P

art\
FINTSOCIETIES
. Apayao House

' Badjao House

'Bahayltubo
' 8onto( House

'House,EulyForm
. lfu8ao House

' lfugao Ri(eJerhces, Zoning

. llulao RiceTelri.es, Parh
' lvatan Thatch Hous.

' KalingaHouse
. Kankanay and lbaloiHouse
. Sagida House
. SamalHouse
. Taugug House
. Yakan Houre
I

APAYAO HOUSE

balai? house

Thetrcdn@naltype al holse i apdyoa wdh on

ptpv.t.d p.roniul oneaoon strudurc ood
prctected by o itsh.ptch thotch rcaJ thot
rcsembles i oonted borcl voult. lnterettinq
t'eot!rcs of tiis house nclude rhe rcmavoble
'wolt oonei which .oo be ooeoed dunnq the hot
seosih ond rcturned backas a walldu nq.ald
dovs. and the rcmovobte ond washable foor
nAtt plo.ed abote o closely-spoced woad laot
thnr ;tthw\ noturoL venulotton thru is floot. F
,.

Apayao,s the only region in

tliPa6rd,llera that has a
navigable river.

atapr roof
Hiqh-poihted arch shdped rcoJ bobong, roof ridge
with ldye6 af thick coqon grass
ot nipa leoves. Loye1oJthEkcagon grcss
n.tt.LloLslv lold obove the
ndqe to co;et the s?ace
dindin, wallboards crcoted alano the idqe oftet
cogon rooJ was instalted.
Re.tdnotlot w oode n oane k
verlKalty lted an o iroo,e aJ
the woll sill ahd atn tu enclosed
uppe t f loot spaca wdtlbaod s
car be rcmaved iJ the holse sakkar, Ue beam
ownerprcIe\tohovean -.
apenna. ot wndow, fat
rcctonaular beon thot holds
he rcol beon on ts ends to
keeo 6e rcof beon in plo.e.

toldog, foorjoist
A hdnd-hewn rectonguldt
lvmbetwith cove ends lotd
abave the pasts to hold the
tapi, f oor bedm

nehber dttached abave

the floar jaist ond the
sidung/linung,

rhe unusdbLe space belaw

intended to keep the ho\se

lawang, drain gutter 'hjntdtty
oJ the grcund

talaxatag, wood floor ?nadixiyan, gird€r

penmetet oJ the house A lred wooden Jloot ottoched Arc.tongulornenbet
to theiooryo$r wirh spacing can hecnng Post s a nd su ppo^ ing

2 I OIKSIYONARYON6 B SWAL NG AR(TEKTURANG HLIPINO

 APAYAO HOUSE

tabungan, gable
openrn9
rarat, roof undersheat ng
uPPeLend aJ the goble wolL
An .ndesheonnq fo. the raaf used ds smoke exhoust.
node from cl atelv ln tt dried
-

rced s.dss which Jorms a mat-

dapug, hearth
The eanhen heotth aJ the house
locoted inside the banboo
eftensian dnd ottdched to the
noin house.The hednh hos soba, breadth ofthe house
three ll stones colLed "to,ono"
- rhe avercl! width the moin sotan/lamdaw, window
Jar cool ns dnd B otisno y oJ

inede the ttudniohol woaden A pon'oo olang the ene ot

woll where wollboords ron be
.emoved to hdve on openins Jot
Above the heonh is d 31oyer
shelf which hos specific uses.
The Lawen eection a coLled

Puo,6 jsedlat sta ns ce, 1

banqa, cookinq iar

Eonhen pat used fot cooktng

adurot. ength ofthe

amoto,jarfor holding B

rhe overall Lenqth oJ the house

gawayan, interior of hoLrse agdan, laddei
which includes both the wooden
Eofthen tor used fur sta nowotet The wooden or bomboa lodder
noin ho,se ond the kitchen The spociaus hatloJ the ain used both dt the moin harse
Jorcootine, wosh'ns ond drinLns e^tenstoo node Jrcn hsht house, withoLn poftnions and ond the latchen enension
with potlion offloor adjoinins
wall raised to about 4" which
coh Jun.tion ds o sedt ot ony
aranqat, shelf balatad, pathwalk
Ihe shelJ dbove the dishwoshing Stone pove6 Ldid ovet nuddy
oteo use d Jo t sbnng plote s t qrcund setunq os a pathwolk
tuah one house to dnother ot
'n.n onc ettPn.ht t.oh;h.r

F|RSTSOC|ET|ES/ 3
APAYAO HOUSE
irat, binding rafter
A hahzontol toof membq made
fron waoden binchet, ned
undet rhe nlTet to prcvent
adixi, outerpost
A squore hand hewn tinbet
past, o p prc 4 note ly tw t.e rhe
lenqth of the tnnerpost, wht.h
suPpads the heavy raoJjnq
Jranewark and its thick cogan
eruss rooJ.
sinit, innerpost
A square hond-hewn timber
past suppaninq the elevated
4 / DIKS]YOMRYONG BISWAL N6 ARK TENURANG F LIPINO
A thrce.loyet wooden btun.h,
gloced belaw the bindinq rcfter
whkh seNes to tie ond lnite the
two opposing bent nfteE.
d.tas/xassaran, fl oonnq
(bamboo/rattan matl
Afloann 9 made Jrom closeLy-
knit bombaa stips or dtied reed
mat which con be rcmoved and
talabawan, ridge beam
A hornontul nembet dt the
apex of the .oof ndde f.on
wood bnnches ond used ta
soppon the hol ol the house
ainpakan, roofbeam
A rcctanqultu bedm connectinq
the auter columns thdt suppon
the rcafs structurcl fromewark.
patuna/Pantud, kinq post
A hand-hewn lvnbet, vertrcd y
ftfte.l on ns ends wth nodEe
-'n'nt\
to th. tE ond.ollot
'beams, used to ptovide
odditional suppott to the heavy
tadawaq/baday, rafter
a thn, pldble boord, hand-hewn
nto bent lam, tEd ta the dqe
beam at the apex ol the raof and
the rcof beom above the waLl to
suppoi the th(k cogon gess
agnadan, wallsill
A hoti2ontol \,/ooden n?nbet
ploced obove loot beans and
grooved to hokl the e.closing
axeran, girt
A rectanou lot hah2ahtol
woodenketubet dtohd Lhe
penmeter ol tte tousi
woLlbootds ond rhe uppet
 BAD.JAO HOUSE

F 0.

.e."

I -*xr
T-etradtordrl o,.eo'th"Bdo_doco-nrrunitiesatSoutherr ol'rlpp 1es
coapr.sedo'dwrldowres,ole roorl'or seo!lightm.terid15drdihdt.l',oo'
burltabove.oa!t.l waters

ThF Bdordo o, Bdjdo rh" seLoro d'gesL erhrr..onrJ'1 ry _ the \ulJ

Arch.p"laqo a1"r lau<Lq. oriqi,ral /. _' e), were L 'own as 'oranq selal' or
"orang laut' dnd wer€ living ontheirlepa-l€pa (boats).

o
0 tI House5 are built separately rn a staqqered
I
)l oatrFr,r but corrected to rhe neiql'borhood I1u
i{; I
jambatan(footbridqe) and owntaytayan
(catwalk) and to the waters by harunan (ladder)
ji- - - ---
i

l
F RST50C ET E5 / 5
 BADJAO HOUSE
A thin loyer thatch.ovennq
mode I ran oolm o t.a. an Lt
teave;, fi\eA w th nadetute
in.linottan b uotett the
hausedwelb\ from both
htense heot ofthe sun ond
accosional min.how.t
ubong, king post
I he ceotrcl lost oJ the
l@oted ot tk podion wnh
gable walls ond uted ot suppott
ol the ndse heon.
ving sPace
i
dinq-dinq, wall
E The windowbss venicol
dagan, floorjoist
The hotuontul sturtuml
nembet oJ wood ot banboo
t hor rP. ond.rn bil i,.. t h.
wood postt @1d prcwdes
suqqon lar the noh hvtog
6 / DIKS YOMRYONG BLSWAL N6
batang-brrbungan, ndge
A slroight ttunl ol wood ot
bonboo dt the ope' al the
gable toofto suppott the rcftes
onrl thP thot.h t..l
lubing-lubing, rafter
A piece of bdmboo or wood
plo.ed obove the tte ond dae
beons ra suppott the thatci
ho6e - .
palimsa-an, tie beam
The structurol element
oJ waad ot bdnboa thot
porttoo aJ the woll ond
prcvides support ta the
Snoll stnps oJ bonbaa
rhot t<.ln\. lt 1n'd n b.v.
theJtootjoi;t and qirdet,
d glrder
a thtck ptece oJlunbetnghtly
.p.rrctl rhth? on.t.rr...tu. a.
totldet with a ;atued and
hag, post c lo s e ly * p ac e d co n i c a L- s h a p e d
A pie@ aJ waod ot thick bonbaa
thdt is buned to dbout 0.60 neters
below the sea bed and ertend
bevond coastol wote6 lne ta
al;out hof o tuetet duhng high tide
aod tiqhtly securcd by float jaists
AR( TE(URANG FIL PINO
 BAHAY KUBO

ahay kubo, cube shaped house

S panish " cubo", neaiin s.u b e

F ,-

h"v kubo is a one-room house, ra sed above the ground to protectthe dwe lers from
pness and hum dlty ofthe earth

sibi, eaves

eneldsb+ondthe

'he oa']ay L ,ho hEc three disrir.r hor zo11dl divr'ior>, rcnely:ihe
sLiiLs or po,ts, tl.e o1e-room r ppe' v'nq ,rrr, ard rhe steep -oof.
-he posts d'e orter coveredor erL o5ed with ba-nboo la.L cewo'l
ro serve a< ucable spa(e J,ldernedth hehorse'o,houie
imp ements and livestock.
Ihe bahay kubo c o'ter builtwith whole bdmboo
ortree branches as structural Frameworl., and
tinishedwrhbdmboost',psforfloors, pdlm'e"ve,
for rool and bamboo strips orpalm leaves ror

F RSTSOCIET ES/ 7
AAHAY KUSO

balanqkas,

A engle slapeenens@o

batalan, washing area

A sndll sboce odto.ent to thP
eookoo ;reo wth a setoEe doot
banguerahan.."' leodinA outsde. tt ts used fot
wostu;q handsond fee\ Lothtnq
kids ond washihg pots and dishes

abuhan, cooking area

lrcpLdce th o stone stove

Jot coohng ond laye6 ol
open shelves fot drynq
fuewood ood snoktns lsh

sagang, railing bulwagan, main house

A woist-level 4dtlhg, hode The noin section af the hause
vsino bonbod, used ns on uted asliving, dinkq, and
efuloted ond hrc|ected potch

silong, underneath the

hagdan, st;ir an enclased/open spoce undet

the hoLse where hdtuesls orc
Thenoin dc.e9s ta the har.? stored, toots ond nplenent ote
wrh the entt.l ftonewo* lepr, ond hvestocL tchkken,
pigs, goots) orc tended.

8 /Dl(sy0NARYONGB SWALNGARK TEKTURANGFL p No


bubong, roof
dingding, wall ' yawi, main
Finished walls assenbled on the
aound ond ttqhtly se.ued orng
i.n.n stnbson the banboa watl
stuls rh; wall sidina is either
bd n b a a I dtti c ewa rk'( s d I d'sa I d),
inte aced bdnbaa (omakan),
waven bdnbao (sawoti), at
wo@n cacahrt ledves (sulimP)
beam
a whaLe bamboo. hanzantallv
lotd to define the pe neter;f
the housa ond tted limtY on
edch pastwith ruttan sttips.
"'
haligi, post
a whale bdmboo, leirolLv set
uD tosuoaa.t the floot dna roof
nembert-A postburied on the
arcjnd 6 eolted biiaon lbu ed)
And a Dost set ua obove a slohe
dab ; rcfened io os pindtons
BAHAY KUBO
sahig, flooring
perpendtutat b the Jloar latstst
enher.laselv loid orwith onaLe
spaces, oLla:Mnq notural an io
entet th.ough the flao.
patukuran, secondary
A whole bomboo loid over the
man be an lyawi) ta co rry the
soleras, floorjolst
a whale bdnboo laid adrulLel
wth eorh other of ablout 12 to
,. h.hPs over th; secandaN
b"eon @dtukuron) os suppbd
gililan,floorsill
A whole bombao loid arcund
the pennetet ofthe horse
usea b hold oid suppott the
F RSTSOCIET ES/ 9
BONTOC HOUSE

afun9, house
The traditional type of house
in Bonto(, Mountdin Province
conpised oJ pennekt
wooden wolb enclosed in an
apen Lvjnq s\oce, and centrdL
qrunories- lt it covered by o
steept thick rooJ that is

Aluns is the Bonta. hoose Jot

F t
mdried cou ples and ch i ldren

babare, village Afung is one ofthe houses in the Cordillera that is built directly
on the ground and its ground space seruing as the main living
fhe settlenent ateo in o

l\oyi
do rmitorl), c hap-oy (ape n
spoce with flat stone in.nculot
tayout), ond okhonang (rice

The steep rqof, made from coqon grassthat qrows The roofand the qranaryare both supported by
dbLrddnt y hedr the v llaqe, ertends be/ond the walls r,]deperdent wooden posts a.d fun(tior distinctive y
and much lqwerthana standinq Bondoc rnan. the cove,ed roofsp.ce ar the ma r house, and the
elevated central qranary for stonng a.e grarns.

10 i DIKSIYONARYONG B]SWAt NG ARKITE(TURANG FILIPINO

 BONTOC HOUSE

fali9, 9ranary
an elevated ane-rcof structute
supponett by Jour hohd hewn
wn.tlen Dosts dnd enclosed bv
wn.n?n'nldnl wolls tt s used
os sPac; Jot stoting rice gruins.

im, eating area soklut, cooking area

rhe oteo. at the left .arner of
nost s1ocious in the hoose
the houe. B nte;ded fat
cooLneand os fneptaze fatthe
odjoinins sleepih I ore d.

paldto (endmel plotes)

ungot (oconut shell. ar

tap-an, pounding area an9-an, r eeping.rea

I he se.tion of the hause with rhe arcd otihzed fot sleepinq
stane pavenant ond a paundnq ||nh atag @ed mot) os bed Jot
halewhere rhetost of pound,ng the.auple ondchtldt o 0p to

FIRSTSOCIETIESJ 11
BONTOC HOUSE

fogsor, rafter
A sreep, thjck cagon rooJ Lonq waodeo bronches, ned b
prctecting the central gronary thPin.fhed oh.vP rhe watl
and the living spoce belowthe ond to'the idde beon dt the
dpex of the r;of- tt is used to

u nde sheonnq ond t ht.[ coqon

oway, roof undersheating

Clotelv- knttreeds. aoralLeL to rhick hand-hewn wooden
the dqe bem, os 6rc@ lot rhe pLdnk as Jlaor panek of the

tokod, post chingching, v,/allboard

A heovy squqrc or cncutot Hdntl-hew n wooden pLanks,
nenbet as sltpgort for both ldtd hatdontolly dbove every
grcnary and taoJ structurcs- panel, used to seve osthe
primary wall prctection oJ the
A wooden laddet, ndde fron
b.an.hes af t eet. tntehded fat
o cc esrnq ihe ce n t.al s @n o4

12 i DIKSIYONARYONG BISWAL NGARKTEKTURANG F L P NO

 HOUSE EARLY FORM

balanga, boathouse
An ihptessive boat,
apptoximotely 25 mete6 in
length dnd corbon-doted ta 32o
AD,thdt was buil enttelv of
wood and used fot seofo;ns bv
/-,2 the oncieht Kingdom al Butudn-

Pinanahang, Le.n-to
A la.m oJ dwelhns comnon ta the Nesntos, on A englerooh house oJ lght moterials that oe
ethntr q@Dp rcqorded os wonderets, honteB, enhet inteqrclly buiLton hiqh trees ot abave a
andJomets pecticing ttosh ond burh ttee stunp seNing 6 the house s mdin suppon.
oqticulture even durinq the Hisponic peiad.rhe
leon-to is o tinqLe.pitched structore of qru$ ot
thotch an wood branches Jrcning with the
lawet end resrhgonthe gtaund ohd the oppet Tree Dwelle15 in the Philippines:
e.d suppoded bv wood posts Caddang and Kalinga ofLuzon
Manoborand Mandaya of Mindanao
- Moros ofLake Lanao
Lungib/Kweba, Cave - Negitos ofBukidnon and North
A notutol .hombet on the ede of d htll tttLt2ed os centralMindanao
one ol the eothest foms of dwAlioq.Iherobon - Bagobo of Davao
Cove ih southwest oJ Polawan is one oJ the oldest
ond loryest cqves wjth on opptoximate lenqth of
- Bilaan
41.oa heters and an openinqofS.oo metea in
heightand!6-oa n in width- longot

F RSTSOC EI ES / 13
IFUGAO HOUSE

The t.oditionaL lluqda ho\se; on

windowless one- room strudurc

dominoted byo hiqh, heavy,

F t

The framework ofthe bol€role is done usinq hand-hewn I I r I I r I I I ,

'i
timber, mortis€d without nails or hardware. lt can be
disassembled, moved and raised aqain on a new site

hagabi, bench
Abch.hrhotpa d?\
ttatut symbollot thc hch
iLsao dl. rothe\o aJ
ttr.onsit.Tonoodthe
cetenonies invoLvetl.

rhe steep pytohiddl tooJfon

thick bundled cosan grcss
(oolun) uted to arovtde shode
iomthe sun o;d shEtd the

qaob, wallboard
Rectonsulat wooden ptanks aJ
abaut 1% inches thick with
vaNtno hdths and henhts
veAdTb tned ot on olote on
grcove oot bedms, Jo;8 &

ril
tukud, post
Mode oJ larse round Logs, 8-12
nches wde by 6-1a Jeet n
Ienoth and butiedobour 2 1
leei betow the q.aund ond'
secu.ed in with stone bouLdeE
orouDd-

Pans of tees with nun.oted

rcats .;re oLso used as posrs and
Thethick and h€avy roofofa bale/fale house placed above stane boulde6. The roof and the floor of a bale/fal€ house
covers its Walland exposes onlythe are never supported by the same posts.
supportin$ posts.

