Lifestyle Related Diseases

Marie Ruth A. Echavez, MD, FPAFP

LIFE STYLE RELATED DISEASES Descriptive Epidemiology, Etiology, Prevention and

 A group of diseases where the onset and progress are Control of Hypertension
due to lifestyle and behavior factor(s) such as dietary  717 out of 3,415 subjects were hypertensive
habits, physical activities, rest, smoking, alcohol  Prevalence of hypertension 21%
consumption, etc.  16% were aware of their hypertension (546/717) or
 Examples: Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancers, 76% of the total hypertensive population
etc.  5% of the 21% were unaware (171/717) or 24% of
 Chronic diseases the hypertensive population.
 Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)  Regional distribution of hypertension
 Prevalence highest in MetroManila at 33%
Leading causes of Life-style Related Diseases o 27% were aware and 6% were unaware
 Second highest Southern Tagalog at 26%
 Modifiable behavioral risk factors o 23% were aware and 3% were unaware
 Tobacco use  Prevalence lowest in Western Visayas at 9%
 Physical inactivity  Prevalence of hypertension based on demographic
 Unhealthy diet factors:
 Harmful use of alcohol  Urban versus rural areas
 Metabolic/physiological risk factors o Prevalence 24%
 Behaviors that lead to four key metabolic/physiological  19% were Aware while 5% were unaware
changes that increase the risk of NCDs:  Rural areas
o raised blood pressure o Prevalence 18%
o overweight/obesity  13% were aware and 5% were unaware
o hyperglycemia
o hyperlipidemia Descriptive Epidemiology, Etiology, Prevention and
 Elevated blood pressure - leading metabolic risk factor Control of DM type II
globally  Prevalence worldwide for all age groups
o 18% of global deaths  2.8% (2000)
 Overweight and obesity and raised blood glucose  4.4% (2030)
o Low- and middle-income countries have fastest rise  Projection - total # of affected 171M (2000) to 366M in
in overweight young children 2030
 Prevalence Males>Females
Socioeconomic Impacts of LRDs  Most important demographic change – increase >65 y/o
 Threaten progress towards the UN Millennium “Diabetes cannot be cured,
Development Goals and post-2015 development agenda but it can be controlled”
 Poverty - increases household costs for health care,  Prevention
quickly draining household resources, driving families  Hereditary
into poverty o Health education of family members
 In many countries, harmful drinking and unhealthy diet o Screening of family members – primary, secondary
and lifestyles occur both in higher and lower income prevention
groups o Counseling – lifestyle modification, compliance to
WHO response medications, close follow-up with involvement of
 >190 countries agreed in 2011 on global mechanisms the patient’s family
to reduce the avoidable NCD burden including a Global  Treatment
action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs  Pharmacologic and therapeutic approach/ Oral
2013-2020 Hypoglycemics
o Treat the underlying causes of the disease
o Combination of drugs that will correct the multiple
9 voluntary global targets pathologic causes
 Non-Pharmacologic Management
 - 25% in the risk of premature mortality from CVD, o Diet
cancer, DM or chronic respiratory diseases o Lifestyle
 -10% harmful use of alcohol o Exercise
 -10% prevalence of insufficient activity o Psychosocial
 -30% mean population intake of salt/sodium o Immunization
 -30% current tobacco use in persons 15+ years
 -25% prevalence of raised blood pressure Descriptive Epidemiology, Etiology, Prevention and
 Halting the rise of diabetes and obesity Control of Cancer
 50% of eligible people receiving drug therapy and  Lung – Chest Xray, CT
counseling to prevent heart attacks and strokes  Breast – mammography, CBE, SBE
 80% availability of affordable technologies and essential  Colorectum – fecal occult blood testing,sigmoidoscopy,
medicines required to treat major NCDs in both public colonoscopy, barium enema, CT
and private facilities  Prostate – DRE, PSA
 Cervix - Papsmear
 2015 - set national targets
Healthy Lifestyle 0-5-10-30-150
 Measure progress on the 2010 baselines reported in
 0 Cigarettes a day
the Global status report on noncommunicable diseases
 5 Servings of fruits and vegetables a day
2014
 10 Minutes of relaxation or meditation daily
 2018 – evaluation of national progress
 30 BMI less than 30
 3rd high-level meeting on NCDs UN General Assembly
 150 Minutes of exercise a week
convene  attain voluntary global targets by 2025

Descriptive Epidemiology, Etiology, Prevention and For graphs on cancer:

Control of Obesity http://publications.cancerresearchuk.org/downloads/product/
 WHO – in 2015, 2.3 billion overweight adults worldwide CS_REPORT_WORLD.pdf
 >700M of them will be obese
Descriptive Epidemiology, Etiology, Prevention and Control of References:
Obesity  www.doh.gov.ph
 Philippines  World Health Organization - Noncommunicable Diseases
 1998 – 20 of 100 of both sexes were overweight (NCD) Country Profiles, 2014.
 2003 – 24 of 100  Textbook of Family Medicine Volume 2, Zorayda E.
 2008 – 27 of 100 Leopando, Editor. 2015
 7th National Nutrition Survey by FNRI-DOST 2008  World Health Organization -
 7 out of 10 women http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/
 1 out 10 men  www.philheart.org/ver1/images/guidelines/f.pdf
Management  http://www.cancerindex.org/Philippines
 Diet  Textbook of Family Medicine, Robert E. Rakel and David P.
 Exercise Rakel, Editors. 2011
 Pharmacologic Regimen
 Surgery
 Behavior Therapy