Lesson Plan in Science 10

I. Objectives
A. Learning Competency: Explain how mutations may cause changes in the structure and
function of a protein
B. Unpacked Competency
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a. define mutation; and
b. illustrate and differentiate the kinds of chromosomal mutation

II. Content
Main Topic: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
Sub Topic: Mutation: Changes in the Genetic Code

III. Learning Resources

Teacher’s Guide pp.210-214
Science Learner’s Material pp.281-287
Materials: Visual Aids, Strips of Papers, Video, Projector, Modeling Clay of Varied Color

IV. Teaching-Learning Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Preliminary

Good Afternoon Class!

Good Afternoon ma’am
Kindly pick up the scattered pieces of papers
under your chair and arrange your chairs.
(the students will pick up the scattered papers and
arrange their chairs)
Let us all stand and bow down our heads and
feel the presence of our almighty God through
prayer.
AMEN AMEN
You may now sit down
(the students will sit down)
Who is/are absent today?
None ma’am

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the

new lesson

Class I have here jumbled letters, all you have

to do is arrange the letters that is being jumbled to
come up with a word. Whoever knows the answer
raise your hand and tell your answer to the class.
Is that clear?
Yes ma’am
First jumbled word is NOITATMU
Mutation ma’am
 Precisely!
How about this one SNEGAUTM
Mutagens ma’am
Very Good!
Next word EVITCDUPORRE LECLS
Reproductive Cells ma’am
Very Good!
Fourth word is YODB CLLSE
Body Cells ma’am
Absolutely!
Fifth word is EGEN NOITTAUM
Gene Mutation ma’am
Absolutely!
How about this, LAMOOSMORHC
TIUAMOIN
Chromosomal Mutation ma’am
Very Good!
Seventh word, TIONCALORANTS
Translocation ma’am
Precisely!
Eighth word, LETIONDE
Deletion ma’am
Very Good!
And last but not the least, VERSIONIN
Inversion ma’am
Absolutely!
What did you notice about the words that is
posted on the board? Yes __________
I think it is all about mutation ma’am
Precisely!

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

When you copy from the blackboard,

sometimes you commit mistakes right?
Yes ma’am
In similar way, mistakes may occur when
DNA is replicated. Look at this picture.
(the teacher will flash a picture showing common
mistakes in mutation.)

Changes in DNA sequence may delete such

protein or change its structure. When the code in
the gene is changed, a different message may
result.

What is mutation? Any Idea? Yes ________

A mutation is a change in the base sequence of
DNA ma’am
Precisely!
Class, I want you to listen to these video and
listen carefully. This is a rap describing what is
mutation, its causes and effect. You can also sing
following the subtitle below the screen.

(the teacher will play the video)

(the students will watch the video)
Mutation is relatively change in hereditary
material that involves either a change in
chromosome structure or number.

Any change in the sequence of the nitrogenous

bases, any mistakes in transcription of genetic
information from DNA to RNA or pairing of the
codon and anticodon, may cause changes in kind,
sequence and number of amino acids of protein
synthesized by cells.

So, what could be the result of the changes in

protein structure or level of expression? Yes ____
It may lead to changes in cellular properties and
behavior, so as a result ma’am, the organism is
affected.
C. Presenting examples/Instances of the new
lesson

Now, changes in the genes can occur for a

variety of reasons.
Mutation may be induced by factors called
what? Any idea? Yes ________
Mutagens ma’am
Absolutely!
What is/are mutagens? Anyone from the class
who knows what is/are mutagens? Yes ______
Mutagens are commonly in the form of toxic
chemicals and harmful radiations.
Yes, Very Good!

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new

skills #1

Toxic chemicals is a substance that can be

poisonous or cause health effects like mercury,
chlorine gas, ammonia, smoke and the like while
harmful radiation are over exposure of pregnant
women in radiation, X-rays, radio waves, heat,
alpha and gamma ionizing radiation.

What are other reasons why mutation occurs

class?
Mutation occurs sometimes in DNA replication,
mitosis, and meiosis and all of these can alter the
DNA sequence and length.
You got the point!
 Mutation can occur in two different types of
cell, and what are these?
Reproductive Cells and Body Cells ma’am
Take note class that only mutation in sex cells
pass on the offspring.
How do mutation affects the reproductive cells
organism?

By changing the sequence of nucleotides within a

gene in a sperm and egg cell ma’am
What will happen then if these cells become
fertilized?
The mutated gene becomes a part of the genetic
make up of the offspring ma’am.
What will happen if the mutation is so severe?

