walks: spec, path, ramble, gander (dial. Eng.); see rave.
cloister, promenade, pergola, frescade 3. See migrate, deviate.

tW Cross references: see

 . —

WANDER
wander, n. ramble, rambling, roam, warder, n. Spec, gatekeeper, g.ateward
rove, davagation (literary); spec, prowl, (archaic); see guabd, protector.
gad (dial. Eng. or colloq.), trapes (coUoq. or wardrobe, n. 1. clothing, vestiary (rare);
dial.), stroll (literary). spec, vestry.
wanderer, n. rambler, roamer, rover, 8. See closet. fc
strayer, etc., runagate (archaic), vagabond ware, n. 1. Spec, crockery, earthenware,'*-
(now rare or literary), -vagrajit (chiefly enamel, silver, plate, glass, etc.
spec.), scatterUng (archaic), waif, gad- 2. commodity, truck (a collective), goods
about (colloq.), runabout (colloq.); spec. (pi.); spec, merchandise (a collective),
nomad. import, export.
wandering, a. 1. rambling, roaming, warehouse, n. repository, bankshall
roving, etc., stray, vagarish (rare), (Oriental), emporium (a loose usage);
vagarious (rare), abroad (predicative); spec, hong (Chinese), godown (in the Far
spec, nomadic, discursive (literary), float- East), pantechnicon (Eng.), packhouse,
ing, nomad, vagabond, migratory, mul- storehouse.
tivagant (rare), perambulatory, itinerant, warlike, a. belligerent, beUicose, belluent
devious, vagrant, truaiit, come tic, aber- (rare); spec, truculent, miUtant; see pug-
rant, circumforaneous (rare), erratic, ex- nacious.
cursive, planetary obambulatory warm, a. 1. Spec, calid, tepid, lukewarm;
(fig.),
(rare). see HEATED.
2. Referring to thought or discourse: ram- Antonyms: see cold.
bling, discursive. 2. See LIVELY, glowing, pbesh, aepeo-
AnUmyms: see direct. TIONATE, ARDENT.
3. See DEVIOUS, delirious. warm, v. t. heat (contextual), calefy; spec.
wandering, n. 1. rambling, roaming, tepefy, roast, toast (colloq.).
straying, etc., error (poetic), divagation AnUmyms: see cool.
(literary); gadabout, obambulation warm-blooded, a. haemathermal, heema-
spec,
(rare), (rare), extravagation
discursion thermous; both tech. or rare.
(rare), evagation (rare). warmtb, n. 1. heat (contextual); spec.
2. See deviation, delibium, abebbation. tepidity, tepidness; see glow.
waning, a. decrescent (literary or tech.), Antonyms: see cold.
wanting, a. minus; spec, absent, gone, 2. See ARDOR.
lost, destroyed, etc. warn, v. t. caution, admonish (formal),
wanton, n. Referring to a woman: gill, premonish (rare), notify, inform, precau-
flirt (archaic), baggage (often playful), tion (rare), forewarn (emphatic), monition
bitch (not now in decent use), light-o'-love (eccl.; rare), prewarn (rare), advise (chiefly
(literary), light-skirts (rare), Cyprian (lit- spec), readvise (rare).
erary), skit (chiefly Scot), bona roba warning, a. monitory (formal), cautionary,
(learned); see flirt. admonitory (formal), premonitory (emr-
war, n. fight (contextual), hostilities (pZ.); phatic); spec, sematic.
spec, warfare, guerrilla (rare), jihad, jehad, warning, n. caution, monition (learned
crusade, gigantomachy (rare). or literary), premonition (rare or spec),
Antonyms: see peace, truce. monitor (fig.), forewarning (emphatic),
war, V. i. fight (contextual); spec, crusade, preadmonition (rare), notice, notifi-
campaign. cation, information, admonition (for-
war cry. slogan, battle cry, on-cry (rare). mal), precaution (rare), commonition
ward, n. 1. alumnus (masc), alumna (rare),advice spec), caveat
(fern.); —
hoth tech. or learned.
(chiefly
(now only fig.); spec, example, exem-
2. See guabd, protection, protector, plar, memento (rare), ensample (ar-
DIVISION, district. chaic) .

ward, V. t. fend (rare or archaic), guard, warp, n. stamen (tech. or hist.), web (dial.),
drive (u^ed with "off"; archaic); spec. chain, bend.
stave (used with "off"), parry; see bbpel. warp, V. i. Spec, hog, kedge, cast.
warden, n. Spec, herenach (Anglo-Irish), warring, u. belhgerent (tech.), militant
dizdar, disdar (Oriental); see guard, (literary)
custodian. warrior, n. belligerent (contextual; learned).
X^ Cross references: see Note. wanting: deficient, absent. warp, V. L: move, bend, distort,
wane* n.: decline. wanton, a.: unchaste. pervert.
wane, v. i.: abate. wanton, v. i.: flirt, frolic, play. warrant, n.: authority.
want, n.: desire^ deficiency, warble: yodel. warrant, v. t.: guarantee, state,
poverty, need, absence. ward, c. i.; guard. assure, justify.
want, V. i.: lack. warehouse, v. t.: stare. warrantoi: surety.
wantage: deficiency. warfare: war. warranty: guaranty, authority.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

468
 WATCHMAN
brave (now chiefly spec); spec. Hector, archaic); spec, culm, debris, detritus,
Amazon (Jem.), berserker, crusader. spilth, sands slops, trash, wash,
(pi.),
warship, 71. iSpec. battleship, cruiser, battle wilderness, dross, leakage, junk, allu-
cruiser, destroyer, dreadnought, monitor, vium, egesta.
frigate. Antonyms: see savings (see saving, n. 8).
warty, o. verrucous orr verrucose (J)oth 8. See desert, devastation.
tech.), warted {rare). wasted, a. 1. lost (contextual); spec.
wash, n. 1. Spec, rinse {colloq.), scrub, squandered, misspent.
scour,swab; see bath, cleaning, sflabh, 2. See emaciate.
OASGLE. wasteful, a. prodigal, unthrifty; see ex-
2. Referring to the waves: see break. travagant.
8. Referring to liquid with which to coat or Antonyms: see economical, stingy.
wash: spec, bath, liquor, coat, calcimine, wastefulness, n. prodigality, imthrift.
whitewash, pigment, paint, embrocation, waster, n. prodigal, wastrel, lavisher;
liniment, lotion, eyewater, coUyrium. see spendthrift.
4. In geology: spec, alluvium, till, silt. Antonyms: see niggard.
6. Referring to an amount of clothes to be wasting, a. U tabescent (tech.).
washed: washing, batch, buck. 2. Causing wasting: emaciative, tabific
wash, V. t. 1. clean {contextual), lave (J/iter- (tech.).
ary), bathe; spec, rinse, sluice, irrigate, wasting, n. emaciation, tabefaction (tech.),
launder, lick, lip. contabescence (rare); spec, maceration,
2. coat (amtextual); spec, calcimine, marasmus, syntexis, colliquation, con-
whitewash, paint. sumption, tabes.
8. See ABSOLVE. watch, n. 1. Referring to the cud: observa/-
wash, V. lave (literary); spec, lip, rinse,
i. 1. tion (contextual), ward, guard, vigil (for-
scour (usually jocular as used of the face), mal or literary), outlook, espial (rare),
scrub, flush, sluice; see bathe, splash. wake (chiefly spec.); spec, oversi^t
2. Referring to covering vnth a liquid: (rare), surveillance, dog watch, round;
spec, coat, elutriate (rare), flush, edulco- see GUARD.
rate, gull (dial, or tech.), pan; see splash, 2. One who vmtches:observer, ward; spec.
LAtTNDER, GARGLE, PURIFT. sentinel, sentry (the more technical mili-
washer, n. burr (of a rivet). tary term), picket; see guard.
washing, n. 1. The action: ablution (rare), S. A timepiece: tompion (obs.), ticker
lavage (chiefly med.), lavation (literary, (slang), tattler (slang); spec, bull's-eye
pedantic, or tech.); spec, elution (rare), (colloq.), hack.
edulcoration, lavabo; see cleaning. watch, invigilate (rare or spec.); spec.
V. i.
2. See vrAsn. waken mark, picket, preside,
(rare),
washing, Spec, lavatory (chiefly eccl.).
a. scout, float; see guard.
washroom, n. lavatory (formal or literary). watch, V. t. 1. observe (contextual), ovei-
washstand, n. lavabo (grandiose or cant); watch (emphatic), oversee (rare), ward
spec,coinmode. (archaic), attend (rare), notice (rare),
wasplike, a. vespine (tech.). espy (archaic), twig (slang), stag (slang),
waste, V. t. 1. lose, dissipate, squander, mark (rare or literary); spec, dragonize
scatter (archaic), misspend, consume (rare), follow, eye; see guard.
(contextiud); spec, lavish, dilapidate 2. See AWAIT.
(rare), wanton, riot, lounge, fritter (chief- watchdog, n. bandog (archaic), porter
ly vrith "away"). (fig.); spec. Cerberus (fig.).
Antonyms: see economize, stint, pre- watcher, n. observer (contextual), guard
serve , (rare); spec, lookout, crow (thieves' cant),
2. See devastate, desolate, emaciate. spy, picket, scout, dragon or (fern.) drag-
3. emaciate, tabefy (tech.), lorpine (ar- oness, invigilator.
chaic). watchful, a. observing (contextual), vigi-
waste, tabefy (tech.), pine, dwine (ar-
V. i. lant, alert; spec, erect.
chaic or Scot); spec, molder. Antonyms: see careless.
Antonyms: see fatten. watching, n. vigilance; spec, surveillance,
waste, n. 1. squander, ineconomy (rare); spying, espionage, invigilation.
spec, estrepement; see decay. watchman, n. watch, ward (archaic);
Antonyms: see economy. spec, lookout, scout, runner, patrol,
2. Referring to what is wasted: wastage, night watchman, Charley (obs.), dozener
offal (tech.), refuse, wastrel (literary or (obs.); see guard.
ST Cross references: see Note. wash, V. i.: break. wastrel: waster.
wary: careful. waste, a.: wild, desolate. watchfulness: alertness.