14 / D KSIYONARYONG BISWAL NG ARK]TEffiURANG FILIPINO

 IFUGAO HOUSE

,1,

punchaPalan, f irePlace
An eafthen fircPloce obout 3'5
.oudte feet with lovers oJ open
shett u;ed Jot dtYtns lirewood

na-utya, female side

datu, male side rhe s1oce ntde on tusoa
hnt a; rnknded fot the wte.
tr hos d nuch snollet sPo'e
due ta the PresenceoJ the

frrcp\o.e tPun haPoton)'

ipan, cylindri.aldisk a detochable waaden Ponel

doot tied to d qin ond lo(led tn
place bY o waoden bor

teteh,ladder
silong, basement a wooden ot bonboo ldddet
whtd con be rehaved ond
lhe saoce ,hdeheoth the noin
hooqed on the woll fot secuftY
h.usl with sbre Povenent
algned wtth the edge aJ the

FIRSTSOCIETLES/ 15
IFUGAO HOUSE
A horizontol menber af a roaf
made Jrom spLit bomboa ond
rono stnks laid out dcto$ the
nlret. ond tiedby totton vines
buqhol, rafter
Long rou nd tree trun ks
.happed Jlot badds
o mbubu lo n I squo re bo, ) o n d
IiubtEn) ra suppo.to rcaf
dotal, fl ..1
Rectohgulot wooden plonk of
about , inches thick D-ra
n.hes n wtdth ondTJeet )
tn.h?. h lPhnth tuhr.h nrP
ll y1a i d ob o ve I La
h a ri z o n to
ioists os bootds in o fioot.
$ /DrKsrYt NARYON6 8 SWAL NGARKITEKTURANG
ambubulan, square box
A wooden squarc Jrcne box
otto4ed to dLino oostusedto
cory the uppet e;d of the
ru11e6 thus makinq the opex
or
ed to
o t
mundilig, outer end floor
joist
sde end loat bedfrs obove
qtdet wth nqht onqle qrooves
to rcceive the lLootboords.
FLLIPINO
taknang, king post
The vedkal wooden member
su pponi nq the pyrun idd I rcaJ i s
kuling, girder
A wood \onsveBe gndet, t2 74
the nches tht l!, 14-16 tn.hes n
depth and e-4 feet lonq, with
a flot top sutace ond a raunded
bdse- This menber hoLds the
aosts and holds uo the flaat
beams and cendt fro& to5t
pumpitolan, central beam
A loos pte@ aJ heary squorcd
ri nhP t.. n rn I lv 10.nr.d t h
rehlorce the aitL ltaor spoce
ond the rcofs knq post
bagat, uppercolumn
An uppet wood calunn nonised
at rhe base ofthe floor beans
and en.losed by a gin obove-
liub, g rt
A hanzamdl hnber rcting
obove the upper .alonns to
srppott the ralre6 oJ the rooJ
and the central cross beam.
huklub, transverse beam
A chest Level trcnsveEe waoden
beon whete wollbadrds drc
gawaan, €entra I floor joist
An invened wooden tee beam
thot suppons the Jloatboatds.
pognad, stone foundation
Huge stones that seNe os
founddtian of the house os weLl
ds prctection Jrcn the graund
temites and naisture-
 IFU6A0 RTCETERRACES, ZONTNG

vi
Babl€, aqe
.E
€,.

A rngle oan \L,n.tjte Lliat

serye\ as ttvlFtl tlLo.tets I a.

n9,granary
Ab0illinq intended ptinoily ds
noft ha us e lo t h a Nes te d ri c e

An endenic pihnote ledved I

pdlm (Areca catechu) with ,u.
.f: inalahan, publicforest
used borh fot nedi.inol ond

A foren hot setues as hunhno

elound ood source aJ wood Jol

hinaob, forestadopted by
terrace communities
payo, stonewalled terace
The Jorcst odopted ond ptoreded by pondJ,eld
the people owning the icefeld
teroces os t is the source of wote. A series aJ stone"walled
fatthencefield. sttucl!rcs, usloll, 1 ao nete's
n heeht, butlt no hiLlsde.
pnharily used ds tuefeLds.
uma/kaingin, swidden farm
A swdden fom cllttvoted
thrcuqh o iotot@n oJ use5.

latahgan,
residentialarea

magulon, grassland

F RSTSOCLET ESi 17
RICETERRACES, PARTS

Payo, ston ewaJied terrace

pond field
A senes aJ stonewdLted
sttuctures, usudlly 3-oa neters
in heiqht, bLlt in ah htdeand

banong, dike/pond fie d

bawahg, pumPUdungan, propeny f he tapnas t pa n of the rc taininq

field surfa
A natket thot is intended to
idenhly the lnit oJ one's
woPeny, esqecially in o n.efteld.
wdll (topenq) that 6 reLonvely
Jlot and used both oso pothwolk
ond wotet continenent ot the

topenq, stone retaininq lobong, water

inado- veoetable mul.h
An ednhen mound intendedJor
c u lt iv at i n g veg et d b I e s.
wall
The iiiqated watet fran the
auarned anqular broken stanes Jarc* notutolty dtstttbuted ta
loid in a slight dhqLe, one dbove every n.efeld ta fostet nce
the othea to seNe as tenace
walling.

guheng, spillway

A wdter outlet constructed ot

the rctaininq walL, just above the
requted woter leveL af the pond-
fielL os neans of passaqe far
surpLus woter os welL os o

w' ,&
luio, worked pond'f ield
soil
The soilthot is ploughed,
pLanted with ice, ahd provided
wnh prcpe r wate r ttigatio h.

haguntal, hard eafthfill

gonad, foundation stone
Htoe bouldes rhot seNe os
fo;ndation ol the tendces.
Ednh sol with Die.esafctushed
stones at rc.t; that sehe as
pand Jield sot beddins.

"ahbu6ul, submerged adog, rough grave fill

smoll p te ce s oJ rcd at snv eL
rhe noturdt source aJ woterfot thot wa* both as suppon for the
the pand JPtd canns Jron the rena.e nbnewdllino dnd the

'aldoh, gangal, course filUsmall hnul, drainage conduit

wallng
Ihe spoce in o stonewalled
reslns teruce comPosed of snall"
brcken stohes loid dnedly on the
An ortilicial stone conduit Jat
dist butno onddtonina e^.ess
wotet .anittu.ted basea on the
notual topogtophy of the Ldtul.

la riginal

]D KS BISWAL NGARK TEKTURANG FILIPINO

 IVATANTHATCH HOUSE

a
Othertypes of lvatan

kamadid
An lvatan type of house sith its
enclosinq's lower poni@ built of
woot1, while the uppet panion is
bak aJ.oqon gtuss- tt hos n
thtcl, hip type cogan toal F
'.
rahaung
An lvatan studurc used as a
wo*ing area and a pLace of
stomqe Jor ftshins implements.
fhe structurc does not have anv
qall enclosure, etposna gasts-
thot stppott the tooJ! dnd the
jinjin, that.h house thtcl qdble coqo. roof, ethet
with o. withort gable wall, nade

sakongr ridge cover vuvong, lower rid 9e cover

A thick bundle oJ cogon loid to rhe lowet pattbn oJ the dqe
cover the ridge ol the tool covet fiat is ttqhtLy p.essed by suPitr reed mat tie
the tap loyet aJ yoyis ot
A rarlan slnp porollel ta the
.hed to the ridoe ohd the rcfteE Ldid obove ond ned b
beont ta sDpian the rhEt,
heory.agan sross raoJ

panga6ivucan, roof beam

A tong piece oJ heory 5"x6"
square tinbetestihq abave the
tonset wall oJ the house to
5! ppott the hof s tolte1.

tukah, tie be.m

sPPawan, ridge beam
A 4"x4" woad bean at the tidge
al the roof to suppad the upper

paninjiflan, wa stud

Pasunen, king post jinjin, cogon wall

lightwetght cogan wo . ks
low.rPnd 6hrhdd ohotlr tt' A verticol pie.e ol lo9, obout t" A venicol piece oJ log, obout 12" Cooah aruss woll securelv tied
underyrcund oh4 the uppe;end
h didmeteL situated ot the tndhn.r <nt'.t.4 nrthp toihe ;votl studs
is lostened to th{ rcaf beom.
cornet af the house dnd buried center al tie shonet wall of the
ot least'l.oa n deep lo hold up house to bear the idqe beam of

FTRSTSoT ETlrSi 19
KALIN HOUSE

F ,r

Thick roofnq mode Ircn 10I

loyets ol bonboo, cut inta
halves with ihe lower layes
laid in concave onohgenent
dndthe upper loyer in convex
layaut coretinq the concave

agakan, s€condary ridge

beam
A squdre, heovy timbet bean
conntuded obove the apet of
the rcfieE ta prcqde su:ppari fut
the ruftes and the thtck bomboo

rhe openhq h both enetiot ond

thot s.Nes as
'ntetiorwolls
entonceondaccessto '

ina, main interior post

.The inteiot nnbet post that
supPans the wood sttucture
setutng ds the motn uwnq spoce

tukud, external post

The extemol tinber post
suppoding the thicl\ heory roof
nnd the externol wa bootd.

2o /Dl(s YONG B SWAI NG ARK IE(TU RAN6 FL P NO

 KALINGA HOUSE

lLv

manukdonsalakab, rafter
a @ctonoular tinbet rcaJ
nenber; toid ot an ongte
obove the uo1et tte 1eon ono
sagPatan, shelf fie lawet rcaf beo . tt is lsed
daipong, stove t. hold ond irovide suqlott
fot the thick ond the heatY
ho zdnnlty an o woll to

dattagon, uPPerfloor
nx )
I Ihe ain section af the house
elevated ta dbout L2am used
ds lving ondslee?ing atea.

sipi, elevated floorln q

ban-oga sawang, wlndow

An aDenna thot suqgests o
wniow .;eated ih Lhe o\tet
I
watl ance a wolLbaatd is

ist

sogwas/dola, basement

sinqit-tukod, stone Peg

o) stone bouldeB insetted it
tinbet posts ta lix and rcstrict
patang,
pudis, floor beam
a ftdanoulor tinber beon PLdced
a bedm.ldtd ha 2ontollY dbale
on the uipeRnd aJthe tnte at
Dasts to rcsttct its nove entona flaot Dist to hold roqethetthe
'to 'bdse'of the lowet tolunn
otowde sup?on fot the lloot
iat;ts rcsnnq obow these beons

FIRSTS0CIETIES/ 21
KALINGA OUSE

mamalbaq salakab, purlin

Shdll oie.es af trnhPt toll
honzo;to\y o:bave the tufters
usetl to btnd the rcfters tbqethe.
dnd prcvide a membet wherc
bamboo roofng couLd be tied.

angattiga king post bubong, ridge cover

A thick valume af coqan qrass
used ta cover the spdce
between the ridge, fat bath
cogan and bamboo roofinq

tunglobl ble wall

binukol, primary ridge

Aheoev soua.etinbet
beom ';/hite the top nost
pottoJ the rdfters rcs:6-

dabi, wallboard

alisot, bamboo siding

fhe extemal wall af the hause
located betow the ippetlaat
lcupl h E nndc lrnh hnnh.n
sttips fired hari;antdLty to the

22 I NG B SWAt NGAR(TEfiURANG FILIPINO

 KALINGA HOUSE

binayon/finaryon, house
rhe toditianal house in an
octaqahol loyaut ar plon- tn
apovoo, thts ho$e iscolled

pongo, bent rafter

panabfongan, ridge beam
A thick rectangulor lumbeL hand
hewn inta bent farn- ond tied to A bundle of Nva to three woad
the dqeond iafb;ansto b tu n c hes, iied sec uely ds a ne,
he cogon gass raoJ hohzantoltv lotd ot the oae\ of
'Lppoi the rcof to hold up the uppet
-atig, horizontal

tatay, vertical roof support

rwa pteces oJ venEal tinbet
.onst.Ledobovethetie
hoizontaL rcoJ suppon ot its

An inde pende nt inte.ia t poal" fatangan, tie beam

not the extehson af the hedw tmbet lotd obote the

4
A
hD eoA af the uppe. pdt to tte
toqelhet oll enernal uppet
posts ond provtde hotd lot the
okong, upperfloor
w.llbo.rds
plsipis, sill and roof beam
squore, hahd hewn beom laid
ha 2antdLlv between venko|
wollhoa l. whi.h tun.Lon os o
tatagon,floor(mat).. I
wott sitt and a rcoJ beon.

soling, girder
A rcctonqulor be o n ptuv ld i ng
suppon fot the floot bootd ontl

A secondo.t Jloot bedn loid

abave the flaot pist ta prcvide
<:_) suppan Jar the up1et calunns-

g, floorjoist chingching, ow€rfloor

Th i.k wooden otonks Laid

h.rizontdllv bitwee n extenal
calumns t; seNe ds auter wa s

The sauare-sized htemol ot

eneidl post thot is node fiom

FIRSTSOC]ETIES/ 23
KANKANAY AND IBALOI HOUSE

baey/bab

a t

sapditan, binding rafter

a horizontol ltnbet bloced
obave the flored-oui rclret
(tikel) to hald them in place

kalasod, queen post

The uanoht member of the roof
'-
Jtume pfoced obove the tte
beo n tanoyosdn)to t uppon

sha'tal, floorboard
Rectoogulot wood planks Lotd
honzontallv obave the floot
totst lsdqood) to setue as float i
(det dolthetnte ot oJ the

A vedical upngft nenbet

node af heovl, squarc Tnber
uted ta rcnlorce the ennrc

24 /DIKSIYONARYONGSISWATNGARKITEKTURANGFLPNO
 KANKANAYAND IBALOI HOUSE

bubung, roofridge
Ihe thatch dt the topnatt part
aJ the rcof ta cover the ndqe-

A steep hip roal wth a flanng

bnsP .ovPred with thi.k buntles
of thatch frcn dried cogu

ba€, (e linq

g, she f
Pangtew, door
€ The rcnavobLe wood poneL

l
intended as entry way.

det-a, floor
fhe elevoLed ihte or sLioce of
the Nonlandv house, ls:uolly
'
made oJJtootbodtds (shd'tat).

b.nga, cookingjar A ndt mode frcm reeds and

loid aboue tie floot tdet-at Jot
G hunded snatl &nhen
ftantanet used prtnotity Jar
Gookins-

tete, wood ladder

m A fixed wooden ot bonbao

ffi;:];ilL-,," m
t;dder ntended lot .hmbns up

ngsag, be sakiatan, stone stair

rhe bor. nf th. wood loddet
A waaden bench placed nekg .a;studed af stanes
'mderneoth the hause. taid 6ne dbave the oihet.

