Table 1.
“REGULATED” ACTIVITIES UNDER RA 9147 (WILDLIFE RESOURCES CONSERVATION
AND PROTECTION ACT)
ACTIVITY
COLLECTION OF WILDLIFE
(Section 7, RA 9147)
Defined as the act of gathering or harvesting
wildlife, its by-products or derivatives;
When allowed:
1. by indigenous people for traditional
use but not primarily for trade (except
threatened species, Sec 23)
2. if no detriment to existing wildlife
populations and their habitats
POSSESSION of wildlife
(Section 8, RA 9147)
GENERAL RULE: no person or entity shall be
allowed possession of wildlife
COLLECTION/POSSESSION of BY-PRODUCTS
AND DERIVATES
(Section 9, RA 9147)
LOCAL TRANSPORT of wildlife, by-products
and derivatives
(Section 10, same)
REQUIREMENTS/RESTRICTIONS
1. Should be in accordance with Section
6, RA 9147
2. Should use appropriate and
acceptable wildlife collection
techniques with least or no
detrimental effects to the existing
wildlife population and their habitats
3. Collection by indigenous people may
be allowed for traditional use and not
primarily for trade
4. Shall not cover threatened species
(sec 23 – (a) allowed only for
scientific, breeding, or propagation
purposes; b) only the accredited
individuals, business, research,
educational, or scientific entities shall
be allowed to collect for conservation,
breeding or propagation purposes)
1. Prove financial and technical
capability and facility (to maintain
wildlife)
2. Source was not obtained in violation
of the act
illegal source = illegal possession
1. may be collected and/or possessed
2. source was not obtained in violation
of the act
1. local transport … collected or
possessed through any other means
shall be authorized
2. UNLESS it is prejudicial to the wildlife
and public health
1. Exportation and importation from
another country is allowed
EXPORTATION and/or IMPORTATION of 2. Provided, it is authorized by the
wildlife Secretary or the designated
(Section 11) representative
3. Subject to strict compliance with RA
9147 and other rules and regulations
4. Provided further, the recipient of the
wildlife is technically and financially
capable to maintain it

5. Allowed only for population

INTRODUCTION, REINTRODUCTION, or enhancement or recovery purposes
RESTOCKING of ENDEMIC or INDIGENOUS 6. Subject to scientific study
WILDLIFE 7. public consultations with concerned
(Section 12) individuals or entities

1. NOT ALLOWED in Pas and critical

INTRODUCTION of EXOTIC wildlife
(Section 13)
habitats
2. ALLOWED in other areas –
3. clearance from the
Secretary/authorized representative
4. environmental impact study;
5. prior informed consent of local
stakeholders

BIOPROSPECTING 1. bioprospecting undertaking (stipulate

(Section 14) compliance with and commitments to
reasonable terms and conditions that
may be imposed by the Secretary)
2. prior informed consent from the local
community, Indigenous Peoples (IPs)
community, Protected Area
Management Board (PAMB), private
land owner
3. Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) when applicable and necessary
4. If foreign – active involvement of local
institution

1. Undertaking/agreement
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES on wildlife 2. Gratuitous permit
(Section 15) 3. Prior informed consent

If foreign – active involvement of local

institution

BIO-SAFETY
 (Section 16)
1. All activities dealing with genetic
engineering and pathogenic
organisms
2. Activities requiring the importation,
introduction, field release, and
breeding of organisms that are
potentially harmful to man and
environment
COMMERCIAL BREEDING or PROPAGATION
of wildlife resources
(Section 17)
Table 2. PROHIBITED ACTS and PENALTIES under RA 9147
Prohibited Acts
Killing and destroying wildlife species
(Section 27 (a))
Exceptions:
1. religious rituals of established tribal
groups or ICCs
2. afflicted with an incurable
communicable disease
3. deemed necessary to put an end to
the misery suffered by the wildlife
4. prevent an imminent danger to the
life and limb of a human being
5. When the wildlife is killed or
destroyed after it has been used in
authorized research or experiments
Inflicting injury which cripples and/or impairs
the reproductive system of wildlife species
(Section 27[b])
1. Shall be reviewed in accordance with
bio-safety guidelines ensuring public
welfare and the protection and
conservation of wildlife and their
habitats
1. Wildlife farm/culture permit
2. Environmental impact study
Penalties (Section 28, RA 9147)
Imprisonment of:
6 years and 1 day to 12 years and/or fine of
100,000 to 1 million (species listed as critical)
4 years and 1 day to 6 years and/or fine of
50,000 to 500,000 (for endangered species)
2 years and 1 day to 4 years and/or fine of
30,000 to 300,000 (vulnerable species)
1 year and 1 day to 2 years and/or fine of
20,000 to 200,000 (for threatened species)
6 months and 1 day to 1 year and/or fine of
10,000 to 100,000 (other wildlife species)
Imprisonment of:
4 years and 1 day to 6 years and/or fine of
50,000 to 500,000 (species listed as critical)
 2 years and 1 day to 4 years and/or fine of
30,000 to 200,000 (endangered species)

1 year and 1 day to 2 years and/or fine of

20,000 to 200,000 (vulnerable species)

6 months and 1 day to 1 year and/or fine of

10,000 to 50,000 (threatened species)

1 month to 6 months and/or fine of 5,000 to

20,000 (other wildlife species)