31 fW See Notes of Explanation.

469
 WATCHTOWER
watchtower, n. beacon. 2. See FLICKER, PAl/TEE, TOTTER.
spec.
watchword, n. word, cry, shibboleth {fig.); waver, v. i. 1. wave {eontextvM);
, see PASSWORD, cottnteesign. fluctuate, oscillate, pendulate {rare); see
water, n. 1. aqua {Latin), eau {French); FLICKER, TOTTER.
spec, lymph {rhetorical or poetic), crystal 2. vacillate, balance, fluctuate; see hes-
{•poetic),flood {poetic or rhetorical), steam. itate.
2. Abody of water: spec, dam, drink {hui- 3. See faivtbb.
or tech.);
morous; U. S.), sluice, river, lake, pond, waving, n. undulating Qiiesrary
sea, ocean, pool, etc.; see flood. spec, flying, flourish.
learned),
water, a. aquatic {formal or tech.), hy- wavy, o. 1. undulant {tech. or
draulic {tech.). undulatory {tech. en- learned); spec, sxirgy;
. .

water, v. t. 1. wet; spec, damp, ungate, see billowt, bipplt, rough, chopping,
flood, soak, sprinkle, moisten. FLICKEBING.
Antonyms: see dbt. 2. Marked with wavy lines: undate {tech.),

2. calender, moir6, tabby, cloud.

undulate {chiefly tech.), imdose {tech.),
water cooler. oUa {U. S. & formerly in undulated {tech.), repand {tech.); spec.
Spain, etc.), guggler, goglet, gugglet, flexuous, flamboyant, imd6 {her.), curly,
gorgolette {rare). crisp, crisped, crispy, gyrose; see ripply,
watercourse, n. run {chiefly U. 8. & sinuous.
North Eng. dial.); spec, arroyo {local, wasing, a. crescent {tech. or literary).
U. S.), nuUah {Ariglo-Indian), inlet, lead, waxy, a. 1. waxen, cereous {literary or
donga {South Africa). learned), ceraceous {tech.); spec, ceru-
water cure, hydrotherapy, hydrotherar minous.
peutics. 2. See IMPBBSSIBLB.
watered, a. moir6 {French). way, n. 1. via {Latin); spec, passage,
waterfall, n. fall; spec, cataract, cascade, avenue, path, footway, walk, route, cut,
force {local, Eng.), sault {local, America), lane, byway, midway, boulevard, drift-
Niagara (^.), hnn {chiefly Scot). way, canal, footpath, cul-de-sac {French),
watery, a. waterish, aqueous {learned or ferry, vpireway, wheelway, waterway,
tech.), hquid {rhetorical); spec, wheyish, fairway, thoroughfare, wynd {Scot. &
thin (contextiud), washy, serous. Eng.), alley, defile, causeway, gate, tran-
wattle, n. giU, jowl, jollop {rare); spec. sit, descent; seeTBACK, boad, path.

dewlap, jewing. 2. See DISTANCE, DIBECTION, CUSTOM,

wave, n. 1. undulation {literary or tech.); MANNER, PBOCEDUBE, COURSE.
spec, bore, billow, comber, curl, decuman wayside, n. roadside.
{rare), eager or eagre, groundswell heave, weak, a. 1. Having little power: feeble,
ripple, head, roller, ranger {rare), ripplet, weakly, feckless {Scot, or literary), foison-
sea, seiche, surge, swell, wavelet, white- less {chiefly Scot.), infirm, asthenic {tech.);
cap; see BILLOW, KIPPLE. spec, debilitated, impotent, decrepit, in-
2. A body of moving water: spec, flood, energetic, shaky {colloq.), strengthless,
flush. doddered, groggy {slang or farriery), deb-
3. See undulation, sinuositt, swing, ile {obs. or archaic), crazed {archaic),
SEA, GESTURE, FLOURISH. crazy {archaic), imbecile {rare), impuis-
4. A
wave of emotion, success, etc.: flush, sant (rare), brittle^. weakUng {rare),
tide. poorly, languid, faintly, sickly, faint,
wave, V. i. 1. undulate; spec, heave, wal- feeblish, effeminate, enervated, dotty
low {archaic), ripple, fluctuate (rare), roll, {colloq. or slang), low, atonic {tech.), re-
curl, crisp, crinkle; see bipplb. miss, puny, forceless, nerveless, small,
2. swing {contextual), flaunt, tremble spineless;see powerless, effeminate,
{fig.), shake, sway; spec, play, flow, rip- UNCONVINCING.
ple; see FLUTTEK, undulate. Antonyms: see strong, able, cogent,
3. See GESTURE, CURVE. POWERFUL, FIRM, FORCIBLE, INTENSE,
wave, V. t. swing {contextual), sway, VIGOROUS.
shake; spec, flourish, brandish, flaunt, 2. Having little power to resist: unsub-
ripple, flash, flare {rare), stream, flutter; stantial, frail, slimsy ^
{colloq., U. S.),
see WAVEB, EIPPLE, FLOURISH. delicate, soft, molluscous {fig.), slender,
waver, n. 1. wave {contextual), oscillation, reedy (fig.), tender, infirm, spineless
fluctuation. {fig.); spec, fragile, paper {fig.), brittle.

f^' Cross references; see Note. wattle, n.: switch, withe. wayfarer: traveler.
waterless: dry. wattle, V. t.: bind. waylay: ambush.
watershed: divide. wax, V. i.: rise, increase, be- wayward: disobedient, capri-
waterway: way. come, grow. cious, perverse.

iCW See Notes of Explanation.

470
 WEB-FOOTED
nckety, boneless (fig.), sinewless, inver- 4. See ailment.
tebrate (fig.), little; see slight, fragile, weal, n. Spec, welt, wale, ridge, fleabite,
BMTTLE, COMPLAISANT. streak.
Antonyms: see strong, viGOROtrs. wealth, n. 1. riches, fortune, substance,
8. Referring to liquors: thin, small, single lucre (chiefly depreciatory), pelf (depre-
(archaic), Ught, wash, washy. aatory), mammon (Biblical), gold (rhetor-
weaken, v. t. 1. enfeeble, feeble (rare ar- m ical for large sums), treasure, moneybags
chaic); spec, unstring, undermine, depo- (fig.); spec, capital.
tentiate (rare), shake, reduce, imbeciU- 2. opulence, affluence, richness, wealthi-
tate (rare), impair, debihtate, retund ness.
(rare), faint (rare), disinvigorate (rare), Antonyms: see poverty.
unsinew (f^.; rare), devitalize, unman, 3. See abundance.
emasculate, attenuate, enervate, indis- weapon, n. arm (chiefly in pi.); spec, dag-
pose, disintensify, slacken, sap^ stagger, ger, gun, sword, etc.
blunt, bate, effeminate, effeminize, un- wear, consume (contextual), eat, im-
v. t. 1.
nerve. pair; see deteriorate, fray, exhaust.
Antonyms: see strengthen, confirm, 2. carry (as a watch, crutches, etc.), bear
ENERGIZE, FIRM, INTENSIFY. (as in defense or display), sport (coUoq.),
2. Reduce the resisting force of: shake, display (collog.).
impair; spec, fatigue, strain. 8. See pass.
Antonyms: see strengthen. wear, n. consumption (contextv/xl), impair-
8. See DILUTE, adulterate. ment; spec, detrition (tech. or leamea).
weaken, v. i. 1. decline, languish, flag, fail. wearied, a. tired, fatigued, worn; spec.
S. See BACKSLIDE. ennuyd (French), bored.
weakened, a. enfeebled, broken, reduced,
Antonyms: see fresh.
impaired, broken-down; spec, decrepit,
weariness, n. fatigue, tire (coUoq.), tired-
emasculated, atonic (tech.), enervate [fi^.
ness (rare); spec, ennui (French), tedium,
or literary), unmanly, effeminate. boredom, languor, lassitude, languish-
Antonyms: see strengthened; cf. ment, sickness, monotony.
STRENGTHEN. Antonyms: see freshness, energy.
weakening, a. debilitating, debihtant wearing, a. Referring to pain: racking,
(rare), debUitative, asthenic (tech.); spec. grinding.
exhausting. wearisome, a. weary, weariful (rare), fa-
Antonyms: see strengthening; qf. tiguesome (rare); spec, borish, tedious,
STRENGTHEN. boring, irksome; see tiresome.
weakening, n. enfeeblement, impairment, Antonyms: see restful, refreshing.
impair (archaic), labefaction (rare); spec. weary, v. t. 1. fatigue, tire, wear (as with
attenuation, effemination, debihtation. "out").
weakling, n. jellyfish (fig.), squab (fig.). Antonyms: see rest.
Antonyms: see athlete. 2. Referring to mental attitude: bore, en-
weakly, o. frail, tender, unhardy (rare); nui (rare; French), tire, irk (archaic);
spec, rickety; see delicate. spec, glut, surfeit.
Antonyms: see strong, vigorous, hardy. Antonyms: see divert.
weak-minded, a. feeble-minded; spec. weary, v. i. tire; see sicken.
doting, dotish. weary, a. 1. See tired.
weakness, n. 1. feebleness, impotence, im- 2. impatient, ennuied, aweary (poetic);
potency, impuissance (rare), infirmness, spec, careworn; see sick, discontented.
caducity (literary); spec, decrepitude, weathervane, n. weathercock, vane, cock.
superannuation, senility, atony (tech.), weave, v. t. 1. inweave (rare), compose
debihty, neurasthenia (tech.)^ faintness, (contextual), loom (rare); spec, twill, knit,
languidness, languor, imbecUity, puni- tissue, damask.
ness, attenuation. 2. <See interlace, design.
Antonyms: see strength, energy, in- weaving, n. loom (fig.), weave (cant).
tensity, power. web, n. 1. Web of spiders, etc.: cobweb,
2. frailty,frailness; spec, invertebracy net; spec, tent, gossamer.
(rare), delicacy;see effeminacy. 2. /See feather, membrane, plate, TISSUE.
Antonyms: see vigor. webbed, a. vexillate (tech.).
S. foible, faihng, foiblesse (rare; old web-footed, a. bicolligate (rare), pal-
French); spec, hking, besetment. miped (tech.), totipalmate (tech.).
t^ Cross references: see Note. weanling: infant. tegrate.
wealthy: rich. wear, v. i.: pass, endure. weather, c. L: disintegrate.
wean: alienate. weather, v. t.: overcome, disin- weathercock: weathervane.