FIRsTSOClETIES/ 25
KANKANA AND IBALOI HOUSE

bobongan, ridge beam

rh. ron mo\t hsizontdl toof
torok, undersheatinq franiq nember ptaced abive
the queen post (*olasod) rc
supPott rhe uppet senion oJ the
The reed ndt un d?u heoti ng
uttlized os rcoI thotch ond

anaYasan, tie beam

dagat, raftqr A honzontaL lumbet placed

above the roof beam (goonon)
A wooden nenber set dt on
o no le ta hold the th i.k stee o

roil tts upper end

's
suppohed
by o queen post (kdl6od) and
on its bwet end, a rcaJ bedn

A heovy squote lrnbet buth

emiLatly os the woll stll (opop)
tikel, f lared-out rafter hrr nrandPtt t.h.ld tooPthPt
the upper sectoo of thi
A secondorl taltet thot is wollboord (dinsdi ns) dnd
ottdched to the noh tuftet prcvide suppan Jar the roofng

balkes, honzontalstud sedngal, inclined support

A hotizontol lumbet ploced ot A squarc pEce oJ lunbet set ot

the autet nt4+ectian oJ the on ongle obove the wdLl sill
w ollb ootd s I d i n q tli n s ) ta topop) to hold up the lloinq
secban of the roof. aotuculorlv
rctnfatcenent fot the vett.oL t he Jto rca - on rcJtet (tikel).'

dingding, llboards
A rcctonqulq wooden ponel
vetu.o y ltttpd oo theircoved opop, wallsill
rooJbeon(g8non)andwall .
silL(opop).
hahzontollv lotd obave the float
ioist (sagpod) oround the
penmetet oJ the house- h is
ballanqan, qrrder sagpad, floorjoist prcvtded with o groove ot tts
uppet pontoo ta hold rhe
A thrk r".tonoLlot bmhet
ploced obove ihe posts ltokod) e.1. h n t Jl n r h i nhc r i ith.owd
to hold then tooethet dnd ends l;id hotizontotlv obove the
prcvide suppon lot the froot qtder (bolldnqdd t6 prcvide
joist (sagpad). s\ppan Jar the woll silL (opop)
and Jloot boards (shd'tdl)-

26 i DIKSYdNARYoNG BISWAI N6ARKTEKTURAN6 FILIP]NO

 SAGADA HOUSE

tinokbob, house
ane of the earliest houses in
soooao. windowless with a
thlck a;d steep rcof fltended to
whhstond thd cold weother

0..
F

the Cordillera that is built directlv on the

hoLrses in
-
und. Similar hoJse- are the Bontoc dro Nabaloi l'oures. he
n9, sle epin9, co okiiig, and workins and the
s granary

okbob house is steep,leavinq The house is comorised of two

wallsurface exposed to the rndepend€nt struhures - the ma,n
house and the qranary.

FIRSTS0CTETTES/ 27
 SAGADA HOUSE

A steep rool with thick piles oJ

cagon qrass qotheted into
bundles and insetted into the

'\,
li\
]llr'.

agamang, central 9ranary

An elevdted wooden structurc, d.poan, cooking area
rcgorded os the hedrt (poso) aI

!
the house okd intended fhr The area, locoted at the rcar
stahnq n;e .idin dnd fa;
re.ton of the house, used for
olJering soufrces to the anho.
cookhq and ttainq kttchen

.gd.n, ladder kamalig, storage space

An etevoted wadeo plotlo@
A wooden Laddet uhlized for
occessinq th! qnno.y olihe _i lot stonnq boskets ond po\.

segpan, dqorway' lomeng, pig pen

An op.ninq ls entonce into the A shollaw pit enclosed with
stones and baulde6 intended os

28 / OIKSIYONARYONG EIswAL NG ARKITEfiURAN€ F LIPINO

 SAGADA HOUSE

dingding, upperwall pamobbonqan, ridqe

Wooden boords Jot shedthing
inteiot walls oJ grdnary. A horizontol waoden sedion ot
the apexoJthe dopins rooJ
whtch suppotts the uppetend oI

bogso, r.lter todog, roof u ndersheating

inclined woode n nen be r, A hohrantal suppan lat rcof
qrass node fron "runa" sti.ks-

and heavl rcof made ol

ling, girder ......... kammanga, wallsill

pinci pal beam of tin be t u sed A honzontol hmbe, rcsthn
obo@ the floot btst used'to
hoLd lp the srcnarl wallbadtds-

desa, floorjo'sts
A lang piece ol heovy tidbeted A reclohqul membet
beon used to cannect the lawet atto.hed to the qnde6 ehtch
keeps up th. g.dhdry suudue-

dingding, wall
Honzontal plank wall chiked A sqtdrc wood post lsed to
with hud to enoble the hoLrP ra suppon the rcof and the lawet
be conlonobly heared by the

F RsTsOC ET ES/ 29
SAMAL HOUSE

F
,.

o ne-roorn st(rctures nearthe coastal

Trad itiona I Sama I houses are elevated recta nq ular
waters ofSouthern IMindanaq Palawan/ Zamboanqa, and Sulu archipelago.These houses
are directly buiton shallowwaterand connected to the shore by apartar(bridge) or
directly builton solid ground.

The houses a re clustered in qroups bykinship, wthr.ooto Coast.lhouse hdsamplespace underneaththe housefor
5oo members pergroup, and affilattid with t6e nea.est theFam yspelaflg(b6at)andfshingparaphernaia.

30 / DIKSIYONARYON6 B SWAL NG ARKITEKTURAN6 FIL PINO

 SAMAL HOUSE

bubung, roof
The goble rcolwnh nodercte
slope uslally node ol neo
thotch mate ol on bahboo ot
wood purths-fhe rcol olso hat
on e,lended raol fat the open
deck and buh usr below the end

trrk.loq, stud
' Secondary posts a1oh9 the
hetiieter of the wdll used os
',ed,(at suipod
lot ke extenot

.tuud, k ng

rhe luhbet ot bonboa loid

honzontally th rcuqhott the
Dehneter ot the woll to hald
'the
uppeind pon@n oJ the

salsal,joist

spacihq to suppatt the

hanglad, g rder
thick lumber ar bdmboo which

FTRSTS0CIETTES/ 31
TAUSUG HOUSE

baysinug, house
The trudttbnol ho'se af th.ro \ro
n the Southem PhtliDbines ttts '
camp sed oJ two o;;ote hauses on
stlts thot ore.onne.tcd hv nh
elevated open space seNkq os house

Tausuq or "suluk" is
F ,r
the foremostethnic
groupinSuluthen
followed by the Badjao
(Balau, Bajao, Badyaw,
Samalor Sama), the
Yakan, the Kagayan,
the lranun (llanun)and
the Kalibuoan
.t."
inun).
lhe word lausuq rs sard to ih-e words
'tau" (meanlnq people) and "sug" (meaninq
tide), hence they are the "people ofthe trde."
The two distincl conrmunitles oftheTausuq is
the 'tau gimba" (inland people) and the ''t.u
hi9ad" (people along the shore).
batang-bubungan, ridge

lubing.lubing, rafter Atht(Llumbet ot rhe hdoe af tadjuk pasunq, barqeboard-

the roof ond tept n ploci b; he
kinq pasts to provide suppon for
providing suppon on the idge the rcoJ s pu tns- fhe deco.otion at the upperen.l
bean at tE uppet end ond rhe af the boeebootd whtch .ovea
pur I in s t hrctryhod ns length the ptqeding end oJ the sable.
pusal, king post Ihe de.orction is usudllv th the
tarn of a seo.seryent ddqa) at a
tiyadtad, split bamboo A ved'cal nehber oJleh in a .
lotu shilorloo bolBtet wrh
Teuv bose. otoced obove be ne
ond rcof b;onr to rchlorce the

kas.w, purlins
rhe banboo or wood bmnches
plo.ed obove the /aftet to hold

ubunq, tie beam ' '

A rcctonqulor lumber that runs

octoss the uppet pofttoo of the
tool to @nn.d rhe .entil
.olunns ond prcqde tuppo1 Jot

liug, centralpost
rhe shonest .ot,nh bio;;;d .1t
the centet ol the hou:se ra hold
the crcssnd ltoot bedms.Thts
Dost 6 the fnst oost to be
erectecl aid rcpresenrs the
hag, post novel @ipul) ol the hunon hanglad, roof beam
A post dt the pennetet ol the The petinetet beoms obove the uppet end
podian of the posts lsed to suppon the
roof sttoct!rc ond the perinetet waLl-

32 i DLKSIYONARYONG B SWAL N6 ARK TEKTURANG FILIPINO

 TAUSUG HOUSE

Types of Roofi

sunqan - hipped roof

withtriangular
vents

libut - Dvramrdal roof

' ' with vents at
the apex

nagatajukPasung manuk-manuk tajuk pasung

A seo-serpent style aJ baryeboord end A sarindnok (bird) style aJ baryebootd-

pang gong, receiving area

A \Do.e intended ta rcceive

lawang, door

access ta adtatntno saa(es-

tt ts ohen piavideA wnh a

dagtong, bamboo water

gibayan, main house
A whale bonboa with a Ihe onlv structurc n dfousuq
renavable openinq dt one"end house thdt I provided wnh
ro h.ld refilled watet- usuoLlv n;nc no<B nnd Bed hoth os
tott nPoihe kit.hen' ond livini and sleeping oreos.

FIRSTSOCIEIIES/ 33
YAKAN HOUSE

lumah, house
Thettuditiohol house of the
Yakdnsin the nauntoi;ous
hte otoJBdtlon tsldnd.lt 6
.n.l.vn|.tl re.lonnnlor onP
.oon sttuctire witl lew
windaw 'nott
ond prcteated by o

,".

TheYakan is the thkd ld.qesl ethnr( community rn

Sulu Archrpelaqo, after theTdutuq and the Badlao,
and known fortheir intricate and €olourful

-he ntelor o'the one-room house rs d vrded rnro lola, (sleep.rq a'ed)
or tirddtan ('r u lt i use liv t1g spaLe\ pantan a- simpey \po'ch\, a;d kosina
(, rt(hen) by a o. )5 m.rer by o.r5 -neterpdturg (wooder 'll(h) Ihe ho.,se
also ha5 ongkap (.r,ezzanlne)for giris above the sleeping area.

lhe hoJses are traditiondlly built scdttered dmong the Yakan house isoftenusedfronr 10-l5yearsthen wil be
fie,ds or clurtered around tl.e longgal (mosque). dismantled, rebuit, or built usinq new materials besldes

34 i D KSIYONARYONG BISWAL NG ARKITEKTURANG F LIPINO


n9, hip rafter
mPayan, roof beam
Lanq waaden pteces of lumbea
honzontally tatd ood fnnty
atlached ro the topnast pa.tbn
oJ th. past to tuppon the rooJ
ding-ding, wall
tandiwan, window
Thetnotlapeninq builtobaut 1.la
heten oh.vP the inreriarflootdhd
s.le.trv ely p lo.ed o long rhe
paqnutih, floorioist
Potullet hatizan tal wood
nenbe5 placed above the
gitdea thot hoLd tagethet the
salilihan, rafter
Lans piece, alwooden lumbet
set ot an ongle os pnnory
Jranewo* suppatt Jot the
if
.
harren, ladder
Renowble wooden ot bombao
YAKAN HOUSE
bubong, roof ridge
Ldyets ol thdtch rooJ noteriols
securely tied otthe tap pL hs
Pic.P..twootl whalP
banbo,; laid honzantoll,l dnd
securely hed obove the Tafte.s
to suppott the thotch tooJ
pamatult wall post
fhe pon inknded pimaily to
rcinJorc. the perimetet wolL-
5alat, tie beam
haizontollv tied obove
the roaf b;ans to keep
gawang, door
T he ope ning of the pe i 6ete t
wdll thot seNes 6 entrance
ond occess to the intetiot
babag? gjrder
A haizontal woad menber
hghtly securcd to the posts os
\u ppad fo t the fl oor jot st s
The venicol piece oJ log a.
tinbetthat E buned in the
1rcund ta hold bath the upper
Jtaor stu.turc and the rooJ.
F RSTsoC EIE5 / 35
P
aft2
HISPANIC PERIOD
. Church, Basic Parb and Plan Type

' ChurchType, Cathedral

. Chur.hTyp., Forft rs Church
' Chur.hType, Funeruy Chapel
'ChunhType,Mona*ic
. ChunhType, Parish
. Chunh Type, Pilgrim
. Chunh Anhiteconl Style, Eardquala Buoque
. Churh furhitednl Style, fil.Hispanic Rococo

' Church Anhita.trral Style, Gothic Rwival

' Churth Anhite.tural Style, High Renairsance

' church furhiteduml style, Romanesque Rwival

. Chur.h,Vault
. Chunh,Door
. Church, Retablo
. ailipino House
' Filipino House,Stajr

' tort
' lYahr, Stone House
' Lighthoure
' l,,laranao Houre
. Mosque
. Town Plan, Plua Complex
. Town Plar, Fora$ City
 CHUR BASIC PARTSAND PLANTYPE

baptist ry o, b aptiste ti o, kumbento, aoryerto, patyo nq simbahan, plaza

baptistery
An tndependent stNctute a. o
sPoce neo t the.h ut. h 5 e nt rc ncel
ot dt the fiRtlevelafthe bell
taweL which is dedicoted Jor
A buiLdinq, eirhet dftached or
beside a chutcht that seNes ds
rcsidence ol the patish ptiest.
rgles,4 (hurch plaza
lhe huqe open spoce n Jront
ol the chuch htended lot
cercnoneg The church pla,o
is usuo v en.losed with d law
perimetLr stone wa| and
sanetnes hos vid ctucis lwav
oI the crcstt coNed on the

t-

kafi p a n ary o, ca m p on a ri o.
belltower
simbahan, /glisio, church A towet thot is eithet anoched
o, at a &slance fton the
an edifice ot pLoc. oJ chnstion chut h; suppona one ot mote

_l
t

t!_- 4
d ii'
!fi
i

li ';!
&
Latin Cross Plan GreekCross Plan

HISPANIC PERIOD/ 37
CHURCHTYPE, CATHEDRAL

katedral, catedrol cathedral

rh. prin.ipdL chutch of a
dio@se hausino the .dthedtu

torre del relaj, tawet clock

A tPrm used to .efet to the 0
r.w?totbPlthw& wth d
edipisyo, edifci o, edifi ce cLock.

A bulding, usually lorye in si2e, l

with na$ive strudure ond an
tmPosin9 oPpeoron.e. l j

!
q l
0

alkoba, alcovq alcove apse

A snall rcan, oJlen os nonetion The senItrculot spoce ddlo(ent
spaceoJo uch laryet rcom-

gitnang pasilyo, rave

.entlol, centralnave
Otiginoted ftotu the Lotin wotd
''novit" neanins "shih" it is the
centat oisLe of the chutch flonked
by rcws al pe6- tt ptobobly
synbaltzes the fatthfuL towney n
Itfe thrcuqh the dtecnon of the
chotch ond sldance oJ cad h
&
Pangunahing pasukan,
poftal principall main

The huqe, often dchly cdNed

wtth ohonentotton. ftont doot t.
'E t*;ru
P*#'&
J
ofo(hut h tr 6 pbwded wth o
secondory snoll door olong its
lenJ called "postigo" thot setues
';T
**6
arkada, onads, arcade
rhe raw oJ calunns wdh or.het
whrh \Pnnntc thP .idc o'.lP

k pilya, capi a, chapel
A .oon in a chutch containing an
oltot nrended lot ptivote prcyet
ond smoll rehgious seNi.es.
altar, oltor moyor, main ahar ciltar colotenl, \ide altat
A raised sttudurc, usuolly o A seconddN ohdt locoted on
rectanquLar toble ar stone slob , Jot both sides 6t beside the hain
rchEous ntes-fhe man altar is
locoted ot the end ol rhe nove ond
a the visuoLJacus dunn9wa6h,p.

