Lesson 1.

1:
Systems of Linear Equations

JOEMYLENE L. SAÑOSA
Subject Teacher
System of Linear Equations
in Two Variables
A.Give the value of each of the following if x = 2 and y = -1.
1. 5x + 3y 2. 7x + 3y -12 3. –x – 3y + 7

B. If l = 4 and w = 3, then what is the value of P in P = 2( l + w )?

C. When f(x) = 2x + 5, determine the value of each of the following .

1. f(-1) 2. f(0) 3. f(1)

D. Two times the sum of a number and three is twenty. What is the
number?
A linear equation in two variables,
x and y, is an equation that can be
written in the form ax + by = c,
where a, b, and c are constants
such that a ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0.
 Statements Linear Equations in
Two Variables
a. Ralph has Php 1 coins and Php 5 coins.
The total number of coins is Php 50. Let
x and y be the numbers of Php 1 coins
and Php 5 coins, respectively.
b. There are m chairs and n tables in a
room. The total number of chairs and
tables is 36.
A. Why must a ≠ 0 or b ≠ 0 in ax + by = c so
that the equation is a linear equation in two
variables?

B. Which of the following is a linear equation in

two variables? Why?
1. x2 = -3 2. x = 0.4
3. x + y -2 = 0 4. x2 + y2 =1
Two or more linear equations
involving two variables considered
together form a system of linear
equations involving two variables.
 Statements Linear Equations in
Two Variables
a. Vince has Php 1 coins and Php 5 coins
amounting to Php 437. the total number
of coins is 50. Let m and n be the
numbers of Php 1 coins and Php 5 coins,
respectively.
b. There are x chairs and y tables. The
total number of chairs and tables is 23.
the number of tables is 12 less than the
number of chairs.
Note that the intersection of two lines forms the solutions of the system.

1.Solve graphically the system of linear equations

below.
2x + y = 8
4x + 3y = 18
 2. Solve graphically the system of linear equations
below.
2x + y = 6
2x + y = 10

3. Solve graphically the system of linear equations

below.
2x + y = 4
-2x - y = -4
A consistent system of equations is one for which there
exists at least one common solution.

A dependent system of equations is one which has an

infinite number of solutions.

A inconsistent system of equations is one for which the

solution set is the null set.
A. Without graphing, can you tell if a system of linear
equations in two variables is independent and
consistent? How?

B. Which of the following is independent and consistent?

1. x + 2y = 12 2. 3x – y = 5 3. 4x -4y = 12
x + 3y = 1 3x – y = -9 x–y=3
A. By inspection, how can you tell if a system of linear
equations in two variables is inconsistent?

B. Which of the following system of linear equation is

inconsistent?
1. x + 2y = 12 2. 3x – y = 5 3. 4x -4y = 12
x + 3y = 1 3x – y = -9 x–y=3
A. Without graphing, can you tell if a system of linear
equations in two variables is dependent and
consistent?

B. Which of the following is dependent and consistent?

1. x + 2y = 12 2. 3x – y = 5 3. 4x -4y = 12
x + 3y = 1 3x – y = -9 x–y=3
This method is anchored on the Transitive Property of Equality.

1.Solve graphically the system of linear equations

below.
2x + y = 8
4x + 3y = 18
This method is anchored on the Transitive Property of Equality.

1.Solve the system of linear equations below by

comparison method.
2x + 2y = -4
x - y = 36
1.Solve the system of linear equations by
elimination method
3x + y = 8
-3x + 2y = 18
1.Solve the system of linear equations below by
elementary row operations.
x + y = -10
-2x - 6y = 24
System of Linear Equations
in Three or More Unknowns
DEFINITION 1

A system of m linear equations in n variables, or a linear

system, is a collection of equations of the form

a11 x1 + a12 x2 + . . . + a1n xn = b1

a21 x1 + a22 x2 + . . . + a2n xn = b2
a31 x1 + a32 x2 + . . . + a3n xn = b3
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
am1 x1 + am2 x2 + . . . + amn xn = bm

This is also referred to as m x n linear system.

 -2 x1 + 2 x2 + x3 - x4 = -2
x1 + x3 - 4x4 = 1
3 x1 - x2 - x4 = 3

This is a linear system of three equations in four variables,

or a 3 x 4 linear system.

A solution to a linear system with n variables is an ordered

(s1, s2 , …, sn) sequence such that eac equation is satisfied
for x1 = s1, x2 = s2 …xn = sn . The general solution or
solution set is the set of all possible solutions.
 The Elimination Method
The elimination method, also called Gaussian elimination, is
an algorithm used to solve linear system.

An m x n linear system is in triangular form provided

that the coefficients aij= 0 whenever i > j. in this case we
refer to the linear system as a triangular system.

When a linear system is in triangular form, then the

solution set can be obtained using a technique called back
substitution.
 Equivalent Linear Systems
DEFINITION 2

Two linear systems are equivalent if they have the

same solutions.
THEOREM 1
Let
a11 x1 + a12 x2 + . . . + a1n xn = b1
a21 x1 + a22 x2 + . . . + a2n xn = b2
a31 x1 + a32 x2 + . . . + a3n xn = b3
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
am1 x1 + am2 x2 + . . . + amn xn = bm
Be a linear system. Performing any one of the following
operations on the linear system produces an equivalent linear
system.
1. Interchanging any two equations.
2. Multiplying any equation by a nonzero constant.
3. Adding a multiple of one equation to another.