V^ See Notes of Explanation.

471
 WED
wedge, n. quoin or coin (fec^. or literary); welcome, V. t. embrace {spec, or fig.),
spec, shim, cleat, slice, cotter, chock, block, gratulate {archaic); spec, greet.
forelock, froe, frow, glut, gore, bias. welcome, n. bienvenue {French); see
wedge-shaped, a. spheroid {chiefly tech.), greeting.
cuneiform {tech. w
literary), cuneal {rare), welfare, n. weal, well-being; spec com-
cuneate {chiefly tech.), wedgy {rare). monwealth {obs.), commonweal {obso-
weeds, n. pi. sackcloth {a collective), sa- lescent).
bles IpL), mourning. well, n. 1. eye {archaic); spec, cesspool,
week, n. sevennight {literary or rare), sen- gusher.
night {archaic), heptad {rare), hebdomad 2. See SHAFT.
{chiefly spec; rare). well, adv. 1. Spec, exemplarily, capitally,
weekly, a. hebdomadal or hebdomadary first rate {colloq.), finely, gallantly, fairly,
{learned; chiefly spec). clean, famously {colloq.), splendidly {col-
weep, V. i. 1. cry, greet {Scot.); spec, blub- loq.), nobly, rarely, timely, properly,
ber {generally cordemptiums and in ridi- justly; see THOROUGHLT.
cule), bUrt {dial.), boohoo {contemptuous; Antonyms: see poorlt.
often jocular), wail; see cry. 2. Spec conveniently, fortimately, agree-
Antonyms: seeiiATjGH. ably, favorably (qf. convenient, for-
S. See DMP, DKOOP. tunate, etc.).
weeping, n. cry {colloq.), greet {Scot.), well, a. whole, sound, right {rare), whole-
laohrymation {rare), tears {pi.), ploration some {obs. or archaic), aohitiab. (dial, or
{rare), lachrymals {pi.; rare), sobbing; slang); seeHBAi/THT.
C/.LAMENTATION. Antonyms: see ailing.
Antonyms: see laughter. well-balanced, a. level {colloq., U. S.).
weeping, a. 1. lachrymatory {learned or well-being, n. good, welfare, health (ar-
tech.), ploratory {rare). chaic); spec, comfort; see prosperity.
Antonyms: see laughing. Antonyms: see discomfort.
2. See DROOPING. well-born, a. thoroughbred {colloq. or fig.);
weigh, V. t. 1. trutinate {rare); spec, scale. see NOBLE, GENTLE.
2. consider {contextual), prepend {rare), well-bred, a. genteel (vulgar or depreaOr
ponderate {rare), poise {rare); spec, heft tory); spec, gentlemanly, ladylike.
(coUoq.). well-founded, a. reasonable, just.
3. See RAISE. Antonyms: see unfounded.
weigh, V. i. 1. scale {rare); spec, counter- well-informed, a. intelligent, posted
weigh. {colloq.); spec, well-read, learned.
2. To weigh on the mind: press, sit. Antonyms: see ignorant.
8. count, talk {slang); see matter. well-known, a. familiar, notorious; spec.
weight, n. 1. ponderousness {rare), pon- famous, renowned, celebrious (archaic),
derance {rare), ponderosity {literary; proverbial.
chiefly rhetorical), heaviness, heft {U. S. well- shaped, a. eumorphous (rare); see
& dial. Eng.); spec, tonnage, gravity. SHAPELY.
2. Spec plumb, sinker, counterbalance, Antonyms: see deformed.
pea, bob, plummet, counterpoise, halteres welsh, V. i. back out, jib, weaken, funk
(pZ.), bias; see plummet, clog. (slang), crawfish (fig.; colloq.).
3. See BURDEN, emphasis. weisher, n. funker, jibber (rare), weak-
weight, V. t. ingravidate {rare and chiefly ener, recreant.
fig.); spec plumb, load, lead; see lead, wench, n. 1. girl (which see); spec, (in de-
load, burden. preciation) blowze, dowdy or dowdie,
weightless, a. imponderable. trull, slut (not in polite use).
weir, n. stop {contextual); spec, goryd 2. (See maidservant.
{local, Eng.), lasher {chiefly local, Eng.), werewolf, n. lycanthrope, loup-garou
hedge, waste; see dam. (French).
weird, a. eerie or eery {literary), unearthly, west, n. Occident (rare, exc. spec, and with
uncanny, witching, eldritch (chiefly Scot.); cap., "Occident"), sunset.
spec, elvish, elfish. see east.

I^' Cross references; see Note. weet: cry. well-behaved: order^, good.
wed: marry. weft: woof. well-conducted: orderly.
wedding: marriage. weighty: heavy. well-disposed: kindly.
wedge, 0. i.: crowd. welcome: acceptable. well-founded: reasorutble. Just.
wedlock: marriage. welcome: acceptable, pleasant. well-shaped: shapely.
wee: minute. welkin: heaven. well-to-do: prosperous, rich.
weep, V. t: shed, drip. well, V, i,: flow. welt, V. t.: beat.
weep, n.: cry. well-becoming: becoming. welter: tiimMe,

t9°See Notes of Explanation.

472
 WHIRL
western, a. west, westerly, westward, whence, adv. where, wherefrom (format),
Hesperian (poeHc), ponent (obs. or rare), wheneeforth (rare); spec, whencesoever.
occidental (rare, exc. spec, and cap., where, ado. 1. Spec wherever.
"Ocddenial"). 2. whereto (forma]), whither.
Antonyms: see eastern. whereness, n. ubiety (rare), ubication
wet, a. madid (rare); spec, drippy, dewy, (rare).
rainy, sprinkly, drunken (rare or literary), whetstone, n. Spec, rubstone, buir, hone,
dripping, irriguous (rare), nasty (context- oilstone.
ual) , soppy, sloppy, slushy, slobbery which, pron. whether (archaic).
(chiefly dial.), wishywashy (colhq.), spewy, whichever, pron. whether (archme).
squelchy, clammy, sour, dabby; see while, conj. whilst (archaic), wMes (ar-
MOIST, FOUL. chaic).
Antonyms: see dht. whine, n. cant, snivel.
wet, V. t. water (chiefly in spec, senses), whine, V. i. whimper, mewl, cant, pule;
moil (archaic), humidify (rare), humect spec, snivel, nasillate (rare).
(rare), humectate (rare), hiimify (rare); whip, n. 1. flageUum (humorously pedan-
spec, dip, dag^e, dew, bedew, drench, tic), scourge (rhetorical or spec); spec, cat,
dabble, sluice, slaver, slobber, shower, be- cat-o'-nine-tails, kourbash or koorbash,
draggle, bedrabble, bedabble, draggle, knout, crop, cowhide, swin^, switch,
soak, saturate, moisten, irrigate, em- dick (slang), plet (French), auirt (U. S),
bathe (poetic), drown, bucket, buck (rare), buUwhack (V. S.), taws (pt), sjambok,
blubber, beweep (rare), besplash, be- chabouk; see lash.
slubber, bedrencn, baste (cookery), nose; 2. See SNAP.
see MOISTEN. whip, V. 1. beat (contejMal), scourge
t.

