AIR FORCE SCHOOL BARRACKPORE

DISASTER
MANEGMENT
About disaster

Nir karmakar
10/12/2018

Class:IX
 CONTENT
 Introduction
of disaster
 Types of disaster
 Natural disaster
 Man made disaster
 Earthquake
 Volcanic eruption
 Tsunami
 Landslide
 Hurricane
 Floods
 Drought
 Global warming
 Conclusion
Introduction
of disaster
A disaster is a serious disruption ,
occurring over a relatively short time , of
the functioning of a community or a
society involving environmental loss and
impacts , which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope
using its own resources . In contemporary
academia , disaster are seen as the
consequence of inappropriately managed
risk.These risks are the product of a
combination of both hazards and
vulnerability .
Types of
disaster
There are two types of disaster:-
1. Natural disaster
2. Man made disaster

NATURAL
DISASTER
A natural disaster is a major adverse
event resulting from natural processes of
the Earth ;example are flood , hurricanes,
tornadoes , volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes , tsunamis , and other
geologic processes. A natural disaster can
cause loss of life or property damage,
and typically leaves some economic
damage in its wake , the severity of
which depends on the affected
population’s resilience , or ability to
recover and also on the infrastructure
available.

Man made
disaster
Anthropogenic hazards arehazards
caused by human action or inaction.
They are contrasted with natural hazards.
Anthropogenic hazards may adversely
affect humans , other organisms ,biomes
and ecosystems . The frequency and
severity of hazards are key elements in
some risk analysis methodologies .
Hazards may also be described in
relation to the impact that they have . A
hazard only exists if there is a pathway to
exposure.
EARTHQUAKE

An earthquake is th eshaking of the

surface of the Earth , resulting from the
sudden release of energy in the Earth’s
lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Earthquakes can range in size from those
that are so weak that they cannot be felt
to those violent enough to toss people
around and destroy whole cities . The
seismicity , or seismic activity, of an area
is the frequency , type and size of
earthquakes experienced over a period
of time . The word tremor is also used for
non-earthquake seismic rumbling.
VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

A volcanic eruption occurs when hot

materials from the earth’s interior are
thrown out of a volcano.
Lava, rocks, dust, and gas compounds are
Some of these “ejecta”. Eruptions can
come from side branches or from the top
of the volcano. Some eruptions are
terrible explosions that throw out huge
amounts of rocks and volcanic ash and
kill many people.Some are quiet outflow
of hot lava .
TSUNAMI

A tsunami or tidal wave , also known as a

seismic sea wave , is a series of waves in
a water body caused by the displacement
of a large volume of water , generally in
an ocean or a large lake . Earthquakes ,
volcanic eruptions and other underwater
explosions , landslides , glacier calving,
meteorite impacts and other disturbances
above or below water all have the
potential to generate a tsunami .Tsunami
waves do not resemble normal undersea
current or sea waves because their
waevlength is far longer . Rather than
appearing as a breaking wave , a tsuami
may instead initially resemble a rapidly
rising tide . For this reason , it is often
referred to as a “tidal wave” .
landslide

The term landslide or , less frequently ,

landslip , refers to several forms of mass
wasting that include a wide range of
ground movements , such as rockfalls ,
deep-seated slpoe failures , mudflows
and debris flows .
Landslides can occur underwater , in
which case they are called submarine
landslides , and in coastal and onshore
environment.Although the action of
gravity is the primary driving force for a
landslide to occur , there are other
contributing factors affecting slope
stability.
HURRICANE

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating

storm system characterized by a low-
pressure center , a closed low-level
atmospheric circulation , strong winds ,
and a spiral arrangement of
thunderstorms that produce heavy rain .
Depending on its location and strength ,
a tropical cyclone is referred to by
different names , including hurricane ,
typhoon , tropical storm , cyclonic storm ,
tropical depression , and simple cyclone .
A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that
occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and
northeastern Pacific Ocean , and a
typhoon occurs in the northwestern
Pacific Ocean; while in the south Pacific
or Indian Ocean, comparable storms are
referred to simple as “tropical cyclones”
or “severe cyclonic storms”
FLOOD

A flood is an overflow of water that

submerges land that is usually dry . The
European Union (EU) Floods Directive
defines a flood as a covered by water of
land not normally covered by water . In
the sense of “flowing water”, the word
may also be applied to the inflow of the
tide . Floods are an area of study of the
discipline hydrology and are of
significant concern in agriculture , civil
engineering and public health. Flooding
may occur as an overflow of water from
water bodiesa , such as a river , lake , or
ocean , in which the water overtops or
breaks levees , resulting in some of that
water escaping its usual boundaries .
Drought

A drought is a period of below-average

precipitation in a given region , resulting
in porlonged shortages in the water
supply, whether atmospheric , surface
water or ground water . A drought can
last for months or years, or may be
declared after as few as 15 days . It can
have a substantial impact on the
ecosystem and agriculture of the affected
region and harm to the local economy .
Annual dry seasons in the tropics
significantly increase the chances of a
drought developing and subsequent bush
fires .Periods of heat can significantly
worsen drought conditions by hastening
evaporation of water vapour .
GLOBAL
WARMING

Global warming is the observed century-

scale rise in the average temparature of
the earth’s climate system and it’s related
effects,as part of climate change.Multiple
lines of scientific evidence show that the
climate system is warming.Many of the
observed changes since the 1950s are
unprecedented in the instrumental
temparature record,and in paleoclimate
proxy records of climate change over
thousands to millions of years.
conclusion
It was essential that we look at
disasteralso management from the
devolopment angle.It is no longer either
one-off or stand –alone activity.despite
thee fact that disaster preparedness has
not been identified as one of the MDGs, it
is apparent that proper mechanisms for
disaster awareness and means of disaster
recovery are essential to achieving the
MDGs.In particular,the MDG targets such
as integrating the priciples of sustainable
devoloment into country policies and
programmes.

the end
Made By
Nir karmakar