Effecting any of the following acts in critical

habitats:
1. Dumping of waste products Imprisonment of:
detrimental to wildlife
2. Squatting or otherwise occupying any 1 month to 8 years and/or fine of 5,000 to 5
portions of the critical habitats million pesos
3. Mineral exploration and/or extraction
4. Burning
5. Logging
6. Quarrying

(Section 27 [c])

Introduction, reintroduction or restocking of Imprisonment of:

wildlife resources
(Section 27 (d)) 1 month to 8 years and/or fine of 5,000 to 5
million pesos

Trading of wildlife Imprisonment of:

(Section 27 (e))
2 years and 1 day to 4 years and/or fine of
5,000 to 300,000 (species listed as critical)

1 year and 1 day to 2 years and/or fine of

2,000 to 200,000 (endangered species)

6 months and 1 day to 1 year and/or fine of

1,000 to 100,000 (for vulnerable species)

1 month and 1 day to 6 months and/or fine

of 500 to 50,000 (other threatened species)

10 days to 1 month and/or fine of 200 to

20,000 (other wildlife species)
Collecting, hunting or possessing wildlife,
their by-products or derivatives
(Section 27(f))
(note: if act committed through
inappropriate techniques and devices,
maximum penalty will apply)
Gathering or destroying of active nests, nest
trees, host plants, and the like
(Section 27 (g))
Maltreating and/or inflicting other injuries
not covered by the preceding paragraph
(Section 27 (h))
Transporting of wildlife
(Section 27 (i))
Additional penalties: (Section 28, RA 9147)
1. Forfeiture of all wildlife, its derivatives
or by-products, and all paraphernalia,
Imprisonment of:
2 years and 1 day to 4 years and fine of
30,000 to 300,000 (species listed as critical)
1 year and 1 day to 2 years and fine of 20,000
to 200,000 (endangered species)
6 months and 1 day to 1 year and a fine of
10,000 to 100,000 (vulnerable species)
1 month and 1 day to 6 months and a fine of
5,000 to 50,000 (other threatened species)
10 days to 1 month and a fine of 1,000 to
5,000 (other wildlife species)
1. Same as above –
Imprisonment of:
6 months and 1 day to 1 year and a fine of
50,000 to 100,000 (species listed as critical)
3 months and 1 day to 6 months and a fine of
20,000 to 50,000 (endangered species)
1 month and 1 day to 3 months and a fine of
5,000 to 20,000 (vulnerable species)
10 days to 1 month and a fine of 1,000 (other
threatened species)
5 days to 10 days and a fine of 200 to 1,000
(other wildlife species)
1. Same as above
 tools, and conveyances used in
connection with violations of this act;
2. if conveyance owned by third-person
who has no participation in or
knowledge of the illegal acts, same
may be released to the owner;
3. if offender is an alien – deportation
after service of sentence and
payment of fines
*Turnover to the nearest Wildlife Rescue
Center of the Department in the area – the
apprehending agency shall immediately
cause the transfer of all wildlife that have
been seized or recovered

Table 3. Prohibited Acts under RA No. 7586 National Integrated Protected Areas System Act
(NIPAS)

PROHIBITED ACTS

Hunting, destroying, disturbing or mere possession of any plants and animals or products
derived therefrom without a permit from the Management Board
(Section 20 (a))

- Offender may be required to restore or compensate for the restoration of the

damaged area
- eviction from the land by the court
- forfeiture in favor of the government of all minerals, timber or any species collected
or removed including all equipment, devices, firearms used in connection therewith,
and any construction or improvement made thereon
- DENR may impose administrative fines and penalties

Dumping of any waste products detrimental to the Protected Area (PA), or to plants and
animals or inhabitants therein
(Section 20 (b))

Use of any motorized equipment without a permit from the Management Board
(Section 20 (c))

Mutilating, defacing or destroying objects of natural beauty or objects of interest to cultural

communities
(Section 20 (d))

Damaging and leaving roads and trails in damaged conditions

(Section 20 (e))
 Squatting, mineral locating, or otherwise occupying any land
(Section 20 (f))

Constructing or maintaining any kind of structure, fences or enclosure, conducting any

business enterprise without a permit
(Section 20 (g))

Leaving in exposed or unsanitary conditions refuse or debris, or depositing in ground or in

bodies of water
(Section 20 (h))

Altering, removing, destroying or defacing boundary marks or signs

(Section 20 (i))

Table 4. Prohibited Acts under RA No. 9072 (National Caves and Cave Resources Management
and Protection Act)
“Cave resources” include any material or substance occurring naturally in caves, such as animal
life, plant life, including paleontological and archaeological deposits, cultural artifacts or
products of human activities, sediments, minerals, speleogems and speleothems

PROHIBITED ACTS

Knowingly destroying, disturbing, defacing, marring, altering, removing, or harming the

speleogem or speleothem of any cave or altering the free movement of any animal or plant
life into or out of any cave
(Section 7 (a))

*administrative confiscation of the cave resources gathered, collected, removed, possessed,

or sold including the conveyance and equipment used

Gathering, collecting, possessing, consuming, selling, bartering, or exchanging or offering for

sale without authority any cave resource
(Section 7 (b))

Counseling, procuring, soliciting, or employing any other person to violate any provision of
Section 7 of the Act
(Section 7 (c))