Antonyms: dht.
see (rhetorical or spec), swinge, flagellate
wet, n. moisture; spec, humidity, wash, (tech. or learned); spec, switch, rawhide,
damp. twig (rare), cowhide, flog, knout, koor-
wetting, n. humectation (rare); spec. bash, lace, willow, thong, horse, birch,
drench, irrigation (rare, exc. spec), flush- flick, breech, double-thong (coUoq),
ing. horsewhip, tar, quirt, discipline (rare, exc.
wetting, a. Spec, irriguous (rare), irriga- spec), slash, lash.
tional or irrigative (rare, exc. spec). 2. iSee GATHER, DEFEAT, HURRY, SNAP,
whale, n. cetacean (contextual), cete (liter- TAKE.
ary); spec, cub, finner. whipped, a. flagellate (rare).
wharf, n. Spec, quay, pier (o pier used whlpper, n. flagellator (learned); spec.
as a wharf), dock (coUoq. & U. S.), key flagellant.
(obs.). whipping, a. flagellatory (learned), flagel-
whatever, n. whatsoever (formal or ar- lative (rare).
chaic), whatsomever (dial. & illiterate). whipping, n. 1. flagellation (learned or
whatnot, n. rack (contexttwl); spec. spec); spec, flogging, dusting (coUoq.),
6tag6re (French). jacketing (coMog.^ quilting (rare), basti-
wheat, n. cereal (contextual), grain (con- nado, breeching.
textual); spec, frumenty, spelt. 2. See DEFEAT.
wheel, n. 1. Spec, roller, balance, caster, whippletree, n. crossbar, singletree, swin-
bowl, pulley, fusee, rowel, roulette, trun- gletree.
dle, truck, troUey, lap, drum, sheave, whip-shaped, a. flagellate (learned or
scaofe (local), skive, truckle; see cycle, tech).
CASTER, TtTKN. whir, n. Spec, birr or burr, chirr or chir,
2. See ROTATION, REVOLUTION, TTJBN. whiz, whish (rare).
wheeler, n. Referring to a horse: poler, whirl, n. 1. rotation (which see); spec, vor-
thiller. tex (tech), reel, spin, pirouette, twirl,
wheel-shaped, a. rotate (tech. or learned), swirl.
rotiform. 2. Referring to bodily motion in a circuit:
wheezy, o. phthLsicky (humorous). revolution, swirl, vortex (tech.); spec, eddy:
whelp, n. cub, puppy, pup. whirl, V. i. dk t. 1. rotate (which see); spec.

f^ Cross references: see Note. tate, move, revolve. whigmaleerie:

while,
contrivance.
whaok, V. t: beat. wheeze, »..* breath. t: pass.
V.

whack, n.: bump, blow. wheeze, v. i.: breathe. wiiim: caprice.

whacking: big. whelk: protuberance. whimper: cry.
whale, V, t: beat. whelm: submerge. wliimsical: capricious.
wheedle, v. t.: cajole, get. whet: grind, excite. whin: furze.
wheel, V. i.: roll, cirde, revolve. whifl, n.; buna, cloud. whinner, whinny: neigh.
wheel, V. t: roll, transport, ro- whlfl, v.: blow. whip-shaped: flagellate.

f^" See Notes of Explanation.

473
 '

WHIRLING
reel, swirl, spin, pirouette, trundle, twirl,whitening, a. canescent (learned or liter-
whip. ary), incanescent (rare), albescent (tech.
3. Referring to hodily motion in a circuit: or learned),
revolve {which see), swirl; spec. eddy. whitening, n. dealbation (rare, exc. spec.);
whirling, a. 1. rotatory, vertiginous (learn- spec, blanching, bleaching, bleach.
ed); spec, giddy, dizzy. whitewash, n. Spec, parget (rare), rough-
2. revolving, vortical (learned), vorticose cast, calcimine.
(rare),vertiginous (rare), swirling, swirly whitewash, v. t. 1. white; spec, calcimine.
(rare), eddying. 2. To make speciously fine by use of fair
whirlpool, n. vortex (learned), gurge words: gild, varnish (slang).
(rare), well (rare), gulf (now chiefly fig?); whitewashed, a. white-Umed.
spec, eddy, curl, gurglet, maelstrom, whitish, a. white, albescent, whity (rare).
Charybdis (fi^.). whole, a. 1. total, entire, complete, all
whirlpool-like, o. gulfy (poetic). (with "the" or predicative), integral (rare),
whisker, n. 1. hair; spec, vibrissa (tech.); integrate (learned or rare), gross, indis-
see FEELER. crete; see INTACT.
2. In pi.: seebeakd. Antonyms: see broken.
whisky, n. usquebaugh
(Irish or Scot, or See WELL.
2.
humorous), tanglefoot (slang, U. S.); spec. whole, n. totality, entirety, entire (rare),
poteen or potheen (Irish). aU, ensemble, general (archaic), be-all
whisper, n. 1. murmur, buzz. (rare or spec.), integer; spec, integral
Antonyms: see shout. (math.), complex.
2. See BUSTLE. Antonyms: see abstract, part.
whisper, v. i. 1. speak (contextual), round wholeness, n. entirety (which see), com-
(archaic). pleteness, totality, totalness, integralness,
Antonyms: see shout. integrity, integrality (rare), allness (rare),
2. See HUSTLE. omneity (rare), omnitude (rare); spec.
whisper, v. t. speak (contextual), breathe, universahty, undividedness, intactness.
round (archaic). wholesale, adv. in block, en bloc (French).
Antonyms: see shout, vociferate. wholly, adv. entirely, clean, fully, alto-
whispering, a. susurrous (^earned), susur- gether, quite, utterly, outright.
rant (rare); spec, rustling. Antonyms: see partially.
whistle, n. i. note (contextual); spec, call, whore, v. i. wench (archaic), drab.
catcall, siren, pipe, whew. whorl, n. volution (tech.), gyre (rare); spec.
2. The thing: spec, hooter, pipe. involucre or involucrum.
whistle, V. i. 1. Spec, siffle (rare or literary), why, adv. wherefore {formal or archaic).
pipe, pule, flute, toot. wicked, a. evil, iniquitous, wrong, wrong-
2. See SING. ful, bad, nefarious (chiefly
literary), ne-
white, a. 1. candid (archaic); spec, whit- fandous (learned),sinister, perverse, felon,
ish, silver, mUky, whity (rare), snowy, dark, black, iU (rare or literary), nefast
snowish, ivory, frosty, hoary, canescent, (rare), unholy, unrighteous; spec, unre-
frosted, marmoreal (Jig.; poetic or rhetor- generate, obdurate, ungodly, heinous,
ical), marmorean (fig.; rare), chalky. abominable, atrocious, black-hearted, in-
Antonyms: see black. famous, facinorous (archaic), graceless,
2. See PURE. godless, devilish, flagitious, horrible, cor-
white, n. 1. glair (of an egg). rupt, unprincipled, ungracious (ohs.),
2.cracker (a poor white; U. S.). vicious, villainous, criminal; see sinful,
white man. Spec, buckra (a Negro term), FLAGRANT.
pakeha (New Zealand), paleface. Antonyms: see sinless, virtuous, in-
whiten, v. t. white, dealbate (ohs., exc. nocent.
spec), blench (rare), bleach (spec, or fig.), wickedness, n. evilness, evU, turpitude,
blanch (spec, or fig.); spec, pale, etiolate, iniquity, perversity, depravity, darkness
besnow, grizzle, silver, ermine (fig.; rare), (fi^.), ill (rare), iniquitousness, unright-
hearthstone, frost. eousness, improbity (literary), perverse-
Antonyms: see blacken. ness, pravity (rare); spec, darkness,
whiteness, n. 1. Spec, canescence, hoari- unregeneracy, corruption, villainy, crim-
ness,milkiness,frostiness,blink,grizzUness. inality, crime, obduracy, corruption, pu-
2. See PURITY. tridity, gracelessness, godlessness, atroc-

K^^ Cross references: see Note. whist, interj.: whoop, n.: cry.
whisk, 71.; flourish. wliit, n.; particle, little. whoop, V. i.: shout.
whisk, V. t: flourish. white-lixued: whitewashed. whop, V. i.: flounce.
whisk, V. i.: rush. whiz: hum, whir. whore: harlot.
whiskered: bearded. wholesome: healthful, sweet. wicket a gate.

K^ SeeNotes of Explanation.
474
 — .