(SLYONARYONG BISWAI N6 ARK lEffiURANG F L PINO

38 iD

fipanaryo, camPanariot
towet that is eithet attached
at o diston@fun the chutch
oning one or narc beLls.
----1
depensang pader, ercejnte,
rhe defeneve lornfed woll thot
pratects o chu.h ar town
CHURCHTYPE, FORTRESS
A chutch built with foftncation
lot delensve puryases in tines
patapelo, pardpetot
A hale duq into the qrcund
seNinq as lrcsh srcundwater rhe low proteclive wolldbave
co ector used Jor dtinkihg ond the lan s nmpon wth rcgulot
dlterction oJ nedons ood
oenels as oqeninq fot canon's
fr
1 curtain wall
'\. .....
.:.r.
balwarte, 6aluarte, bastion-'-..
A prakclnq part aJ the
fodficoton, @und or PoLygonat
n plon, thteoded ta hove o
nunbet al fninq dne. on fa.
both connah and othet wedpons
ta d+nd the odjdcent
H SPAN (PER0D/ 39
f
CHURCH TYPE, FUNERARY CHAPEL

A chapel, canspicuausly built inside o.ompo sd1to

(cemete, Jat the Junerot ceremony or seNke

ane or z senes of smoll

.anPdnments j;tended to keeP

lapida, ldptd a, gravestone

An ins.tib.d slob- usuallv wnh
the peaon s na;e ond do@s of
bith ond dearh, pldced abo9e
the,grcve or dttoched to the

libingan, camposanto, qraveyard osuaryo, osr.,orio, ossuary

An oreo, usually ot o dtstonrc Ircn the A sholl .odbod nenL u\!ollv

.ities ot tosos, thot setue os blryinq hede the .iopet ot .hurch ;sed
graund lot decedsed peBons- os storcae plo.e fot the bones of

hukay, sepuitura, grave

An e\cavdtan, spoce, ot ptoce Jat the
tnte.nnentoJthe deod
loob ng kapilya, interiorof
chapel
the spoce inside oCathalic
funerdty chapel wherc cetenony
fot the dead k peiomed.

mosoleyo, mausoleo,

people or ni.he af on inpottant

40 i D KSIYONARYONG BISWALNGARK[EfiURANG FILIPINO

l
 CHURCHTYPE, FUNERARY CHAPEL

An enemal qrdnd nancose

leadinq up to o building entrance

Loma Funera ChapeL, La Loma, Manila san loaquin Funeral Chapel, San loaquin, lloilo

.na hugis arko, linterna, llntema, lantern

a v.ni.ol stru.lure on toD of
aome or cupoto wtth opehiigs or
of d dome ot cupold fot gloztng lat lighting.
^dtutol

simboryo, medio n aronjn,

aposte, pllastro, pilaster
de.otutive woll treotnent that The inposinq cutued rcoJ
sttucturc obove the altat
intentionally built ta procloin
the pteseh.e aJ the .hutd ond
ta svnbalize heoven contnq
down to ednh with the liqht
sttednihg Jram its lonten.
::gr

roseta? roseta, rosette

ll
t An ornament in ctculor paftern
which rcsembles a stvlized rcse
Irllllllllll flowet ot ony other similar
0t0tI nIr tlllfilllilllr
lllutIll
llIIllll lfll l'

patsada,fachada, f acade

a*ong pabilog, arco redonda, relyebe, rel€ve, relaef The frcnr of o buildhq, usually
locing the street ot roo4 and
An embossed, caNed s.uLptunl dE nguthed by an eloborute
A type aJ orch wth the
'' httudos' h o cutued sentctft le

HISPANICPERODi 41
CHURCHryPE, MONASTIC

retablo, retoblo, retable/altar

prece
A chlv decanted ftumewoA
behhAthe dror il the lawet
ntdsectioh tt is Lsuollv.otuPd ond
ponted w;h ledqe ona nrhe fot
t he so i nt s on d tobP ho.1 P

ptesbiteryo, prcsbtte n o, .

presbitery
The drco olthe church reseNed
fot the cleey where the on

7r
luhurang panq-komunyon, " i
.omulgatoz4 communion ra I
A lawtuilwith kheeles orcw1"d w
neat the oLtat lot the p&ishioners (
to kneeldown in receiving
i
?

The transin@al space oftet the

natn entrance, thdt leods to the
i
b
bL-l
hu-a&
'; Ldr.I1i
tjL:-r t-i i

ti "t patyo ng simbahan, plaza

panqunahinq pasukan, ponol
principaL main entance
rh. huge, often dchLy caNed
ononentotion, frcnt daot ol o
church orovi.led wnh a se(ondoN
smdttdoot otanq isteal colled
postigo seNing 6 seNice daor
iglesia, chrt.h p)aza
rhe huqe apen spd@ dfrcnt ol
l rhe chutch ntended foi rehEors
octwitte s ar ceren an ies- The
church ol@o ts usudLlv en.tored
*,t o lo* nefimera,ir"". *"1
ond someimes hos vid cruci'
(woy al the ooss) coNed on ke
with
'

42 / DI(SIYONARYON6 B SWAL NGAR(ITENURANG F LIPINO

 cHURCHTYPE, MONASTIC

Ihe pincipol chutch oJ o

rcligiaus atdet buiLtbestde hen

A circulat window in the trjanqulat space

Itympdnum) of o pedtnentl ttddtttonally
h<roll?tl ro ventiloLe ond rcnove the heot
build Lp dLang the eiLing ponioh oJ d

4
a
A
I
a
d

rcfec\.oryo, rckctaial

A raan ot sooce desonoted

as dinins h;ll n o ndnostery

sonetines the s unaundi n9

klostro, claustro, cloister
A coveted possoge sunaunding o coo.t
net.llv wnh.nlnnnode or ar.ode on the
side aajocent to the coun-

HISPANI' PERIOD/ 43
 CHURCH TYPE, PARISH
ParishChurch
A church sttoteEcallt bult at the
heon ol the tain and plozo. n B
tntended Jot o potti.uLot
e..leeosr l.ol Ln tr \u.ho..tu 6r
town. ond undet ihe tuhsdd;on
ol the rcsdenr pnesi asesned by
parcLy a, parroqu ia l patish
rhe ploce, Buolly the siyulad
((iodod, c ty) or bayan (puebLos,
towr) including iE ddjoinhg
baryos tbotnos, ban o, ond
6is,tar fvii,tas, remote area,
thot B undet the rcLobus
t onsd it ion oJ o rcele d p nes L
I I
d
b
I
dawdawzn, pila de aqua
a bosn Jat hoty wotet tocoted
neot the enthnce enher ih
Jre e s ran di n 9 sttu cru re, onoc h e d
ot coNed aut ln a wall at pillat.
henditahan, pi Ld bauttsnol,
baptremalfont
a stone vessel ot the boousttu
which contons haty woier u;ed
44 i DIKSIYONARYONG BISWAL NG ARKITEKTURAN6 FILIPINO
baptisteryo, bopt ster,o, pasilyo, posill4 aisle pulpito, pulpio, pulpit
bapnstry
The long itldnol secandaty An elevated encLosed stand
A space neor the chut hS cottdot between the chut.h's otto.hed to o woll olong the
l6t
eotrcnce ot ot the level of pews that flank the ndve- conqrcqotion a.eo with
the bell rawet qhi.h 6 dedd;ted occerrbte JLqhr ol rteps
otended forthe p est\ senon-
t
The followrng a.e usually found
rnside a Roman Catholi.Chur.h:
aranya, oranol chandelier
atril, arril, ledern
bad.ho, badolb, bell clapper
b.ngko, bdrco, ben.h
blandon, b/odon, ldrge(hu(h(andleslkl.
blandonsilyo, blandoncillo, emall chur.h ca ndlestick
r.bulto, rebulto, carued religious image
canoierq chestto k€epvestment in the sacisty
kalir, cal,z, chalice
kandelero,.adel€ro, candl€nick
komoda,.o-oda, cabinetwith dGwers
kumpisalan, @.fesiondrio, conf essional
ktusipiho, tuciJtto,.tucifix
.ustodiol monstrance
la.istol, a stand
 CHURCHTYPE, PARISH

7he !ose-shoDed ononent in

b cks at sron:e, Ploced obove on
entdbldtuP ot tn o belltowet os a
i':, i1

sakristiya, sa.rl5t,a, sacristy

A roon neor the P.esbYrery or
hehnd the altor where the socrcd
vessels, ohdments dnd rcbes
n.htdlno the Dtiest's veslond
othet p;rcphindtto used in
htutgtcol seNkes ore kePt.

l [ffi
ililil

kwnb en\o, c o n v e n t o/ c a s o
N\
A nructlre ddjotent at odjaining d
Pdtish church wjth afrres Jor
EE
EliEaus Juncton on the lowet
ond pto.e aJ rcsidence Jor the
pfietts on rhe upPe4loat

---t
H SPAN CPER 0D/ 45
CHURCHTYP PILGRIM
pilgrim church
A chutch buik to house o
nnacutous inoge wtth a
passoqewoy behnd the ohot far
the venetutbn ta the ituase al the
sagraryo/tab€rnakulo?
so9ror,o, tabernacle
one of ke moto. elements ol
the oltoL n the fatn of d
woaden at netol cantainet ond
ollen with a richly ornamented
poneldoot, wherc the holy host
t IE
kro5ing, rru.e/o, crossing
The ateo in the chutch wherc
the dane is lrudlly lacatet the
ploce wherc the nave uosses
45 / D K5 YONARYONG BISWAT N6ARK TEffiURANG F
grudilLas
The wide and inposins arches
thot spdns the inteaections of
the nave and the tansepts ond
p.ovides suppo.l10 the church
t P NO
irnahen,,mag€n, image
A visuol representotion rcsembling the
Jatn otlsurcafGod, Hoty Being,
Pe6on, oiten Painted ot catued.
pedimented doorway
An omdment ottorhed ta the
exte or wall and above a church
daot in o lom aJ o tria.sulat
1
t
.'.'-..'.
.,t'
nove de crucerct ttansept pasilyo, po5llo, passageway
t fhe spoce thot Uottes ot ght The norrow possage at the back oJ
onqles to the nave thereby rhe ptlgnn .hut.h, ollen wth o
lominq d ctuciJun plon u layout senes ofstottuoys. os neonsof
o..ess Jot the devotee n odet to
tauch the tnoge betog veoetoted.
 CHURCH ARCHITECTURAL sTYLE, EARTHOUAKE BAROOUE

Earthquake Baroque

A pvrcmdol ot canical
deiorcton an tap aJ o pttostet

scrolled buttress ""

A tht.k dnole bLnrcss in a

An ahonentdl elenent in d
buitding, usuoLtt on o Jocode,

huizontol band intend.d ta

ueate cedoin wall division

kornisa, aornlsa, cornice fiedalyon, medallon,

a h ori zo n td L, a rnone
nouldingt Jixed at the comet
n ta L
of An arnanental decamtion in
qF
thP nternol woU ond cetlino eitheto rt Llototovalfon with
'
usuotty node oJ waod ot pl;stut. retielarnonentottoh-

The "sun qod" medallion

raking cornice
A decorctive conice used to
cover the .ake oJ the goble wolL-

&1t!FEp

HISPANIC PERIOD/ 47
CHURCH ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, FIL.HISPANIC ROCOCO
St. Ch.rstophe. carrinq the
child lesus
A sculptutul imaqe oJSr
Ch stophet.dtrytng the Chnd
1.<t t on.t holdinn h^
disenyonq maladahon
ng niyog, palm leaf
A n a rn om e n tal de c o ra ti o n
48 iDIrcIONARYONG
Filipino-Hispani( Rococo
An o.chikctuml style in Filipino
churches which conbine Jancful
ond eleoant designs af shellwo*
Akhtedurc wtth sctolls, tocotlle,
ond Philippine flora and Jauna as
A Frcn.htemo g'nolly
releninq to rockwork ot
stonework fot arttlciol caves
of
ond orcttoes: usuollv the use
nn;hPhr. .;.h o.;h.tts to.t's
and plants.
Ah ahomentdttan in the lam aJ
relyebenq huqis puno nq
niyog, coconut tree relef
A tcutpruted Igurc aIo
coconul Re, an endenic
plont in the Philippines, os
r€lyebeng hugis puno
centol decorutian of the
ng papaya, papaya
tree relief
An omonenrol decorunon
thot resembLes the tropical
. .h.onur
A type oJ wndaw wht.h $
senercllysno ohd ovolin
disenyonq malakabibe,
dn amonentdl decorction
B SWAL NGARK1TEKTURANG FIL]P NO
 CHURCH ARCHITECTURAL GOTHIC REVIVAL

Revival

architecturol styLe in Philippine

Gathi. itchite due, late

window, slendet piet ond

sPire

orb finial
A sph?re shop?d uowntng.
omome n t tn a ptn oo.tq sprc or
dome usuolly topped by o ctoss.

pinnacle
G.rhi. odontuent that is

gobtea
sqiarc boe ond pahted
.nnP dhn6.^t.dwrrh
ngawi

A hollaw devi@, usuoLly of gablet

copper, plo.ed oede the
\ipemast podafo.h,rch
towet at ta on ooen Dedtment
ir's rhe s6dll ooble tbot
to qwe oIJ souni oritgnotlor chwned the Eutiess ol
thithLr.h DonshlaneB

Atype ol betl, usLotty sndLl

stop

ahdnehtla.oted dt the
ends ot ternindtion oJ d

arkibobeda,
u

HTSPANTC PERT0D/ 49
CHURCH ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, HIGH RENAISSANCE

Hiqh Renaissanc€
An drchilecturol stvle bosed an ltolqh
Reno'son@ ArctuLectute, lote tsth to eottv
fith century, typl?d by heovv tustltcottoo,
fd.dde hlLed wnh dassicat etements, and
'iltison of stutPtutot voluie in deegn

,l
tr d

Chhrtion ity's mott npon an I

dalawahang poste,
colunnas dcopladas,
A pot of ctoseLy-spoced
.hPn J.ctt.< a d"..tdrr.
t
The tnongolot space oJ a svmbot witch B @npnsed of dn
pedinent, qene rc Il y de.ordted iptight bat tmveEed by a
wnh sculpturcs ond ononents,
enclased by hanzaolol aod
.olunns L-

i6iiiffirrH
mal abintana, ven tnn a c i eq o,

t;r.'i
'-l nl 1 ltliffiilr r0 AsuoetinDosed flndow oh d
w.t i.hov;no it s e\t e hot
op pe a rcn c e'o s de c o rot ive le atu t e
ond is not used fot lighting and

r,uflliffiil5l I

l#rliil;l
rll:ll
ritl!lr
e
u-@i[!!
a
rl ll
!! ll
-r.r
?i:.; a borriet usuoLly of low wall
--J.. nosanrl ond often wnh
decoroive botistes; uted to
ma* the propett's boundary.