The resulting protein may be non-functional and

the embryo may not develop.
E. Discuss new concepts and practicing new skills
#2

There are two types of mutations that can

occur in gamete cells, what are they?
The gene mutation and chromosomal mutation
ma’am
What is gene mutation?
It is a permanent change in DNA sequence that
makes up a gene.
How about chromosomal mutation?
It occurs at the chromosome level resulting in
gene deletion, translocation, and inversion. It may
be caused by parts of chromosomes breaking off
or rejoining incorrectly.
What is gene deletion?
It refers to the loss of segment of DNA or
chromosome.
How about translocation?
It occurs when a piece of chromosome breaks off
and attaches to another chromosome.
And what is inversion?
It involves the breakage of a chromosome in two
places in which the resulting piece of DNA is
reversed and re-inserted into the chromosome.
Most mutations are harmful. Mutations in the
body cell are known to cause what?
Cancer ma’am
How about mutation in sex cells can cause
what?
It can cause birth defects ma’am.
Take note that severe mutations may lead to
cell death and may have no effect on the body but
sometimes mutation maybe useful for species.
 When is mutation inherited? Why in sex cells
heritable?

Many diseases are caused by the effects of

inherited genes. In most cases, there is always a
small difference between DNA sequence in the
defective gene and normal one,

This differences are enough to cause serious and

often fatal diseases. This diseases-causing genes
are the result of mutation.

They maybe passed from one generation to the

next if present in gametes.

F, Developing Mastery
(leads to Formative Assessment)

Class, I have here a box that contains strips of

papers. I will group you into three. All you have
to do is pick one and that will determine who is
your groupmates.
(the students will pick up strips of paper)
Find your groupmates according to the color of
the strips of paper you are holding. Group 1 will
stay in front, Group 2 will stay at the back and
Group 3 stay at this side.
(the students will proceed to their task area)
Are you in respective groups?
Yes ma’am
In page 284-287 of your module, I want you to
do the activity 6 wherein you are tasked to
illustrate and differentiate the kinds of
chromosomal mutation. Group 1 will do the
Translocation, Group 2 will do the Deletion and
group 3 will do the Inversion.

I will give you 20 minutes to do the task.

When the time is up present your work in front. Is
that clear?
Yes ma’am
This is the rubric that will determine your
performance
Creativity- 20%
Concept Understanding- 40%
Effort- 20%
Responsiveness- 20%
For a total of 100%

Time starts now

(the students will do their task)
Are you done class?
Yes ma’am
G. Finding practical application of concepts and
skills in daily living

Group 1 present your work

(group 1 will present their work)
Brilliant! Class let us give them five claps
Group 2 it’s your time to shine
(group 2 will present their work)
Very Good! Class let us give them also five
claps
Group 3 it’s your turn
(group 3 will present their work)
Nice One! Class let us give them also five
claps.

H. Making Generalizations and Abstractions

about the Lesson

How are the three chromosomal aberrations

different from each other?
Translocation occurs when a piece of
chromosome breaks of and attaches to another
chromosome.
Inversion involves the breakage of a chromosome
in two places in which the resulting piece of DNA
is reversed and re-inserted into the chromosome.
Deletion refers to the loss of a segment of DNA or
chromosome.
How are they similar?
Changes that affect the structure of chromosomes
can cause problems with growth, development,
and function of the body’s systems.
These changes can affect many genes along the
chromosome and disrupt the proteins made from
the genes.

Do you think the normal genetic content of the

chromosome is affected?
The normal genetic content of the chromosome
may be affected. Many diseases are caused by the
effects of inherited genes. In most cases, there is
only a small difference between the DNA
sequence in the defective gene and a normal one.
This difference is enough to cause serious and
often fatal diseases.

I. Evaluating Learning

Answer the following questions. Use ½ sheet

of paper crosswise.
1. _______ are commonly in the form of toxic
chemicals and harmful radiations.
 2-3. Mutation can occur in two different types of
cell and these are the ________ and _________.
4. ________ is a permanent change in DNA
sequence that makes up a gene.
5-6. _______ and ________ are two types of
mutations that can occur in gamete cells.
7. It is the changes in the genetic code.
8-10. What are the differences of Translocation,
Deletion and Inversion?
(the students will answer the questions)

J. Additional activities for application or

remediation

Do an advance reading about the different birth

defects.
References: Science Learner’s Material
pp.288-291

IV. REMARKS

V. REFLECTION
No. of learners with 80% in the evaluation

No. of learner who require additional activities for

remediation who scored below 80%

No. of learners who have cope up with the lesson

Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners

who have caught up with the lesson

No. of learners who continue to require

remediation

What difficulties did I encounter which my

principal or supervisor can help me solve?

What innovation or localized materials did I use/

discover which I wish to share with other
teachers?
Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 10

Topic:
Main Topic: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
Sub Topic: Mutation: Changes in the Genetic Code

Date of Execution:

Prepared By:

APPLE GRAPES A.CALIVA

Student Teacher

Checked By:

LERMA V. MOLINA
Cooperating Teacher

Noted:

MARILOU R. VILLA
HT1, RS Department

Further Noted:

CORAZON A. LLAPITAN,Ph.D
Principal II