WIND
diabolism, malignity
ity, devilry, deviltry, wiggle, V. i. 6k t. tweedle; see twiddle.
(rare), enormity; see sin, impiety, plag- wild, a. 1. imtamed, savage, untame, feral
KANCY, IMMORALITY, HOBRIBLBNBSS. (learned), ferine (rare), undomesticated;
Antonyms: see virtue, holiness; also spec, tameless.
qf. SINLESS. Antonyms: see tame.
wide, a. broad, broadish, expanded;
1. 2. uncultivated, vnlding (poetic), incult
spec, heavenwide, statewide, nationwide. (rare); spec, desert, waste, rough, luxuri-
Antonyms: see narrow. ant, desolate, rude.
See SPACIOUS, roomy, comprehen-
8. Antonyms: see cui/tivatbd; c/. cinyri-
sive, ASTRAY, INCLUSIVE, EXPANSIVE. vate.
widely, adv. far. S. Of persons or conduct: harum-scarum,
widen, V. 1. 1. broaden, breadthen (rare). harum (rare); see excited, frolicsome,
Antonyms: see narrow. GAY.
See ENLARGE, EXPAND, EXTEND.
2. 4. See STORMY, ROUGH, RECKLESS, BOIS-
wldeness, n. broadness; see expansion, TEROUS, UNCULTIVATED, EXTRAVAGANT,
ENLARGEMENT, EXTENSION. DISSIPATED, ILL-CONSIDERED, UNCON-
widenins, a. broadening; see expansive. TROLLED.
widespread, a. diffuse, rife; spec, world- wild-looking, a. frenzied, haggard.
wide, nationwide, statewide; see exten- wildness, n. 1. savageness, savagery, fer-
sive, GENERAL. ity (rare).
Antonyms: see local. 2. imcultivation, naturalness, incultiva-
wide-spreading, a. effuse (archaic). tion (rare); spec, desolation.
widow, n. relict (legal), matron (context- willful, a. heady, headstrong, capitose
lud); spec, jointress or jointuress, dow- (rare), willyard (Scot.); spec high-handed;
ager, suttee. see OBSTINATE, ARBITRARY.
widowed, viduous (rare), husbandless will, n. 1. voUtion, pleasure, mind, desire;
a.
I (contextual), bereaved (contextual), un- spec, discretion see intention.
;

husbanded (rare). 2. testament.

widowhood, n. viduity, viduation, vidu- willing, a. I. See intentional.
age; all rare. 2. volitive (rare), ready, forward, free
width, n. size (contextual), breadth, broad- (chiefly spec).
ness, amplitude (formal or literary), lati- Antonyms: see unwilling.
tude (obs. or humorous), wideness; spec. willingly, adv. readily, freely, lief (liter-
tread, measure, diameter, beam, span, ary).
roonuness, spaciousness. wlll-o*-the-wisp, re. ignis-fatuus, jack-o'-
wield, V. t. ply, manipulate, handle; see lantern or jack-ar-lantern, wisp.
play, exercise, manage. willowy, a. supple (contextual), willowish
wieldy, a. handy (colloq.). (rare); see plexiblb.
Antonyms: see unwieldy. Antonyms: see stiff.
wife, n. spouse (contextual), woman (corv- willy-nilly, ado. nolens volens (Latin).
textual; low, contemptuous, or dialect), wimple, n. gorget (historical).
helpmate (chiefly rhetorical or literary; a win, V. t. I. gain, get (rore), conquer, carry
corruption of the Biblical "helpmeet"), rib (as one's point), gather, obtain (archaic),
(humorous or in allusion to Gen. ii:Sl), score (fig., exc. spec); spec, steal, recover,
queen (fig., exc. spec), matron (context- take, make, kick.
ual), lady (contextual; complimentary or Antonyms: see lose.
deferential), feme (legal); spec, concubine, 2. gain, engage; spec, reclaim, recover,
Grizel, grass widow, bride, empress. curry (as a person with one in argument),
Antonyms: see husband, celibate. concihate see induce.
;

witellke, a. wifely. Antonyms: see estrange.

wifely, a. matronly (contextual) 3, Spec reach, accomphsh.
wig, n. periwig (obs. or historical), jasey win, V. i. Spec, recover, overcome; see suc-
spec; colloq. and humorous); spec
(chiefly ceed.
toupee, peruke, pigtail, tail, Ramillie, wind, n. meteor (tech.; contexlvM), air
frizz, Gregorian, Brutus, Chedreu.x (chiefly spec); spec, aura, blow, blast,
(French); see grizzle. blare (archaic), blizzard, bluster, blus-
wig, V. t. periwig (now rare), bewig (em- terer, Boreas, breath, flurry, breeze, bus-
phatic); spec, periike (rare). ter, Cfficias, cat's-paw, coil, cyclone, east.
IS" Cross references: see Note.
 ——
WIND
Eurus fanning {rare), flaught {chiefly windy, a. 1. airy, breezy, blowy; spec.,

Scot.), flaw, foehn {German) or fohn, blasty, gusty, blustery, blusterous, drafty,
fresh, fuff {rare or Scot.), squall, gale fretful, fitful, squally, stormy.
{naui., a storm; poetic and rhetorically, a 2. See FLATULENT, EXPOSED. *

gentte breeze), gust, hurricane, monsoon, wine,^. 1. vinum (tech.; Latin); spec, cup,
scud, puff, simoon, sirocco, siroc {rare), verdea (Italian), sherry, vidoma, sack,
slant, slap, sough, slat, snorter {slang or tent, must; see element.
colloq.), storm, tornado, typhoon, waft, 2. See FEAST.
whiff, whiflBe, whirlwind, wlusk, windate, wine, a. vinic, vinous ; both tech. or learned.
williwaw, windfall, zephyr, Zephyrus. wine cellar. Spec, catacomb.
wind, v.i. twist, turn, wry {archaic); spec. wine -colored, a. vinous; tech. or learned.
twine, meander, serpen tize {rare), snake wineshop, n. bodega (Spanish).
{rare), coil, spool {rare), circuit, bottom, wing, n. 1. ala (tech.; Latin), sail (poetic
curl, zigzag. or tech.)j van (rare); spec, pinion, poiser,
wind, V. t. 1. turn {contextual), entwine alula, winglet, elytrum.
{emphatic or formal); spec, twine, twist, 2.Wing of an army: horn (rare).
involve, wreathe, coil, crank, roll, reel, quiU. 3.See EXTENSION, LOBE, SAIL, PLIGHT.
2. To wrap something around: encu'cle wing cover, elytrum, shard (an erroneous
{contexttuil); spec, serve, woold, gange, usage, based on an erroneous interpretation
worm. of Shakespeare; see the Oxford English
wind, n. curve {contexttud), tiirn^ twist; Dictionary). .

spec, twine, meander, coil, circuit, curl, winged, a. 1. See alas.

curling, roll, crankle {rare or Scot.), zig- 2. pennate.
zag; see SINUOSITY, coil. 3. lofty, wingy, soaring, aspiring.
winder, n. Spec, flyer, blow {chiefly in winged creature, volatile (rare or obs.).
"sidewinder"). wingless, a. apterous (tech.), impennate
windfall, n. Spec, obvention {occasional or (chiefly spec), flightless.
incidental, rare; chiefly tech.), legacy. wink, re. 1. twinkle, bUnk.
winding, a. crooked {contextual), twisting, 2. See MOMENT.
turning, sinuous (formal or literary), de- wink, V. i. twinkle, bhnk; spec, nictate,
vious {contextruil), voluble (rare); spec. nictitate.
meandering, meandrous, serpentine, winking, a. nietitant (tech. or rare).
snaky, tortuose (rare), tortuous, cranky, winnow, v. t. 1. separate, ventilate, wind
circuitous; see sinuous. fan.
(rare); see
winding, n. 1. twisting, turning, circuit; 2.See FLAP.
spec, twining, sinuation (formal or liter- winter, n. hiems (Latin).
ary), reeling, filature. Antonyms: see summer.
2. That which winds: twist, bend (coti- winter, a. hiemal (literary or leai^ied), hi-
textual);spec, meander (chiefly in pi.), bernal (rare).
serpentry (rare), circumvolution (rare), winter, v. i. hibernate (spec, or learned),
crinkle-crankle, intervolution, crankle, shack (local, U. S.), overwinter (rare),
insinuation (rare); see sinuosity. hiemate (rare).
wind instruments, wind (cant or colloq.); Antonyms: see summer.
spec, brass wind, wood wind. wintering, a. hibernating (spec, or learned),
windlass, n. roU (contextual), roller (con^ latitant (rare).
textual); spec, capstan, hurdy-gurdy, wintering, n. hibernation (spec, or letmed),
winch, jack. hiemation (rare), latitancy (rare),
window, n. light, casement (spec, or po- wintry, o. winterly, brumal (literary),
etic), fenestration (o collective; learned or brumous (literary).
tech.), bole (Scot.); spec, fenestella (rare), wipe, V. t. rub, mop; spec. feak.
windowlet, dormer, lattice, oriel, bay, wiper, n. Spec, squeegee, wipe.
bow, bow-window, glass, transom, rosace, wisdom, re. 1. sapience (learned and chiefly
lychnoscope (tech.), bull's-eye, oeil-de- humoroiis), advisability, pohcy, wiseness.
boeuf (French), lucarne (ohs. or French). Antonyms: see unwisdom, foolishness.
window, a. fenestral (rare). 2. iSee LEARNING.
window-shaped, a. fenestriform (rare). S. advisability, expediency, policy; see
windpipe, n. weasand (archaic), trachea PRUDENCE.
(tech.), guggle (slang). wise, a. 1. sapient (learned and chiefly hvi-

XW^ Cross references: see Note. wing-shaped, a.: alar. tractive.

wind-up; end. winner: conqueror. winsome: attractive.
wine. V. t.: feast. winning, n.: conquest, gain. wiredraw: refine.
winglilce: alar. winning, a.: persuasive, at- wirework: filigree.