50 /DIKS YONARYON6 BISWAL NGARKITEKTURANG FILIPINO


batandilya, boftn d i I t o.
balustrade
A de.otdxve and prcrccttve
@iling system pbced ot the
pailalim na arkong pasukan,
rec€ssed entran.e ar.h
Anarch eguotlt deprctsnq
towatd\ the thte4otDonDn of
the spoce whEh ts o;ovdctt
d.cotdtive o.naments sorh or
CHURCH ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, ROMANESOUE REVIVAL
linterna, lirterna, lantern
A vertrol sttu.tLre on toD of
done or cupolo wirh opei'iqs
ar glozing fot notutollighthg-
sim.boryo, medio notuntat
rhe inpatinscutued rcoJ
structute obove rhe dhit
intenttonally bunt tu ptocton
the ptesence of the chuch and
to svnbohze heaven conino
down ra eadh wnh the lnhi
st ream, ng lron tts t o ntek
.l
modilyon, nodtllan,
modrllion
A decorotive brocket in d sctoll-
like design with acanthus
rir closely set beneoth the carnice.
I
bintan.ng malagutonq,
ventano de Ia ruedo_ wheel
window
A larqe cncuLot window with
se ries of 9 lut os sup ports
rudonnq fuomthe centei
;ih
An embossed ot catued Do1ern
ol .ontinuaus ond ph.;bd
H SPAN C PERtoD/
51
CHURCH, ALTARPIECE
retablo, retablq altarpiece
A tichly decoftted ftumewatk
behnd the oltor usudllv cotoed ond
panted with o ledqe ahd nrche far
the saints, and o tobemdcle at the
lower midsectton aJ the retoble.
fhe wotd rctablo is said to cane
frcn the Ldnn ward tetoulus,"
fomed by the rcats reto tbehtnd)
GenerolLy deplcE the soin16
dssocioted with the Jig\rc in thd.
kuwerpo, cuerpo, horizontal
reglst€r
Ihe hatizontdl divisians ot
bdivisians al the retabb-
,!l
ramilyete, romillete, cluster of
A stylized .lustet or bouquet of
flaweE ofien caNed in wood or
stove as a decorcttue elenent.
52 /DI(S YONARYONC BISWAL NGAR(ITEKTURAN6 FILIPINO
gitnang nitso, central niche
A rccess in the retablo at the
cent aL portion usually intended to
whan the chutch is dedicoted.
i rhe ponel in the nain altot,
kalye,.alle, vertical reg ister
rhe nain vetltcdl dtvsions ol rhe
rctoblo whtch usuallv hos
secondory subdtieins, .efered ro
attic, remote, attic
rhe topnasr patt oJ the rctobla
which is lsuallv uowned ot the
.enter wnh syabohsm
ossaooted wtth)esus at the God
th? Fothet such os ctucttr\ , All
Chi Rho
see ing Eye, Dove, ond
dalawahang malaposte,
p ilastras acopladas, coupled
pilasters
A porcf clasely spoced
de.atuttve woll trcatneht thdt
-prottudes in o waLlt rcsehbling d
colunn with a bdse, shoft ond
olten oJ wood decorcted with
hi hl i.a I Pw n t \ nnd ]n nthp r
arbotante, o16otorre,
A decorctive onanenlina
spint sctoll fom ot design.
predelya, p.edeilo, altaipiece
Ihe suppadns bote of the
reLobla with shclvPs intPnded to
frcnthe ltv.s at the sornts to
;hon the .hu;.h a dedroted
 CHURCH DOOR

Pinto, Puefta, Doot

anentanceway ode lrcno
ponelal wood, qlassa.
.otubinatian of both ]t i s
osuollv ohoil'/ .otued wth
enhe; hoqed ,laldtnq or

botb te
Hfuero,iomba
nhe vetucot sde tmnno nember .ombrero, cabio olto, top
froaoor rail

hat zanto 1, ftd njnq he n be t

ng,janbocentrdl,

centrul verticalromhg
hamba,.Em6o, jamb
The venkol sde ol o doot ond

ndeha, bo,delo, pane

I
tadyans, cabio bajo,

t bottom rail
The lowest horizontol franinq
,,l

bisagra, brsagra, hinge

The ventcal nenbets in wood ar A device attothed ta o doar
steel placed between the nile ' and a jomb which oltows the
ond mlllian of a d aat po ne I to doot to swing, tufi at nove.
futrhet dtvtde the paneL inta

tablero, tablero, board trangka, aldaba, iatch

rhe verticdL baard attached to d.
a lackino device ta ensute the
6 its Jnished daor is aosed, with a hoizantal
doar itume
nPmbPr .f wootl at netol thdt
slides int; d grcave or a hole-

kandado, cetaduft,lo.k trabesanyo, travesa,io,

lock ra,l
A device ot he.honisn fot
sec'tinq a doar when i[ E dosed The hanzontol frominq
member between the top ond
the bottom rujl ot the level oJ

N SPANTC PER|oo/ 53
CHURCH,VAULT

Bobedo, Bovedo,v ault

a aosanry entlosu.e ovet on
orea ot sioce thdtappliesthe
batong pangsara sa arko,

Th. v.ussotu ot the center ar

@wn of o voult ot nn arch, ollen
dp.nrnietl thor lotks the voussans

7:he monqr o. eofth thot setues a wdge-shoped stone ot brkk

os nl between the houn hoI used to the consrwtuo ol the
rhcva,lr<
rhe .utued secilon ot Pottion oJ
on orth ot vatlt betlveen the
crcwn and the sPringing line.

The venicol distance at

panlabas ng m"osued rtun the
'moast
tetet ta thL undeadebl he

imposta, sprinqinq line or

impost

on orch or vouLt begins-

The enlaryed sedton oJ a

colunn ot a wall between two

springer' panloob ng arko,

The lowest wussoir ol
loid ot the impast oJ An atch ThPhrP ot.tNe ofd voLlto.on
foms ;@ncave
arch thdt
tnd.^il;
span
The.le and unsuDooned
d'<roh.. n.n\nnrl ltum rhe
inwatdlace ofan alch a.

boveda de nedio punto, ogivol, pointed

barrelvault seqmental;ault VAUIT

54 /DIKSYONARYONGBSWALNGARKI]EfiURANGFLPNO
 FILIPINO HOUSE

Filipino House
The hybrid type oJ house ld briLt ih lnttunotos, Monila in the 4th
tentury beloa spteod'ns thtoughout the couhtry @nbtn'nq
tehado, tejddo, tiled roof Eoopeon clo'sicol eletient5, atchnedurul elehenrs ol the
a tool frnshed wtth .uNed tmditiondL Chinese houses, ond archnecturc ond cliiote rcsponsive
ot flot elenents ol the to.litionol lowlond houses ot bahay kubo. Uhique
pe.et oJ bunt cloy nles-
with the house is the use ol bintdndng cdpis (capis window) and
.nphnvc u\c oJ iurtot1,ble clc1cntr sd h os dotble lopd?, wde
eoves ood awninqs, Louve4, flootto-celt4q opetoble walk and
ponitions to muimize naturaldaylightandventila on, cross ond
std.k ventildtion systems, and open .a!ftyord o, sun ond wind
cdraloda - semicylindrkal

pldno -flat roofinq tie This house is also called the

Filipino on.estrcl house, bohoy
ia bato, ot bahdy no kahoy
Its otchitectue b different
fion the AntitLian houses in
'Nethe ands, ot even the
todinanal houses in Mexico,
Mediterunean, or S pain thot
was built duing the sone
petud when the Filipino house

bintanang (api5, ventano

One oJ the updght and short
n.nbea sevino atlailina
biatdnilya ( snall window)
.apia, capiz window
dt ke tbo; td de s q n w n.loq
of often thd'nq noparcnon, wrh
j.i a pane ol capiz shell that
prcwdes o non-glory ond
diJuse light to the
'nteho.

aaPts, caplzr aaptz pane

one aJ rhe snatt squates,
fud^<ltiP.r <h. < i<.tl a<
ModowPone n o coptz
wndow frotu the .lon

ostenbly of coptz oonet fited

tn o coptz wndou o pEce oJ

caoiz oahe fixed by o wooden

H]5PAN CPERIoD/ 55
 0N i'tLi 9NVXnD:il)rV9 N lYMSlS gNo^UvNolls)lo/ 9s
,.9nal1
D atxauuD )o udruaya uv
fuossa)re
$et atl
'bDasD)a 'eAJosasle sluauatdut)aqla aq^ Pub
s loot[ tDuorssejo]d'ta6b0o)
)ol a6d4s tb pesn s! )D91
'alos lto)d )a{ toofuaddh aql at etots Pudb
spoo, ,udaal sa q.ns sasadthd aql Puo a)uonue aqt uaa^)aq
tot)tauuo) )ol pazttt)n Pua Dads uoDtsuotr so szNas )Dul
sl. ts .ut ol luabfpD stloql 'Duoque aqt t*lD 'aodt atll
p^al wn:r6 aqt $ Ddt.11! eq
arols /rpuarr'uEqepu!] a)ueJrue /Uon6Dz',uen6Ps
'sasht.ttrlopuD
ppu.tnoq tol)a&4 6 Qsto{ P o$ ato s6u!t11
nt.uts lluosou pasoPua uv aq^ hDds10 uo pasoPu.uv
t
Ura$D 1aE 6tD/aEItD eqt[e ' uroo]arols 'r6apog ',E6apoq
suashotdtaqapLo uou lsb,]t^tDo lot)ot puo .1n.trl
taqld^t pao! 6 u a$ rot bu u tpl t
t
s,^ttuotaulso pasn e puo Dzolo
hpauat pub (uaptt) Dusnt to tEa4s a4 6Dbl uedo asnatl
o q N btpo uod aNat v autotltl b ut uod torua. atlJ
r.!oor 6uwt /DrDs
turued bsurds,p'esuadsrp 'etEs
'(apD,
Dsau pub oeuqD) ropDrodD
'Aas salq )opDtot' (paq )
-paNas 4a slaau aBqa (ua1)t:t) ouot qtl^ (wou 6ut^n) Dtos
Dulsn\ aq\ 01 lua.DIpD ..Dds aq L aql a1 NiorpD htonsn uoot v
6ururp ropauor'ropauiol ruoorpsq /o.r.rDnr
'oup/ n)
11ol sutur )t2q1 tal salpDl
aq^ ..Dtd D a9 ol pt9s st puo
llolo /aD,.,1ta^ qrtubds eql
ua![st oplDx t6utu,p) )oqauo,
pa\oopub o1)o (6u^n) ,t,s ot 6upoat tbts
-
Pdoaato e paolat.q$uoot v aq raltD tq6r Dtis uo!!sub)]V
uaqrlr) /rUror,eursnl elPsalue 'DPlrr 'eprel
etout u lla 01 pan ad s ! ( u at?iq)
oulsq aql ud{ qto ataqq Yora)41o1 a^EDtoap )a
aEah uounq tolaPDtdD.) t$oPuta Pa Pu no Lns p u a
a t(auuwt)Duutolan$ uod v Dalozo uo^9tb to asnoq ttoa
e\tto t)oq aql]D,{ Dnsn .qt .^aqb lttnq elnpnrs alt
lelrol bpgn, 'eFqdl .9tq1b .111 lo loa) aa ot b uo aDds 6u^at^ v
,Ealose )oP tw toputw
loor teu 'DarozD
"opEJtUu
SSnOH ONtdnE

ti ,c ,.G a.r t.G
lado, calado, fretwork
sahig, zueLo, flaat
rhe ho zontol levelled \uno.e h
o nom on wnrtone wotki and
r\ l \
kisame, gulsomq ceiling
The oveheod, olTen ho zontol
sutace in o raon etthet nade of
wiad or netol- u b ihtended to
both conredl the ondedde of
rooJs ot flao6 and pravide o'
decotunve ove rhe ad sudace.
561r"ifllf\
silya, slla, chair
A seot use Jor reLo\otion,
rcoeotian, ond e ntertoi ninq
kostilyah€, colt [a]A ceiling
joist
one of the series of squdre ot
recrd nqulor lun be 6 to which the
FILIPINO HOUSE
artesonado, o,'tesorado
A calJered, cdved, ot htqhLy
patterned woode h ce i ling.
espeho, espeio
A ponel between the wthdow
h?nA dnl th..nv.<lnr
extetiot woll dnd oboie the
doot jonb ond ceiLins Jar
int notbonition lt iseitherof
wood f;ohert th?.tehodrd '
addinonal natual lbht ot,
kotodo (pPrced wotk) lot
persiana, perciono, louver
A window with wooden lrcme
ondrhin slannho wooden slots
rhdt u.th.t fDd or novoble
os talor prot;.tion to ddmn
The interiorof a Filipino
House, partrcularly th€
v,ew ofthe s.l. (livrnq
room) and kaida
(antesala).
HTSPANTCPER0Di 57
 0NtdnE 9NVUnDltluv9N tv \sts 9NoltvNolts)tc/ g9
'utDp to Pund6 attl
,"rr 6r,.::11:]:! o) hinbJ@ alt ud!t.)bauto)
"t,rr., "r, q
Polvarp pasn tuo!
tso) DatlP at pasn Deqs latau uul .uottblnrD!D
{o{ onsn'.dtd utotp tDpe^ v Dbds a ap!^!p
lo fitohso 'adtd
uotp tDty.^ v to atoPua a|pept^ dtu osou t^oltb aun auDs aqt 1o puo
)lels lros rnodsu,, op
to Poo^ Jo,n)Jn4s lD.'ua v uaq ).btd hhJas sapt
bpDUDq ap aqnl 'DnbD ap DpDtoq ap
^otd
a b v ''ltoi tols puo f,uolbq
oqnl Ie,{/o]nu,6urP6urp )a (boPut tlous) Dlttu.y4
tol tautDq lo u.aDa
$D^oputa
tt)o
lut2u lqtauDulo uv
et!6 tseqat
'DIai
\tue)tD6 6u4t
oDa ob\,lo "DpD,o
ual peuauotrs
\prDatl aqtar
pa\qla )a paNDDqtE s|ott) ill b,q q ptos st oPotos too{-
ubtsap tauDd o tltt^ pa arut raaat eql )aJ sapoqs puo )oou
qquazLaqiol Dnw^ J taddo aql uo Dods lDuo\tpPb
ep!^ord al ioa)oue$a iootl
I
s uDaql lD^ tou aya :t)t I -l )e^al aql sePotlotd
lDt/? nIu)s
u6rsap tauPd LtlrM laottaddn,qlo uotuod v
preoqlleM Pooih'eqapuEq uorlrarord
,{eur EU loqPl Eu 6urpEurp tDPDto^
d )oo\ laddn 'zpetoq
- DA alguado altu6lq.u
P@
tDlueuoua 10 aatsolbq poo llotPuD9
a4twoap Jo nsoPuaa^D)atotd PUD 2q lo esDq ,D
tllog eNas^oPula
lDqt (^oPut^ lt,us)
lDuelv, uD ttt6 pept^oto oitluoNlq puD auluada
st lt roualut aql0]uatlo|qua^
puD tgbtt ^opul4
uaattaq taquaa lDtuozuoq 291
)unlou 4o o
ot Pasn lts^opua aql PrD )aa{ rs MopurM
aql uaaalaq aaput^ ll,us aqr
...' oy ow osDd' oueuesed
lleurs brlurr./a,4'ellrudruiq
n
taeqs 14eu topooq poo
-.Pa|na aq paratd a^o o.ap
lo (at^ .to)roa D tltt^ uarJo poaq
.2^otd a) PuD bods )aDelu btll
)ol uoEatttua^ puo )ubtt o o1
o aq Puotraq 6utpafud
^o ota lod aqtlopuaD at aql
Papualu! 6utnnq n asnoq
Itb^ tbulaye aq] u! outuada uv si^Pa /oral, 'orale
MOpUr/|1 /OUrlua^'euelu!q
tou aqt uo4talo&u! llo IJJ1. . "-opolog,,1o
puD qtto) a1 sa^oa aql buo)b sa^oa sJod aql^qa1
papt^dd l\au io pao
PDDId lauuotP lolau v @
^ollDqs lo )uauata a Duoap V
raun6 'luolDUrr ',Polnle
]al)e.rq
/ozDrg'talerq
's|u.uala
ttl lsu t D6 b t 4P tls sapl 6ubada MoputMUea@eq
5utpttog D to ).^@ dat ^dd aqj i; pa)otd trttonsn u@nla) pooq
/Drr,rr] anuo.zP
" )aPuals puD 1t16udn uv
loor '6uoqnq
aPuuolor 'riuoto)t
.shd
'. 'pau
PaUJrrd NDolPb o4t ta uotiun[ saoths 6u[ou audats a] 'uD{uado uD 6u6!d/t
aq Ke pauat a6pr 6uldoF aqr aaqa laot a to lod lsoudol aql eoq lDtau to poo^ bunotpo)
uot) oap loot eo (bt)sol sa^oe) tl)ta uosuul tooP a4)
d\'Dseroal a6pr 'Dra.tquD 'odnted .detes .qt a^aqb pDratd E^ogD aoPut^aPDloq v
ta^
tot l4 ansn tuedbL)auv t
tDtuoqD ap DuDlu a^
l6||,le t
-a otd x\alue tbfilatuD 'euelu!q 6uoI!uPqp'eleur
t^o[ra]o^utDi i^o^ to uatlDbnro) qt@ Ja.qs
anrt blnsJoot6uda\ tbrzu P.2ttb^lbb qtalod v
' uoq)aeatut
ab] uaa^taq aqL tapozt u D^tD 6
+od pazNe
Aaff^'DlaqDwll ^p6
o.rrlq'6uoqnq 6uoial
rsnoH oNtdt' l