^S" See Notes ot Explanation.

476
 .

WOMAN
nwrous or ironical), sage, Solomonic (fig.); wither, V. t. wilt, shrivel, wizen, sear,
spec, worldly-wise; see learned, experi- bUght (contextual), fade.
enced, SKIIiLFnii. Antonyms: see swell.
a. advisable, expedient, politic; see pru- withered, a. wilted,
sear or sere, wizen,
dent, JTJDicaous. bhghted (contextual); spec, sapless.
AnUmyms: see unwise, foolish, unad- Antonyms: see swollen, fresh.
VISABLE. withering, a. Spec, marcescent (tech.).
.wiseacre, n. 1. sojihist {rare), sapient withhold, V. t. 1. Spec, forbear,
check,
'{homed and chiefly jocular). "Wiseacre" spare, detain.
is now chiefly depreciatory. 2. See RESTRAIN, keep.
Antonyms: see blockhead. within, prep. 1. in, inside; spec, inboard.
2. See SCHOLAR. Antonyms: see outside.
wishbone, n. furcula (tech.), furculum (an 2. See DURING.
incorrect form), merrythought (chiefly lit- within, adv. in, internally,
interiorly, in-
erary). side, withinside (rare), ben (Scot.); spec.
wit, n. 1. See intelligence, fun. indoora.
8. Referring to a unity person: spec, droll, without, prep. 1. sang (archaic);
spec, be-
bel-esprit (masc; French). yond.
witch, n. 1. pythoness (spec, err fig.), sibyl 2. See outside.
(sjiec. or fig.), cummer (Scot.); spec, water without, adv. outwardly,
externally; see
witch; see magician. outside.
2. See HAG, CHARMER. witlins, n. witticaster (chiefly literary),
with, prep. I. See bt. smart Alec (slang).
2. plus, besides. witness, n. 1. observer, overlooker, be-
withdraw, v. i. 1. See retire. holder, bystander.
2. retreat (contextual; spec), recede, re- 2. testifier; spec, compurgator.
tract, shrink, resile (literary), inshell 8. See EVIDENCE.
(rare), dissociate (rare), secede; see re- wits, n. pi. beaux esprits (French);
see
tire, RETREAT, DEPART. FACULTY.
Antonyms: see intrude, extend. witticism, n. saying, bon mot (French),
8. welsh, crawfish (fig.; coUoq., U. S.); quip, sally, flight, mot (French), jeu
spec, resue (tech.). d'esprit (French), quirk, sparkle.
withdraw, v. t. 1. remove, separate, sub- witty, a. clever (corvtextual), bright (c(m-
duce, take: spec, sequester, retract, re- textual), funny (coUoq.), sharp (contextual),
tire, slip (mth
"off" or "out"), minish smart, sparkling.
(rare), abduce, subtract, extract, deduct, Antonyms: see dull, stupid.
detract; see abstract, retire. wolf, n. Spec, whelp, cub, wolfkin, wolf-
Antonyms: see commit, insert, intro- ling, Isegrim or Isgrin (literary and ar-
duce, intrude. chaic; a personification), lobo, coyote, hy-
2. See recall. ena (often fig.).
withdrawal, See retirement.
n. 1. wolfish, a. 1. lupine (bookish or tech.), lu-
2. separation, removal, retraction; spec. pous (rare).
drain, subduction (rare), subtraction, de- 2. See PIERCE, CRUEL.
duction. woman, n. female (contextual), tabby (con-
Antonyms: see insertion, introduction. temptvmis), dona (slang), maness (rare),
3. See retirement, departure, riI- carline (chiefly spec; Scot.), feminine
TREAT, RECESSION, ABSTRACTION, RECALL. (rare), petticoat (fig.), femme (French),
withdrawer, n. Spec, seceder, burgher fair (archaic or poetic), burd (obs.), Ama-
(Scot.), secessionist (U. S. hist.), secesh zon (fig.); spec, beebee (Anglo-Indian),
(U. S. hist.; coUoq^,). beldam (literary), Bellona (fig.), cailleach
withe, n. withy, wicker, osier, wattle; see (Gael.), crone, cummer or kimmer (Scot.),
SWITCH. dame (hist, or poetic), damsel (archaic, lit-
Thither, II. i. 1. wilt, shrivel, dry, fade, erary or plai^ul), damosel or damozel
wizen, sear (rare). (poetic or a word of the romances), matron-
2. See DECLINE. age (a collective), dowager, dowd, hag.

t^' Cross references: see Note. bewiichery, berwitchment. withy: flexible.

wish: desire. withe, V. t: bind. wizard: magician.
wishful: desirous. withhold, V. i.: abstain. wizardry: magic.
wishy-washy: dilute. withlness: flexibility woe: sorrow, depression.
wistful: longing. withstand: resist, endure, op- woebegone: sorrowful.
witch, V. I.: bewitch. pose. woeful: sorrowful, depressing,
witchcraft: magic. withstanding: resistance, op- depressed.
witchery: magic, captivation. position. wold: down.

tS^See Notes of Explanation.

477
 . —
WOMAN-HATING
dragon or dragoness {fi9-)t duenna, gib woof, n. weft.
{reproachful), Gorgon (Jig.), matron, wool, n. 1. fleece; spec, marling, brokes,
mother, nymph, squaw, sylph, Titaness matchings, slub.
{fig.), vixen. 2. See down.
Antonyms: see man. wool-bearing, a. laniferous, lamific, lanig-
woman -hating, a. misogynous. erous; all tech. or learned.
Antonyms: see amatory. woolly, a. 1. fleecy, lanose {tech.).
womanish, a. petticoat, feminine, effem- 2. Bearing wool: lanate {tech.); spec.
inate; spec, haggish; see effeminate. ulotrichous.
Antonyms: see manly, 3. See FLUFFY, FLOCCULBNT.
womankind, n. woman, femininity, fem- word, n. 1. A unit of speech, having in mod-
inity (rare), feminine {archaic), woman- em writing a formal independence: term;
hood, distaff {f^.; used with "the"). spec, name, vocable, monosyllable, folio (o
Antonyms: see mankind. collective), accents {ph.), antonym, met-
womanly, a. womanlike; spec, ladylike, onym, synonym, heteronym, homonym.
matronal, matronly. 2. See speech, promise, information,
Antonyms: see childish, manly. conversation.
womb, n. ut«rus {tech.), matrix (rare), ven- word, a. Spec, lexical; see verbal.
ter {tech.), ventricle (rare). word, V. t. To express in words: spec.
wonder, n. 1. wonderment, astonishment, phrase.
awe; spec, see surprise. wordy, a. verbose {formal or literary); spec.
2. prodigy, marvel, miracle, portent, diffuse, garrulous; see prolix.
phenomenon {contextual), wonderwork. Antonyms: see concise.
wonder, v. i. 1. marvel. work, n. 1. toil, labor, moil iarchaic or lit-
2.See QUESTION. erary), business {chiefly spec), cark {ar-
wonderful, a. marvelous, miraculous, chaic); spec, handiwork, handwork, hand,
wondrous {elevaied), prodigious, porten- headwork, brainwork, joumeywork, el-
tous, astonishing, stupendous. bow grease {humorous), counterwork
Antonyms: see ordinary. {rare), slavery, grind, fag {coUoq.),
wondering, a. marveling, agape {predica- drudgery, turn, Sisyphism {fi^.; literary),
tive) . pain, corvee.
wonder-working, a. miraculous, thau- Antonyms: see indolence, rest, play,
maturgic {learned), mirific {rare and diversion.
jocular). 2. Concretely with "a": labor, opus; spec.
wood, n. 1. hurst {chiefly dial, or in combina- opuscule or opusculum {learned, often hu-
tion); spec, grove, shaw {rare or archaic), morous), bronze, statue, etc.
thicket, bosk, bosket, hanger {Eng.), holt 3. See TASK, occupation, service,
{poetic), covert, carr {Eng.), coppice, structure, embroidery, ornamenta-
copse, spinney, spinny, greenwood. tion, ACCOMPLISHMENT, EXERCISE.
2. Spec, brash, lumber, timber, loppings 4. In military usage: battery.
{pi.), lop {Eng.), driftwood. work, V. i. 1. labor {chiefly spec); spec.
wooded, a. overgrown {contextual); spec. peg {coUoq.), ply {rare), toil, cark {ar-
busky, tufty {rare). chaic), root {coUoq., slang; U. S.), hustle
wooden, a. 1. ligneous {chiefly jocular) {colloq.; U. S.), moil {archaic or literary),
2. See awkward, stupid, expressionless. drudge, poke, grind, slave, scrub, fag,
woodland, n. Spec, bush, bocage {French); job, char {Eng.), chore {U. S.), devil {cant
see forest. or slang), grub, lucubrate {rare or liter-
woodland, a. silvan or sylvan; spec, for- ary), push, sweat, practice or practise,
estal, forestial {rare). doctor, serve, hammer.
woodworker, n. Spec, carpenter, joiner, Antonyms: rest.
see idle, plat,
cabinetmaker, cartwright, wheelwright, 2. operate; run, seethe,
spec, act, go,
bender, ebonist. take see ferment.
;

woodr, a. 1. ligneous {tech.), lignescent, 3. See ACT, progress.

lignose {rare), xyloid. work, V. t. 1. To cause to work: spec, em-
Antonyms: see pulpy. ploy, belabor, drive, busy, drudge {rare),
2. Spec, sylvan, bosky, silvestral {rare), horse {cant), sweat.
silvestrian {rare), braky, nemorous (rare), 2. To put into operation: operate {chiefly
woodsy (U. S.). U. S.), play, run; spec, treadle, crank.