viga, Gf\et
lilan,
'oleplate
tabla, tablaruelo, f loorboard
languette,
9roove
A joint used fot paneled wood
flaor at wall mode by o tanque
on one edqe af o pdnel into d
corcspanding groove oh the
edqe al onother panel to ptodu.e
kabalyete, cabollere, ndge
roll
Ihe hotizontol cap af metdl ot
clay tile that coveB the idqe aJ
beam/bottom chord
A weiqhty piece of Lunber with its
eods @meded ra the rcoJ beons
thrcuqh lop totnts n atdet to leep
floorjoist
haligi, ioflgue, post
Heow squarc timber calumns o.
loqsbutied dnectly n the qrcund
above stone bouldeR to tuppon
pundasyon, footing
a stuucturaLelenent in rhe Jatn ol huge
stones ot (ut stone blo.ls to suDDon o
cotunn ot wott hon undemeath:
FILIPINO HOUSE
tr
palopo, caballete, ti
leiher os kino ar aueen
woodenttussta provtde
the dioganol membeB-
A sholl hnber seNino
as cloy tile roof bose-"
barakilan, /o.quers or
A rectanqulat ot squarc lumber
honzontally Laid obove rcJleB
ot top chotd wherc qolvontzed
rcahno sheettorcfi^ed, ot in
.ose ol o ttte rcaf notenoL
whed bofiens dre oddthed
rehas na buntis, bari?ones,
bulging iron grilles
Onanento| otillewo wtth
closety- spocetr nenbe rs n
srrcllpatteh comporcble ta o
tahilan/cahab.an, /r9s del
The secondory recton qu ld t
JIoo. beah rcsting on the bigo
(bean) where the solerus
pade\ colicanto, lime and
A woll built of naturul stones
.r hri.k. hnn;lPtt tnnPth.r
soka,o, zo.olo, footinq
block
Ponian of the nosohto woll
thot E b;ned ar padl; buned n
thea.ound, aften much thrket
thoi the woll ond acts a\ wolL's
HTSPANTC PERToD/ 59
FILIPINO HOUSE
dos agwas, dos aquas,
gdble roof
A rool hovinq two slopinq
plones, edch descendihq fran
the ndoe ta the edresond
Jomi;g o gable at eoch end.
A masanty woll built out aJ
smoll or broken stones ot
.o b b Les ol t rc g u tarc hape s.
latgamasa, argamaso,
mortar
A wet hixture oJ cementinous
hote iols (l i ne ot cene nt,
sand, and water) that setues
os bondng osent Jor stone
palapala/andamyo,
andomio, scaflolding
A structu.e or pLatJom, etther
temporcryot ovoble, used os
supponing franewotk ar Jat .
pesons wuking hiqh obove the
rhe scalfoldng hos o puente
(plotfom) ond B supponed by
nachi nales hon zontal), ond
i osl/a (dioqonal btoce).
armadwat armadura,
The wootlen skeletol element
oJ owd ot tool ossenbted at
fitted toqether to hdndle both
inte rior and erte riot f nishes.
estuko, estuco, stucco
An extetiorfrnish to nasonry
nmure iJ time ka sona.
The hord otutedtve .aano af
o nasoni wotL composed 6f
' are laid or insened in a wood
60 / D (SIYONARYONG EIswAL NG AR(ITE(TURANG FITIPINO
kuwatro agwas, cuatro
09uo9, htp toot
A toofwith lout slopinq panek
with its sides neetinq ot an anqle
'
tabike, tobique, thin
Atype ol asonry wdll seNinq as
pom oo h uppet fl006,
@nstructed ol saltd bn&s thot
Jrcnewotk with x-btocins beJore
lnishing with a lirne plaiet ot
medya agwat medio agual sanePa, renef4 fascia board
a!vnrn9
A hanzantal waod baard verncoLlv
A toof-lie stuctLrc dbove the ottoched ta the roftels end to
wnlo8 b Dtuvide btute.1ton prcv'de o bond rh;oughout rhe
ftom the su; dnd thL rcn- eoves ot suppon the alulod
Outte). :
I
d€ silyar, de sillal, dimension
silyar,si[d4 dimension
A sohd piece oJ quotted
dtessed stoh?, usjally
'n
sqrate at rcctongulot shope
exteiat nasonry Jinish.
tabike pampango,
co nstruc led usina i hteMoven
stt,ps of bonbo;.overcd
klabiha, .lav,ta, wood dowel
plaster, emplasto, plaster
A wet subttdnce, usuolly oJ
oppLied 6 either a prctectire
ot d decoronve .oatinq when
hardens fot mosanN wdlLs
a
kalikanto, cal y conto
lne ond
A stucco node ol
halo, nizcld, mixture
a stucco oJ ccl (line), arcna
piyedra, p€dr4 dimension asulehos, az ulEbs, glazed
qranite stone tiles
BLo.ks of otontte stones often Cobdul gldzed tiLes, ariginaLly
enprov6lfar pav'oq, steis lot nostly in shades of blue, used
stats and qtuund level floanng. suidce
Jor woinscotins and os
Ongtholly, the stones were used as Jinishes Jor Jtoon and stai6.
balLast lot chtnese th,ps
 FTLIPtNO HOUSE, STATR

Escolera, Stan

kahabaan ng hagdan,
trcmo de escalery flighl of
stair
Continuaus seties of steot tn o
ral stat between londinss, ar lloot.

madreng-hagdan, str nger

Thela.q paruLlelp e.e af
lunbet thoi haLds ahd
sqpant the stotr\ steps at)d

low barrier ehdosino o stoir

The vefti.aL woodbootd

.'.---.
baitans, nueJlqii;d
rhe huiz6iat uppet surfo.e of d
step in a stdt usuolly ofwood ol
m€seitm€r€to, landrnq
fi1e hanzontal DLatfom enhet
ot the foot at e;d fiiqht of o
stait; ot, between thefight ol

E-
trt
--.,]
i|_H
Il I il
't--

escalera i n periaL, double - es.dlers a la catalona, escalera de ida v welta.

half.turn <t.ir ' 1-t:

I Iw
es.alen ruNo de un solo
tromo, straight-run curv€
stair escdlero recta de un solo
t/omo, straight-run stair

HISPANIC PER]OO / 51
FORT

A sttohg delensive pbce, intended

Jot nilnary tuops, enclose.l with
ditchesondn potts ohd prctected
by bostions ond born.ons.

ga.ita, garito, baruzan

A snall tawet ot the upper cornet aJ
the fontfied wott ot bdstion ds
Puena de Sonttooo. Fon
Santr.go Gate ' '
The inposinq omonentol
$ttunce gote ol Fon Sondago in

bodega ng pulbura, o/mocelr de

polvo.o, gunpowd€r storaqe
A sttu.tute fo. tlP storcge aJ
gunpowdea which ts ollen neotthe

ba,warte, baluarfe, bastion

kalsadang pang'patr;lya,
A prcpcrnq patt of the
comino de rcnda,gangway
fodifKottoo, rcund ar polysonal tn
A continuous posegewoy along plon, ntended ta hove o oumber oJ
the perimetet al the fontied waLl f nq diecboo lor both connon ond
used Jot Potrollinqond othet weopons to dqend the

52 i DlrctyoNARyoNG BTSWALNcARKTTEKTURANG FtL p No

 FORT

terreplein
rhe tevelled, top plotfom oJ a
bo.rion ot senibottion wh.te

Dotuon of the bostioo or

iboston {hdt ptotrudes beYond

\.'
epaule
rhe .ornet of o baston ot seni
bastion wh&e the fuce ondJlonk

A wide , deeP nench

rutuundnothe tumportoJo
fodtEd pice thot ts uslattY

olasa nq militar, P/oza de

irrmas, inilitary Plaza
An oDen sDo@ @thh the
_.-._1__ L r.niEd walls fot
'"di:''r'es suci ds
ntitdrY
dn s ond

HISPANLCPERIODi 63
IVATAN STONE HOUSE

sinodumpotun, slone house

A rype ol tvotan hoose us\olly
huilt Danllel to the rcad ond
kovahayan, village
with stone nosonty wolL and The housing secnan of o
thick thotch rool rhe iosonry Batanes rawn or cohnunily-
o. the doble wal! covers the
sobte.;nd of thetha raol.
rrodiuonolb, the nato house
wth poya tshelves)6o ane
roan spoce lteo lot steeptnq
ohd livino while the kit heh is
an indep'endent structurc- A
sinadunDdrdn B otuwded
wnh wnaaws o.ti on the
southern ond we;teh ede due
to the strong winds coming
Jrc the nodhetn ond nodh

Mdytuob/Nituavan
Othertypes of lvatan Ahothet vo atpn ol the Shadunpoton hause
Stone Houses: wnh thkk hto rypethotch roofinq

Mdyhutuhed chivuvuhng
Ah tvdtdn hause wnh thtck caqon rcoJ An lvotan house hovino its three sides
A vdtiotion of the Sinadunparun the bwet bottton af the en.losno waLl a node ftan caqon qras; sec!rcly tted to
wnh the th(k goble-end .ogon rooJ of masoniv whiLe the upper poain a th.will.r 1. whne rhP remonlno woll
e\posed or built obave the hosonry constucted usno @oon 'ordss securcLv E erc.ted out of stone ndsantu. li has o
tzd Lothewall4ud; thrck cason q;ss rooJ n sabl; desgn

atep, rcof ......

The ponon ol the th6k
BnrnhP< h.n...onohs?d coqan rcol thot prcpcts
bevond the extehot stone

obove reed mdtting and

with wood spaceE tied

rhe hvnq quatle1 oJthe

house foi,tee pls, wo+ing

rihas, balustrade ....... rhe kusino (kitchen) hasa

The entire raiLing system

.onposed of wood top rcll,
de.6.otive bolustea on l

ohbu, basement . .. fhe tukoh (rie bean) obave

The f6t floor of the house

used Jot stonns jo6, boots

belangings ot in plenents.

64 / D KSIYONARYONG B SWAL NG ARK1TEKTURANG FIL P1NO

 IVATAN STONE HOUSE

sd\awan, tidge bearn

A 4'\4'woad beon dt lhe tidge a bundle of twa to three PQ(es
ol the rooJ to suppon fie uqPet of ree.tt lo:;d hon2ontdLly and to
betvveen bundles of coqon to
Josten ot tie the cogon rool

bindiog rafter
rhe frst ldyet of thicl bundle oJ
coaan qtoss toof ldid d4ctly dt
A .aoJ undetsheeting in
Bdranes houses node fuom
ctosely knn reeds aranqed n
a poiltel fom alons the

A a"x4" parallel wood bed6s

dttoched to the idge bean
and rcol beans ta suppotl the
thrk and heavy .ogon g.ast
gable wa

bunghalo, canriliuet

A pP@ oJ tmbet ot sto.e ldtd

ond prctected honzontdLly
beyond the sutace of the woll
to prcvtde supponJot the rcaJ

pongafiivu.an, rcoI beam

A Lahg pie@ oJ hedvy squarc
timbet, 6"x6" in size, rcstinq
above the longet wall ol the
hause to srppott the rcoJ's

gada-gada, maso nry \'! all

A woll bult of noLltul sLone
u sudtly.orcft boes, quott;d
and cut inta blocks ond bonded
togethet using Line hadar

marcu, erlerior lintel minatufidn, lime monat ponogatan, floot joict

srcoewaAnon consisnns aJ 3"x6" rectangulat beams laid
sloked lne ond sond. Lme ln parullel with ed.h othet ove. o
eneriat wiodaw or daar Botones is caLled "aned." qidet as suppod lot the

suyid, w all footing tirante, gndet

The widened port aI nosonry A 1"r8" han2antol ptece of
stones, about 47" ia width, laid lumbet @sthq obove the
n love6 to tmnsnn loods bu nqholo (.on tileet s! ooott)
to suppott the flaorjoists.

HLSPANTCPERT0D/ 55
LIGHTHOUSE

Paro, Foro, Lighthouse

A complex light house usualLy
locoted on too af the hll
cantoninq tie liqhthouse towet,
the pavilion, the storage ohd
litchen. lt is ntended to prcvtde
eodtLy ovatlobLe lBht thot wnl
oude seo vesset navoanon and
7 eep ships and athe t-v e sse t s
lran paknrdl ho2otd-

almasen, alma.e4 storaOe

The buiLding whete rhinss are

storcd Fot the liohthatse. rhis
buiLdtns 6 ntended lor stinoq
conbus ble fuetequpnent dnd

pabelyon, pobellon, pavillion

An elevated stvctute which
cantaqs th.e oflce and the ttqng
qlodecolthe teepeR.

cupula, (Upula, cupola

A domecl sttu.tue utudlLy @ith
.nculot bose intended 6.eilino

parapet, pdropeto, parapet

A wolkwov orcDnd the lontem bintanang salamin, cr6tal,
which is p;okcted by .diLings- glass pane

rheftomed.olass used os wall

enelosurcJoi the hshthouse s-

bentilasyon, ve ntillocion,..
ventilation
An openinq, either pemonent o.
opetoble, n the foot, itenor ol The tdll ond dender structure ,
.rte or wol, ceilinq or roof to ollen oJ mosanrt at sreet ,
ollawfiesh on inside the whi.h hoDsesthe lontern an its
rtruciurcs ond k ep olJ heot
butld.up tn the htehoR.

66 / D KSIYONARYON€ BISWAL NGARK TEKTURANG F tIPINo

 LIGHTHOUSE

taas ng pokal, oltuto focot,

tocus plane
rhe heght obove rhe base oJ the
tovtPt ot lrcm the sea level where
the ce.rA oJ the beon ol hght It
'+l
1
:j

optikang Fresnel, opn.a

de F.esnel Fr€snell€nr
An apti( unit bos.d onthe
d e tsn phnctpl e s aJ August tn

inte n sif e s btightly o nd

n otaws conce ntoted I iqht.

lintema, l,ntemo, lantern

ilawngparo, lighthouse
A rcon above the towet ||hich !i9ht
houtet the liqhthouse's lens with
qlass-frcned windows oll orcund. Ihe hghhg equphent
comp ted oJ tanq ond tens
thar qtvet ond distibules
c centated light in o
hetanda, ve ft ndah, ve?nrla
An open tpdce in lrant af the pnsmat Pisma, Prism
butdiho usuotLv covered ond
olten iavidel wth pe neter A tonsoatentobiect th two
nonpoioltel planLe ot ns eod
ond ts used to bend the beom

BB I

HLSPANTCPERToD/ 67
MARANAO,TOROGAN

torogan, sultan's house

A ptoce ol residence ond alJtce oJ
the reiqning sultan and imnedidte
nehbets oJhBJontty- Torcsan u
o tso the com muntt s v e nue Jor
tmportdm soctdl events such os
wedd i ngs t thonksg i vi nq wakes
oside ftoh .ulturdl ntuols dnd
sp ti t i a L- re lated acti v i ti e s.

F ,r
-,n

dwellers of Ldke Lanao

and said to be ofmixed
Malaysian and
.1.l\ lndonesean ancestry.
Torogan rs a huge one.room house with putarora, or pugigaan lmat) assiqned for every member
stayrng with surtdn ard 6aol (wood chest) as storaqe for their belongings.

The or(ir,s a populdr N4ardnao art form ano ,s appled both rn the "sor,in onut'{w.ld roo<ter
symbohrrnq completeness, wea rh, prestrqe, and power)dnd 'panolo.rg" {end-beam des qn). lhese
:n forns are evtensively used ds de(ordtions in both interior and ex1eio'ottheir houses (torogdn
dnd rtdla o woloD, boat5, musrcal instruments such as harp a.1d lotiapi(rtnnq ,nctrument),
weapons such as tamp,la n lsahle), dangdnan, and rebat (spear), and coconut grater and ladle.

a house of the hbhestrcnkar

nchest d;tu n alpoqawit"

]t isa huqe, poftnian less structure

on sttlld with oki decomtian on the
boseboa tds, windowsil ls, o nd
daorjonbs. Although thb hause has
omamentation, itdaes not have the
pdnolongs ot tichLy coNed end

lawig
noteiols for the
A house oI light
connan People tt has no
ornonentotion ond a ruised obove
orcrnd on stills and wnh or qthout

68 /DIKSYONARYONG B SWALNGARKTEffiURANGFL P NO
 MARANAO,TOROGAN

end-beam design onsod, fence-like motif

fdanquLar or pyftnidaL design
usuotty applEd at the focode oJ
the hause below the windaw.

bolkdlly captute the sun\ energy.

tiali-tali, rope-like motif
Ropelike de sig n syn boliz ing
sttength ohd unity generclly
opptied ot the lacade ol the
holse above the window.

obar-obar, f lower-like

flawer desigh ollen applied at

the Jocode of the houset
jnctudins the
Jd.e ol the uppe.
Jrcnt on d carne r cotun ns-

birdq growing vine or

scroll-like motif
The most cnnon dnanentoL
desjg n symboLizng contin'ity
borh lot interiot andexteiar

niaga matif

Panolong

tiali-tali nrot f

HISPANIC PERIoD/ 69
MARANAO, TOROGAN

. lamin, princess'room
A richly-decoroted rcom

An elevdted bed with ab

anonentotion an iE sides
ex.lusively intended fat the

s€ndigan, su tan's
tulang, kitchen
Aspacjous ateafo;
prcpatuttan dnd @al.ng

panqgao, sultan',
bed

pukananan (dining)or wirh;h.atued

pugigaan (sleeplng area)
drcund ns sides.The bed
A mdt p.avided for each membet
is orie nted edst-ta.west
livho instde the house where
ahd k shateclwlth
he/she w l tnke hdhet meol ond

mamandiang

lalansay somand€9
Hand embroidered and
kerit, tread
The main acce* ta the uppetflaot Pieces oJ rectangulor badtds ar
drcpe& thot E ved@lly
leveLofthe hause with the entire pLank oJ wood used os steps in d
"momdndidnq' to caeet
ftanewark, i n clDdin q t h e rui I i n q s, the i nteriar waLlboords -

70 /DIKS YONARYONG BLSWAL NGARffiE(URANG FILIPINO

 MARANAO,TOROGAN

pulaos bungan, king Post

fhP elobarutetv caNed vertiel A steep, thick cagon raof
nembes obo;e th. tiDdi-n-wolaY bve no the entte hause with
(tie beom) ta suppad the roal a florin1.ehd ot its lowet bose
dt JP to rhe loNho n.hndtian

kalasaqan, rafter
Pedonaulat woad nenber set ot o
hsh. ptich onste or Jronewat I Jar

tinai-a.walay, tie beam

The thick ond h\qe horizontol
nenbet, often eloborately cotued
wnh Mafthaa decorottve elenents
thdt .enforces the penaetet rcol
beamt dnd suDDorts the ltoq past

sumang, hip rafter

The secand tayet raftet which is '
connected to the lowe. end oJ
kalosagan UaJtet) ond wnh o wry
Low in.hholion at pn.h The erposed I

sedion oJ this raller, locoted below

the rool eaves, is enbellished with

lantay, floor board

The th itL waade n pl o nks t hat
frnnbh a\ fl oot pohett of the ndh

dulo9, floorjoist
rhe thrL ond htoe hond-hewn
honzontot nenier rhar suppons
the floor oJ ke spo.tous house-

tapuwilih, centralpost
The nossiv. wooden calunn
cotue.l woode; .atumn stloted dt the centre of the
houtedndotionsw h {he
putaos buns;n Atns post)-
runding, wallboard
The thkk wooden pLank that
are venkollv ihstdlled os hausc
endosure. fhe wdltboards on
the side whete pdnolonqs (end
bedn desiqns) drc Lo.ated ate
tichlv coNed with decatutive
natih su.h ds tidti-tiali nope
ltLe), obor.obor (tawerli e),
onsod tfencelilet, and bitdo
Otowing vine ot sctoll like).

l. Every post rests on 5 6 pieces ofwell closed rocks

,\ that serve both ds loundanon dnd Drotection from
the oround termites an.l m.i(ntr.'
N SPANIC PER 0D/ 71
MOSOUE

Masyid, Masji4 lVosque

A spntual sanctuot't lot Mushn
wo6he p nonl\/ qoiened bv
circular minaret the litutuirol oxis towoIl.
A taLl tawer with d ct ulot
MokkolMecca)- Faiausq
bose, ottdched to o nosque and
ond Yakon, its Lanscal whtle fot
with stons thot leod towards lhe Maronoos, tts RdnggdL
the boLcony or balcones wherc
the muezzin .oll the fotthlul I Allah

I Atobictetn fotcad the

octahedral base of minaret

The mnoret s bose hoving eight

mihraL prayer niche

A niche tnside o nosque thot
indkates the diredion of Mecca.

hilal, starand cr€scent kiblah, qiblah

The pnne onentonan in MasqLe
Ah enblem of the hLohtc wotLd Architectore which shows the
plo.ed ot th; tapnost Donbn ol Mis aJ prayet tawards Mecca

minaret ......... Aspo.e used Jot @nmundl

wotshpJat neh dndwanen
Frcn the Arubic "monara"
meaninq "qivinq aff litrht";
o tdlt, stendet tawet aJ o
nosque wherc the coLl ta

01il A bulbau t ogee-s,\o ped done

0n l

72 /D KSIYONARYONG B SWALNGARKITEKTURANG FIL P NO


munkipyo? .asa real, town
M
pangunahing ka
The wide ot spo.ious lLdt sudace,
nlended tottunsporl gaods, and
octs ds a wav of tftvel fat Peoqle,
thdt is odjacent ta the pLaza and
connecttng neofty towns at cities.
kalsada, calzada, taad
The wide a. spocious rood
betw?e h bu i I d i nds ond h auses
conne.ted to thz main rcad.
plasa, pld2o, plaza I
Ihe wde open spoce bouoded
bv rcdds o1tl odpcenl to the
ctui. dnd edesiastical buildinas
aJ a town ot ctty ond ntended
fot poluaL at soctal odtvnies.
ln the Odenonzo af ,571 ol
Ld$ oJ th. lodes, the Ploza
wasthe stodiog Poi1t in the
creot@n al o town ot .ty.
eskinita, esgulnfa, alley
A no@w rcadthat provides
dcce$ to inte.ior lots ot buildjngs
obelisko, rbel,s.o, obelisk
A slendet stane with sguate base
thdttdoe6os it nses ond
tumin:ores with a awohidal
Jom ot nsopex ti is usuatly btrt
s'qoficonl
connenorcte o
casade piedrc stone hou.e
casa de haderuy tejo wooden
house with tiledroof
simbahan, r9?€sl4 church
An edfrce ot place oJ chnstqn
Ihe dwellihg ploce of a fanily.
See olso Flipino House-
casa de vivienda - big house
.oso qronde - huqe house
plantatioll or ha.ienda
cosa de nadetu - los ot
@so de dos oquas - qabled-
.oso de quatro oquds - hip1ed-
coso d. notenoles fueRes
cosa de hatefloles liodtos
house of hqht 6atenals
TOWN PLAN, PLAZACOMPLEX
Plaza conplex
fhe loyout ond placenent aJ
bath civic dnd e.cLesidsncaL
bttldhas arcund the centrul
olozo lased onatdenon2d ot
'rs71
tPresotptto.s for the '
Foundatian oJ Hispanic Coloniol
Towns) or .annonly rclefted to
d\thq Lnw<.frhe tnd@<
The giditun plan that defnes the
layout of the town o. city-
hukuman/korte, caso
trlburd{ courthouse
Durinq the Hispanic Pdiod, a
multi-use civic buildinq with
meeting hdlls Jar nunicipal
ouilds .atftrcom ahd detention
lor to; offehde\, and te.:,poruw
shelte.Jot trcns ient dnd
ot lindero, Iirdero, lot boundary
The tegolty defned ond rc.atded
ofa
bounclories ol o Oroperty ot porcel
looban or bakuran, ioldr,
plot
A snall areo oJ lond thdt 6 ot
could be used Jot o pdrnculot
- purpose, fot e\anple, wherc a
building is construded-
-
H|SPANICPER|oD/ 73
TOWN PLAN, FORTRESS CITY

In tram u ro, I o ft t ess cily

fhe .enter of dt. ond e..Lsi6ti.
tuLedutinq ihe Sponish eetiod with
thecoDttalctttsltrcunde.lbto
' --
srbnd, detunaive watt for nog' no' lvet beaterio, beoterio, orphanage ospital, hospltal, hospital
prct.dan ohd_d ntltorylonatthe a natoal strcan oJ wotet A structurc undet a rclisious A buildinq used ta qive nedicol
novrh oJ thc Poeig Rivet. colle<tert hon the-DrcdDnoton otdet which ptovdes cdte lot the dnd surgicaL corc to the sick and
oJ hrb oid uptondi ro;ods the

tulay, puente, htidge

A sttuctore buik obave on
obstacLe or depression, enabLing
passase oJ a pathlvay ot

balwarte, bolusrte, bEstion

A projecting port aI the
I ott|coha4 roun d ar poty qa not
0 plan, ntended ta hove d
oumbetoffi nq directton fat
both connon dnd other weobans
to deJend the adta.ent petikezt.

embat..derc, embarcaderc, .

An drca used os o tandins ploce lot

eskwela, esauela, school ships dnd othet water vessek.

A building ot conplex devoted

Jot edu.otbnol srudies ot
dtffercntQted levels Schaoh tn ay u nt om b n tol c ab i I do t city h all
tntrumuras during the Hisponk
Penod rcorhed ta o totol af ten
and were all manogcd by'

dLso space Joithe ptison

monasteryo, morastelio,

A buildins wherc relisiaus

almasenes, a/macenes,
people, non,J or nuns, rcnre .ath
frcn thewo d lot prcyet ond The pnncipal church ol

reol, to storc tibutes in

mdin Plaza
bodega ng a

rcmpotts ond prctected by

bastionsandbdnizans.

74 / DIKS1YONARYONG 8IsWAL NG ARKITEKTURANG FILIPINO

 TOWN PLAN FORTRESS CITY

baryo, bdnio,6aftio rebelin, revelrn, ravelin

A wide , deep tench surouhding A distnd, contaihing a neighbothood ot drca thot A vahoped defeneve elevoted
the rumpon of a fortilied pLace loms a rcLatMely sef-contained sociol untt ntuGuru, derdchetl fion the
thot is usudLly llled with water tntonutos, Mantla hot four bo ios, nomelv: san ronpad ood ptovided wnh ns
Antonio, San Cddos, Son Gobtiel ond San Luis- own onmunirians serving os
outede ptole.tton ol rumpaft

P,efta, Puerta, ponal

An mpasing entance, often
ananental wide enoush as
6 possoqe Jat bath pedesrnon aod
wheeled vehieles The fattified
waLl ol tntramuros hos eiqht
noin ponoh whrh ih.lude ReoL
Lrcio, Aknocenes, Aduano,
'ta. Daninso, lsabell ll, Pasnqo,
Sta.

@idence ofth, podsh priest.

simbahan, iglesio, church

maliit na ba
b iribastion
An edifce ot ptoe of christian
waahtp. ln lnnanurcs, d totol oJ
. ight c hur. hes we rc buth,
odmely:Captchtna, Sdh
Fruncisco, Ve ne ruble Otden
Tercerc, Soqruio, RecoLetas, Son
Agustin dndsan lqno.io

a tsobisp a do, o n o b is p a d.4 mw aly a, mura lla l ft mpart

episcopalpalace /7 The elevated fotufied wall.
rcsidena{of the
The africiot usuo y wth ;lop;s Jaohg wott,
Ronan Cotholk 4ichbishop of
connected ta the Jod and

OngihaLly refe6 to a Chjnese

sheno, d ptdce oJ residen.e,
business ond vade fot the Chhese

HTSPANTC PERToD/ 75
P
art s
^)

At'lERICAN PERIOD
' American Period Anhitectural Style, ltalianate
' American PeriodArchitedural Style,Victorian
. American Period Ar.hitectural Style, Misrion Revival
. American Period Anhitectural Style, Neotlassic
' Americd PeriodArchite.tunl Style, Neo.Renaissan.e
' Ameri.an Period Anhite.tural Style, Neo.Gofri.
' Ameri.an Period Ar.hite.tural St/e,Art De.o
. Ameri.an Period Ar.hite.tural Style, Streamlined
. Ameritan furiod Architectural Style, Eauhaus
' CapitolBuiding
' Gabaldon Schoolhouse
 AMERICAN PERIOD ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, ITALIANATE

bullsey€
a ,:no rcundwindoy oJlen A type oJ rcoJ havihg o low slope
olons the domer or eieiot woll otinclination.

rusticwall bintaneng nakaungossa

pader, baywindow
A woll with buiains stones aJ
rcus h sutaces dnd chanfercd A tvoe af wndow thot The dianqement oJ calunns ot
Jroko iarr,Jomnsa piLdste6 ih pojB, pldced very

broken-bed seqmental . " eskudo, coatofarms

An emblem often of hetoldt.
A rype of seqmental pedinent beonnqs ond usuo(ly ptoced
with a base having an openinq dt dbove the nain entrcnce door
the .eot.t, tsuolly opphed to o ot oLong the hip goble wall.
wnLl obove o doai ot wndow-

salomonica columns . .

A type ol colhn with o shaft A caaopied nkhe ot opening

cotoed oto twated ot spnolJarh Jlaoked by ptl8te5 o.

AMERICAN PER OO / r/
AMERICAN PERIOD ARCHiTECTURAL STYLE, VICTORIAN

squaretowerwith mansard
Astvle nE!rcpedu nq the rcgo
of Ciu.eo VEtona in Gedt Bftoih Any towet whtch is roughly square
I'a837. 1901) reviwn g dndla t o ilon and rcofed with o doublY'
combhtna the eleneots ofcothk pnched sobte ot htp+ooffom.
ond t toltanote s tt Le s such o s steep
qabt d toof antl dome.s; cane
shoped turcts at squore tawet
wih nonsod tooJ intticdte o.
n( h I y arno meote d po nel linqs,
trus,es. and broces; ponelled
ette ot wollno wth eithet
ho zo.tol, vei(ol or diaganol
desgo, ond wde overhanging
eovetw h e^posed rcJlet ends.
Notoble budinqs oI ths style orc
Carcat otspentory (naw Co.cot
M u seun ) tn Ce bu, Leqordo
Elenentary S.hoal n Manila, and
Silliman Hdllin Dumaguete City.

fascia gutter
A rype oJ gutter, usuolly oJ sheet
netol, firnly attached ta o fuscio
boord oJ dn eaves to cdtd
tuinwotet Jran the rooJand
canvey it to a downsPout-

decoratrve eave5 vent

' An dt vent placed aLooq the
A ruinwatet plpe, usually
alnetolsheea ven@tly eoves wnh anonentdl design
ntt.thcd tnonPhcrinr
wall to dtect rain wotet
Jrcm o rcol guuer to the

A thin decorctive colvnn

placed along an exterior
,l @ndow open'ng ot meons

;uppott far sltdnq wndow

sibi, awning
A Jramed rcoJ-tike shodins
sttocture over a window ot
doot ta provide protection
esPec iolly agd i nst the su n
I

latti(e siding approach stair

A type of enerior cloddins oJ A seies oJ steps placed in
timber badds in d lottice lom. front oJ a buildins thot
leads ta iE nain entrunce-

78 /DIKs YONARYoNG BI5WAL NGARKTEfiURANG EUPINO

 AMERICAN PERIOD ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, MISSION REVIVAL

Mission Revival

An orchite.turc noveneht whi.h

oriqinated in the united stltes ot
the end oJ the ryth century
,reg* rcviving ondlot enploying the
e lem e nts ol rhe 5 po n6 h Colonto I
Rewvol5lvle. I hts hos been
wl.l.tv BAl lnantlt nn
cho.;.ten,ed bv ihe used or tow.
urched qobte tiled .oat sicco
lnBh eaeaot wols, wtdeeaver
wtth clasely sDoced etposed
tuJtet eod, Jrcn1spie.e wth
e\ posed qoble wdll, ond impaenq
upper fldo6 that is enclosed
with either |9ood, stonet or tquore towes wnh Pytontdol
netal deco rutive rcili h9 s. rcol Notoble buiLdinqs af ths
style oP the Buredu oJ Science
Buildino ond Namol Schoal (now
P h tlie pine Na.nol UhN e6t tr ) on
Mohila, ond Cebu High School in
Ihe undecide af the bdl.an
bokonette witl; seties aJ
deeorative brc.kets ol equd I

smoothfinish stucco
The nasanry woll hoving snooth A type af window cotnposed oJ
foces bousht obout by the hme-
based s rucco eoo in q o pphe d to
rhe bh.Ls ot noturul stones qoll
to reduce the efJ..t oJ erosian-

squaretowerwith Pyramidal tsimenea, chimney

A type oJ domet prctechg Alre prcoJ vetticdl sttucturc
above the iled rcoJ in L|ission that encloses aflue carrying
A r.h itec ure wlt h n ultkuNed.
t woste qoses lron b\ildinqs ot
s hope des igh s i nlor to the

rype ol.ornie suppoded by a

^ser€s of decoturke btu.tett of
mission parapet
A low waLl, extendins thelon
iuncnon of an enernal watt ond
t@J wth muhrcwed-shope
deean on itsuppetend.