It^^ Cross references: see Note.

 —

WORTH
Antonyms: see rest, divert. worldly, a. temporal, terrestrial, secular,
8. To shape, make, or alter by work: spec. worldly-minded, terrene (literary); spec.
hammer, forge, tool, puddle, pug, knead, mundane, unspiritual, carnal (archaic),
beat, rough, torture, mold. earthborn, fleshly {rare), unregenerate,
4. To give effect or expression to: vent unsanctified.
{rage, fury, etc.). Antonyms: see heavenly, spiritual.
5. See ACCOMPLISH, manage, cultivate, worldwide, a. cosmopolitan {formal or
EXPLOIT, EMBROIDER, EFFECT, BURROW, literary); spec, universal.
ACT, PREPARE. Antonyms: see local.
workbag, n. Spec, reticule, hussy. worm, n. helminth {tech.; chiefly spec),
worked, a. wrought; spec, embroidered, vermin (o collective); spec, wormhng
chased, carved, imaid, etc. {chiefly fig.), grub, larva.
worker, n. 1. One who works: laborer, worm-eaten, a. wormy, vermiculate {tech.
toiler;spec, performer, moiler (Jiterary), or literary).
drudge, slave, hack, artist, grubber, wormlike, a. vermiform {tech.).
sweater, grinder, f agger, handicrafts- wormy, vermiculate (tech. or literary),
a.
man, jobber, handworker, practitioner, vermian {rare), helminthoid {rare), ver-
practician {rare). miceous {rare), vermicular, vermiform
Antonyms: see idler. {tech.), vermiculose {rare or tech.), vermin-
2. Aworker at some occupation of the so- ous {rare); spec, grubby, maggoty.
called working class: laborer, labor (a col- worn-out, a. gone, passi {French).
lective), hand; spec, journeyman, opera- Antonyms: see new.
tive, hind {Scot, and local Eng.), peon worried, a. fretted, distressed, harassed.
{Spanish America), coolie, cooly, docker, worry, v. t. 1. distress {contextual), touse
lumper, ditcher, diker, shoveler, heaver, {rare), tousle, disquiet, beset, bait {fig. or
doffer, brazier,kanaka, paddy {cant or spec), harass, shake, harry, faze, bedevil;
slang), navvy, longshoreman, stevedore, seetrouble, disturb, drive.
proletarian. Antonyms: see comfort.
Antonyms: see vagabond. 2. tease, bait 0?3.), badger; seeTROtTBLE.
3. See AGENT, ARTIFICER, SMITH, NEUTER. worry, v. i. fidget, fuss, fume; see fret.
workhouse, n. bridewell {Eng.), union worry, n. distress {contexttial) cark {ar- ,

{Eng.). chaic), fret, fume, fuss; see disturbance.

working, n. 1. operation. worship, n. 1. office {chiefly tech.), service,
2. See ACTION, EXERCISE, FERMENTATION. adoration {formal or spec), laud, devo-
working, a. practical. tion, cult or cultus {tech.); spec, synaxig
working girl, grisette {French). {rare), incense, latria, prayer, order, chap-
workman, n. wright {obs., exc. in combina- el {Eng.), compline or complin, matin,
tion); spec, master, workmaster {rare), Lychnic, hours, cosmolatry, ecclesiolatry,
machinist, machiner, mechanic, journey- geolatry, gyneolatry, hagiolatry, hygeiol-
man, operator, hobo {cani or slang), ar- atry, iconolatry, idolatry, idolatrization,
tisan, artificer, craftsman, mason, maistry idolism, logolatry, lordolatry {jocose),
{East Indian), brazier. Mariolatry, Marianolatry (rare), mar-
workmanlike, a. workmanly, masterly; tyrolatry, necrolatry, topolatry, zoolatry,
see SKILLFUL. zoomorphism, zootheism.
workmanship, n. facture {rare); spec. 2. See esteem, honor.
craftsmanship. worship, v. t. 1. adore {formal or literary),
work place, works; spec, shop, room, fac- bless {archaic); spec, hymn, idolatrize,
tory, workroom, workshop. idoUze, cense, incense; see deify.
workroom, n. work place; spec, shop, 2. See esteem, honor.
laboratory; see studio. worshiper, n. adorer (formal or spec);
workshop, n. officina {rare), works {sing.); spec idolater, idolatress (fern,.), idolist,
spec, plumbery, chapel, pottery, atelier fetishist, fetichist, iconolator, ignicolist
{French), workroom; see factory. (rare), kneeler, hagiolator, Marian.
world, n. i. See earth. worshipful, a. 1. adorable (formal or rare),
2. The inhabitants of the earth: mankind, worshipable.
monde {French), earth; spec, microcosm. 2. /See honorable.
8. See MULTITUDE, LIFE. worth, n. worthiness, value, merit, ac-
worldllness, n. secularism, temporalism, count, excellence, dignity (a Latinism);
secularity, carnalness, mundanity {rare), spec, nobleness, condignity; see dignity.
mtmdaneness (rare); allsixformalorrare. Antonyms: see fault.
t^^ Cross references: see Note. worm, crawl, insinuate.
v.: worsen, v. t: aggravate.
workmanly: ikiUfvl. worsen,!). I..* deteriorate,decline. wort: plant.

t^=*See Notes ot Explanation.

479
 WORTHLESS
worthless, a. meritless, naught {medicor with "poor"), caitiff (archaic); spec, me-
five), unworthy, unvaluable {rare), good- nial, underling. _
for-nothing (chiefly spec), precious (iroiv- 2. As a term of reprdbaiion: miscreant,
ical); spec, losel {archaic), chaffy, light, slubberdegulhon (ohs. or dial.), scab
empty, ne'er-do-well, riffraff, refuse, (slang; opprobrious or a term of abuse), '.

rubbish, trumpery, mean, draflSsh, draffy, bugger (low), cullion (literary and ar-
queer {thieves' cant), trashy, yeasty; see chaic), caitiff (contemptumis); spec beg-
PALTRY, TRIVIAL. gar (fig.), hoimd (fig.), skunk (vulgar),'.
Antonyms: see valuable, invaliiable. scrub, hUding (archaic), cur (colloq.; corv- *

worthy, a. worthful (rare); spec, noble, temptuous).

suitable, estimable; see honorable, de- wretched, a. miserable, mean, forlorn; see
serving. DEPRESSED, MEAN.
wound, n. traumatism or trauma (tech.), V. i. writhe, squirm (chiefly U. S.
wriggle,
breach {rare, exc. spec), gride (archaic); & dial. Eng.), worm; spec. busk.
spec, hack, cut, scratch, stab, crepance, wrinkle, n. 1. Spec crumple, rumple,
bite, prick, laceration. ridge (contextiud), ruga (tech.), crimple
wound, V. t. Spec, cut, shoot, bite, scratch, (dial.), furrow (contextual), ruck, crease,
harrow (rare), lance, wing, calk, tear, touse (rare), rugosity, pucker, crimp,
vuln (chiefly heraldry), lacerate. crinkle, crow's-foot; see fold, ruffle.
wounded, a. vubxeTose(leamedorUterary). 2. wrinkledness; spec, crumpledness, ruf-
woven, a. textile. fledness.
wrap, n. envelope; spec mufller, mantle, 3. See EXPEDIENT.
shawl, nubia, sontag, overwrap (rare); see wrinkle, v. t. & i. Spec, rumple, crumple,
FOLD. corrugate (literary or tech.), crinkle, puck-
wrap, V. t. envelop or envelope {formal or er, knit, furrow (contextual), crease, ruck,
literary), fold, enwrap or in wrap (literary); frumple (obs. or dial.), ridge (contextiud),
spec involve, cere, bewrap (intensive), en- ruckle, crimp, crape, shrivel; see ruffle.
swathe (rare), impall, wind, whip, serve, wrinkled, a. rugose (tech.), corrugated
seize, shawl, lap, roll, muffle, mob, furl (literary or tech.), puckered, wrinkly, ru-
(rare), swathe, tuck, mantle, scarf; see gate (tech.); spec crinkly, crimpy, crum-
FOLD. pled, rugous (tech.), rugulose (tech.),
Antonyms: see unfold. oursed (rare), puckered, rugged (features),
wrapper, n. t. envelope (literary, formal, knit, bent, shriveled.
or spec), wrapping, wrappage (rare); spec Antonyms: see smooth.
puddening or pudding (naut.). wrist, n. carpus (tech.).
2. (See container. wristlet, n. band, wrister (local, U. S.).
wrapt, a. absorbed, breathless. writ, n. brieve (law; Scot.), precept; spec.
wreath, n. ring (contextual); spec bays extent.
(pi.), laurel, garland, crown, twist, torse write, V. t. 1. inscribe (formal or literary),
(heraldry; rare), festoon, coronet. indite (now literary), set (now always with
wreathe, v. t. twist (contextual), overtwine "doum"), scriven (rare); spec engross,
(rare); spec festoon, garland. EencU, draw, scrawl, hieroglyph, bescrib-
wreck, v. t. shipwreck (originally spec); le, record.
spec, dynamite. 2. See COMPOSE.
Antonyms: see save. write, V. i. 1. inscribe; spec, cipher; see
wreckage, n. flotsam, jetsam, ligan. scribble, discourse.
wrecker, n. Spec, salvager. 2. In sense of write up: spec, paper, para-
wrench, n. 1. Spec, wrest; see strain, graph, scribble.
PERVERSION, tear. writer, n. 1. scribe, scriptor (rare); spec
2. Spec, spanner, key, monkey-wrench, caUigraphist, penman, penner, pen (fig.).
s-wrench. 2. See AMANUENSIS, AUTHOR, CORRE-
3. See FORCE, PERVERSION. SPONDENT.
wrench, v. t. 1. wrest; see deface, strain, writhe, v. i. worm, twist, wring, contort,
TEAR. wry (rare); spec distort.
2. See DISTORT, PERVERT. writhing, a. twisting, worming, serpen-
wrestle, v. i. struggle, tug; — both con- tine.
textual. writing, a. scriptory (learned).
wretch, n. 1. A
wretched person: elf (liter- writing, n. 1. inscription, engrossment.
ary), devil (used with "poor"), soul (used 2. manuscript, lucubration (rww uswaUy