/ C m

l
firllr
UT

^
a ttl

/,1t a a
r
4-:u: 'i
I ffii iBEE $
]l
]J :r .

AMERICAN PERIOD/ 79
AMERICAN PERIOD ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, NEOCLASSIC

Neoclassic

A style whtch anEnored n Eutope and n the

UnitedStolet fton 188510 tg2s tettvtoq ond
@hbnno the Greek and Roman Clastcal
archne.tirc wnh the deos oJ Renatsson.e
Afthne.ture Also colled Close.ol Revtvol dnd
Beout Atts Clottosm, this style n.aeorctet
arand@se svmmet.ical complasn@n ond lacode.
colonndded pottica with grdnd stor ond imposing
colu n ns, bol usrrcded bdlcon ie s, p tonounce d
carntces ond entoblotures- ond tnohaular
pednent. sqnfi.ont butlAnqs ol this style n.lude
Post Offlce Building ond PacoTrc]n Stotion in
Monilq Sorsason PrcvinciaL Capital in Sosogon
City, dnd Uniresity ol the Philippines in oiLa City.

pediment
The tudnqulot qable usuolLy
n.ln.. d ht hoh2 anto I o nt1

mtr[r-
?
rckinq coiices obove a pornca at

The tht.k hanontol band obove

calunns, consisting typirolly oJ SORSOGON PROVII
the a.chit.ave, lrieze, and

l
)

l
A calumn bdsed an the clossicol
Grcek ond Ronan udeB,
consistins typkoLly oJ three
elements: the bose, shaft, ond

ffi
A solid pje.e ol masonry ot
.anc rcte t usuo I Iy wn hout
ornamentoton and fom as the
lowest nember ol the bose.

80 / DIKSIYONARYONG BISWAL N6ARKITEKTURAN6 FILIPINO

 AMERICAN PERIOD ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, NEOCLASSIC

fur-
'ft-,.
guilloche
An onoment $ed as nouldins
ot as o bo.der consshg oJ two
or mote inteNoven bonds
oraund o series ol ctdes.

\ An onament in ctcuLat pottem

1 which rcsenbles o sNlized rcse

nowet ot d.v athe. s;hilat
jto*",
[-

An arnanenr connon in
classnol dtchitectue bosed on
palamuti, decoftlion
An ondnentdl.lement odded as
on odonment in o building.

a decaotive element, often

coNed ot motde4 n o fatu of
lntenwned flawe6 and at
nbbons an.[ honghg betweeo

m
capital

NCIAI, CAPITOL o The

of o
uoDenost stt!.turul me1ber
.i;*Eot cottmn ot oitnste.
ollen ohoneotol ond ploced
dbove the shah to suoDon
' h.
entoblotne

shaft
rhe ted@l podbn oJ d .losst.ol
IWI @lunn otptlosteR betweeh the

classicalbase
fhe lawesL Donion .f o .ldsstol
coLumn, usiotty caied
m occotdinq to pottehs ond
pbpontahs oJ the c@et ond

raised floor
A fioor whtch has been .o6ed
a6ove the qrcund level as
prctu.rian Fon qrcondwote..

AMER CAN PER]OD] 81

AMERICAN PERIODARCHITECTURAL STY LE, NEO.RENAISSANCE

Neo-Renais5ance

Astylewht.ho Enoted n ttoly

dunnq rhe periad of a.chneaurcl
style .evival n the rythcenturJ
whi.h hds been chotodel2ed by
hip rype iled raolwtth low
pitched ar inclination; eaves with
5u pPoni ng decorative brackets ;
enploynent ol detdiLs such dt
column st piloste5, pedimentst
quoins, dnd orchet; ond often 4
.vnPtt.allv hnlhn.Pd NihhtP
ka styte orc rhe
t;uitd'nss aj
Gato de Leche and Avuntom@nto
n Monila, and BahalPrcvhc@t

Ft

\
i---
l

Ll

spandrel medya'agwa, canopy

A smaLl ctrcdot poiel or A toughly tnangutot drcd oJ waLl A protective covering usually
between two odio.ent archel. prctectinq Jrcn a utalt of o
building ta pravide shekeL

I- .1

o Hilffi
I tlt[ffi$ mltxl m( |ffi
IT-E' lFX o o (
'r: I )
I.':.i
m I

82 ] D (SIYONARYONG BISWALNGARKITEKTURAN6 FLLIPINO

 AMERICAN PERIOD ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, NEO.GOTHIC

Neo.Gothi.

A styLe which atiginated in

Eurape and used io the
Philipptnes n the lotet panof
the sth eenttry rcvtvhqthe
eh i te ct u re voc a b u I o.y ol
Gothic Atchite.tjre- lt tocLudes
srundose at tolly Joe de s,
ootnted ot.hes, soonna sptes,
ibbed v o ultnq, ly hg bu ttte$,
ontl i(h ahonentdtion ond
ttd(e tu. Notd b le e,o n ole s steeple
th.lule the sdnsebd\inn ond
Sdnta Dam i noo Chu rche s i h A ta[ strucd.,re conp.ised
Mon o, ond dootoy(hutch 0
lla.os Sif h e I ol. s io n i C tisto
Centrdl in auein ciy by catlas
Santarvialo b d nadem
adaptatian ol th i s style.
filrr.r'.1

needle spire

umbrella domewith
I muitiple ribs
1
Adanewth bs Jonnhg out
fl lron o centtul sLpporl

,l

octagonallantern
An eiqht-sided type of lanten
obove o tower or dome.

steep gablewall
A gdbte waLl wtth sho.p or i t fi
I
I l ll
I
G
:
4
r!EEt8!tE .i i
i
!
I

AMERTCANPERToD/ 83
AMERICAN PERIODARCHITECTURAL STYLE, ART DECO

-,,

A style which otiginoted in

wenem Eurape ond the Unted
States. lt has been odopted from
L' Ex pasition lnte rnot ionole de s
Ads Decorctift et hdustnels
M.d"hP< h"ld ih Pnn< Fnn.P n
as 25 revi vi ns dnd/d c;mbin i ns
i
ta d ir i a n o Uh i s to cal o n d or a n t-
gade sr/Lsnc elements. Notoble
Jeoturcs o.lude nepped gobles,
sculotured oonels, c!tued coneE
and edqes, chewan ond ziszoq
decarcnoos, rou nd pathoLe
w.do$, ond elements inqrouo
oJ thrce- tsnt@nt butttttnss of
tha sye orc Merrcpoltton ond
CaprtalTheatres n Monilo, 5-
VlLonuevo Buldng n llotla Ary,
ond Rodnquez-Aryuelles Hause n

stepped gable
A qoble at the nain Jacode ol an
At7 Deco buldthos wth the
uppet port shapad senet ol

tiara of stylized Muslim

A decorctiw ononent depiding

the crawn al a Muslin ninoret.
B
polychromatic wall surface
The trcatnent ohdlot decorction
to o wotl sudoce conpnsed oJ
differcnt .olau6 thot resenbles
I
the lestive cultue of the country.

bird ofparadise qate

Ihe omamental ndin entnnce
the typt.ol pllmed oxhe bnds (k ;ty
Pn n;tl tnPid o? r.onnon tn the

84 /DIKS YONARYONG BISWAL N6ARK TEfiURANG F L PLNO

 AMERICAN PERIODARCHITECTURAL STYLE, ART DECO

J.Sr

I
MXtan u8e&

stepped qable
A thin pie.e af badrd usuaLly pre-

.momenLotion dnd ottached an

the sutdce af the wous ot ceilinss.

curued edge and corner

A tteatment opplted to eorneB
ond edaes, elintootinq shary
.ohe6 bv cuNina it. ln
Metrcpahtan rhi k, the c uNed
taheBwere treoted wnh
topestti4 of Moloy cLaths ond
stylized P hih ppne plonts.

I
I
ri
I

stainedqlasswindow
A,ndow wth eolor"d ond oottetned ruioLe-tinted de.orutNe
otiss.in Lne ueuooonanrheat'e, fie stAned 916'window
Aepds the isng sun wnh styli2ed Phihppne plonE.

AMERICAN PER OD / 85
 AMERICAN PERIOD ARCHIIECTURAL S TYLE, STREAMLINED DECO

Streamlined D€co

A loter strcth oJAndeco, wht.h

onginared in the Unned Stotes n
theTqas. tt is enole, unacloned.
dnd lneo. Notoble feotu..
include a rconded s:treonLined
corner, gtdss bLack walLt bdnded
potupett on open decl. pofthate
wndows, ond tnple pee raihnas.
,9n if co nt bttld hgs o f
th is sti le
includesAue2ao lnstiute an.l lot
Alot Buildings in Monilo, and
Lapez Boat Hause in lLailo-
E
f Ouezon lnstittrte I
I

banded parapet
A pordpet with harizontol
cantinuous strip aJ nouldingl
uswlly pldin at unadorned-
,
I ffi

triple pipe railing

A leoturc n Sneamlned Ad Deco
c6pyhq the streomlined shtps
ratlinss wirh rhtee ldyeB of
hon,anrolnPtol tol.

el€ments in group ofthree

A @mmon treotment in both
Streomlihed Ad De.o dnd An
A wtde dnd spaaauterte otdetk Deco deegns .onptited oJ on
entl tade(ksofstteonlhed o.c hitedurcl compone nt oJ the
ships, wnhout ro6f and p.otected building in grcups oI thrce.
only by the metdL toiling on tts
ilr I
-o
'(D rounded streamline corner
porthole window ..

A type of smalL circuln window

4r
extensvely used ds one aJ the eLininating shdtp cone6 oJ
dEtndtve elenents oJ buildinos to laok likP the
Streon lhe d A n Deco s i mlor to
the "pad hole wjndovl' ot'\ide

tl I

86 lD KslyoNARyoNGBswAtNGAR(TEKTURANGFLpNO
 AMERICAN PERIOD ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, BAUHAUS

Bauhaus

A style which ofuinated in

Gemany in t9a9 and odapted
Jron the desiqn school lounded
by waltet Gtopius - the
Stdotlit hes Bo rhd t. w h ih
asymmetrical composition inrends to trcn anisi:6 for

A deegn .onpaetbn e\htbthg

Ia indushal a^s. Natobl elenenrs

n.n.vmn.rn.nl holnnrPd

lt
I lil
l'fl
A charucteristk of the sutoce

buildings hdvinq an even ahd

W II
,t1.
!i
regularity
l=
rL
iit! large window
!t
ll
The quaLity ol hovins rcquLa.ly A window hoving hrltiple-
rcpearhg at synmetncolly - frcned glass windows that
€= Jotms as one huse panet-

f; l*:- It

verticalbrise-soliel balkonahe, balcony

a rcaI hoving o relotively
ho.izontol suiace usuotty aJ
@nuetesldblinish- -.
A buildtnq eLenent choturte tttc
hovno rfr rce. dimensional
ongulot oppedrunce ot shope
A vPdi.ol <Ln-shodind Ao a..eseble ourdoot plotfotn
ihstdlled ta the btild;o"lPmPnt
extetiot prcjectns Jron the e,le.,],at loce
to reduce salar heat q;in by al o buildins ond B enclosed by o
preventinq dnect salor exp60re
o. aloss wndows ond

pilotis
The isoloted colunns ot E
postt lacoted on on aP.n
qround spoce to suppon o I

li I

,r-

AMERTCAN PERToD /87

CAPITOL BUILDING

Kapitolyo, Capitol Building

A pubtk butklng used

prclncial qovennenl
ht

bantayog, monument kalye, street

ai ihDtessive structure ot stot9e A oublit thorcughJarc in o town

erccid n apotuot plazo in ot .ity, utuolly paved, thot is
rc nenbt ance oI o sign fi cont wdei thon an oltey ond olteh
event, oetsan, ot qroup of peaple has butldnqs olong ooe ot both

haywey, highway
A notot publE road ot totte
..nn..+'nn rowns or .ities ond
usuolly utiLized Jot v.hiculat

parke, park

an open oteo, olten tandscaped

an.1 with o ho.Dnent thot is
signficont to the ploce. U is
ustally odned ond hdnaqed by
oooeem entnsntuionond E
hiended Jot pubk rccteotion

Iqt
H1

88 / D KSIYONARYONG BISWAL N6ARK TE(TURANG F LIPINO

 CAPITOL BUILDING

centralbay
rhe centtul division oJ a Jacade oft.n with
distincti\l. ohodentdtion as conparcd to
its subsidiary wlngs ot boyt-

pag, storey

I
tt'f
I I
pangunahing hagdan, main
I stair
I
I *
I
ill,
I'r
*H#l#i it-r- The ptincipoL stoi. odtatent to
the entrcn.e hdll within the

lfi +

A conidat ar pdssogewoy in o

@@,@@
ang Pasukan, portiko, portico
h; A coveted tgoce seNing os An intetiot spoce in which
fionntp'ece oJ the butldtog,
t
b u s i n es s,.le ri c al an d/o
An inposinq spacq oJlen with todinanally consisting oJ tows ol
hiqh .eiling, that seNet as the
centol ctculdtion space inside o

AMERICAN PERIOD / 89
GABALDON SCHOOLHOUSE

Eskwela hanq Gaba ldon,

Gabaldon S.hoolhouse
thp ohelevelprctorype cdL.otonot i. rnao non?d olrot Asse btymdn Babrc
GaboLdon whootthorcd the Phtlppihe AssenblyA.t 18o1in 19oq opptopnonog a1e
nillion dallaa lot the Lon,tlctoi ol sLhool blildingt The otchtecturc ol Lhp
,chaolhab<c wa\ potencd ta he lilpha house with spo.tous a4d lafy rcan\ ond
4h e4eqst@ usp oJsusto,oobl? ?t?aeos n.ludigwde eo!.\ond d ningst
Loue?r, fioa-to-Letlirq opercble wallr ond poaircar rc qo-n2e haroal doyltsht
o1d lenilot oo, o.. ond ,:tat \ vntttono4 sy\teIt dFtl ,per .altJotds Jot rcse
contal ond sun ondwindcot(heB.

= I

palaruan, playground silid gawaan, workshop room

an outdoat sry.e, oJten al s.ass,
tntended both Jot schoal A rcom desionated fot cowino-
.hildrcn t pldyinq oteo ond dn.ldsqslor te.hikol
s.hoal t outdoot dctivitPt

loobang bakuran, courtyard

an oben soo.e o. ofto sotounded il
ot e;ctosid by bul nesondtothy

koridor, corridor
A norow interiot passagewoy
providing occess to rooms ot othet
spoces.

5ilidaralan, classroom
tn schoal, a rco6 usedfot
o@demic instlct ion dnd ye aue

90 J DIKSIYONARYONG BISWAL NGARKITEKIURANG FILIPINO