XW Cross references: see Note. wrangle: quarrel, dispute, cavil. wreak: execute.
wounding: cutting. wrath; anger. wrest: wrench.
wraith: apparition. wrathful: angry. wretchedly: poorly.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

480
 . —

TOTTTH
derisive or playfvl). writ (chiefly used of yeoman, n. goodman (hist, or poelicj,
Scriptures), script (obsolescent); spec, leg- laird (Scot.); spec, beefeater, dumwassal
end, autograph, scroll, scribble, document. (Scot.), cocklaird (Scot; humarov.s).
S. A style,manner, etc., of writing: hand- yes, exclamation, yea (archaic), aye (ar-
writing, hand; spec, cipher, lexigraphy, chaic or spec); spec, placet.
cuneifonn, haplography, dittography, yesterday,a. pridian(rare), hestemal(rare).
macrography. yesterday, n. Spec, yestermorn, yestereve,
vrltlns desk, table (contextual); spec. yestereven, yesternight; all four archaic.
davenport, escritoire. yield, 71. 1. return, produce; see harvest.
writine room, scriptorium (learned or 2. bend, give (coUoq.).
tech.), scriptory (rare). yield, V. i. 1. In a physical sense: give,
written, o. scnptory (rare), literal (rare). budge, go; spec, fall, come, bend, sink,
Antonyms: see oral. cave in, duck, start, ply (rare).
wrong, a. 1. amiss (predicative), erroneous, 2. succumb, meeken (rare), weaken; spec.
abroad; see incorrect. defer, submit, cringe, crouch, budge,
Antonyms: see right. stoop, melt; see surrender, accede,
S. See WICKED, IMPROPER, IMMORAL, ADMIT, relent.
CRIMINAL, SINFUL. AnUmyms: see struggle.
wrong, n. 1. See error. yield, V. t. 1. furnish (contextual), return,
a. A wrong act or deed: injury, injustice, afford, bear, pan (esp. with "ovi"; spec.
tort (law), crime, grievance, gravamen or fig.); spec, net; see produce.
(rare); spec, unfairness, villamy; see in- 2. See RELINQUISH, surrender.
jury, SIN. yielding, a. 1. nonresistant, pliant, weak;
Antonyms: see Justice. see SOFT.
Antonyms: see unyielding.
2. weak, pUable. acquiescent, passive,
flexible, toward (literary or archaic); see
z-shaped, n. decussate, chiasmal; — both COMPLAISANT, SUBMISSIVE, RELENTING.
tech. or learned. Antonyms: see unyielding, autocratic
yielding, n. submission, submittal (rare);
spec, homage, acquiescence, fall, lapse,
deference, abandonment, rehnquishment,
yachtsman, n. Spec. Corinthian. submissiveness.
yard, a. inclosure (contextual); spec, court, Antonyms: see opposition.
curtilage, garth, bailey, farmyard, barton yodel, V. t. &
i. warble (U. S.), carol, troll,
(Eng.), barnyard, bawn. trollol.
yarn, n. 1. Spec, worsted, inkle, fingering yonder, adv. beyond, yon (poetic).
(Eng.), crewel. yonder, a. yon (poeiic;.
2. iSee NARRATIVB. young, a. 1. youthful, youthy (rare),
year, n. 1. twelvemonth (formal cr em- youthsome (rare), green (fig.); spec.
phaiic), sun (Jig.); spec, induction, jubilee. juvenile, infant, immature, squab (esp.
3. In pi.: see aqe. of doves or pigeons).
yeast, n. leaven; spec, barm, emptyings Antonyms: see old.
(U. S.), emptins (dial. U. S.). 2. See RECENT.
yeasty, a. barmy (archaic). younger, a. junior, puisne (obs., exc. law),
yellow, a. xanthous (tech.); spec, buff, less (a Latinism)
buffy, citrine or citrinous, cream, drab, youth, n. t. childhood (contextual), chil-
fallow, flavescent, foxy, fulvous, icterine dren (pi.; chiefly spec), juvenescence
(tech.), isabelline, jaundiced, khaki, lute- (rare), youthhead (archaic), youthhood
ous (tech.), luteolous (tech.; rare), lu- (archaic), youngness (rare); spec, adoles-
tescent (tech.), nankeen, ocherous, ochery, cence, boyhood, boyage (rore), girlhood,
ochrous, ochry, orange, saffrony (rare), immaturity, nonage.
sallow, sandy, sorrel, subflavous (rare), Antonyms: see age.
vitelline, xanthochroic (tech.), xantho- 2. A boy or girl: youngster (chiefly famil-
chroous (tech.), yellowish, yellowy, flaxen; iar or contemptuous) younker (obsolescent), ,

see STRAW-COLORED, GOLDEN. youngling (rare), sprig (often somewhat con-

yellow, n. Spec, fustic, jonquil, massicot, temptuous), slip (chiefly spec).
orellin, saffron; see gold. 3. Referring to a boy: stripling, lad (jisu-
t^ Cross references; see Note. yearly: annual.
wrong, V. t.: injure. yam, v. i.: discourse. yearn: long.
wrongful: immoral, sinful, yawn, n.: gape. yearning: longing.
wicked, injurious. yawn, v. i.: gape, long. yoke, V. t: harness.
wrong-headed: perverse. yawning, a.; gaping, open. yokefellow: associate.
tS^ See Notes of Explanation.
481
 —
YOUTHFUL
filly familiar or spec), laddie (a term of en- zealot, n. Spec, enthusiast (often deprecia-
dearment; chiefly Scot.), cockerel (fig.), tory), Teligionist; see devotee, FANATIC.
springal (chiefly Scot.), grummet (histor- zealous, a. ardent (which see), alacritous,
ical), callant (Scot.), whelp (contemptvr jealous (archaic).
ous), gossoon (chiefly Anglo-Irish); spec. zemstvo, n. assembly (which see).
cub, damoiseau (obs. or archaic), hobble- zenith, n. 1. prime.
dehoy (colloq.), buckeen (Anglo-Irish), see horizontal, nadir.
Antonyms:
boykin (dim.), knave (archaic). See HEIGHT. 2.
Antonyms: see old man. zenithal, a. culminant (literal or fig.).
4. <See RECENCY. zero, n. 1. See cipher.
youthful, a. childish (contextiud), young 2. nothing (contextual); spec, goose egg
(contextual), early (contextual), juvenile, (U. S.), duck (slang).
youngly (rare), green (fig.; chiefly depre- zest, n. 1. flavor, salt (fig.).
ciatory); spec, beardless, maiden, boy- 2. See EDGE, FLAVORING, BNJOTMENT,
like, boyish, puerile. STING, LIKING.
Antonyms: see old. zigzag, n. Spec, dancette, boyau.
youthfulness, n. childishness, juvenility, zigzag, a. crooked (contexttud) , sinuous
green (as in "in the green"; often depre- (contextual), cranky (rare); spec, zig-
datory); spec, boyishness, boyism. zaggy, dog-legged (said of a kind of stair-
y-shaped, a. ypsUiform; tech or learned. case), chevrony.
Antonyms: see straight.
zigzag, V. t. stagger.
zonal, a. zonary, arthromeric (tech.), met-
zeal, n. devotion, passion, jealousness (ar- americ (tech.).
chaic), jealousy (archaic), zealotry, zelo- zone, n. band (contextiud); spec, zonula,
typia; see ardor. zonule, zonulet; see girdle.

VW Cross references: see Note. zealotry: fanaticism. zigzag, V. i.; wind.

zealous: ardent, jealous, frantic. zikkurat: tower.
Z zenana: harem. zip: sound.
zany: buffoon. zephyr: wind. zoster: girdle.

lt9°See Notes of Explanation.

if "
,
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